diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:39:06 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:39:06 -0700 |
| commit | 99349013320c8228cca87b0c381a38e79fef8f92 (patch) | |
| tree | ffa3c5970273061c11703220bccb7a545ae51526 /28649-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '28649-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/28649-h.htm | 37227 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0001-1400.png | bin | 0 -> 475703 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0001-600.png | bin | 0 -> 81398 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0130-1100.png | bin | 0 -> 356586 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0130-370.png | bin | 0 -> 47423 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0242-1100.png | bin | 0 -> 410057 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0242-347.png | bin | 0 -> 39964 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0330-1200.png | bin | 0 -> 489200 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0330-325.png | bin | 0 -> 39122 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0482-1100.png | bin | 0 -> 405139 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 28649-h/images/0482-366.png | bin | 0 -> 45098 bytes |
11 files changed, 37227 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/28649-h/28649-h.htm b/28649-h/28649-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..926038d --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/28649-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,37227 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Letters of Queen Victoria, Volume III (of 3), 1854-1861, by Queen of Great Britain Victoria</title> + <style type="text/css"> + body {margin-left:12%; margin-right:16%;} + p {text-align: justify;} + td {text-align: justify; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em;} + td.illus {text-align: justify; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 1em;} + td.center {text-align: center; font-size: 1.0em;} + td.main {text-align: left; font-size: 1.0em; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0;} + td.main1 {text-align: right; font-size: 1.0em; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0;} + td.main1a {text-align: right; font-size: 1.0em; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 0;} + td.main2 {text-align: left; font-size: 0.9em; padding-left: 1em; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 1em;} + td.left {text-align: left; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold;} + td.left1 {text-align: right; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold; padding-right: 1em;} + td.left1a {text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em;} + td.left1b {text-align: left; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0; padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0} + td.right {text-align: right; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal;} + td.right1a {text-align: right; padding-right: 0.5em;} + td.inset {border: medium double #000000; text-align: left; font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: bold;} + td.note {text-align: left;font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; border: 1px dashed; padding: 1em;} + td.note1 {text-align: left;font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: normal; border: 1px dashed; padding: 1em;} + td.quote {font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: normal; padding-left: 4em; padding-right: 1em; margin-left: 10%;} + ul.none {margin-left: 13%; margin-top: 3em; list-style-type: none;} + ul.nonetn {margin-left: 13%; margin-top: 0em; list-style-type: none;} + ul.none1 {margin-left: 15%; list-style-type: none;} + ul.none4 {margin-left: 13%; list-style-type: none;} + ul.index {font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 2%; list-style-type: none;} + ul.index1 {margin-left: 5%; list-style-type: none;} + ul.index2 {margin-left: 5%; list-style-type: none;} + .sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;margin-left: 15%;margin-right: 15%;} + h1 {font-size: 200%; text-align: center;} + h2 {font-size: 150%; text-align: center;} + h3 {font-size: 125%; text-align: center;} + h4 {font-size: 115%; text-align: center;} + h5 {font-size: 105%; text-align: center;} + h6 {font-size: 90%; text-align: center;} + h1.pg {font-size: 190%; text-align: center;} + h3.pg {font-size: 110%; text-align: center;} + p.center {text-align: center;} + p.center1 {font-size: 0.9em; text-align: center;} + p.author {margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 5%; text-align: right;} + p.note {font-size: 0.9em;} + p.note1 {font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%;} + p.note2 {font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 25%;} + p.note2a {font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 15%;} + p.note2a {margin-top: -1em;} + p.note1right {font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; text-align: right;} + p.note1author {font-size: 0.8em; margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 15%; text-align: right;} + p.author {margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 10%; text-align: right;} + p.rindent {margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 20%;font-size: 0.8em; text-align: right;} + p.rindent1 {margin-top: -1em; margin-right: 20%;font-size: 0.9em; text-align: right;} + .ind {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-top: -0.5em;} + .ind2 {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 12%; margin-top: -0.5em;} + .ind1 {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; margin-top: 2.5em;} + .indright {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: right;} + .indrightnote {font-size: 0.8em; margin-right: 15%; text-align: right;} + .emph {font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold;} + .emph1 {font-size: 1.1em; font-weight: bold;} + span.outdent {text-align: left; margin-left: -1em;} + span.outdent1 {text-align: left;margin-left: -2em;} + span.pagenum {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 88%; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: left; color: #cccccc; background: inherit; font-weight: normal;} + span.left {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 88%; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: left; color: #cccccc; background: inherit; font-weight: normal;} + span.left1 {position: absolute;left: 0%;right: 88%; font-size: 0.9em; text-align: left; color: #dddddd; background: inherit; font-weight: normal;} + span.rightnote {position: absolute; left: 86%; right: 1%; font-size: 0.7em; text-align: left;} + span.bigbrace {font-size: 2em;} + sup {font-size: 0.7em;font-weight: normal;} + ins {text-decoration:none; border-bottom: dashed 1px silver;} + .clear {clear: both;} + hr {text-align: center; width: 50%;color: #999999;background: inherit;} + hr.short {width: 20%;} + hr.full {width: 70%;} + .figure {padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 1em; margin: 0px; padding-top: 1em; text-align: center;} + .figcenter {padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 1em; font-size: 0.9em; padding-bottom: 1em; margin: 0px; padding-top: 1em; text-align: center;} + + .figcenter p {margin: 1em; text-indent: 0;} + + .figleft3 {padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; font-size: 2.3em; font-weight: bold;} + .figleft3 {float: left;} + .figcenter {margin: auto;} + + .poem {margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 5%; text-align: left; font-size: 1.0em;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em;} + .poem p {padding-left: 3em; margin: 0px; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem p.i2 {margin-left: 1em;} + .poem p.i6 {margin-left: 3em} + .poem p.i12 {margin-left: 6em} + .poem p.i16 {margin-left: 8em} + .poem p.i20 {margin-left: 10em} + + .narrow {margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + a:link {color: blue;background: inherit;font-weight: bold;text-decoration: none;} + a:visited {color: blue;background: inherit;font-weight: bold;text-decoration: none;} + a:hover {color: blue;background: inherit;text-decoration: none;} + a:active {color: blue;background: inherit;text-decoration: underline;} + a.contents:link {color: #000000; background: inherit;text-decoration: none;} + a.contents:visited {color: #000000; background: inherit; text-decoration: none;} + a.contents:hover {color: blue; background: inherit; text-decoration: none;} + a.contents:active {color: blue; background: inherit; text-decoration:underline;} + a.index:link {color: blue; background:inherit; font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;} + a.index:visited {color: #cc0099; background: inherit; font-weight: normal;text-decoration: none;} + a.index:hover {color: blue; background: inherit; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;} + a.index:active {color: #cc0099; background: inherit; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: underline;} + a.footnote:link { color: #000000; background:inherit; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: normal;} + a.footnote:visited { color: #000000; background:inherit; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: normal;} + a.footnote:hover { color: blue; background: inherit; text-decoration: none; font-weight: normal;} + a.footnote:active { color: #cc0099; background: inherit; text-decoration: underline; font-weight: normal;} + + hr.pg { width: 100%; + margin-top: 0em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + border: solid black; + height: 5px; } + pre {font-size: 85%; } + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1 class="pg">The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Letters of Queen Victoria, Volume III (of +3), 1854-1861, by Queen of Great Britain Victoria, Edited by Arthur +Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: The Letters of Queen Victoria, Volume III (of 3), 1854-1861</p> +<p> A Selection from Her Majesty's Correspondence between the Years 1837 and 1861</p> +<p>Author: Queen of Great Britain Victoria</p> +<p>Editor: Arthur Christopher Benson and Viscount Reginald Baliol Brett Esher</p> +<p>Release Date: May 3, 2009 [eBook #28649]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LETTERS OF QUEEN VICTORIA, VOLUME III (OF 3), 1854-1861***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3 class="pg">E-text prepared by Paul Murray<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> +<p> </p> + <table align="center" summary="note" style="margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 2em;"> +<tr><td class="note1"> +<p> +The original pageheadings have been retained, and moved to appropriate +positions in the right-hand margin close to the text to which they refer, +so as not to interrupt the flow of the text. </p> +<p> +Likewise, footnotes have been moved to the end of the appropriate letter, or the +appropriate paragraph in the case of longer passages of text. </p> +<p> +Only footnotes in longer letters or passages of text, or those that refer to earlier +or later letters etc., are linked.</p> +<p> +Initial letters are spaced as in the original, i.e., personal initials: spaced; +academic initials: unspaced.</p> + +<p>Index: + +Page numbers have been adjusted to allow for the re-positioning of footnotes. +Other obvious page numbering errors have been repaired.</p> + +<p>The index of this three-volume work is in this volume, with links to +all three volumes; and some footnotes are linked between volumes. +These links are designed to work when the book is read on line. For +information on the downloading of all three interlinked volumes so +that the links work on your own computer, see the +<a name="tn" id="tn"></a><a href="#tntag">Transcriber's Note</a> +at the end of this book. The Transcriber's note also contains additional +information on corrections made. +</p> +</td></tr></table> + +<h3>Links to</h3> +<h3><a href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm">Volume I</a></h3> +<h3><a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm">Volume II</a></h3> + +<p> </p> +<hr class="pg" /> +<p> </p> + + <a name="frontisiii" id="frontisiii"></a> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"><a href="images/0001-1400.png"><img src="images/0001-600.png" width="600" height="414" alt="H.M. QUEEN VICTORIA, H.R.H. THE PRINCE CONSORT, AND CHILDREN" border="0" /></a> +<p class="center">H.M. QUEEN VICTORIA, H.R.H. THE PRINCE CONSORT, AND CHILDREN</p> + +<p class="center">From the picture by F. Winterhalter at Buckingham Palace</p> + +<p class="author" style="margin-bottom: 5em;"><i>Frontispiece, Vol. III.</i></p> +</div> + + + + +<h1 style="font-size: 3.5em;">THE LETTERS OF<br /> +QUEEN VICTORIA</h1> + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 2em;"><span style="letter-spacing: 2px;">A SELECTION FROM HER MAJESTY'S</span><br /> +CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE YEARS<br /> +1837 <span class="sc">and</span> 1861</h2> + + + +<h3 style="margin-bottom: 0;">PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY OF</h3> +<h2 style="margin-top: 0;">HIS MAJESTY THE KING</h2> + + +<h3>EDITED BY ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER BENSON, M.A.<br /> +AND VISCOUNT ESHER, G.C.V.O., K.C.B.</h3> + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 3em;">IN THREE VOLUMES</h3> + + +<h3>VOL. III.—1854-1861</h3> + + +<h4 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 0;">LONDON</h4> +<h3 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, W.</h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: 0;">1908</h4> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 5em;"><i>Copyright in Great Britain and Dependencies, 1907, by</i> +<span class="sc">H.M. The King</span>.</h5> + +<h5><i>In the United States by</i> Messrs <span class="sc">Longmans, Green & Co.</span></h5> + +<h6><i>All rights reserved.</i></h6> + + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.iii" id="pageiii.iii"></a>[page iii]</span> + + + +<h1 style="margin-top: 5em;">TABLE OF CONTENTS </h1> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> + <td><h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.1">CHAPTER XXIII</a></h3> + <h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1854</h4> + </td><td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%">PAGES</td> + </tr> + <tr> +<td><span class="outdent"> +The Eastern Question</span>—Attack on the Prince—The French +alliance—The Orleans family—The Reform Bill—The +Baltic command—The British ultimatum—Departure +of the Guards—War declared—Cabinet dissensions—Austrian +interests—The Sultan—Prussian policy—Marshal +St Arnaud—Invasion of the Principalities—Separation +of Departments—The Russian loan—Debates +on the War—Prince Albert and the Emperor +Napoleon—The Crimea—Battle of the Alma—Maharajah +Dhuleep Singh—Attack on Sebastopol—Battle +of Inkerman—Death of Sir G. Cathcart—A hurricane—Lord +John Russell and the Premiership—Miss +Nightingale's mission</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.1">1-62</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.63">CHAPTER XXIV</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1855</h4> +<span class="outdent">Peace proposals</span>—The Four Points—Offer of the Garter +to the Premier—Sufferings of the troops in the Crimea—Resignation +of Lord John—The Queen's disapproval—Lord +Palmerston as Leader—The Ministry +defeated—Lord Derby sent for—Lord Palmerston and +the Leadership—Lord Derby's failure—Lord Lansdowne +consulted—Lord John sent for—Disappointment +of Lord John—Lord Palmerston to be Premier—Intervention +of Lord Aberdeen—The new Cabinet—The +Vienna Conference—Resignation of the Peelites—Death +of the Czar—Lord Panmure at the War Office—Negotiations +at Vienna—Visit of the Emperor—Russia +and the Black Sea—Estimate of the Emperor—Retirement +of Canrobert—Death of Lord Raglan—General +Simpson in command—Lord John resigns—Battle +of the Tchernaya—Visit to Paris—At the tomb +of Bonaparte—Fall of Sebastopol—Life Peerages—Prince +Frederick William of Prussia—Offer to Lord +Stanley—France and Austria—Visit of the King of +Sardinia</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.63">63-157</a></td> +</tr> +</table> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.iv" id="pageiii.iv"></a>[page iv]</span> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.158">CHAPTER XXV</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1856</h4> +<span class="outdent">The Conference</span>—The Queen's determination—Russia +accepts the terms—Sardinia and the Conference—Protection +of neutrals—The Crimean enquiry—Incorporation +of Oudh—Canning succeeds Dalhousie—Unclouded +horizon in India—Future of the Principalities—Birth +of the Prince Imperial—The Princess +Royal—The Treaty of Paris—End of the War—Garter +for Lord Palmerston—The Title of Prince Consort—Position +of the Queen's husband—Retirement of +Lord Hardinge—Appointment of the Duke of Cambridge—Lord +Granville's mission—Coronation of the +Czar—A Royal proposal—Russian procrastination—Death +of Lord Hardinge—The Archduke Maximilian—Affair +of Neuchâtel—Death of Prince Charles of +Leiningen—Dispute with the United States +</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.158">158-222</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.223">CHAPTER XXVI</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1857</h4> +<span class="outdent">The China War</span>—Position of Parties—Defeat of the +Government—The General Election—The Divorce +Bill—Betrothal of Princess Charlotte of Belgium—The +Indian Mutiny—Delhi—Cawnpore—Marriage of +Princess Charlotte—Visit of the Emperor Napoleon—Death +of Sir Henry Lawrence—Condition of Lucknow—Sir +Colin Campbell—Reinforcement of Lucknow—Death +of the Duchesse de Nemours—Crisis in the City—Future +Government of India—Clemency of Lord +Canning—Death of Havelock</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.223">223-260</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + <table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.261">CHAPTER XXVII</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1858</h4> +<span class="outdent">Marriage of Princess Royal</span>—The Orsini <i>attentat</i>—The Conspiracy +Bill—Resignation of the Government—Lord +Derby summoned—The new Cabinet—Trial of Bernard—The +Emperor and the Carbonari—Capture of +Lucknow—Confirmation of the Prince of Wales—The +second India Bill—The Oudh Proclamation—Lord +Ellenborough's despatch—A crisis—Lord Derby's +despatch—Lord Aberdeen consulted—Prerogative of +Dissolution—Collapse of the attack—Views of Sir +James Outram—Offer to Mr Gladstone—Purification +of the Thames—Visit to Cherbourg—British Columbia—The +Ionian Islands—The Princess Royal in Prussia +The India Office—Lord Canning's Proclamation—Napoleon +and Italy +</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.261">261-306</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.v" id="pageiii.v"></a>[page v]</span> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.307">CHAPTER XXVIII</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1859</h4> +<span class="outdent">The Emperor Napoleon and M. Hübner</span>—Attitude of the +Pope—Northern Italy—The Queen's first grandchild—Advice +to the Emperor Napoleon—Meeting of +Parliament—The Indian forces—The Prince of Wales +at Rome—Advice to Emperor of Austria—Mission of +Lord Cowley—Question of a Conference—The summons +to Sardinia—Revolution in the Duchies—The compact +of Plombières—The general election—Policy of the +Emperor Napoleon—Meeting a new Parliament—Question +of neutrality—Debate on the Address—The +Ministry defeated—The Garter for Lord Derby—Lord +Granville summoned—The rival leaders—Lord +Palmerston Premier—Offer to Mr Cobden—India +pacified—Victory of the French—The Emperor +Napoleon's appeal—End of the War—Ascendancy of +France—Views of the Pope—Cavour's disappointment—Meeting +of the Emperors—The provisions of Villafranca—Italian +policy—Sardinia and Central Italy—The +Emperor Napoleon and Lord Palmerston—Invitation +from President Buchanan—Pro-Italian Ministers—Objections +to Sir J. Hudson—Divorce Court reports</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.307">307-378</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.379">CHAPTER XXIX</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1860</h4> +<span class="outdent">The Emperor Napoleon's pamphlet,</span> <i>The Pope and the Congress</i>—Annexation +of Savoy—Meeting of Parliament—Sardinian +designs—Mr Gladstone's Budget—Scene +at the Tuileries—The Emperor and Lord Cowley—The +Swiss protest—Death of Prince Hohenlohe—The +Indian Civil Service—The Paper Duties—The Lords +and Money Bills—Mr Gladstone and resignation—The +Prince of Wales's tour—The Volunteer Review—Flight +of the King of Naples—The King's appeal to +Queen Victoria—Tour of Prince Alfred—Sardinia and +Naples—The Empress of Austria—Betrothal of +Princess Alice—Episcopal appointments—Visit of the +Empress Eugénie</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.379">379-419</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<h3 style="margin-top: 2em;"><a class="contents" href="#pageiii.420">CHAPTER XXX</a></h3> +<h4 style="margin-top: -1em;">1861</h4> +<span class="outdent">Conservative overtures to Lord Palmerston</span>—Illness of +King of Prussia—His death—The absorption of +Naples—Garter for new King of Prussia—The Provostship +of Eton—Lord John and Garibaldi—Death +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.vi" id="pageiii.vi"></a>[page vi]</span> +of Duchess of Kent—Bereavement—The war in +America—Recognition of the South—Death of Cavour—Death +of Lord Campbell—The new Foreign Office—Earldom +for Lord John Russell—Swedish politics—The +Emperor Napoleon's aims—At Frogmore—Visit +to Ireland—Tranquillity of Ireland—The Orleans +Princes—The Prussian Coronation—Fêtes at Berlin—<i>The +Times</i> and Prussia—Death of King of Portugal—The +affair of the <i>Trent</i>—The Compiègne interview—An +ultimatum—The Prince's last letter—Illness of the +Prince—The Crisis—Sympathy—Bereavement—Death +of Lady Canning—A noble resolve—Comfort +and hope +</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.420">420-478</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table summary="contents" align="center" width="90%"> + <tr> +<td> +<p style="margin-top: 2em;"><span class="outdent">INDEX</span></p> +</td> +<td class="right" valign="bottom" width="10%"><a href="#pageiii.479">479-520</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + + + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.vii" id="pageiii.vii"></a>[page vii]</span> + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 3em;">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h3> + + +<table summary="illustrations" align="center" width="80%"> +<tr> +<td width="75%" class="illus"><span class="outdent1"><a class="contents" href="#frontisiii"><span class="sc">H.M. Queen Victoria, H.R.H. the Prince Consort, + and Children.</span></a></span><br /> +<i>From the picture by F. Winterhalter at Buckingham Palace</i> +</td> +<td class="right"><a href="#frontisiii"><i>Frontispiece</i></a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="illus"><span class="outdent1"><a class="contents" href="#illusiii.1"><span class="sc">H.M. Eugénie, Empress of the French.</span></a></span><br /> +<i>From a miniature by Sir W. K. Ross at Windsor Castle</i> +</td> +<td class="right"><i>Facing p. </i> <a href="#illusiii.1">120</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="illus"><span class="outdent1"><a class="contents" href="#illusiii.2"><span class="sc">Viscount Palmerston, K.G.</span></a></span><br /> +<i>From the drawing by + Sir George Richmond, R.A., in the possession of + the Earl of Carnwath</i> +</td> +<td class="right"><i>Facing p.</i> <a href="#illusiii.2">232</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="illus"><span class="outdent1"><a class="contents" href="#illusiii.3"><span class="sc">H.R.H. The Prince of Wales.</span></a></span><br /> +<i>From a drawing by F. Winterhalter, 1859</i> +</td> +<td class="right"><i>Facing p.</i> <a href="#illusiii.3">320</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="illus"><span class="outdent1"><a class="contents" href="#illusiii.4"> <span class="sc">H.R.H. The Prince Consort, 1861.</span></a></span><br /> + <i>From the picture by Smith, after Corbould, at Buckingham Palace</i> +</td> +<td class="right"><i>Facing p.</i> <a href="#illusiii.4">472</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" style="margin-top: 2em;" /> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.1" id="pageiii.1"></a>[page 1]</span> + + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXIII</h3> + + +<p>At the meeting of Parliament, on the 31st of January 1854, the +Ministry were able triumphantly to refute the charge of illegitimate +interference in State affairs which had been made by a section of the +Press against Prince Albert; they were, however, severely attacked +for not acting with greater vigour in Eastern affairs. In February, +the Russian Ambassador left London, the Guards were despatched +to the East, and the Russian Government was peremptorily called +upon by Great Britain and France to evacuate the Principalities. +The Peace Party, Bright, Cobden, and others, were active, but +unheeded; the Society of Friends sending a pacific but futile deputation +to the Czar. In March, the demand for evacuation being +disregarded, war was declared, and a treaty of alliance signed between +England and France; Lord Raglan and Marshal St Arnaud +were appointed to command the respective armies, Vice-Admiral +Sir James Dundas and Sir Charles Napier having command of the +Mediterranean and Baltic Fleets respectively. The attitude of +Austria was ambiguous, and, after England and France were committed +to war, she contracted an offensive and defensive alliance +with Prussia, each country engaging to make limited preparations +for war. At home, with a view to greater efficiency, the duties of +the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, till then united in a +single Secretaryship, were divided, the Duke of Newcastle assuming +the former office, while Sir George Grey became Colonial Secretary; +Lord John Russell also resumed office as President of the Council. +The Russians were unsuccessful in their operations against the Turks, +notably at Silistria and Giurgevo, while, as the summer advanced, +public opinion in support of an invasion of the Crimea rose steadily, +the <i>Times</i> indicated the taking of Sebastopol as indispensable, and +Lord Aberdeen's hand was forced. On the 28th of June, the Cabinet +sanctioned a despatch to Lord Raglan, urging (almost to the point of +directing) an immediate attack upon Sebastopol; the French Emperor +was in favour of the plan, though both Commanders-in-Chief +entertained doubt as to whether it was immediately feasible. On the +7th of September, the allied forces (58,000 strong) sailed from Varna, +a landing being effected a few days later at Old Fort, near Eupatoria; +at about the same time an important interview took place at Boulogne +between Prince Albert and the Emperor Napoleon. The signal +victory at the Alma, on the 20th of September, was followed by the +death of St Arnaud, and the appointment of Canrobert as his successor. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.2" id="pageiii.2"></a>[page 2]</span> +Decisive successes were next obtained at Balaklava on the +25th of October, and at Inkerman on the 5th of November; but on +the 14th a fierce gale did immense damage to life and property, both +at Balaklava and on the sea. Meanwhile, indignation at home was +aroused by the tidings of the breakdown of the commissariat and +transport departments, and the deplorable state of the hospitals; +Miss Florence Nightingale, who had sailed from England with a +number of nurses, arrived at Scutari early in November, and proceeded +to remedy deficiencies as far as possible; while Lord John +Russell vainly urged on the Premier the substitution of Lord Palmerston +for the Duke of Newcastle as Secretary for War. Sir Charles +Napier, who, previously to his departure with the Baltic Fleet, had +been fêted at the Reform Club, and extravagantly lauded by Cabinet +Ministers, was by the month of October engaged in a recriminatory +correspondence with the First Lord of the Admiralty. At about the +same time the Patriotic Fund was established under the presidency of +Prince Albert.</p> + +<p>In Parliament, the last vestige of the old Navigation System, +limiting the coasting trade to British ships, was repealed, and a Bill +also passed for preventing corrupt practices at elections. Owing to +the war, the Reform Bill was withdrawn, Lord John Russell, on +announcing the fact in Parliament, being overcome, and giving way +to tears. In the short session, which took place during the latter +half of December, a Foreign Enlistment Act was passed, providing +for a force of 10,000 foreigners, to be drilled in this country.</p> + +<p>The Exhibition Building, which had been constructed in Hyde +Park in 1851, and had been re-erected at Sydenham, was opened with +great ceremony by the Queen, and was henceforth known as the +Crystal Palace.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.3" id="pageiii.3"></a>[page 3]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXIII</h2> + +<h5>1854</h5> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>6th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Lord Aberdeen</span> presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He cannot wonder at the indignation expressed by your +Majesty at the base and infamous attacks made upon the Prince +during the last two or three weeks in some of the daily papers.<sup>1</sup> +They are chiefly to be found in those papers which represent +ultra-Tory or extreme Radical opinions; but they are not +sanctioned by the most respectable portion of the Press. +Lord Aberdeen has received some information respecting the +origin of these attacks; but it is vague and uncertain. At +all events he believes that your Majesty may safely make yourself +at ease upon the subject, as he is satisfied that these hostile +feelings are shared by few. It is much to be desired that some +notice of the subject may be taken in Parliament, when, by +being treated in a proper manner, it may be effectually stopped. +Lord Aberdeen has spoken to Lord John Russell, who will be +quite prepared to moot it in the House of Commons.</p> + +<p class="ind">It cannot be denied that the position of the Prince is somewhat +anomalous, and has not been specially provided for by +the Constitution; but the ties of Nature, and the dictates +of common sense are more powerful than Constitutional +fictions; and Lord Aberdeen can only say that he has always +considered it an inestimable blessing that your Majesty should +possess so able, so zealous, and so disinterested an adviser. +It is true that your Ministers are alone responsible for the +conduct of public affairs, and although there is no man in +England whose opinion Lord Aberdeen would more highly +respect and value, still if he had the misfortune of differing +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.4" id="pageiii.4"></a>[page 4]</span> +from His Royal Highness, he would not hesitate to act according +to his own convictions, and a sense of what was due to your +Majesty's service.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Prince has now been so long before the eyes of the whole +country, his conduct so invariably devoted to the public good, +and his life so perfectly inattackable, that Lord Aberdeen +has not the slightest apprehension of any serious consequences +arising from these contemptible exhibitions of malevolence +and faction.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty will graciously pardon Lord Aberdeen for +writing thus plainly; but there are occasions on which he +almost forgets your Majesty's station, and only remembers +those feelings which are common to all ranks of mankind.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: A section of the Press, favourable to Lord Palmerston, had insinuated that his resignation +was due to "an influence behind the throne." Similar attacks were made by +other journals, and not abandoned upon Lord Palmerston's re-admission to the Cabinet: +the most extravagant charges of improper interference in State affairs were made against +the Prince, and it was even rumoured that he had been impeached for high treason and +committed to the Tower! The cartoons in <i>Punch</i> usually present a faithful reflection +of current popular opinion, and in one of them the Prince was depicted as skating, in +defiance of warning, over dangerous ice. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PERSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Clarendon for his letter just received +with the enclosures.</p> + +<p class="ind">As the proposed answer to the Emperor contains perhaps +necessarily only a repetition of what the Queen wrote in her +former letter,<sup>2</sup> she inclines to the opinion that it will be best +to defer any answer for the present—the more so, as a moment +might possibly arrive when it would be of advantage to be +able to write and to refer to the Emperor's last letter.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the Persian Expedition<sup>3</sup> the Queen will not +object to it—as the Cabinet appears to have fully considered +the matter, but she must say that she does not much like it +in a moral point of view. We are just putting the Emperor of +Russia under the ban for trying "to bring the Sultan to his +senses" by the occupation of part of his territory after a +diplomatic rupture, and are now going to do exactly the same +thing to the Shah of Persia!</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 2: See <i>ante</i>, vol. ii, pp. +<a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.460" style="font-weight: normal;">460</a>, +<a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.461" style="font-weight: normal;">461</a>, +<a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.464" style="font-weight: normal;">464</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 3: Under the belief that Persia had declared war against Turkey, and that diplomatic +relations between England and Persia were suspended, the Cabinet had agreed upon the +occupation of the Island of Karak by a British force. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>9th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—I wrote you a most abominable +scrawl on Friday, and think myself justified in boring you +with a few words to-day.</p> + +<p class="ind">The plot is thickening in every direction, and we may +expect a great confusion. The dear old Duke used to say +"You cannot have a little war." The great politicians of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.5" id="pageiii.5"></a>[page 5]</span> +Press think differently. The Duke told me also once: "At +the place where you are you will always have the power to +force people to go to war." I have used that power to <i>avoid</i> +complications, and I still think, blessed are the peacemakers.</p> + +<p class="ind">How the Emperor could get himself and everybody else into +this infernal scrape is quite incomprehensible; the more so as +I remain convinced that he did not aim at conquest. We have +very mild weather, and though you liked the cold, still for +every purpose we must prefer warmth. Many hundred boats +with coal are frozen up, and I am told that near two hundred +ships are wanting to arrive at Antwerp....</p> + +<p class="ind">I am much plagued also by little parliamentary nonsense +of our own here, a storm in a bottle; this is the way of human +kind, and in such cases it always pleases me to think that I am +not bound to be always their working slave, and I cast a sly +look at my beautiful villa on the Lake of Como, <i>quite furnished</i>.... My +beloved Victoria. Your devoted Uncle.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PRESS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>13th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—I grieve to see how unjustly you +are plagued, and how wonderfully untrue and passionate are +the attacks of part of the Press. Abuse is somewhat the <i>staff +of life in England</i>, everything, everybody is to be abused; it is +a pity, as nothing more unproductive as this everlasting abuse +can well be imagined. As nothing ever gave the slightest +opening to this abuse, it is to be hoped that it will be soon got +over—the meeting of Parliament will now do good in this +respect. As far as your few continental relations are concerned, +I don't think they will be able to fix anything upon +your faithful servant. I have done England at all times +good services, in the sense of her best interests. I hold a +position of great geographical importance for England, just +opposite the mouth of the Thames. Successes of vanity I am +never fishing for in England, nor anywhere else. The only +influence I may exercise is to prevent mischief where I can, +which occasionally succeeds; if war can be avoided, and the +same ends obtained, it is natural <i>that</i> <span class="sc">that</span> <i>should be tried +first</i>. +Many English superficial newspaper politicians imagine that +threatening is the thing—I believe it the worst of all systems. +The Emperor Nicholas and Menschikoff wanted by threatening +the Turks to get certain things, and they have by that means +got a very troublesome and expensive affair on their hands. +I wish England too well to like to see it, but one of these days +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.6" id="pageiii.6"></a>[page 6]</span> +they will get into some scrape in the same way. The foolish +accusation that we are doing all we can to break up the French +Alliance is certainly the <i>most absurd of all</i>; if anything can be +for our local advantage, it is to see England and France closely +allied, and for a long period—for ever I should say....</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE FRENCH ALLIANCE</span> +<p class="ind">I have heard, and that from the Prussian Quarter, that +great efforts are making on the part of Russia, to <i>gain over</i> +Louis Napoleon. I understand, however, that though Louis +Napoleon is <i>not</i> anxious for war, that his opinion is favourable +to the continuation of a good understanding with England. +That it should be so is, I must say, highly desirable. The +poor Orleans will be grieved and hurt by all these things. The +death of the child of the poor Queen of Spain will not be a +favourable omen for Spain.<sup>4</sup>...</p> + +<p class="ind">With my best love to Albert. Believe me ever, my beloved +Victoria, your truly devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 4: A daughter had been born to the Queen of Spain on the 5th of January, and lived +only three days. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ORLEANS FAMILY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>16th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends the answer she has this morning received +from the Duc de Nemours, which she hopes is on the whole +satisfactory as regards the reported visit of the Count de +Chambord.<sup>5</sup> The Duke does not see in so strong a light as <i>we</i> +do, the danger of even the <i>report</i> being believed—probably +from living so much out of the world as he does. What would +Lord Aberdeen wish her to do farther, and what does he think +can be done in the way of contradiction? The Queen wishes +likewise to have Lord Aberdeen's opinion and advice on the +following subjects. He knows that we have invariably received +the poor Orleans family (in particular our own near relations, +the Nemours) from time to time <i>here</i> and in London, and that +the Queen has <i>always</i> from the first year done this <i>openly</i> but +<i>unostentatiously</i>. It is by <i>no means</i> her intention to change her +conduct in this respect—but since the great noise caused by +the "fusion" she thought it better <i>not</i> to invite the Nemours +either to Osborne or here, hoping that by <i>this time</i> these tiresome +rumours would have ceased. They have not, however, +and we think that perhaps it would be wiser <i>not</i> to see them +here, <i>at any rate</i> till after the meeting of Parliament, though +it is very painful to the Queen to hurt their feelings by apparent +neglect. Is Lord Aberdeen of this opinion, and does he think +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.7" id="pageiii.7"></a>[page 7]</span> +that it will <i>not</i> be misconstrued into an <i>admission</i> of having +encouraged <i>intrigues</i> or of <i>submission</i> to the will and pleasure +of Louis Napoleon?</p> + +<p class="ind">For the Queen would never submit to such an accusation, +nor would she continue (after the excitement is past) to exclude +these poor exiles from occasional visits—which have been +paid and received ever since <i>'48</i>, and which would be unworthy +and ungenerous conduct.</p> + +<p class="ind">Likewise does Lord Aberdeen think that a morning visit to +the Duchess of Aumale to enquire after her health would be +imprudent?</p> + +<p class="ind">It goes much against the Queen's feelings of generosity and +kindness to neglect the poor exiles as she has done this winter, +but the present moment is one of <i>unparalleled</i> excitement and +of great political importance, which requires great prudence and +circumspection. There is an admirable article in the <i>Morning +Chronicle</i> of to-day, taking quite the <i>right line</i> upon the +infamous and <i>now</i> almost ridiculous attacks on the <i>Queen</i> +and Prince. Has Lord Aberdeen any idea who could have +written it?</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends a letter she had received from her Uncle, +which may amuse and interest him. To make the statement +of the Queen's intercourse with the Orleans family quite +clear, she should add, that when the family visit the Queen +or she visits them, that it is put into the Court Circular, and +this of course gets copied into country papers and foreign +papers; but after consideration the Queen thought this the +wiser course, for with all the spies who are no doubt about—if +this were not done, and the Queen's visits and <i>vice versâ</i> +were suppressed and <i>yet</i> found out—it would give them an air +of <i>mystery</i> which is just what we wish to avoid.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 5: Son of the Duc de Berri, and known formerly as the Duc de Bordeaux. (See <i>ante</i>, +<a href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.495" style="font-weight: normal;">vol. i. p. 495</a>.) The Duc de Nemours denied all knowledge of the rumoured visit, and +thought its importance had been exaggerated. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>17th January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">... With respect to your Majesty's custom of seeing the +French Royal Family, Lord Aberdeen humbly thinks that +there is no good reason for making any change. It has always +taken place without parade or ostentation; and knowing, as +Lord Aberdeen does, that no political object is in view, he +would feel ashamed to advise your Majesty to do anything +at variance with that sympathy which your Majesty has been +careful to keep within the bounds of prudence and moderation....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen hopes that he may venture to congratulate +your Majesty on the commencement of a change with respect +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.8" id="pageiii.8"></a>[page 8]</span> +to the newspaper attacks upon the Prince. He observed +the article, to which your Majesty refers, in the <i>Morning +Chronicle</i> of yesterday; and he believes he may certainly say +that it was written by Mr Gladstone, although he would not +wish it to be known. There was also a very sensible letter in +the <i>Standard</i> of last night, signed D. C. L. This is the signature +always assumed by Mr Alexander Hope,<sup>6</sup> in his contributions +to the Press, and Lord Aberdeen does not doubt that it +is written by him. It is only a wonder to find it in such a +quarter; and it shows some disposition on the part of that +scurrilous paper to alter its course. There is perhaps no great +objection to the papers dealing with the subject as they think +proper, before the meeting of Parliament, provided the <i>Times</i> +takes no part at present; for as this paper is supposed to be +influenced by the Government, this belief would injure the +effect of anything that might appear in its columns.<sup>7</sup>...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 6: Mr. A. J. Hope (afterwards Beresford-Hope), at this time out of Parliament, had +written over the signature "D.C.L." a series of letters to the Press on the Papal claims.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 7: On the re-assembling of Parliament, the charges against the Prince were at once +refuted by the Prime Minister and Lord John Russell; and his right to assist the Queen +completely established by those Ministers, with the concurrence of Lord Derby and Mr +Walpole, on behalf of the Opposition, and Lord Campbell, the Chief Justice of the Queen's +Bench. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE REFORM BILL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>21st January 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter of the +19th, and the Bill as now agreed upon by the Cabinet, which +she hopes may meet the wishes of the Country and pass into +law.<sup>8</sup> From what she understands the chief argument used +in opposition to the measure will be, that corruption and bribery +is the evil which the Country really complains of, and not an +unequal distribution of the representation, and that a new +distribution or even extension of the franchise will not touch +the evil, and may be said perhaps in some instances to tend +towards increasing it. The success of the measure will therefore, +she concludes, in some degree depend upon the Bribery +Bills which will accompany it. How far are these advanced? +and what expectation has Lord John Russell of succeeding in +framing such a measure as would remove that ground of +objection to the Reform Bill?</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: Notwithstanding the impending war, the Government considered itself bound in +honour to bring in a Reform Bill. Lord Palmerston and his special supporters were +opposed to the project, but the measure was brought forward on the 13th of February. +After a chequered career it was withdrawn. The Bill for the prevention of corrupt +practices at elections was introduced on the 10th of February, and after many vicissitudes +and several Ministerial defeats in the Commons as well as in the Lords, it was, in a modified +form, carried. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.9" id="pageiii.9"></a>[page 9]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Gladstone.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must apologise for having kept the enclosed +papers so long, and in now sending them back she does so +without feeling sure in her mind that she could with safety +sanction Mr Gladstone's new and important proposal.<sup>9</sup> The +change it implies will be very great in principle and irretrievable, +and the Queen must say that Lord John Russell's apprehensions +as to the spirit it is likely to engender amongst the future civil +servants of the Crown have excited a similar feeling in her mind. +Where is moreover the application of the principle of public +competition to stop, if once established? and must not those +offices which are to be exempted from it necessarily degrade +the persons appointed to them in public estimation?</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: Mr Gladstone had written on the 26th of January on the subject of competitive +examinations for the Civil Service; in reply to the Queen's letter, he referred to the +discontent existing in the Service with the system of appointment by favour, and of +promotion by seniority alone. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Sir James Graham to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BALTIC COMMAND</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Admiralty</span>, <i>9th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Sir James Graham, with humble duty, begs to lay before +your Majesty certain important considerations which were discussed +at the Cabinet yesterday with respect to the selection of +a Commander-in-Chief for the Fleet about to be appointed for +Service in the Baltic.<sup>10</sup>...</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Dundonald<sup>11</sup> is seventy-nine years of age; and though +his energies and faculties are unbroken, and though, with his +accustomed courage, he volunteers for the Service, yet, on the +whole, there is reason to apprehend that he might deeply commit +the Force under his command in some desperate enterprise, +where the chances of success would not countervail the risk of +failure and of the fatal consequences, which might ensue. Age +has not abated the adventurous spirit of this gallant officer, +which no authority could restrain; and being uncontrollable +it might lead to most unfortunate results. The Cabinet, on the +most careful review of the entire question, decided that the +appointment of Lord Dundonald was not expedient....</p> +<span class="rightnote">SIR CHARLES NAPIER</span> +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Napier is an excellent seaman, and combines +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.10" id="pageiii.10"></a>[page 10]</span> +boldness with discretion.<sup>12</sup> He has served in large squadrons, +and he has commanded them. As a Second, he may not have +been submissive; as a Chief, he has been successful in command. +His appointment will give confidence both to officers +and men; and his name is not unknown both to enemies and +allies. If he has the faults of his family, he is not without their +virtues; courage, genius, love of country are not wanting; +and the weighty responsibilities of high command, without +oppressing him, would give steadiness to his demeanour.</p> + +<p class="ind">He behaved ill to Lord John Russell and to Sir Francis +Baring; and on shore he has given just cause of complaint; +but at sea and in command he is a different person; and Lord +John Russell in the Cabinet yesterday, regardless of all former +displeasure, pronounced an opinion favourable to the appointment +of Sir Charles Napier. Lord Aberdeen, also, together +with the entire Cabinet, came to the same conclusion; and Sir +James Graham on their behalf, and in concurrence with his own +opinion, ventures to ask the permission of your Majesty to +appoint Sir Charles Napier to this important Naval command.<sup>13</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty's dutiful +Subject and Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. R. G. Graham.</span></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 10: War had not yet been declared, but the Russian Ambassador left London on the 7th +of February, and Sir Hamilton Seymour was recalled from St Petersburg on the same +day.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 11: This was the Lord Cochrane who had been unjustly convicted in 1814, under the +direction of Lord Ellenborough, Chief Justice, of conspiracy to defraud. His naval +honours were restored to him in 1832. He is said to have stipulated, on this occasion, +that he should be allowed to destroy Cronstadt by a chemical process invented by himself.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 12: He had had a long naval career. In 1833 he commanded the Portuguese Fleet for +Donna Maria, and won a small engagement against Dom Miguel. He was "not submissive" +at Beyrout, where, having command of the land forces, and being told to retire +and hand over the command, he advanced and won a victory, resulting in the evacuation +of the city. He also disobeyed orders at Acre.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 13: The inadequate results of an appointment which promised so well are described in +Parker's <i>Sir James Graham</i>, vol. ii. pp. <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229" style="font-weight: normal;">229</a> <i>et seq</i>. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Gladstone.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>17th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Mr Gladstone's letter and memorandum, +and had heard from the Prince the further explanation of +the grounds upon which he, Mr Gladstone, thinks the new +regulations respecting the Civil Service necessary. The Queen, +although not without considerable misgivings, sanctions the +proposed plan, trusting that Mr Gladstone will do what he can, +in the arrangements of the details of it, to guard against the +dangers, which she has pointed out in her former letter and +through the Prince when he saw Mr Gladstone. A check, for +instance, would be necessary upon the admission of candidates +to compete for employment, securing that they should be +otherwise eligible, besides the display of knowledge which they +may exhibit under examination. Without this a young man +might be very ineligible, and still after having been proclaimed +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.11" id="pageiii.11"></a>[page 11]</span> +to the world as first in ability, it would require very strong +evidence of misconduct to justify his exclusion by the Government.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Gladstone to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>17th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer presents his humble duty +to your Majesty, and has the honour to acknowledge your +Majesty's gracious letter.</p> + +<p class="ind">He takes blame to himself for having caused your Majesty +trouble by omitting to include in his short memorandum an +explanation of the phrase "qualified persons."</p> + +<p class="ind">Experience at the universities and public schools of this +country has shown that in a large majority of cases the test of +open examination is also an effectual test of character; as, +except in very remarkable cases, the previous industry and +self-denial, which proficiency evinces, are rarely separated from +general habits of virtue.</p> + +<p class="ind">But he humbly assures your Majesty that the utmost pains +will be taken to provide not only for the majority but for all +cases, by the strictest enquiries of which the case will admit; +and he has the most confident belief that the securities for +character under the system, although they cannot be unerring, +will be stronger and more trustworthy than any of which the +present method of appointment is susceptible.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... War is, I fear, <i>quite</i> inevitable. +You will have seen that the Emperor Nicholas has not given a +favourable answer to <i>our Brother</i> Napoleon (which I hear has +disappointed him extremely, as he expected very great results +from it); and the last proposals or attempts made by Buol<sup>14</sup> +it is to be hoped will not be accepted by Russia, for France +and England could <i>not</i> accept them; but if Austria and +Prussia go with us—as we hope they will—the War will only +be a local one. Our beautiful Guards sail to-morrow. Albert +inspected them yesterday. George is quite delighted to have +a division....</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now conclude, with Albert's affectionate love. Believe +me always, your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 14: Austrian Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.12" id="pageiii.12"></a>[page 12]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BRITISH ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>24th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must write to Lord Aberdeen on a subject which +at this moment appears to her of paramount importance—viz., +the augmentation of the Army. The ten thousand men by +which it has been ordered to be augmented can hardly be considered +to have brought it up to more than an improved <span class="sc">Peace</span> +<i>establishment</i>, such as we have often had during profound peace +in Europe; but even these ten thousand men are not yet +obtained. We have nearly pledged ourselves to sending twenty-five +thousand men to the East, and this pledge will have to be +redeemed. To keep even such a force up in the field will require +a strong, available reserve at home, of which we shall be quite +denuded. But we are going to make war upon Russia! +encouraging Austria and Prussia to do so likewise, whereby we +assume a moral obligation not to leave them without assistance. +We engage in a War which may assume in its course a totally +different character from that of its beginning. Who can say +it is impossible that our own shores may be threatened by +powers now in alliance with us? We are powerless for offence +or defence without a <i>trained</i> Army; to obtain this will require +considerable time. The Queen must, therefore, urge Lord +Aberdeen to consider with the Cabinet whether it will not be +essential to augment the Army at once, and by at least thirty +thousand men. Considerations of home policy make this also +advisable; the country is eager for War at this moment, and +ready to grant men and money. It will be a great facility +hereafter to have obtained what is most needed at first. If +the force should finally not be wanted, retrenchments may very +easily be made. The Crown should at least have the power of +raising the men without the necessity for further application to +Parliament.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BRITISH ULTIMATUM</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>26th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen, with his humble duty, begs to inform your +Majesty that another Cabinet was held to-day, in order to +consider the draft of a letter which it is proposed that Lord +Clarendon should address to Count Nesselrode, and in which +he should summon the Russian Government to evacuate +the Principalities. The messenger will be directed to wait +six days for an answer, and the British Government will +consider the refusal or the silence of Count Nesselrode as +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.13" id="pageiii.13"></a>[page 13]</span> +equivalent to a declaration of War, and proceed to act +accordingly.<sup>15</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">An assurance has been received, in general terms, of the +intention of Austria to support this demand; and a telegraphic +message has been sent to Vienna with a desire to know whether +the Austrian Government will join in this summons, or in what +manner support will be given.<sup>16</sup> No answer has yet been received, +and Lord Aberdeen would think it right not to make the +summons until Austria has declared her intention; but the +Cabinet appears to desire that the letter should be sent to-morrow +evening.</p> + +<p class="ind">The period fixed for the complete evacuation of the Principalities +is the 30th of April.</p> + +<p class="ind">As it cannot be supposed that the Emperor of Russia will +listen to such a demand as this, immediate hostilities must be +expected, with all their consequences.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: This summons to evacuate the Principalities, and an ultimatum to a similar purport +from Paris, were delivered to the Czar on the 14th of March; on their receipt the Czar +intimated that he did not think it fitting (<i>convenable</i>) that he should make any reply. +His decision was known in London on the 24th.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 16: The attitude of Austria caused great perplexity. Count Orloff had gone to Vienna +to obtain a pledge of neutrality in the event of war, but refused to give the Emperor +Francis Joseph satisfactory assurances as to the Czar's future policy, and, in particular, +as to the evacuation of the Principalities at the close of the war. The Austrian Government +accordingly announced its intention of acting as circumstances might dictate, but +subsequently limited the assistance which it now expressed itself willing to give to England +and France in insisting upon the evacuation, to diplomatic support. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>26th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Aberdeen's letter of this day.</p> + +<p class="ind">To be able to form a judgment on the important question +to which it refers, the Queen would require to be furnished with +the exact terms of "the general assurance" which Austria has +given with respect to it. The Queen, however, does not doubt +for a moment that the gain of a day or two in making the +summons to Russia could not be compared to the advantage +of being able to make the summons conjointly with Austria. +She must therefore wish that the answer to the telegraphic +message should be awaited before the messenger is sent off.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEPARTURE OF THE GUARDS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>28th February 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... The news from Austria are quite +excellent, and much more than we had any reason to expect. +It will make a great difference in the nature and duration of +the War. Our summons to Russia went last night <i>viâ</i> Paris, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.14" id="pageiii.14"></a>[page 14]</span> +Berlin, and Vienna, and if they are received either with silence, +or the Emperor refuses to evacuate the Principalities—<i>War</i> +will be considered as declared. The French send a similar +summons. The messenger is to wait <i>six</i> days for an answer, +but no longer.</p> + +<p class="ind">The last battalion of the Guards (Scots Fusiliers) embarked +to-day. They passed through the courtyard here at seven +o'clock this morning. We stood on the balcony to see them—the +morning fine, the sun rising over the towers of old Westminster +Abbey—and an immense crowd collected to see these +fine men, and cheering them immensely as they with difficulty +marched along. They formed line, presented arms, and then +cheered us <i>very heartily</i>, and went off cheering. It was a +<i>touching and beautiful</i> sight; many sorrowing friends were +there, and one saw the shake of many a hand. My best wishes +and prayers will be with them all....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen was rather annoyed at the manner in which Lord +Clarendon pressed the Duke of Cambridge's going to the +Tuileries last night.<sup>17</sup> She thought it an immense boon upon +her part to allow the Duke of Cambridge <i>to go to Paris</i>—and +instead of its being considered as such by Lord Clarendon and +Count Walewski, the Queen was told it would offend the +Emperor if the Duke did not go to the Tuileries also. The +Queen observed that it was unnecessary and unusual for the +Duke, or any Prince almost, to live at the <i>Palace</i> of the Sovereign, +unless he was a very particular friend or near relation. +The Duke of Genoa had refused going there, though he had +received other civilities here; in the same manner <i>no Prince</i> +comes to this <i>Palace</i> unless he is a very <i>near relation</i> or +particular +friend. To this Lord Clarendon replied that it was "because +the <i>Emperor wished</i> it," which rather shocked the Queen, +and she spoke <i>strongly</i> to him upon the subject. The result +was that the Queen said she would speak to the Duke of Cambridge +about it, and see, as the Emperor made <i>so great a point +of it</i>, and Lord Clarendon considered that the <i>Alliance depended +upon it</i>, what he would do....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must and <i>will</i> protest, for she cannot mix up +personal friendship with a political Alliance. The former is +the <i>result</i> of the <i>experience</i> of years of mutual friendship, and +cannot be <i>carried by storm</i>....</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.15" id="pageiii.15"></a>[page 15]</span> + +<p class="ind">There would be nothing unusual in apartments being offered +to the Duke of Cambridge, and declined by him. This was +done by the King of the Belgians only last summer at Berlin +and Vienna, without anybody's construing it into an affront. +The Queen adds a list of the Royal personages who have been +in England and never resided at the Palace. Lord Aberdeen +may show this letter to Lord Clarendon.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: The Duke was going to the Crimea, and it was arranged that he should stop at Paris +on the way. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">STABILITY OF THE GOVERNMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st March 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to acknowledge Lord John Russell's letter of +this morning. Much as she must regret the postponement of +the second reading of the Reform Bill, she must admit its wisdom +under the present peculiar circumstances;<sup>18</sup> but she doubts the +advantage of naming a precise day after Easter on which it is to +come on. Considering the <i>importance</i> to the country of <i>preserving</i> +the present Government and of not allowing it to be beat +on so vital a question, the opportunity should not be lost of +ascertaining the state of feeling both in the House of Commons +and in the country after the reassembling of Parliament, before +the Government decide on entering upon the struggle which +the carrying through of the measure might entail. It is quite +impossible <i>now</i> to conjecture with certainty what that state of +feeling and the general political circumstances at home and +abroad may be at that time. Possibly the country may be +more eager <i>then for</i> the measure—or the War may <i>disincline</i> +it <i>altogether</i> towards it.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen seizes this opportunity of expressing her sense of +the <i>imperative importance</i> of the Cabinet being <i>united</i> and of one +mind at this moment, and not to let it <i>appear</i> that there are +differences of opinion within it. The knowledge that there are +such is a cause of <span class="sc">great</span> <i>anxiety</i> to the Queen, at a time when +she is to enter upon a European War, of which nobody can +confidently predict the extent.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: See the Queen's letter of the <a href="#pageiii.16" style="font-weight: normal;">4th of March</a>, <i>post</i>. +</p> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February (? March) 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">In returning these letters to Lord Aberdeen the Queen +must express to him that there are <i>hints</i> in them which give +her great uneasiness. The stability of this Government is +not only of <i>paramount importance</i> at the <i>commencement</i> of the +War, but throughout it; the moment for negotiation may +arrive much sooner than we now expect—and <i>then</i>, more +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.16" id="pageiii.16"></a>[page 16]</span> +than <i>now even</i>, the Government ought to be composed of +the <i>ablest and most moderate</i> men which this Country can +produce.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>4th March 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord John Russell for his letter received +this morning. She has read the proceedings in the House of +Commons with much interest.<sup>19</sup> She was particularly pleased +with Lord John's second speech, in which he affirmed the +principle that public men ought not to oppose the regard for +personal honour or reputation to the well-understood interests +of the Country. Indeed, the Queen cannot conceive the +possibility of their collision, as an exclusive regard for the +well-understood interests of the Country must always redound +to the honour and reputation of a Statesman.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 19: Lord John Russell had announced the decision of the Government to postpone till +the 27th of April the second reading of the Reform Bill, and, in reply to some sarcastic +comments from Mr Disraeli, stated that he would be ashamed of himself if he preferred +anything connected with his own personal reputation to the interest of the country. He +added that the security of the country depended upon its confidence in the character of +public men. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BALTIC FLEET</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>14th March 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Your kind letter of the 9th arrived +here on Saturday just when we returned from a splendid and +never-to-be-forgotten sight—the sailing of our noble Fleet +for the Baltic;<sup>20</sup> the Navy and Nation were particularly +pleased at <i>my leading them out</i>, as they call it, which in fact +was the case, as, in our little <i>Fairy</i> we went on and lay to, to +see them all come out, which (the wind being fair) they did, +with sails set, each passing us close by, and giving us three +hearty cheers, as I think none but British tars <i>can</i> give. +Gloriously they bore along, followed by the prayers and good +wishes of all. You should read the account in yesterday's +<i>Times</i>. Another sailing squadron goes to-morrow. The +Captains and Admirals all took leave on board, and seemed +much impressed with the solemnity of the moment.... +Ever your truly devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: The Fleet, under Sir Charles Napier, had been assembled at Spithead. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of Prussia.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE KING OF PRUSSIA</span> + +<h5>[<i>Translation.</i>]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>17th March 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dear Sir and Brother</span>,—General Count von der Gröben +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.17" id="pageiii.17"></a>[page 17]</span> +has brought me the official letter of your Majesty, as well as +the confidential one,<a id="footnotetagXXIII21" name="footnotetagXXIII21"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII21"><sup>21</sup></a> and I send your kind messenger back, +with these two answers to you. He will be able to tell you, +orally, what I can express only imperfectly in writing, how +deep my pain is, after our going so far, faithfully, hand in hand, +to see you, at this weighty moment, separating yourself from +us. My pain is still further increased by the fact that I cannot +even conceive the grounds which move your Majesty to take +this step.</p> + +<p class="ind">The most recent Russian proposals came as an answer to +the <i>last</i> attempt for an understanding which the Powers +believed could be arrived at honourably, and they have been +rejected by the Vienna Conference, not because they were not +in accordance with the literal wording of the programme, but +because they were contrary to the intention of it. Your +Majesty's Ambassador has taken part in this Conference and +its decision, and when your Majesty now says: "The task +of Diplomacy ceases at the exact point where that of the +Sovereigns emphatically begins"; I am unable to assent to +such a definition. For what my Ambassador does, he does in +my name, and I feel myself not only bound in honour thereby, +but also placed under an obligation to take upon myself the +<i>consequences</i> which the step which he is directed to take may +lead to.</p> + +<p class="ind">The dreadful and incalculable consequences of a War weigh +upon my heart not less than on your Majesty's. I also know +that the Emperor of Russia does not wish for it. He, none +the less, demands from the Porte things which all the Powers +of Europe—among them, yourself—have solemnly declared +to be incompatible with the independence of the Porte, and +the European balance of power. In view of this declaration +and of the presence of the Russian Army of invasion in the +Principalities, the Powers could not but be ready to confirm +their word by action. If "the Turk" now goes into the +background, and if the approaching War appears to you as a +"War of tendency" this is the case only because the very +motives which may induce the Emperor to insist on his demands—in +defiance of the opposition of the whole of Europe, +and with the danger of a War that may devastate the +world, do betray a <i>distinct tendency</i>, and because the grave +consequences of the War must appear much more momentous +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.18" id="pageiii.18"></a>[page 18]</span> +than the original ostensible cause of it, which at first +appeared only as the request for a key to the back door of +a mosque.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty asks me "to examine the question in a spirit +of love for peace, and even now to build a bridge for the +Imperial honour." Ah, my dear Sir and Brother, all the inventive +gifts, all the architecture of diplomacy and of goodwill, +have been uselessly wasted during these last nine months in +this bridge-building! The <i>Projets de Notes, de Conventions, de +Protocoles</i>, etc., etc., have proceeded, by the dozen, from the +Chancelleries of the different Powers, and one might call the +ink wasted on them another Black Sea. But everything has +been shipwrecked against the self-will of your honourable +brother-in-law.</p> +<span class="rightnote">PRUSSIAN NEUTRALITY</span> +<p class="ind">If now your Majesty informs me "<i>that now you mean to persist +in complete neutrality</i>," and if, on this occasion, you refer +us to your Nation, who are said to exclaim with sound common +sense: "Acts of violence have been done by the Turks, the +Turk has good friends in large numbers, and the Emperor has +done us no harm"—I do not understand you. Certainly I +should understand this language if I heard it from the Kings +of Hanover or of Saxony. But I have, hitherto, looked upon +Prussia as one of the Great Powers which, since the peace of +1815, have been guarantors of treaties, guardians of civilisation, +defenders of the right, the real arbiters of the Nations; +and for my part I have felt the divine responsibility of this +sacred office, without undervaluing at the same time the heavy +obligation, not unconnected with danger, which it imposes on +me. If you, dear Sir and Brother, abdicate these obligations, +you have also abdicated that position for Prussia. And +should such an example find imitators, then the civilisation of +Europe would be delivered up to the play of winds; right will +then no longer find a champion, the oppressed will find no +longer an umpire.</p> + +<p class="ind">Let not your Majesty believe that what has been said in this +letter is aimed at persuading you to change your resolves; it +flows from the affectionate heart of a sister, who could not +pardon herself, were she not, at so weighty a moment, to let +you see into her inmost soul. So little is it my intention to +desire to win you over to our view, that nothing has grieved me +more than the suspicion, expressed in your name by General +von der Gröben, that England had desired to seduce you +from your purpose by opening a prospect of advantages to +be gained. The baselessness of such a supposition is evident +from the Treaty itself which had been offered to you, and +whose most important clause consisted in the promise of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.19" id="pageiii.19"></a>[page 19]</span> +contracting parties, <i>not to desire in any case to derive from the +War any advantage for themselves</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty could not have given a more powerful proof +of your unselfishness than by the very fact of attaching your +signature to this Treaty.</p> +<span class="rightnote">WAR DECLARED</span> +<p class="ind" style="margin-bottom: -0.5em;">To come to a close. You suppose that War may already +have been declared; you express, however, at the same time, +the hope that it may not already have actually broken out. +I cannot unfortunately hold out any hope that the sentence +will be followed by any stay of execution. Shakespeare's +words:</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p class="i20"> "Beware</p> +<p>Of entrance to a quarrel; but, being in,</p> +<p>Bear it that the opposer may beware of thee,"</p> + </div> </div> + +<p class="ind">are deeply engraved on the hearts of all Englishmen. Sad +that they are to find an application at this crisis, in a nation +with whom previously nothing prevailed but friendship and +affection! And how much more melancholy must be the +present emotions of your Majesty's heart and mind to see such +words applied to a beloved brother-in-law, whom yet—however +much you love him—your conscience cannot absolve +from the crime of having brought upon the world wilfully and +frivolously such awful misery!</p> + +<p class="ind">May the Almighty take you under His protection!</p> + +<p class="ind">With Albert's most cordial compliments, and our united +greetings to the dear Queen, I remain, my much honoured Sir +and Brother, your Majesty's faithful Sister and Friend,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span><sup>22</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII21" name="footnoteXXIII21"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII21">Footnote 21:</a> The Prussian Court considered itself under no obligation to engage in the impending +struggle, till its own interests became directly involved; it would not (said Baron Manteuffel, +President of the Ministry, on the 18th of March) take part, for the protection of the +integrity of the Ottoman Empire, "in a conflict, the full scope of which cannot yet be +apprehended, and the original subject matter of which does not affect the interests of +our fatherland."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 22: The King afterwards agreed to the proposed protocol for the preservation of the +integrity of Turkey, which was signed at Vienna on the 7th of April. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>1st April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen rejoices to see the Debate was favourable in the +House of Lords, and that it was concluded in the House of +Commons.<sup>23</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">She is rather startled at seeing Lord Aberdeen's answer to +Lord Roden upon the subject of a day of humiliation, as he has +never mentioned the subject to her, and it is one upon which +she feels strongly. The only thing the Queen ever heard about +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.20" id="pageiii.20"></a>[page 20]</span> +it was from the Duke of Newcastle, who suggested the <i>possibility</i> +of an <i>appropriate</i> prayer being introduced into the +Liturgy, in which the Queen quite agreed; but he was +strongly against a day of humiliation, in which the Queen also +entirely agreed, as she thinks we have recourse to them far +too often, and they thereby lose their effect. The Queen therefore +hopes that this will be reconsidered carefully, and a <i>prayer</i> +substituted for the <i>day of humiliation</i>. Were the services +selected for these days of a different kind to what they are—the +Queen would feel less strongly about it; but they always +select chapters from the Old Testament and Psalms which +are so totally inapplicable that it does away with all the effect +it ought to have. Moreover, really to say (as we probably +should) that the <i>great sinfulness of the nation</i> has brought +about this War, when it is the selfishness and ambition of <i>one</i> +man and his servants who have brought this about, while our +conduct has been throughout actuated by unselfishness and +honesty, would be too manifestly repulsive to the feelings +of every one, and would be a mere act of hypocrisy. Let +there be a prayer expressive of our great thankfulness for the +benefits we have enjoyed, and for the immense prosperity of this +country, and entreating God's help and protection in the +coming struggle. In this the Queen would join heart and soul. +If there is to be a day set apart, let it be for prayer in this sense.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 23: On the 27th of March the Queen announced to Parliament that the negotiations with +the Czar had terminated, and that she felt bound "to afford active assistance to her ally, +the Sultan." Next day the Declaration of War was issued, containing a narrative of +the events which finally led to the rupture. The debates on the Address in answer to the +message took place on the 31st of March, Mr Bright, in the Commons, censuring the +declaration, and being replied to by Lord Palmerston. The addresses were presented to +the Queen on the 3rd of April. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE REFORM QUESTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is anxious to express to Lord John Russell the +extreme satisfaction she experiences at the communication +Lord Aberdeen yesterday evening made her of the settlement +of the Reform Question, viz., of its postponement for the +present Session, with the understanding that it is to be brought +forward again whenever the state of affairs will admit of its +being fairly and calmly considered by Parliament.<sup>24</sup> The +sacrifice of personal feeling which no doubt this may cost Lord +John will, she is certain, be amply compensated by the conviction +that he has done so for the interest and tranquillity +of his Sovereign and Country, to whom a dissolution of the +present Government would have been a source of immense +danger and evil.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 24: From a memorandum, made by Prince Albert, of interviews with Lord Aberdeen, +it appears that before the Cabinet of the 8th of April Lord Palmerston declared that under +neither present nor any future conditions could he vote for the second reading of the +Reform Bill. Lord John thereupon tendered his resignation; this Lord Aberdeen asked +him to suspend until after the meeting of the Cabinet. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.21" id="pageiii.21"></a>[page 21]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DISSENSION IN THE CABINET</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>9th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your +Majesty; he cannot think it consistent with fairness to +conceal from your Majesty the deep feelings of mortification +which affect him on reviewing the proceedings of the Cabinet +yesterday.<sup>25</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen was the only person who behaved with due +regard to the honour of the Administration. The rest appeared +ready to sacrifice everything in order to keep the Ministry +together; and Lord John Russell feels bound to warn your +Majesty that, although he was quite willing to waive the consideration +of the Reform Bill for the present Session, he is not +ready to consent that it shall be entirely set aside in order to +keep together a Ministry whose continuance would be dearly +bought at the price of the welfare of the Country, and the +consistency of public men. Lord John Russell must reflect +further on this subject before he comes to a final determination.</p> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL</span> +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: Lord John Russell's actions at this period of his career seem often incomprehensible; +but his private domestic anxieties seem to have weighed him down. Having made the +great sacrifice, for an ex-Premier, of taking office under an old opponent, he was now +engaged in trying to regain the first place for himself. Lord Aberdeen had always contemplated +retiring in his favour, but would not give up the Premiership in the face of the +dangers threatening the country. Moreover, he had believed his continuance in office to +be a guarantee for peace. Lord John Russell, after accepting the Foreign Office, had +then insisted on being a Minister without office; later still, by displacing Mr Strutt and +transferring Lord Granville to the Duchy, he himself became Lord President of the +Council, an office which no commoner had held since the reign of Henry VIII. By such +action, coupled with perpetual threats of resignation, he marred his prospects of succeeding +Lord Aberdeen, and, as will be seen, failed in his attempt to construct an Administration +when the opportunity was offered him. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>10th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen received Lord John Russell's letter last night. +She is much grieved that he should be "affected by deep +feelings of mortification on reviewing the proceedings of the +Cabinet." From all the Queen had heard of the views of the +different members of the Cabinet, she believes them to have +been fully convinced that the present moment would be inopportune +to press the Reform Bill, but <i>quite</i> prepared to take it +up again on the first fitting opportunity; she, of course, does +<i>not</i> speak of Lord Palmerston.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would, no more than Lord John, wish to see +"the Reform Bill set aside in order to keep together a Ministry," +but does not consider the decision of the Cabinet at +all to imply this, whatever Lord Palmerston's personal wishes +may be, and trusts that the Country will fully understand and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.22" id="pageiii.22"></a>[page 22]</span> +appreciate the motives which have guided the Government. +Lord Aberdeen and Lord John will always receive every support +from the Queen when they shall think it right to propose +the re-introduction of the measure.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>10th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen has just left the Queen, after an interview +which he had had with Sir James Graham and Lord John +Russell at Lord John's request. He reported that at that +interview Lord John renewed his complaint of the Cabinet, +declared that he could not state to the House what was untrue, +and must therefore resign. Lord Aberdeen called this "really +too monstrous" after the pledge given by the Sovereign, himself +as Prime Minister, and the whole Cabinet, with the exception +of one man, and he would repeat his promise that +whenever Lord John said, "The Reform Bill is to come on," +and Lord Palmerston opposed it, he should go.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John could not be appeased, but spoke with the greatest +bitterness. He had written to Lord Palmerston in the same +sense; and Lord Palmerston's answer arrived during the +interview. It was to the effect that if one of them was to resign, +it was not Lord John, who agreed with the rest of the Cabinet +upon the Bill, but himself, who was the dissentient. Lord +Aberdeen asked Lord John whether Lord Palmerston's resignation +would satisfy him; to which he answered, he believed it +would not mend matters. Lord Aberdeen's opinion, however, +is that it is what Lord John, and still more what Lady John, +wants. He thinks the Country will never understand how the +Government could break up, and that Lord John is cutting +his own throat, and told him so. If Lord John went, he could +not go on with Lord Palmerston as Leader of the House of +Commons, which he called "perfectly ludicrous." Lord +Palmerston would probably insist upon this, however; Lord +Palmerston's retirement would be a great blow to the Government, +as the Country persisted in thinking him the only able +War Minister, and would cry out at "the imbecile old Head +of the Government having it now all his own way." He +thought, should he not be able to go on, new combinations +could be formed, perhaps under the Duke of Newcastle and +Mr Gladstone, as the Country liked younger men. Lord +John must give his answer in the House of Commons to-morrow +at half-past four. Lord Aberdeen would wish to see +the Duke of Newcastle, Sir James Graham, and Mr Gladstone, +as his more particular friends, this evening, to discuss the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.23" id="pageiii.23"></a>[page 23]</span> +whole question with them, and would see Lord Palmerston +and Lord John to-morrow, before he could make any report +to the Queen.</p> + +<p class="ind">This is all really very bad!</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>11th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he has the honour to acknowledge, with gratitude, your Majesty's +communication of yesterday. Lord John Russell waited to +see Lord Aberdeen before he answered, and having now had a +long conversation with him, Lord John Russell being assured +of your Majesty's support, of Lord Aberdeen's concurrence, and +of the assent of the majority of his colleagues, is willing to +continue his humble services in the Cabinet, and in the House +of Commons.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell must ask your Majesty to excuse what +may have seemed intemperate in his letter of Sunday last. +He is still of opinion that without public confidence in his +integrity and uprightness he can be of no use to your Majesty, +or to the Country.</p> + +<p class="ind">And on that confidence must depend the continuance of his +services.<sup>26</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 26: On the same day Lord John announced in the Commons the withdrawal of the +Reform Bill. He admitted that this course would expose him to the taunts and sarcasms +of his opponents, and to the suspicions of his supporters. Here "his feelings overcame +him, and, as he used the word 'suspicion' in reference to his motive, his utterance was +choked, and the sentence he struggled to pronounce was evidently given through tears." +(<i>Ann. Reg.</i>, 1854, p. 120.) Loud and sympathetic cheers followed from all parts of the +House. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">We saw Lord Aberdeen at three o'clock to-day, who reported +to the Queen that the change of mind of Lord John had been +the result of an hour and a half's discussion with him this +morning. He must admit, however, that he found Lord John +in a mood willing to let himself be convinced. The Queen's +letter might have contributed to this as well as the entreaties +of the Duke of Bedford and Lord Lansdowne. Lord Aberdeen +could tell Lord John in truth that there was not a shadow of +difference of opinion amongst any of his friends, that he would +lose himself for ever, and meet with universal reprobation, if +he persisted in resigning after every cause for it had been +removed, and he had agreed to the course Lord Palmerston had +insisted upon. Lord Palmerston had written a very clever +letter to Lord John, begging him not to desert the Queen and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.24" id="pageiii.24"></a>[page 24]</span> +the Country, which, if he read it to the House of Commons, +would floor Lord John completely.</p> + +<p class="ind">We asked what had been agreed upon at yesterday evening's +meeting. Lord Aberdeen told us the decision, under the +impression that Lord John would resign, had been for Lord +Aberdeen to call upon Lord Palmerston, and to explain to him +that although he had acted cordially with him as a Colleague +in this Government, yet they had been political antagonists +during their whole lives—the Government also was still a +Reform Government; from personal, therefore, as well as +public, reasons it was impossible that he should be entrusted +with the lead of the House of Commons, being the only anti-Reformer. +And it was hoped that he would have no difficulty +in letting Mr Gladstone lead the House, as Sir James Graham +was the same age and political standing with Lord Palmerston, +but at once cheerfully contented to waive all his claims in favour +of Mr Gladstone.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Cambridge to Queen Victoria.</i><a id="footnotetagXXIII27" name="footnotetagXXIII27"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII27"><sup>27</sup></a></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Vienna</span>, <i>28th April 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Cousin</span>,—Before leaving this place I think it right +that I should once more trouble you with a letter, to inform<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA</span> +you that the messenger has arrived who brought your autograph +letter for the Emperor, which I presented to him to-day at an +audience I had for this purpose.... I had a very long and most +interesting conversation with the Emperor, who opened frankly +and fairly upon the great questions of the day. The impression +he made upon me was an excellent one, his confidence and +frankness are complete, and I have the firm conviction that +he is a man of his word, and that he never would say a thing +that he did not in his heart mean. The result of what he said +was the following: that he naturally was most distressed at all +that had occurred; that he was placed by the Emperor of +Russia in a most difficult position; that he quite disapproved +his acts; but that he could not but have a great disinclination +to break with a very old ally; and that even still he hoped this +painful step might be spared to him by the Emperor of Russia +making some proposal so honourable to all parties, that it would +not be rejected by the Western Powers, who would naturally +not be disinclined to a peace, honourable to themselves and +tranquillising for the future; that the basis of such treaty +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.25" id="pageiii.25"></a>[page 25]</span> +would be the position of the Christian population of the East; +that this might be discussed in Conference, the Russians having +<i>first</i> evacuated the Principalities, upon which the Turks would +hold the right bank of the Danube, our Fleets to await events +in the Bosphorus, and our armies at Constantinople, such position +being highly honourable and advantageous to us in the +eyes of Europe, and certainly not nearly so favourable to +Russia; that he was certainly sensible that the English Government +had not pressed him, feeling as they had done the extreme +delicacy of his position, and the great extent of his frontier so +easily attacked; that he did not wish to say now, till the +moment of decision came, thinking it more honourable and +straightforward not to raise false expectations, but that his +interests being so completely with us, should the Emperor of +Russia do nothing in the honourable direction he hoped to see +him adopt, he should then consider himself called upon to +express frankly to us what he proposed to do, in order that our +action might become united and of advantage to one another. +He further thought that the treaty with Prussia would greatly +facilitate all this, as Prussia had acceded to the wishes of Austria +in the event of certain eventualities, which, however, for +the moment are not named, but which, as far as I understand, +go to the length of leaving Austria unfettered to act as she likes +at the moment when she considers her so doing essential to her +position as a young Empire. It is quite evident to me that this +is the general feeling here, amongst all those who have any +weight in the councils of the Empire. These are <i>Austrian</i> views, +and I must say I can understand them and appreciate them as +such. I am confident, I am certain, they are <i>honest</i> on the part +of the Emperor, and I doubt not he will carry them through to +the letter, for I am confident the Emperor never would say +what he did not mean. Rely upon it, this Country will never +go with Russia; she knows her interests too well for that; she +would like to avoid a War altogether if she could, and with that +view she would be delighted to see some honourable and acceptable +proposal made, but should this fail she will then take a +very decided line, and that line will be in accordance with +Austrian interests—which means with us. I find that most of +the more prudent people, and many of those in high office, are +fully alive to the advantages of the English alliance, and would +wish to see this alliance confirmed <i>de novo</i>; and I think it would +be very well for us to meet them half-way with this. But then +it would be better to avoid all after-dinner speeches such as +those at the Reform Club,<sup>28</sup> all Polish legions such as are talked +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.26" id="pageiii.26"></a>[page 26]</span> +of, and in short any of these little matters, which are painfully +felt here, and which always produce an uncomfortable and distrustful +effect. The Emperor expressed himself in the most +grateful manner towards yourself, and I think is pleased at your +having permitted me to be present on this occasion.... Hoping +that you will approve of my humble endeavours here, and with +sincere regards to Albert, I beg to remain, my dear Cousin, +your most dutiful Cousin,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">George</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII27" name="footnoteXXIII27"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII27">Footnote 27:</a> The English forces destined for the East were under the command of Lord Raglan +(formerly Lord Fitzroy Somerset). The Duke of Cambridge commanded one infantry +division, the other three being respectively under Sir George Brown, Sir De Lacy Evans, +and Sir Richard England; the cavalry division was commanded by the Earl of Lucan, +General Scarlett commanding the heavy cavalry, and Lord Cardigan the Light Brigade.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 28: At a dinner given on the 7th of March by the Reform Club to Sir Charles Napier, Lord +Palmerston, who was in the chair, and Sir James Graham, had made provocative and unbecoming +speeches; on attention being called in Parliament to the proceedings, Mr +Bright complained of the reckless levity displayed; Lord Palmerston made a flippant and +undignified defence, the tone of which was much resented. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BOMBARDMENT OF ODESSA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th May 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Accept my best thanks for your kind +letter of the 5th. I return you the Emperor's kind letter. +Nothing could be more satisfactory than the reception George +met with by everybody at Vienna—beginning with the Emperor. +They showed him much confidence, and he obtained +from them intelligence which I think no one else would. The +Fleets have done their duty admirably at Odessa;<sup>29</sup> the town +has not been touched, and all the fortifications and many ships +have been destroyed....</p> + +<p class="ind">We had a concert last night, and I saw good Sir H. Seymour, +who is full of your kindness and goodness; and a most worthy, +honourable and courageous little man he is.<sup>30</sup> If the poor +Emperor Nicholas had had a few such—<i>nous ne serions pas où +nous en sommes</i>. But unfortunately the Emperor does +<i>not like</i> being <i>told</i> what is unpleasant and <i>contrary</i> to +<i>his +wishes</i>, and gets very violent when he hears the <i>real</i> truth—which +<i>consequently</i> is not told him! There is the misery of +being violent and passionate; if Princes and still more Kings +and Emperors are so, <i>no</i> one will <i>ever</i> tell them the truth, +and <i>how</i> dreadful that is! I think one never can be too +careful in bringing up Princes to inculcate the principle of +<i>self-control</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have a good deal of rain and thunder since yesterday, +which I hope will revive poor parched Nature. I must now +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.27" id="pageiii.27"></a>[page 27]</span> +wish you good-bye, as I expect dear Victoire shortly. Nemours +intends going to fetch the Queen. With Albert's love, ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 29: In consequence of the Russians firing upon a flag of truce, Odessa was bombarded +on the 22nd of April, and most of its batteries silenced or destroyed.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 30: The conversations of Sir Hamilton Seymour and the Emperor Nicholas in the year +1853 had now been given to the world. The Czar, believing the time ripe for the dismemberment +of Turkey, had expressed himself openly to the British Ambassador, and +the conversations were all reported to the British Ministry. On the 2nd of March 1854, +an obviously inspired article in the <i>Journal de St. Pétersbourg</i> professed to contradict the +statements of Lord John Russell in the House of Commons reflecting on the bad faith of +the Russian Government, and accordingly, in their own vindication, the English Cabinet +now published the conversations above referred to. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Cambridge to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE SULTAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Constantinople</span>, <i>13th May 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Cousin</span>,—I have not as yet announced to you my +safe arrival here, as I was anxious first to see the Sultan and +the general state of things before giving you a report of what +was really going on....</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE BRITISH FORCES</span> +<p class="ind">I found a great proportion of the Infantry arrived, a portion +of the Artillery, but as yet no Cavalry. Lord Raglan is well +and in good spirits, Lord Stratford de Redcliffe ill in bed with +a bad fit of the gout—most miserable to see in every respect. +The Sultan<a id="footnotetagXXIII31" name="footnotetagXXIII31"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII31"><sup>31</sup></a> received me at once on the day of arrival, and +made his return visit to me yesterday. I confess I was not +much impressed with either his appearance or general ability. +He is, to say the truth, a wretched creature, prematurely aged, +and having nothing whatever to say for himself. A few commonplace +civilities was all the conversation which passed +between us. I said everything I could think of to make a +conversation, among other things messages of civility from +yourself; but though he appeared pleased and expressed his +satisfaction at our being here, I could not get him to enter into +anything, and I was not sorry on both occasions when our interview +was at an end. As to his Ministers, and in fact the whole +population and country, with the exception of Redschid Pasha,<a id="footnotetagXXIII32" name="footnotetagXXIII32"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII32"><sup>32</sup></a> +they are all a most wretched and miserable set of people, and +far, far worse than anything I could possibly have imagined or +supposed. In fact, the "sick man" is <i>excessively sick indeed</i>, +dying as fast as possible; and the sooner diplomacy disposes +of him the better, for no earthly power can save him, that is +very evident. This is the opinion of every person out here of +both armies, French and English, and you may rest assured +it is the truth. The great thing is that we are here and no other +Power can now step in, but diplomacy must settle what is to +happen, for as to the Turks remaining in Europe that is out +of the question, and the very fact of our being here now has +given them their death-blow. I hope, my dear cousin, you +will forgive me for being very candid on this point, but I really +do not think that anybody in England had any idea of the real +state of affairs here. The sooner therefore that they are put +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.28" id="pageiii.28"></a>[page 28]</span> +in possession of the truth unvarnished the better. The great +and imperative necessity is that the four Powers of Europe +should strike together, otherwise things will become much +worse than they are even at present. Everybody is very civil +and obliging to me, the Sultan has put me into one of his best +Palaces, very nicely fitted up, and is anxious to do everything +I wish. I find it inconvenient, as the troops are on the other +side of the Bosphorus, and I therefore intend going over there +to reside if possible. Marshal St Arnaud is here and Prince +Napoleon, but no French troops. I have seen the latter once; +he was very civil indeed to me, but I do not think he has made +at all a good impression here, his manner being offensive and +harsh. I do not think the Army like him at all. I am afraid +the French Ambassador is giving much trouble. Neither St +Arnaud nor the Prince like him at all, and I believe they have +written to demand his recall, which would be a very good thing, +as he cannot hit it off with anybody. As to our movements, +I know nothing of them as yet, nor do I think that much has +as yet been settled, but I fear we shall not be fit to move for +some time; the difficulty of transport is very great, our Artillery +only partly arrived, and no Cavalry. We require more +troops, more particularly of the latter arm, in which the Russians +are very strong. We ought to have at least 10,000 men +more, and the sooner they are sent out the better. Even that +number is not enough, for the French talk of 100,000 men, and +we should be in a most dreadful minority unless we had 40,000 +to 50,000. I am afraid all this will alarm people in England, +but it is the truth.... I remain, my dear Cousin, your most +dutiful Cousin,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">George</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We never hear any news here. All that does come to us +generally comes by way of Europe; another proof of what a +miserable country this is.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII31" name="footnoteXXIII31"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII31">Footnote 31:</a> Abdul Medjid, born 1823, who had succeeded to the throne at the time of the Syrian +War; see <i>ante</i>, <a href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182" style="font-weight: normal;">vol. i. p. 182</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIII32" name="footnoteXXIII32"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII32">Footnote 32:</a> Minister of Foreign Affairs, born 1802, died 1858. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of Prussia to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE KING OF PRUSSIA</span> + +<h5>[<i>Translation</i>.]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Sans Souci</span>, <i>24th May 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Most gracious Queen</span>,— ... My policy,<a id="footnotetagXXIII33" name="footnotetagXXIII33"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII33"><sup>33</sup></a> which has been so +terribly criticised and derided as "vacillating," has been, since +the beginning of this most inauspicious conflict, one and the +same, and <i>without a hairsbreadth of deviation</i> either to the right +or to the left. As it rests on the unshakable foundation which +my conscience as a King and a Christian has laid down, and +which does not admit <i>que je fasse la besogne ni de l'un ni de</i> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.29" id="pageiii.29"></a>[page 29]</span> +<i>l'autre parti</i>, I am abused and insulted at the Winter Palace, +and regarded, by way of contrast in London and Paris, as a kind +of simpleton—neither of which is pleasant.</p> + +<p class="ind">May your Majesty believe my Royal Word: I was, I am, +I remain the truest and most faithful friend of Great Britain, +as well in principle as from religious feeling and from true affection. +I desire and practise a good and honest understanding +with France; but when it comes to helping the French—to +whom Prussia's geographical position between Paris and Warsaw +is very inconvenient—to pull the <i>chestnuts from the fire</i> for +them, for such a task I am frankly too good. If the Emperor +wishes to force me to assist—as evidently he is inclined to do—it +will end by becoming too difficult for him. He ought to +thank God that my view of Russian policy and my fidelity to +your Majesty have prevented me from making him begin this +<i>Turkish</i> War on the <i>other side of his own frontier</i>. The great +advantage of this result is totally forgotten in France, and, +unfortunately, in England too. Those who every day fill the +papers of home and foreign countries with accounts of my +vacillations, nay, who represent me as leaping from my own +horse on to a Russian one, are inventing lies, in a great measure, +deliberately. I tell your Majesty, on my honour and conscience, +that my policy is to-day <i>the same</i> as it was nine months +ago. I have recognised it as my duty before God to preserve, +for my people and my provinces, peace, <i>because I recognise +Peace as a blessing and War as a curse</i>. I cannot and will not +side with Russia, because Russia's arrogance and wickedness +have caused this <i>horrible</i> trouble, and because duty and conscience +and tradition forbid me to draw the sword against Old +England. In the same degree duty and conscience forbid me +to make unprovoked war against Russia, because Russia, so +far, has done me no harm. So I thought, so I willed when I +thought myself isolated. How then could I now suddenly +abandon a steady policy, preserved in the face of many dangers, +and incline to Russia at the moment when I have concluded +with Austria an Alliance defensive and offensive, in which (if +God grant His blessing) the whole of Germany will join in a few +days, thus welding, for the entire duration of the War, the +whole of Central Europe into a Unity, comprising 72,000,000 +people, and easily able to put 1,000,000 men into the field? +And yet, most gracious Queen, I do not take up a defiant position +on the strength of this enormous power, but I trust in the +Lord's help and my own sacred Right; I also believe, honestly +and firmly, that the character of a so-called Great Power must +justify itself, <i>not by swimming with the current</i>, but <i>by standing +firm like a rock in the sea</i>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.30" id="pageiii.30"></a>[page 30]</span> + +<p class="ind">I close this letter which, in consequence of various interruptions, +is almost a week old, on the 24th of May. This is +your birthday, ever dearest, most gracious Queen. On this +day I lay at your Majesty's feet the expression of my wishes +for every blessing. May God grant your Majesty a joyful +day, and a richly blessed year of rule. May He strengthen, +preserve, and invigorate your precious health, and may He +give you, within the three hundred and sixty-five days of the +year of your life which begins to-day, <i>that</i> one day of overabundant +blessing, of unspeakable joy, for which I long, for +which I pray to God—<i>that blissful day on which you can utter +the word</i> <span class="sc">Peace</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now I beg your Majesty from the bottom of my heart not +to be angry with me for my unconscionably long letter, nor to +worry yourself about sending an answer, but, on the other hand, +graciously to keep it secret, communicating it only to the dear +Prince. It is a matter of course that the facts which it contains, +and the resulting explanations, which may be of importance +for your Majesty's Government, must, from their nature, +no longer be kept secret, so soon as you think it right to announce +them. I embrace the dear Prince tenderly, and commend +myself to the grace, goodwill, and friendship of my august +Royal Sister, I being your Majesty's most faithfully devoted, +most attached Servant and Good Brother,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Frederic William</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII33" name="footnoteXXIII33"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII33">Footnote 33:</a> In the previous portion of this long letter, +here omitted, the King gives a detailed account of his position and policy. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Newcastle.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MARSHAL ST ARNAUD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>29th May 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen acknowledges the receipt of the Duke of Newcastle's +letter, which she received quite early this morning.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Cambridge's letter does <i>not</i> give a flourishing +account of the state of Turkey. What alarms the Queen most +is the news given by the Duke of Newcastle of the pretensions +of Marshal St Arnaud.<sup>34</sup> She does not quite understand +whether he has received the supreme command over the +Turkish Army, but at any rate if the Porte should be willing +to allow its Army to be placed under Foreign Command, a +portion of it ought to be claimed by us for Lord Raglan, which, +joined to his English forces, would produce an Army capable +of taking the field independently.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.31" id="pageiii.31"></a>[page 31]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Queen trusts that the Government will take this into +serious consideration, and, if they should concur in this view, +that no time will be lost.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: The Duke had written to say that a demand had been made by Marshal St Arnaud +upon the Porte that Omar Pasha should be superseded, and the Turkish Army placed +under his (St Arnaud's) orders; also that Marshal St Arnaud was desirous of assuming +the supreme command of the allied forces. The incident is graphically recorded by Mr +Kinglake. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of Prussia.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S REPLY</span> + +<h5>[<i>Translation</i>.]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>June 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Sir and Brother</span>,—Your faithful Bunsen has +handed me your Majesty's long explanatory letter, and has +taken his leave of us,<a id="footnotetagXXIII35" name="footnotetagXXIII35"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII35"><sup>35</sup></a> with tears in his eyes, and I can assure +your Majesty that I, too, see with pain the departure of one +whom I have been accustomed to consider as the faithful mirror +of your feelings, wishes, and views, and whose depth and +warmth of heart I esteem no less highly than his high mental +gifts. Sympathy with his fate is general here. I entirely +recognise in your letter the expression of your friendship, which +is so dear to me, and which does not admit any sort of misunderstanding +to exist between us, without my endeavouring +at once to clear it up and remove it. How could I meet your +friendship otherwise than by equally absolute frankness, +allowing you to look into my inmost heart! Though you have +shown me a proof of your gracious confidence in giving me, +down to the smallest detail, an account of your personal and +business relations with your servants, I still believe that I +have no right to formulate any judgment. Only one thing +my heart bids me to express, viz., that the men with whom you +have broken were faithful, veracious servants, warmly devoted +to you, and that just by the freedom and independence of +spirit, with which they have expressed their opinions to your +Majesty, <i>they have given an indisputable proof</i> of having had in +view, not their own personal advantage and the favour of their +Sovereign, but his true interests and welfare alone; and if +just such men as these—among them even your loving brother, +a thoroughly noble and chivalrous Prince, standing next to +the throne—find themselves forced, in a grave crisis, to turn +away from you, this is a <i>momentous sign</i>, which might well give +cause to your Majesty to take counsel with yourself, and to +examine with anxious care, whether perhaps the hidden cause +of past and future evils may not lie in your Majesty's own +views?<a id="footnotetagXXIII36" name="footnotetagXXIII36"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII36"><sup>36</sup></a> You complain, most honoured Sire and Brother, +that your policy is blamed as <i>vacillating</i>, and that your own +person is insulted at home and abroad (a thing which has often +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.32" id="pageiii.32"></a>[page 32]</span> +filled me with <i>deep grief and indignation</i>), and you asseverate +that your policy rests upon a firm basis, which the conscience +of "a King and a Christian has laid down for it." But +should it be possible to discover in your Majesty's fundamental +views something self-contradictory, then necessarily, +the more consistently and conscientiously these fundamental +views are revealed in their consequences, the more contradictory +must your actions appear to those who are not intimately aware +of your intentions, and cannot but force upon the world +the impression that your views themselves were wavering.</p> + +<p class="ind">You will not take it amiss in a true friend and sister, if she +endeavours to place before you her impressions on this matter, +as frankly as they appear to her.</p> +<span class="rightnote">INVASION OF THE PRINCIPALITIES</span> +<p class="ind">Your Majesty has acknowledged in the face of the world +that Russia has addressed to the Porte demands which she had +no right to make. You have further acknowledged that the +forcible taking possession of two Turkish provinces with the +intention of enforcing the demand was a political wrong. +You have, together with Austria, France, and England, several +times declared in Protocols the preservation of the integrity +of the Turkish empire to be a European interest. Notwithstanding +all this, Russia continues to occupy the Danube +principalities, penetrates further into Turkey, and, by forcing +on a sanguinary and exhausting war, leads the unhappy and +<i>suffering</i> empire on to the brink of the grave. What should +Europe then do under these circumstances?</p> + +<p class="ind">It could not possibly be the intention of the Powers to declare +the preservation and integrity of the Porte to be a matter of +European concern, solely in order to allow that empire to be +destroyed before their very eyes! As to Prussia, I can conceive +a line of policy, not that indeed which I should think in +harmony with the generosity and chivalry of your rule, but +still one possible in itself, by which she would say to herself: +"The preservation of this integrity I have indeed declared to +be a matter of European concern, but I wish to leave England +and France to defend that policy with their wealth and blood, +and reserve to myself only a <i>moral</i> co-operation." But what +am I to think if, after England and France with courageous +readiness have taken upon themselves alone this immense +responsibility, sacrifice, and danger, your Majesty is now +mainly considering the erection of a barrier of 72,000,000 of +men between them and that Power, against whose encroachment +the European interest is to be defended? What am I +to say to the threat uttered against the <i>West</i> as well as against +the <i>East?</i> and to your even asking from the West gratitude +for "the enormous advantage" that you do not, into the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.33" id="pageiii.33"></a>[page 33]</span> +bargain, yourself join in attacking it!! For your Majesty +says expressly in your letter: "The Emperor ought to thank +God that my view of Russian policy, my <i>fidelity</i> to your Majesty, +have prevented me from making him begin the Turkish war +on the other side of his own frontier. The enormous advantage +of this abstention is totally forgotten in France, and, +unfortunately, in England too!"</p> + +<p class="ind">Dearest Sir and Brother, this language shows a contradiction +in your own mind, which fills me with the greatest anxiety for +possible consequences, an anxiety not diminished by your +kindly adding: "Duty, Conscience, and Tradition forbid you +to draw the sword against Old England."</p> + +<p class="ind">I shall gladly with you bless the day on which the word of +Peace can be uttered. Your Majesty can, by vigorous co-operation, +help to usher in that day, just as you might have—in +my conviction—contributed, by vigorous co-operation to +prevent the War altogether.</p> +<span class="rightnote">FRIENDLY RELATIONS</span> +<p class="ind">Whatever these troublous times may bring us, I harbour the +firm confidence that the warmth of our friendly relations cannot +be troubled by anything, and rejoice in the circumstance +that the personal relations of the two Sovereigns are, in this +matter, so entirely in harmony with the interests of the two +nations.</p> + +<p class="ind">Albert sends you his homage, and I remain, with most +cordial remembrance to the dear Queen, and with thanks for +the kind wishes expressed by both of you, ever your Majesty's +faithful Sister and Friend,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII35" name="footnoteXXIII35"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII35">Footnote 35:</a> The influence of Russia over the King had been proved by the recall of Baron Bunsen, +and the dismissal of all those Ministers who had opposed the policy of the Czar in Turkey.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII36" name="footnoteXXIII36"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII36">Footnote 36:</a> The Prince of Prussia had shown his dissatisfaction with the King's policy by quitting +Berlin. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Minute of Interview by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE WAR OFFICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>8th June 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen had an Audience to-day before the Council, +and represented that what was intended was merely a division +of the office of Secretary of State, and not the creation of any +new power, and must be considered rather as a means of +avoiding further changes.<sup>37</sup> Lord Grey, in hearing of this +intention, called it in a letter "the worst arrangement of all," +as unfavourable to his further views; the Duke of Newcastle +would fill the office, and would have to prepare the changes, +inherent in the arrangement, and was determined not to break +down the present arrangements; Lord John Russell was +agreed herewith, and Sir George Grey would take office knowing +this to be Lord Aberdeen's firm decision. But there was +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.34" id="pageiii.34"></a>[page 34]</span> +in fact no choice. Mr Rich would this afternoon bring forward +a Motion in the House of Commons for the consolidation of all +military offices under one Department and a Civil Head, and +Lord John Russell, to whom Lord Aberdeen had said that the +Queen still hesitated about admitting the separation of the +duties of Secretary of State, declared to him angrily, if that +was so, he would go down to the House and vote for Mr Rich's +Motion!! The Motion would be carried without fail in the +House.</p> + +<p class="ind">So this important measure had been carried by storm (as +the Queen could only give way under these circumstances), +and carried without a definite plan, leaving everything to the +future!!</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John is to be Lord President, and he insisted upon Sir +George Grey taking the Colonies. Lord Aberdeen fears much +dissatisfaction from Lord Canning, Mr Cardwell, and Mr +Peel, and just dissatisfaction; the Cabinet are very angry at +the whole proceeding. Lord Granville behaved exceedingly +well, putting himself and his office entirely at Lord Aberdeen's +disposal.<sup>38</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It is supposed that in the House expressions will be dropped +in favour of Lord Palmerston's taking the conduct of the War +in his hands. The Duke of Newcastle, whom we saw, also +states the extreme difficulty of <i>defining</i> the duties of the +Secretary of State, but promises to do so, as far as possible, +for the Queen's convenience.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 37: Lord John Russell had some time before proposed the separation of the War and +Colonial Departments, with a view of filling the Colonial Office himself, "which, in every +point of view." wrote Lord Aberdeen to the Queen, "would have been a most satisfactory +arrangement."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 38: Lord Fitzmaurice, in his <i>Life of Lord Granville</i>, points out that Mr Strutt was really +the person who had a right to complain. He was abruptly removed from the Chancellorship +of the Duchy, and replaced by Lord Granville to suit Lord John's convenience. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>26th June 1851.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has not yet acknowledged Lord Aberdeen's +letter of the 24th. She is very glad to hear that he will take +an opportunity to-day of dispelling misapprehensions which +have arisen in the public mind in consequence of his last speech +in the House of Lords, and the effect of which has given the +Queen very great uneasiness.<sup>39</sup> She knows Lord Aberdeen +so well that she can fully enter into his feelings and understand +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.35" id="pageiii.35"></a>[page 35]</span> +what he means, but the public, particularly under strong excitement +of patriotic feeling, is impatient and annoyed to hear +at this moment the first Minister of the Crown enter into an +<i>impartial</i> examination of the Emperor of Russia's character +and conduct. The qualities in Lord Aberdeen's character +which the Queen values most highly, his candour and his +courage in expressing opinions even if opposed to general +feelings of the moment, are in this instance dangerous to him, +and the Queen hopes that in the vindication of his own conduct +to-day, which ought to be triumphant, as it wants in fact <i>no</i> +vindication, he will not undertake the ungrateful and injurious +task of vindicating the Emperor of Russia from any of the +exaggerated charges brought against him and his policy at a +time when there is enough in it to make us fight with all might +against it.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 39: The speech of Lord Aberdeen, to which the Queen here refers, had created a very +unsatisfactory impression. On the 19th of June the venerable Lord Lyndhurst had +denounced the aggressive policy and the perfidy of Russia; in the debate which followed, +Lord Aberdeen spoke coldly, in a strain of semi-apology for Russia, and with an unlucky +reference to the Treaty of Adrianople. Popular feeling against Russia being then at a +white heat, the speech was considered indicative of apathy on behalf of the Government +in the prosecution of the war. Accordingly, by moving on a later day for a copy of his +own despatch of 1829, relative to the Treaty, the Premier obtained an opportunity of +dispelling some of the apprehensions which his speech had excited. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE RUSSIAN LOAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>27th June 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen observes in Lord Cowley's letter a suggestion of +M. Drouyn de Lhuys to stop, if possible, the Russian Loan. +She thinks this of the highest importance as <i>cutting</i> the <i>sinews</i> +of war of the enemy. The Queen does not know whether we +have by law the power to forbid the quotation of this stock in +our market, but a short Act of Parliament might be obtained +for the purpose. The London and Paris markets rejecting +such paper would have the greatest influence upon its issue.<sup>40</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 40: Lord Clarendon replied:—"... With reference to your Majesty's note of this +morning, Lord Clarendon begs to say that having laid a case fully before the Law Officers, +and having ascertained from them that it would be high treason for any subject of your +Majesty's to be concerned in the Russian Loan, he will give all possible circulation to the +opinion, and he has this evening sent it to Vienna, Berlin, and The Hague...." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INSTRUCTIONS TO LORD RAGLAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>29th June 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +The Cabinet assembled yesterday evening at Lord John +Russell's, at Richmond, and continued to a very late hour.<sup>41</sup></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.36" id="pageiii.36"></a>[page 36]</span> + +<p class="ind">A Draft of Instructions to Lord Raglan had been prepared by +the Duke of Newcastle, in which the necessity of a prompt +attack upon Sebastopol and the Russian Fleet was strongly +urged. The amount of force now assembled at Varna, +and in the neighbourhood, appeared to be amply sufficient +to justify such an enterprise, with the assistance of the English +and French Fleets. But although the expedition to the Crimea +was pressed very warmly, and recommended to be undertaken +with the least possible delay, the final decision was left +to the judgment and discretion of Lord Raglan and Marshal +St Arnaud, after they should have communicated with Omar +Pasha.</p> + +<p class="ind">It was also decided to send the reserve force, now in England, +of 5,000 men, to join Lord Raglan without delay. This will +exhaust the whole disposable force of the country at this time, +and renders it impossible to supply British troops for any undertaking +in the Baltic. A communication was therefore made +yesterday to the French Government to know whether they +would be disposed to send 6,000 French troops, to be conveyed +in English transports, to the Baltic, in order to join in an +attack upon the Aland Islands,<sup>42</sup> which appeared to be attended +with no great difficulty; although any attempt upon Helsingfors, +or Cronstadt, was pronounced by Sir Charles Napier +to be hopeless.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Kinglake describes, in an interesting passage, the growth in the public mind of a +determination that the Crimea should be invaded, and Sebastopol destroyed. The +Emperor Napoleon had suggested the plan at an earlier stage, and the <i>Times</i> newspaper +fanned popular enthusiasm in favour of it. The improved outlook in the East warranted +the attempt being made, but the plan was not regarded with unqualified approval by the +commanders of the allied forces in the East. In the speech, already referred to, of Lord +Lyndhurst, the project had been urged upon the Government, and Lord Raglan considered +that the despatch now sanctioned by the Cabinet, which is printed in the <i>Invasion of the +Crimea</i>, left him no discretion in the matter.</p> + +<p class="ind">The scheme had previously been considered in all its aspects by the Cabinet, and Mr +Kinglake gives an exaggerated importance to the fact that some of the members of the +Cabinet gave way to sleep while the long draft of instructions was being read to them +at the after-dinner Council at Pembroke Lodge.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 41: The war now entered upon a new phase. Though the land forces of the Allies had +hitherto not come into conflict with the enemy, the Turks under Omar Pasha had been +unexpectedly successful in their resistance to the Russians, whom a little later they +decisively defeated at Giurgevo. Silistria had been determinedly besieged by the Russians, +and its fall was daily expected. Yet, under the leadership of three young Englishmen, +Captain Butler and Lieutenants Nasmyth and Ballard, the Russians were beaten off and +the siege raised. The schemes of the Czar against Turkey in Europe had miscarried.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 42: Bomarsund, a fortress on one of these islands, was taken by Sir Charles Napier, aided +by a French contingent under General Baraguay d'Hilliers, on the 16th of August; but +the high expectations raised as to the success of the operations in the Baltic were not +realised. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>30th June 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He begs to call your Majesty's attention to the circumstance +that, in 1842, your Majesty was graciously pleased to authorise +Sir Robert Peel to declare that your Majesty had determined +that the Income Tax should be charged upon the sum payable +to your Majesty under the Civil List Act, and that this declaration +was received with marked satisfaction. Lord Aberdeen +humbly presumes that your Majesty will be disposed +to follow the same course with reference to the augmentation +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.37" id="pageiii.37"></a>[page 37]</span> +of the Tax; and should this be the case, Lord Aberdeen begs +to intimate that the time for making it known has now fully +arrived....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke, of Newcastle.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">HOME DEFENCES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd July 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">In consequence of the departure of these additional 5,000 +men for the East, the Queen feels very uneasy at the very +defenceless state in which the country will be left, not from +any want of confidence arising from the present conjuncture +of affairs, but from a strong sense of the impolicy and danger of +leaving this great country in such a helpless state under any +circumstances, for we never can foresee what events may not +suddenly spring up at any moment (like Greece, for instance<sup>43</sup>) +which may require a force to be in readiness for any particular +purpose.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen therefore wishes the Duke of Newcastle to give +her detailed answers upon the various points stated in the accompanying +paper; but the Queen wishes to have the "<i>effective</i> +state" and not "the state upon paper only." The Duke +will be able to obtain these reports from the different departments.</p> + +<ul class="none4"> +<li>What store of muskets are there <i>here?</i><br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>When will the new ones be ready?<br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>What is the force of Artillery left in the country in men +and horses?<br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>What amount of troops are there in the country of Infantry +(deducting the 5,000 men under orders for the East), and of +Cavalry, and where are they stationed?<br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>How much Militia has been and will be embodied?<br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>What is the Naval Force at home?<br /><br style="line-height: 40%" /></li> +<li>How much serviceable ammunition is there both of Artillery +and small arms in the country?</li></ul> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 43: A violently hostile feeling between the Turks and Greeks had culminated earlier in +the year in a formidable insurrection among the Sultan's Greek subjects. It was terminated +on the 18th of June by an engagement at Kalampaka, in Thessaly. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>4th July 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves the enclosed drafts, and wishes only to +remark on one passage, where Lord Clarendon says, "that he +acts by the unanimous desire of the Cabinet," which she thinks +better altered or omitted. If left, it might weaken the authority +of future instructions emanating from the Secretary of State +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.38" id="pageiii.38"></a>[page 38]</span> +alone; moreover, he acts constitutionally under the authority +of the Queen, on his own responsibility and not that of the +Cabinet.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>17th July 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord Aberdeen's letter, and has +fully considered the contents of it. She has finally decided to +make no change in her intended departure, from a conviction +that her doing so might shake confidence in the result of this +night's Debate. Should anything serious occur, she would be +ready to return to-morrow or at any time that her presence in +town was considered of importance to the public service.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>19th July 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter of yesterday, +and was very glad to hear that both the meeting and +the Debate went off so well. The party which supports the +Government is certainly "a strange basis for a Government to +rest upon," but such as it is we must make the best of it, and +nothing will contribute more to keeping it together than to give +it the impression that the Government is thoroughly united.<sup>44</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 44: During a desultory discussion on the 13th of July, Mr Disraeli had assailed the Government +and its chief in the Commons, to such purpose that Lord John Russell, stung by +his sarcasms, and mortified by his own failure, asked Lord Aberdeen to relieve him of the +Leadership of the House. The Queen, to whom he had also written, entreated Lord +John not to let his opponent see that his object in making his attack had been successful. +A meeting of the Ministerialists was held on the 17th at the Foreign Office, at which one +hundred and eighty members of the House of Commons were present, and some diversity +of opinion was expressed; the result of the meeting was that the Government was more +satisfactorily supported. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Marquis of Dalhousie.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>26th July 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">It is a very long time since the Queen has had the pleasure +of hearing from Lord Dalhousie, but she supposes that (fortunately) +there is very little to say, everything being so quiet and +prosperous. The Queen highly appreciates and values Lord +Dalhousie's kind offer to remain in India while there is any +prospect of difficulty being caused by the present War, which +will be a source of great satisfaction and tranquillity to her, +as she feels that her Indian Dominions cannot be in safer +hands.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes to tell Lord Dalhousie how much interested +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.39" id="pageiii.39"></a>[page 39]</span> +and pleased we have been in making the acquaintance of +the young Maharajah Dhuleep Singh.<sup>45</sup> It is not without +mixed feelings of pain and sympathy that the Queen sees this +young Prince, once destined to so high and powerful a position, +and now reduced to so dependent a one by her arms; his +youth, amiable character, and striking good looks, as well as his +being a Christian, the first of his high rank who has embraced +our faith, must incline every one favourably towards him, and +it will be a pleasure to us to do all we can to be of use to him, +and to befriend and protect him.</p> + +<p class="ind">It also interested us to see poor old Prince Gholam Mohammed, +the last son of the once so dreaded Tippoo Sahib.</p> + +<p class="ind">We both hope that Lord Dalhousie's health is good, and the +Prince sends him his kind remembrance.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 45: This young Prince was born in 1838, and was a younger son of Runjeet Singh, Chief +of the Sikhs, who, after a loyal alliance with England for thirty years, died in 1839. In +1843 Dhuleep Singh was raised to the throne, which had been occupied successively by +Runjeet's elder sons. After the Sikh war in 1845, the British Government gave to the +boy-king the support of a British force. In 1849, after the destruction of the Sikh army +at Gujerat, and the annexation of the Punjab, a pension was bestowed on the young +Maharajah on condition of his remaining loyal to the British Government. He became +a Christian and was at this time on a visit to England. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MILITARY APPOINTMENTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>6th August 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Hardinge's letter of the 4th.<sup>46</sup> +She would for the future wish all papers for signature to +be accompanied by a descriptive list showing at a glance the +purport of the documents, as is done with papers from other +Government offices.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has looked over the lists of Major-Generals made +by the last brevet which Lord Hardinge submitted, and must +confess that it does not afford a great choice; yet, leaving out +the cavalry officers and those disqualified by age or infirmities, +there remain some few whom she has marked with an "X," for +whose exclusion no adequate reason is apparent. An exclusion +of officers who have served in the Guards, <i>merely on that account</i>, +the Queen would not wish to see adopted as a principle, and +the selection of Colonels of the Line (because there are no +Generals fit), in preference to Generals of the Guards who are +perfectly so, will amount to this. General Eden,<sup>47</sup> moreover, +has been in command of a Regiment of the Line, and General +Knollys<sup>48</sup> has not been promoted from the Guards, and, in +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.40" id="pageiii.40"></a>[page 40]</span> +accepting the Governorship of Guernsey, specially begged that +this might not exclude him from active service—a circumstance +which he mentioned to the Prince at the time. Both these have +the reputation of very good officers.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen does not wish anything to be arranged prospectively +now, but would recommend the subject to Lord +Hardinge's future consideration.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 46: In reply to a letter from the Queen, stating that she had inadvertently signed certain +papers in the ordinary course. Her attention had not been drawn to their important +features.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 47: Lieut.-General John Eden, C.B., nephew of the first Lord Auckland.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 48: Sir William Knollys, K.C.B., 1797-1883, became in 1855 the organiser of the newly +formed Camp at Aldershot. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SPECIAL PRAYERS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>21st August 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must repeat what she has frequently done, that +she strongly objects to these <i>special</i> prayers which <i>are</i>, in fact, +<i>not</i> a sign of gratitude or confidence in the Almighty—for if this +is the course to be pursued, we <i>ought</i> to have one for every +<i>illness</i>, +and certainly in '37 the influenza was notoriously more +<i>fatal</i> than the cholera had ever been, and <i>yet no one</i> would have +thought of having a prayer against <i>that</i>. Our Liturgy <i>has</i> +provided for these calamities, and we may have frequent +returns of the cholera—and yet it would be difficult to <i>define</i> +the <i>number</i> of deaths which are to <i>make</i> "a form of prayer" +<i>necessary</i>. The Queen would, therefore, strongly recommend +the usual prayer being used, and no other, as is the case for the +prayer in time of War. What is the use of the prayers in the +Liturgy, which were no doubt composed when we were subject +to other equally fatal diseases, if a new one is always to be +framed specially for the cholera?</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would wish Lord Aberdeen to give this as her +decided opinion to the Archbishop, at all events, for the +present. Last year the cholera quite decimated Newcastle, +and was bad in many other places, but there was <i>no special</i> +prayer, and <i>now</i> the illness is in <i>London</i> but <i>not</i> in any +other +place, a prayer is proposed by the Archbishop. The Queen +cannot see the difference between the one and the other.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CIVIL LIST PENSIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>1st September 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen, with his humble duty, begs to lay before +your Majesty the pensions proposed to be granted on the Civil +List at this time. The only case requiring any special remark +is that of the children of Lord Nelson's adopted daughter. +There seems little doubt that the person referred to was really +Lord Nelson's daughter, according to evidence recently produced, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.41" id="pageiii.41"></a>[page 41]</span> +and was recommended by him to the care of the country, +just before the battle of Trafalgar.<sup>49</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">A numerous party in the House of Commons wished that +your Majesty's Government should propose a special vote for +this person and her family; but the Cabinet thought that it +would give rise to much scandal and disagreeable debate, and +finally recommended Lord Aberdeen to place the three daughters +on the Pension List. The circumstances of the case are, +no doubt, very peculiar; and although Lord Aberdeen does +not feel perfectly satisfied with the course pursued, he thinks +it very desirable to avoid the sort of Parliamentary debates +to which the discussion of such a subject would necessarily give +rise.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 49: Horatia, daughter of Nelson and Lady Hamilton, was born on the 29th of January +1801, and married in 1822 the Rev. Philip Ward of Tenterden. She died in 1881. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i><sup>50</sup></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Boulogne</span>, <i>le 8 Septembre 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et bonne Sœur</span>,—La présence du digne époux de +votre Majesté au milieu d'un camp français est un fait d'une +grande signification politique, puisqu'il prouve l'union intime +des deux pays: mais j'aime mieux aujourd'hui ne pas envisager +le côté politique de cette visite et vous dire sincèrement combien +j'ai été heureux de me trouver pendant quelques jours avec un +Prince aussi accompli, un homme doué de qualités si séduisantes +et de connaissances si profondes. Il peut être convaincu d'emporter +avec lui mes sentiments de haute estime et d'amitié. +Mais plus il m'a été donné d'apprécier le Prince Albert, plus je +dois être touché de la bienveillance qu'a eue votre Majesté de +s'en séparer pour moi quelque jours.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je remercie votre Majesté de l'admirable lettre qu'elle a bien +voulu m'écrire et des choses affectueuses qu'elle contenait pour +l'Impératrice. Je me suis empressé de lui en faire part et elle +y a été très sensible.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je prie votre Majesté de recevoir l'expression de mes sentiments +respectueux et de me croire, de votre Majesté, le bon +Frère,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoléon</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: The French Emperor had established a camp between Boulogne and St Omer, and +early in the summer had invited Prince Albert to visit him. It was reasonably conjectured +at the time that one of the chief purposes of the invitation was by personal intercourse +to overcome the prejudice which the Emperor believed prevailed against him. The +visit lasted from the 4th till the 8th of September, and the Prince's impressions were +recorded in a memorandum, "the value of which," writes Sir Theodore Martin, by way of +preface to his publication of it, "cannot be overstated; nor is it less valuable for the light +which it throws upon the Prince's character, by the remarkable contrasts between himself +and the Emperor of the French, which were elicited in the unreserved discussions which +each seems equally to have courted." +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.42" id="pageiii.42"></a>[page 42]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PRINCE ALBERT AND THE EMPEROR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>22nd September 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Count Walewski told Lord Clarendon to-day that the Emperor +had spoken with enthusiasm of the Prince, saying that +in all his experience he had never met with a person possessing +such various and profound knowledge, or who communicated +it with the same frankness. His Majesty added that he had +never learned so much in a short time, and was grateful. He +began his conversation with reproaching Count Walewski for +not having written to him much oftener respecting the Prince, +and endeavoured to ascertain the opinions of His Royal Highness +upon all important subjects.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the invitation, the Emperor's account of it +to Count Walewski was that he had apologised to the Prince +for the bad reception he had given His Royal Highness, and +expressed a hope that he might have an opportunity of <i>doing +better</i> at Paris, if your Majesty and the Prince would honour him +with a visit; and that His Royal Highness had then said, "the +Queen hopes to see your Majesty at Windsor, and will be happy +to make acquaintance with the Empress." The Emperor, +however, had only taken this as a courteous return to his invitation, +and not as intended for a positive invitation.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon told Count Walewski that he believed the +matter had passed inversely, and that the Prince had first +communicated your Majesty's message.</p> + +<p class="ind">Be that as it may, Count Walewski said the Emperor will be +delighted to avail himself of the Queen's gracious kindness; +nothing will give him so much pleasure....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S VISIT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>24th September 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the two letters from Lord Cowley. She +is very sorry to see doubts arise as to the correctness of the +intelligence about the safe debarkation of our whole expeditionary +force in the Crimea, but still clings to the hope of its being +true.</p> + +<p class="ind">Count Walewski's account of the Emperor's version of his +conversation with the Prince explains what the Prince suspected +at one time himself, that the Emperor had not understood +the Prince's remark as conveying a <i>direct</i> invitation, but +merely as a general term of civility. What the Prince intended +to convey was something between the two, making it clear that +he would be well received, and leaving it entirely open to him +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.43" id="pageiii.43"></a>[page 43]</span> +to come or not according to his own political views and circumstances. +This appeared to the Prince the most polite and +delicate, preventing all appearance as if a counter-visit for +his own at Boulogne was expected. Lest the Emperor should +not have rightly understood the Prince, he repeated the +wish to see the Emperor in England, and the hope of the +Queen to make the Empress's acquaintance also, <i>more +directly</i> to Marshal Vaillant, who gave the same answer as +the Emperor had done—he hoped we should come to Paris +in return.</p> + +<p class="ind">Matters stand as well as possible with regard to the visit; +in the Queen's opinion, the Emperor can come if he likes, and if +prevented, is bound to nothing. Should he ask when his visit +would be most agreeable to the Queen, the middle of November +would be the time.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>30th September 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed letters. The French show +their usual vivacity in pressing so hard for decision upon what +is to be done with Sebastopol when taken.<sup>51</sup> Surely we ought +to have taken it first before we can dispose of it, and everything +as to the decision about it must depend upon the state in which +we receive it, and the opinion of the Military and Naval Commanders +after they find themselves in possession of it. The +Queen hopes, therefore, that Lord Clarendon will succeed in +restraining French impatience as he has often done before.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 51: Lord Clarendon had given the Queen the two reasons for which the French were +pressing, in anticipation, the retention of the Crimea, viz. as affording suitable winter +quarters, and as a guarantee in case of peace negotiations. On the 7th of September +the allied forces had sailed for the Crimea; on the 21st the Queen learned by telegram +that 25,000 English, 25,000 French, and 8,000 Turks had landed safely without encountering +resistance, and begun the march to Sebastopol. The Queen, with her usual kindly +solicitude for the health and comfort of her Ministers, had summoned Lord Aberdeen from +London to have the benefit of the Scotch air; he remained at Balmoral from the 27th till +the 30th, when he went to his own house at Haddo. Immediately after his departure, a +telegram arrived from Lord Clarendon announcing the victory of the Alma. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BATTLE OF THE ALMA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Haddo House</span>, <i>1st October 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He had the honour of receiving your Majesty's box this morning +at nine o'clock by post; and he now sends a Messenger to +Aberdeen, with Despatches received this morning from +London, to meet the special conveyance to Balmoral this +evening.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.44" id="pageiii.44"></a>[page 44]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen humbly presumes to offer his most cordial +congratulations to your Majesty on the great intelligence received +by telegraph this morning. The account sent by Lord +Stratford of the victory on the Alma must be correct; the +report mentioned by Mr Colquhoun<sup>52</sup> may possibly be so too. +At all events, we may fairly hope that the fall of Sebastopol +cannot long be delayed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen has written to Lord Clarendon this morning +on the subject of the fortifications of Sebastopol, which although, +somewhat embarrassing at the moment, is not attended with +any great practical importance.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen regrets that the speedy return of the post +prevents him from sending your Majesty a copy of his letter, +which in substance, however, was to the following effect. +Without attaching any undue importance to the decision, he +was inclined to adhere to his first proposition of the immediate +and entire destruction of the works. He did not see the +advantage of doing the thing by halves; while the destruction +of the sea defences only might give rise to erroneous impressions +and would be of an equivocal character. The fall of Sebastopol +would in fact be the conquest of the Crimea, and the Allies +might winter there with perfect security, as, by occupying the +lines of Perekop,<sup>53</sup> any access to the Crimea would effectually +be prevented by land. Lord Aberdeen thought that with a +view to peace, and the restitution of the Crimea to Russia, it +would be more easy for the Emperor to accept the destruction +of the fortifications when accomplished, than to agree to any +stipulation having such an object.</p> + +<p class="ind">On the whole, Lord Aberdeen was inclined to think that if +the place should not be at once destroyed, it might be better +to preserve it in its present state, until the matter should be +further considered. The Allies would always have it in their +power to act as they thought best, and the question might in +some degree be affected by future events. The great objection +to leaving the matter undecided for the present appeared +to be from the possibility of differences hereafter between +France and England upon the subject. After the astounding +proposition made to Lord Raglan by the French Generals +when actually embarked and at sea, it would be well to +leave nothing in doubt. The Turks, too, might perhaps +desire to have a voice in the matter, and might become +troublesome....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 52: Mr (afterwards Sir) Robert Gilmour Colquhoun (1803-1870), Agent and Consul-General +at Bucharest.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 53: A district on the isthmus of Crimea, guarded by a wall and a ditch, the name meaning +"Cross-ditch." The whole isthmus is now often called Perekop. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.45" id="pageiii.45"></a>[page 45]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Marquis of Dalhousie to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Government House</span>, <i>2nd October 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General presents his most humble duty to +your Majesty, and begs to offer his respectful thanks for the +very gracious manner in which your Majesty has been pleased +to acknowledge the offer he has made to retain still the Government +of India during the ensuing year.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General does not affect to say that he makes +no sacrifice in so doing. Many things unite to warn him that +it is time he were gone: and his family circumstances, in +which your Majesty has long shown so gracious an interest, have +rendered the prospect of his remaining longer absent from +England a source of much anxiety and perplexity to him. +But he felt that this was no time for any man, high or low, +to leave his post. And as a seven-years' experience must needs +have rendered him more capable of immediate usefulness than +any other, though a far abler man, without such experience +could possibly be, he did not hesitate to offer the continued +service which your Majesty might most justly expect, and +which he is proud to render cheerfully.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty's remark on the absence of any letter from +the Governor-General of late would have disquieted him with +apprehensions that he had been thought neglectful, but that +your Majesty at the same time ascribed the silence to its real +cause. Since the announcement of the termination of the +Burmese War there has, in truth, been no occurrence which, +of itself, seemed worthy of being made the subject of a report +to your Majesty. India has been tranquil in all her borders. +And although no event could well be more gratifying than this +continuous tranquillity was in itself, still the periodical report +of peace and quiet on all sides seemed likely to be as uninteresting +as the monotonous, though satisfactory, "All's +well" of a ring of sentries.</p> + +<p class="ind">At Christmas the Governor-General anticipated having the +honour of narrating to your Majesty the events of a year which +he hoped would, before its close, have been fruitful of great +results....</p> +<span class="rightnote">INDIA AND RUSSIA</span> +<p class="ind">Very recently an interesting mission has arrived from the +Khan of Kokan, a state to the north of Bokhara, reporting the +capture of their fort of Ak Mussid by the Russians.</p> + +<p class="ind">The fact was known before; but the mission is important +from the certainty it imparts to us that all the Turcomans, +the people of Kokan, of Khiva, and of Bokhara, all detest as +much as they dread the Muscovites, with whose approach they +are threatened.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.46" id="pageiii.46"></a>[page 46]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Khan asks for aid. We can render him but little. +The only real bulwark which can be raised for these states +of Central Asia—the only real barrier to the progress of Russia +which can be set up there—must have their foundations in the +Treaty, which may be framed by the Allied Powers after the +present war shall have brought the spirit of Russia into +temporary subjection.</p> + +<p class="ind">The war in which your Majesty has engaged with that great +Power has not been directly felt in this part of your Majesty's +dominions; but its indirect influence is most sensibly apparent.</p> + +<p class="ind">The notions entertained of Russia, and the estimate formed +of her powers, by the nations of India, are exaggerated in +the extreme. Although our pride must wince on hearing +it, it is an unquestionable fact that the general belief in +India at this moment is that Russia gravely menaces the +power of England, and will be more than a match for her +in the end.</p> + +<p class="ind">This feeling cannot prudently be disregarded. The Governor-General +need hardly say to your Majesty that he believes that +any direct attack by Russia on these dominions at the present +time is utterly impracticable; and that there is no more risk +of an invasion of India by the Emperor Nicholas than of +another by Mahmood of Ghuznee. Nevertheless, the uneasy +feeling which now prevails among native States and among +ourselves, partly of alarm, partly of indefinite expectation, +ought to be guarded against; and the means of meeting +any difficulties which may arise out of it should be at our +command.</p> + +<p class="ind">Earnestly desirous to contribute every possible aid to your +Majesty's arms in the great contest now going on in Europe, +the Governor-General has respectfully placed at the disposal +of your Majesty's Ministers all the four regiments of Royal +Cavalry now serving in India. The Infantry is already hardly +adequate for our own necessities: and while the Governor-General +will be quite ready to accept and to face any additional +responsibilities which he may be called upon to bear, he has +felt it to be his duty to state that, beyond the four regiments +of Cavalry, European troops cannot safely be spared from +India at the present time.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General, however, feels that he is not indulging +in any vain boast when he ventures to assure your +Majesty that, under God's good blessing, these, your Dominions +in the East, are at present absolutely safe.... Your Majesty's +most obedient, most humble, and devoted Subject and Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Dalhousie</span>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.47" id="pageiii.47"></a>[page 47]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Marquis of Dalhousie.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEPOSED INDIAN PRINCES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>2nd October 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">As the Queen knows that the East India Company are +chiefly guided by Lord Dalhousie's advice with respect to all +Indian affairs in public as well as of a more private nature, +she thinks that she cannot do better than write to him upon a +subject which she <i>feels</i> strongly upon, and which she is sure +that Lord Dalhousie will enter into. It is the position of those +unfortunate Indian Princes who have, either themselves or +their fathers, been for public reasons deposed. Two instances +are now before the Queen's eyes upon which she wishes to +state her opinion.</p> + +<p class="ind">The first is old Prince Gholam Mohammed, and his son +Prince Feroz Shah. The Queen understands (though she is +not sure of the fact) that the old man is here in order to try to +obtain his pension continued to his son. This is very natural, +and it strikes the Queen to be an arrangement difficult to be +justified, in a moral point of view, to give these poor people—who +after <i>all</i> were once so mighty—<i>no</i> security beyond their +lives. Whilst we remain permanently in possession of their +vast Empire, they receive a pension, which is not <i>even</i> continued +to their descendants. Would it not be much the best +to allow them, instead of a pension, to hold, perhaps under +the Government, a property, which would enable them and +their descendants to live respectably, maintaining a certain +rank and position? The Queen believes that Lord Dalhousie +himself suggested this principle in the case of the Ameers of +Scinde.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nothing is more painful for <i>any</i> one than the thought that +their children and grandchildren have no future, and may become +absolutely beggars. How much more <i>dreadful</i> must this +be to proud people, who, like Prince Gholam, are the sons and +grandsons of great Princes like Hyder Ali and Tippoo Sahib! +Besides it strikes the Queen that the more kindly we treat +Indian Princes, whom <i>we</i> have <i>conquered</i>, and the more consideration +we show for their birth and former grandeur, the +more we shall attach Indian Princes and Governments to us, +and the more ready will they be to come under our rule.</p> +<span class="rightnote">MAHARAJAH DHULEEP SINGH</span> +<p class="ind">The second instance is that of the young Maharajah Dhuleep +Singh (and the Queen must here observe that the favourable +opinion she expressed of him, in her last letter to Lord Dalhousie, +has only been confirmed and strengthened by closer +acquaintance). This young Prince has the <i>strongest</i> claims +upon our generosity and sympathy; deposed, for <i>no</i> fault of +his, when a little boy of ten years old, he is as innocent as any +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.48" id="pageiii.48"></a>[page 48]</span> +private individual of the misdeeds which compelled us to depose +him, and take possession of his territories. He has besides +since become a Christian, whereby he is for ever cut off from +his own people. His case therefore appears to the Queen still +stronger than the <i>former</i> one, as he was not even a conquered +enemy, but merely powerless in the hands of the Sikh soldiery.</p> + +<p class="ind">There is something too painful in the idea of a young deposed +Sovereign, once so powerful, receiving a pension, and having +<i>no</i> security that his children and descendants, and these moreover +Christians, should have any home or position.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hears that Lord Dalhousie himself would wish +and advise his pension to be exchanged for a property on which +the Maharajah might live, which he might improve (giving +thereby a most valuable example) and transmit some day to +his descendants, should he have any; she hopes therefore that +this may be so settled, and that he may, on attaining the age of +eighteen, have a comfortable and fitting position worthy his +high rank.</p> + +<p class="ind">Where such a property might be must be of course left to +Lord Dalhousie to decide, but the Queen hopes that Lord +Dalhousie will give it his serious attention.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE AUSTRIAN PROPOSALS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>10th October 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Clarendon's letters of the 8th.<a id="footnotetagXXIII54" name="footnotetagXXIII54"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII54"><sup>54</sup></a> +She cannot consider it wise to reject the Austrian proposals +<i>altogether</i>, although we may usefully amend them. The success +in the Crimea ought to be followed up by strengthening the +alliance of the European powers, else it may turn out a sterile +victory, and the English blood will have flowed in vain; for +supposing even the whole Crimea to fall into our hands, it is not +likely that the war will be concluded on that account. How +are England and France to bring it to a termination single-handed? +Our Army in the Crimea is the only one we have....</p> + +<p class="ind">It is true that the Austrian proposal promises little performance +on her part, yet the stipulation by Treaty that she will +never let the Russians pass the Pruth again is a positive advantage +to us; and the other, that a defensive and offensive +alliance with us is to follow the breaking out of the war by +Russia against Austria, although being entirely at <i>our</i> expense, +yet realises the chief condition which will make Austria hesitate +less to bring it to a war with Russia. She always (and not +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.49" id="pageiii.49"></a>[page 49]</span> +without reason) dreaded to have to fight Russia single-handed, +and the allied armies in the Crimea could not assist her. +What reason could Austria put forward and justify to Prussia +and Germany, for going to war at this moment? To obtain +the evacuation of the Principalities was a tangible one, indeed +the same <i>we</i> put forward when <i>we</i> declared war; but this is +now obtained.</p> + +<p class="ind">We must certainly not allow our policy to be mixed up with +the miserable German squabbles, but we must acknowledge +that Austria, as a member of the Confederation, is not and +cannot be independent of them.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would accordingly advise a temperate consideration +of the Austrian proposals and an amendment of them in +those points which seem to require them, and which Lord +Clarendon clearly points out in his letter, and the avoidance +of anything which could weaken the <i>accord Européen</i>.<sup>55</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor Napoleon's answer to Lord Cowley with reference +to this visit to England renders it probable to the +Queen that he was not anxious to have the general invitation +changed into a special one, <i>obliging</i> him to come or to refuse. +The answer is almost a refusal now, and has not improved our +position. The Queen would wish that no anxiety should be +shown to obtain the visit, now that it is quite clear to the +Emperor that he will be <i>le bienvenu</i> at any time. His reception +here ought to be a boon to him and not a boon to us.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen fully enters into the feelings of exultation and +joy at the glorious victory of the Alma, but this is somewhat +damped by the sad loss we have sustained, and the thought +of the many bereaved families of all classes who are in mourning +for those near and dear to them.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII54" name="footnoteXXIII54"> +</a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII54">Footnote 54:</a> In one of which, in reference to Austria's desire for an offensive and defensive treaty +with Great Britain, Lord Clarendon had described the Austrian terms as irritating, and +the discussion of them a mere waste of time.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 55: The Cabinet, at its meeting on the 20th, decided to meet the Austrian proposals in +the most conciliatory manner possible. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ALMA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Hull</span>, <i>13th October 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Already far away from my loved +beautiful Highlands and Mountains, I find a few minutes to +write and thank you for your kind letter of the 2nd, with +such lively and glowing descriptions of such glorious and +beautiful scenery, which I hope and trust to see <i>some day</i>. +Still, with all its beauties, I would not exchange it for our +northern beauties, which really they are—for a <i>lovelier</i> country +with a <i>more beautiful</i> combination of wood and mountain, +and river, and cultivation with the greatest wildness, at the +same time close at hand, cannot, I am sure, be seen; Stockmar +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.50" id="pageiii.50"></a>[page 50]</span> +is in the greatest admiration of it. We left it yesterday +morning, slept at Holyrood last night, and came here this +evening; the good people of this large port, having since two +years entreated us to come here. We shall reach Windsor +to-morrow.</p> + +<p class="ind">We are, and indeed the whole country is, <i>entirely</i> engrossed +with one idea, one <i>anxious</i> thought—the <i>Crimea</i>. We have +received all the <i>most</i> interesting and <i>gratifying</i> details of the +<i>splendid</i> and decisive victory of the Alma; alas! it was a +bloody one. Our loss was a heavy one—many have fallen +and many are wounded, but my noble Troops behaved with +a <i>courage</i> and <i>desperation</i> which was beautiful to behold. +The Russians expected their position would hold out three +weeks; their loss was immense—the whole garrison of Sebastopol +was out. Since that, the Army has performed a wonderful +march to Balaklava, and the bombardment of Sebastopol +has begun. Lord Raglan's behaviour was worthy of the old +Duke's—such coolness in the midst of the hottest fire. We +have had all the details from young Burghersh<sup>56</sup> (a remarkably +nice young man), one of Lord Raglan's Aides-de-camp whom +he sent home with the Despatches, who was in the midst of it +all. I feel so <i>proud</i> of my dear noble Troops, who, they say, +bear their privations, and the sad disease which still haunts +them, with such courage and good humour.</p> + +<p class="ind">George did enormously well, and was not touched. Now +with Albert's love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 56: Francis, Lord Burghersh, afterwards twelfth Earl of Westmorland (1825-1891). +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>5th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Clarendon's letter referring to +the new Draft of a Treaty with Austria proposed by the French +Government, and has since attentively perused the Treaty itself.<sup>57</sup> +Vague and inconclusive as it is as to <i>co-operation</i> (which +is the main object of our desire), it is a step in advance, and +has the advantage of assuring Austria of our alliance should +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.51" id="pageiii.51"></a>[page 51]</span> +the war between her and Russia break out. The Queen regrets +to find a Clause omitted which stood in the former French +project (rejected by us about three weeks ago), stipulating that +Austria was to prevent the re-entry of Russia into the Principalities. +Although she would of her own accord have to do +this, a treaty obligation towards the <i>belligerents</i> to that effect +would have made a considerable inroad into her position as +a <i>neutral</i> power, and secured a co-operation in the war—<i>ad +hoc</i> at least. Austria ought to be told, in the Queen's opinion, +that this project of treaty contains almost nothing; and that +her signing it <i>at once</i> would give a moral pledge of her sincerity +towards the Western Powers, who have to pay with the lives +of their best troops every day that Austria hesitates to do +what in the end she must find it in her own interest to do.</p> + +<p class="ind">As to M. Olozaga's proposal,<sup>58</sup> the Queen thinks it ought to +be treated like all the former ones, viz. met with the remark +that we cannot discuss eventualities implying the dethronement +of a Sovereign with whom we are on a footing of amity.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 57: Lord Clarendon wrote that he and Lord John Russell approved of the treaty, but +that Lord Aberdeen thought that Austria would not accept it; while Lord Palmerston +felt confident that Austria, even if her co-operation were not now secured, would at least +not lend her support to the King of Prussia's scheme.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">At this date only partial and misleading accounts had arrived of the battle of Balaklava, +and it was believed that four English (not Turkish) redoubts had been taken; and, +while the disastrous charge of the Light Brigade had been announced, the success of the +heavy cavalry was not yet known. Anxiety began accordingly to be felt at home as to +the adequacy of the allied forces to encounter the Russian army, augmented as it now was +by the troops which had recently evacuated the Principalities. Accordingly fresh efforts +were being made to engage Austria in effectual alliance with the Western Powers.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 58: The document containing this proposal does not seem to have been preserved among +the papers. It was not impossibly a scheme for betrothing King Pedro to the infant +Princess of the Asturias, thereby uniting the two Crowns, and bringing about the +dethronement of Queen Isabella. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the letters from Lord Cowley and Count +Walewski.<sup>59</sup> No consideration on earth ought to stand in the +way of our sending what ships we can lay hold of to transport +French reinforcements to the Crimea, as the safety of our +Army and the honour of the Country are at stake. The +Queen is ready to give her own yacht for a transport which could +carry 1,000 men. Every account received convinces the +Queen more and more that numbers alone can ensure success +in this instance, and that without them we are running <i>serious</i> +risks.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 59: The Count wrote that France was ready to send 20,000 men to the Crimea, if England +could furnish transports. Lord Clarendon added: "We have not a single available +steamer, as all must be left in the Baltic until the ice sets in, and the stores, ammunition, +and clothing for the Army are going out in sailing vessels." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>14th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I am quite shocked to find that I +missed writing my letter to-day—but really <i>la tête me tourne</i>. +I am so bewildered and excited, and my mind so entirely taken +up by the news from the Crimea, that I really forget, and what +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.52" id="pageiii.52"></a>[page 52]</span> +is worse, I get so confused about everything that I am a very +unfit correspondent. My whole soul and heart are in the Crimea. +The conduct of our <i>dear noble</i> Troops is <i>beyond praise</i>; it is +quite heroic, and really I feel a pride to have <i>such Troops</i>, which +is only equalled by my grief for their sufferings. We now +know that there has been a pitched battle on the 6th, in which +we have been victorious over much greater numbers, but with +great loss on both sides—the greatest on the Russian. But +we know <i>nothing</i> more, and now we must live in a suspense +which is indeed dreadful. Then to think of the numbers of +families who are living in <i>such</i> anxiety! It is terrible to think +of all the wretched wives and mothers who are awaiting the +fate of those nearest and dearest to them! In short, it is a +time which requires courage and patience to bear as one ought.</p> + +<p class="ind">Many thanks, dearest Uncle, for your kind letter of the 11th, +which I received on Saturday. The Brabants will soon leave +you; I shall write to Leo to-morrow or next day, <i>quand je +pourrais un peu rassembler mes idées</i>. I must now conclude, +dearest Uncle. With Albert's affectionate love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Raglan.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INKERMAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>18th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received with pride and joy the telegraphic +news of the glorious, but alas! bloody victory of the 5th.<sup>60</sup> +These feelings of pride and satisfaction are, however, painfully +alloyed by the grievous news of the loss of so many Generals, +and in particular Sir George Cathcart—who was so distinguished +and excellent an officer.<sup>61</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">We are most thankful that Lord Raglan's valuable life has +been spared; and the Queen trusts that he will not expose +himself more than is absolutely necessary.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen cannot sufficiently express her high sense of the +great services he has rendered and is rendering to her and the +country, by the very able manner in which he has led the bravest +troops that ever fought, and which it is a pride to her to be +able to call her own. To mark the Queen's feelings of approbation +she wishes to confer on Lord Raglan the Baton of Field-Marshal. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.53" id="pageiii.53"></a>[page 53]</span> +It affords her the sincerest gratification to confer it +on one who has so nobly earned the highest rank in the Army, +which he so long served in under the immortal hero, who she +laments could not witness the success of a friend he so greatly +esteemed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Both the Prince and Queen are anxious to express to Lord +Raglan their unbounded admiration of the heroic conduct of +the Army, and their sincere sympathy in their sufferings and +privations so nobly borne.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Raglan for his kind letter of the 28th +ultimo.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 60: The English loss at the battle of Inkerman was over 2,500 killed and wounded; the +French lost 1,800. The loss of the enemy was doubtful, but the Russian estimate (much +smaller than our own) was about 12,000 killed, wounded, and prisoners. The Grand +Dukes Nicholas and Michael both fought in the battle.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 61: Besides Sir George Cathcart, Brigadier-Generals Strangways and Goldie were killed. +Sir George Brown was shot through the arm, Major-Generals Bentinck and Codrington, +and Brigadier-General Adams were all severely wounded, but not so seriously. Sir de +Lacy Evans a few days earlier, being then in shattered health, had had a fall from his +horse, and was absent from the battle. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S PROPOSAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London,</span> <i>23rd November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his most humble duty to your +Majesty. He regrets, at a moment of such public interest and +importance, to trouble your Majesty with domestic difficulties; +but he thinks it his duty to lay before your Majesty the enclosed +correspondence without delay.<sup>62</sup> Lord Aberdeen has for some +time past expected a proposition of this kind, and it is impossible +not to see that it may be attended with very serious consequences. +At first Lord Aberdeen was in doubt whether the +proposition was made by Lord J. Russell in concert with Lord +Palmerston; but this appears not to be the case. Much will +therefore depend on the decision of Lord Palmerston. Should +he join with Lord John, matters will probably be pushed to +extremity; but should he decline, Lord Aberdeen does not +think that Lord John will venture to act alone.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 62: Lord John Russell urged, in this correspondence, that Lord Palmerston should supersede +the Duke of Newcastle at the War Office. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Marquis of Dalhousie.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MAHARAJAH DHULEEP SINGH</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>24th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Dalhousie for his long and most +interesting and satisfactory letter of the 2nd of October.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is peculiarly gratifying to hear of such quiet and prosperity +in her vast Indian dominions, in which the Queen ever takes +the liveliest interest, and at the present moment of intense +anxiety, when England's best and noblest blood is being profusely +shed to resist the encroaching spirit of Russia. The +heroism of our noble Troops in the midst of herculean difficulties +and great privations is unequalled, and will fill Lord Dalhousie's +loyal and patriotic heart with pride and admiration. Though +entirely concurring in his opinion that Russia can undertake +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.54" id="pageiii.54"></a>[page 54]</span> +no invasion of India, her spirit of encroachment on the north +frontier must be carefully watched and, if possible, put a stop +to, when peace is made.</p> + +<p class="ind">The progress of the railroad will make an immense difference +in India, and tend more than anything else to bring about +civilisation, and will in the end facilitate the spread of Christianity, +which hitherto has made but very slow progress.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen was already aware of the idea formerly entertained +by the Maharajah Dhuleep Singh of marrying the young +Princess of Coorg.<sup>63</sup> Agreeing as she does with Lord Dalhousie +in the wisdom of advising the young man to pause before he +makes his choice of a wife, she thinks such a marriage between +these two most interesting young Christians most desirable; +indeed, as Lord Dalhousie himself observes, the difficulty of +any other marriage for either must be great. The young +people have met and were pleased with each other, so that the +Queen hopes that their union will, in the course of time, come +to pass. Her little god-daughter has been here lately, and +though still childish for her age (she is nearly fourteen) is +pretty, lively, intelligent, and going on satisfactorily in her +education.</p> + +<p class="ind">Of the young Maharajah, who has now been twice our guest, +we can only speak in terms of praise. He promises to be a +bright example to all Indian Princes, for he is thoroughly good +and amiable, and most anxious to improve himself.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 63: A few years earlier, while still holding his ancestral creed, Dhuleep Singh, had made +overtures to the ex-Rajah of Coorg with a view to his betrothal to the eldest daughter of +the latter; but at that time the matter was dropped. After becoming a Christian, and +having also heard of the baptism of the Princess of Coorg, the Maharajah renewed his +proposal, which, however, was not eventually accepted. The Princess married an +English officer, and died in 1864, aged twenty-four. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Prince Edward of Saxe-Weimar<a id="footnotetagXXIII64" name="footnotetagXXIII64"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII64"><sup>64</sup></a> to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BATTLE OF INKERMAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Camp before Sebastopol</span>, <i>28th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madam</span>,—Your Majesty's very kind letter reached me by +the last mail. I avail myself of your permission to write to +you again, although there is not much to say since I last wrote +to Prince Albert on the 7th or 8th of this month. I wrote to +him soon after the battle of Inkerman, when I was still under +the excitement of that fearful scene, and I am afraid that I +made use of expressions that I was afterwards sorry that I had +done. I believe I made some reflections on our Commanders, +which are at all times wrong. By this time your Majesty will, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.55" id="pageiii.55"></a>[page 55]</span> +of course, be in possession of all the details of that fearful day, +on which our loss was so very great.<a id="footnotetagXXIII65" name="footnotetagXXIII65"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIII65"><sup>65</sup></a> I made a mistake in +stating the number of dead in the Grenadiers; it was much +larger than I stated. I think we must have suffered more than +any other Corps, for, on the following day, when the roll was +called, two hundred and twenty-five men were absent; of +these one hundred and one were killed, and the rest wounded. +There cannot be any doubt that we allowed ourselves to be +surprised, for the first notice we had of the Russians was +receiving their heavy shot in the camp of the 2nd Division. +Nearly all their tents were torn by round shot. It is even said +that a shell lodged in an officer's portmanteau, burst, and, of +course, scattered all his goods to the winds. Experience has +made us wise, or rather Lord Raglan wise, for since that day +the French and ourselves have been busy in entrenching our +right; it is now so strong that no enemy can attack us there +with the slightest chance of success; it is only a pity it was not +done before. The Turks were chiefly employed making these +redoubts, which is in fact the only thing they have done except +burying the dead Russians. Never shall I forget the sight of +the dead and dying Russians on the field. Some of these poor +wretches had to lie on the field for at least sixty hours before +they were removed to the hospital tents; the majority of +course died. I am afraid this is one of the necessities of war, +for we had to remove our own people first. I went round the +hospitals next morning. It was a horrid sight to see the bodies +of the men who had died during the night stretched before the +tents, and to see the heaps of arms and legs, with the trousers +and boots still on, that had been cut off by the surgeons.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Russians were so near that most of the officers had to use +their swords and revolvers. Many single acts of daring took +place; among others, Colonel Percy,<sup>66</sup> of our Regiment, dashed +in front of his Company, sword in hand, into a dense body of +Russians who were in a battery. I was not in the thick of it, +but was engaged with an outlying picquet on the left of the +attack. George was in the very thick of it, and, not seeing me, +kept asking some of our men where I was. They did not know. +He tells me that he thought for a long time I was killed, and +even fancied that he had seen me lying on the ground; it +turned out later to have been poor Colonel Dawson's<sup>67</sup> body +which he mistook for me.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.56" id="pageiii.56"></a>[page 56]</span> + +<p class="ind">On the 14th we had a terrible storm, such a one as, fortunately +for mankind, does not happen but very rarely. All our tents +of course were blown down, and we passed the day very uncomfortably; +but at sea it was terrible. At Balaklava alone +more than two hundred and sixty souls perished, and eleven +ships went down. George will have been able to give you a +perfect account of it, for, for many hours, the <i>Retribution</i> was +in imminent danger. I went a few days after the storm to see +him on board.<sup>68</sup> ... He had a little fever or ague on him, but was +otherwise well. He has now gone to Constantinople....</p> + +<p class="ind">May I beg of your Majesty to remember me kindly to Prince +Albert and the Duchess of Kent. I have the honour, etc.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward of Saxe-Weimar</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIII64" name="footnoteXXIII64"> +</a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII64">Footnote 64:</a> Son of Duke Charles Bernard and Duchess Ida, the latter being a Princess of Saxe-Meiningen +and sister to Queen Adelaide. The Prince was at this time Lieut.-Colonel and +A.D.C. to Lord Raglan. He was afterwards A.D.C. to the Queen and ultimately Commander +of the Forces in Ireland. He died in 1902.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIII65" name="footnoteXXIII65"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIII65">Footnote 65:</a> + See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.53" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 53</a>, note 60.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 66: Colonel Henry Hugh Manvers Percy, 1817-1877, whose father afterwards became +the fifth Duke of Northumberland. The Legion of Honour, the Medjidie, and the V.C. +were all subsequently conferred on him.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 67: Hon. Thomas Vesey Dawson, brother of the third Lord Cremorne (created Earl of +Dartrey).</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 68: In this terrible hurricane the <i>Prince</i>, a new and magnificent steamer, with a cargo +of the value of £500,000, including powder, shot and shell, beds, blankets, warm clothing +for the troops, and medical stores for the hospitals, was lost; six men only of a crew of +one hundred and fifty were saved; but the soldiers of the Forty-sixth, whom she was +conveying to Balaklava, had happily been landed. Thirty of our transports, as well as +the French warship <i>Henri IV.</i>, were wrecked. A thousand men were lost, and many +more escaped drowning, only to fall into the hands of the Cossacks and be carried to +Sebastopol. One solitary source of consolation could be found in the circumstance +that the tempest did not occur at an earlier period, when six hundred vessels, heavily +laden and dangerously crowded together, were making their way from Varna to Old +Fort. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Newcastle.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE CRIMEAN MEDAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>30th November 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks that no time should be lost in announcing +the intention of the Queen to confer a <i>medal</i> on all those who +have been engaged in the arduous and brilliant campaign in the +Crimea.</p> + +<p class="ind">The medal should have the word "<i>Crimea</i>" on it, with an +appropriate device (for which it would be well to lose no time +in having a design made) and <i>clasps</i>—like to the Peninsular +Medal, with the names <i>Alma</i> and <i>Inkerman</i> inscribed on them, +according to who had been in one or both battles. <i>Sebastopol</i>, +should it fall, or any other name of a battle which Providence +may permit our brave troops to gain, can be inscribed on other +clasps hereafter to be added. The names <i>Alma</i> and <i>Inkerman</i> +should likewise be borne on the colours of all the regiments +who have been engaged in these bloody and glorious actions.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is sure that nothing will gratify and encourage our +noble troops more than the knowledge that this is to be done.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have just had two hours' most interesting conversation +with General Bentinck,<sup>69</sup> whose sound good sense and energy +make us deeply regret that he is not now on the spot; he is, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.57" id="pageiii.57"></a>[page 57]</span> +however, ready to go out again next year, as Lord Raglan +wishes to give him a Division. We hope that, after two or +three months' rest, he may be able to go out again.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 69: General (afterwards Sir Henry) Bentinck had been wounded at Inkerman; he +returned to the Crimea to command a Division. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>7th December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He would have been desirous of personally submitting to your +Majesty the result of the meeting of the Cabinet last night; +but he was apprehensive that his sudden journey to Windsor +Castle this morning would give rise to speculations and conjectures +which, in the present state of the Ministry, it is as well +to avoid.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen thinks he may venture to assure your Majesty +that the correspondence recently circulated is regarded by all +the Members of the Cabinet precisely in the same light; and +that the propositions of Lord John Russell are considered by +all as quite untenable. Lord Palmerston forms no exception; +and, whatever may be his views in future, it is clear that at +present he contemplates no changes in the Government. Lord +John was himself fully aware of this unanimity, and remained +entirely silent with respect to his former suggestions. He +dwelt in general terms on the absence of vigour in the prosecution +of the war, and stated his conviction that the same +course would be observed in future. He referred to his position +in the House of Commons with much bitterness, and declared +that he would never pass such another Session of Parliament +as the last. He attributed the frequent defeats of the Government +in the House of Commons to the Reform Bill having been +withdrawn, by which it was shown that hostile attacks might +be made with impunity.</p> + +<p class="ind">It was obvious, however, that the drift of his observations +tended to the substitution of himself as the Head of the Government +rather than to any change of Departments; and this he +did not deny, when Lord Aberdeen pointed out the inference +to be drawn from his remarks.</p> + +<p class="ind">Finally, Lord John said that he had quite made up his mind. +He was ready to continue in office during the short Session +before Christmas, and to defend all that had been done; but +that he was determined to retire after Christmas. An observation +being made that it would be unconstitutional to go into +Parliament with such a determination, he replied that, if such +was the opinion, he would request Lord Aberdeen to convey +his resignation to-morrow morning to your Majesty, which, at +all events, would be perfectly constitutional.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.58" id="pageiii.58"></a>[page 58]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen feels it to be his duty to state to your Majesty +that, whatever may be the real cause, Lord John has made +up his mind to act in the manner he has announced.</p> + +<p class="ind">In this situation it is Lord Aberdeen's desire to come to your +Majesty's assistance by any means in his power. Lord John's +defection will be a great blow, from which it is very doubtful +if the Government could recover; but Lord Aberdeen will come +to no conclusion or form any decided opinion until he shall +have had the honour of seeing your Majesty.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CABINET DISSENSIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen arrived yesterday evening, leaving the +Cabinet sitting, revising the Speech from the Throne.<sup>70</sup> He +had come to no decision. Sir James Graham and Mr Gladstone +had been anxious that he should accept Lord John's +resignation at once. He himself felt reluctant to do anything +which might be considered harsh towards Lord John, and might +make him a martyr hereafter. There was no doubt, however, +that they could not go on with Lord John. The universal +feeling of the Cabinet seemed to be one of indignation ... at +Lord John's conduct. Nobody had expressed himself stronger +about it than Lord Lansdowne to Lord Clarendon, feeling it, as +he said, "quite a necessity to speak out." The Chancellor +said he owed his political allegiance to Lord John as well as his +office; but as a man of honour he could not go with him. Lord +Granville feels the same. Lord Palmerston had written a long +and very able letter to Lord John, proving the impossibility +of joining the offices of Secretary at War and Secretary of State +for War. Lord John had now, however, dropped his proposal +altogether, and made it quite clear that it was Lord Aberdeen +he wished to have removed. He said to Lord Palmerston: +"When the Cabinet was formed, I always understood that Lord +Aberdeen would soon give me up my old place; it has now +lasted more than two years, and he seemed to get enamoured +with office, and I could not meet the House of Commons in the +position I was in last Session."</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 70: Parliament was to meet on the 12th, chiefly for the purpose of passing a Foreign +Enlistment Bill, authorising the immediate enlistment of 15,000 (afterwards reduced to +10,000) foreigners, to be drilled in this country. +</p> + +<p class="ind">In answer to Lord Palmerston's enquiry what he would do, +and how he could expose the Country to such fearful risks at +such a moment, he said that he would support the Government +out of office. "You will support it at the head of a very +virulent Opposition," was Lord Palmerston's reply; "and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.59" id="pageiii.59"></a>[page 59]</span> +when you have succeeded in overthrowing the Government, +which has difficulty enough to hold its ground even with your +assistance, what will you say to the Country? Will you +say: 'Here I am. I have triumphed, and have displaced, +in the midst of most hazardous operations, all the ablest men +the Country has produced; but I shall take their place with +Mr Vernon Smith, Lord Seymour, Lord Minto, and others....'"</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Wood is the only person who says it is all nothing, +and he knows Lord John, and it is sure to blow over.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen said it is come to a point where this is no +longer possible, as he laid his ground not only on the position +that the war had been badly conducted, but that it <i>would</i> be +so for the future.</p> + +<p class="ind">At the Cabinet yesterday a significant incident occurred: +Lord John asked what should become of Reform. Lord +Aberdeen's answer was, that it had been set aside on account +of the war, and that as the war was now raging at its height, +it could not be brought on again. Later, when they came to +the passage about Education, Lord John made an alteration +in the Draft, adding something about strengthening the institutions +of the Country. Lord Palmerston started up and +asked: "Does that mean Reform?" Lord John answered: +"It might or might not." "Well, then," said Lord Palmerston, +with a heat of manner which struck the whole Cabinet, +and was hardly justified by the occasion, "I wish it to be +understood that I protest against any direct or indirect attempt +to bring forward the Reform question again!" Lord +John, nettled, muttered to himself, but loud enough to be +heard by everybody: "Then I shall bring forward the +Reform Bill at once."</p> + +<p class="ind">It is evident to me that after this a junction between Lord +Palmerston and Lord John is impossible, and that it must have +been Lord Palmerston's object to make this clear to the Cabinet. +Lord Aberdeen has declared that he is quite willing to yield +his post to Lord John—but that it would not suffice to have +got a head—that there must be some Members also, and where +are they to be found? He is certain that not one of the +present Cabinet could now serve under Lord John. An +attempt to solve the question how the present Government +is to be maintained, naturally leads everybody to the same +conclusion: that Lord Palmerston must be substituted for +Lord John as the Leader of the House of Commons. Disagreeable +as this must be ... to Lord Aberdeen, and dangerous +as the experiment may turn out, we agreed with Lord Aberdeen +that he should make the offer to him with the Queen's consent. +An alternative proposed by Lord Clarendon, that Lord +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.60" id="pageiii.60"></a>[page 60]</span> +Aberdeen should ask Lord John what he advised him to do +under the circumstances, was strongly condemned by me, as +depriving Lord Aberdeen of all the advantage of the initiative +with Lord Palmerston. Lord Aberdeen states his great +difficulty to be not only the long antecedent and mutual +opposition between him and Lord Palmerston, but also the +fact that Lord Palmerston loved war for war's sake, and he +peace for peace' sake.... He consoled himself, however, at +last by the reflection that Lord Palmerston was not worse than +Lord John in that respect, and, on the other hand, gave greater +weight to the consideration of what was practicable. It remains +open for the present whether Lord John is to act as the +organ for the Government during the short Session, and resign +afterwards, or to resign now.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD ROKEBY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>10th December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is glad to hear of Lord Rokeby's readiness to go +out, as she is sure that he will prove himself an efficient officer +in command of that noble Brigade of Guards.<sup>71</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must repeat again her opinion relative to General +Bentinck. She thinks that he ought to go out again, and that, +if a division were offered to him, he would not hesitate (when +he has recruited his health) to go out. For the sake of +example it would be most desirable, for there evidently is an +inclination to ask for leave to go home, which would be very +detrimental to the Army.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 71: Lord Rokeby had on the previous evening been offered and had accepted the +command. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>16th December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +The Cabinet met to-day, and discussed various measures, +with a view to their introduction into Parliament during the +course of the ensuing Session. In this discussion Lord John +Russell took an active part, and must have greatly astonished +his colleagues, after their knowledge of all that had recently +passed. Lord Aberdeen had been previously made aware, +although not by himself, of the change which had taken place in +Lord John's intentions. After the meeting of the Cabinet, +Lord John came to Lord Aberdeen, and spoke of the affair of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.61" id="pageiii.61"></a>[page 61]</span> +Mr Kennedy,<sup>72</sup> but did not seem disposed to advert to any other +subject. Lord Aberdeen therefore took an opportunity of +referring to the correspondence which had taken place, and the +notice which had been given by Lord John. Without any +embarrassment, or apparent sense of inconsistency, he at once +admitted that he had changed his intention, and attributed +it chiefly to a conversation yesterday with Lord Panmure, +who, although a great military reformer, had convinced him +that the present was not a fitting time for his proposed changes.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen had not seen any member of the Cabinet +this evening since the meeting terminated, and does not know +how they may be affected by this change. Some, he feels sure, +will be disappointed; but, on the whole, he feels disposed to +be well satisfied. It is true that there can be no security for +a single week; and it is impossible to escape from a sense +of self-degradation by submitting to such an unprecedented +state of relations amongst colleagues; but the scandal of a +rupture would be so great, and the evils which might ensue so +incalculable, that Lord Aberdeen is sincerely convinced it will +be most advantageous for your Majesty's service, and for the +public, to endeavour, by a conciliatory and prudent course of +conduct, to preserve tranquillity and union as long as possible. +This does not exclude the necessity of firmness; and in the +present case Lord Aberdeen has yielded nothing whatever, +but he has received Lord John's change without resentment or +displeasure.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 72: Mr Kennedy (who was remotely connected by marriage with Lord John) had been +removed by Mr Gladstone from an office he held. Lord John took it up as a family +matter. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Newcastle to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE SCUTARI HOSPITAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">War Department</span>, <i>22nd December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">... The Duke of Newcastle assures your Majesty that the +condition of the Hospital at Scutari, and the entire want of +all method and arrangement in everything which concerns +the comfort of the Army, are subjects of constant and most +painful anxiety to him, and he wishes most earnestly that he +could see his way clearly to an early and complete remedy.<sup>73</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Nothing can be more just than are all your Majesty's +comments upon the state of facts exhibited by these letters, and +the Duke of Newcastle has repeatedly, during the last two +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.62" id="pageiii.62"></a>[page 62]</span> +months, written in the strongest terms respecting them—but +hitherto without avail, and with little other result than a +denial of charges, the truth of which must now be considered +to be substantiated.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty is aware that the Duke of Newcastle sent out +a Commission to enquire into the whole state of the Medical +Department nearly three months ago, and he expects a report +very soon.</p> + +<p class="ind">In the meantime, the Duke of Newcastle will again write +in the sense of your Majesty's letter to him.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 73: Early in November, a band of capable and devoted nurses, under the superintendence +of Miss Florence Nightingale, had arrived at Scutari, the experiment having been devised +and projected by Mr Sidney Herbert, who was a personal friend of Miss Nightingale. +The party was accompanied by Mr and Mrs Bracebridge, whose letters describing the +condition of the hospitals had been sent by the Queen to the Duke of Newcastle. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>30th December 1854.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Once more, in this old and very +<i>eventful</i> year, allow me to address you, and to ask you for the +continuation of that love and affection which you have ever +borne me! May God bless you and yours in this New Year—and +though the old one departs in war and blood, may we +hope to see this year restore peace to this troubled world, and +may <i>we</i> meet again also!</p> + +<p class="ind">With the affectionate wishes of all the children, believe me +always, your most devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.63" id="pageiii.63"></a>[page 63]</span> + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXIV</h3> + + +<p>At the end of the year 1854, negotiations had been on foot with a +view to terminating the war, on terms which were known as the +"Four Points," the third of which was designed to extinguish +Russian preponderance in the Black Sea; and a conference of the +Powers ultimately assembled at Vienna for the purpose. Early in +1855, Sardinia, under the influence of Cavour, her Premier, joined +the Western Alliance against Russia. On Parliament re-assembling +in January, Mr Roebuck gave notice of a motion for the appointment +of a Committee to enquire into the conduct of the war. Lord John +Russell, finding himself unable to resist the motion, at once resigned, +and the Ministry was overwhelmingly defeated by a majority of more +than two to one. Lord Derby, as Leader of the Conservative +Opposition, was summoned to form a Ministry, but failed to do so; +the age of Lord Lansdowne prevented his accepting the Premiership; +and Lord John Russell, whose action had largely contributed to the +defeat of the coalition, then attempted the task, but found that he +could not command the support even of his old Whig colleagues. The +Queen accordingly desired Lord Palmerston, whom the voice of the +country unmistakably indicated for the Premiership, to construct a +Government; he was successful in the attempt, the Cabinet being a +reconstruction of that of Lord Aberdeen, with Lord Panmure substituted +for the Duke of Newcastle at the War Office, while Lord +John Russell was appointed British Plenipotentiary at the Vienna +Conference. The new Premier desired to prevent the actual appointment +of the Committee which Mr Roebuck's motion demanded, the +displacement of the late Ministry—the real objective of the attack—having +been effected; but as the House of Commons manifested a +determination to proceed with the appointment of the Committee, +the Peelite section of the Cabinet (Sir James Graham, Mr Gladstone, +and Mr Sidney Herbert) withdrew, and Lord John Russell, who was +then on his way to Vienna, accepted the Secretaryship of the Colonies. +Early in March, the Czar Nicholas died suddenly of pulmonary +apoplexy, and the expectation of peace increased; shortly afterwards, +the Emperor and Empress of the French paid a state visit to this +country, and were received with much enthusiasm, the Emperor +being made a Knight of the Garter.</p> + +<p>In February, a determined attack by the Russians upon Eupatoria +was repulsed by the Turks; the defenders of Sebastopol, however, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.64" id="pageiii.64"></a>[page 64]</span> +succeeded in occupying and fortifying an important position, afterwards +known as the "Mamelon." The bombardment was resumed +by the Allies in April, and a successful attack made upon Kertsch, +from which the supplies of Sebastopol were mainly drawn; while +a squadron under Captain Lyons destroyed the Russian magazines +and stores in the Sea of Azov. General Canrobert was succeeded in +the French command by General Pélissier, and on the 7th of June +the Mamelon was taken by the French. A desperate but, as it +proved, unsuccessful assault was then made by the Allies on the +Redan and Malakhoff batteries; at this juncture Lord Raglan died, +and was succeeded in the command by General Simpson.</p> + +<p>The Vienna Conference proved abortive, Russia refusing to accept +the third point, and though a compromise was proposed by Austria, +which was favoured by the British and French Plenipotentiaries, +their respective Governments did not ratify their views. The negotiations +accordingly broke down, and Lord John Russell, on his +return, used language in Parliament quite inconsistent with the view +which it afterwards appeared he had urged at Vienna. He was loudly +denounced for this, and, to avoid Parliamentary censure, again +resigned office.</p> + +<p>Among the measures which became law during the session, were +those for enabling companies to be formed with limited liability, and +for granting self-government to some of the Australasian Colonies. +The Committee appointed by the House of Commons held its meetings +in public (after a proposal to keep its investigations secret had +been rejected), and, by the casting vote of the Chairman, reported that +the late Cabinet, when directing the expedition to the Crimea, had +had no adequate information as to the force they would have to +encounter there; but a motion to "visit with severe reprehension" +every member of the Cabinet was parried by carrying the "previous +question."</p> + +<p>In August, the Queen and Prince Albert paid a return visit to the +French Emperor, and were received with great magnificence in Paris, +while later in the year King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia visited this +country, and was made a Knight of the Garter. On the 9th of +August, Sweaborg was severely bombarded by the allied fleets in the +Baltic, and a forlorn attempt to raise the siege of Sebastopol resulted +in another decisive success at the Tchernaya, the Sardinian contingent +fighting with great bravery. Sebastopol fell on the 8th of +September, after a siege of three hundred and forty-nine days; the +citadel of Kinburn was bombarded and surrendered in October, after +which General Simpson retired, in favour of Sir William Codrington. +On the other hand, the fortress of Kars in Armenia, which had been +defended by General Fenwick Williams, had to surrender to the +Russian General Mouravieff, in circumstances, however, so honourable, +that the officers were allowed to retain their swords, and their +General received a Baronetcy and a pension of £1000 a year.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.65" id="pageiii.65"></a>[page 65]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXIV</h2> + +<h5>1855</h5> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE FOUR POINTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>9th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen received Lord Clarendon's box by special messenger +yesterday evening. The acceptance by Russia of our +interpretation of the four points<sup>1</sup> is a most clever, diplomatic +manœuvre, and very embarrassing for us at this moment, +before Sebastopol is taken, and before Austria has been compelled +to join in the war. It leaves us no alternative but to +meet in conference, which, however, in the Queen's opinion, +ought to be preceded by a despatch to Austria, putting on +record our opinion as to the nature and object of the step taken +by Russia, and the advantages she hopes to derive by it from +Austria and Germany, and the disadvantages she expects to +inflict on the Western Powers. As hostilities ought not to +be interrupted unless the Russians give up Sebastopol and +evacuate the Crimea (which would give rest and quiet to our +poor soldiers), there still remains the hope of our getting the +place before preliminaries of peace could be signed; and in +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.66" id="pageiii.66"></a>[page 66]</span> +that case a Peace on the four points would be everything we +could desire, and much preferable to the chance of future +convulsions of the whole state of Europe. Russia would then +have yielded all our wishes for the future.</p> + +<p class="ind">A mere moral defeat, such as Count Buol seems disposed +to consider as sufficient, would soon prove to have been none +at all, and Austria would be the Power which, to its cost, +would find out (when too late) that the preponderance of +Russia is by no means diminished.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has given her permission to Lord John to go to +Paris; he will find the Emperor as little able to help himself +in this stage of the business as ourselves.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is afraid that the news of the Russian acceptance +may induce our commanders in the Crimea to rest on their +oars, and thinks it necessary, therefore, that immediate orders +should go out, pointing out that the early fall of the town is +just now more important than ever.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Clarendon to communicate this +letter to Lord Aberdeen and the Duke of Newcastle.</p> + +<p class="ind">She returns to Windsor this afternoon.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: The celebrated "Four Points" were— +</p> + +<p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">1. Cessation</span> of the Russian protectorate over Moldavia, + Wallachia, and Servia: the privileges granted by the Sultan + to the Principalities to be collectively guaranteed by the + Powers.</p> + <p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">2. Free navigation</span> of the Danube.</p> + <p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">3. Termination</span> of the preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea.</p> + <p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">4. Abandonment</span> by Russia of her claim over any subjects of the + Porte; the Five Powers to co-operate in obtaining from the + Sultan the confirmation and observance of the religious + privileges of the different Christian communities, and to + turn to account in their common interest the generous + intentions manifested by the Sultan, without infringing + his dignity or the independence of his crown.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">Towards the end of 1854, negotiations as to the Four Points had been proceeding +between the Allies and Austria, and on the 28th of December the Three Powers had +agreed in communicating to Russia a memorandum giving a more exact interpretation +of the Four Points. This was agreed upon as the basis on which the Plenipotentiaries +were to meet at Vienna to settle the Eastern Question, and to conclude the war.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">Another event, productive ultimately of results of great importance, took place at +the end of January. King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia joined the Western Alliance, +and despatched 15,000 men under General La Marmora to the Crimea. This act was +inspired by Cavour, the Sardinian Prime Minister, who took the step that Austria hesitated +to take, and thereby established strong claims both upon the Emperor Napoleon and +Lord Palmerston. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD ABERDEEN AND THE GARTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>10th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Before Parliament meets for probably a very stormy Session, +the Queen wishes to give a public testimony of her continued +confidence in Lord Aberdeen's administration, by offering him +the vacant Blue Ribbon. The Queen need not add a word +on her personal feelings of regard and friendship for Lord +Aberdeen, which are known to him now for a long period of +years.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>10th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his most humble duty to your +Majesty. He has had the honour of receiving your Majesty's +most gracious letter, and humbly begs to return your Majesty +his grateful acknowledgments for this mark of your Majesty's +continued confidence and favour. When your Majesty +mentioned the subject to Lord Aberdeen some time ago, he +had not thought of any such distinction; and perhaps at his +time of life, and with his present prospects, he scarcely ought +to do so. There is no doubt that this unequivocal mark of +gracious favour might strengthen his hands, and especially in +those quarters where it would be most useful; but the power +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.67" id="pageiii.67"></a>[page 67]</span> +of misconstruction and malevolence is so great that the effect +might possibly be more injurious than beneficial.</p> + +<p class="ind">Perhaps your Majesty would be graciously pleased to permit +Lord Aberdeen to reflect a little on the subject, and to submit +his thoughts to your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen entreats your Majesty to believe that in this, +as in everything else, it is his desire to look exclusively to your +Majesty's welfare. When he leaves your Majesty's service, +your Majesty may be fully aware of his many imperfections as +a Minister; but he trusts that your Majesty will always have +reason to regard him as perfectly disinterested.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>11th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his most humble duty to your +Majesty. He has maturely reflected on the subject of your +Majesty's gracious letter of yesterday, and he is fully sensible +of the very important advantage which, in his official position, +he might derive from such a public and signal proof of your +Majesty's confidence and favour.</p> + +<p class="ind">Although this might naturally give rise to more or less of +political animadversion, Lord Aberdeen would not hesitate in +his decision, if the alternative were only between himself and +some Peer of high rank whose claim consisted in being a supporter +of the Government; but Lord Aberdeen believes that +he may venture to make a suggestion to your Majesty, the +effect of which would redound to your Majesty's honour, and +which might not prove altogether disadvantageous to himself.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen understands that in consequence of the +regulations of the Order, Lord Cardigan could not properly +receive the Grand Cross of the Bath. From his rank and station, +Lord Cardigan might fairly pretend to the Garter, but his +violent party politics would make it impossible for Lord Aberdeen, +under ordinary circumstances, to submit his name to +your Majesty for this purpose. At the same time, Lord Cardigan's +great gallantry and personal sacrifices seem to afford him +a just claim to your Majesty's favourable consideration; and +Lord Aberdeen believes that to confer upon him the Blue Ribbon +at this moment would be regarded as a very graceful act +on the part of your Majesty. It is even possible that Lord +Aberdeen's political opponents might give him some credit for +tendering such advice.</p> + +<p class="ind">If therefore your Majesty should be pleased to take the same +view of this matter, Lord Aberdeen would communicate with +Lord Cardigan on his arrival in London, and would willingly +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.68" id="pageiii.68"></a>[page 68]</span> +postpone all consideration of your Majesty's gracious intentions +towards himself. But Lord Aberdeen will venture humbly to +repeat his grateful sense of all your Majesty's kindness, and his +acknowledgments for the expression of sentiments which he can +never sufficiently value.<sup>2</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 2: Subsequently Lord Aberdeen yielded to the Queen's affectionate insistence, and was +installed Knight of the Garter at a Chapter held on the 7th of February. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Newcastle.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WELFARE OF THE ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed despatch to the Duke of +Newcastle, which she has read with much pleasure, as bringing +before Lord Raglan in an official manner—which will require +official enquiry and <i>answer</i>—the various points so urgently +requiring his attention and remedial effort. It is at the same +time so delicately worded that it ought not to offend, although +it cannot help, from its matter, being painful to Lord Raglan. +The Queen has only one remark to make, viz. the entire omission +of her name throughout the document. It speaks simply +in the name of the <i>People</i> of England, and of <i>their</i> sympathy, +whilst the Queen feels it to be one of her highest prerogatives +and dearest duties to care for the welfare and success of <i>her</i> +Army. Had the despatch not gone before it was submitted to +the Queen, in a few words the Duke of Newcastle would have +rectified this omission.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Newcastle might with truth have added that, +making every allowance for the difficulties before Sebastopol, +it is difficult to imagine how the Army could ever be <i>moved</i> in the +field, if the impossibility of keeping it alive is felt in a <i>stationary +camp</i> only seven miles from its harbour, with the whole British +Navy and hundreds of transports at its command.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>13th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Aberdeen's letter of the 11th, +and has since seen Lord John Russell's letter. It shows that +the practice of the Queen's different Cabinet Ministers going to +Paris, to have personal explanations with the Emperor, besides +being hardly a constitutional practice, must lead to much +misunderstanding. How is the Emperor to distinguish between +the views of the Queen's Government and the private opinions +of the different members of the Cabinet, all more or less varying, +particularly in a Coalition Government?</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes therefore that this will be the last such +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.69" id="pageiii.69"></a>[page 69]</span> +visit. The Ambassador is the official organ of communication, +and the Foreign Secretary is responsible for his doing his duty, +and has the means of controlling him by his instructions and +the despatches he receives, all of which are placed on record.<sup>3</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 3: The cause of Lord John's visit to Paris had been the illness there of his sister-in-law, +Lady Harriet Elliot; but he took the opportunity of conferring both with the +Emperor and his Ministers on the conduct of the war.—Walpole's <i>Life of Lord John +Russell</i>, chap. <span class="sc">xxv</span>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord Raglan to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER FROM LORD RAGLAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Before Sebastopol</span>, <i>20th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Raglan presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and +has the honour to acknowledge with every sentiment of devotion +and gratitude your Majesty's most gracious letter of 1st +January, and the kind wishes which your Majesty and the +Prince are pleased to unite in offering to the Army and your +Majesty's most humble servant on the occasion of the New +Year.</p> + +<p class="ind">The deep concern and anxiety felt by your Majesty and the +Prince for the privations of the troops, their unceasing labours, +their exposure to bad weather, and the extensive sickness +which prevails among them, are invaluable proofs of the lively +interest which your Majesty and His Royal Highness take in +the welfare of an Army which, under no circumstances, will +cease to revere the name, and apply all its best energies to the +service of your Majesty.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE COMMISSARIAT</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Raglan can with truth assure your Majesty that his +whole time and all his thoughts are occupied in endeavouring +to provide for the various wants of your Majesty's troops. It +has not been in his power to lighten the burthen of their duties. +Those exacted from them before Sebastopol are for the preservation +of the trenches and batteries; and there are many other +calls upon the men, more especially when, as at present, the +roads are so bad that wheeled carriages can no longer be used, +and that the horse transport is diminished by sickness and +death, and that the Commissariat, having no longer any sufficient +means of conveyance at its command, cannot bring up +the daily supplies without their assistance, thereby adding, +however inevitably, to their labour and fatigue.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Raglan begs leave to submit, for your Majesty's information, +that the Allied Armies have no intercourse with the +country, and can derive no resources from it; and consequently +all the requirements for the conveyance of stores and provisions, +as well as the stores and provisions themselves, must be imported. +Such a necessity forms in itself a difficulty of vast +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.70" id="pageiii.70"></a>[page 70]</span> +magnitude, which has been greatly felt by him, and has been +productive of the most serious consequences to the comfort and +welfare of the Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">The coffee sent from Constantinople has been received and +issued to the troops green, the Commissariat having no means +whatever of roasting it. Very recently, however, an able +officer of the Navy, Captain Heath of the <i>Sanspareil</i>, undertook +to have machines made by the engineers on board his ship for +roasting coffee; and in this he has succeeded, but they have not +yet produced as much as is required for the daily consumption.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Commissary-General applied to the Treasury for roasted +coffee three months ago. None has as yet arrived. A very +large amount of warm clothing has been distributed, and your +Majesty's soldiers, habited in the cloaks of various countries, +might be taken for the troops of any nation as well as those of +England.</p> + +<p class="ind">Huts have arrived in great abundance, and as much progress +is made in getting them up as could be hoped for, considering +that there has been a very heavy fall of snow, and that a thaw +has followed it, and the extremely limited means of conveyance +at command.</p> + +<p class="ind">Much having been said, as Lord Raglan has been given to +understand, in private letters, of the inefficiency of the officers +of the Staff, he considers it to be due to your Majesty, and a +simple act of justice to those individuals, to assure your Majesty +that he has every reason to be satisfied with their exertions, +their indefatigable zeal, and undeviating, close attention +to their duties, and he may be permitted to add that the horse +and mule transport for the carriage of provisions and stores are +under the charge of the Commissariat, not of the Staff, and +that the Department in question engages the men who are hired +to take care of it, and has exclusive authority over them.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Raglan transmitted to the Duke of Newcastle, in the +month of December, the report of a Medical Board, which he +caused to assemble at Constantinople for the purpose of ascertaining +the state of health of the Duke of Cambridge. The +report evidently showed the necessity of His Royal Highness's +return to England for its re-establishment. This, Lord Raglan +knows, was the opinion of the Honourable Lieutenant-Colonel +Macdonald,<sup>4</sup> whose attention and devotion to His Royal Highness +could not be surpassed, and who was himself very anxious +to remain with the Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke, however, has not gone further than Malta, where, +it is said, his health has not improved.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 4: The Hon. James Bosville Macdonald [1810-1882], son of the third Baron Macdonald, +A.D.C., Equerry and Private Secretary to the Duke of Cambridge. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.71" id="pageiii.71"></a>[page 71]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ARMY BOARD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>22nd January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Aberdeen's letter of yesterday, +giving an account of the proceedings of the last Cabinet....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is quite prepared to sanction the proposal of +constituting the Secretary of State for War, the Commander-in-Chief, +the Master-General of the Ordnance, and the Secretary +at War, a Board on the affairs of the Army, which promises +more unity of action in these Departments, and takes notice of +the fact that the powers and functions of the Commander-in-Chief +are not to be changed. As these, however, rest entirely +on tradition, and are in most cases ambiguous and undefined, +the Queen would wish that they should be clearly defined, and +this the more so as she transacts certain business directly with +him, and ought to be secured against getting into any collision +with the Secretary of State, who also takes her pleasure, and +gives orders to the Commander-in-Chief. She would further +ask to be regularly furnished with the Minutes of the proceedings +of the new Board, in order to remain acquainted with what is +going on.</p> + +<p class="ind">Unless, however, the Militia be made over to the direction +of the Secretary of State for <i>War</i>, our Army system will still +remain very incomplete. The last experience has shown that +the Militia will have to be looked upon as the chief source for +recruiting the Army, and this will never be done harmoniously +and well, unless they both be brought under the same control.</p> + +<p class="ind">With reference to the Investiture of the Garter, the Queen +need not assure Lord Aberdeen that there are few, if any, on +whom she will confer the Blue Ribbon with greater pleasure +than on so kind and valued a friend as he is to us both.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>24th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he has had the honour of receiving your Majesty's gracious +invitation to Windsor Castle. He would have waited upon +your Majesty this day had he not been constrained by a sense +of duty to write to Lord Aberdeen last night a letter of which +he submits a copy.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell trusts your Majesty will be graciously +pleased to comply at once with his request. But he feels it +would be right to attend your Majesty's farther commands +before he has the honour of waiting upon your Majesty.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.72" id="pageiii.72"></a>[page 72]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;">[<i>Enclosure in previous Letter.</i>]</h5> + +<h5><i>Lord John Russell to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR. ROEBUCK'S MOTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>23rd January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Aberdeen</span>,—Mr Roebuck has given notice of a +Motion to enquire into the conduct of the war. I do not see how this +Motion is to be resisted. But as it involves a censure of the War +Departments with which some of my colleagues are connected, my +only course is to tender my resignation.</p> + +<p class="ind">I therefore have to request you will lay my humble resignation of +the office, which I have the honour to hold, before the Queen, with +the expression of my gratitude for Her Majesty's kindness for many +years. I remain, my dear Lord Aberdeen, yours very truly,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Russell</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL RESIGNS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, 24th <i>January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has this moment received Lord John Russell's +letter and enclosure, and must express to him her surprise +and concern at hearing so abruptly of his intention to desert +her Government on the Motion of Mr Roebuck.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Yesterday evening Lord Aberdeen came down here. He had +heard that Lord John had written to the Queen, and she showed +him the correspondence. He then reported that Lord John's +letter to him had come without the slightest notice and warning, +and whatever the cause for it might be, the object could only be +to upset the Government. Upon receiving it, he had sent for +the Duke of Newcastle and shown it to him. The Duke at +once proposed, that as a sacrifice seemed to be required to +appease the public for the want of success in the Crimea, he +was quite ready to be that sacrifice, and entreated that Lord +Aberdeen would put his office into the hands of Lord Palmerston, +who possessed the confidence of the nation; Lord +Aberdeen should propose this at once to the Cabinet, he himself +would support the Government <i>out</i> of office like <i>in</i> office. Lord +Aberdeen then went to Lord Palmerston to communicate to him +what had happened, and ascertain his feelings. Lord Palmerston +was disgusted at Lord John's behaviour,<sup>5</sup> and did not +consider himself the least bound to be guided by him; he +admitted that somehow or other the Public had a notion that +he would manage the War Department better than anybody +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.73" id="pageiii.73"></a>[page 73]</span> +else; as for himself, he did not expect to do it half so well as +the Duke of Newcastle, but was prepared to try it, not to let the +Government be dissolved, which at this moment would be a +real calamity for the country.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 5: Lord Palmerston wrote him a most scathing letter on the subject. +</p> + +<p class="ind">The Cabinet met at two o'clock, and Lord Aberdeen laid the +case before it. The Duke then made his proposal, and was +followed by Lord Palmerston, who stated pretty much the +same as he had done in the morning, upon which Sir George +Grey said it did both the Duke and Lord Palmerston the highest +honour, but he saw no possibility of resisting Mr Roebuck's +Motion without Lord John; Sir Charles Wood was of the same +opinion. Lord Clarendon proposed that, as the Duke had given +up his Department to Lord Palmerston, Lord John might be +induced to remain; but this was at once rejected by Lord +Aberdeen on the ground that they might be justified in sacrificing +the Duke to the wishes of the Country, but they could not +to Lord John, with any degree of honour. The upshot was, +that the Whig Members of the Cabinet, not being inclined to +carry on the Government (including Lord Lansdowne), they +came to the unanimous determination to tender their resignations.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen protested against this, as exposing her and the +Country to the greatest peril, as it was impossible to change the +Government at this moment without deranging the whole +external policy in diplomacy and war, and there was nobody +to whom the reins could be confided. Lord Derby and his +party would never have done, but now he had allied himself +with Lord Ellenborough, who was determined to have the +conduct of the war....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen thought yet, that on him<sup>6</sup> devolved the +responsibility of replacing what he wantonly destroyed. The +Queen insisted, however, that Lord Aberdeen should make +one appeal to the Cabinet to stand by her, which he promised +to do to the best of his ability, but without hope of success. +The Cabinet will meet at twelve o'clock to-day, but at five the +Ministers will have to announce their determination to the +Houses of Parliament, as Mr Roebuck's Motion stands for that +hour.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 6: <i>I.e.</i>, Lord John Russell. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN'S JUSTIFICATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>25th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He has received with deep regret the imputations of deserting +the Government.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.74" id="pageiii.74"></a>[page 74]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell, after being at the head of the Ministry +for more than five years, and being then the leader of a great +party, consented to serve under Lord Aberdeen, and served for +more than a year and a half without office.</p> + +<p class="ind">After sacrificing his position and his reputation for two +years, he has come to the conclusion that it would not be for +the benefit of the country to resist Mr Roebuck's Motion. +But it is clear that the enquiry he contemplates could not be +carried on without so weakening the authority of the Government +that it could not usefully go on.</p> + +<p class="ind">In these circumstances Lord John Russell has pursued the +course which he believes to be for the public benefit.</p> + +<p class="ind">With the most sincere respect for Lord Aberdeen, he felt +he could not abandon his sincere convictions in order to +maintain the Administration in office.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is the cause of much pain to him that, after sacrificing +his position in order to secure your Majesty's service from +interruption, he should not have obtained your Majesty's +approbation.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter of +to-day in explanation of his resignation. She has done full +justice to the high-minded and disinterested manner in which +Lord John sacrificed two years ago his position as former +Prime Minister and as Leader of a great party, in consenting +to serve under Lord Aberdeen, and hopes she has sufficiently +expressed this to him at the time. He will since have found +a further proof of her desire to do anything which could be +agreeable to him in his position, by cheerfully agreeing to all +the various changes of offices which he has at different times +wished for. If Lord John will consider, however, the moment +which he has now chosen to leave her Government, and the +abrupt way in which his unexpected intention of agreeing in +a vote implying censure of the Government was announced +to her, he cannot be surprised that she could not express her +approbation.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN'S INDIGNATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen arrived at six o'clock to report the result +of the meeting of the Cabinet, which was so far satisfactory that +they agreed upon retaining office at present for the purpose +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.75" id="pageiii.75"></a>[page 75]</span> +of meeting Mr Roebuck's Motion. They expect (most of +them, at least) to be beat and to have to resign, but they think +it more honourable to be driven out than to run away. They +will meet Parliament therefore without making any changes +in the offices. Lord Aberdeen and the Duke of Newcastle +fancy even that they will have a chance of defeating Mr Roebuck's +Motion. Sir George Grey has declared, however, that, +perfectly willing as he is not to desert his post at this moment, +he will consider himself at liberty to resign even after success, +as he thinks the Government has no chance of standing with +Lord John in Opposition. The other Whigs would in that case +very likely do the same, and the Government come to an end +in this way; but it is not impossible that Sir George Grey may +be prevailed upon by the Queen to stay. Much must depend +upon the nature of the Debate.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen seems to have put the Queen's desire that +the Cabinet should reconsider their former decision in the +strongest words, which seems to have brought about the +present result. He saw Lord John this morning who, though +personally civil towards himself, was very much excited and +very angry at a letter which he had received from the Queen. +He said he would certainly vote with Mr Roebuck. The Houses +are to be adjourned to-day, and the whole discussion comes on +to-morrow. Lord Aberdeen brought a copy of a letter Lord +Palmerston had written to Lord John. The Peelites in the +Cabinet, viz. the Dukes of Newcastle and Argyll, Sir J. Graham, +Mr Gladstone, and Mr S. Herbert, seem to be very bitter against +Lord John, and determined to oppose him should he form a +Government, whilst they would be willing to support a Derby +Government.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>26th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and is very grateful for your Majesty's communication of +yesterday.</p> + +<p class="ind">He confesses his resignation was very abrupt, but it is the +consequence of many previous discussions in which his advice +had been rejected or overruled.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell acknowledges the repeated instances of +your Majesty's goodness in permitting him to leave the +Foreign Office, and subsequently to serve without office as +Leader of the House of Commons. These changes, however, +were not made without due consideration. To be Leader of +the House of Commons and Foreign Secretary is beyond any +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.76" id="pageiii.76"></a>[page 76]</span> +man's strength. To continue for a long time Leader without +an office becomes absurd. Lord Aberdeen at first meant his +own continuance in office to be short, which justified the +arrangement.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i><sup>7</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR ROEBUCK'S MOTION</span> + +<p class="indright">144 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>26th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Lord John Russell having +made his statement, concluding with an announcement that +he did not mean to vote on Mr Roebuck's Motion, and Viscount +Palmerston having made a few remarks on that statement, +Mr Roebuck rose to make his Motion; but the paralytic affection +under which he has for some time laboured soon overpowered +him, and before he had proceeded far in his speech +he became so unwell that he was obliged to finish abruptly, +make his Motion, and sit down.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Sidney Herbert, who was to reply to Mr Roebuck, rose +therefore under great disadvantage, as he had to reply to a +speech which had not been made; but he acquitted himself +with great ability, and made an excellent statement in explanation +and defence of the conduct of the Government. +He was followed by Mr Henry Drummond,<sup>8</sup> Colonel North for +the Motion, Mr Monckton Milnes against it; Lord Granby who, +in supporting the Motion, praised and defended the Emperor +of Russia; Mr Layard, who in a speech of much animation, gave +very strong reasons to show the great impropriety of the +Motion, and ended by saying he should vote for it; Sir George +Grey, who made a spirited and excellent speech; Mr Walpole, +who supported the Motion and endeavoured, but fruitlessly, +to establish a similarity between the enquiry proposed by +Mr Roebuck and the enquiry in a Committee of the whole +House into the conduct of the Walcheren Expedition when +the operation was over and the Army had returned to England. +Mr Vernon Smith declared that his confidence in the Government +had been confined to three Members—Lord Lansdowne, +Lord John Russell, and Lord Palmerston—and that it was +greatly diminished by the retirement of Lord John Russell. +Colonel Sibthorp,<sup>9</sup> Sir John Fitzgerald, and Mr Knightley<sup>10</sup> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.77" id="pageiii.77"></a>[page 77]</span> +followed, and Mr Disraeli having said that his side of the +House required that the Debate should be adjourned, an +adjournment to Monday was agreed to; but Viscount Palmerston, +in consenting to the adjournment, expressed a strong hope +that the Debate would not be protracted beyond that night.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston regrets to say that the general aspect +of the House was not very encouraging.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 7: His first letter to the Queen as Leader of the House of Commons.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 8: M.P. for West Surrey.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 9: Sibthorp, whose name is almost forgotten, earned some fame as an opponent of the +Exhibition of 1851, and remained faithful to Protection, after Lord Derby and his party +had dropped it. His beard, his eye-glass, and his clothes were a constant subject for the +pencil of Leech.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 10: Mr (afterwards Sir) Reginald Knightley, M.P. for South Northamptonshire, 1852-1892. +In the latter year he was created Lord Knightley of Fawsley. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DEBATE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>27th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +It is probable that your Majesty may have heard from Lord +Palmerston some account of the debate in the House of +Commons last night; but perhaps your Majesty may not +object to learn the impressions which Lord Aberdeen has +received on the present state of affairs both in and out of the +House.</p> + +<p class="ind">There can be no doubt that Lord John Russell has injured +his position by the course which he has pursued. His own +friends having remained in the Cabinet, is his practical condemnation. +He made a very elaborate and dexterous statement; +but which, although very plausible, did not produce +a good effect. It had been decided that he should be followed +by Mr Gladstone, who was in full possession of the subject; +but at the Cabinet yesterday held before the meeting of the +House, it was decided that Lord Palmerston should follow +Lord John, in order to prevent the appearance of a division +in the Cabinet between the Whig and Peelite Members. As +Lord Palmerston was to act as Leader of the House, the substitution +of Mr Gladstone would have appeared strange. But +the decision was unfortunate, for by all accounts the speech of +Lord Palmerston was singularly unsuccessful.</p> + +<p class="ind">In the debate which followed, the impression in the House +was strongly against the War Department; and the indications +which occasionally appeared of the possibility of Lord Palmerston +filling that office were received with great cordiality. Sir +George Grey made an excellent speech, and his censure must +have been deeply felt by Lord John.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen has waited until the Cabinet had met to-day +before he had the honour of writing to your Majesty, in order +that he might learn the impressions and opinions of the +Members, especially of those who are in the House of Commons. +All agree that if the division had taken place last night, Mr +Roebuck's Motion would have been carried by a large majority. +This still seems to be the prevailing opinion, but there is considerable +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.78" id="pageiii.78"></a>[page 78]</span> +difference. The Motion is so objectionable and so +unconstitutional that delay is likely to be favourable to those +who oppose it. A little reflection must produce considerable +effect. Lord Aberdeen sees that Mr Gladstone is preparing +for a great effort, and he will do whatever can be effected by +reason and eloquence.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is said that Lord Derby shows some reluctance to accept +the responsibility of overthrowing the Government; but the +part taken last night by Mr Walpole, and the notice of a Motion +in the House of Lords by Lord Lyndhurst, would appear to +denote a different policy. The result of the Division on +Monday will depend on the course adopted by his friends, +<i>as a party</i>. It is said that Mr Disraeli has signified a difference +of opinion from Mr Walpole.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEFEAT OF THE MINISTRY</span> + +<p class="indright">144 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>30th January 1855.</i></p> +<p class="rindent">(2 <span class="sc">a.m.</span>)</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Mr Roebuck's Motion has +been carried by 305 to 148, being a majority of 157 against +the Government, a great number of the Liberal party voting +in the majority.</p> + +<p class="ind">The debate was begun by Mr Stafford,<a id="footnotetagXXIV11" name="footnotetagXXIV11"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV11"><sup>11</sup></a> who gave a very +interesting but painful account of the mismanagement which +he had witnessed in the Hospitals at Scutari and Sebastopol, +while he gave due praise to the conduct of His Royal Highness +the Duke of Cambridge toward the men under his command, +and related the cheering effect produced by your Majesty's +kind letter, when read by him to the invalids in Hospital. He +was followed by Mr Bernal Osborne,<a id="footnotetagXXIV12" name="footnotetagXXIV12"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV12"><sup>12</sup></a> who found fault with all +the military arrangements at home, and with the system under +which Commissions in the Army are bought and sold, but who +declared that he should vote against the Motion.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Henley then supported the Motion, directing his attack +chiefly against the management of the Transport Service.</p> + +<p class="ind">Admiral Berkeley,<a id="footnotetagXXIV13" name="footnotetagXXIV13"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV13"><sup>13</sup></a> in reply, defended the conduct of the +Admiralty. Major Beresford supported the Motion, but +defended Lord Raglan against the attacks of the newspapers. +Mr. Rice, Member for Dover, opposed the Motion. Mr Miles<a id="footnotetagXXIV14" name="footnotetagXXIV14"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV14"><sup>14</sup></a> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.79" id="pageiii.79"></a>[page 79]</span> +found fault with the Commissariat, and supported the Motion, +saying that the proposed enquiry would apply a remedy to the +evils acknowledged to exist in the Army in the Crimea; and +Sir Francis Baring, after ably pointing out the inconveniences +of the proposed Committee, said he should vote against it, +as tending to prevent those evils from being remedied. Mr +Rich criticised the composition of the Ministry, and the conduct +of the war, and supported the Motion as a means of satisfying +public opinion. Sir Edward Lytton Bulwer supported the +Motion in a speech of considerable ability, and was replied to +by Mr Gladstone in a masterly speech, which exhausted the +subject, and would have convinced hearers who had not made +up their minds beforehand.</p> + +<p class="ind">He was followed by Mr Disraeli, who in the course of his +speech made use of some expressions in regard to Lord John +Russell, which drew from Lord John some short explanations +as to the course which he had pursued. Viscount Palmerston +then made some observations on the Motion, and, after a few +words from Mr Muntz,<sup>15</sup> Mr Thomas Duncombe<sup>16</sup> asked Mr +Roebuck whether, if he carried his Motion, he really meant to +name and appoint the Committee and prosecute the enquiry, +saying that he hoped and trusted that such was Mr Roebuck's +intention. Mr Roebuck declared that he fully meant to do so, +and after a short speech from Mr Roebuck, who lost the thread +of his argument in one part of what he said, the House proceeded +to a division.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Conservative Party abstained, by order from their +Chiefs, from giving the cheer of triumph which usually issues +from a majority after a vote upon an important occasion....</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIV11" name="footnoteXXIV11"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV11">Footnote 11:</a> Augustus Stafford (formerly Stafford O'Brien), Secretary of the Admiralty in the +Derby Ministry of 1852.</p> + + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIV12" name="footnoteXXIV12"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV12">Footnote 12:</a> Secretary of the Admiralty, who, contrary to modern practice, criticised on this +occasion the action of his own colleagues.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIV13" name="footnoteXXIV13"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV13">Footnote 13:</a> Maurice Frederick Fitzhardinge Berkeley, 1788-1867, M.P. for Gloucester 1831-1857.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIV14" name="footnoteXXIV14"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV14">Footnote 14:</a> M.P. for Bristol. +</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: M.P. for Birmingham.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 16: M.P. for Finsbury.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD ABERDEEN RESIGNS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>30th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen arrived here at three. He came from the +Cabinet, and tendered their unanimous resignation. Nothing +could have been better, he said, than the feeling of the members +towards each other. Had it not been for the incessant attempts +of Lord John Russell to keep up Party differences, it must be +confessed that the experiment of a coalition has succeeded +admirably. We discussed future possibilities, and agreed +that there remained nothing to be done but to offer the Government +to Lord Derby, whose Party was numerically the strongest, +and had carried the Motion. He supposed Lord Derby +would be prepared for it, although he must have great difficulties, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.80" id="pageiii.80"></a>[page 80]</span> +unless he took in men from other Parties, about which, +however, nothing could be known at present.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen means to behave more generously to Lord +Derby than he had done to him, and felt sure that his colleagues +would feel a desire to support the Queen's new Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">He said Lord Grey's plan<sup>17</sup> had not met with the approbation +of the House of Lords. The indignation at Lord John's +conduct on all sides was strongly on the increase.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen was much affected at having to take leave +of us.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 17: For concentrating in a single department the business connected with the administration +of the Army. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY SUMMONED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>30th January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would wish to see Lord Derby at Buckingham +Palace (whither she is going for a few hours) to-morrow at +half-past eleven.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Newcastle.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>31st January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received the Duke of Newcastle's letter.</p> + +<p class="ind">She readily grants him the permission he asks,<sup>18</sup> and seizes +this opportunity of telling him how much she feels for him +during this trying time, and what a high sense she shall ever +entertain of his loyal, high-minded, and patriotic conduct, +as well as of his unremitting exertions to serve his Sovereign +and Country.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: The Duke, in order to refute Lord John Russell, asked leave to state what had +passed in the Cabinet. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INTERVIEW WITH LORD DERBY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>31st January 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">We went up to Buckingham Palace and saw Lord Derby at +half-past eleven. The Queen informed him of the resignation +of the Government, and of her desire that he should try to +form a new one. She addressed herself to him as the head of +the largest Party in the House of Commons, and which had by +its vote chiefly contributed to the overthrow of the Government. +Lord Derby threw off this responsibility, saying that +there had been no communication with Mr Roebuck, but that +his followers could not help voting when Lord John Russell +told them on authority that there was the most ample cause +for enquiry, and the whole country cried out for it. Moreover, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.81" id="pageiii.81"></a>[page 81]</span> +the Government, in meeting the Motion, laid its chief stress +upon its implying a want of confidence in the Government—a +confidence which they certainly did not enjoy. He owned<span class="rightnote">THE LEADERSHIP</span> +that his Party was the most compact—mustering about two +hundred and eighty men—but he had no men capable of +governing the House of Commons, and he should not be able +to present an Administration that would be accepted by the +country unless it was strengthened by other combinations; he +knew that the whole country cried out for Lord Palmerston as +the only man fit for carrying on the war with success, and he +owned the necessity of having him in the Government, were it +even only to satisfy the French Government, the confidence +of which was at this moment of the greatest importance; but +he must say, speaking without reserve, that whatever the +ignorant public might think, Lord Palmerston was totally +unfit for the task. He had become very deaf as well as very +blind, was seventy-one years old, and ... in fact, though he +still kept up his sprightly manners of youth, it was evident +that his day had gone by.<sup>19</sup> ... Lord Derby thought, however, +he might have the Lead of the House of Commons, which Mr +Disraeli was ready to give up to him. For the War Department +there were but two men—both very able, but both +liable to objections: the first was Lord Grey, who would do it +admirably, but with whom he disagreed in general politics, and +in this instance on the propriety of the war, which he himself +was determined to carry on with the utmost vigour; then +came his peculiar views about the Amalgamation of Offices, in +which he did not at all agree. The other was Lord Ellenborough, +who was very able, and would certainly be very popular +with the Army, but was very unmanageable; yet he hoped he +could keep him in order. It might be doubtful whether +Lord Hardinge could go on with him at the Horse Guards. +We agreed in the danger of Lord Grey's Army proposal, and +had to pronounce the opinion that Lord Ellenborough was +almost mad. This led us to a long discussion upon the merits +of the conduct of the war, upon which he seemed to share the +general prejudices, but on being told some of the real facts and +difficulties of the case, owned that these, from obvious reasons, +could not be stated by the Government in their defence, and +said that he was aware that the chief fault lay at headquarters +in the Crimea. Lord Raglan ought to be recalled, as well +as his whole staff, and perhaps he could render this less painful +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.82" id="pageiii.82"></a>[page 82]</span> +to him by asking him to join the Cabinet, where his military advice +would be of great value.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 19: Lord Derby's judgment was not borne out by subsequent events. Lord Palmerston +was Prime Minister when he died on the 18th of October 1865, ten years later. "The +half-opened cabinet-box on his table, and the unfinished letter on his desk, testified that +he was at his post to the last,"—Ashley's <i>Life of Lord Palmerston</i>, vol. ii. p. 273. +</p> + +<p class="ind">To be able to meet the House of Commons, however, Lord +Derby said he required the assistance of men like Mr +Gladstone and Mr S. Herbert, and he was anxious to know +whether the Queen could tell him upon what support he could +reckon in that quarter. We told him we had reason to believe +the Peelites would oppose a Government of Lord John Russell, +but were inclined to support one of Lord Derby's; whether +they were inclined to join in office, however, appeared very +doubtful. The Queen having laid great stress on a good +selection for the office of Foreign Affairs, Lord Derby said he +would have to return to Lord Malmesbury, who, he thought, +had done well before, and had now additional experience.</p> + +<p class="ind">Should he not be able to obtain strength from the Peelites, he +could not be able to form a creditable Government; he must +give up the task, and thought the Queen might try some other +combinations with Lord John Russell or Lord Lansdowne, etc.</p> + +<p class="ind">He did not think a reconstruction of the old Government +would be accepted by the country; however, whatever Government +was formed to carry on the war, should not only not be +opposed by him, but have his cordial support, provided it +raised no question of general constitutional importance.</p> + +<p class="ind">Should all attempts fail, he would be ready to come forward +to the rescue of the country with such materials as he had, but +it would be "a desperate attempt."</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby returned a little before two from Lord Palmerston, +to whom he had gone in the first instance. Lord Palmerston +was ready to accept the Lead of the House of Commons, +and acknowledged that the man who undertook this could not +manage the War Department besides. He undertook to sound +Mr Gladstone and Mr S. Herbert, but had, evidently much to +Lord Derby's surprise, said that it must be a coalition, and not +only the taking in of one or two persons, which does not seem +to suit Lord Derby at all—nor was he pleased at Lord Palmerston's +suggestion that he ought to try, by all means, to retain +Lord Clarendon at the Foreign Office. Lord Palmerston was +to sound the Peelites in the afternoon, and Lord Derby is to +report the result to the Queen this evening.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD CLARENDON</span> + +<p class="indright"> +<span class="sc">St James' Square</span>, <i>31st January 1855.</i></p> + <p class="rindent">(9:30 <span class="sc">p.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, hastens to submit to +your Majesty the answer which he has this moment received +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.83" id="pageiii.83"></a>[page 83]</span> +from Viscount Palmerston to the communication which he +made to him this morning by your Majesty's command. Lord +Derby has not yet received from Mr Sidney Herbert and Mr +Gladstone the answers referred to in Lord Palmerston's letter; +but, from the tenor of the latter, he fears there can be no doubt +as to their purport. With respect to Lord Clarendon, Lord +Derby is fully sensible of the advantage which might accrue +to your Majesty's service from the continuance in office of a +Minister of great ability, who is personally cognizant of all +the intricate negotiations and correspondence which have +taken place for the last two years; and neither personally +nor politically would he anticipate on the part of his friends, +certainly not on his own part, any difficulty under existing +circumstances, in co-operating with Lord Clarendon; but the +present political relations between Lord Clarendon and Lord +Derby's friends are such that, except upon a special injunction +from your Majesty, and under your Majesty's immediate +sanction, he would not be justified in making any overtures in +that direction.<sup>20</sup> Should Lord Derby receive any communication +from Mr Gladstone or Mr. Sidney Herbert before morning, +he will send it down to your Majesty by the earliest opportunity +in the morning. Lord Derby trusts that your Majesty +will forgive the haste in which he writes, having actually, +at the moment of receiving Lord Palmerston's answer, written +a letter to say that he could not longer detain your Majesty's +messenger. Lord Derby will take no farther step until he shall +have been honoured by your Majesty's farther commands.</p> + +<p class="ind">The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty's most +dutiful Servant and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Derby</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: Although opposed to the ordinary procedure of party government, there were recent +precedents for such overtures being made. When the Whigs displaced Peel in 1846, +Lord John Russell attempted to include three of the outgoing Ministers in his Cabinet, and +on the formation of the Coalition Ministry, negotiations were on foot to retain Lord +St. Leonards on the woolsack.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY'S REFUSAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>1st February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby came down here at eleven o'clock, and brought +with him two letters he had received from Mr Gladstone and +Mr Sidney Herbert, who both declared their willingness to +give Lord Derby's Government an independent support, but +on mature consideration their impossibility to take office in +his Administration. Lord Derby said, as to the independent +support, it reminded him of the definition of an independent +Member of Parliament, viz. one that could not be depended +upon. Under the circumstances, he would not be able to form +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.84" id="pageiii.84"></a>[page 84]</span> +such an Administration as could effectively carry on the +Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">He thought that Lord Palmerston had at first been willing +to join, but it was now evident that the three letters had been +written in concert.<sup>21</sup></p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 21: Lord Palmerston wrote that, upon reflection, he had come to the conclusion that he +would not, by joining the Government, give to it that stability which Lord Derby anticipated. +He, however, gave the promise of his support to any Government which would +carry on the war with energy and vigour, and maintain the alliances which had been +formed. +</p> + +<p class="ind">He was anxious to carry any message to any other statesman +with which the Queen might wish to entrust him. This the +Queen declined, with her best thanks. He then wanted to +know what statement Lord Aberdeen would make to-night in +the House, stating it to be very important that it should not +appear that the Administration had gone from Lord Aberdeen +through any other hands than the ones which should finally +accept it.</p> + +<p class="ind">It would be well known that he had been <i>consulted</i> by the +Queen, but there was no necessity for making it appear that +he had undertaken to form an Administration. The fact was, +that he had consulted none of his Party except Mr Disraeli, +and that his followers would have reason to complain if they +thought that he had put them altogether out of the question. +We told him that we did not know what Lord Aberdeen meant +to say, but the best thing would be on all accounts to state +exactly the truth as it passed.</p> + +<p class="ind">After he had taken leave of the Queen with reiterated +assurances of gratitude and loyalty, I had a further long conversation +with him, pointing out to him facts with which he +could not be familiar, concerning our Army in the Crimea, our +relations with our Ally, negotiations with the German Courts, +the state of public men and the Press in this country, which +convinced me that this country was in a crisis of the greatest +magnitude, and the Crown in the greatest difficulties, which +could not be successfully overcome unless political parties +would show a little more patriotism than hitherto. They +behaved a good deal like his independent Member of Parliament, +and tried to aggravate every little mishap in order to +get Party advantages out of it. I attacked him personally +upon his ... opposition to the Foreign Enlistment Bill, and +pointed to the fact that the French were now obtaining the +services of that very Swiss Legion we stood so much in need of. +His defence was a mere Parliamentary dialectic, accusing the +clumsy way in which Ministers had introduced their Bill, but +he promised to do what he could to relieve the difficulties of +the country. In conclusion I showed him, under injunctions +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.85" id="pageiii.85"></a>[page 85]</span> +of secrecy, the letter I had received from Count Walewski, +which showed to what a state of degradation the British Crown +had been reduced by the efforts on all sides for Party objects +to exalt the Emperor Napoleon, and make his will and use the +sole standard for the English Government.<sup>22</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 22: This curious letter of the Count stated in effect that the alliance of England and +France, and the critical circumstances of the day, made Lords Palmerston and Clarendon +indispensable members of any Ministry that might be formed. +</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby called it the most audacious thing he had ever +seen, adding that he had heard that Count Walewski had +stated to somebody with reference to the Vienna Conferences: +"What influence can a country like England pretend to +exercise, which has no Army and no Government?"</p> + +<p class="ind">I told him he was right, as every one here took pains to prove +that we had no Army, and to bring about that the Queen +should have no Government.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD LANSDOWNE CONSULTED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne arrived late yesterday evening. The +Queen, after having stated that Lord Derby had given up the +task of forming a Government, asked his advice under the +present circumstances, to which he replied that he had little +advice to give. I interrupted that at least he could impart +knowledge to the Queen, upon which she could form a decision. +The first and chief question was, What was Lord John<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL SUGGESTED</span> +Russell's position? Lord Lansdowne declared this to be the +most difficult question of all to answer. He believed Lord +John was not at all dissatisfied with the position he had +assumed, and was under the belief that he could form an +Administration capable of standing, even without the support +of the Peelites. He (Lord Lansdowne) would certainly decline +to have anything to do with it, as it could receive its support +only from the extreme Radical side, which was not favourable +to Lord John, but shrewd enough to perceive that to obtain a +Government that would have to rest entirely upon themselves +would be the surest mode of pushing their own views. Lord +John, although not intending it, would blindly follow this +bias, excusing himself with the consideration that he must look +for support somewhere. He himself doubted, however, even +the possibility of Lord John succeeding; but till he was +brought to see this no strong Government was possible. +We asked about the Peelites, Lord Palmerston, etc. He did +not know whether the Peelites would serve with Lord John +Russell—they certainly would not under him. There was a +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.86" id="pageiii.86"></a>[page 86]</span> +strong belief, however, particularly on the part of Lord +Clarendon, and even shared by Lord Palmerston, that without +Lord John a stable Government could not be formed. The +Queen asked whether they could unite under him (Lord +Lansdowne). He replied he had neither youth nor strength +to make an efficient Prime Minister, and although Lord John +had often told him "If you had been in Aberdeen's place my +position would have been quite different," he felt sure Lord +John would soon be tired of him and impatient to see him +gone. He thought an arrangement might be possible by which +Lord Clarendon might be Prime Minister, Lord John go to the +House of Lords and take the Foreign Office, and Lord Palmerston +the Lead in the House of Commons. We told him +that would spoil two efficient men. Lord Clarendon had no +courage for Prime Minister, and Lord John had decidedly +failed at the Foreign Office.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne had had Lord Palmerston with him during +the Derby negotiation, and clearly seen that at first he was not +unwilling to join, but had more and more cooled upon it when +he went further into the matter. Lord Derby and Lord Palmerston +had had a full discussion upon Lord Grey, and discarded +him as quite impracticable.... After much farther discussion +it was agreed that Lord Lansdowne should go up to +Town this day, see first Lord Palmerston, then the Peelites, +and lastly Lord John, and come to Buckingham Palace at +two o'clock, prepared to give answers upon the question what +was feasible and what not. He inclines to the belief that we +shall have to go through the ceremony at least of entrusting +Lord John with the formation of an Administration.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John was not without large following amongst the +Whigs, and whatever was said about his late conduct in the +higher circles, he believed that it is well looked upon by the +lower classes. His expression was, that it would be found +that the first and second class carriages in the railway train +held opposite opinions.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne arrived at two o'clock, and reported that +he had seen all the persons intended, but he could not say +that he saw his way more clearly. They all gave pledges +generally to support any Government, but were full of difficulties +as to their participation in one.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Gladstone would clearly not serve under Lord John—might +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.87" id="pageiii.87"></a>[page 87]</span> +possibly with him—if much pressed by Lord Aberdeen +to do so. He would probably serve under Lord Palmerston. +Mr S. Herbert expressed apprehension at the effect upon the +prospects of peace which would be produced by Lord Palmerston's +being at the head of the Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell would not serve under Lord Palmerston, +and fancies he might form a Whig Administration himself, of +which Lord Palmerston, however, must be the chief member. +Lord Palmerston would not like to serve under Lord John +Russell—would be ready to form an Administration, which +could not have duration, however, in his opinion, if Lord John +Russell held aloof!</p> + +<p class="ind">He found Lord John fully impressed with the fact of his +having brought the Queen into all these difficulties, and of +owing her what reparation he could make. Lord Palmerston +also felt that he had some amends to make to the Queen for +former offences. We asked Lord Lansdowne whether they +could not be combined under a third person. He felt embarrassed +about the answer, having to speak of himself. +Both expressed their willingness to serve under him—but then +he was seventy-five years old, and crippled with the gout, and +could not possibly undertake such a task except for a few +months, when the whole Administration would break down—of +which he did not wish to be the cause. In such a case, +Lord John had stated to him that the man to be Leader of the +House of Commons was Lord Palmerston, meaning himself to +be transferred to the House of Lords, in his former office as +President of the Council.</p> + +<p class="ind">Without presuming to give advice, Lord Lansdowne thought +that under all circumstances it would do good if the Queen +was to see Lord John Russell, and hear from himself what he +could do. She could perfectly keep it in her power to commission +whom she pleased hereafter, even if Lord John should +declare himself willing to form a Government.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL SUMMONED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just seen Lord Lansdowne. As what he +could tell her has not enabled her to see her way out of the +difficulties in which the late proceedings in Parliament have +placed her, she wishes to see Lord John Russell in order to +confer with him on the subject.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.88" id="pageiii.88"></a>[page 88]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria</i><sup>23</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INTERVIEW WITH LORD JOHN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell came at five o'clock.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen said she wished to consult him on the present +crisis, and hear from him how the position of Parties stood at +this moment. He said that immediately at the meeting of +Parliament a general desire became manifest for a modification +of the Government; that the Protectionists were as hostile +to the Peelites as they had been in the year '46; that the old +Whigs had with difficulty been made to support the late Government; +that the dissatisfaction with the conduct of the war +was general, and the country cried out for Lord Palmerston +at the War Department; that he considered it of the greatest +importance that Lord Clarendon should remain at the Foreign +Office, where he had gained great reputation, and nobody could +replace him. On the question whether Lord Palmerston would +be supported if he formed an Administration, he said everybody +would give a general support, but he doubted the Whigs joining +him. He did not know what the Peelites would do, but they +would be an essential element in the Government, particularly +Mr Gladstone; the best thing would be if Lord Palmerston took +the lead of the House of Commons. A Government formed by +Lord Lansdowne or Lord Clarendon would ensure general +support, but Lord Lansdowne had declared that he would not +undertake it for more than three months, and then the Government +would break down again; and we objected that Lord +Clarendon ought, as he had said, not to be moved from the +Foreign Office, to which he agreed. He himself would prefer +to sit on the Fourth Bench and support the Government. The +Queen asked him whether he thought he could form a Government. +After having taken some time for reflection, he said +he thought he could,<sup>24</sup> but he thought it difficult without the +Peelites, and next to impossible without Lord Palmerston;<span class="rightnote">NEGOTIATIONS</span> +he did not know whether both or either would serve with or +under him; he would offer Lord Palmerston the choice between +the Lead of the House of Commons and the War Department—and +in case he should choose the former, ask himself to be +removed to the House of Lords; he had been Leader of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.89" id="pageiii.89"></a>[page 89]</span> +House of Commons since '34, and as far as being able to support +his title, he was enabled to do so, as his brother, the Duke of +Bedford, intended to leave an estate of £5000 a year to his son. +The Queen asked him whether he would do the same under the +Administration of Lord Lansdowne, for instance; he begged +to be allowed time to consider that. He acknowledged to the +Queen—on her remark that he had contributed to bring her into +the present difficulties—that he was bound to do what he could +to help her out of them; and on the Queen's question what he +could do, he answered that depended very much on what the +Queen would wish him to do.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 23: This Memorandum, though signed by the Queen, was written by the Prince.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 24: Colonel Phipps thus describes Lord Aberdeen's comment on Lord John Russell's +words:—"I told Lord Aberdeen that Lord John had said that he thought that he could +form a Government. He laughed very much, and said: 'I am not at all surprised at +that, but whom will he get to serve under him? Has he at present any idea of the +extent of the feeling that exists against him?' I replied that I thought not, that it was +difficult for anybody to tell him, but that I thought that it was right that he should know +what the feeling was, and that he would soon discover it when he began to ask people +to join his Government. Lord Aberdeen said that was very true...." +</p> + +<p class="ind">She commissioned him finally to meet Lord Lansdowne and +Lord Palmerston, to consult together, and to let Lord Lansdowne +bring her the result of their deliberation this evening, +so that she might see a little more clearly where the prospect of +a strong Government lay.</p> + +<p class="ind">We had some further discussion upon Mr Roebuck's Committee, +which he thinks will not be as inconvenient as all his +friends suppose. It would meet with great difficulties, and +might be precluded from drawing up a report. On Lord Grey's +Motion<sup>25</sup> and the Army question he declared that he held to his +Memorandum of the 22nd January which the Duke of Newcastle +had read to the House of Lords, and acknowledged the +necessity of maintaining the office of the Commander-in-Chief, +although subordinate to the Secretary of State, and retaining +the Army Patronage distinct from the Political Patronage of +the Government.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 25: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.80" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 80</a>, note 17. +</p> + +<p class="ind">I omitted to mention that Lord John, in answer to the question +whether Lord Clarendon would serve under Lord Palmerston, +answered that he could not at all say whether he would; +he had mentioned to him the possibility, when Lord Clarendon +drew up and made a long face.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just seen Lord Lansdowne after his return +from his conference with Lord John Russell and Lord Palmerston. +As moments are precious, and the time is rolling on +without the various consultations which Lord Lansdowne +has had the kindness and patience to hold with the various +persons composing the Queen's late Government having led +to any positive result, she feels that she ought to entrust some +one of them with the distinct commission to attempt the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.90" id="pageiii.90"></a>[page 90]</span> +formation of a Government. The Queen addresses herself in +this instance to Lord John Russell, as the person who may be +considered to have contributed to the vote of the House of +Commons, which displaced her late Government, and hopes +that he will be able to present her such a Government as will +give a fair promise successfully to overcome the great difficulties +in which the country is placed. It would give her particular +satisfaction if Lord Palmerston could join in this formation.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S ATTEMPT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>2nd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He acknowledges that having contributed to the vote of the +House of Commons, which displaced your Majesty's late +Government (although the decision would in any case have +probably been unfavourable), he is bound to attempt the +formation of a Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">As your Majesty has now entrusted him with this honourable +task, and desired that Lord Palmerston should join in it, Lord +John Russell will immediately communicate with Lord Palmerston, +and do his utmost to form a Government which will give +a fair promise to overcome the difficulties by which the country +is surrounded.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell considers Lord Clarendon's co-operation +in this task as absolutely essential.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell arrived at half-past one o'clock, and +stated that he had to report some progress and some obstacles. +He had been to Lord Palmerston, and had a long and very free +discussion with him. He (Lord Palmerston) told him +although the general voice of the public had pointed him out as +the person who ought to form a Government, he had no pretensions +himself or personal views, and was quite ready to +accept the lead of the House of Commons under Lord John in +the House of Lords; but that he thought that, if the Queen +would see him, now that she had seen Lord Derby, Lord John, +and Lord Lansdowne, it would remove any impression that +there were personal objections to him entertained by the Queen, +which would much facilitate the position of the new Government. +They then discussed the whole question of offices, +agreed that Lord Panmure would be the best person for the +War Department; that Lord Grey could not be asked to join, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.91" id="pageiii.91"></a>[page 91]</span> +as his views on the Foreign Policy differed so much from theirs, +and he had always been an intractable colleague; that if Mr +Gladstone could not be prevailed upon to join, Mr Labouchere,<sup>26</sup> +although an infinitely weaker appointment, might be Chancellor +of the Exchequer, and Sir F. Baring replace Sir J. Graham, +if he could not be got to stay.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 26: He had been President of the Board of Trade in the former administration of Lord +John Russell. +</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John then saw Mr S. Herbert, who declared to him +that it was impossible for any of the Peelites to join his Government, +connected as they were with Lord Aberdeen and the +Duke of Newcastle, but that they would infinitely prefer a +Government of Lord John's to one of Lord Palmerston, whose +views on Foreign Policy, uncontrolled by Lord Aberdeen, they +sincerely dreaded.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John then went to Lord Clarendon, and was surprised +to find that he could not make up his mind to remain at the +Foreign Office under his Government. Lord John thought +that the expression of a wish on the part of the Queen would go +a great way to reconcile him. His objections were that he had +always received the handsomest support from the Peelites, and +thought the Government too weak without their administrative +ability.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John had seen none of his own friends, such as Sir G. +Grey, Sir C. Wood, Lord Lansdowne, and Lord Granville, but +had not the smallest doubt that they would cordially co-operate +with him.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John is to come again at a quarter before six o'clock. +The Queen has appointed Lord Palmerston for three o'clock, +and Lord Clarendon at four.</p> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i><sup>27</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ATTITUDE OF THE PEELITES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd February 1855.</i></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 27: This Memorandum, though signed by the Queen, was written by the Prince. +</p> + +<p class="ind">In the Audience which the Queen has just granted to Lord +Palmerston, he thanked her for the message which she had sent +him through Lord John Russell, and declared his readiness to +serve her in any way he could under the present difficulties. +He had preferred the lead of the House of Commons to the War +Department, having to make a choice between two duties +which no man could perform together.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE FOREIGN OFFICE</span> +<p class="ind">In answer to a question from the Queen, he said he hoped +that the present irritation in the Whig party would subside, +and that he would be able to complete a Government. He regretted +that the Peelites thought it impossible for them to join, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.92" id="pageiii.92"></a>[page 92]</span> +which would make it very difficult for Lord John. He had just +heard from Count Walewski that Lord Clarendon was very +much disinclined to remain at the Foreign Office under Lord +John. They were to have a meeting at Lord John's at five, +where he hoped to find that he had waived his objections; +but he must say that if Lord Clarendon persisted he must himself +withdraw, as he had indeed made it a condition with Lord +John. The Queen asked him whether, if this attempt failed, +she could reckon upon his services in any other combination. +His answer was that it was better not to answer for more than +one question at a time; we must now suppose that this will +succeed.</p> + +<p class="ind">What he stated with reference to the Army question and the +Committee of the House of Commons was perfectly satisfactory.</p> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD CLARENDON</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon, whom we saw at four o'clock, complained +very much of the unfairness of Lord John in making him personally +answerable for impeding the progress of Lord John's +Government. The fact was that his opinion was only that of +every other member of the late Government, and of the public +at large; which could be heard and seen by anybody who chose +to listen or to read. So impossible had it appeared to the +public that Lord John should be blind enough to consider his +being able to form a Government feasible, that it was generally +supposed that he had been urged to do so by the Queen, in +order to escape the necessity of Lord Palmerston. He acknowledged +that the Queen's decision in that respect had been +the perfectly correct and constitutional one, and perhaps +necessary to clear the way; but he hoped that for her own sake, +and to prevent false impressions taking root in the public mind, +the Queen would give afterwards Lord Palmerston his fair turn +also, though he could not say that he would be able to form +an Administration. The Queen said that this was her intention, +that she never had expected that Lord John would be +able to form one, but that it was necessary that his eyes should +be opened; Lord Clarendon only regretted the precious time +that was lost.</p> + +<p class="ind">He must really say that he thought he could do no good in +joining Lord John; his Government would be "a stillborn +Government," which "the country would tread under foot the +first day," composed as it would be of the same men who had +been bankrupt in 1852, minus the two best men in it, viz. Lord +Lansdowne and Lord Grey, and the head of it ruined in public +opinion. If he were even to stay at the Foreign Office, his +language to foreign countries would lose all its weight from being +known not to rest upon the public opinion of England, and all +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.93" id="pageiii.93"></a>[page 93]</span> +this would become much worse when it became known that from +the first day of Lord John's entering into Lord Aberdeen's +Government, he had only had one idea, viz. that of tripping +him up, expel the Peelites, and place himself at the head of an +exclusive Whig Ministry. Besides, he felt that the conduct of +all his colleagues had been most straightforward and honourable +towards him, and he was not prepared "to step over their dead +bodies to the man who had killed them." The attempt of +Lord John ought <i>not</i> to succeed if public morality were to be +upheld in this country. He had avoided Lord John ever since +his retirement, but he would have now to speak out to him, as +when he was asked to embark his honour he had a right to +count the cost.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne had no intention to go to Lord John's +meeting, as he had originally taken leave of public life, and had +only entered the Coalition Government in order to facilitate +its cohesion; among a Government of pure Whigs he was not +wanted, for there was no danger of their not <i>cohering</i>. Sir C. +Wood declared he had no business to be where Lord Lansdowne +refused to go in.</p> + +<p class="ind">He thought Lord Palmerston would have equal difficulty in +forming an administration, but when that had failed some solid +combination would become possible.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne had declared that he could not place himself +at the head for more than three months, but that was a long +time in these days.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRESH DIFFICULTIES</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell returned at six o'clock from his meeting, +much put out and disturbed. He said he had nothing good +to report. Mr Gladstone, whom he had seen, had declined to +act with him, saying that the country did not wish for Coalitions +at this moment. Sir J. Graham, whom he had visited, had +informed him that the feeling against him was very strong just +now, precluding support in Parliament; he gave him credit +for good intentions, but said the whole difficulty was owing +to what he termed his (Lord John's) <i>rashness</i>. He felt he could +not separate from Lord Aberdeen, and had no confidence in the +views of Foreign Affairs of Lord Palmerston.</p> + +<p class="ind">He had then seen Sir George Grey, who told him he had no +idea that a Government of Lord John's could stand at this +moment; the country wanted Lord Palmerston either as War +Minister or as Prime Minister. He must hesitate to engage +himself in Lord John's Government, which, separated from the +Peelites, would find no favour. Lord Clarendon had reiterated +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.94" id="pageiii.94"></a>[page 94]</span> +his objections, saying always that this must be gone through, +and something new would come up at the end, when all these +attempts had failed. He could not understand what this should +be. Did Lord Clarendon think of himself as the head of the +new combination? I asked what Lord Lansdowne had said. +He answered he had a letter from him, which was not very +agreeable either. He read it to us. It was to the purport—that +as Lord John had been commissioned to form an Administration, +and he did not intend to join it, he thought it better +not to come to his house in order to avoid misconstruction. +Lord John wound up, saying that he had asked Lord Clarendon +and Sir G. Grey to reflect further, and to give their final answer +to-morrow morning. The loss of the Peelites would be a great +blow to him, which might be overcome, however; but if his +own particular friends, like Lord Clarendon and Sir G. Grey, +deserted him, he felt that he could go on no farther, and he +hoped the Queen would feel that he had done all he could.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i><sup>28</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN'S FAILURE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd February 1855.</i></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 28: This Memorandum, though signed by the Queen, was written by the Prince. +</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne arrived at half-past nine in the evening, +and met our question whether he had anything satisfactory to +report, with the remark that he saw his way less than ever, and +that matters had rather gone backward since he had been here +in the morning. He had been in the afternoon at Sir James +Graham's bedside, who had had a consultation with Mr Gladstone, +and declared to him that the country was tired of Coalitions, +and wanted a united Cabinet; that they (the Peelites) +could not possibly serve under Lord John or even with him +after what had happened; that he felt the strongest objections +to serving under Lord Palmerston. They were one and all for +the vigorous prosecution of the war, but in order to attain a +speedy peace. Lord Palmerston was known to entertain ulterior +views, on which he was secretly agreed with the Emperor of the +French; and when it came to the question of negotiations, the +Government was sure to break up on a ground most dangerous +to the country. Lord Lansdowne could but agree in all this, +and added he had been tempted to feel his pulse to know how +much it had gone down since he had been with Sir James.</p> + +<p class="ind">The meeting between Lord Palmerston and Lord John had +just taken place in his presence. They had discussed everything +most openly, but being both very guarded to say nothing +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.95" id="pageiii.95"></a>[page 95]</span> +which could lead the other to believe that the one would serve +under the other. He confessed everything was darker now +than before. They both seemed to wish to form a Government, +but he could really not advise the Queen what to do under +the circumstances.</p> + +<p class="ind">I summed up that the Queen appeared to me reduced to the +necessity of now entrusting one of the two with a <i>positive</i> +commission. It was very important that it should not appear +that the Queen had any personal objection to Lord Palmerston; +on the other hand, under such doubtful circumstances, it would +be safest for the Queen to follow that course which was clearly +the most constitutional, and this was, after having failed with +Lord Derby, to go to Lord John, who was the other party to the +destruction of the late Government. The Queen might write +such a letter to Lord John as would record the political reasons +which led to her determination. Lord Lansdowne highly +approved of this, and suggested the addition of an expression +of the Queen's hope of seeing Lord Palmerston associated in +that formation.</p> + +<p class="ind">I drew up the annexed draft which Lord Lansdowne read +over and entirely approved.</p> + +<p class="ind">He has no idea that Lord John will succeed in his task, but +thinks it a necessary course to go through, and most wholesome +to Lord John to have his eyes opened to his own position, of +which he verily believed he was not the least aware.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>4th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen quite approves of the pension to Sir G. Grey, which +he has fully earned, but would wish Lord Aberdeen well to +consider the exact moment at which to offer it to him, as Sir +George is so very delicate in his feelings of honour. Lord John +Russell will probably have to give up the task of forming an +Administration on account of Sir George's declining to join +him. If the pension were offered to him by Lord Aberdeen +during the progress of negotiations, he could not help feeling, +she thinks, exceedingly embarrassed.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>4th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He saw last night Sir George Grey, who is extremely averse +to the formation of a purely Whig Government at this time. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.96" id="pageiii.96"></a>[page 96]</span> +Since that time he has received the two notes enclosed: one +from Lord Palmerston, the other early this morning from Lord +Clarendon.<sup>29</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It only remains for him to acknowledge your Majesty's great +kindness, and to resign into your Majesty's hands the task your +Majesty was pleased to confide to him.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 29: Lord Palmerston wrote:—</p> + +<p class="note1right">"144 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>3rd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">"<span class="sc">My dear John Russell</span>,—I certainly inferred from what Clarendon said this +afternoon at your house, that he had pretty well made up his mind to a negative answer, +and I could only say to you that which I said to Derby when he asked me to join him, +that I should be very unwilling, in the present state of our Foreign relations, to belong to +any Government in which the management of our Foreign Affairs did not remain in +Clarendon's hands.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">"George Grey, by your account, seems to tend to the same conclusion as Clarendon, and +I think, from what fell from Molesworth, whom I sat next to at the Speaker's dinner +this evening, that he would not be disposed to accept any offer that you might make him.</p> + +<p class="note1author">—Yours sincerely, <span class="sc">Palmerston</span>."</p> + +<p class="note1">Lord Clarendon wrote:—</p> + +<p class="note1right">"<span class="sc">Grosvenor Crescent</span>, <i>3rd February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">"<span class="sc">My dear Lord John</span>,—The more I reflect upon the subject, the more I feel convinced +that such a Government as you propose to form would not satisfy the public nor +command the confidence of the Country.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">"To yourself personally I am sure it would be most injurious if you attempted to +carry on the Government with inadequate means at this moment of national danger.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">"On public and on private grounds, therefore, I should wish to take no part in an +Administration that cannot in my opinion be either strong or permanent. Yours +sincerely,</p> + +<p class="note1author"><span class="sc">Clarendon</span>." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD PALMERSTON PREMIER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>4th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell having just informed the Queen that he +was obliged to resign the task which the Queen confided to him, +she addresses herself to Lord Palmerston to ask him whether +he can undertake to form an Administration which will command +the confidence of Parliament and efficiently conduct +public affairs in this momentous crisis? Should he think that +he is able to do so, the Queen commissions him to undertake the +task. She does not send for him, having fully discussed with +him yesterday the state of public affairs, and in order to save +time. The Queen hopes to receive an answer from Lord Palmerston +as soon as possible, as upon this her own movements +will depend.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">144 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>4th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and with a deep sense of the importance of the commission +which your Majesty asks whether he will undertake, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.97" id="pageiii.97"></a>[page 97]</span> +he hastens to acknowledge the gracious communication which +he has just had the honour to receive from your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has reason to think that he can undertake +with a fair prospect of success to form an Administration +which will command the confidence of Parliament and effectually +conduct public affairs in the present momentous crisis, and as +your Majesty has been graciously pleased to say that if such is +his opinion, your Majesty authorises him to proceed immediately +to the accomplishment of the task, he will at once take +steps for the purpose; and he trusts that he may be able in +the course of to-morrow to report to your Majesty whether his +present expectations are in the way to be realised.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WHIG SUPPORT</span> + +<p class="indright"> +<span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>5th February 1855.</i></p> + <p class="rindent">(5 <span class="sc">p.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has had the honour to receive your Majesty's +communication of to-day; and in accordance with your +Majesty's desire, he begs to report the result of his proceedings +up to the present time.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Marquis of Lansdowne, the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of +Clarendon, the Earl Granville, Sir George Grey, Sir Charles +Wood, have expressed their willingness to be members of the +Administration which Viscount Palmerston is endeavouring to +form, provided it can be constructed upon a basis sufficiently +broad to give a fair prospect of duration.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Gladstone, Mr Sidney Herbert, and the Duke of Argyll +have declined chiefly on the ground of personal and political +attachment to the Earl of Aberdeen, against whom, as well as +against the Duke of Newcastle, they say they consider the +vote of the House of Commons of last week as having been +levelled. Viscount Palmerston has not yet been able to ascertain +the decision of Sir James Graham, but it will probably +be the same as that of his three colleagues.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston hopes, nevertheless, to be able to submit +for your Majesty's consideration such a list as may meet +with your Majesty's approval, and he will have the honour of +reporting further to your Majesty to-morrow.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PEELITES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">We came to Town to hear the result of negotiations, and saw +Lord Palmerston at one o'clock. He said there were circumstances +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.98" id="pageiii.98"></a>[page 98]</span> +which prevented him from submitting a List of the +Cabinet, but would at all events be able to do so in the afternoon.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lords Lansdowne, Clarendon, Granville, Sir G. Grey, Sir C. +Wood, Sir William Molesworth, and the Chancellor had consented +to serve—unconditionally—having withdrawn their +former conditions in consequence of the very general opinion +expressed out of doors that the country could not much longer +be left without a Government. He heard this had also made +an impression upon the Peelites, who had refused to join. He +submitted their letters (declining) to the Queen, of which copies +are here annexed. They had been written after consultation +with Sir J. Graham, but Lord Aberdeen and the Duke of Newcastle +having heard of it, have since exerted themselves strongly +to prevail upon them to change their opinion, and it was still +possible that they would do so. Lord Clarendon had suggested +that if Lord Aberdeen himself was invited to join the Government, +and could be induced to do so, this would obviate all +difficulty. He had in consequence asked Lord Lansdowne to +see Lord Aberdeen on the subject, as his joining could only be +agreeable to him. Many of the Peelites not in the late Cabinet +had strongly disapproved of the decision taken by Mr Gladstone +and friends, and offered their services, amongst others Lord +Canning, Lord Elcho,<sup>30</sup> and Mr Cardwell.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 30: Now Earl of Wemyss. +</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston had been with Lord John Russell yesterday, +and had had a very long conversation with him in a most +friendly tone; he asked Lord John whether he would follow +out the proposal which he had lately made himself, and take +the lead in the House of Lords as President of the Council. He +declined, however, saying he preferred to stay out of office and +to remain in the House of Commons, which Lord Palmerston +obviously much regretted. They went, however, together all +over the offices and their best distribution. He would recommend +Lord Panmure for the War Department and Mr Layard +as Under Secretary.... Lord Palmerston was appointed to +report further progress at five o'clock.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Aberdeen</span>,—It would be a great relief to +the Queen if you were to agree to a proposal which we understand +is being made to you to join the new Government, and +by so doing to induce also Mr Gladstone, Mr S. Herbert, and Sir +James Graham to do the same.</p> + +<p class="author">Ever yours truly, <span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.99" id="pageiii.99"></a>[page 99]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD ABERDEEN INTERVENES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>6th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—I am sanguine in believing that the great object of the +union of my friends with the new Government may be attained +without the painful sacrifice to which your Royal Highness +refers. Contrary to my advice, they yesterday declined to +remain in the Cabinet, but I have renewed the subject to-day, +and they have finally decided to place themselves in my hands. +This rendered other explanations necessary, before I could +undertake so great a responsibility. When I shall have the +honour of seeing your Royal Highness, I will, with your Royal +Highness's permission, communicate what has passed, so far as +I am concerned.</p> + +<p class="ind">I venture to enclose the copy of a letter which I addressed to +Mr Herbert this morning, in answer to one received from him +late last night, in which he expressed his doubts of the propriety +of the first decision at which they had arrived. I have the +honour to be, Sir, your Royal Highness's most humble and +devoted Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Aberdeen</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;">[<i>Enclosure—Copy.</i>]</h5> + +<h5><i>The Earl of Aberdeen to Mr S. Herbert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR SIDNEY HERBERT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Argyll House</span>, <i>6th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Herbert</span>,—I received your letter too late to answer it +last night. In fact, I had gone to bed.</p> + +<p class="ind">You say that you are in a great difficulty as to the course you ought +to take. I am in none whatever.</p> + +<p class="ind">I gave you my decided opinion yesterday that you ought to continue +in Palmerston's Administration; and I endeavoured to support +this opinion by the very arguments which you repeat in your letter +to me. Surely this letter ought to have been addressed to Gladstone +and Graham, and not to me. I fully concur in thinking that you +came to a wrong conclusion yesterday, and I would fain hope that it +would still be reversed.</p> + +<p class="ind">When you sent to me yesterday to attend your meeting, I certainly +hoped it was with the intention of following my advice.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your reluctance to continue in Palmerston's Cabinet is chiefly +founded on the apprehension that he will pursue a warlike policy +beyond reasonable bounds. I have already told you that I have had +some explanations with him on the terms of peace, with which I am +satisfied. But whatever may be his inclinations, you ought to rely on +the weight of your own character and opinions in the Cabinet. I am +persuaded that the sentiments of the great majority of the Members of +the Cabinet are similar to your own, and that you may fairly expect +reason and sound policy to prevail in the question of peace and war.</p> + +<p class="ind">But above all I have recently had some very full conversations +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.100" id="pageiii.100"></a>[page 100]</span> +with Clarendon on the subject, and I am entirely satisfied with his +disposition and intentions. I am sanguine in the belief that he will +give effect to his present views.</p> + +<p class="ind">A perseverance in the refusal to join Palmerston will produce very +serious effects, and will never be attributed to its true cause. The +public feeling will be strongly pronounced against you, and you will +greatly suffer in reputation, if you persevere at such a moment as this +in refusing to continue in the Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">In addition to the public necessity, I think you owe much to our +late Whig colleagues, who behaved so nobly and generously towards +us after Lord John's resignation. They have some right to expect +this sacrifice.</p> + +<p class="ind">Although your arguments do not apply to me, for I yesterday +adopted them all, you conclude your letter by pressing me to enter +the Cabinet. Now there is really no sense in this, and I cannot +imagine how you can seriously propose it. You would expose me +to a gratuitous indignity, to which no one ought to expect me to +submit. I say <i>gratuitous</i>, because I could not be of the slightest +use in such a situation for the purpose you require.</p> + +<p class="ind">I can retire with perfect equanimity from the Government in consequence +of the vote of the House of Commons; but to be stigmatised +as the Head and tolerated as the subordinate member I cannot +endure.</p> + +<p class="ind">If at any future time my presence should be required in a Cabinet, +I should feel no objection to accept any office, or to enter it without +office. But to be the Head of a Cabinet to-day, and to become a +subordinate member of the very same Cabinet to-morrow, would be +a degradation to which I could never submit, that I would rather +die than do so—and indeed the sense of it would go far to kill me.</p> + +<p class="ind">If you tell me that your retaining your present offices, without the +slightest sacrifice, but on the contrary with the approbation of all, is +in any degree to depend on my taking such a course, I can only say +that, as friends, I cannot believe it possible that you should be guilty +of such wanton cruelty without any national object.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must, then, again earnestly exhort you to reconsider the decision +of yesterday, and to continue to form part of the Government. I +will do anything in my power to facilitate this. If you like, I will +go to Palmerston and promote any explanation between him and +Gladstone on the subject of peace and war. Or I will tell him that +you have yielded to my strong recommendation. In short, I am +ready to do anything in my power.</p> + +<p class="ind">I wish you to show this letter to Gladstone and to Graham, to +whom, as you will see, it is addressed as much as to yourself.</p> + +<p class="ind">I hope to meet you this morning, and Gladstone will also come to +the Admiralty. Yours, etc.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Aberdeen</span>.</p> + + + + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ADHESION OF THE PEELITES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Aberdeen</span>,—We are just returning to Windsor. +Lord Palmerston kissed hands after having announced +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.101" id="pageiii.101"></a>[page 101]</span> +that his Peelite colleagues also have agreed to keep their offices. +The Queen is thus relieved from great anxiety and difficulty, +and feels that she owes much to your kind and disinterested +assistance. I can quite understand what you say in the letter +which I return. You must make allowances also, however, +for the wishes of your friends not to be separated from you. +You will not be annoyed by further proposals from here.</p> + +<p class="ind">To-morrow we shall have an opportunity of further conversation +with you upon the state of affairs. Believe me always, +yours, etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—We are here again for a few hours in +order to try and facilitate the formation of a Government, which +seemed almost hopeless.</p> + +<p class="ind">Van de Weyer will have informed you of the successive failures +of Lord Derby and <i>Lord John</i> ... and of Lord Palmerston +being now charged with the formation of a Government! I had +<i>no</i> other alternative. The Whigs <i>will</i> join with him, and I +have got hopes, <i>also</i> the Peelites, which would be very important, +and would tend to allay the <i>alarm</i> which his name will, +I fear, produce abroad.</p> + +<p class="ind">I will leave this letter open to the last moment in the +hope of giving you some decisive news before we return to +Windsor....</p> + +<p class="ind">I am a good deal worried and knocked up by all that has +passed; my nerves, which have suffered very severely this last +year, have not been improved by what has passed during this +trying fortnight—for it <i>will</i> be a <i>fortnight</i> to-morrow that the +beginning of the mischief began....</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>Six o'clock p.m.</i>—One word to say that <i>Lord Palmerston</i> +has just <i>kissed</i> hands as <i>Prime</i> Minister. <span class="sc">All</span> the +<i>Peelites</i> +except poor dear Aberdeen (whom I am deeply grieved to lose) +and the Duke of Newcastle, remain. It is <i>entirely</i> Aberdeen's +<i>doing</i>, and very patriotic and handsome of him. In haste, ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Aberdeen.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A FAREWELL LETTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th February 1855</i> .</p> + +<p class="ind">Though the Queen hopes to see Lord Aberdeen at six, she +seizes the opportunity of approving the appointment of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.102" id="pageiii.102"></a>[page 102]</span> +Hon. and Rev. A. Douglas<sup>31</sup> to the living of St Olave's, Southwark, +to say what she hardly dares to do verbally without +fearing to give way to her feelings; she wishes to say what a +pang it is for her to separate from so kind and dear and valued +a friend as Lord Aberdeen has ever been to her since she has +known him. The day he became Prime Minister was a very +happy one for her; and throughout his Ministry he has ever +been the kindest and wisest adviser—one to whom she could +apply on all and trifling occasions even. This she is sure he +will still ever be. But the thought of losing him as her First +Adviser in her Government is very painful. The pain is to a +certain extent lessened by the knowledge of all he has done to +further the formation of this Government, in so noble, loyal, +and disinterested a manner, and by his friends retaining their +posts, which is a great security against possible dangers. The +Queen is sure that the Prince and herself may ever rely on his +valuable support and advice in all times of difficulty, and she +now concludes with the expression of her warmest thanks for +all his kindness and devotion, as well as of her unalterable +friendship and esteem for him, and with every wish for his +health and happiness.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: The Hon. Arthur Gascoigne Douglas (1827-1905), son of the nineteenth Earl of +Morton; Bishop of Aberdeen and Orkney, 1883-1905. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LEADERSHIP OF THE LORDS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>7th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that a difficulty has arisen in regard +to the reconstruction of the Administration, which your +Majesty might perhaps be able to assist in removing. It is +considered by the Members of the proposed Cabinet to be a +matter of great importance that Lord Lansdowne should not +only be a Member of the Cabinet, but that he should also be +the Organ of the Government in the House of Lords.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston pressed this upon Lord Lansdowne +yesterday afternoon, and was under the impression that Lord +Lansdowne had consented to be so acknowledged, with the +understanding that Lord Granville, as President of the Council, +should relieve him from the pressure of the daily business of +the House, while Lord Clarendon would take the burthen of +Foreign Office discussions, and that thus the ordinary duties +of Leader of the House of Lords would be performed by +others, while Lord Lansdowne would still be the directing +chief, who would give a character and tone to the body. But +Viscount Palmerston learns this morning from Lord Granville +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.103" id="pageiii.103"></a>[page 103]</span> +and Lord Bessborough that Lord Lansdowne does not so +understand the matter, and is unwilling to assume the ostensible +Leadership, even upon the above-mentioned arrangement, and +that he wishes Lord Granville to be the Leader in the House of +Lords.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville, however, with reason urges that there are +many members of the House of Lords who would show to Lord +Lansdowne, from his long standing and high political position, +a deference which they would not show towards Lord +Granville, so much younger a man. If Lord Lansdowne +were in Town, Viscount Palmerston would have gone to him +strongly to entreat him to be the person to announce in the +House of Lords the formation of a Ministry, and to continue to +be the organ of the Government in that House, at least till +Easter, and upon such matters and occasions as might require +the weight of his authority; but if your Majesty were to view +the matter in the same light in which it has presented itself to +Viscount Palmerston, to the Chancellor, to Lord Clarendon, +to Lord Granville and others, and if your Majesty should think +fit to express an opinion upon it to Lord Lansdowne, such an +opinion would no doubt have great weight with Lord Lansdowne.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston submits a list of the proposed Cabinet. +Until Sir George Grey returns to Town this afternoon from +Portsmouth, whither he went yesterday evening to take leave +of his son, who has a commission in the Rifles,<sup>32</sup> and was to +embark this morning for the Crimea, Viscount Palmerston will +not know whether he prefers the Colonial Office or the Home +Office. Whichever of the two he chooses, Mr Herbert will +take the other. Viscount Palmerston does not submit to your +Majesty the name of any person for the office of Secretary at +War, as he proposes that that office shall merge in the office +of Secretary of State for the War Department, and Viscount +Palmerston suspends for the present any recommendation to +your Majesty for the office of Chancellor of the Duchy of +Lancaster, as that office may be made available for giving +strength either in the House of Lords or in the House of Commons +according to circumstances.</p> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NEW CABINET</span> + +<table summary="Proposed Cabinet" width="480px" align="center" border="0"> + <tr><th colspan="4"><span class="sc">Proposed Cabinet</span>.</th></tr> + +<tr><td class="main"><i>First Lord of Treasury</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Viscount <span class="sc">Palmerston</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Organ of the Government or</i><br /> + <i>Leader of the House of Lords</i></td><td class="main"><span class="bigbrace">}</span></td><td> </td> + <td class="main" valign="middle">Marquis of <span class="sc">Lansdowne</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Lord Chancellor</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Lord <span class="sc">Cranworth</span>.</td></tr> + + <tr><td class="main"><i>President of the Council</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.104" id="pageiii.104"></a>[page 104]</span></td> + <td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Earl <span class="sc">Granville</span>.</td></tr> + + <tr><td class="main"><i>Privy Seal</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Duke of <span class="sc">Argyll</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Foreign Affairs</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Earl of <span class="sc">Clarendon</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>War Department</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Lord <span class="sc">Panmure</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main" valign="middle"><i>Home Office</i></td><td> </td><td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main">Mr <span class="sc">Sidney Herbert</span><br /> + or Sir <span class="sc">George Grey</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main" valign="middle"><i>Colonial Department</i></td><td> </td><td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">George Grey</span> or<br /> + Mr <span class="sc">Sidney Herbert</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Admiralty</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">James Graham</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Chancellor of Exchequer</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Mr <span class="sc">Gladstone</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>India Board</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">Charles Wood</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Board of Works</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">William Molesworth</span>.</td></tr> + <tr><td class="main"><i>Post Office</i></td><td> </td><td> </td><td class="main"><span class="sc">Viscount Canning</span>.</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: George Henry Grey, afterwards Lieut.-Colonel of the Northumberland Militia, and +Captain in the Grenadier Guards; father of the present Sir Edward Grey, M.P. He +predeceased his father in 1874. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord Palmerston's letter with +the List of the Government, which she approves. She entirely +agrees with him in the view he takes with respect to Lord +Lansdowne's position in the House of Lords, and will write +to him on the subject. From what he said, however, the +Queen would hope that he would not be disinclined to make +the announcement of the Government as well as to take the +lead on all occasions of great importance.<sup>33</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves that the office of Secretary at War +should remain open at present; but as regards the question +itself of these two offices, she reserves her judgment till the +subject is submitted to her in a definite form.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 33: Lord Lansdowne consented, on particular occasions only, to represent the Government, +but claimed to be himself the judge of the expediency or necessity of his doing so. +The ministerial life of this <i>doyen</i> of the Whig Party spanned half a century, for he had, as +Lord Henry Petty, been Chancellor of the Exchequer in the ministry of "All the Talents" +in 1806-1807. Lord Granville now assumed the Liberal leadership in the Lords, which, +as Lord Fitzmaurice points out, he held, with a brief exception of three years, till his +death in 1891]. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE VIENNA CONFERENCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>10th February 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that, with the permission of Lord +Palmerston, and at the urgent recommendation of Lord +Aberdeen and Lord Lansdowne, he has made to Lord John +Russell the proposal to act as our negotiator at Vienna, which +your Majesty was pleased to sanction on Wednesday night.<sup>34</sup></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.105" id="pageiii.105"></a>[page 105]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon thinks, that whether the negotiations end +in peace or are suddenly to be broken off, no man is so likely +as Lord John to be approved by the Country for whichever +course of proceeding he may adopt, and it will be a great +advantage that the negotiator himself should be able to +vindicate his own conduct in Parliament.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon has this evening received a very kind and +friendly answer from Lord John, who is disposed to accept, +but desires another day to consider the proposal.</p> + +<p class="ind">As our relations with the United States are of the utmost +importance at this moment, and as they have rather improved +of late, Lord Clarendon humbly hopes he may be excused if +he ventures to suggest to your Majesty the expediency of +inviting Mr Buchanan<sup>35</sup> to Windsor.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: In pursuance of the negotiations referred to (<i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.65" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 65</a>), a conference of the Powers +was held at Vienna. Lord John's view of the attitude which he hoped Great Britain +would take up is clearly stated in his letter of the 11th to Lord Clarendon, printed in +Walpole's <i>Life of Lord John Russell</i>, vol. ii. p. 242. He favoured the admission of Prussia +to the Conference.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 35: American Minister to Great Britain, afterwards President of the United States. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>10th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that having been very kindly +received at Paris by the Emperor of the French, he thought it +would be useful to write to the Emperor on the formation of +the present Government, and he submits a copy of the letter<sup>36</sup> +which he addressed to the Emperor.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor, when Viscount Palmerston took leave of him, +signified his intention of writing occasionally to Viscount +Palmerston, and that is the reason why Viscount Palmerston +adverts to such communications in his letter.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has just had the honour to receive your +Majesty's communication of this day, and will not fail to bear +in mind the suggestions which it contains.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 36:</p> +<h6><i>Viscount Palmerston to the Emperor of the French.</i></h6> + +<p class="note1right"><span class="sc">Londres</span>, <i>8 Février 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;"><span class="sc">Sire</span>,—Appelé par la Reine ma Souveraine au poste que maintenant j'occupe, je +m'empresse de satisfaire au besoin que je sens d'exprimer à votre Majesté la grande +satisfaction que j'éprouve à me trouver en rapport plus direct avec le Gouvernement de +votre Majesté.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">L'Alliance qui unit si heureusement la France et l'Angleterre et qui promet des résultats +si avantageux pour toute l'Europe, prend son origine dans la loyauté, la franchise, et la +sagacité de votre Majesté; et votre Majesté pourra toujours compter sur la loyauté et la +franchise du Gouvernement Anglais. Et si votre Majesté avait jamais une communication +à nous faire sur des idées non encore assez mûries pour être le sujet de Dépêches +Officielles, je m'estimerais très honoré en recevant une telle communication de la part de +votre Majesté.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">Nous allons mettre un peu d'ordre à notre Camp devant Sevastopol, et en cela nous +tâcherons d'imiter le bel exemple qui nous est montré par le Camp Français. A quelque +chose cependant malheur est bon, et le mauvais état de l'Armée Anglaise a donné aux +braves et généreux Français l'occasion de prodiguer à leurs frères d'armes des soins, qui +ont excité la plus vive reconnaissance tant en Angleterre qu'à Balaclava. J'ai l'honneur +d'être, Sire, etc. etc.,</p> + +<p class="note1author"><span class="sc">Palmerston</span>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.106" id="pageiii.106"></a>[page 106]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PALMERSTON AND THE EMPEROR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">This letter gave us great uneasiness.... The sort of +private correspondence which Lord Palmerston means to +establish with the Emperor Napoleon is a novel and unconstitutional +practice. If carried on behind the back of the +Sovereign, it makes her Minister the Privy Councillor of a +foreign Sovereign at the head of her affairs. How can the +Foreign Secretary and Ambassador at Paris, the legitimate +organs of communication, carry on their business, if everything +has been privately preconcerted between the Emperor and the +English Prime Minister? What control can the Cabinet hope to +exercise on the Foreign Affairs under these circumstances?...</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Palmerston for his letter of the 10th, +and for communicating to her the letter which he had addressed +upon the 8th to the Emperor of the French on the +formation of the present Government, the copy of which the +Queen herewith returns.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ROEBUCK COMMITTEE </span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>16th February 1855</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Friday night.</i>)</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that after he had made his statement +this afternoon, a conversation of some length took place, +in which Mr Disraeli, Mr Roebuck, Mr Thomas Duncombe, +and several other Members took part, the subject of discussion +being whether Mr Roebuck's Committee should or should not +be appointed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston is concerned to say that it was not only +his own impression but the opinion of a great number of persons +with whom he communicated in the course of the evening, +including the Speaker, that the appointment of the Committee +will be carried by a very great majority, perhaps scarcely less +great than that by which the original Motion was affirmed; +and it was also the opinion of good judges that a refusal to +grant an enquiry would not be a good ground on which to dissolve +Parliament and appeal to the Country. The general +opinion was that the best way of meeting the Motion for +naming the Committee which Mr Roebuck has fixed for next +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.107" id="pageiii.107"></a>[page 107]</span> +Thursday, would be to move some instruction to the Committee +directing or limiting the range of its enquiry. This is +a matter, however, which will be well considered at the meeting +of the Cabinet to-morrow....</p> + +<p class="ind">The reason alleged for the determination of Members to +vote for Mr Roebuck's Committee is the general desire throughout +the Country that an enquiry should be instituted to ascertain +the causes of the sufferings of your Majesty's troops in the +Crimea.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of Prussia.</i></h5> +<h5>[<i>Translation.</i>]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>20th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Brother</span>,—I must not let Lord John Russell visit +Berlin without personally recommending him to your Majesty—an +honour which he deserves in a high degree, as a statesman +of wide outlook, well-informed, and moderate. At the +same time I may be allowed to repeat my conviction, which I +have expressed several times already, that it appears to me +impossible to obtain peace so long as Prussia continues indisposed +to maintain, in case of necessity by force of arms, the +principles publicly expressed in concert with the belligerent +Powers and Austria.</p> + +<p class="ind">Much blood, very much blood, has already been shed. +Honour and justice force the belligerent Powers to make every +sacrifice in continually defending those principles to the +utmost. Whether diplomacy will succeed in saving Prussia +from taking an active share in this defence—that remains the +secret of the future, which the King of kings alone possesses!</p> + +<p class="ind">Albert presents his homage to your Majesty, and I beg to be +most cordially remembered, and remain as ever, my dear +Brother, your Majesty's faithful Servant and Friend,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR GLADSTONE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">I have just seen Mr Gladstone, who received my box so late +that I did not wish to detain him more than a few minutes, +as the Cabinet was waiting for him. I told him, however, the +substance of Lord Palmerston's letter, and of the Queen's +answer, the wisdom of which, he said, nobody could doubt for +a moment, and added that the choice lying only between many +evils, I hoped he and his friends would not strive to obtain an +absolute good, and thereby lose the Queen the services of an +efficient Government. He begged that I should rest assured +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.108" id="pageiii.108"></a>[page 108]</span> +that the first and primary consideration which would guide +their determination would be the position of the Crown in +these critical circumstances. He had had no opportunity of +consulting these last days either Mr S. Herbert or Sir James +Graham. But for himself he felt the greatest difficulty in +letting the House of Commons succeed in what he must consider +a most unconstitutional, most presumptuous, and most +dangerous course, after which it would be impossible for the +Executive ever to oppose again the most absurd and preposterous +demands for enquiry.<sup>37</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 37: See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.109" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 109</a>, note 38. +</p> + +<p class="ind">I asked, "But can you stop it?"</p> + +<p class="ind">He answered: I believe Lord Palmerston made a mistake +in not grappling with it from the first, and using all the power +the Crown had entrusted to him, even ostentatiously, for the +purpose. Now it might be most difficult—but it ought not +to pass without a solemn protest on the part of the men who +were not connected with the Government, and should not be +supposed to have any other than the interests of the Country +at heart. A Government was powerless in resisting such an +encroachment of the House, where the whole Opposition, from +personal motives, and the supporters of Government from fear +of their constituents, were bent upon carrying it. Such a +protest, however, might form a rallying-point upon which +future resistance might be based, and the Country, now intoxicated +by agitation, might come to its senses.</p> + +<p class="ind">As to the strength of the Government, he believed it had +very little at this moment in the House, and that such would +be the case with any Government Lord Palmerston could form, +he had foretold him, when Lord Derby had made him the offer +to join an Administration of his forming. At this moment the +secession of the Peelites would rather strengthen the Government +than otherwise, as, from their connection with Lord +Aberdeen, they had been decried in the Country with him, +and the Whigs looked upon them with all the personal feelings +of men deprived of their offices by them.</p> + +<p class="ind">He agreed with me that in the present disruption of Parties, +the difficulty of obtaining any strong Government consists, +not in the paucity of men, but in the over-supply of Right +Honourable gentlemen produced by the many attempts to +form a Government on a more extended base. There were +now at least three Ministers for each office, from which the two +excluded were always cried up as superior to the one in power. +He said this could not be amended until we got back to two +Parties—each of them capable of presenting to the Queen an +efficient Administration. Now the one Party did not support +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.109" id="pageiii.109"></a>[page 109]</span> +its Chief from personal rivalry—and the other, from the very feeling +of its own incapacity, became reckless as to the course +of its political actions.</p> + +<p class="ind">He concluded by saying he felt it right to reserve his final +determination till the last moment at which it would become +necessary.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RESIGNATION OF THE PEELITES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>21st February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and feels extreme regret in having to state to your +Majesty that Sir James Graham, Mr Gladstone, and Mr Sidney +Herbert announced at the Cabinet Meeting to-day their determination +to retire from the Government in consequence of +their inability to consent to the nomination of Mr Roebuck's +Committee.<sup>38</sup> <i>No other</i> Member of the Government has as yet +intimated any intention to retire. Viscount Palmerston will +assemble the remaining Members of the Government to-morrow +at twelve to take into consideration the steps to be +taken for supplying the places of the retiring Members.<sup>39</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">An endeavour has been made to induce Mr Roebuck to postpone +the appointment of the Committee till Monday, but he +will not consent to delay it beyond to-morrow, and he will +insert in the votes to-night, to be printed to-morrow morning +(in accordance with the rules of the House), the proposed list +of names which have been settled between the Government +and Mr Roebuck, and which seem to be unobjectionable, all +things considered....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 38: The retirement of the Peelites in a body from Lord Palmerston's Ministry is a curious +instance of the tenacity of Party ties, since the prosecution of the enquiry into the conduct +of the war affected the Whig as much as the Peelite section of the Aberdeen Cabinet. +In reference to their reason for resignation (<i>viz.</i> that the investigation was a dangerous +breach of a great constitutional principle, and that similar enquiries could never thenceforward +be refused), see Parker's <i>Sir James Graham</i>, vol. ii. pp. 268-272.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">The secession of the Peelites, however, did not make the Ministry a Whig Government. +The last Whig Administration was that which left office early in 1852. Had Lord John +Russell succeeded in his attempt on the present occasion, the Whig party might have +endured <i>co nomine</i>; but Palmerston had, notwithstanding Cobden's distrust, been +popular with the Radicals, and henceforward his supporters must be known as the Liberal +Party.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 39: Sir Charles Wood became First Lord of the Admiralty (Mr. Vernon Smith succeeding +him at the Board of Control), Sir George Lewis succeeded Mr Gladstone at the Exchequer, +and the Colonial Office was offered to and accepted by Lord John Russell, who was at +the moment in Paris on his way to attend the Vienna Conference. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CRIMEAN HEROES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>27th February 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Since I last wrote to you, we have +again had much trouble, as Van de Weyer will have informed +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.110" id="pageiii.110"></a>[page 110]</span> +you. We have lost our <i>three</i> best men—certainly from the +purest and best of motives—but the result is <i>unfortunate</i>. +Altogether, affairs are very unsettled and very unsatisfactory. +The good people here are really a little <i>mad</i>, but I am certain it +<i>will</i> right itself; one must only <i>not</i> give way to the nonsense +and absurdity one hears.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John's return to office <i>under</i> Lord Palmerston is very +extraordinary!<sup>40</sup> I hope he may do good in his mission; he is +most anxious for it.</p> + +<p class="ind">Many thanks for your kind letter of the 23rd. The frost has +left us, which personally I regret, as it agrees so well with me; +but I believe it was very necessary on account of the great +distress which was prevalent, so many people being thrown +out of employment.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor's meditated voyage<sup>41</sup>—though natural in him +to wish—I think most alarming; in fact, I don't know how +things are to go on without him, independent of the great +danger he exposes himself to besides. I own it makes one +tremble, for <i>his life</i> is of such <i>immense importance</i>. I still hope +that he may be deterred from it, but Walewski was in a great +state about it.</p> + +<p class="ind">On Thursday we saw twenty-six of the wounded Coldstream +Guards, and on Friday thirty-four of the Scotch Fusileers. A +most interesting and touching sight—<i>such</i> fine men, and so +brave and patient! <i>so ready</i> to go back and "<i>be at them again</i>." +A great many of them, I am glad to say, will be able to remain +in the Service. Those who have lost their limbs cannot, of +course. There were two poor boys of nineteen and twenty—the +one had lost his leg, quite high up, by the bursting of a shell +in the trenches, and the other his poor arm so shot that it is +perfectly useless. Both had smooth girls' faces; these were +in the Coldstream, who certainly look the worst. In the Scotch +Fusileers, there were also two very young men—the one shot +through the cheek, the other through the <i>skull</i>—but both +recovered! Among the Grenadiers there is one very sad +object, shot <i>dreadfully</i>, a ball having gone in through the cheek +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.111" id="pageiii.111"></a>[page 111]</span> +and behind the nose and eye and out through the other side! +He is shockingly disfigured, but is recovered. I feel so much +for them, and am <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'so-fond'"><i>so fond</i></ins> of my dear soldiers—so <i>proud</i> of them! +We could not have avoided sending the Guards; it would have +been their ruin if they had not gone....</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now conclude. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 40: For twenty years Lord John Russell had been Leader of the Whig Party in the +House, and Lord Palmerston subordinate to him.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 41: The Emperor had announced his intention of going to the Crimea, and assuming +the conduct of the war. The project was most unfavourably regarded by the Queen and +the Prince, by Lord Palmerston, and by the Emperor's own advisers. But the intention, +which had been carefully matured, was arrived at in full loyalty to the Alliance with +this country, and had to be tactfully met. Accordingly, it was arranged that when +Napoleon was at the Camp in Boulogne in March, Lord Clarendon should visit him there, +and discuss the question with him. Eventually, the Foreign Secretary persuaded the +Emperor to relinquish, or at any rate defer, his expedition; a memorandum of what +passed on the occasion was drawn up by the Prince from the narration of Lord +Clarendon, and printed by Sir Theodore Martin. (<i>Life of the Prince Consort</i>, vol. iii. +p. 231.) +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Clarendon for his letter received this +evening, and will return the enclosures to-morrow.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen gathers from what she has read that the +Emperor is bent upon going, and that nothing in the +shape of remonstrance or argument will turn him from his +purpose.</p> + +<p class="ind">Should the Emperor's journey take place, Lord Cowley's +accompanying him appears to the Queen in all respects a most +useful step, and the Queen gives accordingly her permission for +him to go.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor's taking the management of the whole Campaign, +as well as the command of our Forces, entirely into his +own hands, involves so many considerations that it may be +worth considering whether we ought not previously to come to +a more direct and comprehensive understanding with him, such +as full and verbal discussion would alone afford—to which, in +some shape or other, his present stay at Boulogne might afford +some facilities.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>From Sir Ralph Abercromby.</i><sup>42</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF THE CZAR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">The Hague</span>. <i>2nd March 1855</i>.<br /> +<span style="font-size: 0.9em;">(Received 3.45 <span class="sc">p.m.</span>)</span> </p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor Nicholas died this morning at 1 A.M. of Pulmonic +Apoplexy, after an attack of Influenza.<sup>43</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 42: Who had married the sister of Lady John Russell.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 43: Nothing had been known publicly of the Czar's illness, and the startling news of his +death caused a sensation in England of tragedy rather than of joy. Mr Kinglake has +vividly depicted the feelings of agony and mortification with which the news of the +earlier Russian reverses had been received by Nicholas. On the 1st of March, he received +the full account of the disaster at Eupatoria, after which he became delirious, and died +on the following day. He had stated, in referring to the horrors of that Crimean winter, +that Russia had still two Generals on whom she could rely: Generals Janvier and Février; +and Leech, with matchless art, now made his famous cartoon—"General Février turned +traitor," depicting Death, in the uniform of a Russian officer, laying his bony hand on +the Emperor's heart. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.112" id="pageiii.112"></a>[page 112]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE COMMITTEE OF ENQUIRY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>2nd March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">The death of the Emperor of Russia may or may not produce +important changes in the state of affairs. It is probable that +the Grand Duke Hereditary will succeed quietly, notwithstanding +the notion that a doubt would be started whether he, +as son of the Grand Duke Nicholas, would not be superseded by +his younger brother born son of the Czar.<sup>44</sup> It is possible that +the new Emperor may revert to that peaceful policy which he +was understood to advocate in the beginning of these transactions, +but it is possible, on the other hand, that he may feel +bound to follow out the policy of his father, and may be impelled +by the headstrong ambition of his brother Constantine. At +all events, this change at Petersburg should not for the present +slacken the proceedings and the arrangements of the Allies.</p> + +<p class="ind">The House of Commons has been engaged in discussing Mr +Roebuck's proposal that the Committee of Enquiry should be +a secret one. This proposal was made by the majority of the +Committee on the ground that they anticipated a difficulty in +conducting their enquiries without trenching on the delicate +and dangerous ground of questioning the proceedings of the +French. The proposal was objected to by Lord Seymour<sup>45</sup> +and Mr Ellice, members of the Committee, by Sir James +Graham as unjust towards the Duke of Newcastle, and others +whose conduct ought to be enquired into with all the safeguards +which publicity secures for justice, and not before a +Secret Tribunal in the nature of an Inquisition. The general +sense of the House was against secrecy, and Viscount Palmerston +expressed an opinion adverse to it, on the ground that it +could not be enforced because the Committee could not gag +the witnesses, and that the character of secrecy would excite +suspicion and disappoint public expectation. Sir John Pakington, +a member of the Committee, was for secrecy, Mr Disraeli +spoke against it, and the Motion has been withdrawn.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 44: The eldest son, the Grand Duke Alexander (1818-1881), succeeded as Czar +Alexander II.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 45: Lord Seymour (afterwards Duke of Somerset) drafted the Report of the Committee. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Princess of Prussia.</i></h5> +<h5>[<i>Translation.</i>]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>4th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dear Augusta</span>,—The astounding news of the death of your +poor uncle the Emperor Nicholas reached us the day before +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.113" id="pageiii.113"></a>[page 113]</span> +yesterday at four o'clock. A few hours previously we had +learnt that his condition was hopeless. The news is sudden and +most unexpected, and we are naturally very anxious to learn +details. His departure from life at the present moment cannot +but make a particularly strong impression, and what the consequences +of it may be the All-knowing One alone can foresee. +Although the poor Emperor has died as our enemy, I have not +forgotten former and more happy times, and no one has more +than I regretted that he himself evoked this sad war.<sup>46</sup> To +you I must address my request to express to the poor Empress, +as well as to the family, my heartfelt condolence. I cannot do +it officially, but you, my beloved friend, you will surely be able +to convey it to your sister-in-law as well as to the present young +Emperor in a manner which shall not compromise me. I have +a deep, heartfelt desire to express this. To your dear, honoured +mother convey, pray, my condolence on the death of her +brother....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 46: The Queen records, in the <i>Life of the Prince Consort</i>, that she entertained a sincere +respect for the Emperor personally, and received the news of his death with regret (vol. +iii. p. 225, note). +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5><span class="rightnote">THE HOSPITAL QUESTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>5th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is very anxious to bring before Lord Panmure the +subject which she mentioned to him the other night, viz. that +of Hospitals for our sick and wounded soldiers. This is absolutely +necessary, and <i>now</i> is the moment to have them built, +for no doubt there would be no difficulty in obtaining the +money requisite for this purpose, from the strong feeling now +existing in the public mind for improvements of all kinds connected +with the Army and the well-being and comfort of the +soldier.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nothing can exceed the attention paid to these poor men in +the Barracks at Chatham (or rather more Fort Pitt and Brompton), +and they are in that respect very comfortable; but the +buildings are bad—the wards more like prisons than hospitals, +with the windows so high that no one can look out of them; +and the generality of the wards are small rooms, with hardly +space for you to walk between the beds. There is no dining-room +or hall, so that the poor men must have their dinners in +the same room in which they sleep, and in which some may be +dying, and at any rate many suffering, while others are at their +meals. The proposition of having hulks prepared for their +reception will do very well at first, but it would not, the Queen +thinks, do for any length of time. A hulk is a very gloomy +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.114" id="pageiii.114"></a>[page 114]</span> +place, and these poor men require their spirits to be cheered +as much as their physical sufferings to be attended to. +The Queen is particularly anxious on this subject, which is, +he may truly say, constantly in her thoughts, as is everything +connected with her beloved troops, who have fought +so bravely and borne so heroically all their sufferings and +privations.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes before long to visit all the Hospitals at +Portsmouth, and to see in what state they are.</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>When</i> will the medals be ready for distribution?</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Marquis of Dalhousie to Queen Victoria.</i></h5><span class="rightnote">LORD DALHOUSIE RESIGNS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Ootacamund</span>, <i>14th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General presents his most humble duty to +your Majesty; and in obedience to the command, which your +Majesty was pleased to lay upon him, that he should keep your +Majesty acquainted with the course of public events in India, +he has the honour to inform your Majesty that he has now felt +it to be his duty to request the President of the Board of Control +to solicit for him your Majesty's permission to retire from +the office of Governor-General of India about the close of the +present year.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General begs permission respectfully to represent, +that in January next, he will have held his present +office for eight years; that his health during the last few +months has seriously failed him; and that although he believes +that the invigorating air of these hills will enable him to discharge +all his duties efficiently during this season, yet he is +conscious that the effects of an Indian climate have laid such a +hold upon him that by the close of the present year he will be +wholly unfit any longer to serve your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Dalhousie, therefore, humbly trusts that your Majesty +will graciously permit him to resign the great office which he +holds before he ceases to command the strength which is +needed to sustain it. He has the honour to subscribe himself, +your Majesty's most obedient, most humble and devoted +Subject and Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Dalhousie</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>14th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the letter and Despatches from Vienna. +They don't alter her opinion as to our demands. Every concession +in form and wording ought to be made which could +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.115" id="pageiii.115"></a>[page 115]</span> +save Russian <i>amour-propre</i>; but this ought in no way to trench +upon the <i>substance</i> of our demands, to which Austria must feel +herself bound.<sup>47</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 47: As has already been stated, the "Four Points" were the basis of the negotiations +at Vienna; the third alone, which the Allies and Austria had defined as intended to +terminate Russian preponderance in the Black Sea, caused difficulty. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE VIENNA CONFERENCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>19th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read with the greatest interest Lord Cowley's +three reports. The changeableness of the French views are +most perplexing, although they have hitherto not prevented a +steady course from being followed in the end. Lord Cowley +seems to have been a little off his guard when he took the proposal +of our taking Sinope as a second Malta or Gibraltar, for +a mere act of generosity and confidence towards us. We must +be careful not to break down ourselves the barrier of the +"abnegation clause" of our original treaty.<sup>48</sup> The Austrian +proposal can hardly be serious, for to require 1,200,000 men +before going to war is almost ridiculous.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen read with much concern the two simultaneous +proposals from the King of Prussia's simultaneous Plenipotentiaries—both +inadmissible, in her opinion. A very civil answer +would appear to the Queen as the best, to the effect that, as +Prussia was evidently not now in a mood to resume her position +amongst the great Powers with the responsibilities attaching +to it, we could not hope to arrive at any satisfactory result by +the present negotiations, but shall be ready to treat Prussia +with the same regard with which we have always done, when she +shall have something tangible to propose.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 48: <i>I.e.</i> the formal renunciation by the Allies of any scheme of territorial acquisition. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BALTIC EXPEDITION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>19th March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to the Expedition to the Baltic<sup>49</sup> the Queen +concurs in believing it probable that we shall have to confine +ourselves to a blockade, but this should be with the <i>certainty</i> +of its being done effectually and free from any danger to the +squadron, from a sudden start of the Russian fleet. Twenty +sail of the Line (to which add five French) would be a sufficient +force if supported by the necessary complement of frigates, +corvettes, and gunboats, etc., etc.; alone, they would be useless +from their draught of water, and if twenty ships only are meant +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.116" id="pageiii.116"></a>[page 116]</span> +(not sail of the Line), the force would seem wholly inadequate. +The Queen would therefore wish, before giving her sanction +to the proposed plan of campaign, to have a complete list submitted +to her of what it is intended to constitute the Baltic +Fleet.<sup>50</sup> We ought likewise not to leave ourselves destitute +of any Reserve at home, which the uncertain contingencies of +another year's war may call upon at any moment.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen regrets Lord Shaftesbury's declining office, and +approves of Lord Elgin's selection in his place.<sup>51</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">She thanks Lord Palmerston for the clear and comprehensive +explanation of Sir George Lewis's Stamp Duties Bill,<sup>52</sup> and +approves of Lord Palmerston's proposal for the adjournment +of Parliament for the Easter holidays.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 49: The expedition was commanded by Rear-Admiral Richard Dundas. About the +same time Vice-Admiral Sir James Dundas retired from the Mediterranean Command, +in favour of Sir Edmund Lyons.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 50: The allied fleet comprised 23 line-of-battle ships, 31 frigates and corvettes, 29 smaller +steamers and gunboats, and 18 other craft.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 51: As Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; Mr Matthew Talbot Baines was ultimately +appointed.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 52: Imposing a penny stamp upon bankers' cheques, if drawn within fifteen miles of the +place where they were payable. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd March 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The other day, when the Queen spoke to Lord Panmure on +the subject of the distribution of the <i>Medal</i> for the <i>Crimean</i> +Campaign amongst the Officers, and those who <i>are</i> in <i>this</i> +country, no decision was come to as to how this should be done. +The Queen has since thought that the value of this Medal would +be greatly enhanced if <i>she</i>, were <i>personally</i> to deliver it to the +officers and a certain number of men (selected for that purpose). +The valour displayed by our troops, as well as the sufferings +they have endured, have never been surpassed—perhaps hardly +equalled; and as the Queen has been a witness of <i>what</i> they +have gone through, having visited them in their hospitals, she +would <i>like</i> to be able <i>personally</i> to give them the reward they +have earned so well, and will value so much. It will likewise +have a very beneficial effect, the Queen doubts not, on the +recruiting. The manner in which it should be done, and the details +connected with the execution of this intention of hers, the +Queen will settle with Lord Panmure, when she sees him in Town.</p> + +<p class="ind">Will the Medals now be soon ready?</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE IMPERIAL VISIT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>17th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle,</span>—Your kindness will, I know, excuse any +description of all that has passed, and <i>is</i> passing, and I leave +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.117" id="pageiii.117"></a>[page 117]</span> +it to Charles. The impression is very favourable.<sup>53</sup> There is +great fascination in the quiet, frank manner of the Emperor, +and <i>she</i> is very pleasing, very graceful, and very unaffected, +but very delicate. She <i>is</i> certainly very pretty and very +uncommon-looking. +The Emperor spoke very amiably of you. +The reception by the public was <i>immensely</i> enthusiastic. I +must end here. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 53: The Emperor and Empress of the French arrived on the 16th of April, on a visit to +England. They were enthusiastically received both at Dover (notwithstanding a dense +fog, which endangered the safety of the Imperial yacht) and on their progress from the +South-Eastern terminus to Paddington. In passing King Street, the Emperor was +observed to indicate his former residence to the Empress. +</p> + + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>19th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>, ... I have not a moment to myself, +being of course entirely occupied with our Imperial guests, +with whom I am much pleased, and who behave really with +the greatest tact.<sup>54</sup> The Investiture went off very well, and +to-day (we came from Windsor) the enthusiasm of the thousands +who received him in the City was immense. He is much +pleased. Since the time of my Coronation, with the exception +of the opening of the great Exhibition, I don't remember +anything like it. To-night we go in state to the Opera. In +haste, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 54: A review of the Household troops in Windsor Park was held on the 17th, and a ball +was given at the Castle in the evening. A Council of War on the 18th was attended by +the Prince, the Emperor, and some of their Ministers; in the afternoon the Queen invested +the Emperor with the Garter. On the following day the Emperor received an address at +Windsor from the Corporation of London, and lunched at the Guildhall; the Queen and +Prince and their guests paid a State visit to Her Majesty's Theatre in the evening to hear +<i>Fidelio</i>. On the 20th the party, with brilliant ceremonial, visited the Crystal Palace at +Sydenham, and were enthusiastically received by an immense multitude; another +important Council, relative to the future conduct of the war, was held in the evening. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>24th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Many thanks for your kind letter of +the 19th and 20th, by which I am glad to see that you were +well. Our great visit is past, like a brilliant and most successful +dream, but I think the effect on the visitors will be a good +and lasting one; they saw in our reception, and in that of the +whole Nation, nothing <i>put on</i>, but a warm, hearty welcome +to a faithful and steady Ally. I think also that for Belgium +this visit will be very useful, for it will increase the friendly +feelings of the Emperor towards my dear Uncle, and towards +a country in which England takes so deep an interest.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.118" id="pageiii.118"></a>[page 118]</span> + +<p class="ind">The negotiations are broken off, and Austria has been +called upon to act according to the Treaty of the 2nd December. +She intends, I believe, to make some proposal, but we know +nothing positive as yet. In the meantime I fear the Emperor +(I mean Napoleon) <i>will</i> go to the Crimea, which makes one +anxious.... Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>25th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read the letter of Lady —— to Lady Palmerston, +and now returns it to Lord Palmerston.</p> + +<p class="ind">She has to observe that it has been with her an invariable +rule never to take upon herself the office of sitting in judgment +upon accusations or reports against private character. No +person therefore can have any reason to suppose that she will +by marked neglect or manner appear to pronounce a verdict +upon matters in which she is not the proper Court of Appeal.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S LETTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Palais des Tuileries</span>, <i>le 25 Avril 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et bonne Sœur</span>,—A Paris depuis trois jours, je +suis encore auprès de votre Majesté par la pensée, et mon +premier besoin est de Lui redire combien est profonde l'impression +que m'a laissée son accueil si plein de grâce et d'affectueuse +bonté. La politique nous a rapprochés d'abord, mais +aujourd'hui qu'il m'a été permis de connaître personnellement +votre Majesté c'est une vive et respectueuse sympathie qui +forme désormais le véritable lien qui m'attache à elle. Il est +impossible en effet de vivre quelques jours dans votre intimité +sans subir le charme qui s'attache à l'image de la grandeur et +du bonheur de la famille la plus unie. Votre Majesté m'a +aussi bien touché par ses prévenances délicates envers l'Impératrice; +car rien ne fait plus de plaisir que de voir la personne +qu'on aime devenir l'objet d'aussi flatteuses attentions.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je prie votre Majesté d'exprimer au Prince Albert les +sentiments sincères que m'inspirent sa franche amitié, son +esprit élevé et la droiture de son jugement.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'ai rencontré à mon retour à Paris bien des difficultés +diplomatiques et bien d'autres intervenants au sujet de mon +voyage en Crimée. Je dirai en confidence à votre Majesté que +ma résolution de voyage s'en trouve presque ébranlée. En +France tous ceux qui possèdent sont bien peu courageux!</p> + +<p class="ind">Votre Majesté voudra bien me rappeler au souvenir de sa +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.119" id="pageiii.119"></a>[page 119]</span> +charmante famille et me permettre de Lui renouveler l'assurance +de ma respectueuse amitié et de mon tendre attachement. +De votre Majesté, le bon Frère,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoléon</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S REPLY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>le 27 Avril 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et mon cher Frère</span>,—Votre Majesté vient de m'écrire +une bien bonne et affectueuse lettre que j'ai reçue hier et qui +m'a vivement touchée. Vous dites, Sire, que vos pensées sont +encore auprès de nous; je puis Vous assurer que c'est bien +réciproque de notre part et que nous ne cessons de repasser en +revue et de parler de ces beaux jours que nous avons eu le +bonheur de passer avec Vous et l'Impératrice et qui se sont +malheureusement écoulés si vite. Nous sommes profondément +touchés de la manière dont votre Majesté parle de nous +et de notre famille, et je me plais à voir dans les sentiments que +vous nous témoignez un gage précieux de plus pour la continuation +de ces relations si heureusement et si fermement +établies entre nos deux pays.</p> + +<p class="ind">Permettez que j'ajoute encore, Sire, combien de prix j'attache +à l'entière franchise avec laquelle Vous ne manquez +d'agir envers nous en toute occasion et à laquelle Vous nous trouverez +toujours prêts à répondre, bien convaincus que c'est le +moyen le plus sûr pour éloigner tout sujet de complication et +de mésentendu entre nos deux Gouvernements vis-à-vis des +graves difficultés que nous avons à surmonter ensemble.</p> + +<p class="ind">Depuis le départ de votre Majesté les complications diplomatiques +ont augmenté bien péniblement et la position est +assurément devenue bien difficile mais le Ciel n'abandonnera +pas ceux qui n'ont d'autre but que le bien du genre humain.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'avoue que la nouvelle de la possibilité de l'abandon de +votre voyage en Crimée m'a bien tranquillisée parce qu'il y +avait bien des causes d'alarmes en vous voyant partir si loin +et exposé à tant de dangers. Mais bien que l'absence de votre +Majesté en Crimée soit toujours une grande perte pour les +opérations vigoureuses dont nous sommes convenus, j'espère +que leur exécution n'en sera pas moins vivement poussée par +nos deux Gouvernements.</p> + +<p class="ind">Le Prince me charge de vous offrir ses plus affectueux +hommages et nos enfants qui sont bien flattés de votre gracieux +souvenir, et qui parlent beaucoup de votre visite, se mettent +à vos pieds.</p> + +<p class="ind">Avec tous les sentiments de sincère amitié et de haute +estime, je me dis, Sire et cher Frère, de V.M.I. la bien bonne +Sœur,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> +<a name="illusiii.1" id="illusiii.1"></a> +<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"><a href="images/0130-1100.png"><img src="images/0130-370.png" width="370" height="470" alt="H.M. Eugénie, Empress of the French." border="0" /></a> +<p class="center"><span class="sc">H.M. Eugénie, Empress of the French.</span></p> +<p class="center"><i>From a miniature by Sir W. K. Ross at Windsor Castle</i></p> +<p class="author" style="margin-bottom: 5em;"><i>To face p.</i> 120, Vol. III.</p> +</div> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.120" id="pageiii.120"></a>[page 120]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i><a id="footnotetagXXIV55" name="footnotetagXXIV55"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV55"><sup>55</sup></a></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RUSSIA AND THE BLACK SEA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>26th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the Members of the Cabinet +who met yesterday evening at the Chancellor's were of opinion +that the Austrian proposal adopted by M. Drouyn de Lhuys,<span class="rightnote">AUSTRIAN PROPOSALS</span> +even with his pretended modification, could not be described +more accurately than in the concise terms of H.R.H. the +Prince Albert, namely, that instead of making to cease the +preponderance of Russia in the Black Sea, it would perpetuate +and legalise that preponderance, and that instead of establishing +a secure and permanent Peace, it would only establish a +prospective case for war. Such a proposal therefore your +Majesty's Advisers could not recommend your Majesty to +adopt; but as the step to be taken seems rather to be to make +such a proposal to Austria than to answer such a proposal +which Austria has not formally made, and as M. Drouyn's +telegraphic despatch stated that he thought that Lord John +Russell would recommend such an arrangement to his colleagues, +the Cabinet were of opinion that the best course would be +simply to take no step at all until Lord John Russell's return, +which may be expected to-morrow or next day, especially as +Lord Clarendon had already, by telegraphic message of yesterday, +intimated to the French Government that such an arrangement +as that proposed by M. Drouyn, and which would +sanction a Russian Fleet in the Black Sea to any amount short +by one ship of the number existing in 1853, could not be +agreed to by the British Government. Such an arrangement +would, in the opinion of Viscount Palmerston, be alike dangerous +and dishonourable; and as to the accompanying alliance +with Austria for the future defence of Turkey and for making +war with Russia, if she were to raise her Black Sea Fleet up to +the amount of 1853, what reason is there to believe that Austria, +who shrinks from war with Russia now that the Army of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.121" id="pageiii.121"></a>[page 121]</span> +Russia has been much reduced by the losses of the last twelve +months—now that her Forces are divided and occupied elsewhere +than on the Austrian frontier, and now that England +and France are actually in the field with great Armies, supported +by great Fleets, what reason is there to believe that this +same Austria would be more ready to make war four or five +years hence, when the Army of Russia shall have repaired its +losses and shall be more concentrated to attack Austria, when +the Austrian Army shall have been reduced to its Peace +Establishment, and when the Peace Establishments of England +and France, withdrawn within their home stations, shall +be less ready to co-operate with Austria in war? What +reason, moreover, is there for supposing that Austria, who has +recently declared that though prepared for war she will not +make war for ten sail of the Line more or less in the Russian +Black Sea Fleet, will some few years hence, when unprepared +for war, draw the sword on account of the addition of one ship +of war to the Russian Fleet in the Black Sea?</p> + +<p class="ind">Such proposals are really a mockery.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIV55" name="footnoteXXIV55"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV55">Footnote 55:</a> It had long become evident that Russia would refuse assent to the Third Point, terminating +her preponderance in the Black Sea, but Austria now came forward with a proposal +to limit the Russian force there to the number of ships authorised before the war. This +was rejected by Russia, whereupon the representatives of England and France withdrew +from the negotiations. Count Buol, representing Austria, then came forward again with +a scheme the salient features of which were that, if Russia increased her Black Sea fleet +beyond its existing strength, Turkey might maintain a force equal to it, and England +and France might each have a naval force in the Black Sea equal to half the Russian +force, while the increase of the Russian fleet beyond its strength in 1853 would be +regarded by Austria as a <i>casus belli</i>. These terms were satisfactory neither to the British +Government nor to the French Emperor, so that it was learned with some surprise that +Lord John Russell and M. Drouyn de Lhuys (the French Plenipotentiary) had approved +of them. Upon the Emperor definitely rejecting the proposals, M. Drouyn de Lhuys +resigned; he was succeeded as Foreign Minister by Count Walewski, M. de Persigny +becoming Ambassador in London. Lord John Russell tendered his resignation, but, at +Lord Palmerston's solicitation, and most unfortunately for himself, he withdrew it. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>28th April 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these very important letters. She +thinks that it will be of great use to ask the Emperor to send +M. Drouyn de Lhuys over here after having discussed the plans +of peace with him, in order that he should hear our arguments +also, and give us his reasons for thinking the terms acceptable. +The influence of distance and difference of locality upon the +resolves of men has often appeared to the Queen quite marvellous.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE IMPERIAL VISIT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st May 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—On this day, the fifth birthday of our +darling little Arthur—the anniversary of the opening of the +Great Exhibition—the <i>once</i> great day at Paris, viz. the poor +King's name-day—and also the birthday of the dear old Duke—I +write to thank you for your kind and affectionate letter +of the 27th. The <i>attentat</i><sup>56</sup> on the Emperor will have shocked +you, as it did us; it shocked me <i>the more</i> as we had <i>watched +over</i> him with such anxiety while he was with us.</p> + +<p class="ind">It has produced an immense sensation in France, we hear, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.122" id="pageiii.122"></a>[page 122]</span> +and many of <i>his</i> political <i>enemies</i>, he says, cheered him loudly +as he returned to the Tuileries. As you say, he is <i>very personal</i>, +and <i>therefore</i> kindness <i>shown</i> him <i>personally</i> will make a +<i>lasting</i> effect on his mind, peculiarly susceptible to <i>kindness</i>. +Another feature in his character is that <i>il ne fait pas de phrases</i>—and +<i>what</i> is said is the result of deep reflection. I therefore +send you (in <i>strict confidence</i>) a copy of the really very kind +letter he wrote me, and which I am sure is <i>quite sincere</i>. He +felt the simple and kind treatment of him and her <i>more</i> than +<i>all</i> the outward homage and display.</p> + +<p class="ind">Please kindly to return it when you have done with it.</p> + +<p class="ind">I am sure you would be charmed with the Empress; it is +not such great beauty, but such grace, elegance, sweetness, and +<i>nature</i>. Her manners are charming; the <i>profile</i> and figure +beautiful and particularly <i>distingués</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">You will be pleased (as I was) at the abandonment of the +journey to the Crimea, though I think, as regarded the Campaign, +it would have been a good thing....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John is returned. I can't say more to-day, but remain, +ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">We have a Childs' <i>Ball</i> to-night.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 56: An Italian, Giacomo Pianori, fired twice at the Emperor, while he was riding in the +Champs Elysées, on the 29th of April; the Emperor was uninjured. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S IMPRESSIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd May 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The recent visit of the Emperor Napoleon III. to this +country is a most curious page of history, and gives rise to +many reflections. A remarkable combination of circumstances +has brought about the very intimate alliance which now unites +England and France, for so many centuries the bitterest +enemies and rivals, and this, under the reign of the present +Emperor, the nephew of our greatest foe, and bearing his +name, and brought about by the policy of the late Emperor of +Russia, who considered himself as the head of the European +Alliance against France!</p> + +<p class="ind">In reflecting on the character of the present Emperor +Napoleon, and the impression I have conceived of it, the +following thoughts present themselves to my mind:</p> + +<p class="ind">That he <i>is</i> a very <i>extraordinary</i> man, with great qualities +there can be <i>no</i> doubt—I might almost say a mysterious man. +He is evidently possessed of <i>indomitable courage</i>, <i>unflinching +firmness of purpose</i>, <i>self-reliance</i>, <i>perseverance</i>, and <i>great +secrecy</i>; to this should be added, a great reliance on what he +calls his <i>Star</i>, and a belief in omens and incidents as connected +with his future destiny, which is almost romantic—and at the +same time he is endowed with wonderful <i>self-control</i>, great +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.123" id="pageiii.123"></a>[page 123]</span> +<i>calmness</i>, even <i>gentleness</i>, and with a <i>power</i> of +<i>fascination</i>, the +effect of which upon all those who become more intimately +acquainted with him is <i>most sensibly</i> felt.</p> + +<p class="ind">How far he is actuated by a strong <i>moral</i> sense of <i>right</i> and +<i>wrong</i> is difficult to say. On the one hand, his attempts at +Strasbourg and Boulogne, and this last after having given a +solemn promise never to return or make a similar attempt—in +which he openly called on the subjects of the then King of +the French to follow him as the successor of Napoleon, the +<i>Coup d'État</i> of December 1851, followed by great ... severity +and the confiscation of the property of the unfortunate Orleans +family, would lead one to believe that he is not. On the other +hand, his kindness and gratitude towards all those, whether +high or low, who have befriended him or stood by him through +life, and his straightforward and steady conduct towards us +throughout the very difficult and anxious contest in which we +have been engaged for a year and a half, show that he is +possessed of noble and right feelings.</p> + +<p class="ind">My impression is, that in all these apparently inexcusable +acts, he has invariably been guided by the belief that he is +<i>fulfilling a destiny</i> which God has <i>imposed</i> upon him, and that, +though cruel or harsh in themselves, they were <i>necessary</i> to +obtain the result which he considered <i>himself</i> as <i>chosen</i> to carry +out, and <i>not</i> acts of <i>wanton</i> cruelty or injustice; for it is +impossible to know him and not to see that there is much +that is truly amiable, kind, and honest in his character. +Another remarkable and important feature in his composition +is, that everything he says or expresses is the <i>result</i> of deep +reflection and of settled purpose, and not merely <i>des phrases +de politesse</i>, consequently when we read words used in his +speech made in the City, we may feel sure that he <i>means</i> what +he says; and therefore I would rely with confidence on his +behaving honestly and faithfully towards us. I am not able +to say whether he is deeply versed in History—I should rather +think not, as regards it <i>generally</i>, though he may be, and +probably is, well informed in the history of his own country, +certainly fully so in that of the <i>Empire</i>, he having made it his +special study to contemplate and reflect upon all the acts and +designs of his great uncle. He is very well read in German +literature, to which he seems to be very partial. It is said, +and I am inclined to think with truth, that he reads but little, +even as regards despatches from his own foreign Ministers, he +having expressed his surprise at my reading them daily. He +seems to be singularly ignorant in matters not connected +with the branch of his <i>special</i> studies, and to be ill informed +upon them by those who surround him.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.124" id="pageiii.124"></a>[page 124]</span> +<span class="rightnote">LOUIS PHILIPPE AND NAPOLEON III</span> +<p class="ind">If we compare him with poor King Louis Philippe, I should +say that the latter (Louis Philippe) was possessed of vast knowledge +upon all and every subject, of immense experience in +public affairs, and of great activity of mind; whereas the +Emperor possesses greater judgment and much greater firmness +of purpose, but no experience of public affairs, nor mental +application; he is endowed, as was the late King, with much +fertility of imagination.</p> + +<p class="ind">Another great difference between King Louis Philippe and +the Emperor is, that the poor King was <i>thoroughly French</i> in +character, possessing all the liveliness and talkativeness of +that people, whereas the Emperor is as <i>unlike</i> a <i>Frenchman</i> as +possible, being much more <i>German</i> than French in character.... How +could it be expected that the Emperor <i>should</i> have +any <i>experience</i> in <i>public affairs</i>, considering that till six years +ago he lived as a poor exile, for some years even in prison, and +never having taken the slightest part in the <i>public</i> affairs of +<i>any</i> country?</p> + +<p class="ind">It is therefore the more astounding, indeed almost incomprehensible, +that he should show all those powers of Government, +and all that wonderful tact in his conduct and manners +which he evinces, and which many a King's son, nurtured in +palaces and educated in the midst of affairs, never succeeds in +attaining. I likewise believe that he would be incapable of +such tricks and over-reachings as practised by poor King +Louis Philippe (for whose memory, as the old and kind friend +of my father, and of whose kindness and amiable qualities +I shall ever retain a lively sense), who in great as well as in +small things took a pleasure in being cleverer and more cunning +than others, often when there was no advantage to be gained +by it, and which was, unfortunately, strikingly displayed in +the transactions connected with the Spanish marriages, which +led to the King's downfall and ruined him in the eyes of all +Europe. On the other hand, I believe that the Emperor +Napoleon would not hesitate to do a thing by main force, even +if in itself unjust and tyrannical, should he consider that the +<i>accomplishment of his destiny</i> demanded it.</p> +<span class="rightnote">ISOLATION OF THE EMPEROR</span> +<p class="ind">The <i>great advantage</i> to be derived for the permanent alliance +of England and France, which is of such vital importance to +both countries, by the Emperor's recent visit, I take to be +this: that, with his peculiar character and views, which are +very personal, a kind, unaffected, and hearty reception by us +<i>personally</i> in our own family will make a lasting impression +upon his mind; he will see that he can rely upon our friendship +and honesty towards him and his country so long as he +remains faithful towards us; naturally frank, he will see the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.125" id="pageiii.125"></a>[page 125]</span> +advantage to be derived from continuing so; and if he reflects +on the downfall of the former dynasty, he will see that it arose +<i>chiefly</i> from a <i>breach</i> of pledges,... and will be sure, if I be not +very much mistaken in his character, to <i>avoid</i> such a course. It +must likewise not be overlooked that this kindly feeling towards +us, and consequently towards England (the interests of +which are <i>inseparable</i> from us), must be increased when it is +remembered that <i>we</i> are almost the only people in <i>his</i> own +position with whom he has been able to be on any terms of +intimacy, consequently almost the only ones to whom he could +talk easily and unreservedly, which he cannot do naturally +with his inferiors. He and the Empress are in a most isolated +position, unable to trust the only relations who are near them +in France, and surrounded by courtiers and servants, who +from fear or interest do not tell them the truth. It is, therefore, +natural to believe that he will not willingly separate from +those who, like us, do not scruple to put him in possession of +the real facts, and whose conduct is guided by justice and +honesty, and this the more readily as he is supposed to have +always been a searcher after truth. I would go still further, +and think that it is in our power to <i>keep</i> him in the right course, +and to protect him against the extreme flightiness, changeableness, +and to a certain extent want of honesty of his own servants +and nation. We should never lose the opportunity of checking +in the bud any attempt on the part of his agents or ministers to +play us false, frankly informing him of the facts, and encouraging +him to bring forward in an equally frank manner whatever +he has to complain of. This is the course which we have +hitherto pursued, and as he is France in his own sole person, +it becomes of the utmost importance to encourage by every +means in our power that very open intercourse which I must +say has existed between him and Lord Cowley for the last year +and a half, and now, since our personal acquaintance, between +ourselves.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE FRENCH ALLIANCE</span> +<p class="ind">As I said before, the words which fall from his lips are the +result of deep reflection, and part of the deep plan which he +has staked out for himself, and which he intends to carry out. +I would therefore lay stress on the following words which he +pronounced to me immediately after the investiture of the +Order of the Garter: "<i>C'est un lien de plus entre nous, j'ai +prêté serment de fidélité à votre Majesté et je le garderai soigneusement. +C'est un grand événement pour moi, et j'espère pouvoir +prouver ma reconnaissance envers votre Majesté et son Pays.</i>" +In a letter said to be written by him to Mr F. Campbell, the +translator of M. Thiers's <i>History of the Consulate and Empire</i>, +when returning the proof-sheets in 1847, he says "Let us +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.126" id="pageiii.126"></a>[page 126]</span> +hope the day may yet come when I shall carry out the +intentions of my Uncle by uniting the policy and interests of +England and France in an indissoluble alliance. That hope +cheers and encourages me. It forbids my repining at the +altered fortunes of my family."</p> + +<p class="ind">If these be truly his words, he certainly has acted up to +them, since he has swayed with an iron hand the destinies of +that most versatile nation, the French. That he should have +written this at a moment when Louis Philippe had succeeded +in all his wishes, and seemed securer than ever in the possession +of his Throne, shows a calm reliance in his destiny and in the +realisation of hopes entertained from his very childhood which +borders on the supernatural.</p> + +<p class="ind">These are a few of the many reflections caused by the observation +and acquaintance with the character of this most +extraordinary man, in whose fate not only the interests of this +country, but the whole of Europe are intimately bound up. +I shall be curious to see if, after the lapse of time, my opinion +and estimate of it has been the right one.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>10th May 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these interesting letters to Lord Clarendon. +When the Emperor expresses a wish that positive instructions +should be sent to Lord Raglan to join in a general +forward movement about to take place, he should be made +aware that Lord Raglan has been ready and most anxious +for the assault taking place on the 26th, and that he only +consented to postpone it for a few days at General Canrobert's +earnest desire, who wished to wait for the army of Reserve. +It should be kept in mind, however, that the English cannot +proceed farther as long as the Mamelon has not been taken, +and that as long as the French refuse to do this they must not +complain of Lord Raglan's not advancing. The refusal to +undertake this has, the Queen is sorry to say, produced a bad +feeling amongst many of our officers and men, which she owns +alarms her.<sup>57</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 57: General Canrobert was deficient in dash and initiative; he knew his defects, and was +relieved of his command at his own request, being succeeded by General Pélissier.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">On the 24th of May (the Queen's Birthday) a successful expedition was made against +Kertsch, the granary of Sebastopol, and vast quantities of coal, corn, and flour were +either seized by the Allies, or destroyed in anticipation of their seizure by the Russians.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">On the 7th of June, the Mamelon (a knoll crowned by a redoubt and protected by the +Rifle Pits) was taken by the French, and the Gravel Pits, an outwork in front of the +Redan, by the English. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.127" id="pageiii.127"></a>[page 127]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE CRIMEAN MEDAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>22nd May 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest, kindest Uncle</span>,— ... The state of affairs is +uncomfortable and complicated just now, but our course is +<i>straight</i>; we <i>cannot</i> come to any peace unless we have such +guarantees by <i>decided</i> limitation of the Fleet, which would +secure us against Russian preponderance for the future.<sup>58</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Ernest will have told you what a <i>beautiful</i> and <i>touching</i> sight +and ceremony (the first of the kind ever witnessed in England) +the distribution of the Medals was. From the highest Prince +of the Blood to the lowest Private, all received the same distinction +for the bravest conduct in the severest actions, and +the rough hand of the brave and honest private soldier came +for the first time in contact with that of their Sovereign and +their Queen! Noble fellows! I own I feel as if they were +<i>my own children</i>; my heart beats for <i>them</i> as for my <i>nearest +and dearest</i>. They were so touched, so pleased; many, I hear, +cried—and they won't hear of giving up their Medals, to have +their names engraved upon them, for fear they should <i>not</i> +receive the <i>identical one</i> put into <i>their hands by me</i>, which is +quite touching. Several came by in a sadly mutilated state. +None created more interest or is more gallant than young Sir +Thomas Troubridge, who had, at Inkerman, <i>one leg</i> and the +<i>other foot</i> carried away by a round shot, and continued commanding +his battery till the battle was won, refusing to be +carried away, only desiring his shattered limbs to be raised +in order to prevent too great a hemorrhage! He was dragged +by in a bath chair, and when I gave him his medal I told him +I should make him one of my Aides-de-camp for his very +gallant conduct, to which he replied: "I am amply repaid +for everything!"<sup>59</sup></p> + +<p class="ind"><i>One must</i> revere and love such soldiers as those! The +account in the <i>Times</i> of Saturday is very correct and good.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must, however, conclude now, hoping soon to hear from +you again. Could you kindly tell me if you could in a few +days forward some letters and papers with <i>safety</i> to good +Stockmar. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 58: Prince Albert, in a Memorandum dated the 25th of May, emphasised the difficulties +in the way of peace caused by the attitude of Austria, and the possibility of her passing +from the one alliance to the other.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 59: He was made a C.B. and a Brevet-Colonel; and also received the Legion of Honour. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Vernon Smith.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SUCCESSOR TO LORD DALHOUSIE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>19th June 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Mr Vernon Smith's letter on the +subject of Lord Dalhousie's resignation and the appointment +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.128" id="pageiii.128"></a>[page 128]</span> +of a successor. She was somewhat astonished that the name +of a successor to that most important appointment should for +the first time be brought before her after all official steps for +carrying it out had been completed. If the selection should +now not receive the Queen's approval, it is evident that great +awkwardness must arise.<sup>60</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 60: Mr Vernon Smith, in reply, referred to the statutory power then existing of the +Directors of the East India Company to nominate a Governor-General, subject to the +approbation of the Crown. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Vernon Smith.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>20th June 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen received Mr V. Smith's letter yesterday evening +after her return from Chatham. She readily acquits him of any +<i>intentional</i> want of respect towards her, or of any neglect in +going through the prescribed forms with regard to the appointment +in question, neither of which she meant to insinuate by +her letter. But she does not look upon the question as one of +form. She takes a deep and natural interest in the welfare of +her Indian Empire, and must consider the selection of the fittest +person for the post of Governor-General as of paramount +importance. She had frequently discussed this point with +Lord Palmerston, but the name of Lord Canning never occurred +amongst the candidates alluded to. The Queen is even now +quite ignorant as to the reasons and motives which led to his +selection in preference to those other names, and Mr V. Smith +will see at once that, were the Queen inclined to object to it, +she could not <i>now</i> do so without inflicting a deep, personal +injury on a public man, for whose personal qualities and talents +the Queen has a high regard.</p> + +<p class="ind">She accordingly approves the recommendation, but must +repeat her regret that no opportunity had been given to her +to discuss the propriety of it with her Ministers previous to +the intention of the recommendation becoming known to all +concerned in it.</p> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>General Simpson to Lord Panmure.</i><sup>61</sup></h5> + +<h5>[<i>Telegram.</i>]</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF LORD RAGLAN</span> + +<p class="indright"> +<i>29th June 1855</i>.</p> +<p class="indright" style="font-size: 0.8em; margin-top: -1em;">(8.30 A.M.) </p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Raglan had been going on favourably until four in the +afternoon yesterday, when very serious symptoms made their +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.129" id="pageiii.129"></a>[page 129]</span> +appearance. Difficulty of breathing was experienced, which +gradually increased. Up to five o'clock he was conscious, and +from this time his strength declined almost imperceptibly until +twenty-five minutes before nine, when he died. I have assumed +the command, as Sir George Brown is too ill on board +ship.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 61: On the 18th of June, the fortieth anniversary of Waterloo, a combined attack by the +English on the Redan, and the French on the Malakhoff, was repulsed with heavy losses. +The scheme was that of Pélissier, and Lord Raglan acquiesced against his better judgment. +The result depressed him greatly; he was attacked with cholera, and died on the 28th. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to General Simpson.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>30th June 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Not being aware whether Sir George Brown is well enough +by this time to assume the command of the Army, the Queen +writes to General Simpson, as the Chief of his Staff, to express +to him, and <i>through</i> him to the Army, her deep and <i>heartfelt +grief</i> at the irreparable loss of their gallant and excellent +Commander, Lord Raglan, which has cast a gloom over us +all, as it must do over the whole Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">But, at the same time, the Queen wishes to express her +earnest hope and confident trust that every one will more than +ever now do their duty, as they have hitherto so nobly done, +and that she may continue to be as proud of her beloved Army +as she has been, though their brave Chief who led them so +often to victory and to glory, has been taken from them.</p> + +<p class="ind">Most grievous and most truly melancholy it is that poor +Lord Raglan should die <i>thus</i>—from sickness—on the eve, +as we have every reason to hope, of the glorious result of so +much labour, and so much anxiety, and not be allowed to +witness it.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen's prayers will be more than ever with her Army, +and most fervently do we trust that General Simpson's health, +as well as that of the other Generals, may be preserved to them +unimpaired!</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lady Raglan.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>30th June 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dear Lady Raglan</span>,—Words <i>cannot</i> convey <i>all</i> I feel at the +irreparable loss you have sustained, and I and the Country +have, in your noble, gallant, and excellent husband, whose +loyalty and devotion to his Sovereign and Country were unbounded. +We both feel <i>most deeply</i> for you and your daughters, +to whom this blow must be most severe and sudden. He was +so strong, and his health had borne the bad climate, great +fatigues, and anxieties so well, ever since he left England, that, +though we were much alarmed at hearing of his illness, we +were full of hopes of his speedy recovery.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.130" id="pageiii.130"></a>[page 130]</span> + +<p class="ind">We must bow to the will of God; but to be taken away +thus, on the eve of the successful result of so much +labour, so much suffering, and so much anxiety, is cruel +indeed!</p> + +<p class="ind">We feel much, too, for the brave Army, whom he was so +proud of, who will be sadly cast down at losing their gallant +Commander, who had led them so often to victory and +glory.</p> + +<p class="ind">If sympathy can be any consolation, you have it, for <i>we all</i> +have <i>alike</i> to mourn, and no one more than I, who have lost +a faithful and devoted Servant, in whom I had the greatest +confidence.</p> + +<p class="ind">We both most anxiously hope that your health, and that of +your daughters, may not materially suffer from this dreadful +shock. Believe me always, my dear Lady Raglan, yours very +sincerely,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to General Simpson.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GENERAL SIMPSON TAKES COMMAND </span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>7th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">When the Queen last wrote to General Simpson to express +to him, and through him to her Army in the Crimea, her <i>deep</i> +grief at the loss of their noble, gallant, and excellent Commander, +it was not yet known that Sir George Brown would +return home, and that the command of the Army would +devolve upon General Simpson. She writes to him, therefore, +to-day, for the <i>first</i> time as the Commander-in-Chief of her +heroic Army in the East, to assure him of her confidence and +support. It is as proud a command as any soldier could +desire, but its difficulties and responsibilities are also very +great.</p> + +<p class="ind">General Simpson knows well how admirably his lamented +predecessor conducted all the communications with our Allies +the French, and he cannot do better than follow in the same +course. While showing the greatest readiness to act with +perfect cordiality towards them, he will, the Queen trusts, never +allow her Army to be unduly pressed upon, which would only +injure both Armies.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen feels very anxious lest the fearful heat which the +Army is exposed to should increase cholera and fever. Both +the Prince and herself, the Queen can only repeat, have their +minds <i>constantly</i> occupied with the Army, and count the days +and hours between the mails, and it would be a relief to the +Queen to hear herself directly from General Simpson from time +to time when he has leisure to write.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.131" id="pageiii.131"></a>[page 131]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Prince wishes to be most kindly named to General +Simpson, and joins with the Queen in every possible good +wish for himself and her brave and beloved troops.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S UNPOPULARITY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>12th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston very much regrets to have to say that +the adverse feeling in regard to Lord John Russell grows +stronger and spreads wider every day, and there is a general +desire that he should resign.<sup>62</sup> This desire is expressed by the +great bulk of the steadiest supporters of the Government, and +was conveyed to Lord John this evening in the House of Commons +by Mr Bouverie on behalf of those members of the Government +who are not in the Cabinet. Lord John has himself come +to the same conclusion, and informed Viscount Palmerston this +evening in the House of Commons that he has finally determined +to resign, and will to-morrow or next day write a letter +to that effect to be laid before your Majesty. Viscount Palmerston +told him that however great would be the loss of the +Government by his resignation, yet as this is a question which +more peculiarly regards Lord John personally, his course must +be decided by his own judgment and feelings; but that if he did +not think necessary to resign, Viscount Palmerston would face +Sir Edward Bulwer's Motion with the Government as it is.<sup>63</sup> +He asked Lord John, however, whether, if he determined to +resign, there was any arrangement which he would wish to have +submitted for your Majesty's consideration, and especially +whether, if your Majesty should be graciously pleased to raise +him to the Peerage, such an Honour would be agreeable to him. +He said that perhaps in the autumn such an act of favour on +the part of your Majesty might fall in with his views and would +be gratefully received, but it would not do at present, and +should not be mentioned....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 62: Lord John Russell had, as stated above, favoured the proposals of Count Buol at +Vienna, compromising the Third Point to the advantage of Russia. The Ministry had +disavowed this view, but Lord John had remained in office. On the 24th of May, Mr +Disraeli moved a vote of censure on the Government for its conduct of the war, fiercely +assailing Lord John for his proceedings both at Vienna and as Minister. In repelling the +charge, Lord John made a vigorous speech disclosing no disposition to modify the British +attitude towards Russian preponderance in the Black Sea, and Mr Disraeli's Motion was +lost by a majority of 100. On a subsequent night he made a further speech strongly +antagonistic to Russia, his attitude as to the Austrian proposals being still undisclosed +to the public. But these speeches caused Count Buol to reveal the favourable view +taken of his proposals by the English and French Plenipotentiaries, and Lord John +Russell's inconsistency aroused widespread indignation.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 63: This Motion was one of censure on Lord John Russell for his conduct at Vienna, and +it was deeply galling to be informed by subordinate members of the Government that, +unless he resigned, they would support the vote of censure. Lord John bowed before the +storm and retired from office. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.132" id="pageiii.132"></a>[page 132]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL RESIGNS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>13th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and submits for your Majesty's gracious acceptance +the resignation of Lord John Russell's office, which Viscount +Palmerston trusts your Majesty will think is expressed in terms +highly honourable to Lord John Russell's feelings as a man and +as a Minister.</p> + +<p class="ind">The step, Viscount Palmerston regrets to say, has become +unavoidable. The storm of public opinion, however much it +may exceed any just or reasonable cause, is too overbearing to +be resisted, and Lord John Russell has no doubt best consulted +his own personal interests in yielding to it. After a time there +will be a reaction and justice will be done; but resistance at +present would be ineffectual, and would only increase irritation.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston is not as yet prepared to submit for +your Majesty's consideration the arrangement which will +become necessary for filling up the gap thus made in the +Government....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>13th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is much concerned by what Lord Palmerston +writes respecting the feeling of the House of Commons. Lord +John's resignation, although a severe loss, may possibly assuage +the storm which he had chiefly produced. But she finds that +Sir E. Lytton's Motion will be equally applicable to the Government +after this event as it would have been before it. She +trusts that no stone will be left unturned to defeat the success +of that Motion, which would plunge the Queen and the executive +Government of the Country into new and most dangerous +complications. These are really not times to play with the +existence of Governments for personal feeling or interests!</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>14th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Palmerston's letter of yesterday, +and returns Lord John Russell's letter,<sup>64</sup> which reflects the +greatest credit on him. The resignation had become unavoidable, +and Lord Palmerston will do well to let the Debate go by +before proposing a successor, whom it will be difficult to find +under any circumstances. Having expressed her feelings on +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.133" id="pageiii.133"></a>[page 133]</span> +the position of affairs in her letter of yesterday, she will not +repeat them here.</p> + +<p class="ind">She grants her permission to Lord Palmerston to state in +Parliament what he may think necessary for the defence of the +Cabinet. She could have the Council here on Wednesday, +which day will probably be the least inconvenient to the +Members of the Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord Palmerston's letter of last +night, which gives a more cheering prospect.<sup>65</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 64: Stating that his continuance in office would embarrass and endanger the Ministry.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 65: In consequence of Lord John's resignation, the motion of censure was withdrawn. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>24th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I feel <i>quite</i> grieved that it must again +be <i>by letter</i> that I express to you all my feelings of love and +affection, which yesterday morning I could still do <i>de vive voix</i>. +It was indeed a <i>happy</i> time; I only fear that I was a dull +companion—silent, +absent, stupid, which I feel I have become since +the War; and the constant anxiety and preoccupation which +that odious Sebastopol causes me and my dear, brave Army, +added to which the last week, or indeed the <i>whole fortnight</i> +since we arrived here, was one of such uncertainty about this +tiresome scarlatina, that it made me still more <i>préoccupée</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The <i>only</i> thing that at all lessened my sorrow at seeing you +depart was my thankfulness that you got safe <i>out</i> of our +<i>Hospital</i>.... +Ever your devoted Niece and Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AFFAIRS OF SWEDEN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>27th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has delayed answering Lord Clarendon's letter +respecting Sweden till she received the first letter from Mr +Magenis,<sup>66</sup> omitted in Lord Clarendon's box. Now, having read +the whole of these documents, she confesses that she requires +some explanation as to the advantages which are to arise to +England from the proposed Treaty, before she can come to any +decision about it. When a Treaty with Sweden was last in +contemplation, she was to have joined in the war against Russia +and to have received a guarantee of the integrity of her dominions +by England and France in return; yet this clause was +found so onerous to this Country, and opening so entirely a new +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.134" id="pageiii.134"></a>[page 134]</span> +field of questions and considerations, that the Cabinet would +not entertain it. Now the same guarantee is to be given by us +without the counterbalancing advantage of Sweden giving us +her assistance in the war.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 66: Mr (afterwards Sir) Arthur Charles Magenis, Minister at Stockholm (and afterwards +at Lisbon), had written to say that an attempt was being made to change the partial +guarantee of Finmark into a general guarantee on behalf of Sweden and Norway. An +important Treaty was concluded between Sweden and Norway, and the Western Powers, +in the following November, which secured the integrity of Sweden and Norway. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GENERAL SIMPSON'S DIFFICULTIES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>30th July 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Panmure's letter of yesterday +evening, and has signed the dormant Commission for Sir W. +Codrington. A similar course was pursued with regard to Sir +George Cathcart. The Queen hopes that General Simpson +may still rally. He must be in a great state of helplessness at +this moment, knowing that he wants, as everybody out there, +the advantages which Lord Raglan's name, experience, position, +rank, prestige, etc., etc., gave him, having his Military +Secretary ill on board, the head of the Intelligence Department +dead, and no means left him whereby to gather information or +to keep up secret correspondence with the Tartars—Colonel +Vico<sup>67</sup> dead, who, as Prince Edward told the Queen, had become +a <i>most important</i> element in the good understanding with the +French Army and its new Commander, and not possessing +military rank enough to make the Sardinian General<sup>68</sup> consider +him as his Chief. If all these difficulties are added to those +inherent to the task imposed upon him, one cannot be surprised +at his low tone of hopefulness. As most of these will, however, +meet every Commander whom we now can appoint, the Queen +trusts that means will be devised to assist him as much as +possible in relieving him from too much writing, and in the +diplomatic correspondence he has to carry on. The Queen +repeats her opinion that a <i>Chef de Chancellerie Diplomatique</i>, +such as is customary in the Russian Army, ought to be placed +at his command, and she wishes Lord Panmure to show this +letter to Lords Palmerston and Clarendon, and to consult with +them on the subject. Neither the Chief of the Staff nor the +Military Secretary can supply that want, and the General +himself must feel unequal to it without any experience on the +subject, and so will his successor.</p> + +<p class="ind">Prince Edward told the Queen <i>in strict confidence</i> that General +Simpson's position in Lord Raglan's Headquarters had been +anything but pleasant, that the Staff had been barely civil to +him; he was generally treated as an interloper, so that the +Sardinian and French Officers attached to our Headquarters +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.135" id="pageiii.135"></a>[page 135]</span> +observed upon it as a strange thing which would not be tolerated +in their Armies, and that General Simpson showed himself +grateful to them for the civility which they showed to a General +Officer of rank <i>aux cheveux blancs</i>. These little details, considered +together with the General's extreme modesty, enable +one to conceive what his present feelings must be.<sup>69</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 67: Colonel Vico, the French Commissioner attached to Lord Raglan's staff, had died on +the 10th.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 68: General La Marmora.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 69: The Russian resources for the defence of Sebastopol, both as to ammunition and +provisions, were becoming exhausted, and a supreme effort was to be made, by massing +more Russian troops in the Crimea, to inflict a decisive blow on the besieging forces of +the Allies. Early on the morning of the 16th of August Prince Gortschakoff attacked the +French and Piedmontese at the River Tchernaya. The attack on the left was repulsed +by the French with the utmost spirit and with very little loss; while the Russian loss, +both in killed and wounded, was severe. The Sardinian army, under General La Marmora, +were no less successful on the right. The news of this victory did not reach England +until the Queen and Prince had left for their visit to Paris. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">[<span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>7th August 1855</i>.]</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read Sir B. Hall's<sup>70</sup> letter, and must say that +she quite concurs in the advantage resulting from the playing +of a band in Kensington Gardens on Sunday afternoon, a practice +which has been maintained on the Terrace at Windsor +through good and evil report, and she accordingly sanctions +this proposal.<sup>71</sup> [She would wish Lord Palmerston, however, +to notice to Sir B. Hall that Hyde Park, although under the +management of the Board of Works, is still a Royal Park, and +that all the Regulations for opening and shutting gates, the +protection of the grounds and police regulations, etc., etc., +stand under the Ranger, who alone could give the order Sir B. +Hall proposes to issue....]<sup>72</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 70: First Commissioner of Public Works; afterwards Lord Llanover.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 71: The Government granted permission for the Band to play, but the practice was +discontinued in 1856. See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.194" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 194</a>, note 31.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 72: The portion of the letter within brackets was struck out of the draft by the Queen. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT TO PARIS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St Cloud</span><a id="footnotetagXXIV73" name="footnotetagXXIV73"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV73"><sup>73</sup></a> <i>23rd August 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I do not intend to attempt any description, +for I have no time for anything of the sort; besides, +I have no doubt you will read the papers, and I know good +Van de Weyer has written <i>au long</i> to you about it all. I will +therefore only give in a few words my impressions.</p> +<span class="rightnote">ENTHUSIASTIC RECEPTION</span> +<p class="ind">I am <i>delighted</i>, <i>enchanted</i>, <i>amused</i>, and <i>interested</i>, +and think +I never saw anything more <i>beautiful</i> and gay than Paris—or +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.136" id="pageiii.136"></a>[page 136]</span> +more splendid than all the Palaces. Our reception is <i>most</i> +gratifying—for it is enthusiastic and really kind in the highest +degree; and Maréchal Magnan<a id="footnotetagXXIV74" name="footnotetagXXIV74"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV74"><sup>74</sup></a> (whom you know well) says +that such a reception as I have received <i>every day here</i> is +much greater and much more enthusiastic even than Napoleon +on his return from his victories had received! Our entrance +into Paris was a scene which was <i>quite feenhaft</i>, and which +could hardly be seen anywhere else; was quite <i>overpowering</i>—splendidly +decorated—illuminated—immensely crowded—and +60,000 troops out—from the Gare de Strasbourg to St Cloud, +of which 20,000 Gardes Nationales, who had come great +distances to see me.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor has done wonders for Paris, and for the Bois +de Boulogne. Everything is beautifully <i>monté</i> at Court—<i>very</i> +quiet, and in excellent order; I must say we are both much +struck with the difference between this and the poor King's +time, when the noise, confusion, and bustle were great. We +have been to the Exposition, to Versailles—which is most +splendid and magnificent—to the Grand Opéra, where the +reception and the way in which "God save the Queen" was +sung were <i>most magnificent</i>. Yesterday we went to the +Tuileries; in the evening <i>Théâtre ici</i>; to-night an immense +ball at the Hôtel de Ville. They have asked to call a new +street, which we opened, <i>after me!</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The heat is very great, but the weather splendid, and though +the sun may be hotter, the air is certainly <i>lighter</i> than ours—and +I have no headache.</p> + +<p class="ind">The <i>Zouaves</i> are on guard here, and you can't see finer men; +the Cent Gardes are splendid too.</p> + +<p class="ind">We drove to look at poor Neuilly on Sunday, the Emperor +and Empress proposing it themselves; and it was a most +<i>melancholy sight</i>, all in ruins. At <i>le grand Trianon</i> we saw the +pretty chapel in which poor Marie was married; at the Tuileries +the Cabinet where the poor King signed his fatal abdication. I +wish <i>you</i> would take an opportunity of telling the poor Queen +that we had thought much of her and the family here, had +visited those spots which were connected with them in particular, +and that we had greatly admired the King's great works at +Versailles, which have been left <i>quite intact</i>. Indeed, the Emperor +(as in everything) has shown <i>great</i> tact and good feeling +about all this, and spoke without any bitterness of the King.</p> + +<p class="ind">I still mean to visit (and this was <i>his</i> proposition) the Chapelle +de St Ferdinand, which I hope you will likewise mention to the +Queen....</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.137" id="pageiii.137"></a>[page 137]</span> + +<p class="ind">The children are so fond of the Emperor, who is so very +kind to them. He <i>is</i> very <i>fascinating</i>, with that great quiet +and gentleness. He has certainly excellent manners, and both +he and the dear and <i>very</i> charming Empress (whom Albert likes +particularly) do the <i>honneurs extremely</i> well and <i>very</i> gracefully, +and are full of <i>every kind</i> attention....</p> + +<p class="ind">Instead of my short letter I have written you a very long one, +and must end. Many thanks for your kind letter of the 17th.</p> + +<p class="ind">How beautiful and how enjoyable is this place! Ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIV73" name="footnoteXXIV73"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV73">Footnote 73:</a> The Queen and Prince left Osborne early on the 18th in their new yacht, <i>Victoria +and Albert</i>, for Boulogne, and the visit to France, which lasted nine days, was brilliantly +successful. The Queen, in her Journal, recorded with great minuteness the details of +this interesting time, and some extracts are printed by Sir Theodore Martin in <i>The Life +of the Prince Consort</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIV74" name="footnoteXXIV74"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV74">Footnote 74:</a> Marshal Magnan had repressed an insurrection in Lyons in 1849, and aided in the +<i>Coup d'État</i> of 1851. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER TO THE EMPEROR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>le 29 Août 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et mon cher Frère</span>,—Une de mes premières occupations +en arrivant ici est d'écrire à votre Majesté et d'exprimer +du fond de mon cœur combien nous sommes pénétrés et +touchés de l'accueil qui nous a été fait en France d'abord par +votre Majesté et l'Impératrice ainsi que par toute la Nation. +Le souvenir ne s'effacera jamais de notre mémoire, et j'aime à +y voir un gage précieux pour le futur de la cordialité qui unit +nos deux Gouvernements ainsi que nos deux peuples. Puisse +cette heureuse union, que nous devons surtout aux qualités +personnelles de votre Majesté, se consolider de plus en plus pour +le bien-être de nos deux nations ainsi que de toute l'Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">C'était avec le cœur bien gros j'ai pris congé de vous, Sire, +après les beaux et heureux jours que nous avons passés avec +vous et que vous avez su nous rendre si agréables. Hélas! +comme toute chose ici-bas, ils se sont écoulés trop vite et ces +dix jours de fêtes paraissent comme un beau rêve, mais ils nous +restent gravés dans notre mémoire et nous aimons à passer en +revue tout ce qui s'est présenté à nos yeux d'intéressant et de +beau en éprouvant en même temps le désir de les voir se renouveler +un jour.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je ne saurais vous dire assez, Sire, combien je suis touchée +de toutes vos bontés et de votre amitié pour le Prince et aussi +de l'affection et de la bienveillance dont vous avez comblé nos +enfants. Leur séjour en France a été la plus heureuse époque +de leur vie, et ils ne cessent d'en parler.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nous avons trouvé tous les autres enfants en bonne santé, +et le petit Arthur se promène avec son bonnet de police qui +fait son bonheur et dont il ne veut pas se séparer. Que Dieu +veille sur votre Majesté et la chère Impératrice pour laquelle +je forme bien des vœux.</p> + +<p class="ind">Vous m'avez dit encore du bateau "au revoir," c'est de tout +mon cœur que je le répète aussi!</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.138" id="pageiii.138"></a>[page 138]</span> + +<p class="ind">Permettez que j'exprime ici tous les sentiments de tendre +amitié et d'affection avec lesquelles je me dis, Sire et cher +Frère, de votre Majesté Impériale, la bien bonne et affectionnée +Sœur et Amie,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">Je viens à l'instant même de recevoir la si aimable dépêche +télégraphique de votre Majesté. Recevez-en tous mes remercîments +les plus affectueux.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AN <i>ENTENTE CORDIALE</i></span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>29th August 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Here we are again, after the <i>pleasantest</i> +and <i>most interesting</i> and triumphant ten days that I think +I ever passed. So complete a success, so very hearty and kind +a reception with and from so <i>difficile</i> a people as the French +is indeed <i>most</i> gratifying and <i>most</i> promising for the future. +The Army were most friendly and amicable towards us also.</p> + +<p class="ind">In short, the <i>complete</i> Union of the two countries is stamped +and sealed in the most satisfactory and solid manner, for it is +not <i>only</i> a Union of the two Governments—the two Sovereigns—it +is that of the <i>two Nations!</i> Albert has told you of all +the very extraordinary combinations of circumstances which +helped to make all so interesting, so satisfactory. Of the +splendour of the <i>Fête</i> at Versailles I can really give <i>no</i> faint +impression, for it exceeded all imagination! I have formed +a <i>great</i> affection for the Emperor, and I believe it is very +reciprocal, for he showed us a confidence which we must feel as +very gratifying, and spoke to us on all subjects, even the <i>most +delicate</i>. I find <i>no</i> great personal rancour towards the Orleans. +He has destroyed nothing that the King did, even to the +Gymnastics of the children at St Cloud, and showed much +kind and good feeling in taking us to see poor Chartres' monument, +which is beautiful. Nothing could exceed his tact and +kindness. I find I must end in a great hurry, and will say +more another day. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Baron Stockmar.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PERSONAL FRIENDSHIP</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>1st September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">You continue to refuse to answer me, but I am <i>not</i> discouraged +by it; but on the contrary <i>must</i> write to you to give +<i>vent</i> to my <i>delight</i> at our triumphant, most interesting, and +most enjoyable visit to Paris! The Prince has written to you, +and given you some general accounts, which will please you, +and the <i>Times</i> has some descriptions ... of the wonderful +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.139" id="pageiii.139"></a>[page 139]</span> +beauty and magnificence of <i>every</i>thing. I never enjoyed +myself more, or was more delighted or more interested, <i>and I +can think</i> and talk of nothing else. I am <i>deeply</i> touched by the +extraordinary warmth, heartiness, and enthusiasm with which +we have been received by <i>all</i> ranks, and the kindness shown +to every one has brought us all back—beginning with ourselves +and ending with the lowest of our servants—full of +gratitude, pleasure, admiration, regret at its being over, and a +great desire to see such a visit renewed! It was touching and +pleasing in the extreme to see the alliance sealed so completely, +and without lowering <i>either</i> Country's pride, and to see +old enmities and rivalries <i>wiped out</i> over the tomb of Napoleon +I., before whose coffin I stood (by torchlight) at the arm of +Napoleon III., now my nearest and dearest ally! We have +come back with feelings of <i>real</i> affection for and interest in +<i>France</i>—and indeed how could it be otherwise when one saw +<i>how</i> much was done to <i>please</i> and delight us? The Army too +(such a fine one!) I feel a real affection for, as the companions +of my beloved troops!</p> + +<p class="ind">For the Emperor <i>personally</i> I have conceived a <i>real</i> affection +and friendship, and so I may truly say of the Prince. +You know what <i>I felt</i> the moment I saw him and became +acquainted with him, what I wrote down about him, etc. +Well, we have now seen him for full <i>ten days</i>, from twelve to +fourteen hours every day—often alone; and I cannot say +<i>how</i> pleasant and easy it is to live with him, or how attached +one becomes to him. I know <i>no</i> one who puts me more at my +ease, or to whom I felt more inclined to talk unreservedly, or in +whom involuntarily I should be more inclined to confide, than +the Emperor! He was entirely at his ease with us—spoke +most openly and frankly with us on all subjects—<span class="sc">EVEN</span> the +<i>most</i> delicate, viz. the Orleans Family (this was with <i>me</i>, for I +was driving alone with him), and I am happy to <i>feel</i> that there +is nothing now between us which could <i>mar</i> our personal good +<i>entente</i> and friendly and intimate footing. He is so simple, so +<i>naïf</i>, never making <i>des phrases</i>, or paying compliments—so full +of tact, good taste, high breeding; his attentions and respect +towards us were so simple and unaffected, his kindness and +friendship for the Prince so natural and so gratifying, <i>because</i> +it is <i>not</i> forced, not <i>pour faire des compliments</i>. He is quite +<i>The Emperor</i>, and yet in <i>no</i> way playing it; the Court and +whole house infinitely more <i>regal</i> and better managed than in +poor Louis Philippe's time, when all was in great noise and +confusion, and there was <i>no</i> Court. We parted with <i>mutual</i> +sorrow, and the Emperor expressed his hope that we shall +frequently meet and "pas avec de si grandes cérémonies"!</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.140" id="pageiii.140"></a>[page 140]</span> + +<p class="ind">What I write here is my feeling and conviction: wonderful it is +that this <i>man</i>—whom certainly we were <i>not</i> over well-disposed +to—should by <i>force</i> of <i>circumstances</i> be drawn into such close +connection with us, and become <i>personally</i> our friend, and <i>this</i> +entirely by his <i>own personal</i> qualities, in spite of so much that +<i>was and could</i> be said against him! To the children (who +behaved beautifully, and had the most extraordinary success) +his kindness, and judicious kindness, was <i>great</i>, and they are +<i>excessively</i> fond of him. In short, without <i>attempting</i> to do +anything particular to <i>make</i> one like him, or <span class="sc">ANY</span> personal +attraction in outward appearance, he <i>has</i> the power of <i>attaching</i> +those to him who come near him and know him, which is +<i>quite incredible</i>. He is excessively kind in private, and so very +quiet. I shall always look back on the time passed not only +in France, but with <i>him</i> personally, as <i>most</i> agreeable. The +Prince, though less enthusiastic than I am, I can see well, +shares this feeling, and I think it is very reciprocal on the +Emperor's part; he is very fond of the Prince and truly appreciates +him. With respect to the War, nothing can be more +frank and fair and honest than he is about it, but it makes him +unhappy and anxious.</p> + +<p class="ind">The dear Empress, who was all kindness and goodness, +whom we are all very fond of, we saw comparatively but +little of, as for <i>really</i> and <i>certainly very</i> good reasons she must +take great care of herself....</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MISGOVERNMENT AT NAPLES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>3rd September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read the enclosed papers, and must express +her strongest objection to a Naval Demonstration (which to +be effectual must be prepared to pass on to measures of +hostility), in order to obtain changes in the <i>internal system of +Government</i> of the Kingdom of Naples.<sup>75</sup> England would thereby +undertake a responsibility which she is in no way capable of +bearing, unless she took the Government permanently into +her own hands. The plea on which the interference is to be +based, viz. that the misgovernment at Naples brings Monarchical +institutions into disrepute, and might place weapons in +the hands of the democracy (as put forth by Sir W. Temple),<sup>76</sup> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.141" id="pageiii.141"></a>[page 141]</span> +would be wholly <i>insufficient</i> to justify the proceeding. Whether +such an armed interference in favour of the people of Naples +against their Government would lead to a Revolution or not, +as apprehended by the French Government and disbelieved by +Lord Palmerston, must be so entirely a matter of chance that +it would be idle to predict the exact consequences. If 99 out +of every 100 Neapolitans, however, are dissatisfied with their +Government (as Lord Palmerston states), it is not unreasonable +to expect that our demonstration may give them confidence +enough to rise, and if beat down by the King's troops +in presence of our ships, our position would become exceedingly +humiliating.</p> + +<p class="ind">Any insult offered to the British Government, on the other +hand, it has a perfect right to resent, and to ask reparation for. +The case, however, is a very unpleasant one. The Neapolitan +Government deny having intended any slight on the British +Legation by the order respecting the Box of the "Intendant +du Théâtre," which they state to have been general, and deny +any intention to interfere with the free intercourse of the +members of our Legation with Neapolitans, to which Sir W. +Temple merely replies that notwithstanding the denial such +an intention is believed by the public to exist.</p> + +<p class="ind">The case becomes therefore a very delicate one, requiring +the greatest care on our part not to put ourselves in the wrong.</p> +<span class="rightnote">CO-OPERATION OF THE POWERS</span> +<p class="ind">It will be of the greatest importance to come to a thorough +understanding with France, and if possible also with Austria, +on the subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 75: Lord Palmerston had suggested co-operation by England and France in obtaining +the dismissal of the Neapolitan Minister of Police as an <i>amende</i> for an affront offered to this +country, to be enforced by a naval demonstration, coupled with a demand for the liberation +of political prisoners.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 76: The Hon. Sir William Temple, K.C.B. [<i>d.</i> 1856], only brother of Lord Palmerston, +Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of Naples. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord Panmure to Earl Granville.</i><sup>77</sup></h5> + +<h5>[<i>Telegram.</i>]</h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>10th September 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Telegram from General Simpson, dated Crimea, nine September, +one eight five five, ten nine <span class="sc">a.m.</span> "Sebastopol is in +the possession of the Allies. The enemy during the night and +this morning have evacuated the south side after exploding +their Magazines and setting fire to the whole of the Town. +All the men-of-war were burnt during the night with the exception +of three Steamers, which are plying about the Harbour. +The Bridge communicating with the North side is broken."</p> + +<p class="ind">War Department, tenth September, one eight five five, four +forty-five <span class="sc">p.m.</span>...</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 77: Minister in attendance at Balmoral. The Queen and Prince occupied their new +home for the first time on the 7th of September; it was not yet completed, but, the Queen +wrote, "the house is charming, the rooms delightful, the furniture, papers, everything, +perfection." +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.142" id="pageiii.142"></a>[page 142]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FALL OF SEBASTOPOL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral Castle</span>, <i>11th September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—The great event has <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'as'">at</ins> length taken +place—<i>Sebastopol has fallen!</i> We received the news here last +night when we were sitting quietly round our table after +dinner. We did what we could to celebrate it; but that was +but little, for to my grief we have not <i>one</i> soldier, no band, +nothing here to make any sort of demonstration. What we did +do was in Highland fashion to light a <i>bonfire</i> on the top of a +hill opposite the house, which had been built last year when +the premature news of the fall of Sebastopol deceived every +one, and which we had to leave <i>unlit</i>, and found here on our +return!</p> + +<p class="ind">On Saturday evening we heard of one Russian vessel having +been destroyed, on Sunday morning of the destruction of +another, yesterday morning of the fall of the Malakhoff Tower +—and <i>then</i> of <i>Sebastopol!</i> We were not successful against the +Redan on the 8th, and I fear our loss was considerable. Still +the <i>daily</i> loss in the trenches was becoming so serious that no +loss in achieving such a result is to be compared to that. This +event will delight my brother and faithful ally—and <i>friend</i>, +Napoleon III.—I may add, for we really are <i>great friends</i>; +this attempt,<sup>78</sup> though that of a madman, is very distressing +and makes one <i>tremble</i>....</p> + +<p class="ind">We expect the young Prince Fritz Wilhelm<sup>79</sup> of Prussia on +a little visit here on Friday.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now conclude. With Albert's love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 78: As he was about to enter the Opera House on the evening of the 7th, the Emperor +was fired at without effect by one Bellegarde, who had been previously convicted of fraud, +on which occasion his punishment had been mitigated by the Emperor's clemency; +he was now sentenced to two years' imprisonment.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 79: Only son of the Prince of Prussia, and afterwards the Emperor Frederick. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord Panmure to General Simpson.</i></h5> + +<h5>[<i>Telegram.</i>]</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE MALAKHOFF</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>12th September 1855.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received, with deep emotion, the welcome +intelligence of the fall of Sebastopol.</p> + +<p class="ind">Penetrated with profound gratitude to the Almighty, who +has vouchsafed this triumph to the Allied Armies, Her Majesty +has commanded me to express to yourself, and through you to +the Army, the pride with which she regards this fresh instance +of its heroism.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen congratulates her Troops on the triumphant +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.143" id="pageiii.143"></a>[page 143]</span> +issue of this protracted siege, and thanks them for the cheerfulness +and fortitude with which they have encountered its +toils, and the valour which has led to its termination.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen deeply laments that this success in not without +its alloy in the heavy losses which have been sustained; and +while she rejoices in the victory, Her Majesty deeply sympathises +with the noble sufferers in their country's cause.</p> + +<p class="ind">You will be pleased to congratulate General Pélissier in +Her Majesty's name upon the brilliant result of the assault on +the Malakhoff, which proves the irresistible force as well as +indomitable courage of her brave Allies.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to General Simpson.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>14th September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With a heart full of gratitude and pride, as well as of sorrow +for the many valuable lives that have been lost, the Queen +writes to General Simpson to congratulate him, as well on her +own part as on that of the Prince, on the glorious news of the +<i>Fall of Sebastopol!</i> General Simpson must indeed <i>feel proud</i> +to have commanded the Queen's noble Army on <i>such</i> an +occasion.</p> + +<p class="ind">She wishes him to express to that gallant Army her high +sense of their gallantry, and her joy and satisfaction at their +labours, anxieties, and cruel sufferings, for nearly a year, +having <i>at length</i> been crowned with such success.</p> + +<p class="ind">To General Pélissier<sup>80</sup> also, and his gallant Army, whom the +Queen ever unites in her thoughts and wishes with her own +beloved troops, she would wish General Simpson to convey the +expression of her personal warm congratulations, as well as of +her sympathy for their losses.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen intends to mark her sense of General Simpson's +services by conferring upon him the Grand Cross of the +Bath.</p> + +<p class="ind">We are <i>now</i> most anxious that not a moment should be lost +in following up this great victory, and in driving the Russians, +while still under the depressing effect of their failure, from the +Crimea!</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 80: He now became Duke of Malakhoff, and a Marshal of the French Army. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ATTITUDE OF AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>14th September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Clarendon</span>,—I was sent for after breakfast. The +Queen and the Prince are much pleased with the draft of your +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.144" id="pageiii.144"></a>[page 144]</span> +Despatch to Naples; they think it good and dignified. With +respect to the draft to Lord Stratford, instructing him to recommend +to the Porte an application to the Austrian Government +for the withdrawal or diminution of the Austrian troops +in the Principalities, I have been commanded to write what +the Queen has not time this morning to put on paper. Her +Majesty does not feel that the objects of this proposed Despatch +have been sufficiently explained. It does not appear +to Her Majesty that, in a military point of view, the plans of +the Allies are sufficiently matured to make it clear whether +the withdrawal of the Austrian Army would be an advantage +or a disadvantage. If the Allies intend to march through +the Principalities, and attack Russia on that side, the presence +of the Austrians might be an inconvenience. If, on the other +hand, they advance from the East, it is a positive advantage +to have the Russians contained on the other flank, by the +Austrians in their present position. Looking at the political +bearing of this move, Her Majesty thinks that it will not fail +to have an unfavourable effect on Austria, who will be hurt at +the Allies urging the Porte to endeavour to put an end to an +arrangement entered into at the suggestion, or at all events +with the approval, of the Allies. It cannot be an object at this +moment, when extraneous circumstances have probably acted +favourably for us on the minds of the Emperor of Austria and +his Government, to check that disposition, make them distrust +us, and incline them to throw themselves towards Russia, who +now will spare no efforts to gain them. Her Majesty sees by +your proposed Despatch you do not expect the Austrians +to comply with this demand. Even if they consented to +diminish the numbers of their Troops, they would do so only +to suit their own convenience, and such diminution would in +no ways decrease the evils of the occupation. Lastly, the +Queen is of opinion that if such a proposal is to be made, +it ought not to be done through Lord Stratford and the +Porte, but that the subject should be broached at Vienna +and the Austrian Government asked what their intentions +are; that this would be the more friendly, more open, and +more dignified course, and more likely than the other plan +of being successful. Her Majesty, however, doubts that any +such demand will be acceded to by the Austrians, and +believes that their refusal will put the Allies in an awkward +position.</p> + +<p class="ind">This is, I believe, the pith of Her Majesty's opinions—there +appears to me to be much sense in them—and they are well +deserving of your and Palmerston's consideration. Yours +sincerely,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Granville</span>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.145" id="pageiii.145"></a>[page 145]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LIFE PEERAGES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>19th September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to thank Lord Palmerston for his letter of +the 16th. The want of Law Lords in the Upper House has +often been complained of, and the Queen has long been of +opinion that in order to remedy the same without adding +permanently to the Peerage, the Crown ought to use its +prerogative in creating Peers for life only. Lord Lansdowne +coincided with this view, and Lord John Russell actually proposed +a "Life Peerage" to Dr. Lushington, who declined it, +however, from a dislike to become the first of the kind. Mr +Pemberton Leigh has <i>twice</i> declined a Peerage, but the Queen +can have no objection to its being offered to him again.<sup>81</sup>...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 81: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.284" style="font-weight: normal;">vol. ii. p. 284</a>. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>20th September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">A Blue Ribbon has become vacant by the death of the late +Duke of Somerset, and Viscount Palmerston having communicated +with Lord Lansdowne and Lord Clarendon on the +subject, would beg to submit for your Majesty's gracious +consideration that this honour might be well conferred upon +the Duke of Newcastle, who has been the object of much +undeserved attack, though certainly from inexperience not +altogether exempt from criticism, and who since his retirement +from office has shaped his public course in a manner honourable +to himself, and advantageously contrasting with the aberrations +of some of his former colleagues.<sup>82</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty must no doubt have been struck with the vast +accumulation of warlike stores found at Sebastopol. That +there should have remained there four thousand cannon, after +the wear and tear of the Siege, proves the great importance +attached by the Russian Government to that Arsenal over +which your Majesty's Flag is now triumphantly flying.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 82: He had gone out to the Crimea, and entered Sebastopol with General Simpson. The +Duke did not at this time accept the Garter, which was bestowed on Earl Fortescue. +See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.155" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 157</a>, note 98. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DISTRIBUTION OF HONOURS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>21st September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is anxious to mark her sense of the services of +the Army and Military Departments at home by conferring +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.146" id="pageiii.146"></a>[page 146]</span> +the rank of Field-Marshal on Lord Hardinge, who, from his +position as Commander-in-Chief, and his long, distinguished +services, has a strong claim to such an honour. Moreover, +Marshal Vaillant receiving the G.C.B., whilst it has been thought +more prudent not to accept the <i>Légion d'Honneur</i> for Lord +Hardinge, makes it the more desirable. The Prince is now +again the only Field-Marshal in the Army, which has always +had several. The Queen thinks that Lord Combermere, being +the second senior officer of the whole Army, a full General of +1825, might expect not to be passed over when Lord Hardinge +is made. The only other General of distinction and seniority +might be Lord Strafford, but he is only a full General of 1841. +On this point Lord Palmerston might consult Lord Hardinge +himself. If he and Lord Combermere alone are made, the +honour is the greater for him.<sup>83</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks likewise that Lord Panmure ought to +receive a mark of favour and approval of his conduct on the +occasion of the Fall of Sebastopol; either the Civil G.C.B. +or a step in the Peerage—that of Viscount.<sup>84</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston would perhaps, without delay, give his +opinion on these subjects to the Queen; the honours she would +wish then <i>personally</i> to bestow upon the recipients, and she +thinks the arrival of the official Despatches the right moment +for doing so.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 83: Lord Hardinge, Lord Strafford, and Lord Combermere were all made Field-Marshals.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 84: He received the G.C.B. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>21st September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Clarendon</span>,—The Queen wishes me to send +you the enclosed letters, with the request that they may be +sent by messengers to Coblentz.<sup>85</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">I may tell you in the strictest confidence that Prince Frederic +William has yesterday laid before us his wish for an alliance +with the Princess Royal with the full concurrence of his +parents, as well as of the King of Prussia. We have accepted +his proposal as far as we are personally concerned, but have +asked that the child should not be made acquainted with it +until after her confirmation, which is to take place next Spring, +when he might make it to her himself, and receive from her +own lips the answer which is only valuable when flowing from +those of the person chiefly concerned. A marriage would +not be possible before the completion of the Princess's seventeenth +year, which is in two years from this time. The Queen +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.147" id="pageiii.147"></a>[page 147]</span> +empowers me to say that you may communicate this event to +Lord Palmerston, but we beg that under present circumstances +it may be kept a strict secret. What the world may say we +cannot help. Ever yours, etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 85: The Prince and Princess of Prussia were then at Coblentz. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PRINCE FREDERICH WILLIAM</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>22nd September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I profit by your own messenger to +confide to <i>you</i>, and to <i>you alone</i>, begging you not to mention +it to your children, that <i>our</i> wishes on the subject of a future +marriage for Vicky <i>have</i> been realised in the <i>most gratifying</i> and +<i>satisfactory</i> manner.</p> + +<p class="ind">On Thursday (20th) after breakfast, Fritz Wilhelm said he +was anxious to speak of a subject which <i>he</i> knew his parents +had never broached to us—which <i>was to belong to our</i> Family; +that this had long been his wish, that he had the entire concurrence +and <i>approval</i> not only of his parents but of the King +—and that finding Vicky <i>so allerliebst</i>, he could delay <i>no</i> longer +in making this proposal. I need <i>not</i> tell you with <i>what</i> joy +<i>we</i> +accepted him <i>for</i> our part; but the child herself is to know +nothing till <i>after</i> her confirmation, which is to take place next +Easter, when he probably will come over, and, as he wishes +himself, make her the proposal, which, however, I have little—indeed +no—doubt she will gladly <i>accept</i>. He is a dear, excellent, +charming young man, whom we shall give our dear +child to with perfect confidence. What pleases us greatly is +to see that he is really delighted with Vicky.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now, with Albert's affectionate love, and with the prayer +that <i>you</i> will give <i>your</i> blessing to this alliance, as you have +done to ours, ever your devoted Niece and Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>22nd September 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs, in the first place, to be allowed to offer +to your Majesty his most sincere congratulations upon the +prospective arrangement which His Royal Highness the Prince +Albert announced in his letter to Lord Clarendon, but which, +for obvious reasons, should be left to public conjecture for the +present. Viscount Palmerston trusts that the event, when, +it takes place, will contribute as much to the happiness of +those more immediately concerned, and to the comfort of your +Majesty and of the Royal Family, as it undoubtedly will +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.148" id="pageiii.148"></a>[page 148]</span> +to the interests of the two countries, and of Europe in +general....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston begs to state that the Professorship of +Greek at the University of Oxford, which was held by the late +Dean of Christchurch,<sup>86</sup> is still vacant, Viscount Palmerston +having doubts as to the best person to be appointed. The +present Dean of Christchurch admitted that the Professorship +ought to be separated from the Deanery; he has now recommended +for the Professorship the Rev. B. Jowett, Fellow and +Tutor of Balliol College, who is an eminent Greek scholar and +won the Hertford Scholarship; and Viscount Palmerston +submits, for your Majesty's gracious approval, that Mr Jowett +may be appointed.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 86: The Very Rev. Thomas Gaisford, D.D., who was appointed Regius Professor of +Greek in 1811, and Dean of Christchurch in 1831.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE COLONIAL OFFICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>31st October 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that he has this morning seen Lord +Stanley, and offered to him the post of Secretary of State +for the Colonies.<sup>87</sup> Lord Stanley expressed himself as highly +gratified personally by an offer which he said he was wholly +unprepared to receive, and which was above his expectations +and pretensions; but he said that as he owed to his father +Lord Derby whatever position he may have gained in public +life, he could not give an answer without first consulting Lord +Derby. Viscount Palmerston said that of course in making +the proposal, he had taken for granted that Lord Stanley would +consult Lord Derby first, because a son would not take a +decision on such a subject without consulting his father, even +if that father were merely in private life; and next because +such a course would be still more natural in this case, considering +Lord Derby's political position with reference to those with +whom Lord Stanley has more or less been generally acting. +Lord Stanley said that he should go down to Knowsley by the +five o'clock train this afternoon, and that he would at an early +moment communicate his answer to Viscount Palmerston; +but he said that if he was to state now his anticipation of what +Lord Derby would recommend and wish him to do, it would +rather be to decline the offer.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 87: Sir William Molesworth, who had represented Radicalism in the Cabinets of Lord +Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston, died on the 22nd, at the age of forty-five. The Premier +thereupon offered the vacant place to Lord Stanley, one of his political opponents, then +only twenty-eight, who was the son of the leader of the Conservative Opposition, and had +already held office under his father. Lord Stanley's temperament was, in fact, more +inclined to Liberalism than that of Lord Palmerston himself, and, twenty-seven years +later, he took the office in a Liberal Government which he now declined. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.149" id="pageiii.149"></a>[page 149]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR SIDNEY HERBERT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>10th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that in consequence of some things +that passed in conversation at Sir Charles Wood's two days +ago, when Mr and Mrs Sidney Herbert dined there, Sir Charles +Wood is under a strong impression that Mr Herbert would +be willing to separate himself from Mr Gladstone and Sir +James Graham, and the Peace Party, and to join the present +Government. Viscount Palmerston having well considered +the matter in concert with Sir Charles Wood and Sir George +Grey, is of opinion that it would be advantageous not only for +the present, but also with a view to the future, to detach Mr +Herbert from the clique with which accidental circumstances +have for the moment apparently associated him, and to fix him +to better principles of action than those by which Mr Gladstone +and Sir James Graham appear to be guided. For this +purpose Viscount Palmerston proposes with your Majesty's +sanction to offer to Mr Herbert to return to the Colonial Office, +which he held on the formation of the present Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Herbert is the most promising man of his standing in the +House of Commons, and is personally very popular in that +House; he is a good and an improving speaker, and his +accession to the Government would add a good speaker to the +Treasury Bench, and take away a good speaker from ranks +that may become hostile.</p> + +<p class="ind">He would also supply the place of Lord Canning as a kind +of link between the Government and some well-disposed +members of both Houses who belonged more or less to what +is called the Peel Party. It would be necessary, of course, to +ascertain clearly that Mr Herbert's views about the war and +about conditions of peace are the same as they were when he +was a Member of the Government, and not such as those which +Mr Gladstone and Sir James Graham have of late adopted.</p> + +<p class="ind">If Mr Herbert were to accept, Sir George Grey, who has a +strong disinclination for the Colonies, would remain at the +Home Office; and if Lord Harrowby would take the Post +Office, which must be held by a Peer, the Duchy of Lancaster, +which may be held by a Commoner, might be offered to Mr +Baines<sup>88</sup> with a seat in the Cabinet, and Mr Baines might perhaps, +with reference to his health, prefer an office not attended with +much departmental business of detail, while he would be thus +more free to make himself master of general questions. Such +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.150" id="pageiii.150"></a>[page 150]</span> +an arrangement would leave the Cabinet, as stated in the +accompanying paper, seven and seven; and if afterwards +Lord Stanley of Alderley were added in the Lords, and Sir +Benjamin Hall in the Commons, which, however, would be +a matter entirely for future consideration, the equality of +division would still be preserved.<sup>89</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston finds that Mr Herbert is gone down +to Wilton, and as Viscount Palmerston is going this afternoon +to Broadlands to remain there till Tuesday morning, he proposes +during the interval to communicate with Mr Herbert, +Wilton being not much more than an hour's distance from +Broadlands by the Salisbury railway.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 88: Mr. Matthew Talbot Baines died prematurely in 1860. His abilities were of a solid +rather than a brilliant kind. +</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 89: Mr. Labouchere became Colonial Secretary. See List of Cabinet as it stood in 1858, +<i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.272" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 272</a>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR HERBERT DECLINES OFFICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>11th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that he has seen Mr Sidney Herbert, +who declines joining the Government, because he thinks that +his doing so would expose both him and the Government to +the suspicion of having altered their opinions. The difference +between him and the Government is not as to the necessity of +prosecuting the war with vigour, but as to the conditions of +peace with which he would be satisfied. He would consent to +accept conditions which he is aware that the country would +not approve, and to which he does not expect that the Government +would agree. Viscount Palmerston will have to consider +with his Colleagues on Tuesday what arrangement it +will be best for him to submit for the sanction of your Majesty.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PEACE NEGOTIATIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>13th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed most important letters. +She has read them with much interest, but not without a very +anxious feeling that great changes are taking place in the whole +position of the Eastern Question and the War, without our +having the power to direct them or even a complete knowledge +of them.<sup>90</sup> Should Austria really be sincere,—if the Emperor +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.151" id="pageiii.151"></a>[page 151]</span> +Napoleon is really determined not to carry on the war on a large +scale without her joining, we shall be obliged by common +prudence to follow him in his negotiations. He may mistrust +our secrecy and diplomacy, and wish to obtain by his personal +exertions a continental league against Russia. The missions +to Stockholm and Copenhagen, the language to Baron Beust +and M. von der Pfordten and M. de Bourqueney's single-handed +negotiation, seem to point to this. Can Russia have +secretly declared her readiness to accept the "Neutralisation"? +It is hardly possible, and if so it would be a concession we cannot +refuse to close upon. Whatever may be the case, the Queen +thinks it the wisest course not to disturb the Emperor's +plans, or to show suspicion of them, but merely to insist +upon the importance of the Army in the Crimea being kept +so imposing that Russia cannot safely arrange her plans +on the supposition of a change of policy on the part of +the Western Powers.</p> + +<p class="ind">Had the Queen known of Lord Cowley's letter a few hours +earlier, she could have spoken to the Duke of Cambridge, who +was here; as it was, both she and the Prince were very cautious +and reserved in what they told him.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thought it right to let Sir Hamilton Seymour, +who is staying here, see the letters, as his thorough acquaintance +with the present position of affairs is most important.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 90: The Emperor was now bent on the termination of hostilities, and the French and +Austrian Governments had concerted proposals for peace to be submitted to Russia, +with which they somewhat peremptorily demanded that England should concur. Lord +Palmerston announced that, rather than make an unsatisfactory peace, he would continue +the war without the aid of France. States such as Saxony and Bavaria favoured Russia, +and Baron Beust and M. von der Pfordten, their respective Prime Ministers, had interviews +with the Emperor, who was anxious for peace on the basis of the Third Point, on which, +since the fall of Sebastopol, the Allies were in a better position to insist. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>16th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes to draw Sir Charles Wood's attention to a +subject which may become of much importance for the future. +It is the absence of any Dockyard for building and repairing +out of the Channel, with the exception of Pembroke. Should +we ever be threatened by a combination of Russia and France, +the absence of a Government establishment in the north would +be very serious. It strikes the Queen that the present moment, +when our yards hardly supply the demands made upon them, +and when attention is directed to the Baltic, is a particularly +favourable one to add an establishment in the Firth of Forth, +for which the Queen believes the Government possess the ground +at Leith. Such a measure would at the same time be very +popular in Scotland, and by making the Queen's Navy known +there, which it hardly is at present, would open a new field for +recruiting our Marine.</p> + +<p class="ind">Whether Cork in Ireland should not also be made more +available is very well worth consideration.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.152" id="pageiii.152"></a>[page 152]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would ask Sir Charles to communicate this letter +to Lord Palmerston, who has always had the state of our +powers of defence so much at heart.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE AUSTRIAN ULTIMATUM</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>19th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has attentively perused the voluminous papers, +which she now returns according to Lord Clarendon's wish.</p> + +<p class="ind">An anxious consideration of their contents has convinced +her that it would be the height of impolicy if we were not to +enter fairly and unreservedly into the French proposal, and she +wishes Lord Clarendon to express this her opinion to the +Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">The terms of the Austrian Ultimatum are clear and complete +and very favourable to us, if accepted by Russia.<sup>91</sup> If refused, +which they almost must be, rupture of diplomatic relations +between Austria and Russia is a decided step gained by us, +and will produce a state of things which can scarcely fail to +lead them to war.</p> + +<p class="ind">A refusal to entertain the proposal may induce and perhaps +justify the Emperor of the French in backing out of the War, +which would leave us in a miserable position.</p> + +<p class="ind">If we are to agree to the Emperor's wishes, it must be politic +not to risk the advantage of the whole measure by a discussion +with Austria upon minor points of detail, which will cost time, +and may lead to differences.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 91: The Queen and her Ministers, however, insisted that the neutralisation clause (the +Third Point) should be made effective, not left illusory, and incorporated in the principal +and not in a supplementary treaty. Modified in this and other particulars, an ultimatum +embodying the Austrian proposals, which stipulated, <i>inter alia</i>, for the cession of a portion +of Bessarabia, was despatched to St Petersburg on the 15th of December, and the 18th +of January was fixed as the last day on which a reply would be accepted. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>22nd November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen informs Lord Hardinge that on speaking to Sir +Colin Campbell yesterday, and informing him how much she +wished that his valuable services should not be lost to her +Army in the Crimea, he replied in the handsomest manner, that +he would return immediately—"for that, if the Queen wished +it, he was ready to serve under a Corporal"! Conduct like +this is very gratifying, and will only add to Sir Colin Campbell's +high name; but, as by Lord Hardinge's and Lord Panmure's +advice, the Queen has obtained from him this <i>sacrifice</i> of <i>his own</i> +feelings to <i>her</i> wishes, <i>she</i> feels personally bound <i>not</i> to +<i>permit</i> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.153" id="pageiii.153"></a>[page 153]</span> +him to be passed over a <i>second</i> time should the Command again +become vacant.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has had a good deal of conversation with him, +and from what he told her, as well as from what she has heard +from others, there seems to be a good deal of laxity of discipline—particularly +as regards the officers—in the Army in the Crimea; +and she thinks Lord Hardinge should give an order to prevent +so many officers coming home on leave except when <i>really ill</i>. +The effect of this on the French is very bad, and the Prince had +a letter only two days ago from the Prince of Prussia, saying +that every one was shocked at the manner in which our officers +came home, and that it lowered our Army very much in the +eyes of foreign Armies, and generally decreased the sympathy +for our troops. We deeply regret the death of poor General +Markham.<sup>92</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 92: He commanded the 2nd Division of the Army at the attack on the Redan, and after +the fall of Sebastopol, his health, already shattered, broke down completely; he returned +home, and died on the 21st of November. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>23rd November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Clarendon's letter, and returns +the very satisfactory enclosures from Lord Cowley. Count +Walewski remains true to himself; yet the admission that the +Neutralisation Clause ought to be part of the European treaty, +and not an annex, which <i>he makes</i>, is the most important concession +which we could desire. That the Sea of Azov is to be +dropped the Queen is glad of, as it would appear so humiliating +to Russia that Austria would probably decline proposing it. +What the Queen is most afraid of, and what she believes +actuates the Emperor also, is the consideration that Austria, +made aware of the intense feeling for Peace <i>à tout prix</i> in France, +might get frightened at the good terms for us she meant to +propose to Russia, and might long for an opportunity given by +us, in any unreasonable demand for modification, to back out +of her proposal altogether. Lord A. Loftus in his last letter +states that Baron Manteuffel<sup>93</sup> even was afraid of having +admitted as proper, terms too hard upon Russia, since peace +is wanted at Paris.</p> + +<p class="ind">The course intended to be pursued by Lord Clarendon in +summing up the whole question in a public Despatch seems +quite the right one, as it would never do, on the other hand, +to let England be considered as merely <i>à la remorque</i> of France, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.154" id="pageiii.154"></a>[page 154]</span> +an impression unfortunately very prevalent on the Continent +at this moment.<sup>94</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">As to Marshal Pélissier, the best thing the Emperor could do +would be to recall him, and to put a younger and more enterprising +man in his place. As we have got our hero coming +home, his French colleague might be recalled also.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Newcastle's letter is very interesting; the Queen +will return it this evening. It confirms the truth of the axiom +that a <i>settled policy</i> ought to precede a military plan of campaign, +for which the Prince is always contending.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have been much pleased with old Sir Colin Campbell, +who is a thorough soldier, and appears not at all wanting in +good sense. On asking him about our rising men, and the officer +whom <i>he</i> would point out as the one of most promise, he said +that Colonel Mansfield<sup>95</sup> was without comparison the man +from whom great services could be expected both in the Field +and as an Administrator. Lord Clarendon will be pleased to +hear this, but will also not be surprised if the Queen should +look out for an opportunity to reclaim him for the Army +from the Foreign Office.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 93: President of the Prussian Ministry.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 94: Lord Clarendon, in the letter to which this was a reply, observed that he had asked +Lord Cowley to inform Count Walewski that he would have to learn that England was a +principal in the matter, and "not a political and diplomatic Contingent."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 95: He had distinguished himself in the first Sikh War, and was in 1855 Military Adviser +to the British Ambassador at Constantinople. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NEUTRALISATION CLAUSE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>24th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns Lord Cowley's letter and General Pélissier's +telegram. Lord Cowley is quite right in insisting upon +a clear understanding between England and France before +negotiations are entered into with Austria. To come to a +speedy agreement, it will be wise to drop the minor points and +<i>insist</i> upon the most important. These the Queen takes to be +the incorporation of the <i>Neutralisation</i> Clause in the general +Treaty, and the promise on the part of Austria not to accept and +communicate to us counter-proposals from Russia. If France +agreed to this, we might agree to the rest of the arrangement. +General Pélissier's plan has the advantage of setting us free, but +deprives us of the Sardinians in the field, an object the French +have kept steadily in view. The Duke of Cambridge will +come down here to-night, and we may then hear more on +the subject.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen of the French has been taken dangerously ill at +Genoa; the Duc d'Aumale and Prince de Joinville have been +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.155" id="pageiii.155"></a>[page 155]</span> +summoned by telegraph. The Queen has asked the Foreign +Office to telegraph to enquire after the Queen's state.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir William Codrington.</i><sup>96</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SIR WILLIAM CODRINGTON</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th November 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The first Despatches of Sir William Codrington, acknowledging +his appointment to the Command of the Queen's gallant +Army in the East, having arrived, she will no longer delay +writing herself to Sir William, to assure him of her support and +confidence in his new, proud, and important, though at the +same time difficult position. She wishes to assure him of her +confidence and support. It is with pleasure that she sees the +son of her old friend and devoted servant, himself so distinguished +in the sister Service, raised by his own merits to so +exalted a position. Sir William knows the Queen's pride in +her beloved Troops, as well as her unceasing solicitude for their +welfare and glory, and she trusts he will on all occasions express +these feelings from herself personally.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen feels certain that Sir William Codrington will +learn, with great satisfaction, that that distinguished and gallant +officer, Sir Colin Campbell, has most readily and handsomely +complied with the Queen's wishes that he should return to the +Crimea and take command of the First Corps d'Armée. His +presence and his assistance will be of essential service to Sir +William Codrington, who, the Queen knows, entertains so high +an opinion of him.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Prince wishes his sincere congratulations and kind +remembrance to be conveyed to Sir William Codrington.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would be glad if Sir William could—when he has +leisure to do so—from time to time write to her himself, informing +her of the state of her Army, and of affairs in the +Crimea.</p> + +<p class="ind">She concludes with every wish for his welfare and success.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 96: Considerable difficulty had been found in appointing a successor to General Simpson, +who had resigned a task which he found overtaxed his powers. Sir William Codrington +was junior to three other Generals, who might have felt aggrieved by being passed over. +The sagacity of the Prince found a way out of the difficulty by appointing two of the three +to the commands of the two <i>corps d'armée</i> into which the Army had, at his instance, been +subdivided. See <i>ante.</i> <a href="#pageiii.153" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 153</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT OF KING OF SARDINIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>5th December 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I must make many excuses for not +writing to you yesterday, to thank you for your kind letter of +the 30th, as on Friday and Saturday my time was entirely taken +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.156" id="pageiii.156"></a>[page 156]</span> +up with my <i>Royal</i> brother, the King of Sardinia,<a id="footnotetagXXIV97" name="footnotetagXXIV97"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIV97"><sup>97</sup></a> and I had to +make up for loss of time these last days. He leaves us to-morrow +at an extraordinary hour—four o'clock in the morning +(which you did once or twice)—wishing to be at Compiègne +to-morrow night, and at Turin on Tuesday. He is <i>eine ganz +besondere, abenteuerliche Erscheinung</i>, startling in the extreme +in appearance and manner when you <i>first</i> see him, but, just as +Aumale says, <i>il faut l'aimer quand on le connaît bien</i>. He is so +frank, open, just, straightforward, liberal and tolerant, with +much sound good sense. He never breaks his word, and you +may rely on him, but wild and extravagant, courting adventures +and dangers, and with a very strange, short, rough manner, +an exaggeration of that short manner of speaking which his +poor brother had. He is shy in society, which makes him still +more brusque, and he does not know (never having been out of +his own country or even out in Society) what to say to the +number of people who are presented to him here, and which is, +I know from experience, a most odious thing. He is truly +attached to the Orleans family, particularly to Aumale, and +will be a friend and adviser to them. To-day he will be invested +with the Order of the Garter. He is more like a Knight +or King of the Middle Ages than anything one knows nowadays.</p> + +<p class="ind">On Monday we go to Osborne till the 21st.</p> + +<p class="ind">One word about Vicky. I must say that she has a quick +discernment of character, and I have never seen her take <i>any</i> +predilection for a person which was <i>not motivé</i> by personal +amiability, goodness, or distinction of some kind or other. +You need be under no apprehension whatever on this subject; +and she has, moreover, great tact and <i>esprit de conduite</i>. It is +quite extraordinary how popular she is in Society—and again +now, all these Foreigners are so struck with her sense and +<i>conversation</i> for her age.</p> + +<p class="ind">Hoping soon to hear from you again, and wishing that +naughty Stockmar may yet be brought to come, believe me +ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIV97" name="footnoteXXIV97"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIV97">Footnote 97:</a> King Victor Emmanuel was received with great cordiality by the English people, +grateful for his co-operation and for the gallantry of his soldiers at the Tchernaya. Count +Cavour accompanied him, and drafted the reply read by the King at Guildhall to the +address of the Corporation. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GARTER FEES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>11th December 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty and submits a letter which he received a few days +ago from the Duke of Newcastle declining the Garter. Viscount +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.157" id="pageiii.157"></a>[page 157]</span> +Palmerston on his return from Woburn, where he was for two +days, saw the Duke of Newcastle, but found that the enclosed +letter expressed the intention which he had formed. Viscount +Palmerston would propose to your Majesty the Earl of Fortescue +as a deserving object of your Majesty's gracious favour; +Lord Fortescue held the high office of Lord-Lieutenant of +Ireland, and is a person highly and universally respected.<sup>98</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston cannot refrain from saying on this +occasion that he is not without a misgiving that the high +amount of fees which he understands is paid by persons who +are made Knights of the Garter may have some effect in rendering +those whose incomes are not very large less anxious than +they would otherwise be to receive this distinction; and he +cannot but think that it is unseemly in general that persons +upon whom your Majesty may be disposed to confer dignities +and honours, either as a mark of your Majesty's favour or as a +reward for their public services, should on that account be +subject to a heavy pecuniary fine; and he intends to collect +information with a view to consider whether all such fees might +not be abolished, the officers to whom they are now paid receiving +compensation in the shape of adequate fixed salary.<sup>99</sup> ...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 98: Earl Fortescue received the Garter; he died in 1861.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 99: This reform was effected in 1905. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>22nd December 1855</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Panmure's answer to her letter +from Osborne, and is glad to see from it that he is quite agreed +with the Queen on the subject of the Land Transport Corps. +She would <i>most strongly</i> urge Lord Panmure to give at once +<i>carte blanche</i> to Sir W. Codrington to organise it as he thinks +best, and to make him personally responsible for it. We have +only eight weeks left to the beginning of spring; a few references +home and their answers would consume the whole of that +time! The Army has now to carry their huts on their backs +up to the Camp; if it had been fighting, it would have perished +for want of them, like the last winter. If each Division, Brigade, +and Battalion has not got within itself what it requires +for its daily existence in the field, a movement will be quite +impossible.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves the intended increase of Artillery and +Sappers and Miners; but hopes that these will be taken from +the <i>nominal</i> and <i>not</i> the existing strength of the Army.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.158" id="pageiii.158"></a>[page 158]</span> + + + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXV</h3> + +<p>After two years' duration, the Crimean War was terminated in +March 1856, at a Conference of the Powers assembled at Paris, by +a treaty the principal terms of which provided for the integrity of +Turkey, and her due participation in the public law and system of +Europe, the neutralisation of the Black Sea, and the opening of its +waters to commerce (with the interdiction, except in a limited degree, +of the flag of war of any nation, and of the erection by either Russia +or Turkey of arsenals), free navigation of the Danube, cession of a +portion of Bessarabia by Russia, and the reciprocal evacuation of +invaded territories; the Principalities to be continued in their existing +privileges under the suzerainty of the Porte and a guarantee of +the Contracting Powers. No European protectorate was to be established +over the Sultan's Christian subjects. Certain general principles +of International Law were also agreed upon. In the course of +the summer, the Guards made a public re-entry into London; and +the Crimea was finally evacuated; great reviews of the returned +troops taking place at Aldershot. The thanks of Parliament were +accorded to the soldiers and sailors engaged, and peace-rejoicings +celebrated on a great scale.</p> + +<p>The Commissioners who had been sent out, nearly a year before, +to the Crimea, to investigate the causes of the breakdown in various +military departments, presented a Report, censuring several high +officials; a Military Commission was accordingly appointed to investigate +the Report, and after sitting for some months at Chelsea, +completely exonerated the officials in question.</p> + +<p>The Government having resolved to strengthen the administration +of the appellate jurisdiction of the House of Lords, Letters Patent +were made out purporting to create Sir James Parke, an ex-Judge, +a Baron for his life, under the title of Lord Wensleydale. After +frequent and protracted debates on this question, the Peers decided +that such a patent conferred no right to sit and vote in Parliament. +The Government gave up the contest by creating Sir James (who had +no son) a hereditary peer.</p> + +<p>The Czar Alexander was crowned at Moscow in September with +great ceremonial, the Sultan being duly represented, while Lord +Granville was present as special Ambassador for the Queen. The +discovery of the cruelty with which political offenders were being +treated in Neapolitan prisons led to the rupture of diplomatic relations +between England in union with France on the one hand, and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.159" id="pageiii.159"></a>[page 159]</span> +King Ferdinand on the other; while a dispute as to the enlistment +of recruits for the English Army in the United States led to the +dismissal of the British Minister at Washington, and to temporary +friction between the two countries.</p> + +<p>The provisions of the Treaty of Paris were not carried out without +considerable procrastination on the part of Russia, which, by its +method of evacuating Kars and surrendering Ismail and Reni, and +by laying claim to Serpent's Island at the mouth of the Danube, +compelled England to send a fleet to the Black Sea, to enforce strict +observance of the Treaty. By the end of the year the matter was +arranged, though in the meantime the possibility of Great Britain +being represented at the Czar's coronation had been imperilled.</p> + +<p>The abuses which had long existed in the Government of Oudh +induced the Governor-General of India, early in the year, to issue +a proclamation placing that kingdom permanently under the authority +of the British Crown. Lord Dalhousie at this time retired +from the office (which he had held for eight years) of Governor-General, +and was succeeded by Lord Canning. It fell to the lot of +the latter to announce the commencement of hostilities between +this country and Persia, on the ground that the latter was endeavouring, +in defiance of Treaties, to subvert the independence of Herat. +The Shah had laid siege to the town, when, in December, the English +fleet, under Admiral Sir Henry Leeke, attacked and captured Bushire +on the Persian Gulf. Soon afterwards, Sir James Outram arrived +on the scene from Bombay, and assumed the command.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.160" id="pageiii.160"></a>[page 160]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXV</h2> + +<h5>1856</h5> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>5th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the drawings for the "Victoria Cross." +She has marked the one she approves with an X; she thinks, +however, that it might be a trifle smaller. The motto would +be better "For Valour" than "For the Brave," as this would +lead to the inference that only those are deemed brave who +have got the Victoria Cross.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Clarendon's letter, and in +answer to his question expresses her opinion that Lord Cowley's +presence at the Council of War will be absolutely necessary.<sup>1</sup> +She believes Lord Clarendon to be agreed with her, that the +value of a plan of military campaign is entirely dependent +upon the <i>general policy</i> which the Government intends to +pursue. As none of our Commissioners at the Council of +War are in the least acquainted with the latter, they might be +drawn into plans which would not at all agree with it. Lord +Cowley would take that part of the question into his own +hands, in which it will be quite safe. The Queen thinks that +it is of secondary importance whether Count Walewski attends +or not, but that the Emperor cannot have the same need of +his presence which we have of that of our Ambassador.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: A satisfactory and speedy conclusion of hostilities appearing at this time far from probable, +a Council of War to settle the course of operations was, at the Emperor's suggestion, +summoned to meet at Paris. Lord Cowley, Count Walewski, Prince Jérôme Bonaparte, +and others, were present, besides Naval and Military representatives of the Allies, among +whom was the Duke of Cambridge. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.161" id="pageiii.161"></a>[page 161]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">POLICY OF CAVOUR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read Sir J. Hudson's<sup>2</sup> letter with much +interest. There is much truth in what Count Cavour says, and +it must ever be our object and our interest to see Sardinia +independent and strong; as a Liberal constitutional country, +opposing a barrier alike to unenlightened and absolute as well +as revolutionary principles—and this she has a right to expect +us to support her in.</p> + +<p class="ind">But <i>what</i> she wants to obtain from Austria is not clear. She +has no right, however, to expect further assurances from us on +wishes which she seems even to be afraid to state distinctly.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is clearly impossible to ask Austria to give up a portion +of Italy to her, if nothing has occurred to make this necessary +to Austria. At any rate Sardinia can have lost nothing, but +on the contrary must have gained by the position which she is +placed in as an ally of the Western Powers.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 2: British Minister at Turin, and an enthusiastic sympathiser with Cavour. The latter +had complained to him that if the Austrian proposals were accepted, and peace were +made, Sardinia could expect no realisation of her cherished hopes, viz. Anglo-French +support against Austria and against Papal aggression, increased political consideration in +Europe, and the development of Constitutional Government. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen now returns the draft<sup>3</sup> to Lord Bloomfield, which +she could only write about in haste yesterday, as being of a +nature not to be sanctioned by her. It is quite natural and +excusable that our patience should at last be worn out by the +miserable policy which Prussia is pursuing, but it can never +be our interest openly to quarrel with her. This would be +simply playing the game of Russia, who would thus be relieved +from all attacks upon her and see the theatre of the war transferred +to Germany; all other complications (which would +arise therefrom)—ruinous to the best interests of the Western +Powers as they would be—the Queen need not refer to. But +when the draft concludes with a declaration to Prussia that +England "<i>considers her neutrality as now at an end</i>," this is +tantamount to a declaration of <i>war!</i> The late articles in our +newspapers, and the language of Count Walewski to Lord +Cowley, make the Queen doubly anxious to warn the Government +not to let themselves be drawn on to such a policy.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 3: The draft expressed disapproval of the silence maintained by the Prussian Government +towards England with regard to the Austrian proposals, of the active measures +adopted to induce the German Powers not to take part with Austria, as well as of the +extended facilities afforded by Prussia to Russia for carrying on the war. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.162" id="pageiii.162"></a>[page 162]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER FROM NAPOLEON III</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Tuileries</span>, <i>le 14 Janvier 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et chère Sœur</span>,—Votre Majesté m'ayant permis +de lui parler à cœur ouvert toutes les fois que des circonstances +graves se présenteraient, je viens aujourd'hui profiter de la +faveur qu'elle a bien voulu m'accorder.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je viens de recevoir aujourd'hui la nouvelle de la réponse +de la Russie à l'Ultimatum de Vienne, et avant d'avoir manifesté +mon impression à qui que ce soit, pas même à Walewski, +je viens la communiquer à votre Majesté pour avoir son avis.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je résume la question: La Russie accepte tout l'Ultimatum +autrichien sauf la rectification de frontière de la Bessarabie, et +sauf le paragraphe relatif aux conditions <i>particulières</i> qu'elle +déclare ne pas connaître. De plus, profitant du succès de +Kars, elle s'engage à rendre cette forteresse et le territoire +occupé en échange des points que nous possédons en Crimée +et ailleurs.</p> + +<p class="ind">Dans quelle position allons-nous nous trouver? D'après +la convention, l'Autriche est obligée de retirer son ambassadeur, +et nous, nous poursuivons la guerre! Mais dans quel +but allons-nous demander à nos deux pays de nouveaux +sacrifices d'hommes et d'argent? Pour un intérêt purement +autrichien et pour une question qui ne consolide en rien +l'empire ottoman.</p> + +<p class="ind">Cependant nous y sommes obligés et nous ne devons pas +avoir l'air de manquer à nos engagements. Nous serions donc +placés dans une alternative bien triste si l'Autriche elle-même +ne semblait pas déjà nous inviter de ne point rompre toute +négociation. Or en réfléchissant aujourd'hui à cette situation, +je me disais: ne pourrait-on pas répondre à l'Autriche ceci: +La prise de Kars a tant soit peu changé nos situations; puisque +la Russie consent à évacuer toute l'Asie Mineure nous nous +bornons à demander pour la Turquie, au lieu de la rectification +de frontière, les places fortes formant <i>tête de pont</i> sur le Danube, +tels que Ismail et Kilia. Pour nous, nous demandons en fait +de conditions particulières, l'engagement de ne point rétablir les +forts des îles d'Aland et une amnistie pour les Tartares. Mon +sentiment est qu'à ces conditions-là la paix serait très désirable; +car sans cela je ne puis pas m'empêcher de redouter +l'opinion publique quand elle me dira: "Vous aviez obtenu +le but réel de la guerre, Aland était tombé et ne pouvait plus +se relever, Sebastopol avait eu le même sort, la flotte Russe +était anéantie, et la Russie promettait non seulement de ne +plus la faire reparaître dans la Mer Noire, mais même de ne +plus avoir d'arsenaux maritimes sur toutes ses rives; la Russie +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.163" id="pageiii.163"></a>[page 163]</span> +abandonnait ses conquêtes dans l'Asie Mineure, elle abandonnait +son protectorat dans les principautés, son action sur le +cours du Danube, son influence sur ces correligionnaires sujets +du Sultan, etc., etc. Vous aviez obtenu tout cela non sans +d'immenses sacrifices et cependant vous allez les continuer, +compromettre les finances de la France, répandre ses trésors +et son sang et pourquoi: pour obtenir quelques landes de la +Bessarabie!!!"</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR AND PEACE</span> +<p class="ind">Voilà, Madame, les réflexions qui me préoccupent; car +autant je me sens de force quand je crois être dans le vrai pour +inculquer mes idées à mon pays et pour lui faire partager ma +persuasion, autant je me sentirais faible si je n'étais pas sûr +d'avoir raison ni de faire mon devoir.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mais ainsi que je l'ai dit en commençant à votre Majesté +je n'ai communiqué ma première impression qu'au Duc de +Cambridge, et autour de moi au contraire j'ai dit qu'il fallait +continuer la guerre. J'espère que votre Majesté accueillera +avec bonté cette lettre écrite à la hâte et qu'elle y verra une +nouvelle preuve de mon désir de m'entendre toujours avec +elle avant de prendre une résolution. En remerciant votre +Majesté de l'aimable lettre que S.A.R. le Duc de Cambridge +m'a remise de sa part, je la prie de recevoir la nouvelle assurance +de mes sentiments de tendre et respectueux attachement avec +lesquels je suis de votre Majesté, le bon frère et ami,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoleon</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je remercie bien le Prince Arthur de son bon souvenir.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>15th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">... The Queen will send her letter to the Emperor this +evening for transmission to Paris. She will enclose it <i>open</i> to +Lord Clarendon, who will seal and send it after having read it.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen cannot conceal from Lord Clarendon what <i>her +own</i> feelings and wishes at this moment are. They <i>cannot</i> +be for peace <i>now</i>, for she is <i>convinced</i> that this country would +<i>not</i> stand in the eyes of Europe as she <i>ought</i>, and as the Queen +is convinced she <i>would</i> after <i>this</i> year's campaign. The honour +and glory of her dear Army is as <i>near</i> her heart as almost anything, +and she cannot <i>bear</i> the thought that "the failure on +the Redan" should be our <i>last fait d'Armes</i>, and it would cost +her more than words can express to conclude a peace with +<i>this</i> as the end. However, what is best and wisest must be +done.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen cannot yet bring herself to believe that the +Russians are at all sincere, or that it will <i>now</i> end in peace.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.164" id="pageiii.164"></a>[page 164]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S REPLY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>le 15 Janvier 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et cher Frère</span>,—La bonne et aimable lettre que je +viens de recevoir de la main de votre Majesté m'a causé un +très-vif plaisir. J'y vois une preuve bien satisfaisante pour +moi que vous avez apprécié tous les avantages de ces épanchements +sans réserve, et que votre Majesté en sent comme moi +le besoin dans les circonstances graves où nous sommes. Je +sens aussi toute la responsabilité que votre confiance m'impose, +et c'est dans la crainte qu'une opinion formée et exprimée +par moi trop à la hâte pourrait nuire à la décision finale à +prendre que je me vois obligée de différer pour le moment la +réponse plus détaillée sur les considérations que vous avez si +clairement et si consciencieusement développées. Cependant, +je ne veux point tarder de vous remercier de votre lettre, et de +vous soumettre de mon côté les réflexions qui me sont venues +en la lisant. La Réponse Russe ne nous est pas encore arrivée; +nous n'en connaissons pas exactement les termes; par conséquent, +il serait imprudent de former une opinion définitive +sur la manière d'y répondre, surtout comme le Prince Gortschakoff +paraît avoir demandé un nouveau délai du Gouvernement +Autrichien et de nouvelles instructions de St Pétersbourg, +et comme M. de Bourqueney paraît penser que la +Russie n'a pas dit son dernier mot. Nous pourrions donc +perdre une chance d'avoir de meilleures conditions, en montrant +trop d'empressement à accueillir celles offertes dans ce +moment. Celles-ci arriveront peut-être dans le courant de la +journée, ou demain, quand mon Cabinet sera réuni pour les +examiner. Nous sommes au 15; le 18 les relations diplomatiques +entre l'Autriche et la Russie doivent être rompues; +je crois que notre position vis-à-vis de la Russie sera meilleure +en discutant ses propositions après la rupture et après en +avoir vu les effets. En attendant, rien ne sera plus utile à +la cause de la paix que la résolution que vous avez si sagement +prise de dire à tous ceux qui vous approchent qu'il faut continuer +la guerre. Soyez bien sûr que dans l'opinion finale que +je me formerai, votre position et votre persuasion personnelle +seront toujours présentes à mon esprit et auront le plus grand +poids.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE BRITISH ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>17th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the Duke of Cambridge's and Lord +Cowley's letters, which together with the account which +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.165" id="pageiii.165"></a>[page 165]</span> +Lord Clarendon gives of his interview with M. de Persigny +causes the Queen no little anxiety. If negotiations on a +vague basis are allowed to be begun, the Russian negotiator +is sure to find out that the French are ready to grant anything....</p> + +<p class="ind">However, whatever happens, one consolation the Queen +ever will have, which is—that with the one exception of that +failure on the <i>Redan</i>, her noble Army—in spite of every possible +disadvantage which any army could labour under, <i>has</i> invariably +been victorious, and the Russians have always and everywhere +been beaten excepting at Kars, where <i>famine</i> alone +enabled them to succeed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Let us therefore not be (as alas! we have often been) its +detractors by our croaking.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">POSITION OF THE EMPEROR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>17th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and concludes that Lord Lansdowne informed your +Majesty that the Cabinet, after hearing from Lord Clarendon +a statement of the course of the recent negotiations as explained +by the despatches which Lord Clarendon read, came +to the decision that no further step should be taken, and no +further communication should be made to the Government of +France on the matters at issue, until the final decision of the +Russian Government on the pure and simple adoption of the +Austrian ultimatum<a id="footnotetagXXV4" name="footnotetagXXV4"></a><a href="#footnoteXXV4"><sup>4</sup></a> should be known. Viscount Palmerston +begs to congratulate your Majesty upon the telegraphic +message received this morning from Sir Hamilton Seymour, +announcing that the Russian Government has adopted that +Austrian ultimatum. So far so well, and the success +which has attended firmness and steadiness of purpose in +regard to those conditions may be looked upon as a tolerably +sure indication that a perseverance in the same course +will bring the Russian Government to consent to those +remaining conditions which the Austrian Government +has not yet (as it says) made known to the Cabinet of +Petersburg.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to the letter of the Emperor of the French to +your Majesty, and the statements made to Lord Clarendon by +the Count de Persigny as to the difficulties of the Emperor's +internal position with respect to finance, and a general desire +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.166" id="pageiii.166"></a>[page 166]</span> +for peace throughout the Nation, Viscount Palmerston expressed +his opinion to the Cabinet yesterday that all those +representations were greatly exaggerated. He is convinced +that the Emperor of the French is perfectly master of his own +position, and that he can as to peace or war take the course +which he may determine to adopt.</p> + +<p class="ind">The cabal of stock-jobbing politicians, by whom he is surrounded, +<i>must</i> give way to him if he is firm. They have no +standing place in the confidence and respect of their fellow-countrymen, +they represent nothing but the Stock Exchange +speculations in which they are engaged, and the Emperor's +throne would probably be stronger, rather than weaker, if they +were swept away, and better men put in their places. And +it is a very remarkable circumstance that at the very moment +when your Majesty and your Majesty's Government were +being told that the Emperor would be unable to go on with the +war on account of the difficulty of finding money, the French +Government was putting forth in the <i>Moniteur</i> an official +statement showing that they have a reserve surplus of twenty-one +millions sterling for defraying the expenses of a campaign +in the ensuing spring, without the necessity of raising any fresh +loan.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston fully concurs in the sentiment of regret +expressed by your Majesty to Lord Clarendon that the last +action of the war in which your Majesty's troops have been +engaged, should, if peace be now concluded, have been the +repulse at the Redan; but however it may suit national +jealousy, which will always be found to exist on the other side +of the Channel, to dwell upon that check, yet your Majesty may +rely upon it that the Alma and Inkerman have left recollections +which will dwell in the memory of the living and not be forgotten +in the page of history; and although it would no doubt +have been gratifying to your Majesty and to the Nation that +another summer should have witnessed the destruction of +Cronstadt by your Majesty's gallant Navy, and the expulsion of +the Russians from the countries south of the Caucasus by your +Majesty's brave Army, yet if peace <i>can</i> now be concluded on +conditions honourable and secure, it would, as your Majesty +justly observes, not be right to continue the war for the mere +purpose of prospective victories. It will, however, be obviously +necessary to continue active preparations for war up to the +moment when a definite Treaty of Peace is signed, in order that +the Russians may not find it for their interest to break off +negotiations when the season for operations shall approach, +emboldened by any relaxation on the part of the Allies induced +by too ready confidence in the good faith of their adversary....</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXV4" name="footnoteXXV4"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXV4">Footnote 4:</a> See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.152" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 152</a>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.167" id="pageiii.167"></a>[page 167]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Cambridge to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE AT PARIS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Tuileries</span>, <i>20th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Cousin</span>,—Your letters of the 14th and 18th have +reached me, and I am happy to find by them that you approve +in conjunction with the Government with what has been done +by me and my colleagues whilst at Paris.<sup>5</sup> I have given all the +messages and carried out all the instructions as contained in +your letters, and I trust as far as possible I have been enabled +to do some good. On the other hand, I cannot deny that the +feelings universally expressed here as to the prospects of a +speedy peace are so different from those felt in England, that it +is extremely difficult to produce any impression in the sense +that we could wish it. France wishes for peace more than +anything else on earth, and this feeling does not confine itself +to Walewski or the Ministers—it extends itself to all classes. +The Emperor alone is reasonable and sensible in this respect, +but his position is a most painful one, and he feels it very much. +The fact is that public opinion is much more felt and more +loudly expressed in this country than anybody in England at all +imagines. No doubt the Emperor can do much that he wishes, +but still he cannot go altogether against a feeling which so loudly +expresses itself on all occasions, without thereby injuring his +own position most seriously. I have written to Clarendon very +fully on this subject, and have explained to him my reasons +for wishing to return to England as soon as possible, now that +our military mission is concluded. It is essential that I should +see the members of the Government, and that I should communicate +to them the exact state of feeling here and the views +of the Emperor as to the mode of smoothing down all difficulties. +This can only be done by a personal interview on the part of +somebody thoroughly aware of the present position of affairs. +Probably at this moment I am in a better position to do this +than anybody else, from the peculiar circumstances in which I +have been placed while here, and it is this feeling which makes +me desirous to return to England with the least possible delay. +It is my intention therefore to start with my colleagues to-morrow, +Monday night, for England, to which arrangement the +Emperor has given his sanction, and by which time he will be +prepared to tell me what he thinks had best be done, from his +view of the question. I think it my duty to communicate this +to you, and hope that you will give my resolution your sanction. +I beg to remain, my dear Cousin, your most dutiful Cousin,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">George</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 5: At the Council of War. See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.160" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 160</a>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.168" id="pageiii.168"></a>[page 168]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ENGLAND AND FRANCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>28th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends a letter which she wishes Lord Clarendon +to give to General La Marmora.<sup>6</sup> We have been extremely +pleased with him (indeed he is a universal favourite) and found +him so sensible, mild, and right-minded, in all he says—and a +valuable adviser to the King. The Queen wishes <i>just</i> to mention +to Lord Clarendon that the Duke of Cambridge told her +that the Emperor had spoken to <i>him</i> about what the King of +Sardinia had said relative to <i>Austria and France</i>, asking the +Duke whether such a thing had been said.<sup>7</sup> The Duke seems +to have answered as we could wish, and the Queen pretended +<i>never</i> to have <i>heard</i> the report, merely saying that as the proposed +ultimatum was then much talked of, it was very possible +the King might unintentionally have mistaken the observations +of the Ministers and ourselves as to our being <i>unable</i> to <i>agree</i>, +without great caution, to what appeared to be <i>agreed</i> on beforehand +between <i>France</i> and <i>Austria</i>, and possibly <i>might</i> have in +his blunt way stated something which alarmed the Emperor—but +that she could not imagine it could be anything else. There +seems, however, really no <i>end</i> to <i>cancans</i> at <i>Paris</i>; for the +Duke +of Cambridge seems to have shared the same fate. The two +atmospheres of France and England, as well as the Society, are +so different that people get to talk differently. It seems also +that the King got frightened lest he should at Paris be thought +too liberal in his <i>religious</i> views (having been complimented for +it) which he was very proud of—and thought it necessary to tell +the <i>Emperor</i> he was a <i>good Catholic</i>. This is not unnatural in +his peculiar position. When Lord Clarendon goes to Paris, +he will be able to <i>silence</i> any further allusion to these idle +stories which only lead to mischief, and which even Lord Cowley +seems to have made more of (as to his own feelings upon them) +than was necessary, but that is equally natural. Speaking of +his King—General La Marmora said: "Il ne dira jamais ce qu'il +ne pense pas, mais il dit quelquefois ce qui serait mieux qu'il +ne dit pas." He more than any other regrets the King's not +having seen more of the world, and says his journey had done +him a <i>great</i> deal of good.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 6: The Sardinian Commander had been attending the Council of War at Paris.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 7: The King of Sardinia was reported to have told the Emperor that the latter's loyalty +to the Alliance was questioned by Great Britain, and that it was conjectured in London +that he was in favour of co-operation with Austria instead. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE SPEECH FROM THE THRONE</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>28th January 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns to Lord Palmerston the draft of the speech, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.169" id="pageiii.169"></a>[page 169]</span> +which she thinks <i>extremely well</i> worded, and which she therefore +trusts will be (with the exception of those passages marked) +as little altered as possible. Lord John Russell used to say +that as soon as a speech was discussed in the Cabinet, it was +so much <i>pruned</i> and altered as to lose all its force. The Queen +must own that she is <i>much</i> alarmed at hearing that the <i>papers</i> +of the War Council were to be printed and circulated amongst +the Cabinet, as she fears that the secrecy, which is so necessary, +upon which the Emperor laid so <i>much stress</i>, will be +very difficult to be maintained. The Emperor's opinion at +least, the Queen hopes, will <i>not</i> be printed or generally +circulated?</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must again press for a very early decision on the +subject. If this is allowed to <i>drag</i>, it will appear, particularly +to the <i>Emperor</i>, as if we were not really in earnest, though we +stickled so much for our additional conditions, which might +lessen the hopes of peace. Of course the Government must not +give any answer on this subject—should Parliament be so +indiscreet as to ask <i>what</i> the result of the deliberations of the +Council of War has been.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">Windsor Castle, <i>29th January 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—You will kindly forgive my letter +being short, but we are going to be present this morning at the +wedding of Phipps's daughter<sup>8</sup> with that handsome lame young +officer whom you remember at Osborne. It is quite an event +at Windsor, and takes place in St George's Chapel, which is +very seldom the case.</p> + +<p class="ind">Many thanks for your kind letter of the 25th, by which I am +glad to see that dear good Philip has arrived safe and well and +brought back <i>de bons souvenirs</i>. We shall always be <i>happy</i> to +see him.</p> + +<p class="ind">The <i>peace negotiations</i> occupy every one; <i>if</i> Russia is +<i>sincere</i>, +they will end most probably in peace; but <i>if</i> she is <i>not</i>, the war +will be <i>carried</i> on with <i>renewed vigour</i>. The recollection of last +year makes one <i>very distrustful</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">England's policy throughout has been the <i>same</i>, <i>singularly +unselfish</i>, and <i>solely</i> actuated by the <i>desire</i> of <i>seeing +Europe +saved</i> from the <i>arrogant</i> and <i>dangerous pretensions</i> of that +<i>barbarous power</i> Russia—and of having <i>such safeguards</i> established +for the <i>future</i>, which may ensure us against a <i>repetition</i> +of similar <i>untoward events</i>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.170" id="pageiii.170"></a>[page 170]</span> + +<p class="ind">I repeat now, what we have said from the beginning, and +what I have <i>repeated</i> a <i>hundred</i> times, <i>if Prussia</i> and +<i>Austria</i> +had held <i>strong and decided</i> language to <i>Russia in </i> '53, we +should <i>never</i> have had <i>this war!</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Now I must conclude. With Albert's best love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: Maria Henrietta Sophia, daughter of Sir Charles Beaumont Phipps, K.C.B., Keeper +of the Privy Purse, married Captain Frederick Sayer, 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Miss Florence Nightingale.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MISS NIGHTINGALE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>[January] 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dear Miss Nightingale</span>,—You are, I know, well aware of +the high sense I entertain of the Christian devotion which you +have displayed during this great and bloody war, and I need +hardly repeat to you how warm my admiration is for your +services, which are fully equal to those of my dear and brave +soldiers, whose sufferings you have had the <i>privilege</i> of alleviating +in so merciful a manner. I am, however, anxious of marking +my feelings in a manner which I trust will be agreeable to you, +and therefore send you with this letter a brooch, the form and +emblems of which commemorate your great and blessed work, +and which, I hope, you will wear as a mark of the high approbation +of your Sovereign!<sup>9</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It will be a very great satisfaction to me, when you return +at last to these shores, to make the acquaintance of one who +has set so bright an example to our sex. And with every prayer +for the preservation of your valuable health, believe me, always, +yours sincerely,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: The presentation took place on the 29th of January. The jewel resembled a badge +rather than a brooch, bearing a St George's Cross in red enamel, and the Royal cypher +surmounted by a crown in diamonds. The inscription "Blessed are the Merciful" +encircled the badge which also bore the word "Crimea." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to Lord Clarendon's observation that he hopes +that the Queen "will approve of his upholding the Sardinians +in the Conference and in all other respects," she can only assure +him that she is <i>most sincerely</i> anxious that he should do so, as +the Queen has the greatest respect for that noble little country, +which, since it has possessed an honest, straightforward as well +as courageous King, has been a bright example to all Continental +States.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen rejoices to hear that Count Cavour is coming to +Paris. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.171" id="pageiii.171"></a>[page 171]</span> +The Queen hopes that the determination not to admit Prussia +will be adhered to.<sup>10</sup> She hears that Baron Beust<sup>11</sup> means to +go to Paris to represent the German Confederation; this should +be prevented by all means.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 10: Prussia was not admitted to the sitting of the Conference until a later stage.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 11: Prime Minister of Saxony. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BELGIAN NEUTRALITY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>13th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I had the happiness of receiving your +kind letter of the 8th on Saturday, and thank you much for it. +I gave your kind message to Colonel Phipps, who was much +gratified by it. We came here in wretched weather yesterday, +leaving Mamma <i>still</i> at Frogmore.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Conferences will begin very shortly; Lord Clarendon +starts for Paris on <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Fiday'">Friday</ins>. <i>No</i> one but him could undertake +these difficult negotiations. <i>No</i> one can tell <i>what</i> the result +will be—and I will say nothing, for I have <i>too strong</i> personal +feelings to speak upon the subject.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to your answer respecting your <i>neutrality</i>, and +the possibility of your being obliged to break it, I must repeat +that I see <i>no possibility</i> or <i>eventuality</i> that <i>could oblige</i> +you to +do so. <i>Belgium</i> of its own accord bound itself to remain neutral, +and its very existence is <i>based</i> upon that neutrality, which +the other Powers have guaranteed and are bound to maintain +<i>if Belgium keeps</i> her engagements. I cannot at all see <span class="sc">HOW</span> +you could <i>even</i> entertain the question, for, as I just said, the +<i>basis</i> of the <i>existence</i> of Belgium is her <i>neutrality</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The weather is so mild that we should almost hope Stockmar +would start soon. If <i>he</i> can't come himself, he should send his +son for a few days, who could bring us any confidential communication +from his father, and could be the bearer of any from +us. Something of this kind is most necessary, for it is overwhelming +to write to one another upon so many details which +require immediate answer....</p> + +<p class="ind">With Albert's love, and ours to your young people, believe +me, always, your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>14th February 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has seen in the reports of the House of Commons +that a return has been moved for of all the decorations of the +Bath given since the war. The Queen hopes the Government +will not allow the House of Commons so much further to trespass +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.172" id="pageiii.172"></a>[page 172]</span> +upon the prerogatives of the Crown as now <i>virtually</i> to +take also the control over the distribution of honours and +rewards into their hands.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TERMS OF PEACE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>15th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—I have to thank you for your dear +kind letter of the 12th. Madame de Sévigné says, with great +truth, that a letter to be a good letter ought to be as if one +heard the person speak; your dear letters are always so, and +you would therefore be praised by Madame de Sévigné, and +that very deservedly. Lord Clarendon is, Heaven be praised, +well calculated to bring matters to a happy conclusion. I will +try to make some impression on the mind of the Emperor +Alexander, his best policy will be the most honest. By all I +can learn they wish most sincerely the conclusion of this war. +If on the side of the Allies only the things which really protect +the territories of the present Turkish Empire are asked, the +Russians ought not to manœuvre, but grant it, and the Allies +also ought to be moderate. You are very properly never +to be contradicted, but there are a few things to be remarked. +This neutrality was in the real interest of this country, but our +good Congress here did <i>not</i> wish it, and even opposed it; it was +<i>imposé</i> upon them. A neutrality to be respected must be +<i>protected</i>. France at all time in cases of general war can put +an end to it, by declaring to us <i>Vous devez être avec nous ou +contre nous</i>. If we answer <i>Nous sommes neutres</i>, they will +certainly try to occupy us; then the case of self-defence arises +and the claim to be protected by the other powers....</p> + +<p class="ind">My beloved Victoria, your devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE CONFERENCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>le 15 Février 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et cher Frère</span>,—Mes Commissaires pour le Conseil de +Guerre sont à peine revenus de Paris et notre plan de campagne +est à peine arrêté, que mes Plénipotentiaires pour la Conférence +de paix se mettent en route pour assister sous les yeux de V.M. +à l'œuvre de la pacification. Je n'ai pas besoin de vous recommander +Lord Clarendon, mais je ne veux pas le laisser partir +sans le rendre porteur de quelques mots de ma part.</p> + +<p class="ind">Quoique bien convaincue qu'il ne pourra dans les discussions +prochaines s'élever de questions sur lesquelles il y aurait +divergence d'opinions entre nos deux Gouvernements, j'attache +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.173" id="pageiii.173"></a>[page 173]</span> +toutefois le plus haut prix à ce que l'accord le plus parfait soit +établi avant que les conférences ne soient ouvertes; et c'est +dans ce but que j'ai chargé Lord Clarendon de se rendre à +Paris quelques jours avant, afin qu'il pût rendre un compte +exact des opinions de mon Gouvernement, et jouir de l'avantage +de connaître <i>à fond</i> la pensée de V.M.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'éprouverai un sentiment d'intime satisfaction dans ce +moment critique, et je le regarderai comme une preuve toute +particulière de votre amitié, si vous voulez permettre à Lord +Clarendon de vous exposer personnellement mes vues et +d'entendre les Vôtres de Votre proper bouche.</p> + +<p class="ind">Les opérations de nos armées et de nos flottes combinées, +sous un commandement divisé, ont été sujettes à d'énormes +difficultés; mais ces difficultés ont été heureusement vaincues. +Dans la Diplomatie comme à la guerre, les Russes auront sur +Nous le grand avantage de l'unité de plan et d'action, et je les +crois plus forts sur ce terrain que sur le champ de bataille; +mais à coup sûr, nous y resterons également victorieux, si +nous réussissons à empêcher l'ennemi de diviser nos forces et +de nous battre en détail.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sans vouloir jeter un doute sur la sincérité de la Russie en +acceptant nos propositions, il est impossible d'avoir à ce sujet +une conviction pleine et entière. J'ai tout lieu de croire +cependant que nul effort et nul stratagème ne seront negligés +pour rompre, s'il était possible, ou au moins pour affaiblir notre +alliance. Mais je repose à cet égard dans la fermeté de V.M. +la même confiance qui saura détruire toutes ces espérances, +que j'ai dans la mienne et dans celle de mes Ministres. Cependant, +on ne saurait attacher trop d'importance à ce que cette +commune fermeté soit reconnue et appréciée dès le commencement +des négociations, car de là dépendra, j'en ai la conviction, +la solution, si nous devons obtenir une paix dont les termes +pourront être considérés comme satisfaisants pour l'honneur +de la France et de l'Angleterre, et comme donnant une juste +compensation pour les énormes sacrifices que les deux pays +ont faits. Une autre considération encore me porte à attacher +le plus haut prix à cet accord parfait, c'est que si, par son +absence, nous étions entraînés dans une paix qui ne satisferait +point la juste attente de nos peuples, cela donnerait lieu à des +plaintes et à des récriminations qui ne pourraient manquer +de fausser les relations amicales des deux pays au lieu de les +cimenter davantage comme mon cœur le désire ardemment.</p> + +<p class="ind">D'ailleurs, je ne doute pas un moment qu'une paix telle que +la France et l'Angleterre ont le droit de la demander sera bien +certainement obtenue par une détermination inébranlable de ne +point rabaisser les demandes modérées que nous avons faites.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.174" id="pageiii.174"></a>[page 174]</span> + +<p class="ind">Vous excuserez, Sire, la longueur de cette lettre, mais il +m'est si doux de pouvoir épancher mes sentiments sur toutes +ces questions si importantes et si difficiles, avec une personne +que je considère non seulement comme un Allié fidèle, mais +comme un ami sur lequel je puis compter en toute occasion, et +qui, j'en suis sûre, est animé envers nous des mêmes sentiments.</p> + +<p class="ind">Le Prince me charge de vous offrir ses hommages les plus +affectueux, et moi je me dis pour toujours, Sire et cher Frère, de +V.M.I., la très affectionnée Sœur et Amie,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE CRIMEAN ENQUIRY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>16th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The subject to which Lord Palmerston refers in his letter +of last night, and upon which the Cabinet is going to deliberate +to-day, has also caused the Queen much anxiety.</p> + +<p class="ind">A Civil Commission is sent out by the Government to enquire +into the conduct of the officers in command in the Crimea; this +is done without any consultation with the Commander-in-Chief. +They report to the Government, inculpating several +general officers and others in high command; this report is +not communicated to the military authorities, nor to the persons +affected by it, but is laid on the table of both Houses of +Parliament.<sup>12</sup> These officers then for the first time find themselves +accused under the authority of Government, and that +accusation communicated to the Legislature without ever +having been heard in answer or allowed an opportunity to +defend themselves. It is stated in both Houses by the Government +that the officers may send papers in reply if they choose! +But who is to be the Judge on the trial? The Press, of course, +and the <i>Times</i> at the head, have already judged and condemned, +and the House of Commons is now moving <i>in default of another +Judge</i> to constitute its tribunal by a Committee of Enquiry.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is quite evident if matters are left so, and military officers +of the Queen's Army are to be judged as to the manner in which +they have discharged their military duties before an enemy by +a Committee of the House of Commons, the command of the +Army is at once transferred from the Crown to that Assembly.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.175" id="pageiii.175"></a>[page 175]</span> + +<p class="ind">This result is quite inevitable if the Government appear as +accusers, as they do by the report of their Commission, and +then submit the accusation for Parliament to deal with, without +taking any steps of their own!</p> + +<p class="ind">The course suggested by Sir James Graham and alluded to +by Lord Palmerston, of following the precedent of the enquiry +into the Convention of Cintra,<sup>13</sup> appears therefore to the Queen +to be the only prudent one.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks it most unfair to the officers to publish +their statements beforehand, as these will not go before judges +feeling the weight of their responsibility, but before the newspapers +who are their sworn enemies and determined to effect +their ruin, for which they possess unlimited means.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Palmerston to read this letter to the +Cabinet.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 12: Sir John MacNeill and Colonel Tulloch had been sent out to the Crimea early in 1855 +to investigate the breakdown of various military departments. They had issued a preliminary +report in the summer of 1855, and a final one in January 1856, which was presented +to Parliament. The officers specially censured were Lord Lucan (who had been +given the command of a Regiment), Lord Cardigan, Inspector of Cavalry, Sir Richard +Airey, Quartermaster-General, and Colonel Gordon, Deputy Quartermaster-General. +Lord Panmure wrote on the 17th of February that the Government recommended the +appointment of a Commission of Enquiry, consisting of General Sir Howard Douglas +and six other high military officers. The Commission sat at Chelsea, and made its report +in July, exonerating the officers censured.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 13: The Convention of Cintra was concluded on the 30th of August 1808. It was founded +on the basis of an armistice agreed upon between Sir Arthur Wellesley and General +Kellerman, on the day after the battle of Vimiera, and some of its provisions were considered +too favourable to the French. A Board of Enquiry, under the presidency of Sir +David Dundas, in the first instance exculpated the British officers; but the Government +having instructed the members of the Board to give their opinions individually, four were +found to approve and three to disapprove the armistice and convention. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S CORDIALITY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>18th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that he dined last night at the +Tuileries, and had a conversation of two hours with the +Emperor, which was in all respects satisfactory. On no +occasion has Lord Clarendon heard the Emperor express himself +more warmly or with greater determination in favour of +the Alliance, and H.M. entirely concurred with Lord Clarendon, +that upon the perfect understanding between the two Governments, +and the conviction on the part of others that the +Alliance was not to be shaken, depended the facility with +which negotiations might be conducted, and the terms on +which peace would be made. Lord Clarendon spoke with the +utmost frankness about the flattery that had been and would +continue to be addressed to His Majesty, and the contrast +perpetually drawn between England and France, to the disparagement +of the former, for the purpose of disturbing the +relations between them; but that your Majesty and your +Majesty's Government had always treated these tricks with +contempt, because the confidence in the Emperor's honour +and loyalty was complete. Lord Clarendon dwelt particularly +upon the feelings of your Majesty and of the Prince on +this subject, and the pleasure it gave the Emperor was evident; +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.176" id="pageiii.176"></a>[page 176]</span> +and he desired Lord Clarendon to say that your Majesty should +never find such confidence misplaced.</p> + +<p class="ind">He promised Lord Clarendon that he would give Baron +Brunnow and Count Buol to understand that if they thought +the Alliance could be disturbed by them they would find themselves +grievously mistaken, and that it would be waste of time +to try and alter any conditions upon which he had agreed with +the English Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor appeared to be much gratified by your Majesty's +letter, for the first thing he said to Lord Clarendon on coming +into the room before dinner was "<i>quelle charmante lettre vous +m'avez apportée de la Reine</i>," and then began upon the extraordinary +clearness with which your Majesty treated all matters +of business, and the pleasure he derived from every discussion +of them with your Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Empress was looking in great health and beauty. She +was in the highest spirits, and full of affectionate enquiry for +your Majesty.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Marquis of Dalhousie to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">OUDH</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Calcutta</span>, <i>19th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General presents his most humble duty to +your Majesty, and has the honour of submitting to your Majesty +a copy of a Proclamation, whereby the Kingdom of Oudh has +been placed exclusively and permanently under the authority +of your Majesty's Government.<a id="footnotetagXXV14" name="footnotetagXXV14"></a><a href="#footnoteXXV14"><sup>14</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">The various considerations, and the course of public events, +which led to this necessity, have long since been laid before +your Majesty's Government in great detail.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General during the past summer communicated +to the Home Authorities his readiness to remain in India +as long as he dared, namely, for one additional month, until +the 1st of March, for the purpose of carrying into effect the +proposed policy regarding Oudh—if it was desired that he +should do so.</p> + +<p class="ind">The orders from the Home Government reached the Governor-General +only upon the 2nd of January, leaving barely two +months for the assembling of the military force which was +necessary to provide against all risks—for the negotiations with +the King—and for the organisation of the future Civil and +Military Administration of Oudh.</p> + +<p class="ind">Every preparation having been completed, the Resident at +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.177" id="pageiii.177"></a>[page 177]</span> +Lucknow waited upon the King in person—communicated to +him the resolution which the British Government had taken—and +tendered for his acceptance a new Treaty, whereby the +transfer of the Government of Oudh would have been made a +matter of amicable agreement.</p> + +<p class="ind">The King wholly refused to sign any Treaty. He declared +himself ready to submit to the will of the British Government +in all things. He bade the Resident observe that every mark +of power had already been laid down by His Majesty's own +orders—the guns at the palace gates were dismounted, the +guards bore no arms, and, though drawn up as usual in the +Court, they saluted the Resident with their hands only; +while not a weapon was worn by any officer in the Palace.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE KING'S APPEAL</span> +<p class="ind">The King gave way to passionate bursts of grief and anger—implored +the intercession of the Resident in his behalf—and +finally, uncovering his head, he placed his turban in the Resident's +hands. This act—the deepest mark of humiliation and +helplessness which a native of the East can exhibit—became +doubly touching and significant when the head thus bared in +supplication was one that had worn a royal crown.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Government, however, had already borne too long with +the wrongs inflicted by the sovereigns of Oudh upon their +unhappy subjects. The clamorous grief of the King could not +be allowed to shut out the cry of his people's misery. The +King's appeal, therefore, could not be listened to; and as His +Majesty, at the end of the three days' space which was allowed +him for deliberation, still resolutely refused to sign a Treaty, the +territory of Oudh was taken possession of, by the issue of the +Proclamation which has now been respectfully submitted to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is the fourth kingdom in India which has passed under +your Majesty's sceptre during the last eight years.<sup>15</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Perfect tranquillity has prevailed in Oudh since the event +which has just been narrated. General Outram writes that +the populace of Lucknow, more interested than any other +community in the maintenance of the native dynasty, already +"appear to have forgotten they ever had a King." In the +districts the Proclamation has been heartily welcomed by +the middle and lower classes; while even the higher orders, +who of course lose much in a native state by the cessation +of corruption and tyranny, have shown no symptoms of +dissatisfaction.</p> + +<p class="ind">There seems every reason to hope and expect that the same +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.178" id="pageiii.178"></a>[page 178]</span> +complete tranquillity will attend the further progress of our +arrangements for the future administration of Oudh....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General has only further to report to your +Majesty that Lord Canning arrived at Madras on the 14th +inst., and that he will assume the Government of India on +the last day of this month.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Governor-General will report hereafter Lord Canning's +arrival at Fort William; and he has now the honour to subscribe +himself, your Majesty's most obedient, most humble +and devoted Subject and Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Dalhousie</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXV14" name="footnoteXXV14"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXV14">Footnote 14:</a> In a letter of the 13th, Mr Vernon Smith had told the Queen that the Press rumours +of "annexation" were premature, and that the use of the word itself had been avoided +in Lord Canning's correspondence with the Court of Directors.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 15: The earlier annexations were those of the Punjab (1849), Pegu (1852), and Nagpur +(1853); some minor additions were also made under what was called the "doctrine of +lapse." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PRELIMINARIES OF PEACE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>27th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns Lord Clarendon's letter.</p> + +<p class="ind">The matter becomes very serious, and it would be a bad +position for us to be left quite alone in the Conference, which +the Russians, the Queen has every reason to believe, are +anxiously striving to bring about. In fact, well-informed persons +pretend that this was the main aim of Russia in accepting +the Austrian ultimatum and going to Paris.</p> + +<p class="ind">Would it not answer to take this line: to say to Russia, +"You have accepted the ultimatum, <i>pur et simple</i>, and have +now again recognised its stipulations as preliminaries of peace. +You will, therefore, first of all, have to execute them; you +may then come to the question of Kars and say you mean to +keep it—then you will see that Europe, bound to maintain the +integrity of Turkey, will be obliged to go on with the war, and +it will be for you to consider whether you mean to go on +fighting for Kars; but at present this is not in question, as +you are only called upon to fulfil the engagements to which +you have solemnly pledged yourself"?</p> + +<p class="ind">Perhaps Lord Palmerston will discuss this suggestion with +his colleagues to-night.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>27th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that as the result of the deliberations +of the Cabinet this evening, the accompanying telegraphic +message is proposed to be sent to-morrow morning to +Lord Clarendon. It is founded upon the substance of your +Majesty's memorandum of this afternoon. Viscount Palmerston +has taken another copy of this draft.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.179" id="pageiii.179"></a>[page 179]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Telegram to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>28th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">[<i>Enclosure.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">Your letter has been considered by the Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">Russia should be told that she cannot recede from the conditions +which she deliberately agreed to by a <i>pur et simple</i> +acceptance at Petersburg, which she afterwards formally recorded +in a protocol at Vienna, and which she has within a +few days solemnly converted into preliminaries of peace.</p> + +<p class="ind">Those engagements must be fulfilled, and those conditions +must be carried into execution.</p> + +<p class="ind">As to Kars, Austria, France, and Great Britain have undertaken +to maintain the integrity of the Turkish Empire, and +that integrity must be maintained.</p> + +<p class="ind">Russia received no equivalent for giving up the principalities +which she had occupied as a material pledge. She can receive +none for giving up Kars.</p> + +<p class="ind">If Russia determines to carry on the war, rather than give +up Kars, things must take their course.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Marquis of Dalhousie to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TRANQUILLITY OF INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Government House</span>, <i>29th February 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Dalhousie presents his most humble duty to your +Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The guns are announcing from the ramparts of Fort William +that Lord Canning has arrived. In an hour's time he will +have assumed the Government of India. Lord Dalhousie will +transfer it to him in a state of perfect tranquillity. There is +peace, within and without. And although no prudent man +will ever venture to predict the certainty of continued peace in +India, yet Lord Dalhousie is able to declare, within reservation, +that he knows of no quarter in which it is probable that trouble +will arise.<sup>16</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Dalhousie desires that his very last act, as Governor-General, +should be to submit to your Majesty a respectful +expression of the deep sense he entertains of your Majesty's +constant approbation of his public conduct while he has held the +office of Governor-General of India; together with a humble +assurance of the heartfelt gratitude with which he shall ever +remember your Majesty's gracious favour towards him through +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.180" id="pageiii.180"></a>[page 180]</span> +the eight long years during which he has borne the ponderous +burden he lays down to-day.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Dalhousie begs permission to take leave of your +Majesty, and has the honour to subscribe himself, with deep +devotion, your Majesty's most obedient, most humble and +faithful Subject and Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Dalhousie</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 16: It has been, however, freely alleged that the failure to repress acts of insubordination +in the administration of Lord Dalhousie was a contributory, if not the direct, cause of the +events of 1857. See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.223" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 223</a>, and Walpole's <i>History of England from the Conclusion +of the Great War in 1815</i>, ch. xxvii., and authorities there referred to. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD CLARENDON'S INSTRUCTIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, [<i>? March</i>] <i>1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these letters to Lord Palmerston. She +entirely concurs in Lord Palmerston's general views of the +question, but at the same time she thinks—as circumstances, +which are beyond our control, may so vary from day to day +or even from hour to hour—that Lord Clarendon should receive +full powers to act according to what may appear to him to be +best and wisest at the time, even if it should not be in strict +accordance with what we originally contemplated and must +naturally wish. Such a power would certainly not be misplaced +in Lord Clarendon's hands; his firmness, and his sense +of what this country expects, are too well known to lead us to +doubt of his permitting anything but what would <i>really</i> be for +the best of this country, and for the maintenance of the +Alliance.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PEACE NEGOTIATIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th March 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With reference to Lord Clarendon's letter, the Queen must +say that she, though <i>very reluctantly</i>, shares his opinion, that +we have no choice <i>now</i> but to accept the peace, even if it is not +all we could desire, and if another campaign might have got +us better terms. She feels certain that the bad accounts of the +French Army in the Crimea, which appears to suffer <i>now</i> all +the misery which ours suffered last year at the worst time of +the siege, will more than ever indispose the Emperor from risking +a renewal of hostilities. It is affirmed that the French +have beyond 20,000 men in hospital!</p> + +<p class="ind">If we are to have this peace, however, the Queen must again +agree with Lord Clarendon that we ought not <i>ourselves</i> to +depreciate it, as our Press has done the deeds of our Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to the principalities, it is the Queen's opinion +that nothing will oppose a barrier to Russia and her intrigues +but the arrangement which will satisfy the people themselves, +viz. an <i>hereditary monarchy</i>. The example of Egypt might +perfectly well be followed in Wallachia and Moldavia.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.181" id="pageiii.181"></a>[page 181]</span> + +<p class="ind">The subject of Poland would, in the Queen's opinion, be +much better left unintroduced into the present negotiations; +we have no claim arising out of this war to ask Russia to make +concessions on that head, which, moreover, would be treated +by her as an internal question not admitting of foreign interference.</p> + +<p class="ind">The clause in the Treaty of Vienna about the Bonapartes is +a dead letter, as this very Treaty, now to be signed, will prove, +and the Emperor would act very unwisely to call for an alteration +in which all Powers who signed the original Treaty would +claim to be consulted. We have every interest not to bring +about a European Congress <i>pour la Révision des Traités</i>, which +many people suspect the Emperor wishes to turn the present +Conference into.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes only to add that, should Prussia be asked +to join in the final Treaty on the ground of her having been a +party to the July Treaty, we should take care that it does not +appear that this was an act of courtesy of all the other Powers +towards Prussia except England, who need not be made to take +additional unpopularity in Germany upon herself.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>18th March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that the Emperor gave him to-day the +most satisfactory report of the Empress and the young Prince.<sup>17</sup> +There appears to be little or no fever now, and a great power +of sleeping. The Emperor's eyes filled with tears when he +described the tortures of the Empress and his own sensations. +He said he hardly knew how to express his gratitude for the +interest which your Majesty had manifested for the Empress, +and for the letters which he had received from your Majesty +and the Prince.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Prussian Plenipotentiaries<sup>18</sup> were admitted at the close +of the Conference this afternoon—all important matters under +negotiation having been concluded.</p> + +<p class="ind">Count Walewski made an ineffectual attempt to make it +appear by a doubtful form of expression that Prussia had taken +part throughout in the negotiations. Lord Cowley and Lord +Clarendon said that they wished to show all courtesy to Prussia, +but could not consent to sign what was manifestly untrue....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: The Prince Imperial, Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph, was born on the 16th of +March.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 18: Baron Manteuffel and Count Hatzfeldt. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.182" id="pageiii.182"></a>[page 182]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Extract of a Letter from Mr Cobden to a Friend.</i><sup>19</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PRINCESS ROYAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Midhurst</span>, <i>20th March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"> ... It is generally thought that the young Prince Frederic +William of Prussia is to be married to our Princess Royal. I +was dining <i>tête-à-tête</i> with Mr Buchanan, the American Minister, +a few days ago, who had dined the day before at the Queen's +table, and sat next to the Princess Royal. He was in raptures +about her, and said she was the most charming girl he had ever +met: "All life and spirit, full of frolic and fun, with an excellent +head, and a <i>heart as big as a mountain</i>"—those were his +words. Another friend of mine, Colonel Fitzmayer, dined +with the Queen last week, and in writing to me a description of +the company, he says, that when the Princess Royal smiles, +"it makes one feel as if additional light were thrown upon the +scene." So I should judge that this said Prince is a lucky +fellow, and I trust he will make a good husband. If not, +although a man of peace, I shall consider it a <i>casus belli</i>....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 19: Submitted to the Queen. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>29th March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that the Emperor sent General Ney +to him this morning to request that Lord Clarendon would +convey the cordial thanks of the Emperor to your Majesty for +the <i>feu de joie</i> fired by your Majesty's troops in the Crimea upon +the announcement of the birth of the Prince Imperial.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon was much embarrassed by a letter this +morning from Lord Palmerston, desiring that the signature of +the Treaty should be postponed till Monday, in case the +Cabinet should have any amendments to propose; and Lord +Clarendon humbly hopes that your Majesty may not be displeased +at his not having acted upon this injunction, because he +had promised to sign the Treaty to-morrow in accordance with +the general wish of the Congress, notwithstanding that it was +Sunday, and he could not therefore go back from his engagement—every +preparation is made for illuminations, not alone +at Paris, but throughout France, as all the Prefects have been +informed of the signature—the odium that would have fallen +[on] us all would have been extreme throughout Europe it +may be said, and it would have been regarded as a last proof of +our unwillingness to make peace. The friendly feeling of the +Congress towards the English P.P.'s<sup>20</sup> would have changed, and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.183" id="pageiii.183"></a>[page 183]</span> +they probably would have agreed to no amendments, requiring +that all the seven copies of the Treaty should be recopied. In +short, Lord Clarendon felt that he had no choice but to take +upon himself the responsibility of signing to-morrow; but he +has suggested that Lord Palmerston's private letter should be +converted into a despatch, in order that the sole and entire +blame should rest with Lord Clarendon....<sup>21</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: <i>I.e.</i>, Plenipotentiaries.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 21: For the chief stipulations of the Treaty, see Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.158" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 158</a>. In +addition to the actual Treaty, an important declaration was made as to the rules of international +maritime law, to be binding only on the signatory powers, dealing with the +following points:—</p> + + +<p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">(<i>a</i>)</span> Abolition of Privateering.</p> +<p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">(<i>b</i>)</span> Neutral flag to cover enemy's goods, other than + contraband of war.</p> +<p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">(<i>c</i>)</span> Neutral goods, other than contraband of war, under + enemy's flag, to be exempt from seizure.</p> +<p class="note2a"> + <span class="outdent1">(<i>d</i>)</span> Blockades to be binding must be effective, + <i>i.e.</i> maintained by adequate marine force.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TERMS ARRIVED AT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>30th March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and in submitting the accompanying letter from Lord +Clarendon, he begs to state that he informed Lord Clarendon +by the messenger yesterday evening that all he had done +and agreed to was approved, and that he might sign the +Treaty to-day. It was to be signed at half-past twelve this +day.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston begs to congratulate your Majesty +upon an arrangement which effects a settlement that is satisfactory +for the present, and which will probably last for many +years to come, of questions full of danger to the best interests +of Europe. Greater and more brilliant successes by land and +sea might probably have been accomplished by the Allies if the +war had continued, but any great and important additional +security against future aggressions by Russia could only have +been obtained by severing from Russia large portions of her +frontier territory, such as Finland, Poland, and Georgia; and +although by great military and financial efforts and sacrifices +those territories might for a time have been occupied, Russia +must have been reduced to the lowest state of internal distress, +before her Emperor could have been brought to put his name +to a Treaty of Peace finally surrendering his sovereignty over +those extensive countries; and to have continued the war long +enough for these purposes would have required greater endurance +than was possessed by your Majesty's Allies, and might +possibly have exhausted the good-will of your Majesty's own subjects....</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.184" id="pageiii.184"></a>[page 184]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE TREATY OF PARIS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>30th March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to congratulate your Majesty upon the +signature of peace this afternoon. It is not to be doubted that +another campaign must have brought glory to your Majesty's +arms, and would have enabled England to impose different +terms upon Russia, but setting aside the cost and the horrors of +war, in themselves evils of the greatest magnitude, we cannot +feel sure that victory might not have been purchased too dearly—a +continuation of the war would hardly have been possible +either with or without France—if we had dragged her on with +us it would have been most reluctantly on her part, her finances +would have suffered still more, she would have borne us ill-will, +would have acted feebly with us, and would on the first favourable +occasion have left us in the lurch. If we had continued +the war single-handed, France would feel that she had behaved +shabbily to us, and would <i>therefore</i> have hated us all the more, and +become our enemy sooner than under any other circumstances; +a coalition of Europe might then have taken place against +England, to which the United States would but too gladly have +adhered, and the consequence might have been most serious.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon would not make such an assertion lightly, +but he feels convinced that your Majesty may feel satisfied with +the position now occupied by England—six weeks ago it was a +painful position here, everybody was against us, our motives +were suspected, and our policy was denounced; but the universal +feeling now is that we are the only country able and ready, +and willing, if necessary, to continue the war; that we might +have prevented peace, but that having announced our readiness +to make peace on honourable terms we have honestly and unselfishly +acted up to our word. It is well known, too, that the +conditions on which peace is made would have been different if +England had not been firm, and everybody is, of course, glad <i>even +here</i> that peace should not have brought dishonour to France.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon, therefore, ventures to hope that the language +in England with respect to the peace will not be apologetic +or dissatisfied. It would be unwise and undignified, and +would invite criticism if such language were held before the +conditions are publicly known.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">END OF THE WAR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>31st March 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Clarendon much for his two letters +of Saturday and yesterday; and we congratulate <i>him</i> on the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.185" id="pageiii.185"></a>[page 185]</span> +success of his <i>efforts</i> in obtaining the Peace, for to him <i>alone</i> +it is due, and also <i>to him alone</i> is due the dignified position which +the Queen's beloved country holds, and which she owes to a +straightforward, steady, and unselfish policy throughout.</p> + +<p class="ind">Much as the Queen disliked the idea of <i>Peace</i>, she has become +reconciled to it, by the conviction that France would either +not have continued the war, or continued it in such a manner +that <i>no</i> glory could have been hoped for for us.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have a striking proof of this in Pélissier not having +obeyed the Emperor's orders and never having thought of +occupying Sak.<sup>22</sup> <i>This really might</i> be hinted to the Emperor....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen finds Lord Palmerston very well pleased with the +Peace, though he struggled as long as he could for better conditions....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 22: The word is so written in the original draft. There was a place of the name near Old +Fort in the Crimea, but this is more probably an abbreviation for Sakatal in Caucasia. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>1st April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... <i>Peace is signed!</i> But till the +ratifications have taken place its terms cannot be known. +That so <i>good</i> a Peace <i>has</i> been obtained, and that this country +stands in the high position she now does by <i>having</i> made peace, +but <i>not</i> yielding to <i>unworthy</i> and dishonourable terms, is +<i>all</i> +owing to Lord Clarendon, whose difficulties were immense, and +who cannot be too highly praised.</p> + +<p class="ind">May I beg to remind you to make enquiries, <i>quietly</i>, about +the young Prince of Orange<sup>23</sup>—as to his education, <i>entourage</i>, +and disposition? Pray also don't forget to try and let us have +a <i>new</i> Russian; it would be infinitely <i>better</i>.<sup>24</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">We were much grieved to hear the day before yesterday from +Sommer that poor Stockmar had had a relapse, but the illness +is clearly of a spasmodic nature and therefore <i>not</i> at all dangerous, +and the pain had speedily left him, but of course left him +again weaker, which is most distressing.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now with Albert's affectionate love and our reiterated +<i>warmest</i> thanks, in which Vicky is included, for your having +so <span class="sc">VERY</span> kindly come over for her Confirmation, believe me, +ever, your devoted Niece and Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 23: Prince William Nicholas, born 1840, elder son of King William III. of Holland.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 24: The new Russian Ambassador was Count Creptowitch. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Palais de Buckingham</span>, <i>le 3 Avril 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et mon cher Frère</span>,—V.M. me permettra de lui offrir +toutes mes félicitations à l'occasion de la paix qui a été conclue +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.186" id="pageiii.186"></a>[page 186]</span> +sous vos auspices, et peu de jours seulement après l'heureux +événement qui vous a donné un fils. Quoique partageant le +sentiment de la pluspart de mon peuple qui trouve que cette +paix est peut-être un peu précoce, j'éprouve le besoin de vous +dire que j'approuve hautement les termes dans lesquels elle +a été conçue, comme un résultat qui n'est pas indigne des +sacrifices que nous avons faits mutuellement pendant cette +juste guerre, et comme assurant autant que cela se peut, la +stabilité de l'équilibre Européen....</p> + +<p class="ind">Le Prince me charge de vous offrir ses hommages les plus +affectueux, et je me dis pour toujours, Sire et cher Frère, de +V.M.I., la bien affectionnée Sœur et Amie,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">HONOURS GRATEFULLY DECLINED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>6th April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon humbly begs in Lord Cowley's name and his +own most gratefully to acknowledge the kind and gracious +intention of your Majesty to raise each of them a step in the +Peerage, and they venture to hope that your Majesty will not +have been displeased at their having respectfully declined this +great distinction. Lord Cowley's reason was his extreme +poverty, and the feeling that an accession of rank would only +aggravate the inconvenience he already experiences from being +a Peer....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon felt that courtesy titles to his younger +sons would be a positive injury to them in working for their +bread, and he relied upon your Majesty's unvarying kindness +for appreciating his reluctance to prefer himself to his children. +He may, with entire truth, add that the knowledge that your +Majesty has approved of their conduct is ample and abundant +reward for Lord Cowley and himself. Lord Clarendon hopes +it is not presumptuous in him to say that he would not exchange +your Majesty's letters of approval for any public mark of your +Majesty's favour....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD PALMERSTON AND THE GARTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now that the moment for the ratification of the Treaty of +Peace is near at hand, the Queen wishes to delay no longer the +expression of her satisfaction as to the manner in which both +the War has been brought to a conclusion, and the honour and +interests of this country have been maintained by the Treaty +of Peace, under the zealous and able guidance of Lord Palmerston. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.187" id="pageiii.187"></a>[page 187]</span> +She wishes as a public token of her approval to bestow +the Order of the Garter upon him. Should the two vacant +Ribbons already have been promised to the Peers whose names +Lord Palmerston has on a former occasion submitted to the +Queen, there could be no difficulty in his being named an +extra Knight, not filling up the next vacancy which may +occur; this course was followed when Lord Grey received the +Garter from the hands of King William.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>11th April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and is unable to express in words the gratification +and thankfulness which he feels upon the receipt of your +Majesty's most gracious and unexpected communication of +this morning. The utmost of his ambition has been so to perform +the duties of the high position in which your Majesty has +been pleased to place him, as to prove himself not unworthy of +the confidence with which your Majesty has honoured him; +and the knowledge that your Majesty has found no reason to +be dissatisfied with your choice; and that his endeavour +properly to discharge his duties to your Majesty and the +country have met with your Majesty's approval would of +itself be an ample reward for any labour or anxiety with which +the performance of those duties may have been attended, and, +therefore, the gracious communication which he has this +morning received from your Majesty will be preserved by him +as in his eyes still more valuable even than the high honour +which it announces your Majesty's intention to confer upon him.</p> + +<p class="ind">That high and distinguished honour Viscount Palmerston +will receive with the greatest pride as a public mark of your +Majesty's gracious approbation, but he begs to be allowed to +say that the task which he and his colleagues have had to +perform has been rendered comparatively easy by the enlightened +views which your Majesty has taken of all the great +affairs in which your Majesty's Empire has been engaged, and +by the firm and steady support which <i>in</i> all these important +transactions your Majesty's servants have received from the +Crown.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SERVICE RETRENCHMENTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>12th April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the draft of Treaty, which she approves, +and of which she would wish to have a copy.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.188" id="pageiii.188"></a>[page 188]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Queen believes that the Cabinet are going to consider +to-day the amount of retrenchments which may be necessary +in the Army and Navy.</p> + +<p class="ind">She trusts and <i>expects</i> that this will be done with great +<i>moderation</i> and very <i>gradually</i>; and that the difficulties we +have had, and the sufferings which we have endured, may not +be forgotten, for to the miserable reductions of the last thirty +years are entirely owing our state of <i>helplessness</i> when the War +began; and it would be unpardonable if we were to be found +in a similar condition, when another War—and <i>who</i> can tell +<i>how</i> soon there may be one?—breaks out.</p> + +<p class="ind">We must <i>never</i> for a moment forget the very peculiar state +of France, and <i>how entirely all there</i> depends upon <i>one</i> man's +life.</p> + +<p class="ind">We <i>ought</i> and <i>must</i> be prepared for every <i>eventuality</i>, and +we have splendid material in that magnificent little Army in +the Crimea.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Palmerston to show this letter to the +Cabinet.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER FROM THE EMPEROR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>le 12 Avril 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et très chère Sœur</span>,—Votre Majesté m'a fait +grand plaisir en me disant qu'elle était satisfaite de la conclusion +de la paix, car ma constante préoccupation a été, tout en +désirant la fin d'une guerre ruineuse, de n'agir que de concert +avec le Gouvernement de votre Majesté. Certes je conçois +bien qu'il ait été désirable d'obtenir encore de meilleurs résultats, +mais était-ce raisonnable d'en attendre de la manière +dont la guerre avait été engagée? J'avoue que je ne le crois +pas. La guerre avait été trop lentement conduite par nos +généraux et nos amiraux et nous avions laissé le temps aux +Russes de se rendre presque imprenables à Cronstadt comme +en Crimée. Je crois donc que nous aurions payé trop chèrement +sous tous les rapports les avantages que nous eussions pu +obtenir. Je suis pour cette raison heureux de la paix, mais +je suis heureux surtout que notre Alliance sorte intacte des +conférences et qu'elle se montre à l'Europe aussi solide que le +premier jour de <i>notre union</i>. (Je prie le Prince Albert de ne +pas être jaloux de cette expression.)</p> + +<p class="ind">Nous avons appris avec la plus vive satisfaction que les +projets que votre Majesté avait conçus pour le bonheur de la +Princesse Royale allaient bientôt se réaliser. On dit tant de +bien du jeune Prince Frédéric Guillaume que je ne doute pas +que votre charmante fille ne soit heureuse. L'Impératrice, qui +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.189" id="pageiii.189"></a>[page 189]</span> +attend avec impatience le moment de pouvoir écrire à votre +Majesté, a été bien touchée de votre aimable lettre. Vers le +commencement de Mai nous irons à St Cloud où votre souvenir +nous y accompagne toujours, car ces lieux nous rappellent +le séjour de votre Majesté et nous faisons des vœux pour +qu'un si heureux événement puisse se renouveler.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je prie votre Majesté de me rappeler au souvenir du Prince +Albert et de recevoir avec bonté l'assurance des sentiments +de respectueuse amitié avec lesquels je suis, de votre Majesté, +le dévoué Frère et Ami,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoléon</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st April 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has heard from Colonel Phipps that Lord +Hardinge is most anxious for her sanction to the paper submitted +yesterday, if even as merely a temporary measure, +before the mail goes this evening, as all the shipping at Balaklava +is waiting for it. She hopes Lord Hardinge will see how +inconvenient and unpleasant it must be to the Queen to have +important matters submitted at such short notice that they +cannot even be discussed by her without detriment to the +public service, and trusts that she may not again be placed in +a similar position. She has now signed the paper, but <i>only</i> +as a temporary measure, and upon the understanding that +Lord Hardinge will submit to her, between this and the next +mail, the arrangements which are now wanting.</p> + +<p class="ind">She has also signed the proposal about Canada, but must +express her conviction that General Le Marchant,<sup>25</sup> as Civil +Governor of the Colony, cannot possibly attend to the command +of the Brigade, which ought to have a distinct Commander. +There may be Artillery in Canada, but is it horsed? and in +Batteries?</p> + +<p class="ind">We are rapidly falling back into the old ways!</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: Sir John Gaspard Le Marchant, 1803-1874, Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia +from 1852 to 1857. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>6th May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Having returned late from a drive, +I have but little time to spare to thank you for your kind +letter of the 2nd. Last Thursday (1st) was our darling +Arthur's sixth birthday, which he enjoyed duly. On the 3rd +we received Brunnow<sup>26</sup>—who was so nervous and humble, and +so <i>ému</i> that he could hardly speak. He dines with us to-night, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.190" id="pageiii.190"></a>[page 190]</span> +and the dinner is given for him, being a <i>funny collection of +antagonistic elements</i>—Granville, Clarendon, Lansdowne, +Aberdeen, Graham, John Russell, Derby, and Malmesbury! +"The Happy Family," I call it.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Opposition have taken the line of disapproving the +Peace and showing great hostility to Russia.</p> + +<p class="ind">To-morrow we have a Levée, and on Thursday a ball in our +fine new room, which we open on that day; and on Friday +there is a <i>Peace</i> Fête at the Crystal Palace. On Saturday we +go out of town; and now I must end, begging to be forgiven +for so hurried a scrawl, but I had to write a long letter and to +<i>sit</i> to Winterhalter. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 26: He had come to England, charged with a special mission. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Labouchere.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">COLONIAL GOVERNORSHIPS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>14th May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Mr Labouchere's letter, and hastens +to express her opinion that Mr Wilson<sup>27</sup> would not be at all a +proper person to be Governor of so large and important a +Colony as Victoria. It ought to be a man of higher position +and standing, and who could represent his Sovereign +adequately....</p> + +<p class="ind">She wishes further to observe that Mr Labouchere should in +future take care that, while he tries to ascertain the feelings of +people as to their accepting the offer of a Colonial appointment, +before he submits them to the Queen, that these enquiries +should be made in such a manner as not to lead these +persons to <i>expect</i> the appointment, else, if the <i>Queen</i> does not +approve of them, the whole odium of the refusal will fall upon +her. The best way, and the way in which similar appointments +are conducted in the other Offices, would be to mention +the names first to the Queen, and if she approves of them, +to ascertain the feelings of the respective candidates. This +would avoid all difficulties on the subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 27: James Wilson, the founder of <i>The Economist</i>, was at this time Financial Secretary +to the Treasury. In 1859 he accepted the new office of Financial Member of the Council +of India, but died in the following year. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Labouchere.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>14th May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would quite approve of the selection of Sir H. +Bulwer, Lord Lyttelton, or Sir H. Barkly for Victoria. She is +decidedly of opinion that the Governor should be an Englishman +and not a Colonist. Now that self-Government has been +established in the Colonies, the person of the Governor is the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.191" id="pageiii.191"></a>[page 191]</span> +only connection remaining with the Mother Country; and if +the Government were once filled from among the public men +in the Colonies, this would become a precedent most difficult +to break through again, and possibly paving the way for total +separation.<sup>28</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 28: Sir Henry Bulwer declined. Sir Henry Barkly was appointed. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NAVAL POLICY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>18th May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to thank Sir C. Wood for his long and clear +statement as to the present position of the Naval Force, which +she quite understands. She attaches the greatest importance +to perfect faith being kept with the sailors, and on that account +was distressed to hear of the misapprehension at Portsmouth +the other day.</p> + +<p class="ind">A good system for a Naval Reserve would be most important. +The Queen thinks a Commission, composed chiefly +of <i>younger officers</i> still conversant with the <i>present</i> feelings of +our sailors, would best be able to advise on the subject; the +old Admirals are always and not unnaturally somewhat behind +their time.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the policy of not too rapidly reducing our +naval armaments, Sir C. Wood only anticipates the Queen's +most anxious wish on this subject, for we cannot tell what may +not happen anywhere at any moment; our relations with +America are very unsettled, and our Alliance with France <i>depends</i> +upon the life of one man. And it is best to be prepared, +for else you excite suspicion if you have suddenly to make preparations +without being <i>able</i> to state for what they are intended.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to the Sailors' Homes, the Queen concurs in +the advantage of leaving them to private management; but +the Government, having so large a stake in the sailors' welfare, +would act wisely and justly to make a handsome donation to +all of them at the present moment, taking care that this should +be used by the different establishments for their permanent +extension. Five thousand pounds amongst them would be +by no means an unreasonable sum to give as a token of the +interest taken in the well-being of these brave men when no +immediate return in shape of service was expected for it.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>21st May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is very anxious about the fixing of our Peace +establishment both for the Army and Navy. Although Lord +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.192" id="pageiii.192"></a>[page 192]</span> +Hardinge's proposals are before the Government already for +some time, no proposal has yet been submitted to the Queen; +and on enquiry from Sir C. Wood, he stated but two days ago +that no reduction of the Navy was yet settled. On the other +hand, the Queen sees from the Chancellor of the Exchequer's +speech that he specifies the sums by which both Army and +Navy estimates are to be reduced. This <i>prejudges</i> the whole +question, and will deprive the Government of all power freely +to consider these important questions. The Queen was, moreover, +sorry to find Mr Disraeli, Mr Gladstone, and Sir Francis +Baring agreeing with the doctrine of the <i>Times</i> and Lord Grey +that we ought <i>not</i> to improve our state of preparation for war; +and if we had been better prepared for the late war, we should +have been still more disappointed.<sup>29</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 29: In the course of an elaborate reply, Lord Palmerston stated that the country had +never been in a better condition of defence than at the present time, but he insisted that +the Militia, which from 1815 to 1832 had been allowed to become extinct, must be maintained +in an efficient state—120,000 strong. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TITLE OF PRINCE CONSORT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>May 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is a strange omission in our Constitution that while <i>the +wife</i> of a <i>King</i> has the highest rank and dignity in the realm +after her husband assigned to her by law, the <i>husband</i> of a +<i>Queen regnant</i> is entirely ignored by the law. This is the more +extraordinary, as a husband has in this country such particular +rights and such great power over his wife, and as the +Queen is married just as any other woman is, and swears to +obey her lord and master, as such, while by law he has no rank +or defined position. This is a strange anomaly. No doubt, +as is the case <i>now</i>—the Queen <i>can</i> give her husband the highest +<i>place</i> by <i>placing</i> him <i>always near her person</i>, and the Nation +would give it him as a <i>matter of course</i>. Still, when I first +married, we had much difficulty on this subject; much bad +feeling was shown, and several members of the Royal Family +showed bad grace in giving precedence to the Prince, and the +late King of Hanover positively resisted doing so. I gave the +Prince precedence by issuing Letters Patent, but these give +no rank in Parliament—or at the Council Board—and it would +be far better to put this question beyond all doubt, and to +secure its settlement for <i>all future Consorts of Queens</i>, and thus +have this omission in the Constitution rectified. Naturally +my own feeling would be to give the Prince the same title and +rank as I have, but a Titular King is a complete novelty in +this country, and might be productive of more inconveniences +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.193" id="pageiii.193"></a>[page 193]</span> +than advantages to the individual who bears it. Therefore, +upon mature reflection, and after considering the question for +nearly <i>sixteen years</i>, I have come to the conclusion that the +title which is now by universal consent given him of "Prince +Consort," with the highest rank in and out of Parliament<span class="rightnote">PRECEDENCE OF PRINCE ALBERT</span> +immediately after the Queen, and before every other Prince of +the Royal Family, should be the one assigned to the husband +of the Queen regnant <i>once and for all</i>. This ought to be done +before our children grow up, and it seems peculiarly easy to do +so <i>now</i> that none of the old branches of the Royal Family are +still alive.</p> + +<p class="ind">The present position is this: that while every British subject, +down to the Knight, Bachelor, Doctor, and Esquire, has +a rank and position by <i>Law</i>, the Queen's husband alone has +one by <i>favour</i>—and by his wife's favour, who may grant it +or not! When granted as in the present case, it does not +extend to Parliament and the Council, and the children may +deny the position which their mother has given to their father +as a usurpation over them, having the law on their side; or +if they waive their rights in his favour, he will hold a position +granted by the forbearance of his children. In both cases this +is a position most derogatory to the Queen as well as to her +husband, and most dangerous to the peace and well-being of +her family. If the children resist, the Queen will have her +husband pushed away from her side by her children, and they +will take precedence over the man whom she is bound to obey; +if they are dutiful, she will owe her peace of mind to their +continued generosity.</p> + +<p class="ind">With relation to Foreign Courts, the Queen's position is +equally humiliating in this respect. <i>Some</i> Sovereigns (crowned +heads) address her husband as "Brother," some as "Brother +and Cousin," some merely as "Cousin." When the Queen +has been abroad, her husband's position has always been a +subject of negotiation and vexation; the position which has +been accorded to him the Queen has always had to acknowledge +as a grace and favour bestowed on her by the Sovereign +whom she visited. While last year the Emperor of the French +treated the Prince as a Royal personage, his uncle declined to +come to Paris avowedly because he would not give precedence +to the Prince; and on the Rhine in 1845 the King of Prussia +could not give the place to the Queen's husband which common +civility required, because of the presence of an Archduke, +the third son of an uncle of the then reigning Emperor of +Austria, who would not give the <i>pas</i>, and whom the King +would not offend.</p> + +<p class="ind">The only legal position in Europe, according to international +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.194" id="pageiii.194"></a>[page 194]</span> +law, which the husband of the Queen of England enjoys, is +that of a younger brother of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg, and this +merely because the English law does not know of him. This +is derogatory to the dignity of the Crown of England.</p> + +<p class="ind">But <i>nationally</i> also it is an injury to the position of the Crown +that the Queen's husband should have no other title than that +of Prince of Saxe-Coburg, and thus be perpetually represented +to the country as a foreigner. "The Queen and her foreign +husband, the Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha!"</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has a right to claim that her husband should be +an Englishman, bearing an English title, and enjoying a legal +position which she has not to defend with a wife's anxiety +as a usurpation against her own children, her subjects, and +Foreign Courts.</p> + +<p class="ind">The question has often been discussed by me with different +Prime Ministers and Lord Chancellors, who have invariably +entirely agreed with me; but the wish to wait for a good +moment to bring the matter before Parliament has caused one +year after another to elapse without anything being done. +If I become <i>now</i> more anxious to have it settled, it is in order +that it should be so before our children are grown up, that it +might not appear to be done in order to guard their father's +position against them personally, which could not fail to +produce a painful impression upon their minds.</p> + +<p class="ind">If properly explained to Parliament and the country, I +cannot foresee the slightest difficulty in getting such a necessary +measure passed, particularly if it be made quite clear to +the House of Commons that it is in no way connected with a +desire to obtain an increased grant for the Prince.<sup>30</sup></p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 30: See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.197" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 197</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SABBATARIANISM</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st June 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen understands that there is an attempt to be made +to prevent the military bands from playing when the Troops +march to church on a Sunday.</p> + +<p class="ind">She is anxious to express to Lord Hardinge her very strong +feeling on this subject, and her wish that he should on <i>no</i> +account give way to such a proposal. <i>Whatever</i> has been the +custom should be firmly adhered to, and Lord Hardinge is +perfectly at liberty to make use of the Queen's name, and say +he could not bring such a proposal before her, as he knew she +would not consent to it.<sup>31</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: The custom of bands playing in the public parks on Sundays had been objected to by +various religious bodies, and in April a letter on the subject was written to Lord Palmerston +by the Archbishop of Canterbury, after which the performances were discontinued, +the Government giving way before the threat of a vote of censure. A similar movement +was made in opposition to the playing of regimental bands. See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.135" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 135</a>, note 71. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.195" id="pageiii.195"></a>[page 195]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WELLINGTON COLLEGE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd June 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I hasten to thank you for your very +kind letter of yesterday, just received. Your kind <i>question</i> +puts me into considerable perplexity, and I think I cannot +do better than by putting you in full possession of the state of +the case.</p> + +<p class="ind">Our house is very full—and it is <i>possible</i> that we may have +very shortly the visit of Prince Oscar of Sweden. These +Princes have very large <i>suites</i>, and I should therefore in such +a case be totally unable to lodge you and <i>them</i>. But there is +another reason. While Fritz Wilhelm is here, <i>every</i> spare +moment Vicky has (and <i>I</i> have, for I must chaperon this +loving couple—which takes away so much of my precious +time) is devoted to her bridegroom, who is <i>so</i> much in love, +that, even if he is out driving and walking with her, he is not +satisfied, and says he has not seen her, unless he can have her +for an hour to himself, when I am naturally bound to be acting +as chaperon. Under these circumstances I may truly say that +dear Charlotte would have very little enjoyment; she would +see very little of Vicky, <i>I could not</i> take care of her, and I fear +it would be anything but agreeable for her. Fritz Wilhelm +would besides be miserable if I took Vicky more away from +him than I already do, and therefore <i>while he</i> is here, it would +<i>not</i>, I think, be advisable that <i>Charlotte</i> should come. Could +you <i>not</i> come a little in August when the Prince and Princess +of Prussia have left us? Or would you prefer coming in +October, when we return from Scotland? You will easily +believe, dearest Uncle, <i>what</i> pleasure it gives me to see you; +but I know you will understand the reasons I here give for +begging you to delay this dear visit either to August or +October....</p> + +<p class="ind">I had a little hope that the Archduke and Charlotte <i>might</i> +take a mutual liking; it would be such a good <i>parti</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We had an interesting ceremony yesterday, the laying of the +first stone of the Wellington College—which is the monument +to the memory of the dear old Duke. Dear little Arthur +appeared for the first time in public, and I hope you will +approve my answer.<sup>32</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Now, dearest Uncle, ever your truly devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: The Queen's reply to an address presented to her, on behalf of the College, by Lord +Derby. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.196" id="pageiii.196"></a>[page 196]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th June 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen and Prince had intended to take their visitors +down to the Camp on Monday next—the <i>only day</i> which we +shall have for a fortnight free from other engagements—and +hears, to her <i>utter astonishment</i>, that <i>all</i> the troops are +gone—not +only the Militia, but the 3rd Battalion of the Rifles!—and +this without the Queen's hearing <i>one</i> word of it! The Queen +is the more astonished and annoyed, as Lord Panmure had +promised that the Militia regiments should <i>not</i> be disembodied +until there were other troops to replace them, which will not +be the case for some little time. <i>What</i> is the cause of this, +sudden determination? The Queen is much vexed, as her +visitors will not stay long, and are very anxious to visit the +Camp; and it is of much importance that Foreign Princes +should see what we have, and in what state of efficiency our +troops are.</p> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NATIONAL GALLERY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>26th June 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes Lord Palmerston will make it quite clear +to the subordinate Members of the Government that they +cannot be allowed to vote against the Government proposal +about the National Gallery to-morrow, as she hears that several +fancy themselves at liberty to do so.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i><a id="footnotetagXXV33" name="footnotetagXXV33"></a><a href="#footnoteXXV33"><sup>33</sup></a></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TITLE OF PRINCE CONSORT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>28th June 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty ... will be prepared, +as well as Lord Lyndhurst, to give his cordial support to such +a Bill as that sketched out by the Lord Chancellor; but using +that freedom which is invited by and due to the gracious confidence +reposed in him by your Majesty, he hopes he may be +pardoned for earnestly submitting to your Majesty's serious +consideration the question whether it may be expedient to +raise a discussion on such a subject during the short remainder +of the present Session of Parliament. Measures of public +importance already in progress are now beginning to be abandoned +in consequence of the advanced period of the Session, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.197" id="pageiii.197"></a>[page 197]</span> +and Lord Lyndhurst concurs very strongly in Lord Derby's +apprehensions as to the result on public feeling of the introduction +of such a measure at the present moment. If it could +be stated that your Majesty contemplated a foreign visit in the +course of the summer, which rendered it desirable that a +measure should be passed to obviate the embarrassment which +had been created on previous occasions of the same sort, some +case might be made out for immediate legislation, though even +then the question would arise why it was not thought of sooner; +but in the absence of any change of circumstances, and in the +present unfortunate temper of the House of Commons, of +which a proof was given last night, such a course would probably +lead to suspicions and remarks of the most painful character. +It would be said, and with some justice, that the +greater the constitutional importance of a settlement, the +greater was also the necessity of ample opportunity for +consideration being given to Parliament; and the hurry of +passing the Bill would be cited as a proof that it covered +some unavowed and objectionable design. If such suspicions +should lead to the postponement of the measure, not only +would the Crown have been subjected to a mortifying defeat, +but the Bill would be open to the hostile criticisms of the +Press during the whole summer and autumn, the effect of which +might even endanger its ultimate success....</p> + +<p class="ind">Should your Majesty be otherwise advised, Lord Derby will be +ready to give the Bill his personal support, but he would be +wanting in candour if he did not frankly state to your Majesty +the serious apprehensions which he should entertain as to the +result. Such an unreserved expression of his opinions is the +only and very inadequate return which he can make to your +Majesty for the gracious confidence with which your Majesty +has honoured him, and for which he feels most deeply grateful.</p> + +<p class="ind">The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty's most +dutiful Servant and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Derby</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXV33" name="footnoteXXV33"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXV33">Footnote 33:</a> The Queen had sent to Lord Derby a copy of her Memorandum, +<i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.194" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 194</a>, a letter +from Lord Palmerston to herself on the same subject, and the sketch of a Bill drawn up by +the Lord Chancellor to give effect to her wishes. On the 25th of June 1857, the title of +"Prince Consort" was conferred on Prince Albert by Royal Letters Patent. "I should +have preferred," wrote the Queen, "its being done by Act of Parliament, and so it may +still be at some future period; but it was thought better upon the whole to do it <i>now</i> in +this simple way." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Hardinge to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RETIREMENT OF LORD HARDINGE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">15 Great Stanhope Street</span>, <i>10th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Field-Marshal Viscount Hardinge,<sup>34</sup> with his most humble +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.198" id="pageiii.198"></a>[page 198]</span> +duty to your Majesty, is conscious that his power of serving +your Majesty in the high position of General Commanding-in-Chief +has ceased in consequence of the state of his health, +which leaves him no other course to pursue than that of +placing in your Majesty's hands the resignation of his office, the +duties of which his sudden and severe illness has rendered him +incapable of performing.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Hardinge cannot take this step without thanking +your Majesty for the great consideration and support which +he has at all times received at a period of no ordinary difficulty, +and which have impressed him with such sentiments of gratitude +as can only cease with his life.</p> + +<p class="ind">All of which is most humbly submitted to your Majesty by +your Majesty's dutiful and devoted Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Hardinge</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: A great review of the troops lately returned from the Crimea was held in most unfavourable +weather at Aldershot, on the 8th of July, King Leopold among others being +present; Lord Hardinge, who had brought with him the Report of the Military Commission +which had been sitting at Chelsea, was struck by paralysis during an Audience +with the Queen; the next day Lord Panmure wrote: "His leg is entirely useless, and +his right arm visibly affected. I spoke to him for a moment as he got into his carriage, +and his head is quite clear, but his public career is closed; and knowing his high mind +as I do, I would not be surprised to learn that he made a communication to that effect to +the Queen very shortly." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>10th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received the enclosed letter from Lord +Hardinge, conveying his resignation, for which she was prepared. +She asks Lord Palmerston to enable her, by the assistance +of his advice, soon to appoint a successor to the important +office of Commander-in-Chief. She has again considered the +question, and is confirmed in her opinion that the Duke of +Cambridge stands almost without a competitor.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen received yesterday evening Field-Marshal Lord +Hardinge's letter resigning his office of Commander-in-Chief. +She cannot sufficiently express how deeply grieved she is to +feel that from Lord Hardinge's state of health she must accept +his resignation. The loss of his services will be immense to +the Queen, the country, and the Army—and she trusts that +he is well assured of her high sense of the very valuable +services he has long rendered. She hopes, however, that +she may still reckon on his advice and assistance on matters +of importance, though he will no longer command her noble +Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">She cannot conclude without expressing the Prince's and her +fervent wishes that he may rapidly recover, and his valuable +life be long preserved to all his friends, amongst whom we shall +ever consider ourselves.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.199" id="pageiii.199"></a>[page 199]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE COMMANDERSHIP-IN-CHIEF</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>12th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that he has consulted with his +colleagues as to the advice to be tendered to your Majesty in +regard to the appointment of a successor to Lord Hardinge as +General Commanding-in-Chief; and upon a full consideration +of the subject, the Cabinet are of opinion that your Majesty's +choice could not fall upon any General Officer better suited +to that important position than His Royal Highness the Duke +of Cambridge, and Lord Panmure will have the honour of +taking your Majesty's pleasure upon the matter officially.</p> + +<p class="ind">It seems quite clear that there is no General Officer senior +to His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge to whom it +would in all respects be desirable to intrust the duties of the +command of the Army, and there is no General Officer below +him in seniority who has claim sufficiently strong to justify +his being preferred to His Royal Highness....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>13th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes to ask, before she sanctions this draft, +whether the Cabinet have fully considered the consequences +of this declaration to the Persians, which may be war;<sup>35</sup> and +if so, whether they are prepared to go to war with Persia, and +have provided the means of carrying it on? The draft itself +the Queen approves.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 35: The Shah, availing himself of the departure of the British Minister from Teheran, +laid siege to Herat, in direct violation of a treaty of 1853. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DUKE OF CAMBRIDGE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>21st July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... We had a delightful little +<i>séjour</i> at Aldershot—much favoured by fine weather. The +first day, Wednesday, the wind was too high for <i>me</i> to ride, but +the second (Thursday) we had one of the prettiest and <i>most</i> +interesting field days I ever remember. I rode about everywhere +and enjoyed it so much. On Thursday and Friday morning +we visited the Camp. The new Troops from the Crimea which +we saw were the 34th, 41st, and 49th, particularly fine Regiments; +the 93rd Highlanders, the 2nd Rifle Battalion, and three +Companies of splendid Sappers and Miners, all very fine; and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.200" id="pageiii.200"></a>[page 200]</span> +the Scots Greys and Enniskillen Dragoons. The Prussians<sup>36</sup> +were <i>émerveillés</i> at the looks of our Troops on returning from +the Crimea! We came here on the 18th, and have really <i>hot</i> +weather.</p> + +<p class="ind">George has been appointed Commander-in-Chief. There +was really <i>no one</i> who could have been put over him; though +in some respects it may be a weakness for the Crown, it is a +great strength for the Army....</p> + +<p class="ind">I fear I must end here for to-day. Ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 36: The Prince and Princess of Prussia were on a visit to the Queen and Prince. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>24th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and will give directions for the Council at Osborne +at one o'clock on Monday, according to your Majesty's desire; +and he would beg to submit for your Majesty's gracious consideration +that the General Commanding-in-Chief has usually +been a Privy Councillor, and that His Royal Highness the Duke +of Cambridge might, if your Majesty thought fit, be sworn in on +Monday.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston will communicate with Dr. Goodford, +but he finds that he was misled by the Headmaster and one +of the Governors of Harrow at the Speech Day; he understood +from them that an additional week's holiday would at +his request be given to the boys at this vacation in commemoration +of the Peace. He has now received a letter from +the Governors to say that the school had an additional week on +the occasion of the Peace at Easter, and that an additional +week will be given, not now, but at Christmas, in commemoration +of the laying the first stone of the new Chapel. If, therefore, +the Eton boys had an additional week at Easter in honour +of the Peace, as the Harrow boys had, there will be no reason for +any addition to the Eton holidays now....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Labouchere to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SOUTH AFRICA</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>26th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With Mr Labouchere's humble duty to Her Majesty. Mr +Labouchere begs to submit the following observations in reply +to Her Majesty's enquiries respecting the Free States in the +vicinity of the British Colonies in South Africa.</p> + +<p class="ind">There are two independent States there:—</p> + +<p class="ind">(1.) The Transvaal Republic, founded by Boers who left the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.201" id="pageiii.201"></a>[page 201]</span> +Colony for the most part from ten to fifteen years ago. The +territory on which they are established never was British. +The Government of the day, thinking it useless and impolitic +to pursue them there, entered into a capitulation with them +and recognised their independent existence. They inhabit the +plains north of the Vaal or Yellow River.</p> + +<p class="ind">(2.) The Orange River Free State. This occupies the +territory between the Vaal River to the north and the Orange +River to the south. This territory, like the former, was +occupied originally by emigrant Boers, and was beyond the +boundaries of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope. But Sir +Harry Smith, in 1849, after a severe military struggle with the +Boers, thought proper without authority from home to annex +it to British Dominion.<sup>37</sup> This annexation was ratified by Lord +Grey, and the country remained for three or four years under +British rule. Afterwards it was resolved to abandon it, during +the administration of the Duke of Newcastle, as a result of the +general revision of our affairs which took place at the conclusion +of the Kaffir War. The Orange River Territory was recognised +as a separate Republic in 1854.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is certainly true that the existence of these Free States +may complicate our relations with the Kaffirs, and possibly +be a source of danger to the security of British dominion in +South Africa. But the latter danger seems very remote. +They possess <i>no</i> portion of the sea coast, and are altogether a +pastoral people, and are engaged in a constant struggle with the +barbarous tribes in their neighbourhood.</p> + +<p class="ind">To retain and protect these territories would have involved +an immense expenditure, and been attended with great difficulties. +Besides, the same question would have speedily +recurred, as these emigrant Boers would have soon gone further +into the interior, and again have asserted their independence. +Our present relations with both these States are very amicable. +When Governor Sir George Grey went to the Cape all these +questions had been finally disposed of.<sup>38</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">There seems to be good reason to hope that the apprehensions +of a Kaffir War will not be realised. The Colony is +very prosperous, and is beginning to export wool in large +quantities. The new legislature appears to be disposed to act +harmoniously with the Governor, and to be actuated by a spirit +of loyalty and attachment to this country. What they most +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.202" id="pageiii.202"></a>[page 202]</span> +want is a supply of European settlers, which it is to be +hoped that the soldiers of the German and Swiss Legions +will give them.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 37: See <i>ante</i>, vol. ii. pp. <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142" style="font-weight: normal;">142</a> and <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200" style="font-weight: normal;">200</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 38: Sir George Grey had been sent out by the Duke of Newcastle in 1854. He had +previously been Governor of South Australia and New Zealand successively. He returned +to New Zealand as Governor in 1861, and was Premier of the Colony, 1877-1884. +He died in 1898, and was buried in St Paul's Cathedral. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FOREIGN ORDERS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>30th July 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I am much grieved to have to retract +the permission which in my letter of yesterday I said I would +give to Lord Westmorland.<sup>39</sup> When I said so, I had <i>not</i> received +the opinion of the Ministers, which I have since done, and this +is, I am sorry to say, conclusive <i>against</i> it. I quite overlooked +<i>one</i> very important case of very late date, viz. the Plenipotentiary +at Paris—on whom the Emperor pressed very hard to +confer his order in commemoration of the Peace; but it was +refused, and the Emperor was a good <i>deal hurt</i>. If <i>now</i> Lord +Westmorland received the permission, the Emperor might with +<i>right</i> complain. I am much grieved, dearest Uncle, at all this, +but it was quite unavoidable, and I was at the time much +distressed at your giving the order to Lord Westmorland as I +foresaw nothing but difficulties. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 39: King Leopold had proposed to bestow a decoration on Lord Westmorland. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>1st August 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,— ... When your excellent Ministers +will consider things coolly, which is not to be expected in this +hot weather, I am sure they will come to other conclusions. +The rule is a <i>very wise one</i>, and has been kept up even at the +time of those great congresses of Paris, Vienna, and ditto Paris +in 1815. But in cases of particular affection and feeling <i>not</i> +connected with politics, there have been during the reigns of +George IV. and William IV. exceptions. The Duke of Devonshire +was sent to the Coronation, I think, of the Emperor +Nicholas, because one knew the Emperor liked him. And he +has worn ever since that diamond star of the St Andrew of the +largest dimensions.</p> + +<p class="ind">Our Napoleon is too wise not to understand that a treaty +has a direct political character. And, during the next fifty +years of your glorious reign, there will be most probably a great +many more treaties and congresses. You may get all sorts of +things during that time, but you cannot either by the power of +heaven or of earth get a new uncle, who has kept his word +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.203" id="pageiii.203"></a>[page 203]</span> +twenty-five years; rather an undertaking considering circumstances.... +I remain, my dearest Victoria, your devoted +Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">On Board the</span> <i>Victoria and Albert</i>,</p> +<p class="rindent1"><i>14th August 1856</i>.</p> + + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—You will be surprised to get a letter so +soon again from me, and still more on <i>so</i> trivial a subject, but I +come as a petitioner for a supply of the cakes or <i>Oblaten</i> which +you kindly always send me, but which have come to a dead +<i>stop</i>, having been too rapidly consumed; <i>all</i> the children having +taken to eat them. As I am not a very good breakfast eater, +they are often the <i>only</i> things I <i>can</i> take at that time, and +consequently I miss them much. May I therefore beg them +to be sent?</p> + +<p class="ind">We are still here; profiting by the <i>bad</i> sea, to visit many +beautiful <i>points de vue</i> in this really beautiful country. We +saw yesterday one of the loveliest places possible—<i>Endsleigh</i>—the +Duke of Bedford's, about twenty miles from here.</p> + +<p class="ind">The weather is so bad, and it blows so hard, that we shall +go back to Southampton to-morrow by railroad—a beautiful +line which we have never seen. I must close in haste. Ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We went to Saltram, Lord Morley's, this afternoon.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to Queen Victoria.</i><a id="footnotetagXXV40" name="footnotetagXXV40"></a><a href="#footnoteXXV40"><sup>40</sup></a></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD GRANVILLE'S MISSION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Moscow</span>, <i>30th August 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs, according to your Majesty's desire, to submit to your +Majesty the impressions which he has received during the +short time of his stay in this country.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE CZAR ALEXANDER</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Granville's conversation with the Emperor of Russia, +and what he has heard from various reliable sources, have +led him to the following conclusions respecting His Imperial +Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">He is handsome, but thinner and graver than when he was in +England. When speaking with energy to Lord Granville his +manner seemed to be rather an imitation of some one else than +his own, and he did not look Lord Granville in the face. His +usual manner is singularly gentle and pleasing. He does not +give the idea of having much strength either of intellect or of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.204" id="pageiii.204"></a>[page 204]</span> +character, but looks intelligent and amiable. Although the +education of a Cæsarwitch must be subject to pernicious +influences, the present Emperor has had advantages which +those in his position have not usually had. The Emperor +Nicholas came to the throne without having had the confidences +of his predecessor. He initiated his son into everything +that was going on, while others who knew the good-nature of +the Grand Duke Alexander's character, told him that which +they did not tell his father. He was supposed to have different +tastes from the late Emperor, but, since the death of the latter, +he has liked the late Emperor's favourite residence which he +himself had formerly disliked, he has taken to all the military +pursuits of his father, and is said to have shown undignified +haste in issuing regulations about, and in appearing in, new +uniforms. He is liked by those who surround him, but is +blamed for not having those habits of punctuality and of quick +decision in business which characterised the late Emperor.</p> + +<p class="ind">There is still much talk of stimulants to be applied by His +Imperial Majesty to commerce and to the development of the +resources of the country.... There are persons, however, here +well qualified to judge, who doubt whether much more will +be performed than has formerly been done, after brilliant +promises at the beginning of a reign. His Imperial Majesty is +not supposed to have that power of will which will enable him +to deal with the mass of corruption which pervades every class +in this country. The Empress,<a id="footnotetagXXV41" name="footnotetagXXV41"></a><a href="#footnoteXXV41"><sup>41</sup></a> a woman of sense and ability, +is believed to have great influence with her husband when he is +with her, but he is generally guided by the person who speaks +last to him before he acts—and His Imperial Majesty has not +the talent of surrounding himself with able men. His Ministers +certainly do not appear to be men of that remarkable intellect +as have been usually supposed to be employed by the Court +of St Petersburg. Count Orloff is stated to have but little +influence, and to have lost his former activity. Prince Gortschakoff +is clever in society, of easy conversation and some +smartness in repartee. He is vain, a great talker, and indiscreet. +It is difficult to keep him to the point. He flies about +from one thing to another, and he is so loose in his talk, that +the repetition of isolated phrases might lead to impressions of +his meaning, which would not be correct....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Serf Question is admitted by all to be of a very difficult +character, and will become more so as the wealth of the country +increases. Indeed when that state of things occurs, it is more +than likely that popular movements will take place, and it is +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.205" id="pageiii.205"></a>[page 205]</span> +frightful to consider the immediate results of a revolution in a +country organised as this is at present. No country in Europe +will furnish so fair a chance of success to Socialism. The reins +of Government were held so tight during the last reign, that even +the relaxation which now exists is not altogether without danger.</p> +<span class="rightnote">CORONATION OF THE CZAR</span> +<p class="ind">The preparations for the Coronation are on an immense scale. +The present estimate of the expenses is £1,000,000; the last +Coronation cost half that sum; the Coronation of Alexander, +£150,000; while that of the Emperor Paul did not exceed +£50,000. The military household of the present Emperor +consists of one hundred and twenty generals—that of Nicholas, +at the beginning of his reign, consisted of twenty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty is spoken of by the Emperor and by the Society +here with the greatest respect. Lord and Lady Granville have +met with nothing but remarkable civility from all classes.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville has had great pleasure in seeing His Royal +Highness Prince Frederick William of Prussia in such good +health and spirits. His only anxiety was an interval of fourteen +days during which His Royal Highness did not hear from +England. That anxiety has been relieved by a letter received +to-day. Lord Granville ventures to request your Majesty to +present his respectful remembrances to the Princess Royal with +his congratulations at Her Royal Highness's complete recovery. +Lord Granville begs to advise Her Royal Highness, when residing +abroad, not to engage a Russian maid. Lady Wodehouse +found hers eating the contents of a pot on her dressing-table—it +happened to be castor oil pomatum for the hair.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville has been requested to convey to your Majesty +and to His Royal Highness Prince Albert the Prince of Nassau's +expressions of devotion and respect. The atmosphere +in which His Highness at present resides does not appear to +have had much influence on His Highness's opinions.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXV40" name="footnoteXXV40"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXV40">Footnote 40:</a> Lord Granville was appointed head of a special mission, with the temporary rank of +Ambassador, to attend the Coronation of the Czar Alexander.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXV41" name="footnoteXXV41"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXV41">Footnote 41:</a> Marie Alexandrovna, formerly the Princess Marie of Hesse, daughter of the Grand +Duke Louis II. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CHURCH APPOINTMENTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St Leonards</span>, <i>6th September 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to submit for your Majesty's gracious +approval that Dr Tait, Dean of Carlisle, should be appointed +Bishop of London with a clear explanation to him that the +Diocese will probably be divided into two—one of London and +one of Westminster.</p> + +<p class="ind">That the Bishop of Ripon<sup>42</sup> should be appointed Bishop of +Durham, with a like explanation that the Diocese of Durham +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.206" id="pageiii.206"></a>[page 206]</span> +may possibly be divided into two—one for Durham and one +for Northumberland.</p> + +<p class="ind">That the Dean of Hereford<sup>43</sup> should be appointed Bishop of +Ripon; and that Dr Trench<sup>44</sup> be appointed Dean of Westminster +with the condition that he is not to receive any fees or +emoluments arising out of appointments of Knights of the Bath.</p> + +<p class="ind">Dr Trench is a man of the world and of literature, and would +in those respects be well suited to be Dean of Westminster, and +if his tendencies are, as some persons suppose, rather towards +High Church opinions, his position as Dean would not afford +him any particular means of making those opinions prevail; +while his appointment would show that the patronage of the +Crown was not flowing exclusively in one direction.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston will, on another occasion, submit to +your Majesty the names of persons for the Deaneries of Hereford +and Carlisle.<sup>45</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 42: Charles Thomas Longley (1774-1868) became Bishop of Durham 1856, Archbishop +of York 1860, and Archbishop of Canterbury 1862.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 43: Richard Dawes, who became Dean in 1850, and restored the Cathedral. He did not +become Bishop of Ripon; Robert Bickersteth, a Canon of Salisbury, being eventually +appointed. See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.217" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 217</a>, note 60.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 44: Richard Chenevix Trench (1807-1886), Archbishop of Dublin from 1864-1884.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 45: Francis Close (1797-1882), Rector of Cheltenham, succeeded Dr Tait as Dean of +Carlisle. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Cambridge to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Palace</span>, <i>17th September 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Cousin</span>,—This morning the reply from Baden +reached me, and I hasten to inform you at once of the purport +of it, embodied in a very excellent letter written by my sister +Mary, who <i>declines</i> the proposal made to her on the part of the +King of Sardinia, for some very excellent and weighty reasons.<sup>46</sup></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.207" id="pageiii.207"></a>[page 207]</span> + +<p class="ind">I must confess that I fully agree with her in the view she has +taken, and, I can say with truth, that I think her decision is a +very judicious and very correct one, and I am not at all sorry +she has come to it. As I know that Clarendon was very anxious +to have an early reply, I have in the first instance sent Mary's +letter on to him, and have requested him, after perusing it, to +send it on to you, and I hope you will not think that I have +been wanting in respect to you in so doing. With many +thanks to you for your great kindness in having left the decision +of this weighty matter entirely in our hands, I beg to remain, +my dear Cousin, your most dutiful Cousin,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">George</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 46: The King had, in January 1855, lost his consort, Queen Marie Adélaïde, daughter of +the Archduke Rénier of Austria. Lord Clarendon wrote to Baron Marochetti:—...</p> + +<p class="note1">"The Queen's first care was for the happiness of Princess Mary, and it was the wish of +Her Majesty and of Her Majesty's Government that the decision should be left to the +unbiassed judgment of Her Royal Highness.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Princess Mary, having maturely weighed the matter in all its different bearings, has +come to the conclusion that it is her duty as regards both the King of Sardinia and herself +to decline the offer, which you were empowered to make on the part of His Majesty.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Princess Mary fully appreciates the many excellent and noble qualities of the King. +She does not doubt that in him individually she would be happy, and she thinks that the +alliance would be popular in England; but Her Royal Highness feels that as the Protestant +Queen of Sardinia she must be in a false position, and that a wife can never find herself +thus placed without injury to her husband.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Princess Mary is deeply attached to her religion, which is the first consideration in +this world, and in the free and undisturbed exercise of that religion, however much it +might be sanctioned by the King, and supported by His Majesty's Government, she +feels that she would be the object of constant suspicion, that her motives would be liable +to misconstruction, and that the King would be exposed to grave embarrassments, which +time would only serve to increase.</p> + +<p class="note1">"I am not surprised at this decision, which, from my knowledge of Princess Mary's +profound religious feeling, I rather led you to anticipate; but I am bound to say that +with reference to her religion, and with reference to that alone, Her Royal Highness has, +in my opinion, decided with wisdom and foresight.</p> + +<p class="note1">"I am convinced, however, that in renouncing upon conscientious grounds the brilliant +position which has been offered to her, of which she fully appreciated the advantages, +Princess Mary can only have added to the respect which the King already feels for the +noble and elevated character of Her Royal Highness." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE KING OF PORTUGAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>19th September 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I cannot have your kind and confidential +letter of the 15th answered, and therefore write to-day +to thank you for it. You may rely on our divulging nothing. +We are, however, both very anxious that dear Pedro should be +preferred.<sup>47</sup> He is out and out <i>the</i> most distinguished young +Prince there is, and besides that, good, excellent, and steady +according to one's heart's desire, and as one could wish for an +<i>only and beloved daughter</i>. For Portugal, too, an <i>amiable</i>, +well-educated Queen would be an immense blessing, for there +<i>never</i> has been one. I am sure you would be more likely to +secure Charlotte's happiness if you gave her to Pedro than to +one of those innumerable Archdukes, or to Prince George of +Saxony. Pedro should, however, be written to, if you were +favourably inclined towards him.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must end now, hoping soon to hear from you again. Pedro +is <i>just</i> nineteen; he can therefore well wait till he has completed +his twentieth year. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 47: Both the Queen and King Leopold were desirous of arranging a marriage between +King Pedro and the Princess Charlotte, which, however, did not take place. See <i>post</i> +pp. <a href="#pageiii.211" style="font-weight: normal;">211</a>, <a href="#pageiii.234" style="font-weight: normal;">234</a>, note 19, +and <a href="#pageiii.332" style="font-weight: normal;">332</a>, note 35. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Empress of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RUSSIAN PROCRASTINATION</span> + +<p class="ind">[<i>Draft.</i>]<sup>48</sup></p> + +<p class="indright"><i>Septembre 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Je regrette autant que V.M.I. les divergences existantes +entre les vues de nos deux Gouvernements au sujet du Traité +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.208" id="pageiii.208"></a>[page 208]</span> +de Paris.<sup>49</sup> [Il est impossible pour nous cependant de céder +aux Russes les demandes qu'ils mettent en avant, seulement +parcequ'elles sont soutenues par la France. Le fait est que] +Ma manière d'envisager la situation actuelle est celle-ci: les +Russes ne cessent de suivre la même politique dès le commencement +de la complication Orientale jusqu'à présent. +Ils cèdent où la force majeure les y contraint, mais tâchent +de se réserver par des chicanes ou subterfuges les moyens de +reprendre à un temps plus opportun leurs attaques sur l'indépendance +et l'intégrité de cette pauvre Turquie. [Nous +au contraire sommes déterminés.] La France et l'Angleterre +au contraire ont manifesté leur détermination de la sauver et +de l'assurer contre ces attaques. C'était là la cause de la guerre; +c'était là le but de la paix; mon Gouvernement n'oserait le +sacrifier vis-à-vis de mon peuple par complaisance envers +l'Empereur de Russie. Un coup d'oeil sur la Carte, par +exemple, démontre qu'en détruisant Ismail, Kilia, etc., etc. +[(acte auquel nous ne venons qu'à présent d'apprendre que +la France avait donné son assentiment à notre insu)] la Russie +a privé l'aile droite de la nouvelle ligne de frontière de toute +défense; tandis qu'en substituant le nouveau Bolgrad à +celui connu au Congrès elle pousserait un point stratégique +au centre, couperait la partie cédée de la Bessarabie du reste +de l'Empire Ottoman, et se mettrait à même de devenir de +nouveau maîtresse de la rive gauche du Danube, quand elle +le voudra. Comme dans ce cas [nous] nos deux pays sont +tenus par Traité à reprendre les armes, il me paraît de notre +devoir à prévenir de tels dangers. Ces dangers seront écartés +à l'instant que la France s'unira à nous pour tenir un langage +ferme à la Russie, qui tâche de nous désunir et il ne faut pas +qu'elle y réussisse.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je vous exprime là toute ma pensée, sachant que l'Empereur +attend une franchise entière de son amie, convaincue aussi, +que si son opinion diffère de la mienne, c'est dû au moins +d'importance qu'il attache peut-être aux points en dispute +avec la Russie, et à un sentiment de générosité envers un +ennemi vaincu, auquel il me serait doux de m'abandonner +avec lui, si je pouvais le faire de manière à concilier les intérêts +de la Turquie et de l'Europe.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 48: This is the original draft, which appears to have been modified later by the omission +of the sentences in brackets.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 49: The Treaty had involved the restitution of the fortress and district of Kars to Turkey. +The Russians, however, delayed the stipulated evacuation in an unwarrantable manner. +Ismail also was included within the portion of Bessarabia to be ceded to Turkey, but, +instead of surrendering it intact, the Russians destroyed its fortifications; they also laid +claim to Serpent's Island at the mouth of the Danube, which was within the ceded portion, +and of Bolgrad, the future ownership of which was, owing to the inaccuracies of maps, +in dispute. The English Government sent a fleet to the Black Sea to enforce the obligations +of the Treaty, while the French Government seemed to make unnecessary concessions +to Russia. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.209" id="pageiii.209"></a>[page 209]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ALTERATIONS SUGGESTED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Taymouth</span>, <i>21st September 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly ventures to express his opinion that the Empress +might think the tone of your Majesty's letter rather too severe. +It is by no means severe, but perfectly just and true as regards +the conduct of Russia and France, and on that very account +it might wound the <i>amour-propre</i> of the Emperor.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon ventures to suggest the omission of the +second sentence beginning by "<i>il est impossible</i>," and of the +parenthesis at the bottom of the second page.<sup>50</sup> In the concluding +sentence it might perhaps be better to say "<i>la France +et l'Angleterre</i>" instead of "<i>nous</i>," which would possibly +be taken as an announcement of separate action. Your +Majesty might perhaps think it right to add after the last +words "<i>tels dangers</i>"—"<i>ces dangers seront écartés à l'instant +que la France s'unira à nous pour tenir un langage ferme à +la Russie qui tâche de nous désunir et il ne faut</i> <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original indistinct (a s)"><i>pas</i></ins> <i>qu'elle y +réussisse</i>."<sup>51</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: <i>I.e.</i> the passage from "acte auquel" to "notre insu."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 51: The Prince wrote in reply to this letter: "The draft of letter to the Empress of the +French has been altered in every particular as you suggest, and I will send you a corrected +copy of it by to-morrow." See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.213" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 213</a>, note 54. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Cambridge.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>22nd September 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear George</span>,—I waited to thank you for your letter +of the 17th till I had received Mary's from Lord Clarendon, +which I did yesterday morning, and which I now return to +you. It is admirably written, and does dear Mary the greatest +credit; she puts it on the <i>right</i> ground, viz. that of the <i>Protestant +feeling</i> which should <i>always</i> actuate our family, and +to this we <i>now must</i> keep. It <i>effectually</i> closes, however, +the door to <i>all Catholic</i> proposals—whether from Kings or +Princes, which makes matters easier.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must say, however, that I think it very wrong of <i>certain</i> +ladies to have spoken of Mary's feelings and wishes on the +subject, which has no doubt encouraged the idea when they +had no reason for doing so.</p> + +<p class="ind">I am very glad that the decision has been so entirely dear +Mary's own, and that <i>she is</i> convinced of my anxious wish +for her happiness and welfare—which I have as much at +heart as if she were my own sister.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is very necessary, however, that <i>not</i> a word should be +breathed of this whole affair, and I trust that you will caution +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.210" id="pageiii.210"></a>[page 210]</span> +your mother and sisters and their relations to be very silent +on the subject, as it would be otherwise very offensive to +the King.</p> + +<p class="ind">With Albert's love, ever your very affectionate Cousin,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscountess Hardinge.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF LORD HARDINGE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>26th September 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lady Hardinge</span>,—Where can I find words to +express to you our <i>deep heartfelt</i> sorrow at the sad and totally +unexpected news conveyed to us by telegraph yesterday.<sup>52</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">My first thought was for you, dear Lady Hardinge, whose +whole existence was so completely bound up in <i>his</i>, that this +blow must be awful indeed. We feel <i>truly</i> and sincerely what +we, and the country, have lost in your dear, high-minded, +noble husband, whose <i>only</i> thought was <i>his duty</i>. A more +loyal, devoted, fearless public servant the Crown never possessed. +His loss to <i>me</i> is one of those which in our times is +quite <i>irreparable</i>. Added to all this we have ever had <i>such</i> +a true affection and personal friendship for dear Lord Hardinge, +and know how warmly these feelings were requited. <i>All</i> +who had the pleasure of knowing him must ever remember +his benevolent smile and kind eye.</p> + +<p class="ind">But I speak of ourselves and of what we have lost, when +I <i>ought</i> only to express <i>our</i> sympathy with <i>you</i>, in your +present +overwhelming loss, but I could not restrain my pen, and the +expression of our feelings may perhaps be soothing to your +bleeding heart.</p> + +<p class="ind">Most truly also do we sympathise with your children.</p> + +<p class="ind">Pray do not think of answering this yourself, but let us +hear through your son or daughter how you are. Ever, dear +Lady Hardinge, with the sincerest regard and truest sympathy, +yours affectionately,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 52: Lord Hardinge, who had only temporarily rallied from the stroke he had received +at Aldershot, died on the 24th. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ARCHDUKE MAXIMILIAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>10th October 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—Since your kind letter of the 2nd +I have not had any communications from you. I can well +understand that it grieves you to leave the Highlands. It +is not a great proof of the happiness of human kind, that all +love to be elsewhere than at the place where their real residence +is, notwithstanding all songs of home sweet home, etc. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.211" id="pageiii.211"></a>[page 211]</span> +I plead quite guilty to this, though I used to be much attached +to my old home at Coburg and to Claremont. That the +weather should have been unfavourable is a great pity; here +we have had a most beautiful and mild weather till the 8th, +when a severe thunderstorm put an end to it.</p> + +<p class="ind">Poor Lord Hardinge! I believe after all, though all these +people pretend <i>not</i> to mind it, that the Press killed him. I +once told Lady Maryborough and the late Duchess of Wellington +that it was fortunate the Duke cared so little for the Press. +"Care little," they said; "why, nothing annoys and irritates +him more." I find it natural; doing one's best, working +with all one's nerves, and to be abused for it, is not pleasant.</p> + +<p class="ind">To explain the real state of dear Charlotte's affair I enclose +the only copy of my letter which exists, and pray you kindly +to send it me back. My object is and was that Charlotte +should decide as <i>she</i> likes it, and uninfluenced by what I might +prefer. <i>I</i> should <i>prefer</i> Pedro, that I confess, but the +Archduke<sup>53</sup> +has made a favourable impression on Charlotte; I +saw that long before any question of engagement had taken +place. The Archduke is out at sea, and nothing can well be +heard before the 25th of this month. If the thing takes +place the Emperor ought to put him at the head of Venice; +he is well calculated for it.</p> + +<p class="ind">I am going on the 15th to Ardenne for a week. I have +been since that revolution of 1848 kept away from it almost +entirely, compared to former days. And now, with my best +love to Albert, I must end, remaining ever, my dearest Victoria, +your truly devoted and only Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 53: The Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph of Austria, afterwards Emperor of +Mexico. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>13th October 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I am truly thankful for your kind +letter and the very confidential enclosure which I return, and +which has interested us both very much, and is truly kind and +paternal. I <i>still hope</i> by your letter that Charlotte has not +finally made up her mind—as we both feel so strongly convinced +of the immense superiority of Pedro over any other +young Prince even <i>dans les relations journalistes</i>, besides which +the position is so infinitely preferable. The Austrian society +is <i>médisante</i> and profligate and worthless—and the Italian +possessions very shaky. Pedro is full of resource—fond of +music, fond of drawing, of languages, of natural history, and +literature, in all of which Charlotte would suit him, and would +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.212" id="pageiii.212"></a>[page 212]</span> +be a <i>real</i> benefit to the country. If Charlotte asked <i>me</i>, I +should not hesitate a moment, as I would give any of my +own daughters to him were he not a Catholic; and if Charlotte +consulted her friend Vicky I know what <i>her</i> answer would +be as she is so very fond of Pedro.</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>14th.</i>—I could not finish last night, and so continue to-day. +I shall be most anxious to hear from you about Charlotte, +when a <i>final</i> decision has been taken.</p> + +<p class="ind">Since the 6th we have the <i>most beautiful weather</i>—with +the country in the <i>most</i> brilliant beauty—but <i>not</i> the bracing +weather which did one so much good; yesterday and to-day +it is <i>quite</i> warm and relaxing. Albert has continued to have +wonderful sport; not only has he killed seven more stags +since I wrote, but the finest, largest stags in the whole neighbourhood—or +indeed killed in almost any forest!...</p> + +<p class="ind">Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MILITARY EFFICIENCY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Panmure's two boxes of the +4th. She is glad to hear that the Military and the Defence +Committees of the Cabinet are to be reassembled. The +absence of all plans for our defences is a great evil, and hardly +credible. There should exist a well-considered general scheme +for each place supported by a detailed argument; this when +approved by the Government, should be sanctioned and +signed by the Sovereign, and not deviated from except upon +resubmission and full explanation of the causes which render +such deviation necessary; no special work should be undertaken +which does not realise part of this general scheme. +The Queen trusts that Lord Panmure will succeed in effecting +this.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is very much to be regretted that so few of the soldiers +of the German Legion should have accepted the liberal terms +of the Government. Those should, however, be made to +sail soon.</p> + +<p class="ind">The returns of the different Departments for the last quarter +show a lamentable deficiency in small arms. Fifty-two +thousand three hundred and twenty-two for the whole of +the United Kingdom is a sadly small reserve to have in store; +we should never be short of 500,000. The Queen was struck +also with the little work done at Enfield. It appears that +during the whole quarter this new and extensive establishment +has completed only three muskets!</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to some of the barracks, the tenders have not +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.213" id="pageiii.213"></a>[page 213]</span> +even yet been accepted, although the year is nearly drawing +to a close. The Queen hopes soon to receive the returns for +the Fortification Department, which is fully two months in +arrear....</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the list for the Bath, the Queen is somewhat +startled by the large number. Before sanctioning it, she +thinks it right to ask for an explanation of the services of the +officers, and the reasons for which they are selected for the +honour. She returns the list for that purpose to Lord Panmure, +who will perhaps cause the statement to be attached +to each name. This, of course, does not apply to the foreigners. +Amongst the Sardinians, however, the Queen observes the +absence of the names of the Military Commissioners attached +first to Lord Raglan and afterwards to General Simpson. +The first was a Count Revel, who has frequently applied for +the honour, and the Queen thinks ought to have it.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND RUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>10th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty, and humbly +begs to transmit a letter from the Empress which was left +here this afternoon by M. de Persigny, who also left a despatch +from Count Walewski, of which Lord Clarendon begs to +transmit a copy.<sup>54</sup> It is a most unsatisfactory result of all +the tripotage that has been going on, as it is an invitation +<i>pur et simple</i> to reassemble the conference with Prussia, and +to abide by the decision of the majority.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon is to see M. de Persigny to-morrow morning.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 54: Count Walewski had written to Count Persigny: "The communications which I +have received give us cause to fear that Her Majesty's Government may persist in declining +the proposal to reassemble the Conference.... We only know of five Powers which +have had an opportunity to express an opinion on the point at issue.... It appears +that Sardinia has not yet formed her decision. We cannot therefore foresee in what sense +the majority will pronounce, and it is evident to us that the reunion will realise the object +desired, that of bringing on a decision which cannot be questioned by any one, seeing +that it will have been obtained by the concurrence of the Representatives of all the +Powers." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Empress of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NEUCHÂTEL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Compiègne</span>, <i>le 7 Novembre 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et très chère Sœur</span>,—Je viens après plus de +deux mois m'excuser près de votre Majesté d'une faute bien +involontaire; par quelques mots que Persigny m'a dit j'ai +cru comprendre que votre Majesté s'étonnait que je ne lui +eusse pas écrit en réponse à sa lettre. La seule crainte d'ennuyer +votre Majesté m'a empêché de le faire, je croyais d'ailleurs +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.214" id="pageiii.214"></a>[page 214]</span> +que vous n'aviez pas besoin d'assurances sur la bonne +foi et surtout sur la bonne volonté de l'Empereur.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'espère que grâce à Dieu tous les petits différens qui ont +surgi dans ces derniers temps s'aplaniront, car c'est l'intérêt +des deux pays, et le vœu le plus cher que nous puissions former.<sup>55</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">L'Empereur a été bien peiné d'apprendre les fausses suppositions +auxquelles out donné lieu un désaccord momentaire; +il n'aurait jamais supposé que le désir de maintenir un engagement +pris peut-être même trop à la hâte, mais dont un honnête +homme ne peut se départir ait pu faire croire que l'alliance +avec votre Majesté ne lui était pas tout aussi chère et tout +aussi précieuse qu'auparavant; il est heureux de penser +que la réunion de la conférence sera un moyen de tout arranger, +puisque l'opinion de la Sardaigne n'était pas encore connue; +elle créera par sa voix une majorité, et le Gouvernement +français ne faisant rien pour influencer l'opinion du Piémont, +le cabinet de votre Majesté peut sans concession accepter +cette combinaison. Je ne saurais assez dire combien pour +ma part je suis tourmentée, car je voudrais partout et en tout +voir nos deux pays marcher d'accord et surtout quand ils ont +le même but. Nous sommes à Compiègne depuis trois semaines, +l'Empereur chasse souvent, ce qui l'amuse beaucoup +et lui fait beaucoup de bien...</p> + +<p class="ind">L'Empereur me charge de le mettre aux pieds de votre +Majesté. Je la prie en même temps de ne point nous oublier +auprès du Prince Albert, et vous, Madame, croyez au tendre +attachement que [je] vous ai voué et avec lequel je suis, Madame +et très chère Sœur, de votre Majesté la toute dévouée Sœur,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Eugénie</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 55: Besides the complications arising out of the procrastination of Russia, in carrying out +the Treaty of Paris, an international difficulty had lately arisen in Switzerland. A rising, +professedly in defence of the hereditary interests of the King of Prussia, took place in +the Canton of Neuchâtel, but was suppressed, and some of the insurgents taken prisoners +by the Republican Government. The King of Prussia virtually expressed his approval +of the movement by claiming the liberation of the prisoners, and his action was, to some +extent, countenanced by the French Emperor. The matter was finally adjusted in 1857. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">M. DE PERSIGNY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>11th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to transmit the letters which arrived yesterday +together with a copy of Count Walewski's despatch.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon begs to return his thanks to your Majesty +for allowing him to see the Empress's letter.... The letter +does not seem to require an answer at present.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon had a conversation of two hours this morning +with M. de Persigny, who fought all his battles o'er again, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.215" id="pageiii.215"></a>[page 215]</span> +but did not say much beyond what Lord Cowley had reported. +He is quite sure that the Emperor is as staunch as ever to +the Alliance, and that he believes all his own personal interests +as well as those of France are bound up with England. He +said, too, that the Empress was not the least taken in by the +flatteries of Russia, which she estimates at their <i>juste valeur</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">M. de Persigny seems to have performed an act of painful +duty and rather of true devotion, by giving the Empress some +advice about her own conduct and the fate she was preparing +for herself if she was not more properly mindful of her position +and the obligations it entails. Lord Clarendon has seldom +heard anything more eloquent or more touching than the +language of M. de Persigny in describing what he said to the +Empress, who appears to have taken it in the best part, and +to have begun acting upon the advice the next day. M. de +Persigny has no doubt that Count Walewski will soon be +removed from his present office, and will be <i>promoted to St. +Petersburg</i>, but Lord Clarendon will wait to believe this until +it is a <i>fait accompli</i>, as it is more likely than not that when +M. de Persigny is no longer on the spot to urge the Emperor, +Count Walewski will resume his influence.</p> + +<p class="ind">Count Walewski's despatch made a very unfavourable impression +upon the Cabinet, who were of opinion that upon +such an invitation and such slender assurances respecting the +course that Sardinia might take, we ought not to give up our +solid and often repeated objections to reassembling the Congress—at +all events it was considered that we ought to have a +positive answer from Turin before we gave a final answer....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SIR ALEXANDER COCKBURN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>13th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Sir Alexander Cockburn<sup>56</sup> +accepts the office of Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, but +expresses a strong wish not altogether to be shut out from +Parliamentary functions. His health, which has frequently +interfered with his attendance in the House of Commons, +makes him feel uncertain as to the future, and he is not desirous +of being immediately placed in the House of Lords, but he +would be glad to be allowed to look forward to such a favour +from your Majesty at some future time if he should find his +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.216" id="pageiii.216"></a>[page 216]</span> +health stand sufficiently good to give him a fair prospect of +being useful in the House of Lords. He says that with the +Baronetcy of an uncle he will succeed to an estate of £5,000 a +year, independent of what he has realised by his own professional +exertions; and that consequently there would be a +provision for a Peerage. Viscount Palmerston begs to submit +for your Majesty's gracious approval that such a prospect +might be held out to Sir Alexander Cockburn. The Chancellor +and Lord Lansdowne and Lord Granville concur with Viscount +Palmerston in thinking that much public advantage would +arise from the presence of both Sir Alexander Cockburn, and of +the Master of the Rolls,<sup>57</sup> in the House of Lords, and there are +numerous precedents for the Chief Justice of the Common +Pleas, and for the Master of the Rolls being Peers of Parliament.<sup>58</sup> +Their judicial duties would no doubt prevent them +from sitting in the morning on appeal cases, but their presence +in the evening in debates in which the opinions and learning +of men holding high positions in the legal profession would be +required, could not fail to be of great public advantage. Of +course any expectation to be held out to Sir Alexander Cockburn +would for the present be a confidential and private +communication to himself....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 56: Sir Alexander Cockburn's parliamentary success dated from his speech in the Don +Pacifico debate; see <i>ante</i>, vol. ii, p. <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252" style="font-weight: normal;">252</a>, note 23. +He was made Solicitor-General shortly +after, and then Attorney-General, being reappointed to the latter office in the end of +1852. He had defended both McNaghten and Pate for attacks on the Queen's person. +The uncle whom he soon afterwards succeeded as baronet was now Dean of York.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 57: Sir John Romilly, created a peer in 1866.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 58: <i>E.g.</i>, Lord Eldon in the former office; Lord Langdale in the latter. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PRINCE CHARLES OF LEININGEN </span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>21st November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—On Vicky's sixteenth birthday I +cannot write on black-edged paper, it looks too gloomy, and +I begin by wishing you joy on this day, with the sincere hope +that it will also <i>dans l'avenir</i> prove to you one of satisfaction +and happiness. I must now turn to your kind and affectionate +letter of the 19th. I was sure that your warm heart would +feel deeply the loss we have sustained.<sup>59</sup> You must, however, +remember that you were ever a most affectionate sister, and +that Charles was fully aware and most grateful for these your +kind and sisterly sentiments. The real blow was last year; +if that could have been mitigated, life might have been preserved +under tolerable circumstances. As things, however, +proceeded, if the present attack could have been warded off, +Charles's existence would have been one of the most awful +suffering, particularly for one whose mental disposition was +quick and lively. Your sentiments on this occasion do +you honour; it is by feelings like those you express that evidently +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.217" id="pageiii.217"></a>[page 217]</span> +<i>der Anknüpfungspunkt</i> with a future life must be looked +for, and that alone with such sentiments we can show ourselves +fit for such an existence.</p> + +<p class="ind">For your precious health we must now claim that you will +not permit your imagination to dwell too much on the very +melancholy picture of the last moments of one whom you +loved, however natural it may be, and however difficult it is +to dismiss such ideas.</p> + +<p class="ind">Feo feels all this in a most beautiful and truly pious way. +It is strange that November should be so full of sad anniversaries. +I can well understand what Vicky must have suffered, +as it could not be expected that Fritz Wilhelm could quite +understand her grief....</p> + +<p class="ind">Now I must leave you, remaining ever, my beloved Victoria, +your truly devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">My best love to Albert.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 59: The Queen's half-brother, Prince Charles of Leiningen, had died on the 13th. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>24th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves the recommendation of Mr Bickersteth<sup>60</sup> +for the vacant Bishopric of Ripon, but she cannot disguise +from herself that however excellent a man Mr Bickersteth may +be, his appointment will be looked upon as a strong party one, +as he is one of the leaders of the Low Church Party; but +perhaps Lord Palmerston may be able in the case of possible +future appointments to remove any impression of the Church +patronage running unduly towards party extremes.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 60: Mr Bickersteth (a nephew of Lord Langdale, a former Master of the Rolls) was then +Rector of St Giles'. Lord Palmerston had written that he thought him well qualified +for a diocese "full of manufacturers, clothier-workmen, Methodists, and Dissenters." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S GRIEF</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th November 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I was again prevented from writing +to you yesterday as I intended, by multitudinous letters, etc. +I therefore come only to-day with my warmest thanks for your +most kind, feeling, and sympathising letter of the 23rd, which +I <i>felt deeply</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Poor dear Charles, I loved him <i>tenderly</i> and <i>dearly</i>, and feel +every day <i>more</i> how impossible it is that the great blank caused +by his loss should <i>ever</i> be filled up, and how <i>impossible it is to +realise</i> the dreadful thought that I shall never see his dear, +dear face again in this world! All the accounts of his peaceful +death, of his fine and touching funeral, seem to me to be the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.218" id="pageiii.218"></a>[page 218]</span> +descriptions of <i>another person's</i> death and burial—not poor +dear Charles's.</p> + +<p class="ind">Don't fear for my health, it is particularly good—and <i>grief</i> +never seems to affect it; little worries and annoyances fret +and irritate me, but <i>not great</i> or sad events. And I <i>derive</i> +benefit and <i>relief</i> both in my body and soul in <i>dwelling</i> on the +sad object which is <i>the</i> one which fills my heart! The having to +think and talk of other and indifferent things (I mean <i>not</i> business +so much) is very trying to my nerves, and does me harm.</p> + +<p class="ind">Vicky is well again, and the young couple seem really very +fond of each other. We have from living [together] for twelve +days—as we did entirely alone with him and Vicky in our own +apartments—got to know him much more intimately, and to +be much more <i>à notre aise</i> with him than we could be in the +London season, and he is now quite <i>l'enfant de la maison!</i> +He is excellent and very sensible. I hope that you may be +equally pleased and satisfied with <i>your</i> future son-in-law.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now conclude in great haste; excellent Stockmar is +particularly well and brisk. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>8th December 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston's explanation of Lord Panmure's object +in proposing the appointment of a Director-General of Education +of the Army in the Civil Department of its Government +has but confirmed the Queen's apprehensions as to the effect +of that step, if sanctioned. The Queen has for some time +been expecting the proposal of a well-digested and considered +plan for the education of the officers of the Army, and knows +that the Duke of Cambridge has had such a one elaborated. +Surely, in the absence of any fixed and approved system of +education, it would be most imprudent to establish an Office +for the discharge of certain important functions which are not +yet defined. The Queen must therefore ask that the system +of education to be in future adopted should first be submitted +to her, and afterwards only the plan for the machinery which +is to carry this out, the fitness of which can only be properly +judged of with reference to the object in view.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>12th December 1856</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed letters. Sir H. Bulwer's +is a clever composition, showing his wit and powers of writing.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.219" id="pageiii.219"></a>[page 219]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has never, however, seen anything from him producing +the impression that great and important affairs would +be safe in his hands.</p> + +<p class="ind">The mission to Washington will be difficult to fill.<sup>61</sup> Is it +necessary to be in a hurry about it? Lord Elgin is sure to +perform the duties very well, but is his former position as +Governor-General of Canada not too high for him to go to +Washington as Minister?...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 61: A complaint had been made by the Government of the United States of the unlawful +enlistment in that country of recruits for the English army, and Mr Crampton, the +British Minister at Washington, had been dismissed. Diplomatic relations were resumed +after a suspension of some months; and Lord Napier was appointed British Minister in +March 1857. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE MAHARAJAH DHULEEP SINGH</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>15th December 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has seen the Memorandum which the Maharajah +Dhuleep Singh has sent to the East India Company; she +thinks all he asks very fair and reasonable, and she trusts that +the East India Company will be able to comply with them. +As we are in complete possession since 1849 of the Maharajah's +enormous and splendid Kingdom, the Queen thinks we +ought to do <i>everything</i> (which does not interfere with the +safety of her Indian dominions) to render the position of this +interesting and peculiarly good and amiable Prince as agreeable +as possible, and not to let him have the feeling that he is <i>a +prisoner</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">His being a Christian and completely European (or rather +more English) in his habits and feelings, renders this much +more necessary, and at the same time more easy.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has a very strong feeling that everything should +be done to show respect and kindness towards these poor fallen +Indian Princes, whose Kingdoms we have taken from them, +and who are naturally very sensitive to attention and kindness.</p> + +<p class="ind">Amongst all these, however, the Maharajah stands to a +certain degree alone, from his civilisation, and likewise from +his having lost his kingdom when he was a child entirely by +the faults and misdeeds of others.<sup>62</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 62: In reply, Mr Vernon Smith stated that he had brought all the Queen's wishes before +the Company. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MILITARY EDUCATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>18th December 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">In answer to Lord Palmerston's explanation with regard to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.220" id="pageiii.220"></a>[page 220]</span> +Colonel Lefroy's<sup>63</sup> appointment, the Queen has to say, that if +he is to be made Inspector of Regimental Schools, she has no +objection; but she must protest against his being made <i>Director</i> +of Education for the Army generally. We want a Director-General +of Education very much, but he ought to be +immediately under the Commander-in-Chief, if possible a +General Officer of weight, assisted by a Board of Officers of +the different Arms.</p> + +<p class="ind">Education ought to be made one of the essential requisites +of an officer, and the reports on his proficiency ought to go direct +through the proper superior from the bottom to the top, particularly +if selection by merit is to receive a greater application +for the future. If for his military proficiency and moral +discipline, an officer is to be responsible to his Military chief, +but for his mental acquirements to a Civil department, the +unity of the system will be broken and the Army ruined; and +this <i>must</i> be the case if the superintendence of the education +is separated from the Military command.</p> + +<p class="ind">The subject of Military Education has, as Lord Palmerston +says, often been discussed in Parliament, which expects that +some sufficient arrangement shall be made for it. But the +mere creation of a place for an officer, however meritorious, to +find him an equivalent for one which has to be reduced, can +hardly be so called, and may even defeat the object itself. +This subject is a most important one, and ought to be +thoroughly examined before acting. The Queen understands +that the Duke of Cambridge has transmitted to Lord Panmure +a complete scheme, which must be now before him. If Lord +Palmerston, Lord Panmure, the Duke of Cambridge, and the +Prince were to meet to consider this scheme, and the whole +question in connection with it, the Queen would feel every +confidence that a satisfactory decision would be arrived at.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 63: John Henry Lefroy, who now became Inspector-General of Army Schools, was an +artillery officer of considerable scientific attainments. Many years later he was K.C.M.G. +and Governor of Tasmania. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BESSARABIA</span> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et très chère Sœur</span>,—Le Prince Frédéric Guillaume +m'a remis la lettre que votre Majesté a bien voulu lui +donner pour moi. Les expressions si amicales employées par +votre Majesté m'ont vivement touché et quoique je fusse +persuadé que la diversité d'opinion de nos deux Gouvernements +ne pouvait en rien altérer vos sentiments à mon égard, j'ai été +heureux d'en recevoir la douce confirmation. Le Prince de +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.221" id="pageiii.221"></a>[page 221]</span> +Prusse nous a beaucoup plu et je ne doute pas qu'il ne fasse le +bonheur de la Princesse Royale, car il me semble avoir toutes +les qualités de son âge et de son rang. Nous avons tâché de +lui rendre le séjour de Paris aussi agréable que possible, mais +je crois que ses pensées étaient toujours à Osborne ou à Windsor.</p> + +<p class="ind">Il me tarde bien que toutes les discussions relatives au Traité +de Paix aient un terme, car les partis en France en profitent +pour tenter d'affaiblir l'intimité de l'alliance.<sup>64</sup> Je ne doute pas +néanmoins que le bon sens populaire en fasse promptement +justice de toutes les faussetés qu'on a répandues.</p> + +<p class="ind">Votre Majesté, je l'espère, ne doutera jamais de mon désir de +marcher d'accord avec son Gouvernement et du regret que +j'éprouve quand momentairement cet accord n'existe pas.</p> + +<p class="ind">En la priant de présenter mes hommages à S.A.R. la Duchesse +de Kent et mes tendres amitiés au Prince, je lui renouvelle +l'assurance de la sincère amitié et de l'entier dévouement avec +lesquels je suis, de votre Majesté, le bon Frère et Ami,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoléon.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 64: A settlement with Russia of the disputed Bessarabian frontier was at length decided +upon, on lines suggested by the Emperor to the British Government. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">The Grove</span>, <i>22nd December 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to transmit a letter from Lord Cowley, which +contains the report of a curious conversation with the Emperor, +and which might make a despatch not very unlike Sir H. Seymour's +when he reported the partitioning views of the Emperor +Nicholas.<sup>65</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It is curious that in both cases the bribe to England should +be Egypt. The Emperor of the French said nothing about +the share of the spoils that France would look for, but His +Majesty means Morocco, and Marshal Vaillant<sup>66</sup> talked to Lord +Clarendon of Morocco as necessary to France, just as the +Americans declare that the United States are not safe without +Cuba....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 65: See <i>ante</i> <a href="#pageiii.27" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 27</a>, note 30. +The Queen does not appear to have preserved a copy of Lord Cowley's letter.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 66: Minister of War. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DISPUTE ADJUSTED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Château de Windsor</span>, <i>le 31 Décembre 1856.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et cher Frère</span>,—Je saisis avec empressement l'occasion +de la nouvelle année pour remercier votre Majesté de son +aimable lettre, en vous priant d'agréer mes bons vœux autant +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.222" id="pageiii.222"></a>[page 222]</span> +pour le bonheur de V.M. que pour celui de l'Impératrice et +de votre fils.</p> + +<p class="ind">La nouvelle année commence encore avec le bruit des préparatifs +de guerre, mais j'espère qu'on restera aux préparatifs +et après le rapprochement qui a eu lieu entre vous, Sire, et la +Prusse, j'ai toute confiance qu'il vous sera possible d'assurer +une solution pacifique de cette question Suisse,<sup>67</sup> malheureusement +envenimée par l'amour-propre froissé de tous côtés.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je suis bien heureuse que nos difficultés survenues à l'exécution +du Traité de Paris soient maintenant entièrement aplanies +et que ce que V.M. signalait dans votre lettre comme une +espérance soit à présent une réalité. Rien ne viendra désormais, +je l'espère, troubler notre bonne entente qui donne une +garantie si importante au bien-être de l'Europe. Nous avons +été bien contents d'apprendre que notre futur gendre vous ait +tant plu; il nous a écrit plein de reconnaissance de l'aimable +accueil que vous lui avez donné et plein d'admiration de tout +ce qu'il a vu à Paris.</p> + +<p class="ind">Ma mère se remet peu à peu de la terrible secousse qu'elle a +éprouvée, et me charge ainsi que le Prince de leurs félicitations +pour le jour de l'an.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'embrasse l'Impératrice et me dis pour toujours, Sire et +cher Frère, de V.M.I., la bien affectionnée Sœur, et fidèle Amie,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 67: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.214" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 214</a>, note 55. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.223" id="pageiii.223"></a>[page 223]</span> + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXVI</h3> + + +<p>The closing months of 1856 had witnessed the beginning of a +dispute with China, a party of Chinese having boarded the lorcha +<i>Arrow</i>, a vessel registered under a recent ordinance of Hong Kong, +arrested the crew as pirates, and torn down the British flag. The +Captain's right to fly the flag was questionable, for the term of +registry, even if valid in the first instance, which was disputed, had +expired (though the circumstance was unknown to the Chinese +authorities), and the ship's earlier history under the Chinese flag +had been an evil one. But Sir John Bowring, British Plenipotentiary +at Hong Kong, took punitive measures to enforce treaty obligations; +Admiral Seymour destroyed the forts on the river, and +occupied the island and fort of Dutch Folly. In retaliation, the +Chinese Governor Yeh put a price on Bowring's head, and his +assassination, and that of other residents, by poison, was attempted. +The British Government's action, however, was stigmatised as highhanded, +and a resolution censuring them was carried in the Commons, +being moved by Mr Cobden and supported by a coalition of +Conservatives, Peelites, and the Peace Party,—Lord John Russell +also opposing the Government. In consequence of this vote, +Parliament was dissolved, and at the ensuing election the Peace +Party was scattered to the winds; Bright, Milner Gibson, and +Cobden all losing their seats. Lord Palmerston obtained a triumphant +majority in the new House of Commons, of which Mr J. E. +Denison was elected Speaker in succession to Mr Shaw-Lefevre, now +created Viscount Eversley. At the end of the year an ultimatum +was sent to Governor Yeh, requiring observance of the Treaty of +Nankin, Canton was bombarded, and subsequently occupied by the +English and French troops.</p> + +<p>Hostilities with Persia were terminated by a treaty signed at Paris; +the Shah engaging to abstain from interference in Afghanistan, and +to recognise the independence of Herat.</p> + +<p>A century had passed since the victory of Clive at Plassey, but the +Afghan disasters and the more recent war with Russia had caused +doubts to arise as to British stability in India, where the native forces +were very large in comparison with the European. Other causes, +among which may be mentioned the legalising of the remarriage of +Hindoo widows, and a supposed intention to coerce the natives into +Christianity, were operating to foment dissatisfaction, while recent +acts of insubordination and symptoms of mutiny had been inadequately +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.224" id="pageiii.224"></a>[page 224]</span> +repressed; but the immediate visible provocation to mutiny +among the Bengal troops was the use of cartridges said to be treated +with a preparation of the fat of pigs and cows, the use of which was +abhorrent, on religious grounds, both to Hindoos and Mohammedans. +The Governor-General assured the Sepoys by proclamation that no +offence to their religion or injury to their caste was intended; but +on the 10th of May the native portion of the garrison at Meerut +broke out in revolt. The Mutineers proceeded to Delhi, and were +joined by the native troops there; they established as Emperor the +octogenarian King, a man of unscrupulous character, who had been +living under British protection.</p> + +<p>Great cruelties were practised on the European population of all +ages and both sexes, at Lucknow, Allahabad, and especially Cawnpore; +by the end of June, the Sepoys had mutinied at twenty-two +stations—the districts chiefly affected being Bengal, the North-West +Provinces, and Oudh. To cope with this state of things, a large body +of British soldiers on their way to China were diverted by Lord Elgin +to India, and a force of 40,000 men was despatched from England +round the Cape; while Sir Colin Campbell was sent out as Commander-in-Chief. +Meanwhile reinforcements had been drawn from the +Punjab, which had remained loyal. Lucknow was for a long time +besieged by the rebels, and Sir Henry Lawrence, its gallant defender, +killed. The garrison was reinforced on the 25th of September by +General Havelock; but the non-combatants could not be extricated +from their perilous position till November, when the Garrison was +relieved by Sir Colin Campbell. Delhi was taken in the course +of September, but a considerable period elapsed before the rebellion +was finally suppressed. Summary vengeance was inflicted on the +Sepoy rebels, which gave rise to some criticism of our troops for +inhumanity; but Lord Canning, the Governor-General, was no less +severely blamed for his clemency; and the general verdict was in +favour of the measures adopted by the military and civilian officers, +whose zeal and capacity suppressed the Mutiny.</p> + +<p>Before the Dissolution of Parliament, Mr Gladstone and Mr +Disraeli had joined in an attack on the budget of Sir George Lewis, +and the Peelite ex-Chancellor of the Exchequer seemed for the +moment disposed definitely to return to the Conservative party. +To the Divorce Bill, the chief legislative result of the second Session, +Mr Gladstone gave a persistent and unyielding opposition: but it +passed the Commons by large majorities; a Bill for the removal of +Jewish disabilities was much debated, but not carried. In August, +another visit, this time of a private character, was paid by the +Emperor and Empress of the French to the Queen at Osborne. In +the middle of November a series of commercial disasters of great +magnitude took place. The Government, as in 1847, authorised the +infringement for a time of the Bank Charter Act, and a third session +was held to pass an Act of Indemnity.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.225" id="pageiii.225"></a>[page 225]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXVI</h2> + +<h5>1857</h5> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Mr Labouchere.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>8th January 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The despatches from Sir George Grey<sup>1</sup> which the Queen +returns are most interesting. The two chief objects to accomplish +appear to be the bringing the Kaffirs in British Kaffraria +within the pale of the law, so that they may know the blessings +of it—and the re-absorption, if possible, of the Orange River +Free State. To both these objects the efforts of the Government +should be steadily directed.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: See <i>ante</i>, pp. <a href="#pageiii.200" style="font-weight: normal;">200</a>-1. The task of dealing with the Hottentots and Kaffirs, and +coming to an understanding with the recalcitrant Boers, was a difficult one. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">HOME AND FOREIGN POLICY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>13th January 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and he and Lady Palmerston will have the honour of +waiting upon your Majesty as soon as he is able to move. He +is, however, at present on crutches, and can hardly expect to +be in marching order for some few days to come. With regard +to the matters that are likely to be discussed when Parliament +meets, Viscount Palmerston would beg to submit that the one +which has for some months past occupied the attention of all +Europe, namely, the execution of the Treaty of Paris, has been +settled in a manner satisfactory to all parties; and this is not +only a great relief to the Government, but is also a security +for the continuance of the Anglo-French Alliance, which would +have been greatly endangered by the discussions and explanations +that might otherwise have been forced on.</p> + +<p class="ind">The various questions of difference between your Majesty's +Government, and that of the United States, have also been +settled, and the diplomatic relations between the two countries +are about to be replaced upon their usual footing. This result +will have given great satisfaction to the commercial and manufacturing +interests.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.226" id="pageiii.226"></a>[page 226]</span> + +<p class="ind">Some discussion will take place as to the Expedition to the +coast of Persia, and some persons will, of course, find fault with +the whole policy pursued on that matter; but people in general +will understand that Herat is an advanced post of attack against +British India, and that whatever belongs nominally to Persia +must be considered as belonging practically to Russia, whenever +Russia may want to use it for her own purposes.</p> + +<p class="ind">The outbreak of hostilities at Canton<a id="footnotetagXXVI2" name="footnotetagXXVI2"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI2"><sup>2</sup></a> was the result of the +decision of your Majesty's officers on the spot, and not the consequence +of orders from home. The first responsibility must +therefore rest with the local authorities, but Viscount Palmerston +cannot doubt that the Government will be deemed to +have acted right in advising your Majesty to approve the proceedings, +and to direct measures for obtaining from the Chinese +Government concessions which are indispensable for the maintenance +of friendly relations between China and the Governments +of Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">Of domestic questions, that which will probably be the most +agitated will be a large and immediate diminution of the +Income Tax; but any such diminution would disturb the +financial arrangements of the country, and it is to be hoped +that Parliament will adopt the scheme which will be proposed +by Sir G. C. Lewis, by which the Income Tax would be made +equal in each of the next three years, the amount now fixed +by Law for 1857 being diminished, but the amount now +fixed by Law for 1858 and 1859 being increased....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston hears from persons likely to know, that +the Conservative Party are not more united than they were last +Session. That Mr Disraeli and the great bulk of his nominal +followers are far from being on good terms together, and that +there is no immediate junction to be expected between Mr +Disraeli and Mr Gladstone.<sup>3</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Cobden has given it to be understood that he wishes at +the next General Election to retire from the West Riding of +Yorkshire. The real fact being that the line he took about the +late war has made him so unpopular with his constituents that +he would probably not be returned again.<sup>4</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has heard privately and confidentially +that Lord John Russell wrote some little time ago to the Duke +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.227" id="pageiii.227"></a>[page 227]</span> +of Bedford to say that it had been intimated to him that an +offer would be made to him if he were disposed to accept it, to +go to the House of Lords and to become there the Leader of +the Government. In case your Majesty may have heard this +report, Viscount Palmerston thinks it right to say that no such +communication to Lord John Russell was ever authorised by +him, nor has been, so far as he is aware, ever made, and in truth +Viscount Palmerston must candidly say that in the present +state of public opinion about the course which Lord John has +on several occasions pursued, he is not inclined to think that +his accession to the Government would give the Government +any additional strength.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI2" name="footnoteXXVI2"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI2">Footnote 2:</a> <i>See</i> Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.223" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 223</a>. The difficulty with China had arisen out of her +refusal to throw open the city of Canton to European trade in conformity with the Treaty +of Nankin, <i>ante</i>, vol. i. p. <a href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441" style="font-weight: normal;">441</a>. Sir John Bowring, Chief Superintendent of Trade (and, +in effect, British Plenipotentiary) at Hong-Kong, had resented this, and the feeling thus +engendered had come to a crisis on the occasion of the seizure of the crew of the <i>Arrow</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 3: The probability of this combination was now being perpetually mooted, and, in fact, +the two ex-Chancellors combined in attacking the Budget.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 4: He stood instead for Huddersfleld, and was defeated by an untried politician; one +Liberal (the present Lord Ripon) and one Conservative were returned unopposed in the +West Riding. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CHURCH APPOINTMENTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>25th February 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would wish to know before she approves of the +appointment of Mr Alford, of Quebec Chapel, to the head +Deanery of Canterbury, whether he is a very Low Churchman, +as Lord Palmerston will remember that he agreed in her +observation after the appointment of several of the Bishops, +that it would be advisable to choose those who were of moderate +opinions—not leaning too much to either side. Extreme +opinions lead to mischief in the end, and produce much discord +in the Church, which it would be advisable to avoid.<sup>5</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the Garter, which the Duke of Norfolk has +declined, she approves of its being offered to the Duke of +Portland.<sup>6</sup> She thinks that the one now vacant by the death +of poor Lord Ellesmere<sup>7</sup> might most properly be bestowed on +Lord Granville—he is Lord President and Leader of the House +of Lords, and acquitted himself admirably in his difficult +mission as Ambassador to the Emperor of Russia's Coronation.</p> + +<p class="ind">Should Lord Palmerston agree in this view he might at once +mention it to Lord Granville.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 5: The Deanery was offered to and accepted by Mr Alford.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 6: William John Cavendish Bentinck-Scott, fifth Duke (1800-1879). He did not accept +the honour, which was conferred on the Marquis of Westminster.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 7: Lord Francis Egerton had inherited a vast property from the third and last Duke +of Bridgewater (the projector of English inland navigation), and was created Earl of +Ellesmere in 1846. The Garter was accepted by Lord Granville. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEBATE ON CHINESE AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>28th February 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has seen Mr Hayter<sup>8</sup> this morning, and finds from +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.228" id="pageiii.228"></a>[page 228]</span> +him that the disposition of the House of Commons is improving, +and that many of the supporters of the Government who had +at first thought of voting with Mr Cobden<sup>9</sup> are changing their +minds. It has been suggested to Viscount Palmerston that it +would be useful to have a meeting of the Party in Downing +Street on Monday, and that many wavering members only +want to have something said to them which they could quote +as a reason for changing their intended course; and Viscount +Palmerston has given directions for summoning such a meeting.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby has had meetings of his followers, and has told +them that unless they will support him in a body he will cease +to be their leader, as he will not be the head of a divided Party. +Viscount Palmerston can scarcely bring himself to believe that +the House of Commons will be so fickle as suddenly and without +reason to turn round upon the Government, and after having +given them last Session and this Session large majorities on +important questions, put them in a minority on what Mr Disraeli +last night in a few words said on the motion for adjournment +described as a Vote of Censure. With regard, however, +to the question put by your Majesty as to what would be the +course pursued by the Government in the event of a defeat, +Viscount Palmerston could hardly answer it without deliberation +with his colleagues. His own firm belief is that the present +Government has the confidence of the country in a greater +degree than any other Government that could now be formed +would have, and that consequently upon a Dissolution of +Parliament, a House of Commons would be returned more +favourable to the Government than the present. Whether the +state of business as connected with votes of supply and the +Mutiny Act would admit of a Dissolution, supposing such a +measure to be sanctioned by your Majesty, would remain to be +enquired into; but Viscount Palmerston believes that there +would be no insurmountable difficulty on that score. He will +have the honour of waiting upon your Majesty at a little before +three to-morrow.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: Mr (afterwards Sir) William Hayter, Liberal Whip, the father of Lord Haversham.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 9: See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.223" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 223</a>. Mr Cobden's motion of censure affirmed that +the papers laid on the table of the House did not justify the violent measures resorted +to by the Government at Canton in the affair of the <i>Arrow</i>. He was supported by Lord +John Russell, Mr Roebuck, Mr Gladstone, and Mr Disraeli, the latter emphatically +challenging the Premier to appeal to the country. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd March 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Palmerston</span>,—The Queen has this moment +received your letter giving so unfavourable an account of the +prospects of to-night's division. She is sorry that her health +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.229" id="pageiii.229"></a>[page 229]</span> +imperatively requires her going into the country for a few days, +and having put off her going to Windsor on account of the +Debate which was expected to close yesterday, she cannot now +do so again to-day. She feels, however, the inconvenience of +her absence should the division turn out as ill as is now anticipated. +The Queen could not possibly come to a decision on so +important a point as a Dissolution without a personal discussion +and conference with you, and therefore hopes that you might +be able to go down to-morrow perhaps for dinner and to stay +over the night.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen feels herself physically quite unable to go through +the anxiety of a Ministerial Crisis and the fruitless attempt +to form a new Government out of the heterogeneous elements +out of which the present Opposition is composed, should the +Government feel it necessary to offer their resignation, and +would on that account <i>prefer any other alternative</i>.... Ever, +etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i><sup>10</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEFEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>5th March 1857.</i></p> + +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Quarter to Eight.</i>)</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that his communication to the House +of an intention to give the constituencies of the country an +opportunity of judging between the present Government and +any other administration which might be formed, has been on +the whole well received, and, with the exception of Mr Gladstone, +most of the persons who spoke intimated a willingness +to allow without interruption the completion of such business +as may be necessary before the Dissolution. Mr Disraeli said +that he and those who act with him would give all fair assistance +consistent with their opinions, but hoped nothing would be +proposed to which they could reasonably object. Mr Gladstone, +with great vehemence, repelled the charge of combination, +evidently meaning to answer attacks made out of the +House....</p> + +<p class="ind">The result of what passed seems to be that no serious difficulty +will be thrown in the way of an early Dissolution.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 10: Mr Cobden's motion was carried by 263 to 247, and Lord Palmerston promptly +accepted Mr Disraeli's challenge to dissolve Parliament. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i> ? <i>16th March 1857.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs to submit that Lord Derby made a speech of two +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.230" id="pageiii.230"></a>[page 230]</span> +hours, in which he glanced at the present state of affairs.<sup>11</sup> He +made a personal attack on Lord Palmerston, and described his +colleagues as cyphers and appendages. The rest of his speech +was of a singularly apologetic and defensive character. He was +quite successful in clearing himself from an understanding—not +from political conversations with Mr Gladstone.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville, in his reply, was thought very discourteous +by Lord Malmesbury and Lord Hardwicke, who closed the +conversation.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 11: Lord Derby's resolutions in the Lords, which were to the same effect as Mr Cobden's +motion, were rejected by 146 to 110. On the 16th of March Lord Derby took the opportunity +of announcing the views of his chief supporters in reference to the General +Election. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i><sup>12</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RETIREMENT OF THE SPEAKER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>18th March 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">... Viscount Palmerston begs to state that the Speaker +has chosen the title of Eversley, the name of a small place near +his residence<sup>13</sup> in Hampshire, all the large towns in the county +having already been adopted as titles for Peers. The ordinary +course would be that your Majesty should make him +a Baron, and that is the course which was followed in the cases +of Mr Abbot made Lord Colchester, and Mr Abercromby made +Lord Dunfermline; but in the case of Mr Manners Sutton a +different course was pursued, and he was made Viscount +Canterbury. The present Speaker is very anxious that his +services, which, in fact, have been more meritorious and useful +than those of Mr Manners Sutton, should not appear to be considered +by your Majesty as less deserving of your Majesty's +Royal favour, and as the present Speaker may justly be said +to have been the best who ever filled the chair, Viscount +Palmerston would beg to submit for your Majesty's gracious +approval that he may be created Viscount Eversley. It will +be well at the same time if your Majesty should sanction this +arrangement that a Record should be entered at the Home +Office stating that this act of grace and favour of your Majesty +being founded on the peculiar circumstances of the case, is not +to [be] deemed a precedent for the cases of future Speakers.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canterbury was also made a Grand Cross of the Civil +Order of the Bath; it will be for your Majesty to consider +whether it might not be gracious to follow in all respects on +the present occasion the course which was pursued in the case +of Mr Manners Sutton.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 12: On the 9th, Mr Speaker Shaw-Lefevre had announced in the House of Commons +his intended retirement from the Chair, which he had occupied since 1839, when his +election had been made a trial of strength between parties. He was voted an annuity of +£4,000 a year, and created Viscount Eversley, receiving also the G.C.B.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 13: Heckfield Place, near Winchfield. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.231" id="pageiii.231"></a>[page 231]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE GENERAL ELECTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>24th March 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... The Opposition have played +their game most foolishly, and the result is that <i>all</i> the old +Tories say they will certainly <i>not</i> support them; they very +truly say Lord Derby's party—that is those who want to get +into office <i>coûte que coûte</i>—whether the country suffers for it or +not, wanted to get in under <i>false colours</i>, and that they won't +support or abide—which they are <i>quite</i> right in. There is +reason to hope that a better class of men will be returned, and +returned to support the Government, not a particular cry of +this or that.... Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span><sup>14</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 14: In his address to the electors of Tiverton, the Premier declared that "an insolent +barbarian, wielding authority at Canton, had violated the British flag, broken the engagements +of treaties, offered rewards for the heads of British subjects in that part of +China, and planned their destruction by murder, assassination, and poison." The +courage and good temper displayed by Lord Palmerston, and the energy with which he +had carried the country through the Crimean struggle, had won him widespread popularity, +and the Peace party were generally routed, the prominent members all losing their +seats. The Peelite ranks were also thinned, but Lord John Russell, contrary to general +expectation, held his seat in the City. There were one hundred and eighty-nine new +members returned, and the Ministry found themselves in command of a handsome +majority. +</p> + + +<a name="illusiii.2" id="illusiii.2"></a> +<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"><a href="images/0242-1100.png"><img src="images/0242-347.png" width="347" height="470" alt="Vicount Palmerston, K.G." border="0" /></a> +<p class="center"><span class="sc">Vicount Palmerston, K.G.</span></p> +<p class="center"><i>From the drawing by Sir Geo. Richmond, R.A., in the possession of the Earl of Carnwath.</i></p> +<p class="author" style="margin-bottom: 5em;"><i>To face p.</i> 232, Vol. III.</p> +</div> + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i> ? <i>19th May 1857.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs to submit that the Lord Chancellor made the best +statement he has yet done, introducing his Divorce Bill.<sup>15</sup>... +Lord Lyndhurst made a most able speech in favour of the Bill, +but wished it to go further, and give permission to a woman +to sue for a divorce if she was "maliciously deserted" by her +husband.... The Bishop of Oxford pretended that he was +not going to speak at all, in order to secure his following instead +of preceding the Bishop of London; but upon a division being +called he was obliged to speak, and did so with considerable +force and eloquence, but betraying the greatest possible +preparation. The Bishop of London, after showing that +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.232" id="pageiii.232"></a>[page 232]</span> +the Bishop of Oxford's speech was a repetition of Mr Keble's +speech, made an excellent answer. The Debate was finished +by the Duke of Argyll.</p> + +<table summary="vote" align="center" border="0"> +<tr><td>For the Bill, 47.</td><td>Against it, 18.</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: Before this date a divorce could only be obtained in England by Act of Parliament, +after sentence in the ecclesiastical Court, and (in the case of a husband's application) a +verdict in <i>crim. con.</i> against the adulterer. The present English law was established by +the Bill of 1857, the chief amendment made in Committee being the provision exempting +the clergy from the obligation to marry divorced persons. Bishop Wilberforce opposed +the Bill strenuously, while Archbishop Sumner and Bishop Tait of London supported it. +Sir Richard Bethell, the Attorney-General, piloted the measure most skilfully through +the Commons, in the teeth of the eloquent and persistent opposition of Mr Gladstone, +who, to quote a letter from Lord Palmerston to the Queen, opposed the second reading +"in a speech of two hours and a half, fluent, eloquent, brilliant, full of theological learning +and scriptural research, but fallacious in argument, and with parts inconsistent with +each other." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE FRENCH <i>ENTENTE</i></span> + +<p class="indright"><i>20th May 1857.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—I have the honour to inform your Royal Highness that +I have had a very long and interesting conversation with M. de +Persigny to-day. He told me of the different <i>Utopias</i> which +the Emperor had in his head, of His Majesty's conviction that +England, France, and Russia ought between them to <i>régler les +affaires de l'Europe</i>, of the <i>peu de cas</i> which he made of Austria +or any other Power, and of the various little complaints which +His Majesty thought he had against Her Majesty's Government, +and which had been magnified into importance by the +malevolence or the stupidity of the persons who had more or +less the ear of the Emperor.<a id="footnotetagXXVI16" name="footnotetagXXVI16"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI16"><sup>16</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">M. de Persigny told me also that in a conversation with the +Emperor at which he had taken care that Count Walewski +should be present, he had solemnly warned the Emperor of the +danger he would incur if he swerved the least from the path +of his true interest which was the English Alliance, that all the +Sovereigns who were flattering and cajoling him for their own +purposes looked down upon him as an adventurer, and no +more believed in the stability of his throne, or the duration of +his dynasty, than they did in any other events of which extreme +improbability was the character; whereas the English, +who never condescended to flatter or cajole anybody, but who +looked to the interests of England, were attached to the French +Alliance and to the Sovereign of France because peaceful relations +with that country were of the utmost importance to +England. France was the only country in Europe that could +do England harm, and on the other hand England was the +only country that could injure France—the late war with +Russia had not the slightest effect upon France except costing +her money, but a war with England would set every party in +France into activity each with its own peculiar objects, but +all of them against the existing order of things—<i>l'ordre social +serait bouleversé</i> and the Empire might perish in the convulsion.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S VISIT</span> +<p class="ind">The result of this and other conversations appears to be an +earnest desire of the Emperor to come to England on a private +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.233" id="pageiii.233"></a>[page 233]</span> +visit to the Queen, if possible at Osborne, and at any time +that might be convenient to Her Majesty. M. de Persigny +describes him as being intent upon this project, and as attaching +the utmost importance to it in order to <i>éclairer</i> his own +ideas, to guide his policy, and to prevent by personal communication +with the Queen, your Royal Highness, and Her +Majesty's Government the dissidences and <i>mésintelligences</i> +which the Emperor thinks will arise from the want of such +communications.</p> + +<p class="ind">I fear that such a visit would not be very agreeable to +Her Majesty, but in the Emperor's present frame of mind, +and his evident alarm lest it should be thought that the +Alliance has been in any way <i>ébranlée</i>, I cannot entertain a +doubt that much good might be done, or, at all events, +that much mischief might be averted by the Emperor being +allowed to pay his respects to Her Majesty in the manner +he proposes.</p> + +<p class="ind">I have discussed the matter after the Cabinet this evening +with Lord Palmerston, who takes entirely the same view of +the matter as I have taken the liberty of expressing to your +Royal Highness. I have the honour to be, with the greatest +respect, Sir, your Royal Highness's most faithful and devoted +Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Clarendon</span>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI16" name="footnoteXXVI16"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI16">Footnote 16:</a> A difference had arisen as to the future of the Principalities—France, Sardinia, and +Russia favouring their union, while England, Austria, and Turkey held that a single +state, so formed, might become too Russian in its sympathies. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>21st May 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord Clarendon</span>,—I have shown your letter to +the Queen, who wishes me to say in answer to it that she will, +of course, be ready to do what may appear best for the public +interest. We shall, therefore, be ready to receive the Emperor, +with or without the Empress, here at Osborne in the +quiet way which he proposes. The present moment would, +however, hardly do, Drawing-rooms and parties being announced +in London, Parliament sitting, and the Season going +on and the Queen having only a few days from the Grand +Duke's visit to her return to Town. The latter half of July, +the time at which the Queen would naturally be here and the +best yachting season, might appear to the Emperor the most +eligible, as being the least <i>forcé</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Till then a cottage which is rebuilding will, we hope, be ready +to accommodate some of the suite, whom we could otherwise +not properly house.</p> + +<p class="ind">I have no doubt that good will arise from a renewed intercourse +with the Emperor; the only thing one may perhaps +be afraid of is the possibility of his wishing to gain us over to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.234" id="pageiii.234"></a>[page 234]</span> +his views with regard to a redistribution of Europe, and may +be disappointed at our not being able to assent to his plans +and aspirations.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.<sup>17</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.242" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 242</a>, note 30. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>16th June 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—The christening of little Beatrice<sup>18</sup> +is just over—and was very brilliant and nice. We had the +luncheon in the fine ball-room, which looked very handsome. +The Archduke Maximilian (who is here since Sunday evening) +led me to the chapel, and at the luncheon I sat between him +and Fritz. I cannot say how much we like the Archduke; +he is charming, so clever, natural, kind and amiable, so <i>English</i> +in his feelings and likings, and so anxious for the best understanding +between Austria and England. With the exception +of his mouth and chin, he is good-looking; and I think one +does not the least care for that, as he is so very kind and clever +and pleasant. I wish you really joy, dearest Uncle, at having +got <i>such</i> a husband for dear Charlotte, as I am sure he will +make her happy, and is quite worthy of her. He may, and +will do a great deal for Italy.<sup>19</sup>...</p> + +<p class="ind">I must conclude for to-day, hoping soon to hear from you +again. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: Princess Beatrice (now Princess Henry of Battenberg) was born on the 14th of April.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 19: The tragic end of a union which promised so brightly came in 1867, when the Archduke +Maximilian, having accepted the Imperial crown of Mexico, offered to him by the +Provisional Government, was shot by order of President Juarez. The Empress Charlotte +had come to Europe a year earlier to seek help for her husband from the French Emperor. +In consequence of the shock caused by the failure of her mission, her health entirely gave +way. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE INDIAN MUTINY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>26th June 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">... Viscount Palmerston is sorry to have received the +accompanying account of the extension of the Mutiny among +the native troops in India, but he has no fear of its results.<sup>20</sup> +The bulk of the European force is stationed on the North-West +Frontier, and is, therefore, within comparatively easy reach +of Delhi, and about six thousand European troops will have +returned to Bombay from Persia. It will, however, seem to be +advisable to send off at once the force amounting to nearly +eight thousand men, now under orders for embarkation for +India; and when the despatches arrive, which will be about +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.235" id="pageiii.235"></a>[page 235]</span> +the middle of next week, it will be seen whether any further +reinforcements will be required.</p> + +<p class="ind">The extent of the Mutiny appears to indicate some deeper +cause than that which was ascribed to the first insubordination. +That cause may be, as some allege, the apprehension +of the Hindoo priests that their religion is in danger by the +progress of civilisation in India, or it may be some hostile +foreign agency.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: Alarming accounts of disturbances in India had been received for some weeks past, +but Lord Palmerston failed to grasp the gravity of the situation. Even after the intelligence +reached England of the mutiny of the native regiments at Meerut, on the 10th of +May, and of the horrible massacres of women and children, the Ministry did not fully +realise the peril threatening our Indian possessions. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE VICTORIA CROSS</span> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated,</i> ? <i>June 1857.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks that the persons decorated with the +Victoria Cross might very properly be allowed to bear some +distinctive mark after their name.<sup>21</sup> The warrant instituting +the decoration does not style it "an Order," but merely "a +Naval and Military Decoration" and a distinction; nor is it +properly speaking an order, being not <i>constituted</i>. V.C. would +not do. K.G. means a <i>Knight</i> of the Garter, C.B. a <i>Companion</i> +of the Bath, M.P. a <i>Member</i> of Parliament, M.D. a +<i>Doctor</i> of Medicine, etc., etc., in all cases designating a person. +No one could be called a Victoria Cross. V.C. moreover means +Vice-Chancellor at present. D.V.C. (decorated with the +Victoria Cross) or B.V.C. (Bearer of the Victoria Cross) might +do. The Queen thinks the last the best.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 21: The Victoria Cross had just been instituted by Royal Warrant, and the Queen had, +with her own hand, decorated those who had won the distinction, in Hyde Park, on the +26th of June. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">REINFORCEMENTS FOR INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>29th June 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to acknowledge the receipt of Lord Panmure's +letter of yesterday. She had long been of opinion +that reinforcements waiting to go to India ought not to be +delayed. The moment is certainly a very critical one, and the +additional reinforcements now proposed will be much wanted. +The Queen entirely agrees with Lord Panmure that it will be +good policy to oblige the East India Company to keep permanently +a larger portion of the Royal Army in India than +heretofore. The Empire has nearly doubled itself within the +last twenty years, and the Queen's troops have been kept +at the old establishment. They are the body on whom the +maintenance of that Empire depends, and the Company ought +not to sacrifice the highest interests to love of patronage. The +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.236" id="pageiii.236"></a>[page 236]</span> +Queen hopes that the new reinforcements will be sent out in +their Brigade organisation, and not as detached regiments; +good Commanding Officers knowing their troops will be of the +highest importance next to the troops themselves.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must ask that the troops by whom we shall be +diminished at home by the transfer of so many regiments to +the Company should be forthwith replaced by an increase of +the establishment up to the number voted by Parliament, and +for which the estimates have been taken, else we denude ourselves +altogether to a degree dangerous to our own safety at +home, and incapable of meeting a sudden emergency, which, +as the present example shows, may come upon us at any +moment. If we had not reduced in such a hurry this spring, +we should now have all the men wanted!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Panmure to communicate this +letter to Lord Palmerston. The accounts in to-day's papers +from India are most distressing.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd July 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Panmure's letter of yesterday. +She has sanctioned the going of four Regiments to the East +Indies. With regard to the reduction of the garrison of Malta +to four Regiments, she hopes the Government will well consider +whether this will not reduce this valuable and exposed +spot to a state of insecurity.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is sorry to find Lord Panmure still objecting +to a proper Brigade system, without which no army in the +world can be efficient. We want General Officers, and cannot +train them unless we employ them on military duty, not on +clerks' duty in district or colony, but in the command of +troops. The detachment of Regiments is no reason for having +no system, and the country will not pay for General Officers +whose employment is not part of a system; our Army is then +deprived of its efficiency by the refusal to adopt a system on +the part of the Government.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Canning to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DELHI</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Calcutta</span>, <i>4th July 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and although unable to give to your Majesty the complete +details of the capture of Delhi, and of the defeat of the rebels +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.237" id="pageiii.237"></a>[page 237]</span> +in that city,<a id="footnotetagXXVI22" name="footnotetagXXVI22"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI22"><sup>22</sup></a> as he has long desired to do, he can at least +announce to your Majesty that the city is in the possession +of the British troops, under Major-General Sir Henry Barnard; +and that nothing remains in the hands of the insurgents +except the Palace or Fort, in which they have all taken +refuge. This was the state of things on the 13th and 14th +of June, the latest day of which any certain accounts have +been received from Delhi; but nothing was likely to interfere +with the completion of the capture within forty-eight +hours.</p> + +<p class="ind">This event has been long and anxiously awaited, and the +time which has elapsed has cost England and India very dear. +Many precious lives have been lost, and much heartrending +suffering has been endured, for which there can be no compensation. +The reputation of England's power, too, has had a rude +shake; and nothing but a long-continued manifestation of +her might before the eyes of the whole Indian Empire, evinced +by the presence of such an English force as shall make the +thought of oppositon hopeless, will re-establish confidence in +her strength.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning much fears that there are parts of India +where, until this is done, a complete return to peace and +order will not be effected. Wherever the little band of English +soldiers—little when compared with the stretch of country +over which they have to operate—which Lord Canning has +at his disposal has shown itself, the effect has been instantaneous.</p> + +<p class="ind">Except at Delhi, there has scarcely been an attempt at +resistance to an European soldier, and the march of the smallest +detachments has preserved order right and left of the roads. +The same has been the case in large cities, such as Benares, +Patna, and others; all going to prove that little more than +the presence of English troops is needed to ensure peace. +On the other hand, where such troops are known not to be +within reach, anarchy and violence, when once let loose, +continue unrestrained; and, until further additions are made +to the English regiments in the disturbed districts, this state +of things will not only continue, but extend itself. The +fall of Delhi will act to some degree as a check; but where +rapine and outrage have raged uncontrolled, even for a few +hours, it is to be feared that nothing but the actual presence +of force will bring the country into order.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.238" id="pageiii.238"></a>[page 238]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning rejoices to say that to-day the first Regiment +of your Majesty's Forces destined for China has entered the +Hooghly. Lord Canning did not scruple, knowing how much +was at stake, earnestly to press Lord Elgin to allow those +forces to be turned aside to India before proceeding to the +support of your Majesty's Plenipotentiary in China;<a id="footnotetagXXVI23" name="footnotetagXXVI23"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI23"><sup>23</sup></a> and +to this, so far as regards the first two Regiments, Lord Elgin +readily assented. From what Lord Canning has ventured to +state above, your Majesty will easily understand the satisfaction +with which each new arrival of an English transport +in Calcutta is regarded by him.</p> + +<p class="ind">As yet no military operations south of Delhi have been +undertaken. Next week, however, a column composed of +your Majesty's 64th and 78th (Highland) Regiments will +reach Cawnpore<sup>24</sup> and Lucknow, in the neighbourhood of +which it is probable that an opportunity will offer of striking +a decisive blow at the band of rebels which, after that in +Delhi, is the strongest and most compact. But Lord Canning +greatly doubts whether they will await the onset. Unfortunately, +they may run away from the English troops, and yet +prove very formidable to any who are weaker than themselves—whether +Indians or unarmed Europeans.</p> +<span class="rightnote">GRAVE ANXIETY</span> +<p class="ind">Your Majesty is aware that in the critical condition of +affairs which now exists, Lord Canning has felt himself compelled +to adopt the measure of placing the King of Oudh in +confinement in Fort William, in consequence of the use made +of his name by those who have been busy tampering with the +Sepoys; and of the intrigues which there is good reason to +believe that the Minister of the King, who is also in the Fort, +has carried on in his master's name.<sup>25</sup> The King has been, +and will continue to be, treated with every mark of respect +and indulgence which is compatible with his position, so long +as it may be necessary that he should be retained in the Fort.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning earnestly hopes that your Majesty and the +Prince are in the enjoyment of good health, and prays your +Majesty to be graciously pleased to accept the expression of +his sincere devotion and dutiful attachment.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI22" name="footnoteXXVI22"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI22">Footnote 22:</a> After the outbreak at Meerut in May, the fugitive Sepoys fled to Delhi, and endeavoured +to capture the magazine, which, however, was exploded by British soldiers. +Delhi was not captured until September (see <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.249" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 249</a>). On the 11th of July, the +Government received intelligence of the spread of the Mutiny throughout Bengal, and +the resulting diminution of the Indian Army.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI23" name="footnoteXXVI23"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI23">Footnote 23:</a> For Sir George Grey's action at Cape Town, in reference to the troops destined for +China, see his Memoir, in the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 24: On the 4th of June, two native regiments had mutinied at Cawnpore, and the English +residents, under General Sir Hugh Wheeler, were besieged. After many deaths and much +privation, the garrison were induced by the perfidy of Nana Sahib, who had caused the +Cawnpore rising, to surrender, on condition of their lives being spared. On the 27th of +June, not suspecting their impending fate, the enfeebled garrison, or what was left of it, +gave themselves up. The men were killed, the women and children being first enslaved +and afterwards massacred. On the 16th of July, General Havelock defeated Nana +Sahib at Cawnpore, the city was occupied by the English, and a sanguinary, but well-merited, +retribution exacted.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 25: The ex-King had been living under the protection of the Indian Government. The +arrest took place early in June at his residence at Garden Beach. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.239" id="pageiii.239"></a>[page 239]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEBATE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>27th July 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Mr Disraeli this afternoon, +in a speech of three hours, made his Motion on the state of +India. His Motion was ostensibly for two papers, one of +which does not exist, at least in the possession of the Government, +and the other of which ought not to be made public, +as it relates to the arrangements for defending India against +external attack. He represented the disturbances in India +as a national revolt, and not as a mere military mutiny; and +he enumerated various causes which in his opinion accounted, +for and justified this general revolt. Some of these causes +were various measures of improved civilisation which from +time to time during the last ten years the Indian Government +had been urged by Parliament to take. Mr Vernon Smith +followed, and in a very able speech answered in great detail +Mr Disraeli's allegations. Sir Erskine Perry,<sup>26</sup> who evidently +had furnished Mr Disraeli with much of his mistaken assertions, +supported his views. Mr Campbell, Member for Weymouth, +who had been many years in India, showed the fallacy +of Mr Disraeli's arguments, and the groundlessness of many +of his assertions. Mr Whiteside supported the Motion. Lord +John Russell, who had after Mr Disraeli's speech communicated +with the Government, expressed his disapprobation of Mr Disraeli's +speech, and moved as an Amendment an Address +to your Majesty expressing the assurance of the support +of the House for measures to suppress the present disturbances, +and their co-operation with your Majesty in measures for the +permanent establishment of tranquillity and contentment +in India.<sup>27</sup> Mr Mangles, the Chairman of the Directors, replied +at much length, and very conclusively to Mr Disraeli's +speech. Mr Liddell, with much simplicity, asked the Speaker +to tell him how he should vote, but approved entirely of +Lord John Russell's address. Mr Ayrton moved an adjournment +of the Debate, which was negatived by 203 to 79. Mr +Hadfield then shortly stated in his provincial dialect that +"we can never keep our 'old upon Hindia by the Force of +Harms." Mr Disraeli then made an animated reply to the +speeches against him, but in a manner almost too animated +for the occasion. Mr Thomas Baring set Mr Disraeli right, +but in rather strong terms, about some proceedings of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.240" id="pageiii.240"></a>[page 240]</span> +Committee on Indian Affairs in 1853, with regard to which +Mr Disraeli's memory had proved untrustworthy. Viscount +Palmerston shortly made some observations on the Motion +and the speech which had introduced it; and the Motion was +then negatived without a division, and the Address was +unanimously carried.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 26: Chief Justice of Bombay 1847-1852, and M.P. for Devonport 1854-1859.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 27: "One of those dry constitutional platitudes," said Mr Disraeli in reply, "which in +a moment of difficulty the noble lord pulls out of the dusty pigeon-holes of his mind, and +shakes in the perplexed face of the baffled House of Commons." Mr Disraeli was +admittedly much annoyed by the statesmanlike intervention of Lord John. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i>.</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MARRIAGE OF PRINCESS CHARLOTTE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>27th July 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—At <i>this</i> very <i>moment</i> the marriage<a id="footnotetagXXVI28" name="footnotetagXXVI28"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI28"><sup>28</sup></a> +is going on—the <i>Knot</i> is being tied which binds your lovely +sweet child to a thoroughly worthy husband—and I am sure +you will be much moved. May every blessing attend her! +I wish <i>I</i> could be present—but my dearest <i>Half</i> being there +makes me feel as I were there myself. I try to picture to +myself how <i>all</i> will be. I could not give you a greater proof +of my love for you all, and my anxiety to give you and dearest +Charlotte pleasure, than in urging my dearest Albert to go +over—for I encouraged and <i>urged</i> him to go though you +cannot think <i>combien cela me coûte</i> or how completely <i>déroutée</i> +I am and <i>feel</i> when he is away, or how I count the hours till +he returns. <i>All</i> the numerous children are as <i>nothing</i> to me +when <i>he is away</i>; it seems as if the whole life of the house +and home were gone, when he is away!</p> + +<p class="ind">We do all we can to <i>fêter</i> in our very <i>quiet</i> way this dear +day. We are all out of mourning; the younger children are +to have a half-holiday, Alice is to <i>dine</i> for the first time in +the evening with us; we shall drink <i>the Archduke and Archduchess's</i> +healths; and I have ordered <i>wine</i> for our servants, +and <i>grog</i> for our sailors to do the same.</p> + +<p class="ind">Vicky (who is painting in the Alcove near me) wishes me +to say everything to you and the <i>dear young couple</i>, and pray +tell dear Charlotte <i>all</i> that we have been doing....</p> + +<p class="ind">Here we are in anxious (and I fear many people in very +<i>cruel</i>) suspense, for news from India. They <i>ought</i> to have +arrived the day before yesterday.</p> + +<p class="ind">On Thursday, then, we are to have Prince Napoleon, and +on the following Thursday the Emperor and Empress; and +after them for <i>one</i> night, the Queen of Holland,<sup>29</sup> whose activity +is astounding—and she sees everything and everybody and +goes everywhere; she is certainly clever and amiable....</p> + +<p class="ind">Now, with our children's affectionate love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.241" id="pageiii.241"></a>[page 241]</span> + +<p class="ind">Pray offer my kind regards to <i>all</i> your visitors, even to +those whom I do <i>not</i> know. I only hope my dearest husband +will tell me <i>all</i> about everything. Vicky is constantly talking +and thinking of Charlotte.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI28" name="footnoteXXVI28"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI28">Footnote 28:</a> Of the Princess Charlotte to the Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian at Brussels.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 29: Sophia Frederica, born 1818, daughter of King William I. of Würtemberg. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE MILITIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>2nd August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to thank Lord Palmerston for his letter +of the 27th July.</p> + +<p class="ind">The embodying of the Militia will be a most necessary +measure, as well for the defence of our own country, and for +keeping up on the Continent of Europe the knowledge that +we are not in a defenceless state, as for the purpose of obtaining +a sufficient number of volunteers for the Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes, therefore, that the Militia to be embodied +will be on a proper and sufficient scale. She must say, that +the last accounts from India show so formidable a state of +things that the military measures hitherto taken by the +Home Government, on whom the salvation of India must +mainly depend, appear to the Queen as by no means adequate +to the emergency. We have nearly gone to the full extent +of our available means, just as we did in the Crimean War, +and may be able to obtain successes; but we have not +laid in a store of troops, nor formed Reserves which could +carry us over a long struggle, or meet unforeseen new +calls. Herein we are always most shortsighted, and have +finally to suffer either in power and reputation, or to pay +enormous sums for small advantages in the end—generally +both.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes that the Cabinet will look the question +boldly in the face; nothing could be better than the Resolutions +passed in the House of Commons, insuring to the +Government every possible support in the adoption of vigorous +measures. It is generally the Government, and not the +House of Commons, who hang back. The Queen wishes +Lord Palmerston to communicate this letter to his Colleagues.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NAVY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>4th August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The defenceless state of our shores, now that the Army +has been reduced to eighteen effective Battalions, and the +evident inclinations of the Continental Powers, chiefly France +and Russia, to dictate to us with regard to the Oriental Question, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.242" id="pageiii.242"></a>[page 242]</span> +makes the Queen naturally turn her attention to the +state of our naval preparations and force.</p> + +<p class="ind">To render it possible to salute the Emperor<sup>30</sup> when he +comes here, the old <i>St Vincent</i> has been brought out of the +harbour, but has been manned chiefly by the men of the +<i>Excellent</i> gunnery ship; and we have been warned by the +Admiralty not to visit the <i>Excellent</i> in consequence. This +does not show a very brilliant condition! But what is still +more worthy of consideration is, that our new fleet, which +had been completed at the end of the Russian War, was <i>a +steam</i> fleet; when it was broken up at the Peace the dockyard +expenses were also cut down, and men discharged at the very +moment when totally new and extensive arrangements became +necessary to repair and keep in a state of efficiency the +valuable steam machinery, and to house our gunboat flotilla +on shore. To render any of these steamships fit for sea, now +that they are dismantled, with our <i>small</i> means as to basins +and docks, must necessarily cost much time.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes accordingly to have a report sent to her +as to the force of screw-ships of the Line and of other classes +which can be got ready at the different dockyards, and the +time required to get them to sea for actual service; and also +the time required to launch and get ready the gunboats. She +does not wish for a mere general answer from the Lords of +the Admiralty, but for detailed reports from the Admirals +commanding at the different ports, and particularly the +Captains in command of the Steam Reserve. She would only +add that she wishes no unnecessary time to be lost in the +preparation of these reports. She requests Lord Palmerston +to have these, her wishes, carried out.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 30: The Emperor and Empress of the French arrived at Osborne on the 6th of August +on a visit to the Queen and Prince, lasting for four days, during which time much discussion +took place between the Prince and Emperor on affairs in Eastern Europe. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF SIR HENRY LAWRENCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is afraid from the telegram of this morning +that affairs in India have not yet taken a favourable turn. +Delhi seems still to hold out, and the death of Sir H. Lawrence<sup>31</sup> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.243" id="pageiii.243"></a>[page 243]</span> +is a great loss. The Queen must repeat to Lord Palmerston +that the measures hitherto taken by the Government are +not commensurate with the magnitude of the crisis.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have given nearly all we have in reinforcements, and +if new efforts should become necessary, by the joining of the +Madras and Bombay Armies in the Revolt, for instance, it +will take months to prepare Reserves which ought now to +be ready. Ten Battalions of Militia to be called out is quite +inadequate; forty, at least, ought to be the number, for these +also exist only on paper. The augmentation of the Cavalry +and the Guards has not yet been ordered.</p> + +<p class="ind">Financial difficulties don't exist; the 14,000 men sent to +India are taken over by the Indian Government, and their +expense saved to us; and this appears hardly the moment +to make savings on the Army estimates.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: On the previous day, the Queen and Prince had returned from a visit to Cherbourg, +and found very disquieting news from India. Sir Henry Lawrence was the Military Administrator +and Chief Commissioner of Oudh; on the 30th of May, the 71st N.I. mutinied +at Lucknow, but Sir Henry drove them from their position and fortified the Residency. +Some weeks later, on sallying out to reconnoitre, the English were driven back and +besieged in the Residency; Sir Henry dying from the effects of a wound caused by a +shell. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RECRUITING</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>22nd August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty.... Viscount Palmerston has had the honour of +receiving your Majesty's communication of this morning. +It is, no doubt, true that the telegraphic account received +yesterday evening does not show, that at the dates mentioned +from India, any improvement had taken place in the state +of affairs, and the loss of Sir Henry Lawrence and of General +Barnard,<sup>32</sup> but especially of the former, is deeply to be lamented.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard, however, to the measures now taking to raise +a force to supply the place of the troops sent to India, and to +enlist recruits to fill up vacancies in the Regiments in India, +Viscount Palmerston would beg to submit that the steps now +taking seem to be well calculated for their purpose. The +recruiting for the Army has gone on more rapidly than could +have been expected at this particular time of year, and in a +fortnight or three weeks from this time will proceed still more +rapidly; the ten thousand Militia to be immediately embodied +will be as much as could probably be got together at the +present moment without much local inconvenience; but if +that number should be found insufficient, it would be easy +afterwards to embody more. But, if the recruiting should +go on successfully, that number of Militiamen in addition to +the Regulars may be found sufficient. Viscount Palmerston +begs to assure your Majesty that there is no wish to make +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.244" id="pageiii.244"></a>[page 244]</span> +savings on the amount voted for Army Services, but, on the +other hand, it would be very inconvenient and embarrassing +to exceed that amount without some urgent and adequate +necessity....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: He died of cholera at Delhi, on the 5th of July. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">In answer to Lord Palmerston's observations on our Military +preparations, the Queen must reply that, although Lord +Palmerston disclaims, on the part of the Government, the +intention of making a saving on the Army estimates out of +the fearful exigencies caused by the Indian Revolt, the facts +still remain. The Government have sent fourteen Battalions +out of the country and transferred them to the East India +Company, and they mean to replace them only by ten new +ones, whose organisation has been ordered; but even in +these, they mean for the present to save four Companies out +of every twelve. The Queen, the House of Lords, the House +of Commons, and the Press, all call out for vigorous exertion, +and the Government alone take an apologetic line, anxious +to do as little as possible, to wait for further news, to reduce +as low as possible even what they do grant, and reason as if +we had at most <i>only</i> to replace what was sent out; whilst +if new demands should come upon us, the Reserves which +ought now to be decided upon and organised, are only then +to be discussed. The Queen can the less reconcile herself +to the system, of "letting out a little sail at a time," as Lord +Palmerston called it the other day, as she feels convinced +that, if vigour and determination to get what will be eventually +wanted is shown by the Cabinet, it will pervade the whole +Government machinery and attain its object; but that if, +on the other hand, people don't see what the Government +really require, and find them satisfied with a little at a time, +even that little will not be got, as the subordinates naturally +take the tone from their superiors. Ten Militia Regiments +would not even represent the 10,000 men whom Parliament +has voted the supplies for. A Battalion will probably not +reach 600 for a time, and from these we hope to draw volunteers +again!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes the Cabinet will yet look the whole question +in the face, and decide while there is time what they must +know will become necessary, and what must in the hurry at +the end be done less well and at, probably, double the cost. +The Queen can speak by very recent experience, having seen +exactly the same course followed in the late War.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.245" id="pageiii.245"></a>[page 245]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>23rd August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves of Lord Fife<sup>33</sup> and Lord R. Grosvenor +being made Peers, and of an offer being made to Mr Macaulay, +although she believes he will decline the honour....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 33: James, fifth Viscount Macduff and Earl of Fife in the peerage of Ireland, was, on +the 1st of October, created a Baron of the United Kingdom; he was the father of the +present Duke of Fife. Lord Robert Grosvenor became Lord Ebury, and Mr Macaulay +Lord Macaulay of Rothley Temple (his birthplace), in the county of Leicester. +</p> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ARMY RESERVES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>25th August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Palmerston's letter of yesterday, +and must say that she is deeply grieved at her want of +success in impressing upon him the importance of meeting +the present dangers by agreeing on, and maturing a general +plan by which to replace <i>in kind</i> the troops sent out of the +country, and for which the money <i>has</i> been voted by Parliament.<sup>34</sup> +To the formation of the full number of Battalions, +and their full strength in Companies, Lord Palmerston objects +that the men will not be found to fill them, and therefore it is +left undone; to the calling-out of more Militia, he objects +that they ought not to be used as Recruiting Depôts, and if +many were called out the speed with which the recruiting +for the Army went on, would oblige them to be disbanded +again. The War Office pride themselves upon having got +1,000 men since the recruiting began; this is equal to 1,000 +a month or 12,000 a year, the ordinary wear and tear of the +Army!! Where will the Reserves for India be to be found? +It does not suffice merely to get <i>recruits</i>, as Lord Palmerston +says; they will not become <i>soldiers</i> for six months when got, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.246" id="pageiii.246"></a>[page 246]</span> +and in the meantime a sufficient number of Militia Regiments +ought to be drilled, and made efficient to relieve the Line +Regiments already sent, or yet to be sent, for these also are +at present necessarily good for nothing.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must say that the Government incur a fearful +responsibility towards their country by their apparent indifference. +God grant that no unforeseen European complication +fall upon this country—but we are really tempting +Providence.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes Lord Palmerston has communicated to +the Cabinet her views on the subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: After referring to the necessity for supplying by fresh drafts the gaps created in the +regiments in India, Lord Palmerston had written:—</p> + +<p class="note1">"If the Militia officers were to find that they were considered merely as drill sergeants +for the Line, they would grow careless and indifferent, and many whom it is desirable +to keep in the Service would leave it.</p> + +<p class="note1">"With regard to the number of Militiamen to be embodied, the question seems to be, +What is the number which will be wanted for the whole period to the 31st of March, +because it would be undesirable to call out and embody now Militia Regiments which +would become unnecessary during the winter by the progress of recruiting, and which, +from there being no funds applicable to their maintenance, it would become necessary to +disembody. The men would be now taken from industrial employment at a time when +labour is wanted, and would be turned adrift in the winter when there is less demand +for labour.</p> + +<p class="note1">"With respect to recruiting for the Army, every practicable means has been adopted +to hasten its success. Recruiting parties have been scattered over the whole of the +United Kingdom, and the permanent staff of the disembodied Militia have been furnished +with Beating Warrants enabling them to enlist recruits for the Line; and the recruiting +has been hitherto very successful. The only thing to be done is to raise men as fast as +possible, and to post them as they are raised to the Regiments and Battalions for which +they engage. The standard, moreover, has been lowered...." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD LANSDOWNE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>31st August 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">... Viscount Palmerston would beg to submit for your +Majesty's consideration whether he might be authorised by +your Majesty to offer to Lord Lansdowne promotion to the +title of Duke. Your Majesty may possibly not have in the +course of your Majesty's reign, long as it is to be hoped that +reign will be, any subject whose private and public character +will during so long a course of years as those which have been +the period of Lord Lansdowne's career, have more entitled +him to the esteem and respect of his fellow-countrymen, and +to the approbation of his Sovereign.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Lansdowne has now for several years given your +Majesty's Government the great and valuable support of his +advice in council, his assistance in debate, and the weight of +his character in the country, without any office. His health +and strength, Viscount Palmerston cannot disguise from himself, +have not been this year such as they had been; and if +your Majesty should contemplate marking at any time your +Majesty's sense of Lord Lansdowne's public services, there +could not be a better moment for doing so than the present; +and Viscount Palmerston has reason to believe that such an +act of grace would be very gratifying to the Liberal Party, +and would be deemed well bestowed even by those who are +of opposite politics.<sup>35</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Macaulay accepts the Peerage with much gratitude to +your Majesty.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 35: Lord Lansdowne declined the honour. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE INDIAN MUTINY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral Castle</span>, <i>2nd September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—... We are in sad anxiety about India, +which engrosses all our attention.<sup>36</sup> Troops cannot be raised +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.247" id="pageiii.247"></a>[page 247]</span> +fast or largely enough. And the horrors committed on the +poor ladies—women and children—are unknown in these ages, +and make one's blood run cold. Altogether, the whole is so +much more distressing than the Crimea—where there was +<i>glory</i> and honourable warfare, and where the poor women and +children were safe. Then the distance and the difficulty of +communication is such an additional suffering to us all. I +know you will feel much for us all. There is not a family +hardly who is not in sorrow and anxiety about their children, +and in all ranks—India being <i>the</i> place where every one was +anxious to place a son!</p> + +<p class="ind">We hear from <i>our</i> people (not Fritz) from Berlin, that the +King is in a very unsatisfactory state. <i>What</i> have you +heard?...</p> + +<p class="ind">Now, with Albert's love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 36: At Balmoral the Queen learned in greater detail of the atrocities which had been +committed upon the garrison at Cawnpore. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Brocket</span>, <i>10th September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty and begs to submit that an impression is beginning +to prevail that it would be a proper thing that a day should be +set apart for National Prayer and Humiliation with reference +to the present calamitous state of affairs in India, upon the +same principle on which a similar step was taken during the +Crimean War; and if your Majesty should approve, Viscount +Palmerston would communicate on the subject with the Archbishop +of Canterbury.... It is usual on such occasions that +the Archbishop of Canterbury should attend,<sup>37</sup> but in consideration +of the distance his attendance might well be dispensed +with on the present occasion.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 37: <i>I.e.</i> at the meeting of the Council which was to be summoned. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A DAY OF INTERCESSION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>11th September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston knows what the Queen's feelings are with +regard to Fast-days, which she thinks do not produce the +desired effect—from the manner in which they are appointed, +and the selections made for the Service—but she will not +oppose the natural feeling which any one must partake in, of +a desire to pray for our fellow-countrymen and women who +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.248" id="pageiii.248"></a>[page 248]</span> +are exposed to such imminent danger, and therefore sanctions +his consulting the Archbishop on the subject. She would, +however, suggest its being more appropriately called a day +of prayer and intercession for our suffering countrymen, than +of fast and humiliation, and of its being on a <i>Sunday</i>, and +not on a week-day: on the last Fast-day, the Queen heard +it generally remarked, that it produced more harm than +good, and that, if it were on a Sunday, it would be much +more generally observed. However, she will sanction whatever +is proper, but thinks it ought to be as soon as possible<sup>38</sup> +(in a fortnight or three weeks) if it is to be done +at all.</p> + +<p class="ind">She will hold a Council whenever it is wished.<sup>39</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 38: It was kept on the 7th of October (a Wednesday).</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 39: Shortly after the date of this letter came the intelligence from India that Delhi had +not fallen, and that the Lucknow garrison was not yet relieved. This news, coupled +with the tidings of fresh outbreaks, and the details of the horrors of Cawnpore, +generated deep feelings of resentment in the country. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral Castle</span>, <i>23rd September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes that the arrival of troops and ships with +Lord Elgin will be of material assistance, but still it does not +alter the state of affairs described by the Queen in her letter, +which she wrote to Lord Palmerston, and which she is glad +to see Lord Clarendon agrees in. Though we might have +perhaps wished the Maharajah<sup>40</sup> to express his feelings on the +subject of the late atrocities in India, it was hardly to be +expected that he (naturally of a negative, though gentle and +very amiable disposition) should pronounce an opinion on so +painful a subject, attached as he is to his country, and naturally +<i>still</i> possessing, with all his amiability and goodness, +an <i>Eastern nature</i>; he can also hardly, a deposed Indian +Sovereign, <i>not very</i> fond of the British rule as represented +by the East India Company, and, above all, impatient +of Sir John Login's<sup>41</sup> tutorship, be expected to <i>like</i> to +hear his country-people called <i>fiends</i> and <i>monsters</i>, and +to see them brought in hundreds, if not thousands, to be +executed.</p> + +<p class="ind">His best course is to say nothing, she must think.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is a great mercy he, poor boy, is not there.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 40: Lord Clarendon had written that he was "sorry to learn that the Maharajah +(Dhuleep Singh) had shown little or no regret for the atrocities which have been committed, +or sympathy with the sufferers."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 41: Sir John Spencer Login, formerly surgeon at the British Residency, Lucknow, +guardian of the Maharajah Dhuleep Singh, 1849-1858. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.249" id="pageiii.249"></a>[page 249]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Canning to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER FROM LORD CANNING</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Calcutta</span>, <i>25th September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and asks leave again to address your Majesty, although the +desire which he has felt that his next letter should announce +to your Majesty the fall of Delhi, and the first steps towards +a restoration of your Majesty's Authority throughout the +revolted Districts, cannot as yet be accomplished. But although +it is not in Lord Canning's power to report any very +marked success over the Rebels, he can confidently assure +your Majesty that a change in the aspect of affairs is gradually +taking place, which gives hope that the contest is drawing to +a close, and the day of punishment at hand....</p> + +<p class="ind">Another ground for good hopes is the appearance of things +at Lucknow. News just received from Sir James Outram +announces that he has joined General Havelock's force at +Cawnpore, and that the Troops crossed the Ganges into Oudh +on the 19th, with hardly any opposition. The European force +now advancing on Lucknow is about [ ]<a id="footnotetagXXVI42" name="footnotetagXXVI42"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI42"><sup>42</sup></a> strong, well +provided with Artillery. The beleaguered Garrison was in +good spirits on the 16th of September, and had provisions +enough to last to the end of the month. They had lately +inflicted severe losses on their assailants, and some of the +latter had dispersed. The influential proprietors and chiefs +of the country had begun to show symptoms of siding +with us.</p> + +<p class="ind">This is a very different state of things from that which +existed when General Havelock's force retired across the +Ganges in July; and Lord Canning prays and believes that +your Majesty will be spared the pain and horror of hearing +that the atrocities of Cawnpore have been re-enacted upon the +brave and enduring garrison of Lucknow. Every English +soldier who could be made to reach Cawnpore has been pushed +on to General Outram, even to the denuding of some points +of danger in the intervening country, and General Outram's +instructions are to consider the rescue of the garrison as the +one paramount object to which everything else is to give way. +The garrison (which, after all, is nothing more than the House +of the Resident, with defences hastily thrown up) contains +about three hundred and fifty European men, four hundred +and fifty women and children, and one hundred and twenty +sick, besides three hundred natives, hitherto faithful. The +city, and even the province, may be abandoned and recovered +again, but these lives must be saved now or never; and to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.250" id="pageiii.250"></a>[page 250]</span> +escape the sorrow and humiliation of such barbarities as have +already been endured elsewhere is worth any sacrifice. It +is in consideration of the state of things at these two most +critical points, Delhi and Lucknow, that Lord Canning ventures +to ask your Majesty to look hopefully to the events of +the next few weeks; notwithstanding that he is unable to +announce any signal success....</p> +<span class="rightnote">SIR COLIN CAMPBELL</span> +<p class="ind">Sir Colin Campbell has been in a state of delight ever since +his favourite 93rd landed five days ago.<a id="footnotetagXXVI43" name="footnotetagXXVI43"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI43"><sup>43</sup></a> He went to see +them on board their transport before they disembarked, and +when Lord Canning asked how he found them, replied that +the only thing amiss was that they had become too fat on the +voyage, and could not button their coats. But, indeed, all +the troops of the China force have been landed in the highest +possible condition of health and vigour. The 23rd, from its +large proportion of young soldiers, is perhaps the one most +likely to suffer from the climate and the hardships of the +Service—for, although no care or cost will be spared to keep +them in health and comfort, Lord Canning fears that hardships +there must be, seeing how vast an extent of usually productive +country will be barren for a time, and that the districts from +which some of our most valuable supplies, especially the supply +of carriage animals, are drawn, have been stripped bare, or +are still in revolt. As it is, the Commander-in-Chief has most +wisely reduced the amount of tent accommodation for officers +and men far below the ordinary luxurious Indian allowance.</p> + +<p class="ind">The presence of the ships of the Royal Navy has been of +the greatest service. At least eleven thousand seamen and +marines have been contributed by them for duty on shore, +and the broadsides of the <i>Sanspareil</i>, <i>Shannon</i>, and <i>Pearl</i>, +as +they lie along the esplanade, have had a very reassuring effect +upon the inhabitants of Calcutta, who, until lately, have +insisted pertinaciously that their lives and property were in +hourly danger.<a id="footnotetagXXVI44" name="footnotetagXXVI44"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI44"><sup>44</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">No line-of-battle ship has been seen in the Hooghly since +Admiral Watson sailed up to Chandernagore just a hundred +years ago;<a id="footnotetagXXVI45" name="footnotetagXXVI45"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI45"><sup>45</sup></a> and certainly nothing in his fleet was equal to +the <i>Sanspareil</i>. The natives stare at her, and call her "the +four-storied boat."</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.251" id="pageiii.251"></a>[page 251]</span> +<span class="rightnote">INDIA</span> +<p class="ind">For the future, if Delhi should fall and Lucknow be secured, +the work of pacification will go forward steadily. Many +points will have to be watched, and there may be occasional +resistance; but nothing like an organised contest against +authority is probable. The greatest difficulties will be in the +civil work of re-settlement. The recent death of Mr Colvin,<a id="footnotetagXXVI46" name="footnotetagXXVI46"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI46"><sup>46</sup></a> +the Lieutenant-Governor of the North-Western Provinces, has +removed an officer whose experience would there have been +most valuable. He has died, fairly exhausted; and is the +fourth officer of high trust whose life has given way in the last +four months.</p> + +<p class="ind">One of the greatest difficulties which lie ahead—and Lord +Canning grieves to say so to your Majesty—will be the violent +rancour of a very large proportion of the English community +against every native Indian of every class. There is a rabid +and indiscriminate vindictiveness abroad, even amongst many +who ought to set a better example, which it is impossible to +contemplate without something like a feeling of shame for +one's fellow-countrymen. Not one man in ten seems to think +that the hanging and shooting of forty or fifty thousand +mutineers, besides other Rebels, can be otherwise than practicable +and right; nor does it occur to those who talk and +write most upon the matter that for the Sovereign of England +to hold and govern India without employing, and, to a great +degree, trusting natives, both in civil and military service, is +simply impossible. It is no exaggeration to say that a vast +number of the European community would hear with pleasure +and approval that every Hindoo and Mohammedan had been +proscribed, and that none would be admitted to serve the +Government except in a menial office. That which they +desire is to see a broad line of separation, and of declared +distrust drawn between us Englishmen and every subject of +your Majesty who is not a Christian, and who has a dark skin; +and there are some who entirely refuse to believe in the +fidelity or goodwill of any native towards any European; +although many instances of the kindness and generosity of +both Hindoos and Mohammedans have come upon record +during these troubles.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE POLICY OF CLEMENCY</span> +<p class="ind">To those whose hearts have been torn by the foul barbarities +inflicted upon those dear to them any degree of bitterness +against the natives may be excused. No man will dare to +judge them for it. But the cry is raised loudest by those who +have been sitting quietly in their homes from the beginning +and have suffered little from the convulsions around them +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.252" id="pageiii.252"></a>[page 252]</span> +unless it be in pocket. It is to be feared that this feeling of +exasperation will be a great impediment in the way of restoring +tranquillity and good order, even after signal retribution shall +have been deliberately measured out to all chief offenders.<sup>47</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning is ashamed of having trespassed upon your +Majesty's indulgence at such length. He will only add that +he has taken the liberty of sending to your Majesty by this +mail a map which has just been finished, showing the distribution +of the Army throughout India at the time of the +outbreak of the Mutiny. It also shows the Regiments of the +Bengal Army which have mutinied, and those which have +been disarmed, the number of European troops arrived in +Calcutta up to the 19th of September, and whence they came; +with some few other points of information.</p> + +<p class="ind">There may be some slight inaccuracies, as the first copies +of the map have only just been struck off, and have not been +corrected; but Lord Canning believes that it will be interesting +to your Majesty at the present moment.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning begs to be allowed to express his earnest wishes +for the health of your Majesty, and of His Royal Highness +Prince Albert, and to offer to your Majesty the humble assurance +of his sincere and dutiful devotion.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI42" name="footnoteXXVI42"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI42">Footnote 42:</a> Word omitted in the original.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI43" name="footnoteXXVI43"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI43">Footnote 43:</a> At the battle of the Alma, Sir Colin Campbell, in command of the 2nd or Highland +Brigade of the 1st Division, had, with his Highlanders in line, routed the last compact +column of the Russians. On the 11th of July 1857, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief +in India, and started literally at one day's notice, reaching Calcutta on the 14th of +August.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI44" name="footnoteXXVI44"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI44">Footnote 44:</a> The services of the Naval Brigade, at the relief of Lucknow, were warmly recognised +by Sir Colin Campbell, and especially the gallantry of Captain Peel of the <i>Shannon</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI45" name="footnoteXXVI45"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI45">Footnote 45:</a> In retribution for the atrocity of the Black Hole of Calcutta, Watson, under +instructions from Clive, reduced Chandernagore on the 23rd of March 1757; the battle +of Plassey was fought on the 23rd of June.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI46" name="footnoteXXVI46"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI46">Footnote 46:</a> John Russell Colvin, formerly Private Secretary to Lord Auckland, had been +Lieutenant-Governor since 1853. +</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 47: Lord Canning having promulgated a Proclamation in July, enjoining the Civil +Servants of the East India Company to refrain from unnecessary severity, had earned +the <i>sobriquet</i> of "Clemency Canning." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>28th September 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is much surprised at Lord Clarendon's observing +that "from what he hears the Maharajah was either from +nature or early education cruel."<sup>48</sup> He must have changed +very suddenly if this be true, for if there was a thing for which +he was remarkable, it was his extreme gentleness and kindness +of disposition. We have known him for three years (our two +boys intimately), and he always shuddered at hurting anything, +and was peculiarly gentle and kind towards children +and animals, and if anything rather timid; so that all who +knew him said he never could have had a chance in his own +country. His valet, who is a very respectable Englishman, +and has been with him ever since his twelfth year, says that +he never knew a kinder or more amiable disposition. The +Queen fears that people who do not know him well have been +led away by their present very natural feelings of hatred and +distrust of all Indians to slander him. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.253" id="pageiii.253"></a>[page 253]</span> +What he might turn out, if left in the hands of unscrupulous +Indians in his own country, of course no one +can foresee.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 48: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.248" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 248</a>, note 40. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>17th October 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received yesterday evening the box with the +Dockyard Returns. It will take her some time to peruse and +study them; she wishes, however, to remark upon two points, +and to have them pointed out also to Sir Charles Wood,<sup>49</sup> viz. +first, that they are dated some as early as the 27th August, and +none later than the 10th September, and that she received +them, only on the <i>17th October</i>; and then that there is not one +original Return amongst them, but they are all copies! +When the Queen asks for Returns, to which she attaches great +importance, she expects at least to see them in original.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 49: First Lord of the Admiralty. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCESS ROYAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th October 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these letters. It would be well if Lord +Clarendon would tell Lord Bloomfield not to <i>entertain</i> the +<i>possibility</i> of such a question as the Princess Royal's marriage +taking place at Berlin.<sup>50</sup> The Queen <i>never</i> could consent to it, +both for public and private reasons, and the assumption of +its being <i>too much</i> for a Prince Royal of Prussia to <i>come</i> over to +marry <i>the Princess Royal of Great Britain</i> <span class="sc">IN</span> England is too +<i>absurd</i>, to say the least. The Queen must say that there never +was even the <i>shadow</i> of a <i>doubt</i> on <i>Prince Frederick +William's</i> +part as to <i>where</i> the marriage should take place, and she suspects +this to be the mere gossip of the Berliners. Whatever +may be the usual practice of Prussian Princes, it is not <i>every</i> +day that one marries the eldest daughter of the Queen of +England. The question therefore must be considered as +settled and closed....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: The marriage took place at the Chapel Royal, St James's. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Clarendon.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF THE DUCHESS DE NEMOURS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th November 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Clarendon much for his kind and +sympathising letter, and is much gratified at Count Persigny's +kind note. He <i>is</i> a good, honest, warm-hearted man, for +whom we have sincere esteem. The news from India was a great +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.254" id="pageiii.254"></a>[page 254]</span> +relief and a <i>ray</i> of sunshine in our great affliction.<a id="footnotetagXXVI51" name="footnotetagXXVI51"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI51"><sup>51</sup></a> The Queen +had the happiness of informing poor Sir George Couper of the +relief of Lucknow, in which for four months his son, daughter-in-law, +and grandchildren were shut up. The loss of two such +distinguished officers as Generals Nicholson and Neill, and alas! +of many inferior ones, is, however, very sad.</p> + +<p class="ind">We visited the house of mourning yesterday, and <i>no words +can</i> describe the scene of woe.<a id="footnotetagXXVI52" name="footnotetagXXVI52"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI52"><sup>52</sup></a> There was the venerable +Queen with the motherless children, admirable in her deep +grief, and her pious resignation to the Will of God! yet even +now the support, the comfort of all, thinking but of others and +ready to devote her last remaining strength and her declining +years to her children and grandchildren. There was the +broken-hearted, almost distracted widower—<i>her son</i>—and +lastly, there was in one room the lifeless, but oh! even in its +ghostliness, most beautiful form of his young, lovely, and +angelic wife, lying in her bed with her splendid hair covering +her shoulders, and a heavenly expression of peace; and +in the next room, the dear little pink infant sleeping in +its cradle.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen leaves to Lord Clarendon's kind heart to imagine +what this spectacle of woe must be, and how <i>deeply</i> afflicted and +impressed <i>we must be</i>—who have only so lately had a child +born to us and have been so fortunate! The Prince has been +<i>completely</i> upset by this; and she was besides like a dear sister +to us. God's will be done! But it seems <i>too</i> dreadful almost +to believe it—too hard to bear. The dear Duchess's death +must have been caused by some affection of the heart, for she +was perfectly well, having her hair combed, suddenly exclaimed +to the Nurse, "Oh! mon Dieu, Madame"—her head +fell on one side—and before the Duke could run upstairs her +hand was cold! The Queen had visited her on Saturday—looking +well—and <i>yesterday</i> saw her lifeless form in the very +same spot!</p> + +<p class="ind">If Lord Clarendon could give a slight hint to the <i>Times</i> to +say a few words of sympathy on the awful and unparalleled +misfortune of these poor exiles, she is sure it would be very +soothing to their bleeding hearts.... The sad event at +Claremont took place just five days later than the death of poor +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.255" id="pageiii.255"></a>[page 255]</span> +Princess Charlotte under very similar circumstances forty +years ago; and the poor Duchess was the niece of Princess +Charlotte's husband.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI51" name="footnoteXXVI51"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI51">Footnote 51:</a> Havelock, in consequence of the strength of the rebels in Oudh, had been unable to +march to the assistance of Lucknow immediately after the relief of Cawnpore. He +joined hands with Outram on the 10th of September, and reinforced the Lucknow +garrison on the 25th.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVI52" name="footnoteXXVI52"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI52">Footnote 52:</a> In a pathetic letter, just received, the Duc de Nemours (second son of Louis Philippe) +had announced the death of his wife, Queen Victoria's beloved cousin and friend. She +was only thirty-five years of age, and had been married at eighteen. She had seemed to +make a good recovery after the birth of a child on the 28th of October, but died quite +suddenly on the 10th of November, while at her toilette. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CRISIS IN THE CITY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>12th November 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the condition of financial +affairs became worse to-day than it was yesterday.<a id="footnotetagXXVI53" name="footnotetagXXVI53"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVI53"><sup>53</sup></a> The +Governor of the bank represented that almost all private firms +have ceased to discount bills, and that the Reserve Fund of +the Bank of England, out of which discounts are made and +liabilities satisfied, had been reduced last night to £1,400,000, +and that if that fund should become exhausted the bank would +have to suspend its operations. Under these circumstances it +appeared to Viscount Palmerston, and to the Chancellor of the +Exchequer, that a case had arisen for doing the same thing +which was done under somewhat similar circumstances in +1847—that is to say, that a letter should be written by the first +Lord of the Treasury and the Chancellor of the Exchequer to +the Governor of the Bank of England, saying that if under +the pressure of the emergency the bank should deem it necessary +to issue more notes than the amount to which they are +at present confined by law, the Government would apply to +Parliament to grant them an indemnity.</p> + +<p class="ind">This Measure, in 1847, had the effect of stopping the then +existing panic, and the necessity for making such an issue did +not arise; on the present occasion this announcement will, +no doubt, have a salutary effect in allaying the present panic, +but as the bank had to discount to-day bills to the amount of +£2,000,000, which they could not have done out of a fund of +£1,400,000, unless deposits and payments in, to a considerable +amount, had been made, the probability is that the issue thus +authorised will actually be made. The Governor and Deputy-Governor +of the bank represented that the communication, +in order to be effectual and to save from ruin firms which were +in imminent danger, ought to be made forthwith, so that they +might be enabled to announce it on the Stock Exchange before +the closing of business at four o'clock. Viscount Palmerston +and Sir George Lewis therefore signed at once, and gave to the +Governor of the bank the letter of which the accompanying +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.256" id="pageiii.256"></a>[page 256]</span> +paper is a copy, the pressure of the matter not allowing time +to take your Majesty's pleasure beforehand.</p> +<span class="rightnote">SUSPENSION OF BANK CHARTER ACT</span> +<p class="ind">The state of things now is more urgent than that which +existed in 1847, when the similar step was taken; at that time +the Reserve Fund was about £1,900,000, last night it was only +£1,400,000; at that time the bullion in the bank was above +£8,000,000, it is now somewhat less than £8,000,000; at that +time things were mending, they are now getting worse.</p> + +<p class="ind">But however necessary this Measure has been considered, +and however useful it may be expected to be, it inevitably +entails one very inconvenient consequence. The Government +have authorised the bank to break the law, and whether the +law shall actually be broken or not, it would be highly unconstitutional +for the Government not to take the earliest opportunity +of submitting the matter to the knowledge of Parliament. +This course was pursued in 1847. The letter from +Lord John Russell and Sir Charles Wood to the Governor of the +bank was dated on the 25th October, Parliament then stood +prorogued in the usual way to the 11th November, but a council +was held on the 31st October, at which your Majesty summoned +Parliament to meet for the despatch of business on the +18th November; and on that day the session was opened +in the usual way by a Speech from the Throne. It would be +impossible under present circumstances to put off till the +beginning of February a communication to Parliament of the +step taken to-day.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston therefore would beg to submit for your +Majesty's approval that a Council might be held at Windsor +on Monday next, and that Parliament might then be summoned +to meet in fourteen days. This would bring Parliament +together in the first days of December, and after sitting +ten days, or a fortnight, if necessary, it might be adjourned till +the first week in February.<sup>54</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston submits an explanatory Memorandum +which he has just received for your Majesty's information from +the Chancellor of the Exchequer....</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVI53" name="footnoteXXVI53"></a> +<a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVI53">Footnote 53:</a> The financial crisis had originated in numerous stoppages of banks in the United +States, where premature schemes of railway extension had involved countless investors +in ruin; in consequence, the pressure on firms and financial houses became even more +acute than in 1847; see <i>ante</i>, vol. ii. pp. <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130" style="font-weight: normal;">130</a>, <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131" style="font-weight: normal;">131</a>. The bank rate now rose to 10 per +cent. as against 9 per cent. in that year, and the bank reserve of bullion was alarmingly +depleted.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 54: Parliament accordingly met on the 3rd of December, and the Session was opened +by the Queen in person. The Act of Indemnity was passed without serious opposition, +and a select committee re-appointed to enquire into the operation of the Bank Charter +Act. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ARMY ESTABLISHMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>18th December 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has had some correspondence with Lord Panmure +upon the Establishment of the Army for the next +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.257" id="pageiii.257"></a>[page 257]</span> +financial year.<sup>55</sup> She wishes now to lay down the principle +which she thinks ought to guide our decision, and asks Lord +Palmerston to consider it with his colleagues in Cabinet. Last +year we reduced our Army suddenly to a low peace establishment +to meet the demand for reduction of taxation raised +in the House of Commons. With this peace establishment we +had to meet the extraordinary demands of India, we have +sent almost every available regiment, battalion, and battery, +and are forced to contemplate the certainty of a large increase +of our force in India as a permanent necessity. What the +Queen requires is, that a well-considered and digested estimate +should be made of the additional regiments, etc., etc., so required, +and that after deducting this number from our establishment +of 1857-1858, that for the next year should be brought +up again to the same condition as if the Indian demand, which +is foreign to our ordinary consideration, had not arisen. If this +be done it will still leave us militarily weaker than we were at +the beginning of the year, for the larger English Army maintained +in India will require proportionally more reliefs and +larger depôts.</p> + +<p class="ind">As the Indian finances pay for the troops employed in +India, the Force at home and in the colonies will, when +raised to its old strength, not cost a shilling more than the +peace establishment of 1857 settled under a pressure of +financial reduction.</p> + +<p class="ind">Anything less than this will not leave this country in a safe +condition. The Queen does not ask only for the same number +of men as in 1857-1858, but particularly for Regiments of +Cavalry, Battalions of Infantry and Batteries of Artillery, +which alone would enable us in case of a war to effect the +increase to a war establishment.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen encloses her answer to Lord Panmure's last +letter.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 55: On the 14th of December, the Queen had pressed the immediate formation of two +new Cavalry Regiments. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GOVERNMENT OF INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>24th December 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen only now returns to Lord Palmerston the Memorandum +containing the Heads of an arrangement for the future +Government of India, which the Committee of Cabinet have +agreed to recommend. She will have an opportunity of seeing +Lord Palmerston before the Cabinet meet again, and to hear +a little more in detail the reasons which influenced the Committee +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.258" id="pageiii.258"></a>[page 258]</span> +in their several decisions. She wishes only to recommend +two points to Lord Palmerston's consideration: 1st, the +mode of communication between the Queen and the new +Government which it is intended to establish. As long as the +Government was that of the Company, the Sovereign was +generally left quite ignorant of decisions and despatches; now +that the Government is to be that of the Sovereign, and the +direction will, she presumes, be given in her name, a direct +official responsibility to her will have to be established. She +doubts whether any one but a Secretary of State could speak +in the Queen's name, like the Foreign Secretary to Foreign +Courts, the Colonial Secretary to the Governors of the Colonies, +and the Home Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland +and the Lieutenants of the Counties of Great Britain, the +Judges, Convocations, Mayors, etc., etc. On the other hand, +would the position of a Secretary of State be compatible with +his being President of a Council? The Treasury and Admiralty +act as "My Lords," but they only administer special +departments, and do not direct the policy of a country in the +Queen's name. The mixture of supreme direction, and also +of the conduct of the administration of the department to be +directed, has in practice been found as inconvenient in the +War Department as it is wrong in principle.</p> + +<p class="ind">The other point is the importance of having only <i>one</i> Army, +whether native, local, or general, with one discipline and one +command, that of the Commander-in-Chief. This is quite +compatible with first appointments to the native Army, being +vested as a point of patronage in the members of the Council, +but it ought to be distinctly recognised in order to do away +with those miserable jealousies between the different military +services, which have done more harm to us in India than, +perhaps, any other circumstance.</p> + +<p class="ind">Perhaps Lord Palmerston would circulate this letter +amongst the members of the Committee who agreed upon the +proposed scheme?</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Canning to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF HAVELOCK</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Government House, Calcutta</span>, <i>24th December 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs permission to express to your Majesty at the earliest +opportunity the respectful gratitude with which he has received +your Majesty's most gracious letter of the 9th of +November.</p> + +<p class="ind">However certain Lord Canning might have been as to the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.259" id="pageiii.259"></a>[page 259]</span> +sentiments with which your Majesty would view the spirit +of bitter and unreasoning vengeance against your Majesty's +Indian subjects with which too many minds are imbued in +England as well as in this country, it has been an indescribable +pleasure to him to read what your Majesty has condescended +to write to him upon this painful topic. Your Majesty's +gracious kindness in the reference made by your Majesty to +what is said by the newspapers is also deeply felt by Lord +Canning. He can truly and conscientiously assure your +Majesty of his indifference to all such attacks—an indifference +so complete indeed as to surprise himself.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning fears that the satisfaction which your Majesty +will have experienced very shortly after the date of your +Majesty's letter, upon receiving the news of Sir Henry Havelock's +entry into Lucknow, will have been painfully checked +by the long and apparently blank interval which followed, +and during which your Majesty's anxieties for the ultimate +safety of the garrison, largely increased by many precious +lives, must have become more intense than ever. Happily, +this suspense is over; and the real rescue effected by a glorious +combination of skill and intrepidity on the part of Sir Colin +Campbell and his troops must have been truly gratifying to +your Majesty.<sup>56</sup> The defence of Lucknow and the relief of the +defenders are two exploits which, each in their kind, will stand +out brightly in the history of these terrible times.</p> + +<p class="ind"> ... Lord Canning has not failed to transmit your Majesty's +gracious message to Sir Colin Campbell, and has taken the +liberty to add your Majesty's words respecting his favourite +93rd, which will not be less grateful to the brave old soldier +than the expression of your Majesty's consideration for +himself.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty has lost two most valuable officers in Sir +Henry Havelock and Brigadier-General Neill. They were very +different, however. The first was quite of the old school—severe +and precise with his men, and very cautious in his +movements and plans—but in action bold as well as skilful. +The second very open and impetuous, but full of resources; +and to his soldiers as kind and thoughtful of their comfort as +if they had been his children.</p> + +<p class="ind">With earnest wishes for the health and happiness of your +Majesty and the Prince, Lord Canning begs permission to lay +at your Majesty's feet the assurance of his most dutiful and +devoted attachment.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 56: Sir Colin Campbell had relieved Lucknow on the 17th of November, but Sir Henry +Havelock (as he had now become) died from illness and exhaustion. General Neill had +been killed on the occasion of the reinforcement in September, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.254" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 254</a>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.260" id="pageiii.260"></a>[page 260]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Panmure.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ARMY ORGANISATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>29th December 1857</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Panmure's letter and Memorandum +of the 24th. She must say that she still adheres to +her views as formerly expressed. Lord Panmure admits that +the two plans don't differ materially in expense. It becomes, +then, a mere question of organisation and of policy. As to +the first, all military authorities of all countries and times +agree upon the point that numerous <i>cadres</i> with fewer men give +the readiest means of increasing an army on short notice, the +main point to be attended to in a constitutional and democratic +country like England. As to the second, a system of organisation +will always be easier defended than mere numbers +arbitrarily fixed, and Parliament ought to have the possibility +of voting more or voting fewer men, according to their views of +the exigencies of the country, or the pressure of finance at +different times, and to be able to do so without deranging the +organisation.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes Lord Panmure will look at our position, +as if the Indian demands had not arisen, and he will find that +to come to Parliament with the Cavalry borne on the estimates +reduced by three regiments (as will be the case even after two +shall have returned from India, and the two new ones shall +have been formed), will certainly not prove <i>too little</i> anxiety +on the part of the Government to cut down our military +establishments.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.261" id="pageiii.261"></a>[page 261]</span> + + + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXVII</h3> + + +<p>On the 25th of January of the new year (1858) Prince Frederick +William of Prussia (afterwards the Emperor Frederick) was married, +with brilliant ceremonial, to the Princess Royal, at the Chapel Royal, +St James's, an event marked by general national rejoicings; another +event in the private life of the Queen, but one of a melancholy +character, was the death of the Duchess of Orleans at the age of +forty-four.</p> + +<p>A determined attempt was made by Orsini, Pierri, and others, +members of the Carbonari Society, to assassinate the Emperor and +Empress of the French by throwing grenades filled with detonating +powder under their carriage. The Emperor was only slightly hurt, +but several bystanders were killed, and very many more wounded. +The plot had been conceived, and the grenades manufactured in +England, and a violently hostile feeling was engendered in France +against this country, owing to the prescriptive right of asylum enjoyed +by foreign refugees. The French <i>militaires</i> were particularly vehement +in their language, and Lord Palmerston so far bowed to the +demands of the French Foreign Minister as to introduce a Bill to +make the offence of conspiracy to murder, a felony instead of, as it +had previously been, a misdemeanour. The Conservative Party +supported the introduction of the Bill, but, on the second reading, +joined with <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'eighy'">eighty</ins>-four Liberals and four Peelites in supporting an +Amendment by Mr Milner Gibson, postponing the reform of the +Criminal Law till the peremptory demands of Count Walewski had +been formally answered. The Ministry was defeated and resigned, +and Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli returned to Office. Orsini and Pierri +were executed in Paris, but the state trial in London of a Dr Bernard, +a resident of Bayswater, for complicity, ended, mainly owing to the +menacing attitude of France over the whole question, in an acquittal. +The Italian nationality of the chief conspirators endangered, but +only temporarily, the important <i>entente</i> between France and Sardinia.</p> + +<p>Before the resignation of the Ministry, the thanks of both Houses +of Parliament were voted to the civil and military officers of India +for their exertions in suppressing the Mutiny; the Opposition endeavoured +to obtain the omission of the name of Lord Canning from +the address, till his conduct of affairs had been discussed. The +difficulties in India were not at an end, for Sir Colin Campbell had +been unable to hold Lucknow, and had transferred the rescued garrison +to Cawnpore, which he re-occupied. It was not till the end of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.262" id="pageiii.262"></a>[page 262]</span> +March that Lucknow was captured by the Commander-in-Chief, who +was raised to the peerage as Lord Clyde, after the taking of Jhansi +and of Gwalior in Central India, by Sir Hugh Rose, had virtually +terminated the revolt.</p> + +<p>In anticipation of the capture of Lucknow, the Governor-General +had prepared a proclamation for promulgation in Oudh, announcing +that, except in the case of certain loyal Rajahs, proprietary rights +in the soil of the province would be confiscated. One copy of the +draft was sent home, and another shown to Sir James Outram, Chief +Commissioner of Oudh, and, in consequence of the latter's protest +against its severity, as making confiscation the rule and not the +exception, an exemption was inserted in favour of such landowners +as should actively co-operate in restoring order. On receiving the +draft in its unaltered form, Lord Ellenborough, the new President of +the Board of Control, forwarded a despatch to Lord Canning, strongly +condemning his action, and, on the publication of this despatch, the +Ministry narrowly escaped Parliamentary censure. Lord Ellenborough +himself resigned, and was succeeded by Lord Stanley. +Attempts had been made by both Lord Palmerston and Lord Derby +to pass measures for the better government of India. After two Bills +had been introduced and withdrawn, the procedure by resolution +was resorted to, and a measure was ultimately passed transferring +the Government of India to the Crown.</p> + +<p>The China War terminated on the 26th of June, by the treaty of +Tien-tsin, which renewed the treaty of 1842, and further opened up +China to British commerce. A dispute with Japan led to a treaty +signed at Yeddo by Lord Elgin and the representatives of the Tycoon, +enlarging British diplomatic and trade privileges in that country.</p> + +<p>The Budget of Mr Disraeli imposed for the first time a penny stamp +on bankers' cheques; a compromise was arrived at on the Oaths +question, the words "on the true faith of a Christian" having hitherto +prevented Jews from sitting in Parliament. They were now enabled +to take the oath with the omission of these words, and Baron +Rothschild took his seat for the City of London accordingly.</p> + +<p>Among the other events of importance in the year were the satisfactory +termination of a dispute with the Neapolitan Government +arising out of the seizure of the <i>Cagliari</i>; a modified union, under a +central Commission, of Moldavia and Wallachia; the despatch of +Mr Gladstone by the Conservative Government as High Commissioner +to the Ionian Islands; and the selection of Ottawa, formerly +known as Bytown, for the capital of the Dominion of Canada.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.263" id="pageiii.263"></a>[page 263]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXVII</h2> + +<h5>1858</h5> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th January 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Accept my warmest thanks for your +kind and affectionate letter of the 8th. I hope and trust to +hear that your cold has left you, and that on Monday I shall +have the immense happiness of embracing you.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is a time of immense bustle and agitation; I <i>feel</i> it is +terrible to give up one's poor child, and <i>feel</i> very nervous for +the coming time, and for the departure. But I am glad to +see Vicky is quite well again and <i>unberufen</i> has got over her +cold and is very well. But she has had ever since January '57 +a succession of emotions and leave-takings—most trying to +any one, but particularly to so young a girl with such <i>very</i> +powerful feelings. She is so much improved in self-control +and is so clever (I may say wonderfully so), and so sensible +that we can talk to her of anything—and therefore shall miss +her sadly. But we try <i>not</i> to dwell on or to think of <i>that</i>, as +I am sure it is much better <i>not</i> to do so and not get ourselves +<i>émus</i> beforehand, or she will break down as well as we, and that +never would do.</p> + +<p class="ind">To-day arrive (on a visit <i>here</i>) <i>her</i> Court—which is a very +good thing, so that she will get acquainted with them....</p> + +<p class="ind">The affection for her, and the loyalty shown by the country +at large on this occasion is <i>most</i> truly gratifying—and for so +young a child really <i>very, very</i> pleasing to our feelings. The +Nation look upon her, as Cobden said, as "<i>England's</i> daughter," +and as if they married a child of their own, which is <i>very</i> +satisfactory, and shows, in spite of a few newspaper follies and +absurdities, how really <i>sound</i> and <i>monarchical</i> everything is +in this country. Now, with Albert's love, ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCESS ROYAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Accept my warmest thanks for your +very kind and affectionate letter of the 4th, with such kind +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.264" id="pageiii.264"></a>[page 264]</span> +accounts of our dear child, who was so thankful for your +kindness and affection, and of whose immense and universal +success and admirable behaviour—natural yet dignified—we +have the most charming accounts. I send you a letter from +Augusta<sup>1</sup> (Mecklenburg), which will give you an idea of the +impression produced, begging you to let me have it back soon. +She is quite well and <i>not</i> tired. But the separation was <i>awful</i>, +and the poor child was <i>quite</i> broken-hearted, particularly at +parting from her dearest beloved papa, whom she <i>idolises</i>. +<i>How</i> we miss her, I can't say, and never having been separated +from her since thirteen years above a fortnight, I am in a +constant fidget and impatience to know everything about +<i>every</i>thing. It is a <i>great, great</i> trial for a <i>Mother</i> who has +watched over her child with such anxiety day after day, +to see her far away—dependent on herself! But I have +great confidence in her good sense, clever head, kind and +good heart, in Fritz's excellent character and devotion to +her, and in faithful E. Stockmar, who possesses her <i>entire</i> +confidence.</p> + +<p class="ind">The blank she has left behind is <i>very great</i> indeed....</p> + +<p class="ind">To-morrow is the eighteenth anniversary of my blessed +marriage, which has brought such universal blessings on this +country and Europe! For <i>what</i> has not my beloved and +perfect Albert done? Raised monarchy to the <i>highest</i> pinnacle +of <i>respect</i>, and rendered it <i>popular</i> beyond what it <i>ever</i> was +in +this country!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Bill proposed by the Government to improve the law +respecting conspiracy and assassination will pass, and Lord +Derby has been most useful about it.<sup>2</sup> But people are very +indignant here at the conduct of the French officers, and at the +offensive insinuations against this country.<sup>3</sup>....</p> + +<p class="ind">Hoping to hear that you are quite well, and begging to +thank Leopold very much for his very kind letter, believe me, +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: Elder daughter of Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, and now Grand Duchess-Dowager +of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 2: Lord Derby and his party, however, changed their attitude in the next few days, +and succeeded in putting the Government in a minority.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 3: On the 14th of January, the assassination of the French Emperor, which had been +planned in England by Felice Orsini and other refugees, was attempted. On the arrival +of the Imperial carriage at the Opera House in the Rue Lepelletier, explosive hand-grenades +were thrown at it, and though the Emperor and Empress were unhurt, ten people +were either killed outright or died of their wounds, and over one hundred and fifty were +injured. Notwithstanding the scene of carnage, their Majesties maintained their composure +and sat through the performance of the Opera. In the addresses of congratulation +to the Emperor on his escape (published, some of them inadvertently, in the official +<i>Moniteur</i>), officers commanding French regiments used language of the most insulting +character to England, and Count Walewski, the French Foreign Minister, in a despatch, +recommended the British Government to take steps to prevent the right of asylum being +abused. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.265" id="pageiii.265"></a>[page 265]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEFEAT OF THE GOVERNMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>19th February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and is sorry to have to inform your Majesty that the +Government were beat this evening on Mr Milner Gibson's<a id="footnotetagXXVII4" name="footnotetagXXVII4"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVII4"><sup>4</sup></a> +Amendment by a majority of 19,<a id="footnotetagXXVII5" name="footnotetagXXVII5"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVII5"><sup>5</sup></a> the numbers being for his +Amendment, 234, and against it 215.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Milner Gibson began the Debate by moving his Amendment +in a speech of considerable ability, but abounding in +misrepresentation, which nevertheless produced a marked +effect upon the House. Mr Baines followed, but only argued +the Bill without replying to Mr Gibson's speech. This was +remarked upon by Mr Walpole, who followed him, and who +said that though he approved of the Bill he could not vote for +reading it a second time until Count Walewski's despatch had +been answered. Mr MacMahon supported the Amendment, +as did Mr Byng. Sir George Grey, who followed Mr Walpole, +defended the Bill and the course pursued by the Government +in not having answered Count Walewski's despatch until after +the House of Commons should have affirmed the Bill by a +Second Reading. Mr Spooner remained steady to his purpose, +and would vote against the Amendment, though in doing so +he should differ from his friends. Lord Harry Vane opposed +the Amendment, as interfering with the passing of the Bill, +and Mr Bentinck took the same line, and replied to some of +the arguments of Mr Milner Gibson. Mr Henley said he +should vote for the Amendment. The Lord Advocate made a +good speech against it. Mr Gladstone spoke with his usual +talent in favour of the Amendment, and was answered by the +Attorney-General in a speech which would have convinced +men who had not taken a previous determination. He was +followed by Mr Disraeli, who seemed confident of success, and +he was replied to by Viscount Palmerston, and the House then +divided.</p> + +<p class="ind">It seems that Lord Derby had caught at an opportunity of +putting the Government in a minority. He saw that there +were ninety-nine Members who were chiefly of the Liberal +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.266" id="pageiii.266"></a>[page 266]</span> +Party, who had voted against the Bill when it was first proposed, +and who were determined to oppose it in all its stages. +He calculated that if his own followers were to join those +ninety-nine, the Government might be run hard, or perhaps be +beaten, and he desired all his friends<sup>6</sup> to support Mr Milner +Gibson; on the other hand, many of the supporters of the +Government, relying upon the majority of 200, by which +the leave to bring the Bill in had been carried, and upon the +majority of 145 of last night, had gone out of town for a few +days, not anticipating any danger to the Government from +Mr Gibson's Motion, and thus an adverse division was obtained. +Moreover, Count Walewski's despatch, the tone and +tenor of which had been much misrepresented, had produced +a very unfavourable effect on the mind of members in general, +and there was a prevailing feeling very difficult to overcome, +that the proposed Bill was somehow or other a concession to +the demand of a Foreign Government. The Cabinet will have +to consider at its meeting at three o'clock to-morrow what +course the Government will have to pursue.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVII4" name="footnoteXXVII4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVII4">Footnote 4:</a> Mr Milner Gibson had found a seat at Ashton-under-Lyne.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVII5" name="footnoteXXVII5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVII5">Footnote 5:</a> The Conspiracy Bill aimed at making conspiracy to murder a felony, instead of, as +it had previously been, a misdemeanour, and leave had been given by a large majority to +introduce it; but when Count Walewski's despatch to Count de Persigny came to be published, +the feeling gained ground that the Government had shown undue subservience in +meeting the representations of the French Ambassador. The despatch had not actually +been answered, although verbal communications had taken place. The opposition to +the Bill was concerted by Lord John Russell and Sir James Graham; see Parker's <i>Sir +James Graham</i>, vol. ii. p. 236, and the observation of the Prince, <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.268" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 268</a>. The +purport of the Amendment was to postpone any reform in the criminal law till the +French despatch had been replied to.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 6: See Ashley's <i>Life of Lord Palmerston</i>, vol. ii. p. 146. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RESIGNATION OF THE GOVERNMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston came at five o'clock from the Cabinet, and +tendered his resignation in his own name, and that of his +Colleagues. The Cabinet had well considered their position +and found that, as the vote passed by the House, although the +result of an accidental combination of parties, was virtually +a vote of censure upon their conduct, they could not with +honour or with any advantage to the public service carry on +the Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">The combination was the whole of the Conservative Party +(Lord Derby's followers), Lord John Russell, the Peelites, +with Mr Gladstone and the whole of the Radicals; but the +Liberal Party generally is just now very angry with Lord +Palmerston personally, chiefly on account of his apparent +submission to French dictation, and the late appointment of +Lord Clanricarde as Privy Seal, who is looked upon as a reprobate.<sup>7</sup> +Lord Clanricarde's presence in the House of Commons +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.267" id="pageiii.267"></a>[page 267]</span> +during the Debate, and in a conspicuous place, enraged many +supporters of Lord Palmerston to that degree that they voted +at once with the Opposition.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 7: Since his triumph at the polls in 1857, Lord Palmerston had been somewhat arbitrary +in his demeanour, and had defied public opinion by taking Lord Clanricarde into the +Government, after some unpleasant disclosures in the Irish Courts. While walking +home on the 18th, after obtaining an immense majority on the India Bill, he was told +by Sir Joseph Bethell that he ought, like the Roman Consuls in a triumph, to have some +one to remind him that he was, as a minister, not immortal. Next day he was defeated. +</p> +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY SUMMONED</span> +<p class="ind">The Queen wrote to Lord Derby the letter here following;<sup>8</sup> +he came a little after six o'clock. He stated that nobody was +more surprised in his life than he had been at the result of +the Debate, after the Government had only a few days before +had a majority of more than 100 on the introduction of their +Bill. He did not know how it came about, but thought it +was the work of Lord John Russell and Sir James Graham in +the interest of the Radicals; Mr Gladstone's junction must +have been accidental. As to his own people, they had, owing +to his own personal exertions, as the Queen was aware, though +many very unwillingly, supported the Bill; but the amendment +of Mr Milner Gibson was so skilfully worded, that it was +difficult for them not to vote for it; he had to admit this +when they came to him to ask what they should do, merely +warning them to save the Measure itself, which the Amendment +did. He then blamed the Government very much +for leaving Count Walewski's despatch unanswered before +coming before Parliament, which he could hardly understand.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 8: Summoning him to advise her. +</p> +<span class="rightnote">OFFER TO LORD DERBY</span> +<p class="ind">On the Queen telling him that the Government had resigned, +and that she commissioned him to form a new Administration, +he begged that this offer might not be made to him without +further consideration, and would state clearly his own position. +After what had happened in 1851 and 1855, if the +Queen made the offer he <i>must</i> accept it, for if he refused, the +Conservative Party would be broken up for ever. Yet he +would find a majority of two to one against him in the House +of Commons, would have difficulty in well filling the important +offices, found the external and internal relations of the country +in a most delicate and complicated position, war in India +and in China, difficulties with France, the Indian Bill introduced +and a Reform Bill promised; nothing but the forbearance +and support of some of his opponents would make +it possible for him to carry on any Government. The person +who was asked first by the Sovereign had always a great disadvantage; +perhaps other combinations were possible, which, +if found not to answer, would make him more readily accepted +by the country. The position of Lord Palmerston was a most +curious one, the House of Commons had been returned chiefly +for the purpose of supporting him <i>personally</i>, and he had +obtained a working majority of 100 (unheard of since the +Reform Bill), yet his supporters had no principles in common +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.268" id="pageiii.268"></a>[page 268]</span> +and they generally suspected him; the question of the Reform +Bill had made him and Lord John run a race for popularity +which might lead to disastrous consequences. Lord Derby +did not at all know what support he would be able to obtain +in Parliament.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen agreed to deferring her offer, and to take further +time for consideration on the understanding that if she made +it it would at once be accepted. Lord Derby expressed, +however, his fear that the resignation of the Palmerston +Cabinet might only be for the purpose of going through a +crisis in order to come back again with new strength, for there +existed different kinds of resignations, some for this purpose, +others really for abandoning office.</p> + +<p class="ind">A conversation which I had with Lord Clarendon after +dinner, convinced me that the Cabinet had sent in their resignations +from the real conviction of the impossibility to go +on with honour and success; all offers of the friends of the +Government to pass a vote of confidence, etc., etc., had been +rejected. Lord Derby was the only man who could form a +Government; Mr Gladstone would probably join him. The +whole move had been planned, and most dexterously, by Sir +James Graham.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has reconsidered the question of the formation +of a new Government as she had settled with Lord Derby +yesterday, and now writes to him to tell him that further +reflection has only confirmed her in her former resolution to +offer the task to Lord Derby. The resignation of the present +Government is the result of a conscientious conviction on +their part, that, damaged by the censure passed upon them +in the House of Commons, they cannot with honour to themselves, +or usefulness to the country, carry on public affairs, +and Lord Derby is at the head of the only Party which affords +the materials of forming a new Government, is sufficiently +organised to secure a certain support, and which the country +would accept as an alternative for that hitherto in power. +Before actually offering any specific office to anybody, Lord +Derby would perhaps have another interview with the Queen; +but it would be right that he should have satisfied himself +a little as to his chances of strengthening his hands before she +sees him. With regard to the position of the India Bill, +the Queen must also have a further conversation with him.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.269" id="pageiii.269"></a>[page 269]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY'S VIEW</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>21st February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, begs your Majesty to +accept his grateful acknowledgment of the signal mark of +your Majesty's favour, with which he has this morning been +honoured. Encouraged by your Majesty's gracious confidence, +he does not hesitate to submit himself to your Majesty's +pleasure, and will address himself at once to the difficult +task which your Majesty has been pleased to entrust to him. +He fears that he can hardly hope, in the formation of a Government, +for much extrinsic aid; as almost all the men of eminence +in either House of Parliament are more or less associated +with other parties, whose co-operation it would be impossible +to obtain. Lord Derby will not, however, hesitate to make +the attempt in any quarters, in which he may think he has +any chance of success. With regard to the filling up of particular +offices, Lord Derby would humbly beg your Majesty +to bear in mind that, although among his own personal friends +there will be every desire to make individual convenience +subservient to the public interest, yet among those who are +not now politically connected with him, there may be some, +whose co-operation or refusal might be greatly influenced +by the office which it was proposed that they should hold; +and, in such cases, Lord Derby must venture to bespeak +your Majesty's indulgence should he make a definite offer, +subject, of course, to your Majesty's ultimate approval.</p> + +<p class="ind">As soon as Lord Derby has made any progress in his proposed +arrangements, he will avail himself of your Majesty's +gracious permission to solicit another Audience.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>21st February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord Derby's letter, and +would wish under all circumstances to see him at six this +evening, in order to hear what progress he has made in his +plans. The two offices the Queen is most anxious should not +be prejudged in any way, before the Queen has seen Lord +Derby again, are the Foreign and the War Departments.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR GLADSTONE AND LORD GREY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>21st February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +the two letters which he has this evening received from Lord +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.270" id="pageiii.270"></a>[page 270]</span> +Grey and Mr Gladstone.<sup>9</sup> The reasons contained in the +latter do not appear to Lord Derby to be very conclusive; +but he fears the result must be that he cannot look, in the +attempt to form a Cabinet, to much extraneous assistance. +With deep regret Lord Derby is compelled to add that he +finds he cannot rely with certainty on the support of his son +as a member of his proposed Cabinet.<a id="footnotetagXXVII10" name="footnotetagXXVII10"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVII10"><sup>10</sup></a> Still, having undertaken +the task he has in obedience to your Majesty's commands, +Lord Derby will not relax in his efforts to frame such +a Government as may be honoured with your Majesty's +gracious approval, and prove itself equal to the emergency +which calls it together.</p> + +<p class="ind">While in the very act of putting up this letter, Lord Derby +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.271" id="pageiii.271"></a>[page 271]</span> +has received one, which he also presumes to enclose to your +Majesty, from Lord St Leonards, alleging his advanced age +as a reason for not accepting the Great Seal which he formerly +held. This reply has been wholly unexpected; and it is +yet possible that Lord St Leonards may be induced, at least +temporarily, to withdraw his resignation. Should it, however, +prove otherwise, and Lord Derby should succeed in making +his other arrangements, he would humbly ask your Majesty's +permission to endeavour to persuade Mr Pemberton Leigh to +accept that high office, of course accompanied by the honour +of the Peerage, which he is aware has been already on more +than one occasion offered to him. Lord Derby begs to add +that he has not had the slightest communication with Mr +Pemberton Leigh on the subject, nor has the least idea as to +his feelings upon it.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: Lord Grey wrote—"I am much obliged to you for the manner in which you have +asked my assistance in performing the task confided to you by Her Majesty.</p> + +<p class="note1">"I am not insensible to the danger of the present crisis, or to the duty it imposes on +public men, of giving any aid in their power towards forming an Administration which +may command respect. I am also aware that the settlement of the important political +questions, on which we have differed, has removed many of the obstacles which would +formerly have rendered my acting with you impracticable. Upon the other hand, upon +carefully considering the present state of affairs and the materials at your disposal (especially +in the House of Commons) for forming an Administration, and that all the political +friends with whom I have been connected, would probably be opposed to it, I do not +think it would be either useful to you or honourable to myself that I should singly join +your Government."</p> + +<p class="note1">Mr Gladstone wrote—"I am very sensible of the importance of the vote taken on +Friday, and I should deeply lament to see the House of Commons trampled on in consequence +of that vote. The honour of the House is materially involved in giving it full +effect. It would therefore be my first wish to aid, if possible, in such a task; and remembering +the years when we were colleagues, I may be permitted to say that there is +nothing in the fact of your being the Head of a Ministry, which would avail to deter me +from forming part of it.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Among the first questions I have had to put to myself in consequence of the offer, +which you have conveyed to me in such friendly and flattering terms, has been the +question, whether it would be in my power by accepting it, either alone, or in concert +with others, to render you material service.</p> + +<p class="note1">"After the long years, during which we have been separated, there would be various +matters of public interest requiring to be noticed between us; but the question I have +mentioned is a needful preliminary.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Upon the best consideration which the moment allows, I think it plain that alone, +as I must be, I could not render you service worth your having.</p> + +<p class="note1">"The dissolution of last year excluded from Parliament men with whom I had sympathies, +and it in some degree affected the position of those political friends with whom +I have now for many years been united, through evil and (much more rarely) good report.</p> + +<p class="note1">"Those who lament the rupture of old traditions may well desire the reconstruction +of a Party; but the reconstitution of a Party can only be effected, if at all, by the return +of the old influences to their places, and not by the junction of one isolated person.</p> + +<p class="note1">"The difficulty is now enhanced in my case by the fact that in your party, reduced as +it is at the present moment in numbers, there is a small but active and not unimportant +section, who avowedly regard me as the representative of the most dangerous ideas. I +should thus, unfortunately, be to you a source of weakness in the heart of your own +adherents, while I should bring you no Party or group of friends to make up for their +defection or discontent.</p> + +<p class="note1">"For the reasons which I have thus stated or glanced at, my reply to your letter must +be in the negative.</p> + +<p class="note1">"I must, however, add that a Government formed by you at this time will in my opinion +have strong claims upon me, and upon any one situated as I am, for favourable presumptions, +and in the absence of conscientious difference on important questions, for +support.</p> + +<p class="note1">"I have had an opportunity of seeing Lord Aberdeen and Sidney Herbert, and they +fully concur in the sentiment I have just expressed."</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVII10" name="footnoteXXVII10"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVII10">Footnote 10:</a> +See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.148" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 148</a>, note 87. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE CHANCELLORSHIP</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>22nd February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen acknowledges Lord Derby's letter of yesterday, +and returns him these three letters. She much regrets that +he cannot reckon on the support and assistance in the Government, +which he is about to form, of such able men. The +Queen authorises Lord Derby to offer the office of Lord Chancellor +with a Peerage to Mr Pemberton Leigh; but she fears +from what passed on previous occasions that he is not likely +to accept it.<sup>11</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 11: He declined the office, and the Great Seal was offered to and accepted by Sir Frederick +Thesiger, who was created Lord Chelmsford. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>22nd February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has had a long conversation with the Duke of +Newcastle, which however ended, as Lord Derby will have +expected from what the Duke must have told him, in his +declaring his conviction that he could be of no use to the +new Government by joining it, or in persuading his friends +to change their minds as to joining. The Duke was evidently +much pleased by the offer, but from all he said of his position, +the Queen could gather that it was in vain to press him further.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NEW CABINET</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>25th February 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and fears that after your Majesty's most gracious acceptance +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.272" id="pageiii.272"></a>[page 272]</span> +of the propositions which he has made, he may appear to +your Majesty very vacillating, in having at the last moment +to submit to your Majesty another change.... But he +finds that Lord John Manners, though he consented to take +the Colonial Department, would infinitely prefer resuming +his seat at the Board of Works; and on the urgent representation +of his Colleagues that the Government would be strengthened +by such a step, Lord Stanley has consented to accept +office; and the arrangement which he would now venture +humbly to submit to your Majesty would be the appointment +of Lord Stanley to the Colonial Secretaryship, and Lord John +Manners to the Board of Works....</p> + + + + + +<table summary="Ministries compared" align="center" border="0"> + + +<tr> + <td class="main">The Ministry as it stood on the <br />1st of January 1858.</td> + <td></td> + <td> </td> + <td></td> + <td class="main">The Ministry as formed by the <br />Earl of Derby in February 1858.</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Viscount Palmerston</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"> <i>First Lord of the <br />Treasury</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl of Derby.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Marquis of Lansdowne</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2">(<i>Without Office</i>).</td> + <td></td> + <td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord Cranworth</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Lord Chancellor</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord Chelmsford.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl Granville</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>President of the <br />Council</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Marquis of Salisbury.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Marquis of Clanricarde</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Lord Privy Seal</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl of Hardwicke.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">Sir <span class="sc">George Grey</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Home Secretary</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2">Mr <span class="sc">Walpole.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl of Clarendon</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Foreign Secretary</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl of Malmesbury.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Mr Labouchere</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Lord Taunton</span>)</td> + <td class="main"><span class="bigbrace">}</span></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Colonial Secretary</i></td> + <td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord Stanley</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Earl of Derby</span>).</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord Panmure</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Earl of Dalhousie</span>)</td> + <td class="main"><span class="bigbrace">}</span></td> + <td class="main2"><i>War Secretary</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">General Peel.</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">Sir <span class="sc">G. C. Lewis</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Chancellor of the <br />Exchequer</i></td> + <td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main2"> Mr <span class="sc">Disraeli</span> <br />(afterwards <br /><span class="sc">Earl of Beaconsfield</span>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">Sir <span class="sc">Charles Wood</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Viscount Halifax</span>)</td> + <td class="main"><span class="bigbrace">}</span></td> + <td class="main2"><i>First Lord of the <br />Admiralty</i></td> + <td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main2"> Sir <span class="sc">John Pakington</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Lord Hampton</span>).</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">Mr <span class="sc">Vernon Smith</span> <br />(afterwards <span class="sc">Lord Lyveden</span>)</td> + <td class="main"><span class="bigbrace">}</span></td> + <td class="main2"><i>President of the <br />Board of Control</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Earl of Ellenborough</span>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord Stanley of Alderley</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>President of the <br />Board of Trade</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"> Mr <span class="sc">Henley</span>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">Mr <span class="sc">M. T. Baines</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Chancellor of the <br />Duchy of Lancaster</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2">(<i>Not in the Cabinet.</i>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Duke of Argyll</span></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>Postmaster-General</i></td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2">(<i>Not in the Cabinet.</i>)</td> +</tr> +<tr> + <td class="main2">(<i>Not in the Cabinet</i>)</td> + <td></td> + <td class="main2"><i>First Commissioner of <br />Works and <br />Public Buildings</i></td> + <td class="main1"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main2"><span class="sc">Lord John Manners</span> <br />(afterwards <br /><span class="sc">Duke of Rutland</span>).</td> +</tr> +</table> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.273" id="pageiii.273"></a>[page 273]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Malmesbury to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ORSINI PLOT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Whitehall</span>, <i>7th March 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Earl of Malmesbury presents his humble duty to the +Queen, and has the honour to thank your Majesty for the +interesting letter<sup>12</sup> sent to him by your Majesty, and which +he returns to your Majesty by this messenger. Lord Malmesbury +hopes and believes that much of the excitement that +prevailed on the <i>other</i> side the water is subsiding. All his +letters from <i>private</i> sources, and the account of Colonel Claremont, +agree on this point. In this country, if our differences +with France are settled, it is probable that the popular jealousy +of foreign interference will be killed; but at least for some +time it will show foreign Courts how dangerous it is <i>even to +criticise</i> our <i>domestic</i> Institutions. Lord Malmesbury has +carefully abstained from giving Lord Cowley or M. de Persigny +the slightest hope that we could alter the law, but has confined +himself to saying that the law was itself as much on its +trial as the prisoners Bernard and Truelove.<sup>13</sup> If, therefore, +the law should prove to be a phantom of justice, or anomalous +in its action, whatever measures your Majesty's Government +may hereafter take to reform it, it will be received by France +as an unexpected boon and a proof of good faith and amity.</p> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR AND THE CARBONARI</span> + +<p class="ind">In attending to the idea referred to by your Majesty that +the Emperor took the oath of the Assassins' Society, Lord +Malmesbury can almost assure your Majesty that such is not +the case.<sup>14</sup> Lord Malmesbury first made His Majesty's acquaintance +in Italy when they were both very young men +(twenty years of age). They were <i>both</i> under the influence +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.274" id="pageiii.274"></a>[page 274]</span> +of those romantic feelings which the former history and the +present degradation of Italy may naturally inspire even at a +more advanced time of life—and the Prince Louis Napoleon, +to the knowledge of Lord Malmesbury, certainly engaged +himself in the conspiracies of the time—but it was with the +higher class of the Carbonari, men like General Sercognani +and General Pépé. The Prince used to talk to Lord Malmesbury +upon these men and their ideas and plans with all the +openness that exists between two youths, and Lord Malmesbury +has many times heard him condemn with disgust the +societies of villains which hung on the flank of the conspirators, +and which deterred many of the best families and ablest +gentlemen in Romagna from joining them. Lord Malmesbury +believes the report therefore to be a fable, and at some future +period will, if it should interest your Majesty, relate to your +Majesty some details respecting the Emperor's share in the +conspiracies of 1828-1829....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 12: This was a letter from the Prince de Chimay to the King of the Belgians in reference +to the Orsini plot.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 13: Before Lord Palmerston's Government had retired, Simon Bernard, a resident of +Bayswater, was committed for trial for complicity in the Orsini <i>attentat</i>. He was committed +for conspiracy only, but, at the instance of the new Government, the charge was +altered to one of feloniously slaying one of the persons killed by the explosion. As this +constructive murder was actually committed on French soil, Bernard's trial had, under +the existing law, to be held before a Special Commission, over which Lord Campbell +presided. The evidence overwhelmingly established the prisoner's guilt, but, carried +away by the eloquent, if irrelevant, speech of Mr Edwin James for the defence, the jury +acquitted him. Truelove was charged with criminal libel, for openly approving, in a +published pamphlet, Orsini's attempt, and regretting its failure. The Government +threw up the prosecution, pusillanimously in the judgment of Lord Campbell, who records +that he carefuly studied, with a view to his own hearing of the case, the proceedings +against Lord George Gordon for libelling Marie Antoinette, against Vint for libelling the +Emperor Paul, and against Peltier for libelling Napoleon I.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 14: The Queen had written:—"There are people who pretend that the Emperor, who +was once a member of the Carbonari Club of Italy, and who is supposed to be condemned +to death by the rules of that Secret Society for having violated his oath to them, has +offered them to pardon Orsini, if they would release him from his oath, but that the +Society refused the offer. The fact that all the attempts have been made by Italians, +Orsini's letter, and the almost mad state of fear in which the Emperor seems to be now, +would give colour to that story." Orsini had written two letters to the Emperor, one +read aloud at his trial by his counsel, Jules Favre, the other while lying under sentence +of death. He entreated the Emperor to secure Italian independence. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>12th March 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Friday.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Opposition benches very full; the temper not kind.</p> + +<p class="ind">The French announcement,<sup>15</sup> which was quite unexpected, +elicited cheers, but only from the Ministerial side, which, he +confesses, for a moment almost daunted him.</p> + +<p class="ind">Then came a question about the <i>Cagliari</i> affair,<sup>16</sup> on which +the Government had agreed to take a temperate course, in +deference to their predecessors—but it was not successful. +The ill-humour of the House, diverted for a moment by the +French news, vented itself on this head.</p> + +<p class="ind">What struck the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the course +of the evening most was the absence of all those symptoms +of "fair trial," etc., which have abounded of late in journals +and in Society.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John said something; Mr Gladstone said something; +but it was not encouraging.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nevertheless, in 1852 "fair trial" observations abounded, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.275" id="pageiii.275"></a>[page 275]</span> +and the result was not satisfactory; now it may be the +reverse.</p> + +<p class="ind">The House is wild and capricious at this moment.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty once deigned to say that your Majesty +wished in these remarks to have the temper of the House +placed before your Majesty, and to find what your Majesty +could not meet in newspapers. This is the Chancellor of the +Exchequer's excuse for these rough notes, written on the +field of battle, which he humbly offers to your Majesty.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: Parliament reassembled on the 12th of March, and Mr Disraeli then stated that the +"painful misconceptions" which had for some time existed between England and France +had been "terminated in a spirit entirely friendly and honourable."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 16: Two English engineers, Watt and Park, had been on the Sardinian steamer <i>Cagliari</i> +when she was seized by the Neapolitan Government, and her crew, including the engineers, +imprisoned at Naples. At the instance of the Conservative Government, who +acted more vigorously than their predecessors had done, the engineers were released, and +£3,000 paid to them as compensation. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE NAVY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>15th March 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends to Lord Derby a Memorandum on the +state of preparation of our Navy in case of a war, the importance +of attending to which she has again strongly felt when +the late vote of the House of Commons endangered the continuance +of the good understanding with France. The whole +tone of the Debate on the first night of the reassembly of +Parliament has shown again that there exists a great disposition +to boast and provoke foreign Powers without any +sincere desire to investigate our means of making good our +words, and providing for those means which are missing.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Derby to read this Memorandum +to the Cabinet, and to take the subject of which it treats +into their anxious consideration.</p> + +<p class="ind">The two appendices, stating facts, the one with regard to +the manning of the Navy by volunteers with the aid of bounties, +the other with regard to impressment, have become +unfortunately more lengthy than the Queen had wished, +but the facts appeared to her so important that she did not +like to have any left out.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>22nd March 1858</i>.<br /> +(<i>Monday, half-past eight o'clock.</i>) </p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty +to your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">This evening was a great contrast to Friday. House very +full on both sides....</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr B. Osborne commenced the general attack, of which +he had given notice; but, after five years' silence, his weapons +were not as bright as of yore. He was answered by the +Government, and the House, which was very full, became +much excited. The Ministerial benches were in high spirit.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.276" id="pageiii.276"></a>[page 276]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Debate that ensued, most interesting and sustained.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Horsman, with considerable effect, expressed the opinions +of that portion of the Liberal Party, which does not wish to +disturb the Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell vindicated the Reform Bill of 1832 from +the attacks of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and with +great dignity and earnestness.</p> + +<p class="ind">He was followed by Mr Drummond on the same subject in +a telling epigram. Then Lord Palmerston, in reply to the +charges of Mr Horsman, mild and graceful, with a sarcastic +touch. The general impression of the House was very favourable +to the Ministry; all seemed changed; the Debate had +cleared the political atmosphere, and, compared with our +previous state, we felt as if the eclipse was over.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RESIGNATION OF PERSIGNY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>23rd March 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—You will, I trust, forgive my letter +being short, but we have only just returned from Aldershot, +where we went this morning, and really have been quite +baked by a sun which was hardly hotter in August, and +without a breath of wind....</p> + +<p class="ind">Good Marie<sup>17</sup> has not answered me, will you remind her? +I <i>did</i> tell her I hoped for her child's<sup>18</sup> sake she would give up +the nursing, as we Princesses had other duties to perform. +I hope she was not shocked, but I felt I only did what was +right in telling her so.</p> + +<p class="ind">I grieve to say we lose poor Persigny, which is a real loss—but +he would resign. Walewski behaved ill to him. The +Emperor has, however, named a successor which is <i>really</i> a +compliment to the Army and the Alliance—and besides a +distinguished and independent man, viz. the Duc de Malakhoff.<sup>19</sup> +This is very gratifying.</p> + +<p class="ind">In all this business, Pélissier has, I hear, behaved extremely +well. I must now conclude. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: Marie Henriette, Duchess of Brabant, afterwards Queen of the Belgians; died 1902.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 18: Princess Louise of Belgium was born on the 4th of February.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 19: Formerly General Pélissier; see <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.143" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 143</a>, note 80. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE HOUSE OF COMMONS</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>23rd March 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Tuesday.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.277" id="pageiii.277"></a>[page 277]</span> + +<p class="ind">The discussion on the Passport Question, this evening, was +not without animation; the new Under-Secretary, Mr Fitzgerald,<sup>20</sup> +makes way with the House. He is very acute and +quick in his points, but does not speak loud enough. His +tone is conversational, which is the best for the House of +Commons, and the most difficult; but then the conversation +should be heard. The general effect of the discussion was +favourable to the French Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">In a thin House afterwards, the Wife's Sister Bill was +brought in after a division. Your Majesty's Government +had decided among themselves to permit the introduction, +but a too zealous member of the Opposition forced an inopportune +division.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: William Robert Seymour Vesey Fitzgerald, M.P. for Horsham 1852-1865. He +was Governor of Bombay 1867-1872. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>25th March 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Thursday.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Lease of the Lord-Lieutenancy was certainly renewed +to-night—and for some years. The majority was very great +against change at present, and the future, which would justify +it, it was agreed, should be the very decided opinion of the +Irish members. It was left in short to Ireland.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Debate was not very animated, but had two features—a +most admirable speech by Lord Naas,<sup>21</sup> quite the model of +an official statement, clear, calm, courteous, persuasive, and +full of knowledge; it received the praises of both sides.</p> + +<p class="ind">The other incident noticeable was Mr Roebuck's reply, +which was one of the most apt, terse, and telling I well +remember, and not bitter.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 21: Chief Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant, afterwards (as Earl of Mayo) Viceroy of +India, assassinated in the Andaman Islands, 1872. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CAPTURE OF LUCKNOW</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>13th April.</i></p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Tuesday night.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The night tranquil and interesting—Lord Bury, with much +intelligence, introduced the subject of the Straits Settlements;<sup>22</sup> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.278" id="pageiii.278"></a>[page 278]</span> +the speech of Sir J. Elphinstone,<sup>23</sup> master of the subject, and +full of striking details, produced a great effect. His vindication +of the convict population of Singapore, as the moral +element of that strange society, might have been considered +as the richest humour, had it not been for its unmistakable +simplicity.</p> + +<p class="ind">His inquiry of the Governor's lady, who never hired any +servant but a convict, whether she employed in her nursery +"Thieves or Murderers?"—and the answer, "Always murderers," +was very effective....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Secretary of State having sent down to the Chancellor +of the Exchequer the telegram of the fall of Lucknow,<sup>24</sup> the +Chancellor of the Exchequer read it to the House, having +previously in private shown it to Lord Palmerston and others +of the late Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">After this a spirited Debate on the conduct of Members of +Parliament corruptly exercising their influence, in which the +view recommended by the Government, through Mr Secretary +Walpole, was adopted by the House.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 22: These detached provinces were at this time under the control of the Governor-General +of India; but in 1867 they were formed into a Crown Colony.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 23: Sir J. D. H. Elphinstone, Conservative member for Portsmouth, afterwards a Lord +of the Treasury.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 24: Sir Colin Campbell had at length obtained entire possession of the city, which had +been in the hands of the rebels for nine months. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>2nd April 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Uncle</span>,—I am sure you will kindly be interested +in knowing that the Examination and Confirmation of Bertie +have gone off extremely well.<sup>25</sup> Everything was conducted +as at Vicky's, and I thought <i>much</i> of you, and wished we could +have had the happiness of having you there. I enclose a +Programme. The examination before the Archbishop and +ourselves by the Dean on Wednesday was long and difficult, +but Bertie answered extremely well, and his whole manner +and <i>Gemüthsstimmung</i> yesterday, and again to-day, at the +Sacrament to which we took him, was gentle, good, and +proper.... Now, good-bye, dear Uncle. Ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: See the Prince Consort's letter to Stockmar, <i>Life of the Prince Consort</i>, vol. iv. p. 205. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir John Pakington.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NAVAL PREPARATIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th April 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Sir John Pakington's letter of the +10th, and thanks him for the transmission of the printed +copy of his confidential Memorandum.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.279" id="pageiii.279"></a>[page 279]</span> + +<p class="ind">The object of the paper which the Queen sent from Osborne +to Lord Derby was to lead by a thorough investigation to an +exact knowledge of the state of our Naval preparations in +the event of a war, with the view to the discovery and suggestion +of such remedies as our deficiencies imperatively +demand. This investigation and thorough consideration the +Queen expects from her Board of Admiralty, chosen with +great care, and composed of the most competent Naval +Authorities. She does not wish for the opinion of this or that +person, given without any responsibility attaching to it, nor +for mere returns prepared in the Office for the First Lord, +but for the collective opinion of Sir John Pakington and his +Board with the responsibility attaching to such an opinion +given to the Sovereign upon a subject upon which the safety +of the Empire depends. The Queen has full confidence in +the honour of the gentlemen composing the Board, that they +will respect the <i>confidential</i> character of the Queen's communication, +and pay due regard to the importance of the +subject referred to them.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PROCEDURE BY RESOLUTION</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>12th April 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Monday night.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">House reassembled—full. Chancellor of Exchequer much +embarrassed with impending statement, on the part of your +Majesty's servants, that they intended to propose Resolutions +on the Government of India, instead of at once proceeding +with their Bill.<a id="footnotetagXXVII26" name="footnotetagXXVII26"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVII26"><sup>26</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">Received, five minutes before he took his seat, confidential +information, that Lord John Russell, wishing to defeat the +prospects of Lord Palmerston, and himself to occupy a great +mediatory position, intended, himself, to propose the mezzotermine +of resolutions!</p> + +<p class="ind">Chancellor of Exchequer felt it was impossible, after having +himself introduced a Bill, to interfere with the Resolutions of +an independent member, and one so weighty and distinguished: +therefore, confined his announcement to the Budget on Monday +week, and consequent postponement of India Bill.</p> + +<p class="ind">Soon after, Lord John rose, and opened the case, in a spirit +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.280" id="pageiii.280"></a>[page 280]</span> +most calm and conciliatory to the House, and to your Majesty's +Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of Exchequer responded, but with delicacy, +not wishing rudely to deprive Lord John of his position in the +matter; deeming it arrogant—but the real opposition, extremely +annoyed at all that was occurring, wishing, at the +same time, to deprive Lord John of the mediatory position, +and to embarrass your Majesty's Government with the task +and responsibility of preparing and introducing the resolutions, +<i>insisted</i> upon Government undertaking the task. As the +Chancellor of Exchequer read the sketch of the Resolutions +in his box, this was amusing; he undertook the responsibility, +thus urged, and almost menaced; Lord John, though greatly +mortified at not bringing in the Resolutions himself, for it is +since known they were prepared, entirely and justly acquits +Chancellor of Exchequer of any arrogance and intrusion, and +the affair concludes in a manner dignified and more than +promising. It is now generally supposed that after the various +Resolutions have been discussed, and passed, the Bill of your +Majesty's servants, modified and reconstructed, will pass +into a law.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of Exchequer will have a copy of the +Resolutions, though at present in a crude form, made and +forwarded to your Majesty, that they may be considered +by your Majesty and His Royal Highness. Chancellor of +Exchequer will mention this to Lord Derby, through whom +they ought to reach your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">After this unexpected and interesting scene, because it +showed, in its progress, a marked discordance between Lord +John and Lord Palmerston, not concealed by the latter chief, +and strongly evinced by some of his principal followers, for +example, Sir C. Wood, Mr Hall, Mr Bouverie, the House went +into Committee on the Navy Estimates which Sir J. Pakington +introduced in a speech, lucid, spirited, and comprehensive. +The feeling of the House as to the maintenance of the Navy +was good.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVII26" name="footnoteXXVII26"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVII26">Footnote 26:</a> Lord Palmerston had obtained leave, by a large majority, to introduce an India +Bill, vesting the Government of India in a Council nominated by the Crown. On his +accession to office, Mr Disraeli proposed that the Council should be half nominative and +half elective, and in particular that London, Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow, and Belfast +should each be entitled to elect one member. These proposals were widely condemned, +and especially by Mr Bright. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received a draft to Lord Cowley on the Danish +Question,<sup>27</sup> which she cannot sanction as submitted to her. +The question is a most important one, and a false step on our +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.281" id="pageiii.281"></a>[page 281]</span> +part may produce a war between France and Germany. The +Queen would wish Lord Malmesbury to call here in the course +of to-morrow, when the Prince could discuss the matter with +him more fully.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 27: The dispute as to the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. The German Diet had +refused to ratify the Danish proposal that Commissioners should be appointed by Germany +and Denmark to negotiate an arrangement of their differences. Lord Malmesbury +had written that the Governments (including England) which had hitherto abstained from +interference, should now take measures to guard against any interference with the +integrity of the Danish Monarchy. The Queen and Prince considered that the attitude +of the British Government was unnecessarily pro-Danish. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>7th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">At half-past four o'clock, before the Chancellor of the Exchequer +could reach the House, the Secretary of the Board of +Control had already presented the Proclamation of Lord +Canning, and the despatch thereon of Lord Ellenborough, +without the omission of the Oudh passages.<sup>28</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer has employed every means +to recall the papers, and make the necessary omissions, and +more than once thought he had succeeded, but unhappily the +despatch had been read by Mr Bright, and a considerable +number of members, and, had papers once in the possession +of the House by the presentation of a Minister been surreptitiously +recalled and garbled, the matter would have been +brought before the House, and the production of the complete +documents would have been ordered.</p> + +<p class="ind">In this difficult and distressing position the Chancellor of +the Exchequer, after consultation with his colleagues in the +House of Commons, thought it best, and, indeed, inevitable, +to submit to circumstances, the occurrence of which he deeply +regrets, and humbly places before your Majesty.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 28: See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.262" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 262</a>. The draft proclamation (differing from the +ultimate form in which it was issued), with a covering despatch, were sent home to the +Board of Control by Lord Canning, who at the same time <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'wote'">wrote</ins> an unofficial letter to Mr +Vernon Smith, then President of the Board, stating that he had not been able to find time +before the mail left to explain his reasons for adopting what appeared a somewhat merciless +scheme of confiscation. Lord Ellenborough thereupon wrote a despatch, dated the +19th of April, reprobating the Governor-General for abandoning the accustomed policy +of generous conquerors, and for inflicting on the mass of the population what they would +feel as the severest of punishments. This despatch was made public in England, as will +be seen from the dates, before it could possibly have reached Lord Canning. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Derby's letter of last night, +and was glad to see that he entirely concurs with her in the +advantage and necessity of appointing a Commission to consider +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.282" id="pageiii.282"></a>[page 282]</span> +the question of the organisation of the future Army of +India.<sup>29</sup> She only hopes that no time will be lost by the reference +to the different bodies whom Lord Derby wishes previously +to consult, and she trusts that he will not let himself be overruled +by Lord Ellenborough, who may very likely consider the +opinion and result of the labours of a Committee as entirely +valueless as compared with his own opinions.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has not the same confidence in them, and is, +therefore, doubly anxious to be advised by a body of the most +competent persons after most careful enquiry.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 29: The Queen had written that she thought the Commission should be composed of +officers of the Home and the Indian Armies, some politicians, the Commander-in-Chief, +the President of the Board of Control, with the Secretary-for-War as President. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Derby's letter of yesterday. +She is very sorry for the further complication likely to arise +out of the communication to the House of Commons of the +despatch in full, which is most unfortunate, not less so than +the communication of it previously to Mr Bright and his +friends. The Queen is anxious not to add to Lord Derby's +difficulties, but she must not leave unnoticed the fact that the +despatch in question ought never to have been written without +having been submitted to the Queen. She hopes Lord Derby +will take care that Lord Ellenborough will not repeat this, +which must place her in a most embarrassing position.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Ellenborough to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ELLENBOROUGH'S RESIGNATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Eaton Square</span>, <i>10th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Ellenborough presents his most humble duty to your +Majesty, and regarding the present difficult position of your +Majesty's Government as mainly occasioned by the presentation +to Parliament of the letter to the Governor-General with +reference to the Proclamation in Oudh, for which step he +considers himself to be solely responsible, he deems it to be his +duty to lay his resignation at your Majesty's feet.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Ellenborough had no other object than that of making +it unmistakably evident to the Governor as well as to the +governed in India that your Majesty was resolved to temper +Justice with Clemency, and would not sanction any measure +which did not seem to conduce to the establishment of permanent +peace.<sup>30</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 30: On the same day Lord Shaftesbury in the Lords and Mr Cardwell in the Commons +gave notice of Motions censuring the Government for Lord Ellenborough's despatch. +The debates commenced on the 14th. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.283" id="pageiii.283"></a>[page 283]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A CRISIS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby had an Audience at twelve o'clock. He said +he had received a copy of Lord Ellenborough's letter, and had +told him that should the Queen consult him (Lord Derby) he +should advise her to accept the resignation, Lord Ellenborough +had behaved in the handsomest manner, and expressed his +belief that he had brought bad luck to the Government, for +this was now the second difficulty into which they had got by +his instrumentality, the first having been the Election Clause +in the India Bill. Lord Derby hoped that this resignation +would stop the vote of censure in the House of Commons, as +the House could not hold responsible and punish the Cabinet +for that with which they had had no concern. If the House +persisted, it was clear that the motives were factious, and he +hoped the Queen would allow him to threaten a Dissolution of +Parliament, which he was certain would stop it. The Queen +refused to give that permission; she said he might leave it +quite undecided whether the Queen would grant a Dissolution +or not, and take the benefit of the doubt in talking to others on +the subject; but she must be left quite free to act as she +thought the good of the country might require at the time +when the Government should have been beat; there had +been a Dissolution within the year, and if a Reform Bill was +passed there must be another immediately upon it; in the +meantime most violent pledges would be taken as to Reform +if a general election were to take place now. Lord Derby concurred +in all this, and said he advised the threat particularly +in order to render the reality unnecessary; when she persisted +in her refusal, however, on the ground that she could +not threaten what she was not prepared to do, he appeared +very much disappointed and mortified.</p> + +<p class="ind">We then discussed the state of the question itself, and urged +the necessity of something being done to do away with the +injurious impression which the publication of the despatch +must produce in India, as the resignation of Lord Ellenborough +left this quite untouched, and Parliament might with justice +demand this. He agreed, after much difficulty, to send a +telegraphic despatch, which might overtake and mitigate the +other. On my remark that the public were under the impression +that there had been collusion, and that Mr Bright had +seen the despatch before he asked his question for its production, +he denied this stoutly, but let us understand that Mr +Bright had known of the existence of such a despatch, and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.284" id="pageiii.284"></a>[page 284]</span> +had wished to put his question before, but had been asked to +defer it until Lord Canning's Proclamation should have appeared +in the newspapers! (This is nearly as bad!!) The +Queen could not have pledged herself to dissolve Parliament +in order to support such tricks!</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">It was arranged that Lord Derby should accept Lord Ellenborough's +resignation in the Queen's name.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Ellenborough.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to acknowledge Lord Ellenborough's letter, +which she did not wish to do before she had seen Lord Derby.</p> + +<p class="ind">The latter has just left the Queen, and will communicate to +Lord Ellenborough the Queen's acceptance of his resignation, +which he has thought it right to tender to her from a sense of +public duty.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ELLENBOROUGH'S STATEMENT</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span> [<i>11th May</i>].<br /> +<span style="font-size: 0.8em;">(9 P.M., </span><span style="font-size: 0.8em;"><i>Tuesday</i></span><span style="font-size: 0.8em;">.)</span> </p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +the expression of his hope that the discussion, or rather conversation, +which has taken place in the House of Lords this +evening, may have been not only advantageous to the Government, +but beneficial in its results to the public service....</p> + +<p class="ind">After the discussion, Lord Ellenborough made his statement; +and it is only doing bare justice to him to say that he +made it in a manner and spirit which was most highly honourable +to himself, and was fully appreciated by the House.</p> + +<p class="ind">Public sympathy was entirely with him, especially when he +vindicated the policy which he had asserted, but took upon +himself the whole and sole responsibility of having authorised +the publication of the despatch—which he vindicated—and +announced his own resignation rather than embarrass his +colleagues. Lord Grey shortly entered his protest against +bringing into discussion the policy of the Proclamation and of +the consequent despatch, into which Lord Ellenborough had +certainly entered too largely, opposing, very broadly, the +principle of confiscation against that of clemency. Lord Derby +followed Lord Grey, and after an interruption on a point of +form, vindicated the policy advocated in Lord Ellenborough's +despatch, at the same time that he expressed not only his hope, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.285" id="pageiii.285"></a>[page 285]</span> +but his belief, that in practice the Governor-General would be +found (and more especially judging from the alterations inserted +in the last Proclamation of which an unofficial copy has +been received) acting on the principles laid down in Lord +Ellenborough's despatch. In the tribute which he felt it his +duty to pay to the personal, as well as political, character of +Lord Ellenborough, the House concurred with entire unanimity +and all did honour to the spirit which induced him to sacrifice +his own position to the public service; and to atone, and +more than atone, for an act of indiscretion by the frank avowal +that he alone was responsible for it. Lord Derby thinks +that the step which has been taken may, even probably, prevent +the Motions intended to be made on Friday; and if +made, will, almost certainly, result in a majority for the +Government.</p> +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY'S DESPATCH</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Derby believes that he may possibly be in time to +telegraph to Malta early to-morrow, to Lord Canning. In that +case he will do himself the honour of submitting to your Majesty +a copy of the message<sup>31</sup> sent, though he fears it will be impossible +to do so before its despatch. He proposes in substance +to say that the publication has been disapproved—that Lord +Ellenborough has resigned in consequence—but that your +Majesty's Government adhere in principle to the policy laid +down in the despatch of 19th April, and entertain an earnest +hope that the Governor-General, judging from the modifications +introduced into the amended Proclamation, has, in fact, +the intention of acting in the same spirit; but that your +Majesty's Government are still of opinion that confiscation +of private property ought to be made the exception, and not +the rule, and to be enforced only against those who may stand +out after a certain day, or who may be proved to have been +guilty of more than ordinary crimes.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby hopes that your Majesty will excuse a very +hasty sketch of a very large subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: <i>The Earl of Derby to Lord Lyons.</i></p> + +<p class="indrightnote"><i>12th May 1858.</i></p> + +<p class="note1">Send on the following message to Lord Canning by the Indian mail.</p> + +<p class="note1">The publication of the Secret Despatch of 19th April has been disapproved. Lord +Ellenborough has resigned office. His successor has not been appointed. Nevertheless +the policy indicated in the above despatch is approved by Her Majesty's Government. +Confiscation of property of private individuals (Talookdars and others) ought to be the +exception and not the rule. It ought to be held out as a penalty on those who do not +come in by a given day. From your amended Proclamation it is hoped that such is your +intention. Let it be clearly understood that it is so. You were quite right in issuing +no Proclamation till after a signal success. That once obtained, the more generous the +terms, the better. A broad distinction must be drawn between the Talookdars of Oudh +and the Sepoys who have been in our service. Confidence is felt in your judgment. +You will not err if you lean to the side of humanity, especially as to nations of Oudh.</p> + +<p class="note1">No private letters have been received from you since the change of Government. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.286" id="pageiii.286"></a>[page 286]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>14th May 1858.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the extracts Lord Derby has sent to her. +Lord Ellenborough's despatch,<sup>32</sup> now before her for the first +time, is very good and just in principle. But the Queen would +be much surprised if it did not entirely coincide with the views +of Lord Canning, at least as far as he has hitherto expressed +any in his letters. So are also the sentiments written by Sir +J. Lawrence; they contain almost the very expressions +frequently used by Lord Canning.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir J. Login,<sup>33</sup> who holds the same opinion, and has great +Indian experience, does not find any fault with the Proclamation, +however seemingly it may sound at variance with these +opinions, and this on account of the peculiar position of affairs +in Oudh. It is a great pity that Lord Ellenborough, with his +knowledge, experience, activity, and cleverness, should be so +entirely unable to submit to general rules of conduct. The +Queen has been for some time much alarmed at his writing +letters of his own to all the most important Indian Chiefs +and Kings explaining his policy. All this renders the position +of a Governor-General almost untenable, and that of the +Government at home very hazardous.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: This was a later despatch of Lord Ellenborough's, also in reference to the pacification +of Oudh, and not shown to the Cabinet before it was sent.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 33: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.248" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 248</a>, note 41. +</p> + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Sir Charles Phipps.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD ABERDEEN CONSULTED</span> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i> ? <i>15th May 1858.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">Upon being admitted to Lord Aberdeen, I informed him +that the Queen and Prince were anxious to hear his opinion +upon the present most unfortunate state of affairs, but that, +knowing how easily every event was perverted in such times as +the present, Her Majesty and His Royal Highness had thought +that it might have been subject to misapprehension had he +been known to have been at Buckingham Palace, and +that I had been therefore directed to call upon him, with a +view of obtaining his opinion and advice upon certain important +points.</p> +<span class="rightnote">PREROGATIVE OF DISSOLUTION</span> +<p class="ind">The first was the question of a Dissolution of Parliament in +the event of the Government being defeated upon the question +which was at present pending. I told him that I was permitted +to communicate to him in the strictest confidence, that +in a late Audience which Lord Derby had with the Queen, he +had asked her permission to be allowed to announce that, in +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.287" id="pageiii.287"></a>[page 287]</span> +the event of an adverse majority, he had Her Majesty's sanction +to a Dissolution of Parliament.</p> + +<p class="ind">That the Queen had declined to give such sanction, or even +such a pledge, and equally guarded herself against being supposed +to have made up her mind to refuse her sanction to a +Dissolution, had told Lord Derby that she could not then make +any prospective decision upon the subject. I told him that +in point of fact Her Majesty was disinclined to grant to Lord +Derby her authority for a Dissolution, but that the Queen +had at once refused to grant to Lord Derby her sanction for +making the announcement he wished, as she considered that +it would be a very unconstitutional threat for him to hold +over the head of the Parliament, with her authority, by way +of biassing their decision.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen interrupted me by saying that the Queen +had done quite right—that he never heard of such a request +being made, or authority for such an announcement being +sought—and he could not at all understand Lord Derby +making such an application. He knew that the Government +had threatened a Dissolution, that he thought that they had a +perfect right to do so, but that they would have been quite +wrong in joining the Queen's name with it.</p> + +<p class="ind">He said that he had never entertained the slightest doubt that +if the Minister advised the Queen to dissolve, she would, as a +matter of course, do so. The Minister who advised the Dissolution +took upon himself the heavy responsibility of doing so, +but that the Sovereign was bound to suppose that the person +whom she had appointed as a Minister was a gentleman and an +honest man, and that he would not advise Her Majesty to take +such a step unless he thought that it was for the good of the +country. There was no doubt of the power and prerogative of +the Sovereign to refuse a Dissolution—it was one of the very +few acts which the Queen of England could do without responsible +advice at the moment; but even in this case +whoever was sent for to succeed, must, with his appointment, +assume the responsibility of this act, and be prepared to defend +it in Parliament.</p> + +<p class="ind">He could not remember a single instance in which the undoubted +power of the Sovereign had been exercised upon this +point, and the advice of the Minister to dissolve Parliament +had been rejected—for it was to be remembered that Lord +Derby would be still at this time her Minister—and that the +result of such refusal would be that the Queen would take +upon herself the act of dismissing Lord Derby from office, instead +of his resigning from being unable longer to carry on +the Government.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.288" id="pageiii.288"></a>[page 288]</span> + +<p class="ind">The Queen had during her reign, and throughout the numerous +changes of Government, maintained an unassailable +position of constitutional impartiality, and he had no hesitation +in saying that he thought it would be more right, and +certainly more safe, for her to follow the usual course, than to +take this dangerous time for exercising an unusual and, he +believed he might say, an unprecedented, course, though the +power to exercise the authority was undoubted.</p> + +<p class="ind">He said that he did not conceive that any reasons of expediency +as to public business, or the possible effects of frequent +general elections, would be sufficient grounds for refusing a +Dissolution (and reasons would have to be given by the new +Minister in Parliament), and, as he conceived, the only possible +ground that could be maintained as foundation for such an +exercise of authority would be the fearful danger to the existence +of our power in India, which might arise from the intemperate +discussion upon every hustings of the proceedings +of the Government with respect to that country—as the question +proposed to the country would certainly be considered +to be severity or mercy to the people of India.</p> + +<p class="ind">Upon the second point, as to a successor to Lord Derby in +the event of his resignation, he said that the Queen would, he +thought, have no alternative but to send for Lord Palmerston. +The only other person who could be suggested would be Lord +John Russell, and he was neither the mover of the Resolutions +which displaced the Government, nor the ostensible head of +the Opposition, which the late meeting at Cambridge House +pointed out Lord Palmerston to be. That he was not very +fond of Lord Palmerston, though he had forgiven him all, and +he had had <i>much</i> to forgive; and that in the last few days it +had appeared that he had less following than Lord John; but +the Queen could not act upon such daily changing circumstances, +and it was evident that Lord Palmerston was the +ostensible man for the Queen to send for.</p> +<span class="rightnote">STATE OF PARTIES</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Aberdeen seemed very low upon the state of public +affairs. He said that the extreme Liberals were the only Party +that appeared to gain strength. Not only was the Whig Party +divided within itself, hated by the Radicals, and having a very +doubtful support from the independent Liberals, but even the +little band called the Peelites had entirely crumbled to pieces. +In the House of Lords, whilst the Duke of Newcastle voted +with the Opposition, he (Lord Aberdeen) had purposely abstained +from voting, whilst, in the House of Commons, Cardwell +moved the Resolution, and Mr Sidney Herbert would, he +believed, vote for it; Gladstone would speak on the other side, +and Sir J. Graham would also vote with the Government.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.289" id="pageiii.289"></a>[page 289]</span> + +<p class="ind">He concluded by saying that if the majority against the +Government was a very large one, he thought that Lord Derby +ought not to ask to dissolve; but that he knew that the +members of the Government had said that the present Parliament +was elected upon a momentary Palmerstonian cry, and +was quite an exceptional case, and that they would not consent +to be driven from office upon its verdict.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN AND DISSOLUTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>16th May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We saw Lord Derby after church. He brought interesting +letters from Lord Canning to Lord Ellenborough, of which +copies follow here. It is evident that Lord Canning thinks +that he is taking a most merciful course, and expects pacification +from his "Proclamation," attributing the slow coming in of +the chiefs to the Proclamation not being yet sufficiently known.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Ellenborough's, and indeed the Government's, hearts, +must have had curious sensations in reading Lord Canning's +frank declaration, that he did not mean to resign on hearing +of the formation of the Tory Government unless told to do so, +and he had no fears that he would be treated in a way implying +want of confidence to make him resign, feeling safe as to that +in Lord Ellenborough's hands!</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby spoke much of the Debate, which he expects to +go on for another week. He expects to be beaten by from +15 to 35 votes under present circumstances, but thinks still +that he could be saved if it were known that the Queen had not +refused a Dissolution, which was stoutly maintained by Lord +Palmerston's friends. He begged again to be empowered to +contradict the assertion. The Queen maintained that it would +be quite unconstitutional to threaten Parliament, and to use +her name for that purpose. Lord Derby quite agreed, and disclaimed +any such intention, but said there were modes of +letting the fact be known without any risk. We agreed that +we could not enter into such details. The Queen allowed him +(Lord Derby) to know that a Dissolution would not be refused +to him, and trusted that her honour would be safe in his hands +as to the use he made of that knowledge. He seemed greatly +relieved, and stated that had he had to resign, he would have +withdrawn from public business, and the Conservative Party +would have been entirely, and he feared for ever, broken up. +On a Dissolution he felt certain of a large gain, as the country +was in fact tired of the "Whig Family Clique"; the Radicals, +like Mr Milner Gibson, Bright, etc., would willingly support +a Conservative Government.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.290" id="pageiii.290"></a>[page 290]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i><sup>34</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">COLLAPSE OF THE ATTACK</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>21st May 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The fullest House; it is said 620 Members present; it was +supposed we should have divided at three o'clock in the morning; +Mr Gladstone was to have spoken for the Government at +half-past ten—very great excitement—when there occurred +a scene perhaps unprecedented in Parliament.</p> + +<p class="ind">One after another, perhaps twenty Members, on the Opposition +benches, rising and entreating Mr Cardwell to withdraw +his Resolution. After some time, silence on the Government +benches, Mr Cardwell went to Lord John Russell, then to Lord +Palmerston, then to Lord John Russell again, then returned to +Lord Palmerston, and retired with him.</p> + +<p class="ind">What are called the interpellations continued, when suddenly +Lord Palmerston reappeared; embarrassed, with a faint smile; +addressed the House; and after various preluding, announced +the withdrawal of the Motion of Censure.</p> + +<p class="ind">A various Debate followed; the Chancellor of the Exchequer +endeavouring, as far as regards Lord Canning, to fulfil +your Majesty's wishes. It is impossible to estimate the importance +of this unforeseen event to your Majesty's servants. +It has strengthened them more than the most decided division +in their favour, for it has revealed complete anarchy in the +ranks of their opponents. With prudence and vigilance all +must now go right.</p> + +<p class="ind">The speech of Sir James Graham last night produced a very +great effect. No report gives a fair idea of it. The great +country gentleman, the broad views, the fine classical allusions, +the happiest all omitted, the massy style, contrasted remarkably +with Sir Richard Bethell.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: Lord Shaftesbury's Motion in the Lords had been lost by a majority of nine. In +the Commons, Mr Cardwell was replied to in a brilliant speech by Sir Hugh Cairns, the +Solicitor-General. The speeches of Sir James Graham, Mr Bright, and others, showed +that the Opposition was disunited, and when it was understood that Mr Gladstone would +support the Ministry, the Liberal attack collapsed. Mr Disraeli, deprived of the satisfaction +of making an effective reply, subsequently compared the discomfiture of his opponents +to an earthquake in Calabria or Peru. "There was," he said, in the course of +a speech at Slough, "a rumbling murmur, a groan, a shriek, a sound of distant thunder. +No one knew whether it came from the top or bottom of the House. There was a rent, +a fissure in the ground, and then a village disappeared, then a tall tower toppled down, +and the whole of the Opposition benches became one great dissolving view of anarchy." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CAUSES OF THE COLLAPSE</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>23rd May 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Sunday night.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, gratefully acknowledges +your Majesty's gracious letter just received, and the telegraphic +message with which he was honoured in answer to his +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.291" id="pageiii.291"></a>[page 291]</span> +on Friday night. Your Majesty can hardly be expected to +estimate, at a distance from the immediate scene of action, the +effect of the event of that evening. It was the utter explosion +of a well-constructed mine, under the feet, not of the +assailed, but of the assailants; and the effect has been the +greater from the immense attendance in London of Members +of the House of Commons. No effort had been spared. Lord +Castlerosse, only just married, had been sent for from Italy—but +Lord Derby hopes that he had not been induced to come—for +nothing. It is said that of the 654 Members of whom +the House is composed, 626 were actually in London. The +Government could rely on 304 to 308, and the whole question +turned on the absence, or the conversion, of a small number of +"Liberal" Members. The result is to be attributed to two +causes; first, and principally, to the fear of a Dissolution, and +to the growing conviction that in case of necessity your Majesty +would sanction such a course, which had been strenuously +denied by Lord Palmerston—and in which Lord Derby hopes +that your Majesty will have seen that your Majesty's name has +never, for a moment, been brought in question; and secondly, +to the effect produced by the correspondence between the +Governor-General and Sir James Outram.<a id="footnotetagXXVII35" name="footnotetagXXVII35"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVII35"><sup>35</sup></a> And here Lord +Derby may perhaps be allowed the opportunity of removing +a misconception from your Majesty's mind, as to any secret +intelligence or underhand intrigue between Lord Ellenborough +and Sir James Outram, to the detriment of Lord Canning. +Lord Derby is in the position to know that if there is one +person in the world to whom Lord Ellenborough has an utter +aversion, and with whom he has no personal or private correspondence, +it is Sir James Outram. Anything therefore in +common in their opinions must be the result of circumstances +wholly irrespective of private concert. Lord Derby has +written fully to Lord Canning, privately, by the mail which +will go out on Tuesday; and while he has not concealed from +him the opinion of your Majesty's servants that the Proclamation, +of which so much has been said, conveyed too sweeping an +Edict of Confiscation against the landowners, great and small, +of Oudh, he has not hesitated to express also his conviction that +Lord Canning's real intentions, in execution, would not be +found widely to differ from the views of your Majesty's servants. +He has expressed to Lord Canning his regret at the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.292" id="pageiii.292"></a>[page 292]</span> +premature <i>publication</i> of the Draft Proclamation, at the same +time that he has pointed out the injustice done both to your +Majesty's Government and to the Governor-General by the +(Lord Derby will hardly call it fraudulent) suppression of the +private letters addressed to the President of the Board of Control, +and deprecating judgment on the text of the Proclamation, +until explanation should be received. Lord Derby +cannot but be of opinion that this suppression, of which Lord +Palmerston was fully cognisant, was an act which no political +or party interests were sufficient to justify.</p> +<span class="rightnote">OFFER TO MR GLADSTONE</span> +<p class="ind">The state of the Government, during the late crisis, was such +as to render it impossible to make any arrangement for filling +up Lord Ellenborough's place at the Board of Control. Application +has since been made to Mr Gladstone,<sup>36</sup> with the +offer of that post, or of that of the Colonial Department, +which Lord Stanley would give up for the convenience of your +Majesty's Government, though unwillingly, for India. Mr +Gladstone demurred, on the ground of not wishing to leave +his friends; but when pressed to name whom he would wish +to bring with him, he could name none. Finally, he has +written to ask advice as to his course of Sir James Graham, +who has returned to Netherby, and of Lord Aberdeen; and +by them he will probably be guided. Should he finally +refuse, Lord Stanley <i>must</i> take India; and the Colonies must +be offered in the first instance to Sir E. B. Lytton, who probably +will refuse, as he wants a Peerage, and is doubtful of +his re-election; and failing him, to Sir William Heathcote, +the Member for the University of Oxford, who, without +official experience, has great Parliamentary knowledge and +influence, and, if he will accept, is quite equal to the duties +of the office. Lord Derby trusts that your Majesty will +forgive this long intrusion on your Majesty's patience. He +has preferred the risk of it, to leaving your Majesty +uninformed as to anything which was going on, or contemplated....</p> + +<p class="ind">If Lord Dalhousie should be in a state to converse upon +public affairs, there is no one with whom Lord Derby could +confer more confidentially than with him; nor of whose +judgment, though he regrets to differ with him as to the +annexation of Oudh, he has a higher opinion. He will +endeavour to ascertain what is his present state of health, +which he fears is very unsatisfactory, and will see and +converse with him, if possible.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVII35" name="footnoteXXVII35"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVII35">Footnote 35:</a> Especially Outram's remonstrance against what he considered the excessive severity +of the Proclamation.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 36: See Mr Disraeli's curious letter printed in Morley's <i>Gladstone</i>, vol. i. p. 587, asking +Mr Gladstone whether the time had not come when he might deign to be magnanimous. +Sir E. B. Lytton accepted the office. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.293" id="pageiii.293"></a>[page 293]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>4th June 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to thank Lord Derby for his satisfactory +letter received yesterday. She has heard from Mr Disraeli +to-day relative to the answer given by him to the question +asked yesterday in the House of Commons as to what the +Government meant to do.<sup>37</sup> He says that he hears there are +rumours of other Motions on the subject. These the Queen +hopes there will be no difficulty in defeating.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Cambridge seems rather uneasy altogether, +but the Queen, though equally anxious about it, owns she +cannot contemplate the possibility of any <i>real</i> attempt to +divest the Crown of its prerogative in this instance. The Army +will not, she feels sure, stand it for a moment, and the Queen +feels sure, that if properly defined and explained, the House +of Commons will not acquiesce in any such disloyal proceeding.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen does not understand Lord John Russell's voting +with the majority, for she never understood him to express +any such opinion.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 37: A question was asked whether it was the intention of the Government to take any +step in consequence of a resolution of the House in favour of placing the whole administration +and control of the Army under the sole authority of a single Minister. Mr. Disraeli +replied that "considering the great importance of the subject,... the comparatively +small number of Members in the House when the division took pace, and the bare majority +by which the decision was arrived at, Her Majesty's Government do not feel that +it is their duty to recommend any measure in consequence of that resolution." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GOVERNMENT OF INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>24th June 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">The India Bill was read a second time without a division.<sup>38</sup> +Lord Stanley made a clear and vigorous exposition of its spirit +and provisions; Mr Bright delivered a powerful oration on +the condition of India—its past government and future +prospects; the rest of the discussion weak and desultory.</p> + +<p class="ind">No serious opposition apprehended in Committee, which the +Chancellor of the Exchequer has fixed for this day (Friday)<sup>39</sup> +and almost hopes that he may conclude the Committee on +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.294" id="pageiii.294"></a>[page 294]</span> +Monday. He proposes to proceed with no other business +until it is concluded.</p> + +<p class="ind">When the Bill has passed, the temper of the House, and +its sanitary state,<sup>40</sup> will assist him in passing the remaining +estimates with rapidity; and he contemplates an early +conclusion of the Session.</p> + +<p class="ind">It will be a great thing to have carried the India Bill, which +Mr Thomas Baring, to-night, spoke of in terms of eulogy, +and as a great improvement on the project of the late Government. +It is, the Chancellor of the Exchequer really thinks, +a wise and well-digested measure, ripe with the experience +of the last five months of discussion; but it is only the antechamber +of an imperial palace; and your Majesty would do +well to deign to consider the steps which are now necessary +to influence the opinions and affect the imagination of the +Indian populations. The name of your Majesty ought to be +impressed upon their native life. Royal Proclamations, +Courts of Appeal, in their own land, and other institutions, +forms, and ceremonies, will tend to this great result.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 38: This was the third Bill of the Session, and was founded on the Resolutions, +<i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.279" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 279</a>. The Government of India was transferred from the dual jurisdiction of the Company +and the Board of Control, to the Secretary of State for India in Council, the members +of the Council (after the provisions for representing vested interests should have lapsed) +to be appointed by the Secretary of State. A certain term of residence in India was +to be a necessary qualification, and the members were to be rendered incapable of sitting +in Parliament, and with a tenure of office as assured as that of judges under the Act of +Settlement.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 39: The letter is ante-dated. The 24th of June was a Thursday.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 40: In consequence of the polluted condition of the Thames, the Government carried a +measure enabling the Metropolitan Board of Works, at a cost of £3,000,000, to purify +"that noble river, the present state of which is little creditable to a great country, and +seriously prejudicial to the health and comfort of the inhabitants of the Metropolis."—Extract +from the Queen's Speech, at the close of the Session. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>8th July 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen in reading in the papers yesterday, on her way +here from the camp, the Debate in the House of Commons of the +previous night, was shocked to find that in several important +points her Government have surrendered the prerogatives<span class="rightnote">THE SOVEREIGN'S PREROGATIVES</span> +of the Crown. She will only refer to the clauses concerning +the Indian Civil Service and the right of peace and war.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to the first, the regulations under which +servants of the Crown are to be admitted or examined have +always been an undoubted right and duty of the Executive; +by the clause introduced by Lord Stanley the system of "Competitive +Examination" has been confirmed by Act of Parliament. +That system may be right or wrong; it has since its +introduction been carried on under the Orders in Council; +now the Crown and Government are to be deprived of any +authority in the matter, and the whole examinations, selection, +and appointments, etc., etc., are to be vested in the Civil +Commissioners under a Parliamentary title.</p> + +<p class="ind">As to the right of the Crown to declare war and make peace, +it requires not a word of remark; yet Lord Stanley agrees to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.295" id="pageiii.295"></a>[page 295]</span> +Mr Gladstone's proposal to make over this prerogative with +regard to Indian questions to Parliament under the auspices +of the Queen's Government; she is thus placed in a position +of less authority than the President of the American Republic.<sup>41</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">When a Bill has been introduced into Parliament, after +having received the Sovereign's approval, she has the right +to expect that her Ministers will not subsequently introduce +important alterations without previously obtaining her sanction. +In the first of the two instances referred to by the +Queen, Lord Stanley introduced the alteration himself; in +the second he agreed to it even without asking for a moment's +delay; and the Opposition party, which attempted to guard +the Queen's prerogative, was overborne by the Government +Leader of the House.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must remind Lord Derby that it is to him as the +head of the Government that she looks for the protection of +those prerogatives which form an integral part of the Constitution.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 41: An important amendment made at the instance of Mr Gladstone provided that, +except for repelling actual invasion or upon urgent necessity, the Queen's Indian forces +should not be employed in operations outside India, without Parliamentary sanction. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>16th July 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My truly beloved Victoria</span>,—Nothing can be <i>kinder</i> or +more <i>affectionate</i> than your dear letter of the 13th, and it +would have done <i>your warm heart</i> good to have <i>seen how much +I have been delighted and moved by it</i>. I can only say that I +love you both more tenderly than I could love my own children. +When your plans will be nearer maturity, you will +have the great kindness to let me know what will be your +Royal pleasure, to enable me <i>de m'y conformer bien exactement</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The feeling which occasions some grumbling at the Cherbourg +visit<sup>42</sup> is in fact a good feeling, but it is not over-wise. +Two things are to be done—(1) To make every reasonable +exertion to remain on personal good terms with the Emperor—which +can be done. One party in England says it is with +the French nation that you are to be on loving terms; this +<i>cannot</i> be, as the French dislike the English as a nation, though +they may be kind to you also personally. (2) The next is, +instead of a good deal of unnecessary abuse, to have the +Navy so organised that it can and must be superior to the +French. All beyond these two points is sheer nonsense.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.296" id="pageiii.296"></a>[page 296]</span> + +<p class="ind">After talking of Chambord,<sup>43</sup> to my utter horror he is here, +and asked yesterday to see me to-day. It is not fair to do so, +as the legitimists affect to this hour to consider [us] here as +rebels. I could not refuse to see him, as, though distantly, +still he is a relation; but I mean to do as they did in Holland, +to receive him, but to limit to his visit and my visit our whole +intercourse. If he should speak to me of going to England, +I certainly mean to tell him <i>que je considérais une visite comme +tout à fait intempestive</i>.... Your devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 42: On the 4th of August, the Queen and Prince, accompanied by the Prince of Wales, +visited the Emperor and Empress at Cherbourg.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 43: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.6" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 6</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir E. Bulwer Lytton.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BRITISH COLUMBIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>24th July 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Sir E. Bulwer Lytton's letter.<sup>44</sup> +If the name of New Caledonia is objected to as being already +borne by another colony or island claimed by the French, it +may be better to give the new colony west of the Rocky +Mountains another name. New Hanover, New Cornwall, +and New Georgia appear from the maps to be the names of +sub-divisions of that country, but do not appear on all maps. +The only name which is given to the whole territory in every +map the Queen has consulted is "Columbia," but as there +exists also a Columbia in South America, and the citizens of +the United States call their country also Columbia, at least in +poetry, "British Columbia" might be, in the Queen's opinion, +the best name.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 44: Stating that objections were being made in France to the name of New Caledonia +being given to the proposed colony between the Pacific and the Rocky Mountains. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ARMY COMMISSIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>29th July 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has been placed in a most unpleasant dilemma +by the last vote in the House of Commons;<sup>45</sup> she feels all +the force of Lord Derby's objections to risking another defeat +on the same question and converting the struggle into one +against the Royal Prerogative; yet, on the other hand, she +can hardly sit still, and from mere want of courage become +a party to the most serious inroad which has yet been made +upon it. It is the introduction of the principle into our legislation +that the Sovereign is no longer the source of all appointments +under the Crown, but that these appointments +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.297" id="pageiii.297"></a>[page 297]</span> +are the property of individuals under a Parliamentary title, +which the Queen feels bound to resist. Lord John Russell's +Motion and Sir James Graham's speech only went to the +Civil appointments; but after their Motion had been carried +on a division, Lord Stanley gave way to Sir De Lacy Evans +also with regard to a <i>portion of the Army!</i> If this principle is +recognised and sanctioned by the entire legislature, its future +extension can no longer be resisted on constitutional grounds, +and Lord John in fact reminded Lord Stanley that the latter +had stated that he only refrained from making the application +general from thinking it <i>premature</i>, himself being of +opinion that it ought to be carried further, and yet its extension +to the Army reduces the Sovereign to a mere signing +machine, as, to carry the case to its extreme consequence, +<i>Law</i> would <i>compel</i> her to sign the Commission for the officers, +and they might have the right to sue at law for the recovery +of their property vested in them by Act of Parliament (viz., +their Commissions) if the Crown doubted for any reason the +fitness of an appointment!! Have these consequences been +considered and brought distinctly before Parliament? It +strikes the Queen that all the Commons want is a Parliamentary +security against the abolition of the Competitive System of +Examinations by the Executive. Can this not be obtained +by means less subversive of the whole character of our Constitution? +The Queen cannot believe that Lord Derby could +not find means to come to some agreement with the Opposition, +and she trusts he will leave nothing undone to effect this.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 45: The Lords Amendments on the subject of competitive examination were rejected +by a majority of thirteen in the Commons, and, in the circumstances, Lord Derby had +advised abiding by the decision and not risking another defeat. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NAVAL ESTIMATES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>2nd August 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen feels it her duty to address a few lines to Lord +Derby on the subject of the reports made to Sir John Pakington +on the subject of the French Naval preparations, to which +she has already verbally adverted when she saw Lord Derby +last. These reports reveal a state of things of the greatest +moment to this country. It will be the first time in her history +that she will find herself in an absolute minority of ships on +the sea! and this inferiority will be much greater in reality +than even apparent, as our fleet will have to defend possessions +and commerce all over the world, and has even in Europe a +strategical line to hold extending from Malta to Heligoland, +whilst France keeps her fleet together and occupies the centre +of that line in Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks it irreconcilable with the duty which the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.298" id="pageiii.298"></a>[page 298]</span> +Government owes to the country to be aware of this state of +things without straining every nerve to remedy it. With +regard to men in whom we are also totally deficient in case +of an emergency, a Commission of Enquiry is sitting to devise +a remedy; but with regard to our ships and dockyards we +require action, and immediate action. The plan proposed by +the Surveyor of the Navy appears to the Queen excessively +moderate and judicious, and she trusts that the Cabinet will +not hesitate to empower its execution, bearing in mind that +£200,000 spent now will probably do more work during the +six or nine months for working before us, than £2,000,000 +would if voted in next year's estimate, letting our arrears in +the dockyards, already admitted to be very great, accumulate +in the interval. Time is most precious under these circumstances!</p> + +<p class="ind">It is true that this sum of money would be in excess of the +estimates of last Session, but the Queen feels sure that on the +faith of the reports made by the Admiralty, the Government +would find no difficulty in convincing Parliament that they +have been good stewards of the public money, in taking +courageously the responsibility upon themselves to spend +judiciously what is necessary, and that the country will be +deeply grateful for the honesty with which they will have +served her.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Derby to communicate this letter +to the Cabinet.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Babelsberg</span>, <i>15th August 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has asked Lord Malmesbury to explain in detail +to Lord Derby her objections to the draft of Proclamation +for India. The Queen would be glad if Lord Derby would +write it himself in his excellent language, bearing in mind +that it is a female Sovereign who speaks to more than +100,000,000 of Eastern people on assuming the direct Government +over them after a bloody civil war, giving them pledges +which her future reign is to redeem, and explaining the principles +of her Government. Such a document should breathe +feelings of generosity, benevolence, and religious feeling, pointing +out the privileges which the Indians will receive in being +placed on an equality with the subjects of the British Crown, +and the prosperity following in the train of civilisation.<sup>46</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 46: The draft Proclamation was accordingly altered so as to be in strict harmony with +the Queen's wishes. See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.304" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 304</a>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.299" id="pageiii.299"></a>[page 299]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Stanley.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PROCLAMATION FOR INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>4th September 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends to Lord Stanley a Memorandum embodying +her wishes with respect to the transaction of business between +herself and the new Secretary of State. He will find that +she has omitted any reference to Military appointments, as +Lord Stanley seemed anxious to defer a settlement on this +point; she expects, however, that in all cases in which her +pleasure was taken by the Commander-in-Chief, even during +the administration of the East India Company and Board of +Control, the same practice will be continued unaltered.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Stanley's letter of yesterday. +He has given her no answer with respect to Sir James Melvill.<sup>47</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Whenever the Proclamation is finally printed, the Queen +would wish to have a copy sent her. A letter she has received +from Lady Canning speaks of Lord Canning's supposed +Amnesty in Oudh as a fabrication; she has sent the letter +to Lord Derby.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 47: The Queen had asked how it was that Sir J. Melvill's name was not included among +those submitted to her for appointments in connection with the new military organisation +in India. Sir James had been Financial Secretary, and afterwards Chief Secretary, +for the East India Company. He now became the Government Director of Indian +railways, and a Member of the Council of India. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>4th September 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes the practice of the Office<sup>48</sup> with reference +to submissions to her to be as nearly as possible assimilated +to that of the Foreign Office.</p> + +<p class="ind">All despatches, when received and perused by the Secretary +of State, to be sent to the Queen. They may be merely forwarded +in boxes from the Office without being accompanied +by any letter from the Secretary of State, unless he should +think an explanation necessary. No draft of instructions +or orders to be sent out without having been previously submitted +to the Queen. The label on the boxes of the Office +containing such drafts to be marked "For Approval."</p> + +<p class="ind">In cases of Civil appointments the Secretary of State will +himself take the Queen's pleasure before communicating with +the gentlemen to be appointed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Copies or a <i>précis</i> of the Minutes of the Council to be regularly +transmitted to the Queen.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Secretary of State to obtain the Queen's sanction to +important measures previously to his bringing them before +the Council for discussion.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 48: The India Office.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.300" id="pageiii.300"></a>[page 300]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD PALMERSTON</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>4th September 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The most remarkable feature of the last Session of Parliament +has been the extraordinary unpopularity of Lord +Palmerston, for which nothing can account; the only direct +reproach which is made to him, is to have appointed Lord +Clanricarde Privy Seal, and to have been overbearing in his +manner. Yet a House of Commons, having been elected +solely for the object, and on the ground of supporting Lord +Palmerston personally (an instance in our Parliamentary +history without parallel), holds him suddenly in such abhorrence, +that not satisfied with having upset his Government, +which had been successful in all its policy, and thrown him +out, it will hardly listen to him when he speaks. He is frequently +received with hooting, and throughout the last Session +it sufficed that [he] took up any cause for the whole House +voting against it, even if contrary to the principles which +they had themselves advocated, merely to have the satisfaction +of putting him into a minority. How can this be +accounted for? The man who was without rhyme or reason +stamped the only <i>English</i> statesman, the champion of liberty, +the man of the people, etc., etc., now, without his having +changed in any one respect, having still the same virtues +and the same faults that he always had, young and vigorous +in his seventy-fifth year, and having succeeded in his policy, +is now considered the head of a clique, the man of intrigue, +past his work, etc., etc.—in fact hated! and this throughout +the country. I cannot explain the enigma except by supposing +that people had before joined in a cry which they +thought was popular without themselves believing what they +said and wrote, and that they now do the same; that the +Radicals used his name to destroy other statesmen and politicians, +and are destroying him now in his turn; that they +hoped to govern through him, and that they see a better +chance now of doing it through a weak and incapable Tory +Government which has entered into a secret bargain for their +support. Still the phenomenon remains most curious.<sup>49</sup></p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 49: Charles Greville, in his Journal (16th June 1858), noted the same +circumstance, +and drew the inference that Palmerston's public career was drawing to a close.]</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston himself remains, outwardly at least, quite +cheerful, and seems to care very little about his reverses; +he speaks on all subjects, bids for the Liberal support as +before, even at the expense of his better conviction (as he +used to do), and keeps as much as possible before the public; +he made an official tour in Ireland, and is gone to visit the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.301" id="pageiii.301"></a>[page 301]</span> +Emperor Napoleon at Paris; his Chinese policy upon which +the general Dissolution had taken place in 1857 has just been +crowned by the most complete success by the advantageous +treaty signed at Pekin by Lord Elgin; and yet even for this +the public will not allow him any credit. Lady Palmerston, +on the contrary, is said to be very unhappy and very much +hurt.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Sir E. Bulwer Lytton to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE IONIAN ISLANDS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Colonial Office</span>, <i>1st November 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir E. B. Lytton, with his humble duty to the Queen, submits +to your Majesty's pleasure the appointment of the Right +Honourable W. E. Gladstone, as special High Commissioner +to the Ionian Islands.</p> + +<p class="ind">Differences of long standing between the Executive and +Legislative branches of the Ionian Constitution, aggravated +by recent dissensions between the Senate and Municipal +Magistrature, render it very expedient to obtain the opinion +of a statesman of eminence, formed upon the spot, as to any +improvements in the workings and results of the Constitution +which it might be in the power of the protecting Sovereign to +effect. And Sir Edward thinks it fortunate for the public +service that a person so distinguished and able as Mr Gladstone +should be induced to undertake this mission.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Edward ventures to add that, should Her Majesty be +graciously pleased to approve this appointment, it is extremely +desirable that Mr Gladstone should depart at the earliest +possible day, and that Sir Edward may be enabled to make +the requisite announcement to the Lord High Commissioner +by the first mail.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to the Prince Albert.</i></h5><span class="rightnote">LORD STANLEY AND MR DISRAELI</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Grosvenor Gate</span>, <i>18th November 1858</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Wednesday night.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—After the Committee of the Cabinet on the Reform +Bill, which sat this morning for five hours, Lord Stanley +expressed a wish to have some private conversation with me.</p> + +<p class="ind">Although I would willingly have deferred the interview till +a moment when I was less exhausted, I did not think it wise, +with a person of his temperament, to baulk an occasion, and +therefore assented at once.</p> + +<p class="ind">I give your Royal Highness faithfully, but feebly, and not +completely, the results of our conversation.</p> + +<p class="ind">1. With respect to the relations between his office and Her +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.302" id="pageiii.302"></a>[page 302]</span> +Majesty, he said he was conscious that they had been conducted +with great deficiency of form, and, in many respects, +in an unsatisfactory manner; but he attributed all this to +the inexperience and "sheer ignorance" of a Department +which had not been accustomed to direct communication +with the Crown. Some portion of this, he said, he had already +remedied, and he wished to remedy all, though he experienced +difficulties, on some of which he consulted me.</p> + +<p class="ind">He accepted, without reserve, and cordially, my position, +that he must act always as the Minister of the Queen, and not +of the Council, but he said I took an exaggerated view of his +relations with that body; that he thoroughly knew their +respective places, and should be vigilant that they did [? not] +overstep their limits; that he had never been, of which he +reminded me, an admirer of the East India Company, and +had no intention of reviving their system; that the incident +of submitting the legal case to the Council, etc., had originated +in a demand on the part of the Commander-in-Chief, which +involved, if complied with, a grant of money, and that, under +these circumstances, an appeal to the Council was inevitable.</p> + +<p class="ind">2. He agreed with me, that, on all military matters, he +would habitually communicate with the Commander-in-Chief, +and take His Royal Highness's advice on all such points; +and that copies of all military papers, as I understood Lord +Stanley, should be furnished to His Royal Highness.</p> + +<p class="ind">3. Having arrived at this point, I laid before him the views +respecting <i>military unity</i>, which formed the subject matter +of recent conversations. Lord Stanley assented to the principles +which I attempted to enforce; and in reply to my +reminding him that the old military system of India had +entirely broken down, he said he contemplated terminating +the independent authority of the Commander-in-Chief at the +inferior Presidencies, and of establishing the absolute and +complete authority of Her Majesty's Commander-in-Chief in +India. He did not seem to see his way to any further step at +present, and I did not think it judicious on this occasion to +press the subject further.</p> + +<p class="ind">Throughout this interview, Lord Stanley's manner was +candid, very conciliatory, and, for him, even soft. He was +pleased to say that it was a source of great satisfaction to +him that your Royal Highness had deigned to confer confidentially +with me on the subject, and make me, as it were, +a "Mediator" on matters which, he assured me with great +emphasis, had occasioned him an amount of anxiety almost +intolerable.</p> +<span class="rightnote">SUGGESTED RESIGNATION</span> +<p class="ind">He had recurred, in the course of this interview, to a suggestion +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.303" id="pageiii.303"></a>[page 303]</span> +which he had thrown out on Tuesday, viz. that the +difficulties of the position might be removed, or greatly +mitigated, by his retirement from the office, and accepting, +if his continuance in the Government was desirable, another +post. I therefore thought it best at once to point out to him +that such a course of proceeding would only aggravate all the +inconveniences and annoyances at present existing; that his +retirement would be the signal for exaggerated rumours and +factious machinations, and would have the most baneful effect +on the discussion in Parliament generally of all those military +topics with which we were threatened; that, far from being +satisfactory to Her Majesty and your Royal Highness, I was +convinced that the Queen and yourself would hear of such an +intention with regret.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Stanley ultimately adopted entirely this view of his +position, and he parted from me with an earnest expression +of his hope that the painful misconceptions which had prevailed +might at once, or at least in due course, entirely disappear.</p> + +<p class="ind">This, Sir, is a very imperfect report of an important interview, +but, as I collected from Lord Stanley, that nothing was +really settled in his conference on Tuesday with Lord Derby +and the Lord Chancellor, I have thought it my duty, without +loss of time, to forward it to your Royal Highness, and have +the honour to remain, ever, Sir, your most obedient and +sincerely obliged Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">B. Disraeli</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Prince Albert to Mr Disraeli.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>18th November 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Mr Disraeli</span>,—I am very much obliged to you +for your long letter after a Cabinet meeting of five hours, and +subsequent interview with Lord Stanley, whom I am much +pleased to hear you found so anxious to remedy the present +state of things. I am glad that you made it clear to him that +the Queen had never connected in her mind the objections +which she felt bound to take with anything personal, which +could be removed by Lord Stanley's relinquishing the Indian +Secretaryship. The difficulty would still remain to be solved, +only under additional complication and disadvantage. Lord +Derby told me to-day that he was drawing up a Memorandum +which, when seen by the Chancellor and Lord Stanley, was +to be submitted to the Queen. Ever yours truly,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Albert.</span><sup>50</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: On the same day Lord Stanley wrote a lengthy letter to the Queen justifying the +course he had taken. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.304" id="pageiii.304"></a>[page 304]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Stanley</i>.</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE INDIA OFFICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>20th November 1858.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Stanley's letter entering into +the subject of the difficulties which have arisen in the conduct +of the new Indian Department. She had from the first foreseen +that it would not be an easy matter to bring the establishments +of the old Company's Government to fall into the +practice and usages of the Constitutional Monarchy, and was +therefore most anxious that distinct rules should be laid down +before the installation of the new Government, which unfortunately +was not done, but she trusts will now be devised +and adopted.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen most readily gives Lord Stanley credit for +every intention to remove the obstacles in the way of the +solution of these difficulties as far as he was able, but she +cannot but fear that the particular form in which the opinion +of the Law Officers has been asked, and the fact [that] the +eighteen members of the Council (all naturally wedded to a +system under which they were trained) were made parties to +the discussion between herself and her Secretary of State on +these difficulties—must increase instead of diminishing them.</p> + +<p class="ind">The account given by Mr Temple, together with the last +printed letters and Memoranda from the Punjab, give us +serious cause of apprehension for the future, and show that +the <i>British</i> Army is the only safeguard at present.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Canning.</i><sup>51</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD CANNING'S PROCLAMATION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>2nd December 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen acknowledges the receipt of Lord Canning's +letter of the 19th October, which she received on the 29th +November, which has given her great pleasure.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is a source of great satisfaction and pride to her to feel +herself in direct communication with that enormous Empire +which is so bright a jewel of her Crown, and which she would +wish to see happy, contented, and peaceful. May the publication +of her Proclamation be the beginning of a new era, and +may it draw a veil over the sad and bloody past!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen rejoices to hear that her Viceroy approves this +passage about Religion.<sup>52</sup> She strongly insisted on it. She +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.305" id="pageiii.305"></a>[page 305]</span> +trusts also that the certainty of the Amnesty remaining open +till the 1st January may not be productive of serious evil.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must express our admiration of Lord Canning's +own Proclamation, the wording of which is beautiful. The +telegram received to-day brings continued good news, and +announces her proclamation having been read, and having +produced a good effect.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes to hear from Lord Canning, whenever +he can spare time to write. She misses hearing from Lady +Canning, not having heard from her since the 30th August; +but the Queen fears that she is herself to blame, as she has +not written to Lady Canning for a long time; she intends +doing so by the next mail....</p> + +<p class="ind">Both the Prince and herself hope that Lord Canning's +health is now perfectly good, as well as dear Lady Canning's. +We ask him to remember us to her, and also to Lord Clyde.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen concludes with every wish for Lord Canning's +success and prosperity, and with the assurance of her undiminished +and entire confidence.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 51: The Queen's Proclamation to her Indian subjects had been received by Lord Canning +on the 17th of October, when he also learned that the title of Viceroy was in future to +dignify the Governor-General's office.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 52: "Firmly relying ourselves on the truth of Christianity, and acknowledging with +gratitude the solace of religion, we disclaim alike the right and desire to impose our +convictions on any of our subjects." The Proclamation proceeded to state that all the +Queen's Indian subjects should be impartially protected by the law, and live unmolested +in the observance of their several religions. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Malmesbury to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND ITALY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>10th December 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Earl of Malmesbury presents his humble duty to the +Queen, and has already anticipated your Majesty's wishes +respecting the Emperor Napoleon.<sup>53</sup> Lord Malmesbury has +written to Lord Cowley a private letter, desiring him to show +it to His Majesty. It is in the same sense as your Majesty's, +and states that if he is anxious to improve the lot of the worst +governed country, namely the Papal States, he should, instead +of sulking with Austria, make an attempt with his Catholic +brother to ameliorate the Papal Government. It is not for +Protestant England to take the initiative, as her object would +be misunderstood and attributed to sectarian motives; but +England could give her moral support, and even her material +aid <i>eventually</i>, if it were required to establish an improved +Administration of the Roman States. Austria would gain by +having a quiet frontier. The correspondence which took place +in 1856 and 1857 between Lord Clarendon and Mr Lyons +shows that this is the only effective way of ameliorating the +condition of Italy without a war.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.306" id="pageiii.306"></a>[page 306]</span> + +<p class="ind">Lord Malmesbury thinks he can assure your Majesty that +none is at present contemplated by the Emperor Napoleon +(who has just contradicted the report officially), and Count +Buol is of the same opinion. The latter is constantly hurting +the vanity of the French Government by his irritable despatches, +and neither party makes the slightest effort to command +their temper; but it appears impossible that Napoleon +can make a <i>casus belli</i> against Austria. Besides this, your +Majesty may be assured that no warlike preparations are +making in France, such as must precede such a plan as an +Italian war.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Malmesbury entirely agrees with your Majesty that +it is desirable that His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales +should visit and remain at Rome incognito. It is also indispensable +that when there His Royal Highness should receive +no foreigner or stranger <i>alone</i>, so that no reports of pretended +conversations with such persons could be circulated without +immediate refutation by Colonel Bruce. Lord Malmesbury +will instruct Mr Odo Russell to inform His Holiness of your +Majesty's intentions in respect of the Prince.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 53: Viz. that the Emperor's mind should be diverted from his project of originating a +war in Italy. On the previous day Lord Malmesbury had written to the Queen: "Lord +Clarendon may have told your Majesty that the Emperor Napoleon was so ignorant of +the locality of Villafranca that he looked for it on the map in the Adriatic, and was +confounded when Lord Clarendon showed His Majesty that it was the Port of Nice and +ten miles from his frontier!" +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>17th December 1858</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Dearest Uncle</span>,—I wrote in such a hurry on Wednesday +that I wish to make amends by writing again to-day, +and entering more properly into what <i>you</i> wrote about in +your kind letter....</p> + +<p class="ind">I really <i>hope</i> that there is no <i>real</i> desire for war in the +Emperor's mind; we have also explained to him strongly +how <i>entirely</i> he would <i>alienate</i> us from him if there was any +<i>attempt</i> to <i>disturb standing and binding treaties</i>. The +Empress-Dowager +of Russia<sup>54</sup> is very ill, they say, with bronchitis and +fever.</p> + +<p class="ind">I did not tell you, that when we went on the 2nd to Claremont +I was <i>not</i> pleased with the Queen's appearance. She +had had a slight cold, and I thought her very <i>feeble</i>. They +keep her rooms so fearfully [hot] that it must really be <i>very</i> +weakening for her and predispose her to cold. I am ever, +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 54: The Empress Alexandra Feodorovna (formerly the Princess Louise Charlotte of +Prussia, sister to King Frederick William IV.), widow of the Emperor Nicholas. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.307" id="pageiii.307"></a>[page 307]</span> + + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXVIII</h3> + + +<p>Parliamentary Reform was the question of the hour at the +outset of the year 1859, and the Derby Government, though with +difficulty able to maintain itself in power, took the courageous step +of introducing a Reform Bill, the chief feature of which was the introduction +of a franchise based on personal property. Mr Walpole and +Mr Henley thereupon withdrew from the Ministry, and Lord John +Russell, from below the gangway, proposed an Amendment, protesting +against interference with the established freehold franchise, and +calling for a larger extension of the suffrage in towns. Lord Palmerston +and the Liberal Opposition supported the Amendment, while +Mr Gladstone, who was opposed to most of the provisions of the Bill, +supported it in preference to the Amendment, pleading, at the same +time, for the retention of the small boroughs. The Ministry were +defeated, and Parliament thereupon dissolved, but not until the civil +functionaries and all ranks of the native and European army had +received its thanks for the final suppression of the Indian Mutiny. +The Ministry gained twenty-five seats at the polls, but were still in +a minority, and as soon as it was known that Lord John Russell and +Lord Palmerston were reconciled, the end was in sight. A hostile +Amendment to the Address was carried by a majority of thirteen, +but on Lord Derby's resignation, the Queen was placed in a dilemma +by the competing claims of Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell, +who had each been Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party. +Unwilling to be compelled to decide between them, she called upon +Lord Granville to form a Ministry representative of all sections of +the Liberal Party; but the difficulties proved insuperable, and Lord +Palmerston eventually formed a Ministry in which the Whigs, the +Peelites, and the Manchester School were all represented, though +Mr Cobden declined to join the Government. Mr Gladstone, who +had returned from the mission he had undertaken for the Derby +Cabinet, and voted with them in the critical division, became Chancellor +of the Exchequer, and kept his seat for Oxford University by +a majority of nearly two hundred.</p> + +<p>The continent of Europe was the scene of a contest between Austria +on the one hand, who was struggling to maintain her position in Italy, +and France with Sardinia on the other. Sardinia, under the guidance +of Cavour, had joined the alliance of England and France against +Russia; and in July 1858 an interview at Plombières, under rather +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.308" id="pageiii.308"></a>[page 308]</span> +mysterious circumstances, between Cavour and Louis Napoleon, led +to effective confederacy; a marriage, arranged or suggested at the +same time, between Princess Clothilde of Sardinia and a cousin of +the Emperor, brought the two illustrious houses still closer together. +In the spring of 1859, Sardinia prepared to take up arms to resist +Austrian predominance, and the assistance of the guerilla leader, +Garibaldi, was obtained. Count Cavour, in reply to interrogatories +from the British Government, stated officially his grievances against +Austria, while Lord Malmesbury despatched Lord Cowley on a +special mission to Vienna to mediate between Austria and France. +In April, however, after a curt summons to the Sardinians to disarm +had been disregarded, Austria invaded Piedmont, and Victor Emmanuel +placed himself at the head of his army. The first engagement +took place, with unfavourable results to the Austrians, at Montebello, +followed by French victories at Palestro and Magenta. A revolution +had meanwhile taken place in Florence. The Grand Duke had fled, +and a Commissioner to administer the affairs of the Grand Duchy had +been appointed by the King of Sardinia with the assent of the Tuscans, +who now joined the Franco-Sardinian alliance, while risings also took +place in Parma and Modena. The Austrians were again defeated +at Malegnano, and, on the 8th of June, the French Emperor and +King Victor Emmanuel entered Milan amid great enthusiasm. The +bloody action of Solferino was fought on the 24th of June, but on the +11th of July a treaty of peace was, somewhat unexpectedly, concluded +between the French and Austrian Emperors at Villafranca, +under which an Italian Confederation was to be erected, Lombardy +substantially ceded to Sardinia, the Grand Duke of Tuscany and the +Duke of Modena reinstated, and Venetia, though included in the +Confederation, to remain subject to the Imperial Crown of Austria; +these preliminaries were subsequently converted into a definite treaty +at Zurich. Meanwhile, the newly constituted representative Assemblies +in Tuscany, Romagna, and the Duchies, unanimously pronounced +for incorporation in the kingdom of Victor Emmanuel.</p> + +<p>At home, on the 14th of October, the Queen opened the Glasgow +waterworks at the outflow of Loch Katrine, the construction of which +had necessitated engineering operations at that time considered +stupendous; a few days later an appalling shipping calamity +occurred, in the wreck of the <i>Royal Charter</i> near Anglesey, and the +loss of 459 lives.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.309" id="pageiii.309"></a>[page 309]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXVIII</h2> + +<h5>1859</h5> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns Mr Gladstone's letters, and gladly +accepts his patriotic offer.<sup>1</sup> He will have difficulty in solving +a delicate question, affecting national feeling, against time, +but his offer comes most opportunely.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.301" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 301</a>. Mr Gladstone had been sent to enquire into the causes of the dissatisfaction +of the inhabitants of the Ionian Islands with their High Commissioner, Sir +John Young. He now offered to act himself for a limited time as High Commissioner, +should it be decided to recall Sir John. He was succeeded in February by Sir Henry +Storks. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NATIONAL DEFENCES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>13th January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">As the Cabinet are now meeting, and will probably come +to a decision about the estimates for the year, the Queen +thinks it her duty to urge upon them in the strongest manner +her conviction that, under the present aspect of political +affairs in Europe, there will be no safety to the honour, power, +and peace of this country except in Naval and Military +strength. The extraordinary exertions which France is making +in her Naval Department oblige us to exercise the utmost +vigour to keep up a superiority at sea, upon which our very +existence may be said to depend, and which would be already +lost at any moment that France were to be joined by any +other country possessing a Navy.<sup>2</sup> The war in India has +drained us of every available Battalion. We possess at this +moment only fourteen old Battalions of the Line within the +three kingdoms, and twelve Second Battalions newly raised, +whilst our Mediterranean possessions are under-garrisoned, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.310" id="pageiii.310"></a>[page 310]</span> +and Alderney has not as yet any garrison at all. Under these +circumstances the Queen has heard it rumoured that the +Government intend to propose a reduction on the estimates +of 9,000 men for this year. She trusts that such an idea, if +ever entertained, will upon reflection be given up as inconsistent +with the duty which the Government owe to the +country. Even if it were said that these 9,000 men have only +existed on paper, and have not yet been raised, such an act +at this moment would be indefensible; for it would require a +proof that circumstances have arisen which make it desirable +to ask for fewer troops than were considered requisite when +the last estimates were passed, which really cannot be said +to be the case! To be able to raise at any time an additional +9,000 men (in political danger) without having to go to Parliament +for a supplementary vote and spreading alarm thereby, +must be of the utmost value to the Government, and if not +wanted, the vote will entail no additional expense.</p> + +<p class="ind">England will not be listened to in Europe, and be powerless +for the preservation of the general peace, which must be her +first object under the present circumstances, if she is known +to be despicably weak in her military resources, and no statesman +will, the Queen apprehends, maintain that if a European +war were to break out she could hope to remain long out of +it. For peace and for war, therefore, an available Army is +a necessity to her.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes Lord Derby to communicate this letter +to the Cabinet.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 2: The French Emperor had signalised the opening of a new year by an ominous speech. +To M. Hübner, the Austrian Ambassador at Paris, who had attended, with the other foreign +representatives, to offer the usual congratulations on the 1st of January, he observed: +"I regret that the relations between our two Governments are not more satisfactory; +but I beg you to assure the Emperor that they in no respect alter my feelings of friendship +to himself." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Odo Russell<a id="footnotetagXXVIII3" name="footnotetagXXVIII3"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII3"><sup>3</sup></a> to Mr Corbett.</i><a id="footnotetagXXVIII4" name="footnotetagXXVIII4"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII4"><sup>4</sup></a></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE POPE</span> + +<h5>(<i>Submitted to Queen Victoria</i>.)</h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Rome</span>, <i>14th January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—I had the honour of being received by the Pope at a +private audience this morning at the Vatican. No one else +was present.</p> + +<p class="ind">His Holiness, whose manner towards me was most kind and +benevolent, said: "You are appointed to succeed a very good +man,<a id="footnotetagXXVIII5" name="footnotetagXXVIII5"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII5"><sup>5</sup></a> for whom I felt great affection, and I regret that he has +left Rome. You may be as good as he was, and we shall +become friends, but I do not know you yet, and Mr Lyons I +had known for many years; he is going to America, I hear, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.311" id="pageiii.311"></a>[page 311]</span> +and he will find the Americans far more difficult to deal with +than with us.</p> + +<p class="ind">"I am much gratified to hear that the Prince of Wales is +likely to visit Rome, and Her Majesty, I feel sure, has done +well to allow him to prosecute his studies here. It will be an +honour to me to receive him at the Vatican, and I beg that +you will confer with Cardinal Antonelli<a id="footnotetagXXVIII6" name="footnotetagXXVIII6"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII6"><sup>6</sup></a> as to the best means +of making the Prince's visit here useful and pleasant. We +are anxious that all his wishes should be attended to, that he +may preserve a pleasant recollection of Rome in the future. +Alas! so many erroneous impressions exist about this country +that I hope you will not judge of us too rashly. We are +advised to make reforms, and it is not understood that those +very reforms, which would consist in giving this country a +Government of laymen, would make it cease to exist. It is +called 'States of the Church' (<i>États de l' Église</i>), and that is +what it must remain. It is true I have lately appointed a +layman to a post formerly held by an ecclesiastic, and I may +do so again occasionally; but, however small we may be, we +cannot yield to outer pressure, and this country must be +administered by men of the Church. For my part, I shall +fulfil my duties according to my conscience, and should +Governments and events turn against me they cannot make +me yield. I shall go with the faithful to the Catacombs, as +did the Christians of the early centuries, and there await the +will of the Supreme Being, for I dread no human Power upon +earth and fear nothing but God."</p> + +<p class="ind">"But, Holy Father," I said, "you speak as if some great +danger threatened Rome—is there any [real?] cause for +apprehension?"</p> + +<p class="ind">"Have you not heard," His Holiness answered, "that +great excitement prevails throughout Italy?—the state of +Lombardy is deplorable; evil spirits are at work even in my +dominions, and the late speech of the King of Sardinia is +calculated to inflame the minds of all the revolutionary men +of Italy. It is true he says he will observe existing Treaties, +but that will scarcely counter-balance the effect produced by +other portions of his speech. News has also reached me of +an extensive amnesty granted by the King of Naples—he +did not yield to outer pressure, and he was right—but now, +on the occasion of the marriage of his son, an act of clemency +on his part is well advised."</p> + +<p class="ind">"Is it true," I said, "that political prisoners are included +in that Amnesty?"</p> + +<p class="ind">"Yes," His Holiness answered; "I saw the name of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.312" id="pageiii.312"></a>[page 312]</span> +Settembrini, and I think also of that other man in whom your +Government took so much interest—his name begins with a +'P' if I remember rightly——"</p> + +<p class="ind">"Poerio," I suggested.</p> + +<p class="ind">"That is the name," the Pope continued; "and I fancy +that all the other political prisoners will be released; they are +to be sent to Cadiz at the expense of the King, they are to be +clothed and receive some money, I believe, and after that +arrangements have been made with the Minister of the United +States to have them conveyed to that country; they are to be +exiled for life. I hope this event may have the effect of making +your Government and that of France renew diplomatic relations +with Naples; I always regretted that rupture, but the +King was right not to yield to outer pressure.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE POPE AND LORD PALMERSTON</span> +<p class="ind">"It is lucky," the Pope ended with a smile, "that Lord +Palmerston is not in office; he was too fond of interfering in +the concerns of foreign countries, and the present crisis would +just have suited him. <i>Addio, caro</i>," the Pope then said, and +dismissed me with his blessing.</p> + +<p class="ind">I then, according to usage, called on Cardinal Antonelli, +and recounted to him what had passed. He confirmed all +the Pope had said, but denied that there was any very serious +cause for immediate apprehension of any general disturbance +of the peace of Italy. I have, etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Odo Russell</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVIII3" name="footnoteXXVIII3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII3">Footnote 3:</a> Secretary of Legation at Florence, resident in Rome, afterwards Lord Ampthill.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVIII4" name="footnoteXXVIII4"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII4">Footnote 4:</a> Secretary of Legation at Florence, afterwards successively Minister at Rio Janeiro +and Stockholm.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVIII5" name="footnoteXXVIII5"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII5">Footnote 5:</a> Richard Bickerton Pemell Lyons, who had just been transferred from Rome to +Washington. He had recently succeeded his father, the Admiral, in the Barony of +Lyons, and was himself subsequently promoted to an Earldom.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVIII6" name="footnoteXXVIII6"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII6">Footnote 6:</a> Secretary of Foreign Affairs for the Papal States. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Malmesbury to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>18th January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Earl of Malmesbury presents his humble duty to the +Queen, and has the honour to inform your Majesty that he has +seen the French Ambassador to-day, who came of his own +accord to say that we need be in no apprehension, of a war <i>at +present</i>, as the public opinion in France, especially in the large +towns, had been so strongly pronounced against a war that +it was impossible. Lord Malmesbury is also glad to inform +your Majesty that the Cabinet has agreed to-day to make +a great addition to the effective force of your Majesty's Navy.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty's commands are obeyed respecting the +telegram to Berlin.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Malmesbury to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, 25th <i>January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Earl of Malmesbury presents his humble duty to the +Queen, and regrets to say that he shares your Majesty's +apprehensions. The Emperor is extremely irritated at our +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.313" id="pageiii.313"></a>[page 313]</span> +not concurring in his views on Italy, and Lord Malmesbury +believes that nothing will restrain him but the public opinion +expressed against them, in France.<sup>7</sup> Austria has, against all +our advice and common prudence, made a false move by +sending troops into the Papal States <i>against</i> the wish of <i>the +Pope</i>, and is now obliged to recall them. The speech of your +Majesty is to be discussed in Cabinet to-day. Lord Derby +intended to introduce a paragraph stating that your Majesty's +Alliance with France remained "unimpaired," but it now +appears to us that such a statement might provoke a question +"<i>why</i>" it should be made a special one. Lord Malmesbury +entirely agrees with your Majesty as to an allusion to Treaties.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 7: Yet the Emperor had just written to Queen Victoria on 20th January: "Le corps +législatif va bientôt s'ouvrir, presque en même temps que le parlement; je tâcherai +d'exprimer dans mon discours tout le désir que j'ai de vivre toujours en bonne et sincère +intelligence avec votre Majesté et son gouvernement." Early in February the pamphlet +<i>Napoléon et l'Italie</i>, nominally written by M. de la Guéronnière, but inspired by the +Emperor, foreshadowed the war in Italy, and attempted to justify it. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord Stanley.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD CANNING</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th January 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks that the time is come when the bestowal +of some honour or reward on Lord Canning ought no longer +to be delayed. He has now nearly arrived at the end of his +tremendous task of quelling the Rebellion, and has triumphed +over all his many difficulties. If any man deserves an acknowledgment +of his services at the hands of the Crown, it is +surely he, and the Queen would be sorry that the grace of it +should be taken away from her by questions being asked in +Parliament when it is assembled again, which will now be the +case very soon.</p> + +<p class="ind">A step in the Peerage and the G.C.B. appear to the Queen +an appropriate reward. Perhaps a pension should be awarded +to him? Lord Elphinstone also ought not to be left unrewarded, +and a step in the Peerage with the G.C.B. does not +appear too high an honour for him, for he also has greatly contributed +to the saving to the Indian Empire.<sup>8</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: Lord Canning was made an Earl and Lord Elphinstone (who had been Governor of +Bombay during the Mutiny) a Peer of the United Kingdom, and both received the G.C.B. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S FIRST GRANDCHILD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest, kindest Uncle</span>,—Accept my warmest thanks +for your most kind letter of the 28th. I know how pleased you +would be at the safety of our dear Vicky, and at the birth of our +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.314" id="pageiii.314"></a>[page 314]</span> +first grandson!<sup>9</sup> Everything goes on so beautifully, Vicky +recovering as fast and well as I did, and the dear little boy +improving so much and thriving in every way.... The joy +and interest taken <i>here</i> is as great almost as in Prussia, which +is <i>very</i> gratifying.</p> + +<p class="ind">I <i>think</i> that <i>the Speech</i> will do good, but it has not been +easy to frame it, as the feeling <i>against</i> the <i>Emperor here</i> is +<i>very +strong</i>. I think <i>yet</i> that if <i>Austria</i> is <i>strong</i> and +<i>well prepared,</i> +and <i>Germany strong</i> and <i>well inclined</i> towards <i>us</i> (as +<i>Prussia +certainly</i> is), France will <i>not</i> be so eager to attempt what I +<i>firmly</i> believe would <i>end</i> in the <i>Emperor's</i> downfall! Old +Malakhoff <i>himself</i> said to the Duchess of Wellington that if +the French had the <i>slightest defeat ce serait fini avec la Dynastie!</i> +A pretty speech for an Ambassador, but a <i>very true one!</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Pray say everything most kind to your dear children and +believe me ever, your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">We are just arrived here, and go back to Windsor to-morrow +<i>afternoon</i>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: Frederick William Victor Albert, now German Emperor, born on the 27th of January. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has this moment received Lord Malmesbury's +letter. As she has not yet written (only telegraphed) to +announce to the Emperor the birth of our grandson (we being +in the habit since we know the Emperor and Empress personally +to communicate to one another <i>reciprocally family events</i>), +the Queen has an opportunity or a pretext for writing to the +Emperor, and is therefore prepared to do so <i>to-morrow</i>. But +as the terms to be used are of the most <i>vital</i> importance, she +would wish Lord Malmesbury to consult forthwith with Lord +Derby, and to let her have "the matter" to be put into the +letter <i>before</i> the Queen <i>leaves town</i>, which we do at half-past +four this afternoon.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>3rd February 1859</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Thursday</i>,1 <span class="sc">p.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, and in obedience to your +Majesty's commands, received within this half hour through +Lord Malmesbury, submits the accompanying very hastily +drawn sketch of the language which, in his humble opinion, +your Majesty might hold in a private and confidential letter +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.315" id="pageiii.315"></a>[page 315]</span> +to the Emperor of the French. Lord Derby is not sure that +it is what your Majesty desired that he should submit; but +he trusts that your Majesty will be pleased to receive it as an +attempt to obey your Majesty's commands, and will excuse +its many imperfections on account of the extreme haste in +which it has unavoidably been written.</p> + +<p class="ind">"I cannot refrain from taking this opportunity of expressing +confidentially to your Imperial Majesty my deep anxiety for +the preservation of the peace of Europe, nor can I conceal from +myself how essentially that great object must depend upon +the course which your Imperial Majesty may be advised to +take. Your Majesty has now the opportunity, either by +listening to the dictates of humanity and justice, and by +demonstrating unmistakably your intention to adhere strictly +to the faithful observance of Treaties, of calming the apprehensions +of Europe, and restoring her confidence in your +Majesty's pacific policy; or, by permitting yourself to be +influenced by the ambitious or interested designs of others, +of involving Europe in a war, the extent and termination of +which can hardly be foreseen, and which, whatever glory it +may add to the arms of France, cannot but interfere materially +with her internal prosperity and financial credit. I am sure +that your Majesty will not doubt the sincerity of the friendship +which alone induces me to write thus unreservedly to your +Majesty, and if anything could add to the sorrow with which +I should view the renewal of war in Europe, it would be to see +your Majesty entering upon a course with which it would be +impossible for England to associate herself."<sup>10</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 10: The Queen accordingly wrote a letter, which is printed in the <i>Life of the Prince +Consort</i>, assuring the Emperor that rarely had any man had such an opportunity as was +now his for exercising a personal influence for the peace of Europe, and that, by faithful +observance of Treaty obligations, he might calm international anxieties. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>4th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,— ... Heaven knows what dance +our Emperor <i>Napoléon Troisième de nom</i> will lead us. In a +few days he will have to make his speech. I fear he is determined +on that Italian War. The discussions in Parliament +may influence him; I fear party spirit in lieu of a good and +right sense of what is the interest of Europe. It was praiseworthy +that you said in your Speech that <i>treaties</i> must be respected, +else indeed we return to the old <i>Faustrecht</i> we have +been striving to get rid of. It is curious that your speech has +made the funds fall again: I presume they hoped at Paris +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.316" id="pageiii.316"></a>[page 316]</span> +that you would have been able to say that you congratulated +Parliament on the prospect of peace being preserved. For +us poor people who find ourselves <i>aux premières loges</i>, these +uncertainties are most unsatisfactory. Your devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE INDIAN ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>. <i>5th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to a decision which will have to be taken when +the report of the Indian Army Commission shall have been +received, the Queen thinks it incumbent upon her not to leave +Lord Derby in ignorance of her firm determination not to +sanction, under any form, the creation of a British Army, +distinct from that known at present as the Army of the Crown.</p> + +<p class="ind">She would consider it dangerous to the maintenance of India, +to the dependence of the Indian Empire on the mother country, +and to her Throne in these realms.</p> + +<p class="ind">Such an Army would be freed from the proper control of +the constitutional monarchy. It would be removed from the +direct command of the Crown, and entirely independent of +Parliament. It would throw an unconstitutional amount of +power and patronage into the hands of the Indian Council and +Government; it would be raised and maintained in antagonism +to the Regular Army of the Crown; and professional jealousy, +and personal and private interests, would needs drive it into a +position of permanent hostility towards that Army.</p> + +<p class="ind">This hostility has been already strongly marked in the proceedings +of the Commission itself.</p> + +<p class="ind">Its detrimental effects would not be confined to India alone, +but would form a most dangerous obstacle to the maintenance +of the government of the Regular Army by the Queen. +Already, during the Crimean War, most of the blows levelled +at the Army and the prerogative of the Crown were directed +by Indian officers, of whom, in future, a vast number would be +at home, without employment or recognised position, in compact +organisation, and moved by a unity of feeling.</p> + +<p class="ind">There may be points of detail, admitting differences of +opinion as to the relative advantages of a purely local or general +Military Force for India; but these are mere trifles, which +sink into insignificance in the Queen's estimation, when she has +to consider the duty which she owes to her Crown and her +Country.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN AND LORD STANLEY</span> +<p class="ind">The Queen hopes Lord Derby will not consider that she +intends, by this letter, unduly to influence his free consideration +and decision as to the advice he may think it his duty to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.317" id="pageiii.317"></a>[page 317]</span> +offer, but merely to guard against his being taken by surprise, +and to prevent, if possible, an unseemly public difference +between herself and Lord Stanley. She is impelled to the +apprehension that such may arise from the manner in which, +since the first transfer of the Indian Government to the +Crown, every act of Lord Stanley has uniformly tended to +place the Queen in a position which would render her helpless +and powerless in resisting a scheme which certain persons, +imbued with the old Indian traditions, would appear to wish +to force upon the Crown.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen does not expect an answer to this letter from +Lord Derby, and asks him to treat it as strictly confidential.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sees that Lord Stanley means to make a statement +on Monday on the Indian Finances. She trusts that there +will be nothing said in that statement to prejudge the Army +Question.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Decipher from Lord Cowley.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>6th February 1859</i>.<br /> +(1 <span class="sc">a.m.</span> <i>Received</i> 4 <span class="sc">a.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">A great change for the better. The Queen's letter has +produced an excellent effect, as also the Debates in Parliament.<sup>11</sup> +The Emperor has expressed himself ready to subscribe to every +word of Lord Derby's speech.</p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 11: Parliament was opened by the Queen in person on the 3rd; the ensuing debates, +and especially the speeches of the Liberal leaders, showed that, however much the +English nation, as a whole, might sympathise with Italian aspirations for the expulsion +of the Austrians from Lombardy, they would regard unfavourably a war commenced +in defiance of Treaty obligations. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE INDIAN ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>6th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +his respectful acknowledgment of the explicitness with which +the letter he had the honour of receiving last night conveys to +him the intimation of your Majesty's views upon the important +subject of the Indian Army. He cannot, however, disguise +from your Majesty the deep pain which that communication +has occasioned him; first, that your Majesty should think +that Lord Stanley has so far mistaken his duty as systematically +to place your Majesty in a false position; and next because +unless Lord Derby misconceives the purport of your Majesty's +letter, he fears that it may leave him no alternative but that of +humbly entreating to be relieved from a responsibility which +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.318" id="pageiii.318"></a>[page 318]</span> +nothing should have induced him to undertake but a sense of +duty to your Majesty, and the conviction that he might rely +with confidence upon your Majesty's continued support. It +would ill become Lord Derby to attempt to argue a question +on which your Majesty has expressed so strong a determination; +he has studiously avoided taking any step which might +prejudge a question so important as the organisation of your +Majesty's Forces in India. He has awaited the report of the +Commission appointed to enquire into the subject, and though +aware of the wide difference of opinion which prevailed, has +desired impartially to weigh and examine the arguments +adduced on both sides, and he has in the meantime refused +to give his sanction to a proposition, earnestly pressed +upon the Government by Lord Canning, for immediately +raising additional regiments for Indian Service. But the +announcement of your Majesty's determination (if he rightly +understands it), under no circumstances to continue an +European Army in India, under terms of service different from +those of the Line, paid out of Indian Revenues, and officered by +men educated for that especial service, and looking to India +for their whole career, places Lord Derby in a position of +no little embarrassment; for notwithstanding the gracious +intimation that your Majesty does not desire unduly to influence +his judgment as to the advice which he may tender, it +amounts to a distinct warning that if tendered in a particular +direction it has no chance of being accepted by your Majesty. +Nor, with that knowledge on his part not shared by his colleagues, +can he freely discuss with them the course which they +may consider it their duty to pursue.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby humbly trusts, therefore, that your Majesty +will be graciously pleased, so far as the members of the Government +are concerned, to absolve him from the obligation of +secrecy, and to allow him to place before them a state of things +which may lead to the most serious results, so far as their +power of serving your Majesty is concerned.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby will give Lord Stanley a caution not to say +anything in his statement of Indian Finance which may prejudge +the question of a single or separate armies; but he hardly +thinks the caution necessary, as European troops, whether in +one Service or in two, will equally be chargeable to the revenues +of India, which will only be affected by the proportion which +the whole of the European may bear to the whole of the +native forces.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby hopes that he may be permitted to offer his +humble congratulations to your Majesty on the very favourable +reports received from Paris by telegraph, and upon the highly +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.319" id="pageiii.319"></a>[page 319]</span> +satisfactory effects produced by your Majesty's private letter +to the Emperor.</p> + +<p class="ind">The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty's most +dutiful Servant and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Derby</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIVISIBILITY OF ARMY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>7th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is very sorry to learn from Lord Derby's letter, +received last evening, that her communication to him on the +Indian Army question had caused him deep pain. She had +long hesitated whether she should write it, from a fear that its +purport and motive might possibly be misunderstood; but +feeling that there ought to exist nothing but the most unreserved +and entire confidence between herself and her Prime +Minister, she thought it incumbent upon her to let Lord Derby +see exactly what was passing in her mind.</p> + +<p class="ind">If, notwithstanding the Queen's expressed hope that Lord +Derby might not consider the communication as intended unduly +to influence his free consideration of the important subject, +he should feel that its possession, without being at liberty to +communicate it to his colleagues, does so in effect, she would +ask him to return it to her, and to consider it as not having +been written. If he should think, however, that a communication +of the Queen's views to the Cabinet is due to them, +she is quite prepared to make one. In that case it would +naturally have to be differently worded, would omit every +reference to Lord Stanley, and might go more into detail.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen cannot close this letter without correcting some +misapprehensions into which Lord Derby seems to have fallen. +It was not the Queen's intention to impute any motives of +systematic action to Lord Stanley; she referred simply to +facts and steps, known as well to Lord Derby as to herself, +which "uniformly tended" to place her in a powerless position +with regard to the Army question.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen protested against "the <i>creation</i> of a British +Army distinct (in its existence and constitutional position) +from that of the Crown," and not against the "<i>continuance</i> +of an European Army, under terms of service different from +the Line, paid out of Indian Revenues, and officered by men +educated for that special service, and looking to India for their +whole career." In fact, she does not understand what meaning +Lord Derby attaches to the words "terms of service." Every +force kept in India, however constituted, would be paid out of +Indian Revenues. <i>This</i> would therefore not form the distinction, +and Lord Derby cannot intend to convey that on +these revenues one set of Englishmen can have a greater claim +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.320" id="pageiii.320"></a>[page 320]</span> +than another; nor does she see why English officers, commanding +English soldiers and charged with the maintenance +of <i>their</i> discipline and efficiency, should for that object require +to be specially and differently educated, and be restricted to +look to India for their whole career. Officers attached to +native troops are in a different position.</p> + +<a name="illusiii.3" id="illusiii.3"></a> +<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"><a href="images/0330-1200.png"><img src="images/0330-325.png" width="325" height="470" alt="H.R.H. The Prince of Wales." border="0" /></a> +<p class="center"><span class="sc">H.R.H. The Prince of Wales.</span></p> +<p class="center"><i>From a drawing by F. Winterhalter, 1859</i></p> +<p class="author" style="margin-bottom: 5em;"><i>To face p.</i> 320, Vol. III.</p> +</div> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MISAPPREHENSION REMOVED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>7th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +his grateful acknowledgments for your Majesty's most gracious +note received this evening, the contents, and still more the +tenor of which have relieved him from the painful apprehension +that he might be called upon to choose between a +strong sense of public duty, and, on the other side, his deep +devotion to your Majesty's service, and his gratitude for the +favourable consideration which his imperfect attempts to +discharge his public duty had always received at your Majesty's +hand. The explanation, with which he has now been honoured, +of your Majesty's views has entirely dispelled those +apprehensions, and he feels that he has only to thank your +Majesty for the gracious explanation, with which he has +been honoured, of your Majesty's motives in addressing to +him the letter which certainly caused him "deep pain."...<sup>12</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 12: Lord Derby then proceeded to deal at some length with the status of the troops in +India, concluding with the opinion that the local forces in India should never exceed +those sent from home as part of the Regular Army, subject to the ordinary routine of +service. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>8th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Derby's letter of yesterday, +and is pleased to find that he now appreciates the motives +which dictated her first letter. It needs no assurance on +her side that she never doubted those which actuate Lord +Derby. The Queen will, in compliance with his request, +defer any further notice of the subject until the Commissioners +shall have made their report; it would not be fair, however, +to Lord Derby, not to add that she fears from his explanation +that he has not now correctly estimated the nature of the +Queen's objection, which is not to a variety of forces, terms +of service, local or general employment, etc., etc., etc., established +in one Army, but to the principle of <i>two</i> British +Armies.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.321" id="pageiii.321"></a>[page 321]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to General Peel.</i><sup>13</sup></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>13th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen relies with confidence that when the question +of the Indian Army comes before the Cabinet, General Peel +will stoutly defend the interests of the Crown and the British +Army. On the opinion which he will give and maintain +much of their decision must depend, and unless he speaks +out boldly the Indian Secretary will have it all his own way.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 13: General Jonathan Peel, brother of Sir Robert Peel (the Premier), and Secretary of +State for War. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S SPEECH</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>15th February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—We came here to <i>settle</i> yesterday—and +also here Spring seems <i>wonderfully forward!</i> It can't +last—and frost is <i>sure</i> to <i>follow</i> and cut off everything. At +Windsor and Frogmore everything is budding—willow I see +is green—rose-leaves <i>out</i>, and birds singing like in May!</p> + +<p class="ind">Accept my warmest thanks for your kind letter of the +11th. I <i>still</i> hope that matters <i>will cool</i> down—the Emperor +<i>personally</i> expressed regret to Hübner for his words, disclaiming +the construction put upon them, and saying that +<i>no one could dispute</i> the right of Austria to her Italian possessions.<sup>14</sup> +He has not written to me lately, but I wrote him +ten days ago a long friendly letter, speaking out <i>plainly</i> our +fears for the future, and urging him to aid us in averting +the calamity of <i>War</i>....</p> + +<p class="ind">Our Parliament is as quiet as possible as <i>yet</i>, but it will +soon have more cause for <i>action</i> and excitement....</p> + +<p class="ind">Bertie's interview with the Pope went off extremely well. +He was extremely kind and gracious, and Colonel Bruce +was present; it would never have done to have let Bertie +go alone, as they might hereafter have pretended, God knows! +what Bertie had said.... With Albert's love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 14: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.310" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 310</a>, note 2. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR OF AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>21st February 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, and in obedience to +the commands which he had the honour of receiving from +your Majesty last night, submits the following suggestions, +as embodying the substance of what, in his humble judgment +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.322" id="pageiii.322"></a>[page 322]</span> +your Majesty might address with advantage in a private +letter to the Emperor of Austria.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty might say, that deeply penetrated with the +conviction of the duty imposed upon your Majesty of acting +on the principles enunciated in the speech from the Throne, +of exercising whatever influence your Majesty could employ +for the preservation of the general peace, your Majesty had +looked with anxiety to the circumstances which threatened its +continued existence. That your Majesty was unable to see +in those circumstances, any which were beyond the reach +of diplomatic skill, if there were only a mutual desire, on +the part of the Chief Powers concerned, to give fair play +to its exercise. That the only source of substantial danger +was the present state of Italy; and that even in that +there would be little danger of interruption to the general +tranquillity, were it not for the antagonism excited by interests +and engagements, real or supposed, of France and +Austria.</p> + +<p class="ind">That your Majesty believed that the supposed divergence +of these interests and engagements might be capable of reconciliation +if entered into with mutual frankness, and with a +mutual disposition to avoid the calamities of war; but that, +as it appeared to your Majesty, neither party would be willing +to invite the other to a friendly discussion of the points of +difference between them.</p> + +<p class="ind">That in this state of affairs your Majesty, as a mutual friend +of both Sovereigns, and having no individual interests to +serve, entertained the hope that by the spontaneous offer +of good offices, your Majesty might be the means of establishing +certain bases, on which the Powers mainly interested +might subsequently enter into amicable negotiations with +regard to the questions chiefly in dispute, or threatening +serious results.</p> + +<p class="ind">Of these, the most pressing are those which relate to the +Italian Peninsula.</p> + +<p class="ind">That your Majesty, anxiously revolving in your mind +the question how your Majesty's influence could best be +brought to bear, had come to the conclusion that your +Majesty's Ambassador at Paris, having the fullest knowledge +of the views entertained by that Court, and possessing +your Majesty's entire confidence, might usefully be +intrusted with a highly confidential, but wholly unofficial +mission, for the purpose of ascertaining whether there were +any possibility consistently with the views of the two Courts +of offering such suggestions as might be mutually acceptable +as the basis of future arrangements; and, if such +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.323" id="pageiii.323"></a>[page 323]</span> +should happily be found to be the case, of offering them +simultaneously to the two parties, as the suggestions of a +mutual friend.</p> + +<p class="ind">That your Majesty trusted His R.I.A.<sup>15</sup> Majesty would +look upon this communication in the truly friendly light +in which it was intended, and that Lord Cowley, in his unofficial +and confidential character, might be permitted fully +to develop the views which your Majesty entertained, and +to meet with the most favourable consideration of his suggestions +from His R.I.A. Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, before submitting the above to your Majesty, +has thought it right to communicate it to Lord Malmesbury +and Lord Cowley, and he is enabled to say that it meets with +their entire concurrence.<sup>16</sup> He will be highly gratified if he +is permitted to know that it is honoured by your Majesty's +gracious approval. All which is humbly submitted by your +Majesty's most dutiful Servant and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Derby</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: Royal and Imperial Apostolic.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 16: The Queen acted on this advice, and wrote a letter on the 22nd to the Emperor of +Austria, on the lines of Lord Derby's suggestions. The material parts of it are printed +in the <i>Life of the Prince Consort</i>, vol. iv. chap. 92. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CHURCH RATES</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>21st February 1859</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent1">(<i>Monday.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer, with his humble duty +to your Majesty, informs your Majesty that the Government +measure on Church Rates was introduced to-night, in a very +full House, and was received with so much favour that the +Chancellor of the Exchequer has every belief that it will pass. +This is very unexpected, and the satisfactory settlement of +this long agitated and agitating question will be a great relief +to public life, and tend to restore and augment the good-humour +of the country.<sup>17</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It is generally rumoured that, on Friday next, Lord Palmerston +is to move a vote of censure upon your Majesty's Government +with respect to their Foreign Policy. The Chancellor +of the Exchequer scarcely credits this, and would rather +suppose that the formal censure will take the shape of a rattling +critique, preceding some Motion for papers.</p> + + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: Since the Braintree case in 1853, no rate could legally be levied except by the +majority of the rate-payers. The present Bill was designed to exempt Dissenters +from payment, excluding them at the same time from voting on the subject in the vestry +meeting. Sir John Trelawney, the leader of the Abolitionist party in the House, however, +procured the rejection of the proposed measure, and a solution was not arrived +at till 1868. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.324" id="pageiii.324"></a>[page 324]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD COWLEY'S MISSION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st March 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Dearest Uncle</span>,—Many thanks for your kind letter +of the 25th. Matters remain much in the same state. Lord +Cowley arrived on Sunday at Vienna, but we know nothing +positive yet. I much fear the obstinacy of Austria.</p> + +<p class="ind">It will indeed be a blessing if <i>we</i> could do something not +only to avert the war for the present, but to prevent the +<i>causes</i> of it, for the future. Nothing but improvement in the +Italian Governments <i>can</i> bring about a <i>better state</i> of things. +What is <i>really</i> the matter with the King of Naples<sup>18</sup>?</p> + +<p class="ind">We found the poor Queen really very tolerably well at +Claremont on Saturday. She is decidedly better than when +we saw her at the end of November. Poor Joinville is suffering +from an accident to his bad knee.</p> + +<p class="ind">Here our Reform Bill has been brought in yesterday.<sup>19</sup> +It is moderate, and ... [Lord John] has therefore allied +himself with Mr Bright and Mr Roebuck against it! He +has <i>no</i> other followers. The Debate on Foreign Affairs on +Friday was extremely moderate, and can only have done +good.<sup>20</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">It is rumoured that you are going to Berlin to the Christening, +but I doubt it! Oh! dearest Uncle, it <i>almost breaks</i> +my heart <i>not</i> to witness our <i>first grandchild</i> christened! I +don't think I <i>ever</i> felt so bitterly disappointed <i>about anything</i> +as about this! And then it is an <i>occasion</i> so gratifying to +both <i>Nations</i>, which brings them <i>so much</i> together, that it +is <i>most</i> peculiarly mortifying! It is a <i>stupid law</i> in Prussia, +I must say, to be so particular about having the child christened +so soon. However, it is now no use lamenting; please +God! we shall be more fortunate another time! With +Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">Affectionate love to your children. When does Philip go +to Italy?</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: Ferdinand II., known as Bomba, died on the 22nd of May in the same year.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 19: See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.307" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 307</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 20: In this debate Lord Palmerston urged the Ministry to mediate between Austria +and France, in order to obtain their simultaneous withdrawal from Rome, and Mr Disraeli +announced the confidential mission of Lord Cowley as "one of peace and conciliation." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of Austria to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S REPLY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Vienne</span>, <i>le 8 Mars 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et Chère Sœur</span>,—J'ai reçu des mains de Lord +Cowley la lettre que votre Majesté a bien voulu lui confier +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.325" id="pageiii.325"></a>[page 325]</span> +et dont le contenu m'a offert un nouvel et précieux témoignage +de l'amitié et de la confiance qu'elle m'a vouées, ainsi que +des vues élevées qui dirigent sa politique. Lord Cowley a +été auprès de moi le digne interprète des <ins title="Transcriber's Note: Sic (instead of 'sentiments')">sentimens</ins> de votre +Majesté, et je me plais à lui rendre la justice, qu'il s'est acquitté +avec le zèle éclairé, dont il a déjà fourni tant de preuves, de +la mission confidentielle dont il était chargé.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'ai hautement apprécié les motifs qui vous ont inspiré +la pensée de m'envoyer un organe de confiance pour échanger +nos idées sur les dangers de la situation. Je m'associe à tous +les désirs, que forme votre Majesté pour le maintien de la +paix, et ce n'est pas sur moi que pèsera la responsabilité de +ceux, qui évoquent des dangers de guerre sans pouvoir articuler +une seule cause de guerre.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Cowley connaît les points de vue auxquels j'envisage +les questions qui forment l'objet ou le prétexte des divergences +d'opinion qui subsistent entre nous et la France; il sait aussi +que nous sommes disposés à contribuer à leur solution dans +l'esprit le plus conciliant, en tant qu'on n'exige pas de nous +des sacrifices que ne saurait porter aucune Puissance qui se +respecte. Je forme des vœux pour que votre Majesté puisse +tirer parti des élémens que Lui apportera son Ambassadeur, +dans l'intérêt du maintien de la paix que nous avons également +à cœur.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mais quelles que soient les chances et les épreuves que +l'avenir nous réserve, j'aime à me livrer à l'espoir que rien +ne portera atteinte aux rapports d'amitié et d'union que je +suis heureux de cultiver avec votre Majesté, et que Ses sympathies +seront acquises à la cause que je soutiens et qui est +celle de tous les États <ins title="Transcriber's Note: Sic (instead of 'indépendants')">indépendans</ins>.</p> + +<p class="ind">C'est dans ces <ins title="Transcriber's Note: Sic (instead of 'sentiments')">sentimens</ins> que je renouvelle à votre Majesté +l'assurance de l'amitié sincère et de l'inaltérable attachement +avec lesquels je suis, Madame et chère Sœur, de votre Majesté, +le bon et dévoué frère et ami,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">François Joseph</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A PROPOSED CONFERENCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>20th March 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Malmesbury's letter<sup>21</sup> written +before the Cabinet yesterday. The Memorandum of Lord +Cowley and the telegrams from Vienna give better hopes of +the idea of Congress or Conference leading to a good result. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.326" id="pageiii.326"></a>[page 326]</span> +Everything will now depend upon the Emperor Napoleon's +acceptance of the conditions on which Austria is willing to +agree to a Conference. The Queen would like to have a +copy of Lord Cowley's memorandum.<sup>22</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 21: Lord Cowley had returned from his mission to Vienna, and was now again at Paris. +The complexion of affairs had been changed by a suggestion on the part of Russia (which +may or may not have been ultimately prompted from Paris) for a Conference between +England, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia, to settle the Italian Question. Cavour +pressed for the admission of Piedmont to the Conference.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 22: Lord Malmesbury's letter to Lord Cowley, written immediately after the Cabinet, +enjoined him to impress upon the Emperor that England would only address herself to +the four points—evacuation of the Roman States by foreign troops, reform, security for +Sardinia, and a substitute for the treaties of 1847 between Austria and the Duchies. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd March 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Malmesbury for his communication +of yesterday, which she received this morning. She +quite approves the steps taken by the Government,<sup>23</sup> and +concurs in Lord Malmesbury's views. If the understanding +about a Conference first of the five Powers, and then of the +Italian States with them, <i>could be</i> so far come to that France +and Austria agree with us upon the conditions on which it is +to take place, we need not wait for Russia's proposing it. +She is evidently playing, as she always does, a double game, +and from Sir John Crampton's<sup>24</sup> letter it appears that she +never meant to propose a Congress, but merely to <i>accept</i> one, +for ulterior objects.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 23: An attempt to obtain the disarmament of Austria and Sardinia, and a proposal to +obtain the co-operation of France, in guaranteeing to defend Sardinia against invasion by +Austria for five years, unless Sardinia left her own territory. On the 23rd, Lord Malmesbury +wrote that all the great Powers, except Austria, had agreed to a Congress upon the +conditions laid down by the British Government.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 24: English Ambassador at St Petersburg, formerly Minister at Washington; see <i>ante</i>, +<a href="#pageiii.219" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 219</a>. He had succeeded to the baronetcy in 1858. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>27th March 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen trusts that Lord Malmesbury will act with +the utmost circumspection in answering the many telegrams +crossing each other from all directions respecting the proposed +Congress. An understanding with Austria on every +point ought, if possible, to precede our giving our opinion +to France or Russia. If they can <i>once</i> get the Powers to +agree upon a point upon which Austria disagrees, they have +won the game, and the Emperor can proceed to his war, +having a declaration of Europe against Austria as his basis.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>12th April 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has marked a passage in this draft, which she +thinks it would be advisable to modify—so as not to <i>put</i> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.327" id="pageiii.327"></a>[page 327]</span> +upon <i>record</i> (should the Austrians refuse to give way on this +point) that we consider their conduct as "<i>reckless</i>." Should +they persist, they would certainly not meet with as much +sympathy as they would do if they yielded, and such a course +on their part would be very much to be regretted, as we +consider every sacrifice small, in comparison to the blessings +of preserving peace; but still Austria would have a perfect +right to stand out—and we originally supported her in this +demand.</p> + +<p class="ind">If something which <i>expressed</i> the <i>above</i> sentiments and +opinions could therefore be substituted for the present passage, +the Queen thinks it would be very desirable <i>for the +future</i>, both as regards Austria and England.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ENGLAND AND AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>21st April 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +that it has appeared to him, in consultation with his colleagues, +with the exception of Lord Hardwicke and Sir John Pakington, +who are out of Town, that the only step which can properly +be taken at present is to protest strongly against the course +which Austria is now taking, and to warn her that whatever +may be the results to herself, she deprives herself of all claim +to the support or countenance of England.<sup>25</sup> Your Majesty +will see by another telegram, received a few minutes ago +from Lord Cowley, that Hübner!! advises that England +should threaten to come to the aid of Sardinia, if the contemplated +invasion should take place! Your Majesty's +servants are not, however, prepared to take so strong a step, +which would commit them to measures to which they might +be unable at the moment to give due effect; and which, if +Austria were to disregard the measure, would involve them in +War as the Allies of France. They have therefore limited +themselves to a protest, the terms of which will require to be +very carefully considered before it is embodied in a despatch. +Lord Malmesbury will submit to your Majesty by this messenger +the terms of his telegram.... To appeal at once to +arms, when no question, except this of form, remained unsettled +as to the meeting of Congress, and the subjects to be +then discussed, had been unanimously agreed to, appears to +Lord Derby to indicate a reckless determination to go to war +which it will be very difficult to justify in the eyes of Europe.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.328" id="pageiii.328"></a>[page 328]</span> + +<p class="ind"><i>For the moment</i> these events rather diminish than increase +the probability of a rupture with France, while they will task +her means to the uttermost, and not improbably overthrow +her personal dynasty!</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: On the 19th, Count Buol despatched an emissary, Baron Kellersberg, to Turin, with +a summons to Sardinia to disarm, under the threat of immediate hostilities if she declined. +Sardinia indignantly refused, whereupon the Austrian troops crossed the Ticino. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WAR IMMINENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th April 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Dearest Uncle</span>,—I hardly know <i>what</i> to say, so confused +and bewildered are we by the reports which come in +three or four times a day! I have <i>no hope</i> of peace <i>left</i>. +Though it is <i>originally</i> the wicked folly of Russia and France +that have brought about this fearful crisis, it is the madness +and blindness of Austria which have brought on the war +<i>now!</i><sup>26</sup> It has put <i>them</i> in the wrong, and entirely changed +the feeling here, which was all that one could desire, into the +most <i>vehement</i> sympathy for <i>Sardinia</i>, though we hope now +again to be able to <i>throw</i> the blame of the war on France, who +<i>now</i> won't hear of mediation, while Austria is again inclined +to do so!</p> + +<p class="ind">It is a melancholy, sad Easter; but what grieves me the +most (indeed, distracts me)—for I have had nothing but +disappointments in that quarter since November—is that +in all probability Vicky will be unable to come in May! It +quite <i>distracts me</i>. You also must be very anxious about +dear Charlotte; I hope she will not remain at Trieste, but +go to Vienna. Her being in Italy is really <i>not</i> safe.... +Now with kind loves to your children, ever your affectionate +and devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 26: Referring to an understanding reported to have been arrived at between France and +Russia, the suspicion of which created great indignation in England. Prince Gortschakoff +and the French Emperor, in answer to enquiries, gave conflicting explanations. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Roehampton</span>, <i>27th April 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"> ... Lord Derby has thought it necessary, in consequence +of the attitude assumed by Russia, notwithstanding her +assurances that there is nothing hostile to England in her +secret treaty with France, to call upon Sir J. Pakington to +say what addition could be made to the Channel Fleet within +a period of two or three months, without weakening that in +the Mediterranean. He has the honour of enclosing the +answer, which he has just received by messenger. Lord Derby +proposes to go up to Town to confer with Sir J. Pakington +on this important subject to-morrow, and Lord Malmesbury +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.329" id="pageiii.329"></a>[page 329]</span> +has summoned a Cabinet for Friday to consider the general +state of affairs.</p> + +<p class="ind">France having absolutely refused the proffered mediation +of England, and Austria having only accepted it under the +condition of the disarmament of Sardinia, every effort to +preserve the peace has been exhausted; and it only remains +for this country to watch the course of events, to protect her +own interests, and to look out for any opportunity which may +offer to mediate between the contending parties. This policy, +announced by Lord Derby in the City on Monday,<sup>27</sup> was received +with unanimous approval. It will require a great +deal to induce the country to be drawn into a war under any +circumstances, and Lord Derby's anxious efforts will not be +wanting to avoid it as long as possible.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 27: He had there described Austria's action as hasty, precipitate, and (because involving +warfare) criminal, but the Government would still (he added) strive to avert war, by +urging Austria, under the Treaty of Paris, to invoke the mediation of the Powers. The +Derby Government, however, were supposed to be giving encouragement to Austria. +See Lord Derby's letter of the 2nd of June, <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.336" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 336</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY'S POLICY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>29th April 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read the last telegrams with much pain, +as they show that there is no chance left of stopping war. +Indeed she thinks, considering the progress of revolution in +the Duchies, and the daily increase of military strength of +France and financial exhaustion of Austria, that it would +not be morally defensible to try to restrain Austria from +defending herself while she still can.</p> + +<p class="ind">Count Buol's proposal to continue negotiations during the +fight sounds strange, but ought not to be altogether put +aside. The King of Sardinia's assumption of the Government +of Tuscany<sup>28</sup> and military occupation of Massa-Carrara +form gross infractions of the Treaties of 1815 and international +law, and can hardly be left without a protest from us.</p> + +<p class="ind">Has Lord Derby heard that a Russian Fleet is expected +soon to appear in the Black Sea? The Queen has just heard +it from Berlin, where it is supposed to be certain, and it +would explain Lord Cowley's report of (the Queen believes) +Prince Napoleon's<sup>29</sup> account of the Russian engagements, +which are admitted to contemplate a junction of the French +and Russian Fleets to defend the Treaty closing the Dardanelles.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 28: See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.308" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 308</a>. +The Duchy of Modena and the Grand Duchy +of Tuscany were in revolution, and the Duchy of Parma soon followed their example.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 29: See <i>post</i>, <a href="#pageiii.331" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 331</a>, note 30. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.330" id="pageiii.330"></a>[page 330]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND RUSSIA</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Roehampton</span>, <i>1st May 1859</i>.<br /> +(<i>Sunday night</i>, 12 P.M.)</p> + + +<p class="ind"> ... Lord Derby entirely concurs in your Majesty's opinion +that no credit is to be attached to the denials of the French +or Russian Governments in regard to the engagements subsisting +between them.<sup>30</sup> It is very easy to convey denials +in terms which are literally true, but practically and in spirit +false; and Lord Derby has no doubt but that France is well +assured that in any case she may rely upon the tacit assistance, +if not the active co-operation, of Russia; and that +both Powers are using their utmost endeavours to excite +troubles in the East, as well as in Italy, as the result of which +France may gratify her cherished designs of ambition in the +latter, while Russia carries on her projects of aggrandisement +in the former. This is a lamentable state of affairs; but it +is Lord Derby's duty to assure your Majesty that no Government +which could be formed in this country could hope to +carry public opinion with it in taking an active part, as matters +now stand, in opposition to France and Russia, if in truth +they are acting in concert, as Lord Derby believes that they +are. All that can be done is to maintain the principle of strict +neutrality in regard to the affairs of Italy, and probably of +Montenegro also, though there is not sufficient evidence of +facts in that case to justify a positive conclusion. But in +the meantime everything shows more conclusively the absolute +necessity for the increase of your Majesty's Naval +Force,<sup>31</sup> which was determined at the Council yesterday, and +respecting which it will be necessary, on the very first day +of the meeting of the new Parliament, to call for an explicit +expression of opinion.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty enquires as to a supposed pledge given by +the Emperor of the French as to a denial of any Treaty with +Sardinia. So far as Lord Derby can recollect at this moment, +there never was more than an assurance that so long as Austria +remained within her own limits, he would not interfere; and +that he would not support Sardinia, unless she were herself +invaded in any <i>unjustifiable</i> attack on Austria; and there +was also a denial in the <i>Moniteur</i>, to which your Majesty +probably refers, of there having been any engagement entered +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.331" id="pageiii.331"></a>[page 331]</span> +into <i>as a condition of the marriage</i>.<sup>32</sup> These are just the denials +to which Lord Derby has already adverted, which appear +at first sight satisfactory, but which may be afterwards explained +away, so as to escape the charge of absolute falsehood.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby trusts that your Majesty will have understood, +and excused, his absence from the Council on Saturday, in +consequence of the misunderstanding as to the time appointed.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 30: Lord Cowley, in a letter of the 29th of April to Lord Malmesbury, described an +interview with the Emperor of the French, when the latter denied in terms the existence +of a signed Treaty between France and Russia. But, as Lord Cowley added, there might +be moral engagements which might easily lead to a more specific alliance.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 31: The Emperor had interrogated Lord Cowley as to this.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 32: In July 1858, the joint action of France and Sardinia had been concerted at the +confidential interview at Plombières, between the Emperor and Cavour, the former +undertaking to assist Sardinia, under certain contingencies, against Austria. On the +same occasion the marriage was suggested of the Princess Clothilde of Sardinia to the +Prince Napoleon Joseph Paul, son of Prince Jerome Napoleon Bonaparte. An interesting +account of the events of this time, and of the character and aims of Cavour, will be found +in De la Gorce's <i>Histoire du Second Empire</i>; see especially vol. ii. book 14. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE POSITION OF FRANCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>3rd May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has carefully read the enclosed draft. She +thinks that, without saying anything offensive to France,<sup>33</sup> +this important document would not place matters before that +Power in the world in accordance with the facts, and would +lead to erroneous inferences if it left out altogether, as it does, +any reference to the responsibility which France has had in +bringing about the present state of affairs.... Austria and +Sardinia are spoken of as the offenders, and blamed, not +without sufficient ground, for the parts which they have +respectively acted, and France is treated as if standing on a +line with us in fostering civilisation, liberty, and peace. The +inference would be that <i>we</i> forsake her in her noble course, +and deserve again the name of "<i>perfide Albion</i>."</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would ask Lord Malmesbury to consider this. +For the sake of showing how she thinks the omissions dangerous +to our position might be supplied, she has added some +pencil remarks.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 33: <i>I.e.</i>, if the despatch were to abstain from reprobating the French policy. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE GENERAL ELECTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>3rd May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—Many thanks for you dear, kind letter +of the 30th. God knows we <i>are</i> in a sad mess. The rashness +of the Austrians is indeed a <i>great</i> misfortune, for it has placed +them in the wrong. Still there is <i>one</i> universal feeling of +<i>anger</i> at the conduct of France, and of <i>great suspicion</i>. The +Treaty with Russia is <i>denied</i>, but I am perfectly certain that +there <i>are engagements</i>....</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.332" id="pageiii.332"></a>[page 332]</span> + +<p class="ind">Here the Elections are not as satisfactory as could be +wished, but the Government still think they will have a clear +gain of 25 to 30 seats, which will make a difference of 50 or 60 +votes on a Division. It gives unfortunately no majority; +still, it must be remembered that the Opposition are very +much divided, and not at all a compact body, which the +supporters of the Government are.<sup>34</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John has been holding moderate and prudent language +on Foreign Affairs, whereas Lord Palmerston has made bad +and mischievous speeches, but <i>not</i> at all in accordance with +the feelings of the country. The country wishes for strict +neutrality, but strong defences, and we are making our Navy +as strong as we can.</p> + +<p class="ind">You ask me if Louis Oporto<sup>35</sup> is grown? He is, and his +figure much improved. He is a good, kind, amiable boy +whom one must like. He has sailed this morning with the +Bridegroom, and on the 16th or 17th we may expect them +back with the dear young Bride.</p> + +<p class="ind">I venture to send you a letter I received some days ago +from dear Vicky, and the religious tone of which I think will +please you. May I beg you to return it me, as her letters +are very valuable to me?...</p> + +<p class="ind">We are well fagged and worked and worried; we return +to Town to-morrow afternoon.</p> + +<p class="ind">With kindest love to your children, ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: After their defeat on the 1st of April on the proposed Reform Bill, the Ministry had +dissolved Parliament, and had gained in the elections twenty-five seats—not enough to +counterbalance the Palmerstonian triumph of 1857. If, therefore, the various sections +of the Liberal Party could unite, the displacement of the Derby Government was inevitable. +Such a combination was, in fact, arranged at a meeting at Willis's Rooms +organised by Lord Palmerston, Lord John Russell, Mr Bright and Mr Sidney Herbert.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 35: Brother and successor of King Pedro V. of Portugal, and father of King Carlos. +The King had married in May 1858 the Duchess Stéphanie (born 1837), daughter of +Prince Antoine of Hohenzollern. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>9th May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Dearest Uncle</span>,—I write to-day instead of to-morrow +to profit by the return of your messenger. Many, many +thanks for your dear letter of the 6th. What <i>are</i> the Austrians +about? They would <i>not</i> wait when they ought to have +done so, and <i>now</i> that they should have long ago made a rush +and an attack with their overwhelming force, they do <i>nothing!</i> +nothing since the 30th! leaving the French to become stronger +and more <i>fit</i> for the struggle every day!! It is indeed distracting, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.333" id="pageiii.333"></a>[page 333]</span> +and most difficult to understand them or do anything +for them. The Emperor leaves Paris for Genoa to-morrow. +It is <i>not</i> true that the Empress was so warlike; Lord Cowley +says, on the contrary, she is very unhappy about it, and that +the Emperor himself is low and altered. Old Vaillant goes +with him as General-Major.... Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Malmesbury to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">POLICY OF THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>15th May 1859.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Earl of Malmesbury presents his humble duty to the +Queen, and has the honour to inform your Majesty that Count +de Persigny<sup>36</sup> called on him yesterday. He passed an hour +in attempting to prove what it seems he really believes himself—that +the Emperor had no plan or even intention to +make war in Italy; that His Imperial Majesty was drawn into +it step by step by M. de Cavour, who finally menaced to publish +his most confidential correspondence, etc.; that his army +was totally unprepared, and is now in a very imperfect state, +and that he himself was overcome with surprise and fear +when he learnt in the middle of last month that the Austrians +had 120,000 men on the Ticino.<sup>37</sup> The Emperor, however, +now believes that he will easily gain a <i>couple</i> of victories, and +that when he has <i>rejeté les Autrichiens dans leur tanière</i> (by +which he means their great fortresses), he will return to govern +at Paris, and leave a Marshal to carry on the sieges and the +war. M. de Persigny's letters of appointment are not yet +signed, and must go to Italy to be so. He stated that a week +ago he was named Minister of Foreign Affairs, and that Fould,<sup>38</sup> +Walewski, and others were to be dismissed, but that two days +before the Emperor's departure Madame Walewska<sup>39</sup> and the +Empress had on their knees obtained a reprieve, and that +M. de Persigny was ordered to come here <i>sans raisonner</i>...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 36: Who had been re-appointed to London, where Marshal Pélissier, Duc de Malakhoff, +had replaced him in 1858. See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.276" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 276</a>. Both Malakhoff and Walewski were out of +sympathy with the Emperor's present policy.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 37: Sir James Hudson, in a letter written at Turin on the 28th of February, and shown +to Queen Victoria, described an interview with Cavour, who, in answer to the direct +question, "Do you mean to attack Austria?" replied that the Italian question was becoming +so complex that it was impossible to say what might happen. Sir J. Hudson +added that he had learned confidentially that the understanding on the same subject between +Cavour and the Emperor Napoleon was complete, and that it had been expressed +thus: "Non seulement nous prendrons la première occasion de faire la guerre à l'Autriche, +mais nous chercherons un prétexte."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 38: Achille Fould, a Jewish banker, was a colleague of Walewski, though not a loyal one, +in the French Government.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 39: Madame Walewska was a Florentine by birth, descended on her mother's side from +the princely family of Poniatowski. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.334" id="pageiii.334"></a>[page 334]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ATTITUDE OF RUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>20th May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen was much surprised to receive the enclosed +telegram. An alliance with Russia to <i>localise</i> and <i>arrest</i> the +war by joint interference, which is here proposed to Russia, +is a policy to which the Queen has not given her sanction, +and which would require very mature deliberation before it +could ever be entertained. The Queen is much afraid of these +telegraphic short messages on principles of policy, and would +beg Lord Malmesbury to be most cautious as they may lead +us into difficulties without the possibility of previous consideration. +How can we propose to join Russia, whom +we know to be pledged to France? The Queen hopes Lord +Malmesbury will stop the communication of this message, to +Prince Gortschakoff.<sup>40</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 40: A telegram had been received from St Petersburg, saying that Prince Gortschakoff +entirely coincided with Lord Malmesbury's views as to localising the war; and Lord +Malmesbury had proposed to send a telegraphic reply containing the words: "We are +anxious to unite with Russia, not only in localising the war, but in arresting it." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">In answer to Lord Derby's letter of yesterday referring to +the importance of concerting with Russia the best modes of +preventing the extension of the war, the Queen wishes merely +to observe: That Russia has acknowledged her desire to see +the Austrians defeated, and her indifference to the maintenance +of the Treaties of 1815; France wages war to drive the +Austrians out of Italy, wresting from them the Italian provinces +secured to them by those treaties; and that the Queen +has declared from the Throne her adhesion to these treaties +to which Parliament unanimously responded. France and +Russia may therefore have an interest, and indeed <i>must</i> have +one, in not being disturbed in any way in the prosecution of +their Italian scheme. England can have no such interest. +If France prove successful, the territorial arrangements of +Europe, in which England has found safety, and which she +helped to establish in order to obtain safety against France +after a war of twenty years' duration, will be subverted, and +she herself may some day (perhaps <i>soon</i>) have her own safety +imperilled. The Saxon provinces of Prussia will be in much +greater danger when France shall have destroyed Austria in +Italy and ruined her at home, than while the latter remains a +powerful member of the German Confederation. What the +Queen is naturally anxious to guard against is our being +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.335" id="pageiii.335"></a>[page 335]</span> +drawn by degrees into playing the game of those who have +produced the present disturbance, and whose ulterior views +are very naturally and very wisely by them concealed from us. +The Queen is glad to hear that the telegram in question was +not sent, having been alarmed by its being marked as having +been despatched "at noon" on the 20th. The Queen wishes +Lord Derby to show this letter to Lord Malmesbury.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ILLNESS OF DUCHESS OF KENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>25th May 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—Thousand thanks for your dear kind +letter and good wishes for my old birthday, and for your other +dear letter of the 21st. Albert, who writes to you, will tell +you how dreadfully our <i>great, great</i> happiness to have dearest +Vicky, flourishing and so well and gay with us, was on Monday +and a good deal too yesterday, clouded over and spoilt by the +<i>dreadful</i> anxiety we were in about dearest Mamma. Thank +God! to-day I feel another being—for we know she is "in a +satisfactory state," and improving in every respect, but I +am thoroughly shaken and upset by this <i>awful</i> shock; for it +came on <i>so suddenly</i>—that it came like a thunderbolt upon us, +and I think I <i>never</i> suffered as I did those four dreadful hours +till we heard she was better! I hardly myself <i>knew how</i> I +loved her, or how <i>my whole</i> existence seems bound up with +her—till I saw looming in the distance the fearful possibility +of <i>what</i> I will <i>not</i> mention. She was actually packing up to +start for here! <i>How</i> I missed her yesterday I cannot say, or +how gloomy my poor birthday on first getting up appeared I +<i>cannot</i> say. However, that is passed—and please God we +shall see her, with care, restored to her usual health ere long. +I trust, dearest Uncle, you are quite well now—and that +affairs will not prevent you from coming to see us next month?</p> + +<p class="ind">Dear Vicky is now a most dear, charming companion—and +so <i>embellie!</i></p> + +<p class="ind">I must end, having so much to write. Ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">I shall write again to-morrow or next day how dear +Mamma is.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S SPEECH</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>1st June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen takes objection to the wording of the two paragraphs<sup>41</sup> +about the war and our armaments. As it stands, it +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.336" id="pageiii.336"></a>[page 336]</span> +conveys the impression of a determination on the Queen's +part of maintaining a neutrality—<i>à tout prix</i>—whatever +circumstances may arise, which would do harm abroad, and +be inconvenient at home.<sup>42</sup> What the Queen may express is +her wish to remain neutral, and her hope that circumstances +will allow her to do so. The paragraph about the Navy<sup>43</sup> as +it stands makes our position still more humble, as it contains +a public apology for arming, and yet betrays fear of our being +attacked by France.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen suggests two amended forms for these passages, +in which she has taken pains to preserve Lord Derby's words +as far as is possible, with an avoidance of the objections before +stated.</p> + +<p class="ind">"Those endeavours have unhappily failed, and war has been +declared between France and Sardinia on one side, and Austria +on the other. I continue to receive at the same time assurances +of friendship from both contending parties. It being +my anxious desire to preserve to my people the blessing of +uninterrupted peace, I trust in God's assistance to enable me +to maintain a strict and impartial neutrality."</p> + +<p class="ind">"Considering, however, the present state of Europe, and +the complications which a war, carried on by some of its great +Powers, may produce, I have deemed it necessary, for the +security of my dominions and the honour of my Crown, to +increase my Naval Forces to an amount exceeding that which +has been sanctioned by Parliament."</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 41: In the Speech to be delivered by the Queen at the opening of Parliament on the +7th of June.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 42: The passage originally ran: "Receiving assurances of friendship from both the +contending parties, I intend to maintain a strict and impartial neutrality, and I hope, +with God's assistance, to preserve to my people the blessing of continued peace."</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 43: The passage originally ran: "I have, however, deemed it necessary, in the present +state of Europe, with no object of aggression, but for the security of my dominions, and +for the honour of my Crown, to increase my Naval Forces to an amount exceeding that +which has been sanctioned by Parliament." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUESTION OF NEUTRALITY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>2nd June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +that he has most anxiously, and with every desire to meet +your Majesty's wishes, reflected upon the effect of the alterations +suggested by your Majesty in the proposed Speech from +the Throne. He has considered the consequences involved +so serious that he has thought it right to confer upon the +subject with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, as Leader of +the House of Commons; and it is a duty which he owes to +your Majesty not to withhold the expression of their clear +and unhesitating conviction. Lord Derby trusts that your +Majesty will forgive the frankness with which, in the accompanying +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.337" id="pageiii.337"></a>[page 337]</span> +observations, he feels it necessary to submit to your +Majesty the grounds for the view which they are compelled +to take.</p> + +<p class="ind">The first paragraph to which your Majesty takes exception +is that which intimates your Majesty's "intention" to maintain +a strict and impartial neutrality, and "hope" to be +enabled to preserve peace. Your Majesty apprehends that +this may be interpreted into a determination to preserve +neutrality <i>à tout prix</i>; but Lord Derby would venture to +observe that such an inference is negatived by the subsequent +words, which only imply a "hope" of preserving peace. +With the cessation of that hope, neutrality would necessarily +terminate. But as matters stand at present, Lord Derby +is warranted in assuring your Majesty that if there is one subject +on which more than another the mind of the country is +unanimous, it is that of an entire abstinence from participation +in the struggle now going on in Italy. He collects this from +the language of politicians of almost every class, from all the +public papers, from Addresses and Memorials which he receives +every day—some urging, and some congratulating him upon +the adoption of a perfectly neutral policy. The sympathies +of the country are neither with France nor with Austria, but +were it not for the intervention of France, they would be +general in favour of Italy. The charge now made against +your Majesty's servants, by the opposition Press, as the +<i>Morning Post</i> and <i>Daily News</i>, is that their neutrality covers +such wishes and designs in favour of Austria; and any word +in your Majesty's Speech which should imply a doubt of +the continuance of strict impartiality, would, undoubtedly, +provoke a hostile Amendment, which might very possibly +be carried in the Sardinian sense, and which, if so carried, +would place your Majesty in the painful position of having +to select an Administration, pledged against the interests of +Austria and of Germany. Lord Derby says nothing of the +personal results to your Majesty's present servants, because, +in such cases, personal considerations ought not to be allowed +to prevail; and it is in the interest of the country only, and +even of the very cause which your Majesty desires to uphold, +that he earnestly trusts that your Majesty will not require +any alteration in this part of the Speech. There is, at this +moment, in the country, a great jealousy and suspicion of +France, and of her ulterior designs—as indicated by the +demand of means of defence, the formation of Volunteer Corps, +etc.—but it is neutralised, partly by sympathy for Italy, +partly by suspicions, industriously circulated, of the pro-Austrian +tendencies of the present Government. It is very +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.338" id="pageiii.338"></a>[page 338]</span> +important that the language of the Speech should be so decided +as to negative this impression, and Lord Derby cannot but +feel that if neutrality be spoken of not as a thing decided +upon, but which, it is hoped, may be maintained, such language +will be taken to intimate the expectation of the Government +that it may, at no distant time, be departed from. In +Lord Derby's humble opinion Peace should be spoken of as +subject to doubt, because, out of the present struggle, complications +may arise which may necessarily involve us in war; +but neutrality, as between the present belligerents, should be +a matter open to no doubt or question. If there be no attempt +made to run counter to public opinion, and Austria should +sustain serious reverses, the jealousy of France will increase, +and the feeling of the country will support your Majesty in a +war, should such arise, against her aggression; but if the +slightest pretext be afforded for doubting the <i>bonâ fide</i> +character of British neutrality, or the firm determination to +maintain it, an anti-German feeling will be excited, which will +be fatal to the Administration, and seriously embarrassing +to your Majesty.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE NAVY</span> +<p class="ind">The same observations apply, with hardly less force, to part +of the Amendment suggested by your Majesty to the paragraph +regarding the Navy. With submission to your Majesty, +Lord Derby can hardly look upon it as humiliating to a great +country, in announcing a large increase of its Naval Force, +to disclaim any object of aggression. These words, however, +might, if your Majesty were so pleased, be omitted, though +Lord Derby cannot go so far as to say that in his humble +judgment the omission would be an improvement; but he +trusts that your Majesty will be satisfied with a general +reference to the "state of Europe" without speaking of the +"complications which a war carried on by some of the Great<span class="rightnote">LORD DERBY'S CRITICISMS</span> +Powers may produce." These words would infallibly lead +to a demand for explanation, and for a statement of the +nature of the "complications" which the Government foresaw +as likely to lead to war. In humbly tendering to your Majesty +his most earnest advice that your Majesty will not insist on +the proposed Amendments in his Draft Speech, he believes +that he may assure your Majesty that he is expressing the +unanimous opinion of his Colleagues. Of their sentiments +your Majesty may judge by the fact that in the original draft +he had spoken of your Majesty's "intention" to preserve +peace "as long as it might be possible"; but by universal +concurrence these latter words were struck out, and the +"hope" was, instead of them, substituted for the "intention." +Should your Majesty, however, be pleased so to order, Lord +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.339" id="pageiii.339"></a>[page 339]</span> +Derby will immediately submit the question to the consideration +of his Colleagues, in order that your Majesty may be put, +in the most authentic form, in possession of their views. He +assures your Majesty that nothing can be more repugnant to +his feelings than to appear to offer objections to any suggestions +emanating from your Majesty; and he has only been +induced to do so upon the present occasion by the deep conviction +which he entertains of the danger attending the course +proposed, and the serious embarrassments which it would +cause your Majesty. He regrets more especially having been +compelled to take this step at a moment when your Majesty's +thoughts are very differently engaged, and when it may be +doubly irksome to have matters of public business pressed +upon your Majesty's consideration.</p> + +<p class="ind">The above is humbly submitted by your Majesty's most +dutiful Servant and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Derby</span>.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>3rd June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Derby's answer to her observations +on the proposed Speech. There is in fact no difference +of opinion between her and Lord Derby; the latter only +keeps in view the effect which certain words will have in +Parliament and upon the country, whilst she looks to the +effect they will produce upon the European conflict. If the +Queen were not obliged to speak, both positions might be +well reconciled; but if what she is going to declare from the +Throne is to allay suspicions purposely raised by the Opposition +against the Government that they intended to take +part at some moment or other in the war, and is to give absolute +security to the country against this contingency, this +will be the very thing France would wish to bring about in +order to ensure to her the fullest liberty in prosecuting her +schemes for disturbing and altering the territorial state of +Europe. How is this impression to be avoided? Lord +Derby thinks that the expression of "hope" to be able to +preserve peace to this country is a sufficient indication that +this country reserves to herself still a certain liberty of action; +but the Queen would have interpreted it rather as the expression +of a hope, that we may not be attacked, particularly when +followed by the sentence in which all intention of aggression +is disclaimed, and that our armaments are merely meant for +defence. The sense would then appear as this: "As the +belligerents separately assure me of their friendship, I am +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.340" id="pageiii.340"></a>[page 340]</span> +determined to maintain a strict neutrality between them, and +hope they may not change their minds, and attack me; I +arm, but merely to defend myself if attacked." This would +abdicate on the part of this country her position as one of +the arbiters of Europe, declare her indifference to treaties or +the balance of power (which are, in fact, of the greatest value +to her), and would preclude her from any action to preserve +them. The Queen fully enters into the Parliamentary difficulty, +and would deprecate nothing more than to expose the +Government to a defeat on an Amendment which would lead +to the formation of a new Government on the principle of +neutrality <i>à tout prix</i> imposed by Parliament on the Crown.</p> + +<p class="ind">It will be for Lord Derby and his colleagues to consider how +far they may be able to avoid this danger without exposing +themselves to that pointed out by the Queen. She puts herself +entirely in his hands, and had suggested the verbal amendments +merely with a view to indicate the nature of the difficulty +which had struck her. Whatever decision Lord Derby +may on further reflection come to, the Queen is prepared to +accept.<sup>44</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 44: Ultimately the Cabinet recommended the modification of the declaration of neutrality +by the insertion of the words "between them"; so as to run: "I intend to maintain +<i>between them</i> a strict and impartial neutrality," etc.; and in the second paragraph proposed +to omit the words "with no object of aggression, but"—and adopting the form +of the Queen's paragraph, but omitting the words referring to possible complications, to +leave it thus: "Considering, however, the present state of Europe, I have deemed it +necessary for the security of my Dominions," etc. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Malmesbury.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NEGOTIATIONS WITH RUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>5th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has read Lord Cowley's letter with regret. +Nothing could be more dangerous and unwise than at this +moment to enter into negotiations with Russia on the best +manner of disposing of the Emperor of Austria's dominions. +The Queen cannot understand how Lord Cowley can propose +anything so indefensible in a moral point of view.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEBATE ON THE ADDRESS</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span> [? <i>7th June 1859</i>.]<br /> +(<i>Tuesday, quarter-past eight o'clock.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Hartington<sup>45</sup> spoke like a gentleman; was badly +seconded.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.341" id="pageiii.341"></a>[page 341]</span> + +<p class="ind">Chancellor of Exchequer rose immediately at six o'clock, +and is just down. The House very full, and very enthusiastic.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of Exchequer presumes to say he thinks he +satisfied his friends.<sup>46</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 45: Lord Hartington, afterwards eighth Duke of Devonshire, moved an Amendment +to the Address, expressing a want of confidence in the Ministry.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 46: He flung his taunts right and left at the now united Opposition, and was especially +bitter against Sir James Graham. Referring to the Liberal meeting on the 6th, Mr +Disraeli reminded the House that Willis's Rooms had, as Almack's, formerly been maintained +by fashionable patronesses. "The distinguished assemblies that met within +those walls were controlled by a due admixture of dowagers and youthful beauties—young +reputations and worn celebrities—and it was the object of all social ambition to +enter there. Now Willis's Rooms are under the direction of patrons, and there are two +of these patrons below the gangway" (indicating Lord John Russell and Mr Sidney +Herbert). In regard to its Foreign Policy, he said the Government should not be condemned +without direct documentary evidence. Lord Malmesbury has since deplored +Mr Disraeli's neglect to produce the Blue Book with the correspondence relating to the +affairs of Italy and Austria, and stated that, had he laid it on the table, the debate would +have ended differently (<i>Memoirs of an Ex-Minister</i>, vol. ii. p. 188). +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>10th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +that the tone of the Government Agents in the House of +Commons is less sanguine to-day than it was yesterday with +regard to the issue of the Debate to-night. There are no actual +changes announced of votes, but the tone of the Opposition +is more confident; and when an opinion begins to prevail +that the Government are likely to be in a minority, it often +realises itself by the effect which it produces on waverers and +lukewarm supporters. The Division will certainly take place +to-night; and, without absolutely anticipating failure, Lord +Derby cannot conceal from your Majesty that he considers +the situation very critical. Mr Gladstone expressed privately +his opinion last night that, even if successful on the present +occasion, the Government could not possibly go on, which +does not look like an intention, on the part of the Liberal +Party, of considering the present division as decisive.<sup>47</sup>...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 47: The rest of the letter relates to the distribution of honours to the outgoing Ministers. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Disraeli to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>11th June 1859</i>.<br /> +(<i>Saturday morning, half-past two o'clock.</i>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor of the Exchequer with his humble duty to +your Majesty:</p> + +<table summary="vote" align="center" border="0"> +<tr> +<td class="main">For the Amendment . . . . </td> +<td class="main1a">323</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="main">For the Address . . . . . </td> +<td class="main1a">310</td> +</tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="main1a">—–</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="main">Majority against your Majesty's servants</td> + <td class="main1a">13</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + <td class="main1a">—–</td> + </tr> +</table> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.342" id="pageiii.342"></a>[page 342]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE MINISTRY DEFEATED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen was very much grieved to receive Mr Disraeli's +report of the division of yesterday, although she was fully +prepared for this event.</p> + +<p class="ind">She did not answer Lord Derby's letter of yesterday in +order not to anticipate it. Now that the fate of the Government +is decided, she is prepared to grant those favours and +acknowledgments of service for which Lord Derby asked in +his letter. The Queen <i>could</i> not reconcile it with her own +feelings, however, were she to omit this opportunity, when +Lord Derby for the second time resigns the post of her Prime +Minister, of giving to him personally a public mark of her +approbation of his services. The Queen therefore asks him +to accept the Garter from her hands.</p> + +<p class="ind">As the Queen holds a Drawing-room to-day, and receives +the City Address after it, Lord Derby will be aware how little +time she has this morning (being naturally anxious to have +some conversation with him with as little delay as possible); +she would ask him to come here either at half-past eleven or +half-past twelve o'clock.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Derby to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">St James's Square</span>, <i>11th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Derby, with his humble duty, submits to your Majesty +the expression of his deep gratitude for your Majesty's most +gracious note this moment received, and for the terms in which +your Majesty has been pleased to speak of his very imperfect +services. He gratefully accepts the honour which your +Majesty has been pleased to confer upon him as a mark of +your Majesty's personal favour. As a Minister, he could never +have advised your Majesty to bestow it upon him, and he +could not have accepted it on the recommendation of any +Government to which he was politically opposed; but as a +spontaneous act of your Majesty, it acquires in his eyes a +value which nothing else could have given to it. Lord Derby +is this moment going down to the Cabinet, as a matter of +form, and will obey your Majesty's commands as soon as +possible after half-past eleven, when he will have an opportunity +of expressing in person his deep sense of your Majesty's +goodness, and his entire devotedness, in whatever situation +he may be placed, to your Majesty's service.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.343" id="pageiii.343"></a>[page 343]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Memorandum by Earl Granville.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD GRANVILLE SUMMONED</span> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated. 11th June 1859.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">I waited at four o'clock this afternoon<a id="footnotetagXXVIII48" name="footnotetagXXVIII48"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII48"><sup>48</sup></a> upon the Queen by +Her Majesty's gracious commands. The Queen was pleased +to remark upon the importance of the present crisis. Her +Majesty informed me that Lord Derby had resigned, and that +she had sent for me to desire that I should attempt to form +another Administration, which Her Majesty wished should be +strong and comprehensive. I respectfully assured the Queen +that Her Majesty's commands came upon me by surprise; +that at any time I felt my own insufficiency for such a post, +and that at this time there were special difficulties; that I +believed the only two persons who could form a strong Liberal +Government were either Lord Palmerston or Lord John +Russell; and that, although it had sometimes happened that +two statesmen of equal pretensions preferred having a nominal +chief to serving under one another, I did not believe that this +was the case now. I said that I had reason to believe that +Lords Palmerston and John Russell were ready to co-operate +with one another, while I doubted whether either would +consent to serve under a younger man of such small pretensions +as myself.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen in reply informed me that her first thoughts had +been turned to Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell, that +they had both served her long and faithfully, and that Her +Majesty felt it to be an invidious task to select one of the two. +Her Majesty was also of opinion that as different sections of +the Liberal Party were more or less represented by each, it +might be more easy for the Party to act together under a third +person. Her Majesty added that she had selected me as the +Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords, and a +person in whom both Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell +had been in the habit of placing confidence, and she expressed +her confident hope that their attachment to herself would +induce them to yield that assistance without which it would +be difficult to form a strong and comprehensive Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">I proceeded to state some of the most salient difficulties of +the task, and asked Her Majesty's permission to ascertain by +negotiation what it would be possible to do.</p> + +<p class="ind">Her Majesty informed me that Her Majesty's experience +of former changes of administration had taught her that the +construction of an administration had failed when the person +entrusted with the task had acted merely as a negotiator, and +that the success of other attempts had been owing to the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.344" id="pageiii.344"></a>[page 344]</span> +acceptance of the charge by the person for whom she had +sent. Her Majesty laid Her Majesty's commands upon me +to make the attempt, and I had the honour of conveying two +letters from Her Majesty to Lord Palmerston and Lord John +Russell, stating that Her Majesty relied upon their assistance.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVIII48" name="footnoteXXVIII48"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII48">Footnote 48:</a> The 11th of June. +</p> + + +<table summary="duplicate letters" align="center" border="0"> +<tr> + <td class="main" valign="middle"><h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to</i></h5></td> + <td class="main" rowspan="2" valign="top" style="padding-top: 3em;"><span class="bigbrace">{</span></td> + <td class="main"><h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston.</i><br /><i>Lord John Russell.</i> </h5></td> +</tr> +</table> + <span class="rightnote">THE RIVAL LEADERS</span> +<p class="indright" style="margin-top: 0;"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>11th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen gives these lines to Lord Granville, whom she +has entrusted with the task of forming an administration on +the resignation of Lord Derby. She has selected him as the +Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords. She feels +that it is of the greatest importance that both Lord Palmerston +and Lord John Russell should lend their services to the Crown +and country in the present anxious circumstances, and thought +at the same time that they might do so most agreeably to their +own feelings by acting under a third person. They having +both served the Queen long and faithfully as her First Minister, +she must not conceal from Lord Palmerston (John Russell) +that it is a great relief to her feelings not to have to make the +choice of one of them, and she trusts that they will feel no +difficulty to co-operate with one in whom they have both been +in the habit of placing confidence. From the long experience +the Queen has had of Lord Palmerston's (John Russell's) +loyal attachment to her and the service of the Crown, she feels +confident she may rely on Lord Palmerston's (John Russell's) +hearty assistance.<sup>49</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 49: In reply, Lord Palmerston (in a letter printed in Ashley's <i>Life of Lord Palmerston</i>, +vol. ii. p. 155) accepted his responsibility for uniting with others to overthrow the Derby +Ministry, and undertook to serve under either Lord John Russell or Lord Granville, but +stipulated that any Government he joined must be an efficient and representative one. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD GRANVILLE UNSUCCESSFUL</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Bruton Street</span>, <i>12th June 1859</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent">(2 <span class="sc">a.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs to submit that he saw Lord Palmerston immediately +after he had left Buckingham Palace. Lord Granville stated +what had passed there, omitting any reference to your Majesty's +objection to the effect likely to be produced on the +Continent by Lord Palmerston's name, if he had the direction +of the Foreign Affairs. Nothing could be more frank and +cordial than Lord Palmerston's manner. He agreed to lead +the House of Commons; he said that he had certainly anticipated +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.345" id="pageiii.345"></a>[page 345]</span> +that your Majesty would have sent for either Lord John +or himself, but having taken a part in the defeat of the present +Government, he felt bound to put aside any personal objects, +and co-operate with me; and that there was no person whom +he should prefer or even like as much as myself. He added +that his co-operation must depend upon my being able to +form a strong Government. Lord Granville then saw Lord +John Russell, and had a very long conversation with him. +Lord John had no objection to serving under Lord Granville, +but thought that he could not give effect to his political views +unless he was either Prime Minister or Leader of the House +of Commons, and he doubted whether he had confidence in +any one but Lord Palmerston for the Foreign Office. Lord +Granville again saw Lord Palmerston, who informed him that +if he had been sent for, he should have objected to go to the +House of Lords, and that he could not now give up the lead +of the House of Commons (which Lord Granville had already +proposed to him to retain) to Lord John. This answer +rendered it unnecessary for Lord Granville to allude to the +objections to his holding the Foreign Office. Lord Granville +has seen Lord Clarendon, who acted up to the full spirit of +your Majesty's letter, but deprecates strongly the attempt to +form a Government without Lord John Russell. Sir George +Grey is of the same opinion. Sir George Lewis, Mr Herbert, +and Mr Gladstone think every effort should be made to secure +Lord John, but that it would not be impossible to form a +Government without him. Mr Milner Gibson, with whom +Lord Granville had a more reserved conversation, considered +it a <i>sine quâ non</i> condition of support from the Liberal Party +below the gangway, that Lord John should be a member of +the Government. Lord Granville thinks that in his third +interview with Lord Palmerston he observed more dissatisfaction +at not being sent for by your Majesty. Lord Palmerston +suggested that Lord John's absence from the Government +would make it more difficult for a Leader of the House, who +was not Prime Minister, to hold his position.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville has written to Lord John asking for a final +answer before he informs your Majesty, whether he is able +to attempt the task which your Majesty has with so much +kindness and indulgence laid upon him.<sup>50</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: This letter, and Lord John's reply declining to occupy only the third office in the +State, and expressing his anxiety for adequate security in the handling of Foreign Affairs +and Reform, are printed in Walpole's <i>Life of Lord John Russell</i>, vol. ii. chap. xxvii.</p> + +<p class="note1">Lord Granville then wrote to Lord John: "I am glad that I wrote to you yesterday +evening, as your answer gave me information which I had not gathered from your conversation +in the morning. I came away from Chesham Place with the impression that +union between you and Palmerston with or without me was impossible. Your letter +afforded a good opportunity of arrangement. As soon as I found by it that I was an +obstacle instead of a facility towards the formation of a strong Government. I went to +the Queen to ask her to excuse me from the task which she had so unexpectedly and so +graciously imposed upon me. In answer to a question, I stated to Her Majesty that it +was disagreeable to me to advise as to which of you and Palmerston she should send for, +but that I was ready to do so if it was her wish.</p> + +<p class="note1">"The Queen did not press me. It is a great relief to have finished this business. I +have asked Palmerston to do whatever would strengthen the Government, and assist him +the most as regards myself." +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.346" id="pageiii.346"></a>[page 346]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Earl of Derby.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD PALMERSTON PREMIER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>12th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen writes to inform Lord Derby that after a fruitless +attempt on the part of Lord Granville to form a Government +comprising Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell, she has +now charged Lord Palmerston with the task, which she trusts +may prove more successful....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright">94 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>12th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to report that he has been to Pembroke +Lodge, and has had a satisfactory conversation with Lord +John Russell, who has agreed to be a Member of the Government +without any suggestion that Viscount Palmerston should +leave the House of Commons; but Viscount Palmerston is +sorry to say that Lord John Russell laid claim to the Foreign +Office in a manner which rendered it impossible for Viscount +Palmerston to decline to submit his name to your Majesty +for that post when the List of the new Government shall be +made out for your Majesty's consideration and approval....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>13th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon has just left the Queen. She had a long +and full conversation with him. Nothing could be more +friendly than his language, and he expressed himself ready +to do anything for the Queen's service. But he positively +declines entering the Cabinet or taking any <i>other office</i>. He +says, as <i>Foreign</i> Secretary, he should be ready to join the +Government should there be a vacancy; but that he has never +directed his attention much to general politics, and his taking +any other office, after having held the Foreign Seals during +a long and important time, would be of no use to the Government, +and would only injure himself. The Queen told him +that he might have any office almost (naming several of those +which Lord Palmerston discussed with her), but she could not +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.347" id="pageiii.347"></a>[page 347]</span> +urge nor press him to do what <i>he felt</i> would injure him, and +indeed she found him quite determined in his purpose.</p> + +<p class="ind">His absence from the Cabinet the Queen sincerely deplores, +and she knows that Lord Palmerston will feel it a serious +loss.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Earl Granville.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AN INDISCREET DISCLOSURE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>13th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is much shocked to find her whole conversation +with Lord Granville yesterday and the day before detailed +in this morning's leading article of the <i>Times</i>.<sup>51</sup> What passes +between her and a Minister in her own room in confidential +intercourse ought to be sacred, and it will be evident to Lord +Granville that if it were not so, the Queen would be precluded +from treating her Ministers with that unreserved confidence +which can alone render a thorough understanding possible; +moreover, any Minister could state what he pleased, against +which the Queen would have no protection, as she could not +well insert contradictions or explanations in the newspapers +herself.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 51: A circumstantial account of the Queen's conversation with Lord Granville had +appeared in the <i>Times</i>, and Lord Derby drew attention to the matter in the House of +Lords. Lord Granville in reply expressed his regret in not having used more complete +reserve, and frankly attributed the disclosures to his non-observance of adequate discretion. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>13th June 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and feels deeply your Majesty's reproof.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville was extremely annoyed this morning at +seeing the article in the <i>Times</i> of to-day, repeating with some +accuracy, but in a vulgar, inflated manner, the account which +Lord Granville gave yesterday afternoon to many of his +political friends, and which he believed your Majesty had +authorised him to do. Lord Granville in that account laid +much stress on the reasons which your Majesty gave for sending +for Lord Granville, as he found that attempts had been made +to attribute every sort of motive which might render the Court +unpopular.</p> + +<p class="ind">Besides the gross impropriety of the appearance of reporting +your Majesty's conversation, Lord Granville regrets the +indirect attack upon Lord John Russell.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville begs respectfully to express to your Majesty +his vexation at the annoyance, which he has thus been the +cause of inflicting on your Majesty, particularly at a moment +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.348" id="pageiii.348"></a>[page 348]</span> +when your Majesty had just given him an additional proof of +the indulgent kindness and confidence which your Majesty +has been pleased to place in him.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR COBDEN</span> + +<p class="indright">94 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>1st July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has been unable till within the last few minutes +to make any Report about Mr Cobden, from whom he had +received no communication till about an hour ago, when Mr +Cobden came to him.<sup>52</sup> The result of a long conversation +between them has been that Mr Cobden, against the advice of +all his friends and of his constituents, has decided to decline +taking office. He grounds his decision upon feelings personal +to himself. He thinks that after having so often and so strongly +disapproved of the Foreign Policy of Viscount Palmerston as +tending too much to involve this country in war, it would +be inconsistent for him to join the present Cabinet, and he +also said that, at his time of life and with his general habits, +he does not consider himself fit for administrative office.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston used every [means] in his power to +induce him to change his decision, and showed that, with +respect to present and future action, there is no apparent +difference between his views and those of Mr Cobden, since +both would desire that this country should remain neutral in +the war now raging in Italy. All his arguments, however, +were useless, and though Mr Cobden discussed the matter in +the most friendly and good-humoured manner, and promised +to give out of office all support to the Government, and said +that he thought he could do so more effectually out of office +than in office, he could not be persuaded to make any change +in the answer which he came to give.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston will consider what arrangement he +may have to propose to your Majesty in consequence of Mr +Cobden's answer.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 52: Mr Cobden had been visiting the United States. On landing at Liverpool he learned +that he had been elected at Rochdale, and at the same time he received an offer of the +Board of Trade. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><span class="sc">The Ministry as Formed by Viscount Palmerston</span>.</h5> +<h5><i>in the month of June</i> 1859.</h5> + + +<table summary="Palmerston's Ministry" align="center" border="0"> +<tr><td class="main"><i>First Lord of the Treasury</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Viscount Palmerston.</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Lord Chancellor</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Lord Campbell.</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>President of the Council</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Earl Granville.</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Lord Privy Seal</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Duke of Argyll.</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Home Secretary</i><span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.349" id="pageiii.349"></a>[page 349]</span></td> +<td class="main"><span class="sc">Sir G. C. Lewis.</span></td></tr> + + + +<tr><td class="main" valign="top"><i>Foreign Secretary</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Lord John</span> (afterwards <span class="sc">Earl</span>)<br /> + <span class="sc">Russell</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Colonial Secretary</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Duke of Newcastle</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main" valign="top"><i>Secretary for War</i></td> <td class="main">Mr <span class="sc">Sidney Herbert</span> (afterwards<br /> + <span class="sc">Lord Herbert of Lea</span>).</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main" valign="top"><i>Secretary for India</i></td> <td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">Charles Wood</span> (afterwards<br /> + <span class="sc">Viscount Halifax</span>).</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Chancellor of the Exchequer</i></td> <td class="main">Mr <span class="sc">Gladstone.</span><sup>53</sup></td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>First Lord of the Admiralty</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Duke of Somerset</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>President of the Board of Trade</i></td> <td class="main">Mr <span class="sc">Milner Gibson</span> (appointed in July).</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Postmaster-General</i></td> <td class="main"><span class="sc">Earl of Elgin</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster</i> </td> <td class="main">Sir <span class="sc">George Grey</span>.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="main"><i>Chief Secretary for Ireland</i></td> <td class="main">Mr (afterwards <span class="sc">Viscount</span>) <span class="sc">Cardwell</span>.</td></tr> +</table> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 53: Lord Aberdeen wrote, in a letter printed in Parker's <i>Sir James Graham</i>, vol. ii. p. 388, +that the wish of Lord Palmerston, expressed in a speech at Tiverton, "to see the +Germans turned out of Italy by the war, has secured Gladstone ... notwithstanding the +three articles of the <i>Quarterly</i> and the thousand imprecations of late years." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR BRIGHT</span> + +<p class="indright">94 <span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>2nd July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has heard from several persons that +Mr Bright would be highly flattered by being made a Privy +Councillor; would your Majesty object to his being so made +if it should turn out that he wishes it? There have been +instances of persons made Privy Councillors without office, +and if Mr Bright could be led by such an honour to turn his +thoughts and feelings into better channels such a change could +not fail to be advantageous to your Majesty's service....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Palmerston's letter of to-day. +She is sorry not to be able to give her assent to his proposal +with regard to Mr Bright.<sup>54</sup> Privy Councillors have sometimes +exceptionally been made without office, yet this has been +as rewards, even in such cases, for services rendered to the +State. It would be impossible to allege any service Mr Bright +has rendered, and if the honour were looked upon as a reward +for his systematic attacks upon the institutions of the country, +a very erroneous impression might be produced as to the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.350" id="pageiii.350"></a>[page 350]</span> +feeling which the Queen or her Government entertain towards +these institutions. It is moreover very problematical whether +such an honour conferred upon Mr Bright would, as suggested, +wean him from his present line of policy, whilst, if he continued +in it, he would only have obtained additional weight in the +country by his propounding his views as one of the Queen's +Privy Councillors.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 54: In 1859, Lord Palmerston, in offering Mr Cobden a seat in the Cabinet, rejected the +idea of accepting Mr Bright as a colleague, on the ground that his public speeches made it +impossible. Mr Bright, later in life, was a welcome guest at Windsor, and the Queen +became warmly attached to him as one of her Ministers. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Canning to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PACIFICATION OF INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Calcutta</span>, <i>4th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and begs permission to offer to your Majesty his respectful +thanks for your Majesty's most gracious letter of the 18th +of May.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning ventures to believe that he is well able to +figure to himself the feelings with which your Majesty will +have welcomed the termination of the Mutiny and Rebellion +in India, and of the chief miseries which these have brought +in their train. He hopes that your Majesty will not have +thought that there has been remissness in not marking this +happy event by an earlier public acknowledgment and thanksgiving +in India, as has already been done in England.<sup>55</sup> The +truth is, that although this termination has long been steadily +and surely approaching, it is but just now that it can be said +to be complete in the eyes of those who are near to the scene +of action. It is only within the last three weeks that the +exertions of our Troops on the Oudh and Nepaulese frontier, +and in some other parts, have been remitted, and almost every +Gazette has recounted engagements with the rebels, which, +although they have invariably had the same issue, would +scarcely have consisted with a declaration that peace and +tranquillity were restored. Now, however, military operations +have fairly ceased, and the rains and the climate, which would +make a continuance of those operations much to be regretted, +will do their work amongst the rebels who are still in arms in +the Nepaul jungles more terribly than any human avengers.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning has used every exertion and device to bring +these wretched men to submission; but many—it is difficult to +say how many, but certainly some few thousands—still hold out. +With some of them the reason no doubt is that they belong to +the most guilty Regiments, and to those which murdered their +officers; but this cannot apply to all; and it is to be feared +that the prevailing cause is the bad influence of their leaders—the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.351" id="pageiii.351"></a>[page 351]</span> +Nana, Bala Rao, and the Begum;<sup>56</sup> or rather the Begum's +infamous advisers. It is certain that all of these, believing their +own position to be desperate, have spared no pains to persuade +their followers that the Government is seeking to entrap them, +and that, if they submit, their lives will be taken....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 55: There had been a Public Thanksgiving in England on the 1st of May.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 56: Bala Rao was a brother of Nana Sahib, chief instigator of the Sepoy Mutiny. See +<i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.238" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 238</a>, note 24. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A MILITARY ENQUIRY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>5th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is much shocked to see that the Government +last night moved for a Committee of the House of Commons +to enquire into the Military Departments, without having +previously communicated with the Queen on the subject. +She is the more surprised at this, as Lord Palmerston told her, +when she saw him on the formation of the present Government, +and she expressed her anxiety on the subject, that there would +be no more trouble about it, and he thought it would drop. +The Queen expects that the names of those who it is proposed +should compose the Committee, and the wording of it, will be +submitted to her.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CONSTITUTIONAL QUESTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>5th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the re-appointment of the +Committee on the Organisation of the Military Departments +was unavoidable. That Committee had been affirmed by the +House of Commons and consented to by the late Government, +and had begun its sittings; but when a Dissolution of Parliament +was announced, it suspended its further sittings, with +the understanding that it should be revived in the new Parliament; +and to have departed from that understanding would +have been impossible. That which Viscount Palmerston +intended to convey in what he said to your Majesty on the +subject was, that the evidence given by Lord Panmure might +be deemed as having fully set aside the objection urged against +the present organisation by persons unacquainted with the +bearing upon it of the fundamental principles of the Constitution, +namely, that the Crown acts in regard to Military matters +without having any official adviser responsible for its acts. +Such a condition of things, if it could exist, would be at variance +with the fundamental principles of the British Constitution, +and would be fraught with danger to the Crown, because then +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.352" id="pageiii.352"></a>[page 352]</span> +the Sovereign would be held personally answerable for administrative +acts, and would be brought personally in conflict in +possible cases with public opinion, a most dangerous condition +for a Sovereign to be placed in.</p> + +<p class="ind">The maxim of the British Constitution is that the Sovereign +can do no wrong, but that does not mean that no wrong can +be done by Royal authority; it means that if wrong be done, +the public servant who advised the act, and not the Sovereign, +must be held answerable for the wrongdoing.</p> + +<p class="ind">But the Ministers of the Crown for the time being are the +persons who are constitutionally held answerable for all administrative +acts in the last resort, and that was the pith and +substance of the evidence given by Lord Panmure. Those +persons who want to make great changes in the existing +arrangements were much vexed and disappointed by that +evidence, and the attempt made yesterday to put off the Committee +till next year on the ground that the evidence now to +be taken would be one-sided only, and would tend to create +erroneous impressions, was founded upon those feelings of +disappointment.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston submits names of the persons whom +Mr Sidney Herbert proposes to appoint on the Committee, and +they seem to be well chosen.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>10th July 1859</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent">(7 <span class="sc">p.m.</span>)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He has just received from Lord Palmerston, who is here, the +paper, a copy of which is enclosed.<sup>57</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell has to add that Lord Palmerston and he +are humbly of opinion that your Majesty should give to the +Emperor of the French the moral support which is asked. +It is clearly understood that if the Emperor of Austria declines +to accept the propositions, Great Britain will still maintain +her neutral position.</p> + +<p class="ind">But it is probable that her moral support will put an end +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.353" id="pageiii.353"></a>[page 353]</span> +to the war, and your Majesty's advisers cannot venture to +make themselves responsible for its continuance by refusing +to counsel your Majesty to accept the proposal of France.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 57: At the seat of war, a series of decisive French victories had culminated in the battle +of Solferino, on Midsummer Day (see Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.308" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 308</a>). But the French +Emperor was beginning to think these successes too dearly purchased, at the expense of +so many French lives, and, actuated either by this, or some similar motive, he attempted, +on the 6th of July, to negotiate through the British Government with Austria. The +attempt was a failure, but an armistice was signed on the 8th, and again the Emperor +sought the moral support of England. The paper which Lord John Russell submitted +was a rough memorandum of M. de Persigny's, proposing as a basis of negotiation the +cession of Lombardy to Piedmont, the independence of Venetia, and the erection of an +Italian Confederation. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pavilion, Aldershot</span>, <i>10th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord John Russell's letter +with the enclosure which she returns, and hastens to say in +reply, that she does not consider the Emperor of the French +or his Ambassador justified in asking the support of England +to proposals he means to make to his antagonist to-morrow. +He made war on Austria in order to wrest her two Italian +kingdoms from her, which were assured to her by the treaties +of 1815, to which England is a party; England declared her +neutrality in the war. The Emperor succeeded in driving +the Austrians out of one of these kingdoms after several +bloody battles. He means to drive her out of the second by +diplomacy, and neutral England is to join him with her moral +support in this endeavour.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen having declared her neutrality, to which her +Parliament and people have given their unanimous assent, +feels bound to adhere to it. She conceives Lord John Russell +and Lord Palmerston ought not to ask her to give her "moral +support" to one of the belligerents. As for herself, she sees +no distinction between moral and general support; the moral +support of England <i>is</i> her support, and she ought to be prepared +to follow it up.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes this letter to be communicated to the +Cabinet.<sup>58</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 58: The Queen not having been informed whether this instruction had been complied +with, a correspondence took place on the subject between the Prince and Lord Granville. +See the <i>Life of Lord Granville</i>, vol. i. chap. xiii. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">END OF THE WAR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>12th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has to acknowledge the receipt of Lord John +Russell's letter reporting to her the result of the deliberations +of the Cabinet, which has very much relieved her mind. Lord +John does not say whether her letter was read to the Cabinet, +but from his former letter she concludes it was. She is most +anxious that there should exist no misapprehension on their +part as to the Queen's views. Our position must be consistent +and precisely defined. A negotiation to stop the effusion of +blood, and to attain "a peace which would be for the interests +of all belligerents," is a very vague term. Who is to judge of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.354" id="pageiii.354"></a>[page 354]</span> +those interests? Is M. de Persigny or the Emperor Napoleon's +opinion to be the guide, as they just now proposed to us? +Austria must be considered the exponent of her own interests. +Prussia has explained to us the interests of Germany in the +maintenance of the line of the fortresses on the Mincio, and was +answered; her views were entirely erroneous, and her apprehensions +exaggerated. It will require the greatest caution on +our part not to lose our neutral position, nor to be made the +advocate of one side. Are the wishes of the Lombards, +Tuscans, etc., really ascertainable, while their countries are +occupied by French and Sardinian armies? The Queen +encloses an extract of a letter from the first Napoleon to his +son, Prince Eugène,<sup>59</sup> showing how the expression of a wish for +annexation has already of old been used as a means for +conquest.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 59: Eugène de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, son of the Empress Josephine by +her first marriage, and adopted son of Napoleon I. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ASCENDANCY OF FRANCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>13th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received the news of a concluded peace,<sup>60</sup> +which Lord John Russell has sent to her yesterday, with as +much surprise as it must have caused Lord John. It was +a joyous intelligence, as far as the stopping of the further +effusion of innocent blood and the security against further +diplomatic complications is concerned, but it gives cause for +serious reflection. The Emperor Napoleon, by his military +successes, and great apparent moderation or prudence immediately +after them, has created for himself a most formidable +position of strength in Europe. It is remarkable that he has +acted towards Austria now just as he did towards Russia after +the fall of Sebastopol; and if it was our lot then to be left +alone to act the part of the extortioner whilst he acted that of +the generous victor, the Queen is doubly glad that we should +not now have fallen into the trap, to ask Austria (as friends and +neutrals) concessions which he was ready to waive. He will +now probably omit no occasion to cajole Austria as he has done +to Russia, and turn her spirit of revenge upon Prussia and +Germany—the Emperor's probable next victims. Should he +thus have rendered himself the master of the entire Continent, +the time may come for us either to obey or to fight him with +terrible odds against us. This has been the Queen's view +from the beginning of this complication, and events have +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.355" id="pageiii.355"></a>[page 355]</span> +hitherto wonderfully supported them. How Italy is to prosper +under the Pope's presidency, whose misgovernment of his own +small portion of it was the ostensible cause of the war, the +Queen is at a loss to conceive. But the Emperor will be able to +do just as he pleases, being in military command of the country, +and having Sardinia, the Pope, and Austria as his debtors.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would like this letter to be communicated to +the Cabinet.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 60: The armistice had arranged that the Emperors should meet at Villafranca, where +peace was concluded. See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.308" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 308</a>. The Italian Confederation +was to be under the presidency of the Pope. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>13th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he will read your Majesty's letter to the Cabinet to-morrow.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor Napoleon is left no doubt in a position of great +power. That position has been made for him by allowing him +to be the only champion of the cause of the people of Italy.</p> + +<p class="ind">But that is no reason why we should seek a quarrel with +France, and there is some reason to doubt whether the speeches +made in the House of Lords, while they display our weakness +and our alarm, are really patriotic in their purpose and +tendency.</p> + +<p class="ind">To be well armed, and to be just to all our neighbours, appears +to Lord John Russell to be the most simple, the most safe, and +the most honest policy.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>14th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen acknowledges the receipt of Lord John Russell's +communications of yesterday. She entirely agrees with him +"that we have no reason to seek a quarrel with France," and +that "the most simple and most safe and most honest" line +of conduct for us will be "to be well armed, and to be just to +all our neighbours."</p> + +<p class="ind">She trusts that as the poor Duchess of Parma<sup>61</sup> appears +to be overlooked in the Italian Peace merely because nobody +thinks it his business to befriend her, we shall in the above +spirit ask for justice and consideration for her.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen concurs with Lord John that it will now be +useless to communicate to France the advice given to the +Porte.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 61: Louise Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Duc de Berri, and widow of Charles III., +Duke of Parma. She was at this time Regent for her son Robert, a minor (born 1848), +the present Duke. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.356" id="pageiii.356"></a>[page 356]</span> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Odo Russell to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<h5>(<i>Submitted to the Queen.</i>)</h5> + + + +<span class="rightnote">THE VIEWS OF THE POPE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Rome</span>, <i>17th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Lord</span>,—Some days since a letter from the "Pontifical +Antechamber," directed to "Signor Odoni Russell, Agente +Officioso di Sua Maestà Britannica," informed me that His +Holiness the Pope desired to see me.</p> + +<p class="ind">In consequence I proceeded to the Vatican, and was ushered +into the presence of His Holiness by Monsignore Talbot, the +"Cameriere" in waiting, who immediately withdrew, and +I remained alone with the Pope.</p> + +<p class="ind">His Holiness welcomed me with his usual benevolence and +good humour. He seemed very gay, and spoke with more +than customary frankness, so much so indeed that I have +felt some hesitation as to the propriety of submitting what +passed between us to your Lordship. But after mature +reflection, I think it best you should be in possession of an +accurate and conscientious account of the sentiments of +His Holiness in the present important juncture of affairs.</p> + +<p class="ind">"Caro mio Russell," the Pope said, "you have been so +long at Naples that I was already thinking of sending after +you to bring you back; we do not like you to leave us, and +the more so as I have heard you were attached to the Mission +of Mr Elliot,<a id="footnotetagXXVIII62" name="footnotetagXXVIII62"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII62"><sup>62</sup></a> who is a son of Lord Minto; and if he entertains +the same political views as his father, he is a dangerous +man to the peace of Italy. Now I knew Lord Minto here, +and although he may be a very good man, I do not think +him a man of any capacity, and his doctrines were calculated +to bring on the ruin of Italy."</p> + +<p class="ind">I replied, "I cannot agree with your Holiness, for I consider +Lord Minto to be a very clever man, whose honest, +sound, and liberal views, had they been listened to, might +have prevented the crisis which is now convulsing Italy."</p> + +<p class="ind">The Pope said, "Well, of course you belong to his party, +but, <i>Poveri noi!</i> what is to become of us with your uncle +and Lord Palmerston at the head of affairs in England? +They have always sympathised with the turbulent spirits +of Italy, and their accession to power will greatly increase +the hopes of the Piedmontese Party. Indeed, I well know +what the English Government want: they want to see the +Pope deprived of his temporal power."</p> + +<p class="ind">I replied, "Again I regret to find your Holiness so entirely +mistaken with respect to the policy of England. We derive +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.357" id="pageiii.357"></a>[page 357]</span> +great happiness from our free institutions, and we would +be glad to see our neighbours in Europe as happy and as +prosperous as we are, but we have no wish to interfere with +the internal concerns of other nations, or to give advice without +being asked for it; least of all as a Protestant Power +would <i>we</i> think of interfering one way or the other with the +Government of your Holiness."</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE POPE ON ENGLISH LIBERALISM</span> +<p class="ind">The Pope said, "I do not doubt the good intentions of +England, but unfortunately you do not understand this +country, and your example is dangerous to the Italian minds, +your speeches in Parliament excite them, and you fancy +because constitutional liberties and institutions suit you, +that they must suit all the world. Now the Italians are a +dissatisfied, interfering, turbulent and intriguing race; they +can never learn to govern themselves, it is impossible; only +see how they follow Sardinia in all she tells them to do, simply +because they love intrigue and revolution, whilst in reality +they do not know what they want; a hot-headed people like +the Italians require a firm and just government to guide +and take care of them, and Italy might have continued +tranquil and contented, had not the ambition of Sardinia +led her to revolutionise the whole country. The Grand Duke +of Tuscany, for instance, is an excellent and just man, and +nevertheless, at the instigation of Piedmont, he was turned +out of the country, and for no earthly purpose. I suppose +you have read Monsieur About's book about Rome<a id="footnotetagXXVIII63" name="footnotetagXXVIII63"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII63"><sup>63</sup></a>? well, +all he says is untrue, pure calumny, and it would be easy +for me to have it all refuted; but he is really not worthy of +such an honour. His book, I see, has been translated into +English, and I have no doubt it will be much read and believed +in England. Such books and our refugees mislead your +countrymen, and I often wonder at the language your statesmen +hold about us in the Houses of Parliament. I always +read their speeches. Lord Palmerston, Lord John Russell, +and Mr Gladstone do not know us; but when I think how +kindly and hospitably Lord Granville was received at Rome +last winter, and then read the extraordinary speech he made +last February about us, I think the gout he suffered from +here must have gone to his head when he reached England, +and I wonder how Her Majesty the Queen could send for +him to form a Government! Then again, Mr Gladstone, +who allowed himself to be deceived about the Neapolitan +prisoners—he does not know us and Italy—and Mr Cobden,—I +knew him in 1847—he is always in favour of peace, and he +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.358" id="pageiii.358"></a>[page 358]</span> +must be very fond of animals, for when he came here from +Spain he wanted me to write to that country and put a stop +to bull-fights—a very good man, but I do not know his views +about Italy. And Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, do you think +he will be employed again? he seemed so anxious to get a +place. Mr Disraeli was my friend; I regret him. But tell +me, <i>caro mio Russell</i>, if you are a prophet, how all this war +and fuss is to end?"</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE TEMPORAL POWER</span> +<p class="ind">I replied, "Your Holiness has better claims to being a +prophet than I have, and I sincerely hope all this may end +well for Italy; but as regards the present and the past, I +must again say that I deeply regret to see your Holiness +misconceive the honest views and sincere sympathies of the +statesmen you have named, for the welfare of Italy; they +would like to see Italy independent, prosperous, progressing +and contented, and able to take care of herself without foreign +troops. Your Holiness has done me the honour to speak +freely and openly with me; permit me to do the same, and +ask your Holiness what England must think when she sees +the temporal power of your Holiness imposed upon three +millions of people by the constant presence of French and +Austrian bayonets, and when, after ten years of occupation, +the Austrians withdraw suddenly, there is at once an insurrection +throughout the country; and if the French were to +leave Rome it is generally acknowledged that a revolution +would compel your Holiness to seek refuge in some foreign +country. At the same time, when the troops of your Holiness +are employed as at Perugia,<sup>64</sup> the Government is too weak +to control them; they pillage and murder, and, instead of +investigating their conduct, the excesses committed by them +are publicly rewarded."</p> + +<p class="ind">The Pope smiled, paused, took a pinch of snuff, and then +said good-humouredly: "Although I am not a prophet, I +know one thing; this war will be followed by an European +Congress, and a Congress about Italian Affairs is even worse +for us than war. There will be changes in Italy, but mark +my words, whatever these changes are, the Pope will ever +be the Pope, whether he dwells in the Vatican or lives +concealed in the Catacombs.</p> + +<p class="ind">"Lastly, I will give you some advice. Prepare and take +care of yourselves in England, for I am quite certain the +French Emperor intends sooner or later to attack you."</p> + +<p class="ind">The Pope then beckoned to me to approach, and making +the sign of the Cross, he gave me his blessing in Latin, then +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.359" id="pageiii.359"></a>[page 359]</span> +with both his hands, he took one of mine, pressed it, and said +with great warmth, "Be our friend in the hour of need." +I have the honour to be, etc., etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Odo Russell</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVIII62" name="footnoteXXVIII62"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII62">Footnote 62:</a> Mr (afterwards Sir) Henry Elliot, P.C., G.C.B., was Plenipotentiary to Naples. He +was subsequently Ambassador at Vienna, and died in 1907.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXVIII63" name="footnoteXXVIII63"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII63">Footnote 63:</a> Edmond About, a French journalist (1828-1885), had published <i>La Question Romaine,</i> +an attack on the Papacy. See De la Gorce, <i>Histoire du Second Empire</i>, vol. ii. p. 365.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 64: An insurrection against the Pope at Perugia bad been put down with great cruelty +on the 20th of June. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DISAPPOINTMENT OF CAVOUR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>18th July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these interesting letters to Lord John.<sup>65</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The whole aspect of affairs gives cause for serious reflection +and great anxiety for the future.</p> + +<p class="ind">The conduct of France as regards Italy shows how little +the Emperor Napoleon cared for, or thought of, its independence +when he undertook this war, which (though in the last +instance begun by Austria) <i>he</i> brought on, for purposes of +his own.</p> + +<p class="ind">The manifesto of the Emperor of Austria shows how unfortunate +for her own interests the policy of Prussia has +been.<sup>66</sup> She had made herself answerable for the issue of +the war by restraining the minor states, and stands now +humiliated and isolated. Her position in Germany is at +present very painful, and may be for the future very +dangerous.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen feels strongly that we are not without considerable +responsibility in having from the first urged her +to take no part in the war, which certainly had great influence +on her actions—and she will very naturally look to us not +to desert her when the evil hour for her may come.<sup>67</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 65: These were letters from Lord Cowley and Sir James Hudson in reference to the Peace +of Villafranca. The former announced, as a result of his conversation with the Empress +and other persons, that among the causes which induced the French Emperor to consent +to peace were his horror at any further sacrifice of life and time, disgust at what he considered +Italian apathy for the cause which the French were upholding, and distrust of +the intentions of the King of Sardinia and Count Cavour. Sir James Hudson described +the unanimous feeling at Turin that the Nationalist cause had been betrayed. Cavour, +he wrote, could obtain no further response to his remonstrances with Napoleon than +"Il fait bien chaud: il fait bien chaud." Moreover, Napoleon knew (continued Sir +James) "that Mazzini had dogged his footsteps to Milan, for, the day before yesterday, +sixty-six Orsini bombshells were discovered there by the chief of the Sardinian police, +who arrested the man (a known follower of Mazzini) who had them. The story is that +he brought them from England for the purpose of using them against the Austrians!!" +Count Cavour, who resigned in disgust and was succeeded by Rattazzi, remained out of +office till the following January.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 66: He stated that he believed he could obtain better terms direct from the French +Emperor than those to which England, Russia, and Prussia were likely to give their +moral support as a basis of mediation.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 67: Lord Cowley wrote to Lord John Russell on the 20th of July:—</p> + +<p class="note1">"... The two Emperors met in the most cordial manner, shaking hands as if no +difference had existed between them. As soon as they were alone, the Emperor of +Austria took the initiative, and stated at once that he was ready to cede to the Emperor +of the French, for the sake of the restoration of peace, the territory which the latter had +conquered, but that he could not do more, giving the reasons which I have mentioned to +your Lordship in former despatches. The Emperor of the French replied that his own +position in France, and the public declarations which he had made, rendered something +in addition necessary: that the war had been undertaken for the freedom of Italy, and +that he could not justify to France a peace which did not ensure this object. The +Emperor Francis Joseph rejoined that he had no objection to offer to the Confederation +which formed part of the Emperor Napoleon's programme, and that he was ready to +enter it with Venetia, and when the Emperor Napoleon remarked that such a result +would be a derision, if the whole power and influence of Austria were to be brought to +bear upon the Confederation, the Emperor Francis Joseph exclaimed against any such +interpretation being given to his words, his idea being that Venetia should be placed +on the same footing, in the Italian Confederation, as Luxemburg holds in the Germanic +Confederation....</p> + +<p class="note1">"In the course of conversation between the two Imperial Sovereigns, the Emperor +of Austria remarked to the Emperor of the French with many expressions of goodwill, +and of a desire to see the dynasty of the latter firmly established on the throne of France, +that His Majesty took an odd way to accomplish his end. 'Believe me,' said the Emperor +Francis Joseph, 'dynasties are not established by having recourse to such bad company +as you have chosen; revolutionists overturn, but do not construct.' The Emperor +Napoleon appears to have taken the remark in very good part, and even to have excused +himself to a certain degree, observing that it was a further reason that the Emperor +Francis Joseph should aid him in putting an end to the war, and to the revolutionary +spirit to which the war had given rise.</p> + +<p class="note1">"The Emperors having separated in the same cordial manner in which they had met, +the Emperor of the French himself drew up the preliminaries and sent them in the evening +to Verona by his cousin, the Prince Napoleon. Being introduced to the Emperor of +Austria, who received His Imperial Highness very courteously, His Majesty said, after +reading the preliminaries, that he must beg the Prince to excuse him for a short time, +as he had others to consult before signing them. He then went into an adjoining room +where, according to Prince Napoleon's account, a loud and angry discussion ensued, +in which the Prince distinguished the Emperor's voice broken by tears, as if His Majesty +had been obliged to have recourse to persuasion, to silence the opposition made to the +conditions, and it was not until some time had elapsed that His Majesty returned and +signed the paper containing them, or rather I infer that he retained the paper signed +by the Emperor Napoleon, and returned one of similar purport signed by himself; for +among all the curious circumstances connected with this transaction, not the least curious +is the fact that there does not exist any document recording the preliminaries with the +double signature of both Emperors." +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.360" id="pageiii.360"></a>[page 360]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>23rd July 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen's attention has been attracted by No. 86 (Foreign +Department) of the printed abstracts of letters received from +India, relating to the affairs of Bussahir.<sup>68</sup> She would ask +Sir C. Wood to consider, with his Council, whether means +could not be found for making acts of confiscation, sequestration, +spoliation, transfer of Government, or whatever +they may be called, dependent upon some formal and judicial +proceeding which should secure the Queen from acts being +done in her name—which might not be entirely justifiable +morally, as well as legally—which should relieve the Government +agents from the fearful responsibility of being sole +advisers on steps implying judicial condemnation without +trial on their mere personal opinion, and from which they +derive themselves additional personal advancement in power, +position, possibly emolument, etc., etc., and lastly, which +would give the people of India security that the Government +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.361" id="pageiii.361"></a>[page 361]</span> +only acts after impartial judicial investigation and the sifting +of evidence.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen would wish a report to be made to her upon +this important subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 68: Bussahir was a State in the upper course of the Sutlej. In January, the Punjab, +including the Sutlej States, had been made a distinct presidency, but Bussahir was not +finally included until 1862. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i><sup>69</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NON-INTERVENTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>21st August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends the enclosed draft to Lord John Russell; +she is very sorry that she cannot give her approval to it. +There are many points in it to which she cannot but feel the +gravest objections. It is unnecessary, however, for her to +go into these details, as it is against the principle of England +volunteering at this moment the intrusion of a scheme of +her own for the redistribution of the territories and Governments +of Northern Italy, that she must above all protest. +Moreover, a step of such importance, reversing the principle of +non-intervention, which the Queen's Government has hitherto +publicly declared and upheld, should, in the Queen's opinion, +not be brought before her without having received the fullest +deliberation and concurrence of the assembled Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 69: A month earlier, on his return from the war, the Emperor had tried to enlist British +support in his scheme for a European congress. But the Cabinet decided (24th July), +with the Queen's full concurrence, that no answer should be returned to this proposal, +till a Treaty, embodying the preliminaries of Villafranca, should have been signed. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>23rd August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your +Majesty; he begs to explain that with respect to reversing +the principle of non-intervention, he has never proposed +any such course. If intervention were to mean giving friendly +advice, or even offering mediation, your Majesty's Government +from January to May would have pursued a course of +intervention, for they were all that time advising Austria, +France, Sardinia, and Germany.</p> + +<p class="ind">If by friendly and judicious advice we can prevent a bloody +and causeless war in Italy we are bound to give such advice.</p> + +<p class="ind">If we refrain from doing so, we may ultimately be obliged +to have recourse to intervention; that is to say, we may +have to interfere against the ruthless tyranny of Austria, or +the unchained ambition of France. It is with a view to +prevent the necessity of intervention that Lord John Russell +advises friendly representations.</p> + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.362" id="pageiii.362"></a>[page 362]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">NON-INTERVENTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Aldershot</span>, <i>23rd August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">... With regard to Lord John's letter of to-day, the +Queen wishes merely to say that from the outbreak of the +war our negotiations have ceased, and that the war is not +over till the peace is concluded. Our interference before that +period may be prompted by a desire to prevent a future +war; but our first duty is not to interfere with the closing +of the present. The desire to guard Italy against "the ruthless +tyranny of Austria, and the unchained ambition of France" +may produce a state of things in Italy, forcing both to make +common cause against her, and backed by the rest of Europe +to isolate England, and making her responsible for the issue. +It will be little satisfaction then to reflect upon the fact that +our interference has been merely <i>advice</i>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FOREIGN POLICY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>23rd August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Lord John Russell has shown +him your Majesty's communication, in which your Majesty +objects to a proposed despatch to Lord Cowley, on the ground +that it would be a departure from the principle of non-intervention +which has been publicly proclaimed as the rule for +Great Britain in the late events between France and Austria. +But Viscount Palmerston would beg humbly to submit to +your Majesty that the intervention which all parties agreed +that this country ought to abstain from, was active interference +by force of arms in the war then going on, but that +neither of the great political parties meant or asserted that +this country should not interfere by its advice and opinions +in regard to the matters to which the war related. Viscount +Palmerston can assert that neither he nor any of those who +were acting with him out of office ever contemplated giving +such a meaning to the doctrine of non-intervention; and +that such a meaning never was attached to it by the Conservative +Leaders while they were in office, is proved from +one end of their Blue Book to the other.<sup>70</sup> The whole course +of the Derby Government, in regard to the matters on which +the war turned, was one uninterrupted series of interventions +by advice, by opinions, and by censure now addressed to +one party and now to another. Whatever may be thought +of the judgment which was shown by them, or of the bias +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.363" id="pageiii.363"></a>[page 363]</span> +by which they were guided, the principle on which they acted +was undoubtedly right and proper.</p> + +<p class="ind">England is one of the greatest powers of the world, no +event or series of events bearing on the balance of power, +or on probabilities of peace or war can be matters of indifference +to her, and her right to have and to express opinions +on matters thus bearing on her interests is unquestionable; +and she is equally entitled to give upon such matters any +advice which she may think useful, or to suggest any arrangements +which she may deem conducive to the general good.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is no doubt true that the Conservative Party, since +they have ceased to be responsible for the conduct of affairs, +have held a different doctrine, and in their anxiety lest the +influence of England should be exerted for the benefit of +Italy, and to the disadvantage of Austria, have contended +that any participation by Great Britain in the negotiations for +the settlement of Italy would be a departure from the principle +of non-intervention; but their own practice while in office +refutes their newly adopted doctrine in opposition; and if that +doctrine were to be admitted, Great Britain would, by her own +act, reduce herself to the rank of a third-class European State.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 70: This was the Blue Book, the production of which would, according to Lord Malmesbury, +have saved the Derby Ministry. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ITALIAN POLICY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>24th August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is really placed in a position of much difficulty, +giving her deep pain. She has been obliged to object to so +many drafts sent to her from the Foreign Office on the Italian +Question, and yet, no sooner is one withdrawn or altered, +than others are submitted exactly of the same purport or +tendency, if even couched in new words. The Queen has so +often expressed her views that she is almost reluctant to +reiterate them. She wishes, however, Lord John to re-peruse<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN AND LORD JOHN RUSSELL</span> +the two drafts enclosed, which just came to her. If they have +any meaning or object, it must be to show to France that it +would be to her interest to break in the Treaty of Zurich the +leading conditions to which she pledged herself to Austria +at Villafranca. Those preliminaries contained but three +provisions affecting Austria: (1) That Austria was to cede +Lombardy; (2) That an Italian Confederation should be encouraged, +of which Venetia was to form part; (3) That the +Dukes of Tuscany and Modena were to return to their Duchies. +The two latter clauses must be considered as compensations +for the losses inflicted in the first. Both the latter are now +to be recommended by England, a neutral in the war, to be +broken.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.364" id="pageiii.364"></a>[page 364]</span> + +<p class="ind">Now, either it is expected that our advice will not be listened +to, in which case it would not be useful and hardly dignified +to give it, or it is expected that France will follow it. If, on +finding herself cheated, Austria were to feel herself obliged +to take up arms again, we should be directly answerable for +this fresh war. What would then be our alternative? Either +to leave France in the lurch, to re-fight her own battle, which +would entail lasting danger and disgrace on this country, +or to join her in the fresh war against Austria—a misfortune +from which the Queen feels herself equally bound to protect +her country.</p> + +<p class="ind">As this is a question of principle on which she clearly understood +her Cabinet to have been unanimous, she must ask +her correspondence to be circulated amongst its members, +with a view to ascertain whether they also would be parties +to its reversal, and in order to prevent the necessity of these +frequent discussions, which, as the Queen has already said, +are very painful to her.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MEDIATION OF LORD GRANVILLE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>29th August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—In the middle of last week I received at Aldenham +a letter from Mr Sidney Herbert,<a id="footnotetagXXVIII71" name="footnotetagXXVIII71"></a><a href="#footnoteXXVIII71"><sup>71</sup></a> in which he told me that he +had just received a visit from Lord Palmerston, much perturbed +and annoyed, saying that the Queen had objected to +all Lord John's despatches, and appeared to think that it +was objectionable for England to give any advice on the subject +of Italian affairs. Mr Herbert gave some good advice +to Lord Palmerston, but, from the tone of his letter, I gather +that he thought the objections made at Osborne unreasonable. +I answered that I entirely concurred with him in the interest +of everybody, that no feelings of irritation should exist between +the Sovereign and her leading Ministers; that it was +possible that the Queen, forgetting how very sensitive Lord +John was to criticism, had pulled him up more sharply than +he liked, but that I was convinced the objections made were +not exactly those mentioned by Lord Palmerston. I heard +nothing more till I received on Saturday evening a telegram, +summoning me to a Cabinet this day. I came to Town immediately, +and saw Lord Palmerston yesterday. I enquired +the reason of the sudden summons for a Cabinet. He told +me that there had been a discussion between the Queen and +Lord John; that the Queen had objected to his (Lord John's) +proposal that the despatch of 25th July should be now communicated to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.365" id="pageiii.365"></a>[page 365]</span> +the French Government. Lord John had informed +him of the fact, and had requested him to communicate +with the Queen on the subject. Lord Palmerston then read +to me a well-written memorandum on the abstract question of +giving advice, which he had sent to Her Majesty. He told +me that he had been to Osborne; that the Queen had expressed +a wish through Sir Charles Wood that he should not +discuss the whole matter with her; that he had had a satisfactory +conversation with your Royal Highness, of which he +gave me an abstract, which, however, contained his own +arguments at greater length than your Royal Highness's. +He said that Lord John had made a mistake with respect to +the end of the despatch, in which Lord Cowley is desired to +withhold it till after the Peace of Zurich was concluded. +Lord John gave a different interpretation to it from what +appeared to be the case, as described by a previous letter of +Lord John, in which he had said that the sentence was added +at the suggestion of the Cabinet, and with his entire approval. +Lord Palmerston states that the Queen did not feel herself +authorised to sanction a departure from what had been +decided by the Cabinet, without the concurrence of the Cabinet, +and that she thought it desirable, if the Cabinet met, that +they should agree on the future policy as regards Italy. Lord +John also wished for a Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">I replied that there seemed to be a double question: first, +a difference between the Queen and Lord John Russell and +himself; and second, the whole question of our Italian Policy. +On the first point I could not but remember the apprehension +generally felt at the formation of his first Government; that +the feeling between the Sovereign and himself might not be +such as to give strength to the Government; that the result, +however, was most satisfactory. I was not aware of either +the Queen or himself having given way on any one point of +principle, but the best understanding was kept up in the most +honourable way to both, and that, at the end of his Ministry, +I knew that the Queen had expressed to several persons how +much she regretted to lose his services. That I most sincerely +hoped that there was no chance of misunderstanding now +arising; that would be most disadvantageous to the Sovereign, +to the public service, to the Government, and, above +all, to himself. He interrupted me by assuring me that there +was not the slightest chance of this. He repeated to me +flattering things said by the Queen at the close of his last +Administration, and told me that it was impossible for the +Queen to have been more kind and civil than at his visit last +week at Osborne. I continued that in Italian matters I +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.366" id="pageiii.366"></a>[page 366]</span> +believed the Cabinet was agreed. Our language to Italian +Governments ought to show sympathy with Italy, and let +them know that we were anxious that they should be left +free to act and decide for themselves; that it should inform +them in the clearest manner that in no case were they to obtain +active assistance from us, and it ought to avoid giving any +advice as to their conduct, which might make us responsible +for the evil or danger which might accrue from following +such advice. That our language to France and Austria ought +to press upon them in every <i>judicious</i> manner the expediency +of doing that which was likely to secure the permanent happiness +of Italy, and to persuade them to abstain from forcing +upon the Italians, persons and forms of Government to which +they objected; nothing like a menace or a promise to be +used....</p> + +<p class="ind">I then saw Sidney Herbert, who told me that Charles +Wood's report had entirely changed the aspect of things; +that it was clear that the Queen had come to the assistance +of the Cabinet, instead of opposing them; that reason had +been entirely on her side, and that Johnny had reduced the +question now to the single point, which was not of much +importance, whether the 25th July despatch should now be +communicated or not. He told me that Lord John was in a +state of great irritation, and ready to kick over the traces. +I dined at Lord Palmerston's, and met Sir Charles Wood and +Mr Gladstone. I had some guarded conversation with the +latter, who seemed very reasonable. Sir Charles Wood gave +me all the information which I required. It appears to me +that the really important point is that the whole Cabinet +should know the real question between the Queen and her +Ministers, and that, if Lord John can find plausible reasons +for changing the date of the communication of the despatch, +it may be better for the Queen to consent to this. Some of +us will take care to have a decided opinion about the future +course of our policy.</p> + +<p class="ind">I presume Sir George Grey will be at the Cabinet, and will +be able to report to your Royal Highness what has passed. +If he is not there, I will write again. I have the honour to be, +Sir, with great respect, your Royal Highness's obedient, +humble, and faithful Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Granville</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXVIII71" name="footnoteXXVIII71"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXVIII71">Footnote 71:</a> See Lord Fitzmaurice's <i>Life of Lord Granville</i>, vol. i. chap. xiii. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S POSITION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Privy Council Office</span>, <i>29th August 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—The Cabinet was very satisfactory. Lord John +looked ill, and evidently ashamed of much of his case. Many +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.367" id="pageiii.367"></a>[page 367]</span> +of the Cabinet thought that the despatch of 25th July had +not only been sent but communicated. Others attached a +different meaning to the closing paragraph than what it +appears to bear. Lord John produced a most objectionable +draft of despatch in lieu of that of the 25th. It was universally +condemned, and Lord Palmerston was empowered to +tell the Queen that the Cabinet now thought that the despatch +of the 25th might be communicated.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lords Palmerston and John Russell asked for further +powers during the Recess, and recommended that we should +give an opinion in favour of annexation of duchies to Sardinia. +This was decidedly objected to, and we all professed our readiness +to meet again if necessary.<sup>72</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The Cabinet thoroughly understood what had passed +between the Queen and her two Ministers, although we could +not get Lord John to show us all we required.</p> + +<p class="ind">Gladstone took me aside after it was over to say that I +must have thought him stupid yesterday evening, that now +he knew the facts he thought Her Majesty had been put to +most unnecessary annoyance. The Chancellor said something +of the same sort. I never saw the Cabinet more united.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Argyll, Lord Elgin, and Mr Cardwell were +absent. I am, Sir, with great respect, your obedient, humble, +and faithful Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Granville</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 72: "Pam. asked for fuller powers to act during the recess, which was met by a general +assurance of readiness to come up by night trains." Lord Granville to the Duke of +Argyll. See the <i>Life of Lord Granville</i>, vol. i. p. 358. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SARDINIA AND CENTRAL ITALY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>5th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell will not be surprised if the despatches +of Lord Cowley and drafts by Lord John in answer to them, +which the Queen returns to him, have given her much pain. +Here we have the very interference with advice to which +the Queen had objected when officially brought before her for +her sanction, to which the Cabinet objected, and which Lord +John Russell agreed to withdraw, carried on by direct communication +of the Prime Minister through the French Ambassador +with the Emperor; and we have the very effect +produced which the Queen dreaded, viz. the French Minister +insinuating that we called upon his master to do that which +he would consider so dishonourable that he would rather +resign than be a party to it! What is the use of the Queen's +open and, she fears, sometimes wearisome correspondence, +with her Ministers, what the use of long deliberations of the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.368" id="pageiii.368"></a>[page 368]</span> +Cabinet, if the very policy can be carried out by indirect +means which is set aside officially, and what protection has +the Queen against this practice? Lord John Russell's +distinction also between his own official and private opinion +or advice given to a Foreign Minister is a most dangerous, +and, the Queen thinks, untenable theory, open to the same +objections, for what he states will have the weight of the +official character of the Foreign Secretary, whether stated as +his private or his public opinion. His advice to the Marquis +d'Azeglio<sup>73</sup> is moreover quite open to the inference drawn +by Count Walewski, that it is an encouragement to <i>Sardinia</i>, +to Military intervention in and occupation of the Duchies, +and Lord John Russell's answer hardly meets this point if +left as it stands at present; for "the <i>name</i> of the King of +Sardinia,... <i>the chief of a well-disciplined army</i>," will have +little influence unless he is prepared to use that army.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must ask Lord John to instruct Lord Cowley +to state to Count Walewski that no opinions expressed on +Foreign Policy are those of "Her Majesty's Government" +but those which are given in the official and regular way, and +that Her Majesty's Government never thought of advising +the French Government to break the solemn engagements +into which the Emperor Napoleon entered towards the +Emperor of Austria at Villafranca.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen asks Lord John to communicate this letter to +Lord Palmerston.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 73: Massimo d'Azeglio, Sardinian Commissioner in the Romagna. He had been Prime +Minister of Sardinia from 1849 till 1852, when Cavour, who had been in his ministry, +succeeded him. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ENGLAND INVOLVED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>6th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns Lord Palmerston's letter, together with +the other papers sent to her, to Lord John. She is glad to +find that he thinks that no answer ought to be given to Count +Persigny, but she thinks it important that it should be <i>stated +to him that no answer can be given</i>. Unfortunately, here has +been again the Prime Minister declaring that he <i>quite agrees</i> +with the French Ambassador, but that the proposal should +come officially from France to be placed before the Cabinet. +The inference must be that the Cabinet and the Queen will, +as a matter of course, agree also, when it is so submitted. +Now what is it that Lord Palmerston has approved? A +plan for an alliance of England with France for the purpose +of <i>overruling</i> Austria, if the Duchies in which she is the heir, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.369" id="pageiii.369"></a>[page 369]</span> +and to which the Archdukes were to return in accordance +with the stipulations of Villafranca, were given to Sardinia +and Austria should object. It is hoped indeed that this will +not immediately lead to war with her, but France is to expect +that she will not be left to fight single-handed for an object +declared to be more English than French! Thus we are +dragged step by step into the position of a party in the Italian +strife. The Queen thinks it incumbent upon her not to leave +Lord John Russell in ignorance of the fact that <i>she</i> could +not approve such a policy reversing our whole position since +the commencement of the War.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must leave it to Lord John to consider how far +it would be fair to his colleagues in the Cabinet to leave them +unacquainted with the various private steps lately taken, +which must seriously affect their free consideration of the +important question upon which they have hitherto pledged +themselves to a distinct principle.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>6th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns to Lord Palmerston his correspondence +with M. de Persigny. Lord John Russell will have sent him +her letter to him on this subject. She has nothing to add, +but to repeat her conviction of the great danger and inconvenience +arising out of such private communications, and +the apprehension she must naturally feel that the attempt +to convince the Emperor Napoleon that it would be for his +interest to break his word to the Emperor of Austria should +reflect upon the honour of the Queen's Government. She +must insist upon this being distinctly guarded against.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL'S CRITICISMS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Abergeldie</span>, <i>7th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your +Majesty; he cannot refrain from making some remarks on +your Majesty's letter of yesterday.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston appears to have answered M. de Persigny +by saying that he personally agreed with him, but that the +proposition he had sketched must come from the French +Government; that it must come from them officially, and it +would then have to be maturely considered by the Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell sees nothing to object to in this language. +It might be embarrassing to Lord Palmerston if such a proposition +were to come from France, and were to be rejected +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.370" id="pageiii.370"></a>[page 370]</span> +by the Cabinet. But Lord Palmerston could easily explain +the matter to M. de Persigny. Lord Palmerston does not +appear to have committed your Majesty, or Lord John +Russell, or the Cabinet in any way.</p> + +<p class="ind">On the other hand, your Majesty cannot mean that the +Cabinet is to be precluded from maturely considering any +proposition which may come officially from France.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell feels, on his own part, that he must +offer to your Majesty such advice as he thinks best adapted +to secure the interests and dignity of your Majesty and the +country. He will be held by Parliament responsible for that +advice. It will be always in your Majesty's power to reject +it altogether.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell is of opinion that there never was a +time when it was less expedient to fetter this country by prospective +engagements. But it does not follow that the policy +pursued last autumn and winter, and which ended in a war +in Italy, would be the best course in any future contingency. +Should another war arise it will be very difficult for Great +Britain to remain neutral. For this reason it is desirable to +prevent such a war, if possible. It was difficult last winter, +and may be still more difficult this winter. For the present +there is no better course than to keep this country free from +engagements. After the peace of Zurich is made, or not +made, we shall see our way better.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell has never concealed his opinions from +his colleagues. He even warned them that France might +make such a proposition as M. de Persigny now contemplates.</p> + +<p class="ind">The enclosed letter from Lord Palmerston and Mr Fane's<sup>74</sup> +despatch will show the feelings which exist between Austria +and Prussia. The Emperor Napoleon does not appear to +have satisfied Prince Metternich. His object evidently is +to gain time.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 74: Julian Henry Fane, son of the eleventh Earl of Westmorland, and Secretary of +Embassy at Vienna. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>7th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter. She +can ask for nothing better than "that we should be kept +from any engagements," and she never could have intended +to convey the impression that she wished to "see the Cabinet +precluded from taking into consideration any proposal France +might make." What she objects to is binding beforehand +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.371" id="pageiii.371"></a>[page 371]</span> +the Government by expressions of opinion of its leading +members to the French Government, and thus <i>bringing about</i> +those French proposals which it will be most embarrassing to +the Cabinet either to reject or adopt. It is absolutely necessary, +therefore, that the French Government should be told +that the opinions given were private opinions not binding the +Government. Lord John has not yet sent to the Queen +drafts in conformity with her wishes expressed in her letter +of the day before yesterday.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTERS TO FOREIGN SOVEREIGNS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>9th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has had the honour to receive your Majesty's +communication of the 6th of this month; and although he +had the honour of addressing your Majesty yesterday afternoon, +he deems it his duty to submit some observations upon +this communication.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty states that Viscount Palmerston in his letter +to Count Persigny endeavoured to persuade the Emperor +of the French to break his word to the Emperor of Austria, +but Viscount Palmerston must beg very respectfully but +entirely to deny that accusation....<sup>75</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty is pleased to observe upon the danger and +inconvenience of private communications with Foreign Ministers, +and to add that your Majesty must insist upon this being +distinctly guarded against. Viscount [Palmerston] would +be very desirous of knowing the precise meaning of those last +words. If your Majesty means that what is to be guarded +against is any attempt to induce a Foreign Sovereign to +break his word, Viscount Palmerston cordially subscribes +to that opinion, and maintains that he has not done so in the +past, and declares that he has no intention of doing so in +the future. But if your Majesty's meaning is that Viscount +Palmerston is to be debarred from communicating with Foreign +Ministers except for the purpose of informing them officially +of formal decisions of the British Government, Viscount +Palmerston would beg humbly and respectfully to represent +to your Majesty that such a curtailment of the proper and +constitutional functions of the office which he holds would +render it impossible for him to serve your Majesty consistently +with his own honour or with advantage to the public interest.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 75: Lord Palmerston then gives a very long and detailed account of his position. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.372" id="pageiii.372"></a>[page 372]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S OPINION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>11th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston has written (on the 8th) a long letter +to the Queen, which, besides giving his private opinion on +the politics of Italy, which were not disputed, purports to +show that when a principle of policy had been adopted by +the Cabinet and sanctioned by the Sovereign, the Foreign +Secretary ought not to be impeded in carrying out the details, +either by objections raised to them by the Sovereign, or by +making them dependent on the meetings of Cabinets, difficult +to obtain at this time of year. Now the question raised by +the Queen was <i>just the reverse</i>. The principle adopted by the +Cabinet and sanctioned by the Queen was: not to interfere +by active advice with the peace to be made at Zurich; the +Foreign Secretary had submitted a draft which had appeared +to the Queen to be in contradiction to this principle, which, +upon the Sovereign's objection, he withdrew; the Cabinet +was summoned and rejected a similar draft submitted to them, +and the Queen then complained that the very same advice +should have been given by the Prime Minister in an indirect +way to which the Sovereign and Cabinet could not agree +openly. Lord Palmerston's letter was not communicated +to the Queen until it had been alluded to in a public despatch, +and Count Walewski had insinuated to our Ambassador that, +rather than be a party to a line of conduct, which he would +look upon as dishonourable for his master, he would resign +office. What the Queen has asked for is: an intimation to +the French Government that private communications like +that of Lord Palmerston to M. de Persigny must not be looked +upon as the official expression of the opinion of Her Majesty's +Government, and that we disclaim ever having intended to +induce the Emperor to break his engagements made at Villafranca, +whatever they may have been. The Queen does not +conceive that Lord Palmerston can object to this course, +nor does he attempt to do so in his letter.</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>P.S.</i>—Since writing the above the Queen has received +Lord Palmerston's letter of the 9th. As she has just written +at length, she does not conceive that it would be necessary +to make any further observations in reply, except to a distinct +question put by him in the latter part of his letter, viz. +what the Queen wishes to have "distinctly guarded against."</p> + +<p class="ind">It is the danger and inconvenience of private communications +with Foreign Ministers, without a distinct understanding +that they are strictly private, and not to be treated as conveying +the opinions of Her Majesty's Government, where the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.373" id="pageiii.373"></a>[page 373]</span> +sanction of the Crown and adhesion of the Cabinet have not +been obtained. Lord John Russell has now expressed this +in a paragraph in one of his drafts to Lord Cowley, which he +will send to Lord Palmerston.</p> + +<p class="ind">As a proof of the necessity of such caution, the Queen, +has only to refer to the public use made of Lord Palmerston's +private letter to Count Persigny, and the use made to our +prejudice by the Emperor Napoleon at the time of the armistice +at Villafranca of a private communication with Count Persigny, +which was represented to imply assent to certain conditions +of peace by England, with a desire of pressing them on Austria, +when no opinion had been expressed by the Government to +justify such an inference.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duke of Newcastle to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ST JUAN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>26th September 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Newcastle presents his humble duty to your +Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty will receive from Sir George Lewis full information +of the serious intelligence which has been received +to-day from Washington and Vancouver Island respecting +the Military occupation by United States troops of the island +of St Juan,<sup>76</sup> and of the view taken of it by your Majesty's +Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Newcastle begs leave to receive your Majesty's +instructions upon the acceptance of an offer made by Lord +Clarendon whilst on a visit at Clumber last week. Lord +Clarendon received not long ago a private letter from the +President of the United States. He proposes that in answering +this letter he should express his concern at these untoward +events, and particularly at their occurrence at a time when, +if not speedily settled, they would prevent the fulfilment +of a project which he had reason to think had been in contemplation—a +visit to Washington by the Prince of Wales on +his return from Canada.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon expresses his belief that nothing would +so much gratify Mr Buchanan as a visit from His Royal Highness +to the United States during his Presidency....</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston and Lord John Russell see no objection +to such a letter from Lord Clarendon, which, whilst it would +carry weight as coming from one occupying so high a position +in this country, would bear no official character; but as the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.374" id="pageiii.374"></a>[page 374]</span> +name of the Prince of Wales would be used, however hypothetically, +such a letter would not be written by Lord Clarendon +or accepted by the Government without your Majesty's +sanction.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Duke of Newcastle therefore requests to be favoured +with your Majesty's commands that he may communicate +them to Lord Clarendon.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 76: A dispute had arisen out of the Oregon affair (see <i>ante</i>, vol. ii. pp. <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30" style="font-weight: normal;">30</a> and <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72" style="font-weight: normal;">72</a>), concerning +the rival claims of this country and the United States to the small island of St +Juan, situated between Vancouver Island and the State of Washington, which is adjacent +to the Canadian frontier. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i><sup>77</sup></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>1st December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns Lord Cowley's interesting letter. She +trusts that it will be made quite clear to the Emperor that +he has no chance of getting us to join him in the war with +Austria, which he may be tempted or driven to renew. This +alternative constantly recurs to his mind....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 77: On the 10th of November the Treaty of Zurich, embodying the terms arranged at +Villafranca, had been signed, and a Congress was determined upon, to settle Italian +affairs. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ENGLAND AND FRANCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>1st December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he has written to Lord Cowley, according to your Majesty's +gracious permission. The question of supporting the Emperor +of the French, if Austria should attempt force to impose a +government in Italy against the popular will, must be judged +of according to the circumstances, should they arise. Lord +John Russell is certainly not prepared to say that a case +may not arise when the interests of Great Britain might +require that she should give material support to the Emperor +of the French. But he considers such a case as very improbable, +and that the fear of such an alliance will prevent +Austria from disturbing the peace of Europe.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>2nd December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen was extremely sorry to find from Lord John +Russell's letter of yesterday that he contemplates the possibility +of our joining France in a fresh Italian war or demonstration +of war against Austria, which the Queen had put +entirely out of the question. If the Emperor of the French +were allowed to believe in such a possibility, he would have +it in his power to bring it about, or obtain a just cause of +complaint against us, if we abandoned him. It would be +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.375" id="pageiii.375"></a>[page 375]</span> +just as dangerous and unfair towards the Emperor to mislead +him in this respect as it would be for the Queen to conceal +from Lord John that under no pretence will she depart from +her position of neutrality in the Italian quarrel, and inflict +upon her country and Europe the calamity of war on that +account.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SIR JAMES HUDSON</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>6th December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter recommending +Sir James Hudson<sup>78</sup> as the Second Representative +at the Congress of Paris. The Queen must decline sanctioning +this selection. Lord John Russell has in his last letters +avowed his conviction that England cannot again remain +neutral in an Italian war, and his opinion that she ought to +support France and Sardinia by arms if Austria were to +attempt to recover her supremacy by force. Lord Cowley +wrote on the 29th ult. that Prince Metternich declared that +Austria kept her Army ready because she could not permit +either the military occupation of the Duchies by Sardinia +or their annexation to that kingdom. Lord Palmerston sent +to the Queen yesterday evening the copy of a letter he wrote +to Count Persigny urging the Emperor Napoleon by every +argument he can find to consent to this annexation, even to +the length of assuring him that such a state would always +be obliged to lean on France.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen cannot help drawing her conclusions from these +facts, and feels more than ever the great responsibility resting +on her, to preserve to her people the blessings of peace. She +wishes this letter to be communicated to Lord Palmerston +and to the Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves of Lord Cowley as her First Representative +at the Congress.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 78: Sir James Hudson, Minister at Turin, had been a sympathiser in the policy of Cavour, +to an extent almost incompatible with his position as a British representative. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CENTRAL ITALY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>7th December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter of yesterday. +Although to avoid a long written discussion, she has +not in her last letter stated any reason for her objecting to +Sir James Hudson as Plenipotentiary at the Congress, she +has no objection to state to Lord John that it is simply her +want of confidence in him, being the result of her having +watched his conduct at his post at Turin during these last +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.376" id="pageiii.376"></a>[page 376]</span> +years. The Queen's representative at Paris ought to be a +person in whom she can have entire confidence, that <i>English</i> +interests alone will sway his conduct. From Lord John +Russell's letter it appears that many of his colleagues in +Cabinet saw equal objections to the appointment.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen repeats her wish that her letter of yesterday +may be communicated to the Cabinet.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Cowley's letter, which she returns, is not calculated +to diminish the Queen's alarm as to the direction in which +we are being systematically driven, viz. <i>War</i> to support the +Emperor Napoleon, who almost claims such support already +as his right! He has already shifted his ground further, +and asks for it in case Austria should oppose "the armed +interference of Sardinia in the affairs of Central Italy." Now +Sardinia can have no more right to such interference than +Austria; yet the Emperor says "he is quite determined to +renew the war in case Austria resists." It is under these +circumstances that the advice of the Prime Minister of England +to the Emperor, to withdraw the only impediment which +restrains the action of Sardinia, becomes a matter of such +grave moment.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is determined to hold to her neutrality in the +Italian intrigues, revolutions, and wars. It is true, Lord +John says, "it becomes a great power like Great Britain +to preserve the peace of Europe, by throwing her great weight +into the scale which has justice on its side." But where +justice lies, admits of every variety of opinion.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Party placed in absolute power by a revolution and +a foreign invasion is not necessarily the exponent of the real +wishes of a people, and Lord Cowley reports Mr Layard "hot +from Italy to confirm him in the opinion he has always held, +that the annexation of Tuscany to Sardinia is not practicable." +This, however, Lord Palmerston urges, and if it be agreed +to by the Emperor and attempted by Sardinia, Lord John +would probably wish England to fight for it as the cause of +justice.</p> + +<p class="ind">Has Lord John ever contemplated the probability of Austria +not being abandoned a second time by Germany, when attacked +by France? The Emperor is sure to have calculated +upon this, and has not played his game badly, if he can get +the Alliance of England to sanction and foster his attack upon +the Rhine, which would inevitably follow. The Queen believes +this to be a cherished object of France, and the success +certain if we become her dupes. The Queen can hardly +for a moment bring herself to think of the consequences.</p> + +<p class="ind">She would wish this letter also to be shown to the Cabinet.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.377" id="pageiii.377"></a>[page 377]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MEETING OF THE CABINET</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">London</span>, <i>8th December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—Lord John stated in what appeared to me a very fair +way what had taken place between himself and Lord Palmerston +in their communications with Her Majesty, and read Her +Majesty's letters. At the end of his statement the Chancellor +asked what was the question to be decided by the Cabinet. +Lord John answered that he wished to know whether he was +to inform Her Majesty that the Cabinet were of opinion that +they were still respectfully of opinion that Sir James Hudson +was the fittest person to be named Second Plenipotentiary, or +whether he should acquiesce in Her Majesty's commands, +reserving his own opinion as to the fitness of Sir James. The +Chancellor answered: "Undoubtedly the second course will +be the best." I then stated my reasons, or rather repeated +them, for objecting to Sir James Hudson. Mr Gladstone +made a hesitating remark. Sir G. Lewis and the Duke of +Argyll, Sir Charles Wood, and Sir George Grey—the latter +very strongly—supported the second course proposed by Lord +John. Lord Palmerston spoke with some temper and dogmatically +as to who were right and who were wrong, but +advised Lord John to take the second course. The appointment +of Lord Wodehouse<sup>79</sup> was proposed. Some of us do not +think it a very good one, but there are no sufficient grounds for +our opposing it. I am not sure that Gladstone would not go +any lengths in supporting Lords Palmerston and John Russell +on the Italian Question, although he is more cautious than +they are. The feeling of the rest of the Cabinet, as far as I +can judge, is perfectly sound about war, and on our taking +an English and not a purely Sardinian attitude; but they +are all inclined to sympathise with the national feeling in +Italy, and averse to the restoration of the Dukes by force or +by intrigue.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John was sore and nervous, but talked of his letter to +the Queen, and Lord Palmerston's to Persigny, as "unlucky." +Lord Palmerston seems convinced that he is perfectly in +the right, and everybody else in the wrong, and would, I +am sure, take advantage of any step, taken without sufficient +consideration by the Queen, to make a stand for his own +policy....</p> + +<p class="ind">I have the honour to be, Sir, with great respect, your Royal +Highness's obedient and faithful Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Granville</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 79: Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and afterwards, as Earl of Kimberley, +a member of successive Liberal Cabinets. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.378" id="pageiii.378"></a>[page 378]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Lord Chancellor</i> (<i>Lord Campbell</i>).</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DIVORCE CASES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th December 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes to ask the Lord Chancellor whether no +steps can be taken to prevent the present publicity of the +proceedings before the new Divorce Court. These cases, which +must necessarily increase when the new law becomes more and +more known, fill now almost daily a large portion of the newspapers, +and are of so scandalous a character that it makes it +almost impossible for a paper to be trusted in the hands of +a young lady or boy. None of the worst French novels from +which careful parents would try to protect their children +can be as bad as what is daily brought and laid upon the +breakfast-table of every educated family in England, and its +effect must be most pernicious to the public morals of the +country.<sup>80</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1">Footnote 80: Lord Campbell replied that having attempted in the last session to introduce a +measure to give effect to the Queen's wish, and having been defeated, he was helpless to +prevent the evil. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>le 31 Décembre 1859</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et mon cher Frère</span>,—Je viens comme de coutume +offrir à votre Majesté nos félicitations bien sincères à l'occasion +de la nouvelle année. Puisse-t-elle ne vous apporter que du +bonheur et du contentement! L'année qui vient de s'écouler +a été orageuse et pénible et a fait souffrir bien des cœrs. Je +prie Dieu que celle dans laquelle nous entrons nous permette +de voir s'accomplir l'œuvre de la pacification, avec tous ses +bienfaits pour le repos et le progrès du monde. Il y aura encore +à réconcilier bien des opinions divergentes et des intérêts +apparemment opposés; mais avec l'aide du Ciel et une ferme +résolution de ne vouloir que le bien de ceux dont nous avons à +régler le sort, il ne faut pas en désespérer.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nous avons eu le plaisir de posséder pendant quelques +semaines notre chère fille et son mari, qu'il nous a été bien +doux de revoir au sein de notre famille. Notre fils aîné passe +ses vacances avec nous, mais retournera prochainement à +Oxford pour reprendre ses études.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lady Ely vient de nous dire qu'elle a trouvé votre Majesté +ainsi que l'Impératrice et le petit Prince dans la meilleure +santé ce qui nous a fait bien du plaisir d'entendre.</p> + +<p class="ind">Le Prince me charge d'offrir ses hommages les plus affectueux +à votre Majesté, et, en vous renouvelant les expressions de ma +sincère amitié, je me dis, Sire et cher Frère, de V.M.I, la bonne +et affectionnée Sœur et Amie,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria</span> R.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.379" id="pageiii.379"></a>[page 379]</span> + + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXIX</h3> + + +<p>At the end of 1859, Mr Cobden had offered his services to the +Government to negotiate a commercial treaty with France, and +had been warmly encouraged in the scheme by Mr Gladstone. In +January 1860, he was officially appointed a Plenipotentiary, with +Lord Cowley, for this purpose, and on the 23rd of that month the +treaty was signed. It included mutual remissions and reductions +of import duties, and was contingent on obtaining the assent of the +British Parliament, but neither party was fettered by any engagement +not to extend similar concessions to other countries. In +February, on the introduction of the Budget, the treaty was brought +before the House of Commons, and ratified by a great majority; +at the same time Mr Gladstone abolished a large number of import +duties, but increased the income-tax for incomes over £150, from +ninepence to tenpence in the pound. His proposal to repeal the paper +duties was rejected by the Peers, the majority in its favour in the +Commons having sunk to nine. A Commons Committee was appointed +to deal with this conflict between the Houses, and resolutions +defining the powers of the Peers in money bills were passed by the +Lower House, Lord Palmerston clearly showing himself in sympathy +with the Lords. Mr Gladstone expressed a desire to resign, in +consequence of his difference with his colleagues, while Lord Derby +and Lord Malmesbury intimated privately that they would support +Lord Palmerston in office against any Radical secession. A Reform +Bill of Lord John Russell, reducing the Borough Franchise to £6, +and making a moderate redistribution of seats, was received with +indifference, and eventually dropped.</p> + +<p>Italian affairs mainly absorbed the attention of the country. The +intended international congress was abandoned, owing to the attitude +adopted by the French Emperor towards the Pope, but the former now +obtained the annexation of Savoy and Nice, not, as had been arranged +in 1858 as a reward for assisting to set Italy free "from the +Alps to the Adriatic"—an ideal which had not been realised—but +as a price for assisting Piedmont to incorporate the Central Italian +Provinces. The annexation was strongly resented, and suspicions +of French designs were aroused to such an extent as to give a substantial +impetus to the Volunteer movement in this country. By +the summer, 130,000 Volunteers had been enrolled, and, at a review +in Hyde Park, 21,000 men marched past the Queen, while in August, +in consequence of the same apprehensions, it was decided by a large +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.380" id="pageiii.380"></a>[page 380]</span> +vote to carry out the recommendations of the National Defence +Commission.</p> + +<p>The Swiss made an ineffectual protest against the annexation of +that part of Savoy which had been neutralised by the treaty of Vienna, +while, on the other hand, the Emperor Napoleon maintained that +the people of Savoy and Nice had the same right to transfer their +country to France, as Tuscany and the Æmilia (under which name +the Duchies of Parma and Modena and the Romagna were now +united) had to place themselves under the King of Sardinia. This +they decided in March, by universal suffrage, to do; a few days later +the treaty for the annexation of Savoy and Nice was signed, and in +April it was ratified in the Piedmontese Parliament, Garibaldi, the +deputy for Nice, his native town, voting against it. In the same +month, a <i>plébiscite</i>, taken in the provinces affected, showed an +immense majority in favour of annexation. Garibaldi himself was +soon afterwards engaged in rendering assistance to the Sicilians in +their insurrection against the despotic King Francis II. Assuming +the title of "Dictator of Sicily, in the name of Victor Emmanuel," +Garibaldi attacked and occupied Palermo, and having established +his ascendency in the island, invaded the Neapolitan territory on the +mainland. The Sardinian Government, for diplomatic reasons, +disavowed the expedition, but gave a retrospective assent to it later +in the year.</p> + +<p>The French Emperor's policy in Syria added to the distrust with +which he was regarded. The Maronites, a Christian tribe, had been +attacked and massacred by the Druses, and the Emperor had proposed +to send troops to restore order. This step was eventually +taken, after a European conference had been held; but the Emperor's +proposal was so severely criticised that he wrote a long letter to the +French Ambassador in London, reviewing and justifying his policy +in Italy and elsewhere, since the Peace of Villafranca.</p> + +<p>Garibaldi had ignored the instructions of Victor Emmanuel to +abstain from further operations against Naples, until the two Sicilies +had voted for absorption into United Italy; King Francis fled to +Gaëta, and Garibaldi entered the capital. At the same time, +Cavour, in spite of a French protest, determined upon the invasion +of the Papal States, and acted so promptly that in three weeks all +effective opposition to the Italian cause in that territory was put +down, and Umbria and the Marches were conquered. In October, +the Piedmontese Parliament voted for the annexation of such of the +southern Italian provinces as should declare themselves in favour +of it; the Two Sicilies having accepted the offer by overwhelming +majorities, the King and Garibaldi joined hands at Teano, and +finally defeated the Bourbon army, afterwards entering Naples. +The Marches and Umbria also declared for incorporation in the new +Kingdom.</p> + +<p>In July, the Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Duke of Newcastle, +left England for a tour in Canada, where he was welcomed with +unbounded enthusiasm; he afterwards proceeded to the United +States, visiting New York, Chicago, and other great cities, being +received by President Buchanan at Washington. The Prince returned +home in the course of November.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.381" id="pageiii.381"></a>[page 381]</span> + +<p>The Abolitionist troubles, which for some time had been acute +in the States, came to a crisis in the last days of the year, South +Carolina adopting autonomous ordinances, declaring her own independence +and sovereignty as a State, and her secession from the +Union.</p> + +<p>The refusal of the Chinese Government to ratify the Treaty of +Tien-tsin, and an unwarranted attack on certain British ships, led +to a revival of hostilities. A desire being expressed by the Chinese +to resume negotiations, some of the British representatives despatched +for that purpose were treacherously captured, and treated with great +cruelty. The allied troops of England and France thereupon, +marched to Pekin, when reparation was made, and retribution, +exacted for the outrages. A Convention was eventually signed on +the 24th of October.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.382" id="pageiii.382"></a>[page 382]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXIX</h2> + +<h5>1860</h5> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>6th January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—I have to thank you for a <i>most +affectionate</i> and gracious letter of the 3rd....</p> + +<p class="ind">I will speak to my pianist about Wagner's <i>Lohengrin</i>; he +plays with great taste and feeling, and I purchased a fine +Parisian piano to enable him to go on satisfactorily.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now I must speak a little of passing events. Louis Napoleon +wished for a Congress because it would have placed a +new authority between himself and the Italians, whom he +fears evidently concerning their fondness of assassinating +people. The pamphlet, "The Pope and the Congress," +remains <i>incomprehensible</i><sup>1</sup>; it will do him much harm, +and will deprive him of the confidence of the Catholics +who have been in France his most devoted supporters. Now +the Congress is then postponed, but what is to be done with +Italy? One notion is, that there would be some arrangement +by which Piedmont would receive more, Savoy would go to +France, and England would receive Sardinia. I am sure +that England would by no means wish to have Sardinia. It +will give me great pleasure to hear what Lord Cowley has +reported on these subjects. I understand that Louis Napoleon +is now much occupied with Germany, and studies its resources. +This is somewhat alarming, as he had followed, it seems, the +same course about Italy. <i>Gare la bombe</i>, the Prussians may say. +One cannot understand why Louis Napoleon is using so many +odd subterfuges when plain acting would from the month of +September have settled everything. I must say that I found +Walewski at that time very sensible and conservative. His +retiring will give the impression that things are now to be +carried on in a less conservative way, and people will be much +alarmed. I know Thouvenel, and liked him, but that was in +the poor King's time. In England his nomination will not give +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.383" id="pageiii.383"></a>[page 383]</span> +much pleasure, I should imagine, as he was in the situation +to oppose English notions in the Orient.... Your devoted +Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: This famous pamphlet, issued (like that of February 1859, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.313" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 313</a>, note 7) under +the nominal authorship of M. de la Guéronnière, expounded the Emperor's view that the +Pope should be deprived of his temporal dominions, Rome excepted. Its publication +brought about the resignation of Count Walewski (who was succeeded by M. de Thouvenel) +and the abandonment of the proposed Congress. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter, written +after the Cabinet yesterday evening. She was much relieved +by finding a proposal to call upon France and Austria not to +interfere in Italy substituted for the former one implying war +on our part for the defence of the Provisional Governments +of Central Italy. The Queen must consider this new proposal, +however, as partial and incomplete as long as Sardinia is not +asked as well to abstain from interference. Austria has +reversionary rights in Tuscany and Modena, Sardinia has no +rights at all, if a desire for acquisition is not to be considered +as one. Austria will probably say she has no intention of +interfering as long as Sardinia does not, but she cannot allow +Sardinia to possess herself of her inheritance under her very +eyes. It is also incorrect to place France and Austria entirely +in the same line; Austria being an Italian power in virtue of +Venetia, and France having nothing whatever to do in Italy.</p> + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WHIG TRADITIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>11th January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he has just had the honour to receive your Majesty's letter of +this date.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell has sent to Lord Palmerston the proposal +he humbly submits to your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">He will therefore only venture to say that the doctrines of +the Revolution of 1688, doctrines which were supported by +Mr Fox, Mr Pitt, the Duke of Wellington, Lord Castlereagh, +Mr Canning, and Lord Grey, can hardly be abandoned in these +days by your Majesty's present advisers. According to those +doctrines, all power held by Sovereigns may be forfeited by +misconduct, and each nation is the judge of its own internal +government.<sup>2</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell can hardly be expected to abjure those +opinions, or to act in opposition to them.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 2: In a despatch of the 27th of October, Lord John took the same ground in the case +of Naples. After quoting with approval the view taken by Vattel of the lawfulness of +the assistance given by the United Provinces to the Prince of Orange, and his conclusion +that it is justifiable to assist patriots revolting against an oppressor for "good reasons," +he stated that the question was whether the people of Naples and of the Roman States +took up arms against their Government for good reasons; and of this matter, he added, +the people themselves were the best judges. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.384" id="pageiii.384"></a>[page 384]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's note of this +day, in which she is not able to find any answer to her letter, +or even an allusion to what she had written, viz. that Austria +and France being asked to abstain from interference, such an +arrangement would be partial and incomplete unless Sardinia +was pledged also to non-interference. The Queen cannot make +out what the doctrines of the Revolution of 1688 can have to +do with this, or how it would necessitate Lord John to abjure +them.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AFFAIRS OF ITALY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>17th January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—Your dear letter of the 13th reached +me on Saturday, and I at once forwarded your letter to good +and faithful Clark, who was for <i>two</i> months unable to attend +us from a severe attack of illness, but who is, I am happy to +say, much better, indeed his own good self again, and who is +now <i>here</i>.<sup>3</sup> This good account you give us of your precious +health makes us truly happy. It is such a blessing.</p> + +<p class="ind">Affairs are in a sad and complicated state, and though we +modify matters as much as we <i>can</i>, we can't entirely keep our +Ministers (<i>the two</i>) from doing <i>something</i>. You will hear no +doubt of the last proposal soon, viz. that France and Austria +should <i>both</i> agree <i>not</i> to interfere in Italy—France withdrawing +her troops from Rome, and Sardinia to be asked not +to send any troops into the Duchies until there has been a +<i>final vote</i> expressive of their wishes. We could <i>not prevent</i> +this <i>proposal</i>, which I doubt being accepted—as the rest of the +Cabinet thought it could <i>not</i> be opposed, and entailed <i>no</i> +material <i>support</i>. This country <i>never</i> would consent to be +entangled in a <i>war</i> for this Italian quarrel....</p> + +<p class="ind">We have a large party again to-day for the <i>Play</i> which we +have to-morrow. We had a very successful one last week. +The Persignys come to-day.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now I must end. With Albert's love, ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 3: The Queen, later in the year, lent Bagshot Park temporarily to Sir James Clark. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ANNEXATION OF SAVOY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>21st January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed important letter from Lord +Cowley, and Lord John Russell's answers—documents which +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.385" id="pageiii.385"></a>[page 385]</span> +she trusts will be communicated to the Cabinet. The Emperor +shows unwillingness to evacuate Rome and Lombardy, disinclination +to admit of the annexation of the Duchies to +Sardinia, a feeling that he could not do so without appearing +dishonourable in the eyes of Austria, and a determination to +rob Sardinia of Savoy in order to repay the French Nation for +the rupture with the Pope, and the abandonment of a protective +tariff by the reconquest of at least a portion of the +"<i>frontières naturelles de la France</i>."<sup>4</sup> Lord Cowley's letter +proves clearly that it is (as the Queen all along felt and often +said) most dangerous for us to offer to bind ourselves to a +common action with the Emperor with regard to Italy, whilst +he has entered into a variety of engagements with the +different parties engaged in the dispute, of which we know +nothing, and has objects in view which we can only guess at, +and which have not the good of Italy in view, but his own +aggrandisement to the serious detriment of Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to Lord John Russell's answer, the Queen will +only say that our proposal having been made by us after +serious reflection and the anxious discussion of the Cabinet +and the Queen, no deviation from it ought to take place +without affording them ample opportunity to consider the +bearings and probable results of such alteration.</p> +<span class="rightnote">VICTOR EMMANUEL</span> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 4: The cession by King Victor Emmanuel of Savoy (the cradle of his race) and of Nice +to France was the consideration offered at Plombières for obtaining French support to +the movement for freeing Italy "from the Alps to the Adriatic"; that result not having +been achieved, a like price was now offered for French assistance in effecting the annexation +of the Central Italian provinces. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>22nd January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Palmerston's note and enclosures. +She rather expects to be advised by her Ministers +as to the course to be adopted in matters which may lead +to angry debate in the House of Lords, than to give personal +directions on a case so incompletely placed before her; Lord +Willoughby's letter does not even name the persons in question +nor the grounds upon which he assumes "they would not +be received at Court."<sup>5</sup> The Queen does not know how far +admission or non-admission trenches upon the privileges of +the House; from the submitted printed regulation, however, +she would gather that the Lord High Chamberlain has +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.386" id="pageiii.386"></a>[page 386]</span> +full power to admit or exclude. If Lord Palmerston were to +see Lord Granville as Leader, and the Lord Chancellor as +Speaker, of the House of Lords together with Lord Willoughby, +they might so far discuss the question as to enable Lord +Palmerston to submit a decision for the Queen's consideration +to-morrow.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 5: Lord Willoughby's question had reference to a Peeress, who, he thought, would not +be received at Court. The difference between a State Opening of Parliament and a +Drawing-room was pointed out in Lord Palmerston's reply. Though it would be "unpleasant +to the Peeresses to find themselves sitting next to a person with whom they do +not associate," the Premier advised no interference with the lady in question, if she +persisted in attending. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>31st January 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Accept my warmest thanks for your +kind letter of the 27th, received on Saturday—by which I am +delighted to see what sport you have had. I have <i>such</i> an +aversion for hunting that I am <i>quite</i> pleased to hear of the +destruction of the <i>fifty-one</i> foxes. I suppose it was not cold +enough for <i>wolves</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">I think Parliament has had a wholesome effect upon certain +people; and that they are <i>altogether frightened</i>. There has +been a strong despatch written relative to Savoy—and altogether +I think matters are taking a better turn. The feeling +of <i>all</i> parties and this <i>whole</i> country is—to <i>let Italy settle +its +own affairs</i>—and <i>England to keep quite out of it</i>....</p> + +<p class="ind">We shall see the good Aumales to-night, who are staying +with the Van de Weyers at <i>New Lodge</i>,<sup>6</sup> which is <i>un vrai +bijou</i>: you <i>must</i> see it when you come here again, for it is +one of the nicest and most charming houses I know.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now end. With Albert's affectionate love, ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 6: On the borders of Windsor Forest. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>3rd February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Victoria</span>,—... New Lodge must be exceedingly +pretty, and, God willing, I ought once to get sight +of it. By all one can hear, the Italians certainly will attack +the Austrians, if they are not told to leave it alone; Victor +Emmanuel speaks openly of it, just as he did last year, when +one also thought it was a mere bravado. Things look in +most directions very gloomy; my neighbour is creating +dangers for himself by the constitutional Government he gives +to Italy. The French say, "Sommes-nous moins que les +Italiens pour avoir un peu de liberté?" This may become +more dangerous as things move on, not that I should regret +it; we can never have any security as long as France remains +without a constitutional Government. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.387" id="pageiii.387"></a>[page 387]</span> +We have had slight beginnings of cold, but not much of it, +but the glass was fearfully low. My ball of the 1st was rather +pretty, and people were in great dancing mood. Princess +Orloff, a Troubetzkoï, is a very pleasing young woman. There +is also a pretty Princess Metchersky. We had some new +English families <i>inconceivably ugly</i>; it is quite a calamity, +they look as if they had been selected on purpose. Having +still the happiness of being one of your Privy Council, I mean +to propose some measure to obviate such a sad state of affairs. +We have all of a sudden snow.... Your truly devoted +Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN HONOURS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has attentively read Lord Canning's letter and +enclosure. She quite agrees in his proposal as to the nature +of the Order of Chivalry to be instituted, and the details which +he recommends with regard to it. She also thinks that titles +should be confined to those now known and borne in India, +and to be given sparingly; but would object to the illimited +power of the Governor-General and Viceroy in this respect. +The highest dignities and titles ought to proceed directly from +the Crown at the Viceroy's recommendation. The Queen +concurs in the view that honours cannot well be made hereditary +amongst Hindoos and Mussulmans, but where Princes +(as we may hope will be the case sometimes hereafter) have +become Christians, the hereditary nature of honours should +not be withheld.<sup>7</sup> ...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 7: Lord Canning had written that he thought it would be best to adhere to the precise +titles already in use in India, and that they should be at the direct disposal of the Queen's +Representative, without reference to the Crown. He did not recommend that titles +should be hereditary (except in very special cases), in a country where primogeniture was +not established. As to the proposed Order of Knighthood, Lord Canning thought that +the institution of such an Order would be both expedient and opportune. He recommended +that it should include both British-born and Native subjects. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN AND HER MINISTERS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>10th February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen sends a letter to Lord Palmerston which she has +received yesterday evening from Lord John Russell.<sup>8</sup> She +is induced to do so from a feeling that it is to Lord Palmerston, +as head of the Government, that she has to look, when she +may have reason to take exception to the tone of communications +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.388" id="pageiii.388"></a>[page 388]</span> +she may receive from members of his Cabinet. Lord +Palmerston will not fail to perceive that the enclosed is not +the kind of communication which the Foreign Secretary +ought to make, when asked by his Sovereign to explain the +views of the Cabinet upon a question so important and momentous +as the annexation of Savoy to France, and the steps +which they propose to take with regard to it. She need not +remind Lord Palmerston that in her letter communicated to +the Cabinet she had given no opinion whatever upon Italian +liberation from a foreign yoke, nor need she protest against +a covert insinuation, such as is contained in Lord John's +letter, that she is no well-wisher of mankind and indifferent +to its freedom and happiness. But she must refer to the constitutional +position of her Ministers towards herself. They +are responsible for the advice they gave her, but they are +bound fully, respectfully, and openly to place before her the +grounds and reasons upon which their advice may be founded, +to enable her to judge whether she can give her assent to that +advice or not. The Government must come to a standstill +if the Minister meets a demand for explanation with an answer +like the following: "I was asked by the Cabinet to give an +answer, but as I do not agree with you, I think it useless to +explain my views."</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen must demand that respect which is due from +a Minister to his Sovereign. As the Queen must consider +the enclosed letter as deficient in it, she thinks Lord John +Russell might probably wish to reconsider it, and asks Lord +Palmerston to return it to him with that view.</p> + +<p class="ind">That Lord Palmerston may be acquainted with the course +the correspondence has taken, the Queen encloses the two +preceding letters.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: The letter ran:—"Lord John Russell unfortunately does not partake your Majesty's +opinions in regard to Italy, and he is unwilling to obtrude on your Majesty unnecessary +statements of his views.... Whatever may be the consequence, the liberation of the +Italian people from a foreign yoke is, in the eyes of Lord Palmerston and Lord John +Russell, an increase of freedom and happiness at which as well-wishers to mankind they +cannot but rejoice." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR GLADSTONE'S BUDGET</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>10th February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Mr Gladstone made this +afternoon his financial statement.<sup>9</sup> His speech lasted three +hours, from five to eight, and was admirable, detailed, clear, +comprehensive and eloquent; and he did not appear to be +fatigued by the effort.<sup>10</sup> The statement was well received +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.389" id="pageiii.389"></a>[page 389]</span> +by the House, and though parts of the arrangement may, +and no doubt will, be disputed and attacked as the various +measures of which the arrangement is composed, pass through +the House, there seems to be a fair probability that the Government +will not sustain any serious defeat upon any part of the +arrangement. The scheme is too extensive and complicated +to admit of an abstract of it being given to your Majesty in +this Report; but no doubt a condensed summary of it will +be given in the newspapers of to-morrow.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: The Budget of 1860 was contemporaneous with the commercial treaty with France +negotiated by Mr Cobden, reducing <i>inter alia</i> the import duties on French wine and +brandy, and English coal, flax, and pig-iron. Mr Gladstone abolished the duties on a +large number of imports, and proposed to repeal that on paper (regarded not only as a +means for the diffusion of knowledge, but a commodity in various industries).</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 10: This was all the more remarkable, as the Budget had been postponed owing to his +illness. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen acknowledges the receipt of Lord Palmerston's +two letters of yesterday evening. She willingly accepts +Lord John Russell's expressions of regret, and certainly was +led to read that one passage which Lord Palmerston explains +in the sense which he supposed.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received the draft to Lord Cowley, and has +written her observations upon it to Lord John, who will communicate +them to him. She thinks that the omissions which +she has pointed out can be very well supplied consistently +with that international courtesy which Lord Palmerston +truly says ought to be observed.<sup>11</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 11: In this despatch, Lord John wrote that the Government could not believe that a +country in the circumstances of France could be endangered by the existence, "on the +other side of the Alps, of a State of 11,000,000 of people lately joined by a cement not +yet dry, threatened, on the side of Lombardy, by Austria, and not very certain of its own +independence." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Granville to the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Brighton</span>, <i>11th February 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir</span>,—Lord John produced before the Cabinet his draft of +despatch in answer to M. Thouvenel. He read, without +allusion to the previous correspondence, the Queen's Memorandum +on his draft.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston supported Lord John, who was fidgety +and nervous. We all criticised the draft. We thought it +too much or too little. We recommended that he should +either write shortly, saying that he did not acquiesce in +M. Thouvenel's arguments, but as the French Government +did not consider the question as now in existence, and promised +that it should not be revised without the consent of +Savoy, and consultation with the Great Powers, if the Government +would reserve what they had to say on a question +of such immense European importance—or going into the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.390" id="pageiii.390"></a>[page 390]</span> +subject he should state the whole argument and objections +of the Government to the scheme.</p> + +<p class="ind">We thought the historical reminiscences offensive to France, +while the language of the despatch was not sufficiently firm +to satisfy what was expected from the Government. We +warned him that in this case public opinion would be at least +as critical as the Queen.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John gave us to understand that he would alter his +draft, but I do not feel any security that it will be done in a +satisfactory manner.</p> + +<p class="ind">I am, Sir, with the greatest respect, your Royal Highness's +obedient, humble, and faithful servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Granville</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Cowley to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> +<h5>(<i>Submitted to the Queen.</i>)</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD COWLEY AND THE EMPEROR</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>7th March</i> <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads '1863'"><i>1860</i></ins>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord John</span>,—I send a messenger this evening, +in order that you may not hear from any one else of the +passage of arms which took place between the Emperor +and myself yesterday evening. You will find the account of +it in the enclosed despatch. The more I reflect on it, the less +I think that I could pass over the Emperor's conduct and +language without notice. His tone and manner were really +offensive, and if I had let them pass unheeded might have +been repeated on another occasion. I must say that nothing +could have been more friendly than His Majesty's bearing +after I had spoken to him. He was profuse in his excuses, +and the Empress told me later in the evening that he was +<i>désolé</i>—"qu'il s'était laissé entraîner par un mouvement +d'humeur," etc. I, of course, said that I should think no more +about it.</p> + +<p class="ind">One good thing has been gained by it, that the Emperor +has declared that he does not mean to act in defiance of the +opinion of the Great Powers....</p> + +<p class="ind">I wish that I had not this disagreeable history to trouble +you with, but do not attach greater importance to it than it +merits. I look upon it as at an end.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowley.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;">[<i>Enclosure.</i>]</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD COWLEY AND THE EMPEROR</span> + + +<h5><i>Earl Cowley to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> +<h5>(<i>Submitted to the Queen.</i>)</h5> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>7th March 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My Lord</span>,—It is with extreme regret that I call your Lordship's +attention to the following occurrence.</p> + +<p class="ind">There was a concert last night at the Tuileries, to which the Chiefs +of the Diplomatic Body were invited. On these occasions seats are +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.391" id="pageiii.391"></a>[page 391]</span> +assigned to the Ambassadors according to their accidental rank, and +I was placed between the Nuntio and the Russian Ambassador. It is +customary for the Emperor, during the interval between the two parts +of the concert, to say a few words to each of the Ambassadors individually, +and it is obvious that what His Majesty says to one may +easily be overheard by that one's immediate neighbours.</p> + +<p class="ind">Yesterday evening the Emperor, after saying a few words of no +importance to the Nuntio, addressed himself to me in a manner and +tone very unusual with him, animadverting upon the hostile sentiments +evinced towards him in the English Parliament and Press.<a id="footnotetagXXIX12" name="footnotetagXXIX12"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIX12"><sup>12</sup></a> +"Wishing to avoid a discussion, I merely observed that I regretted +that matters should be in such a state, but that His Majesty must +be aware that there was quite as great irritation on this side the +water. The Emperor enquired sharply whether this was to be +wondered at, considering the terms and imputations applied to himself, +and to the French nation, in England? They were only defending +themselves against unfair attacks, His Majesty said. It was +really too bad, he continued; he had done all in his power to maintain +a good understanding with England, but the conduct of England +rendered it impossible. What had England to do with Savoy? And +why was she not to be satisfied with the declaration that His Majesty +had made to me, that he had no intention to annex Savoy to France +without having previously obtained the consent of the Great Powers.</p> +<span class="rightnote">LORD COWLEY'S REMONSTRANCE</span> +<p class="ind">"Pardon me, Sire," I said, "for interrupting your Majesty, but it +is just what you did not say. Had you permitted me to convey that +assurance to Her Majesty's Government, I will answer for it that all +those interpellations in Parliament would long since have ceased, +and that Her Majesty's Government and the country would at all +events have awaited the decision at which the Great Powers might +have arrived."</p> + +<p class="ind">"But I told you," continued the Emperor, "that I would consult +the Great Powers."</p> + +<p class="ind">"Yes, Sire," I replied, "but your Majesty did not add that you +would abide by their decision."</p> + +<p class="ind">This conversation had taken place, not only within the hearing of +the Russian Ambassador, but the Emperor's remarks were addressed +almost as much to my colleague as to myself. Turning then entirely +towards General Kisseleff, the Emperor continued: "The conduct of +England is inexplicable. I have done all in my power to keep on the +best terms with her; but I am at my wits' end <i>(je n'en puis plus).</i> +What," His Majesty exclaimed again, "has England to do with +Savoy? What would have been the consequence if, when she took +possession of the Island of Perim<a id="footnotetagXXIX13" name="footnotetagXXIX13"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIX13"><sup>13</sup></a> for the safety of her Eastern dominions, +I had raised the same objections that she has now raised +to the annexation of Savoy, which I want as much for the safety of +France?"</p> + +<p class="ind">His Majesty continued to speak for a few seconds in the same +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.392" id="pageiii.392"></a>[page 392]</span> +strain, and I felt my position to be most awkward. With the +remembrance of His Majesty's intemperate words to M. de Hübner +on New Year's Day, 1859,<a id="footnotetagXXIX14" name="footnotetagXXIX14"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIX14"><sup>14</sup></a> in my mind, I did not like to leave unnoticed +observations of the tendency I have mentioned. At the +same time I had to bear in mind that I was not present on an official +occasion, but that I was the Emperor's guest, and that it would not +be right to continue a discussion in the presence of others. These +thoughts passed rapidly through my mind, and I determined to be +guided by a night's reflection in taking any further step in this +matter. What that reflection might have produced I cannot say, +but circumstances led to more immediate explanations.</p> + +<p class="ind">As the Emperor moved on, the circle in which we were standing +was not strictly kept, and after a few minutes I found myself standing +a little in front, in the open space round which the circle was formed. +The Emperor again accosted me, and was beginning in the same +strain, when I ventured to interrupt His Majesty and to tell him that +I considered myself justified in calling his attention to the unusual +course he had adopted, in indulging, in presence of the Russian Ambassador, +in his animadversions on the conduct of England. That +His Majesty, if he had, or thought he had, any cause for remonstrance +or blame with regard to England, should address himself to me, was +not only natural, but would be a course which I should always beg +him to take, because free discussion was the best remedy for pent-up +feeling. I should answer as best I could, and endeavour to convince +His Majesty when I thought him wrong. Or if His Majesty considered +it right to complain of the conduct of England to the Russian Ambassador, +I had no desire to interfere, provided it was not done in my +presence; but what I could not approve, or consider compatible with +my own dignity, or that of the Government which I represented, was +that complaints respecting England should be addressed to me in the +hearing of the Russian Ambassador, and to the Russian Ambassador +in my hearing.</p> + +<p class="ind">Leaving then this official tone, I added that, considering the long +and intimate relations which His Majesty had been graciously pleased +to permit should exist between himself and me, and knowing, as he +did, the personal attachment which I bore him, and the anxiety which +I had ever manifested to smooth difficulties and prevent misunderstandings +between the two Governments, in doing which I had perhaps +exposed myself to the suspicion of being more French than I +ought to be, I had not expected to have been addressed, as I had been, +in the presence of the Russian Ambassador, or to have heard words +addressed to that Ambassador complaining of the sentiments of the +English nation.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Emperor frequently interrupted me, expressing his great regret +at what had occurred. He could assure me, His Majesty said, that +he had spoken without any bad intention—that he had just read +what had occurred in Parliament the night before, and that he had +been greatly hurt at the strictures passed upon his conduct; I must +recollect further that he had not spoken of the Government, but of +those who attacked him. Again, His Majesty begged me to think +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.393" id="pageiii.393"></a>[page 393]</span> +no more of the matter, repeating the assurance that he had spoken +without intention.</p> + +<p class="ind">In the course of this second conversation the Emperor again asked, +but in a very different tone, why England had taken up the question +of Savoy which so little regarded her. Had it been Prussia or one of +the Continental Powers, His Majesty could have understood it, but +not a word of remonstrance had proceeded from any one of them. +I replied that I did not think the Emperor could rely on that silence +as indicating approbation, but at all events, I said, the position of Her +Majesty's Government was very different from that of the other +powers. How was it possible, I asked, for Her Majesty's Government +to remain silent in presence of the interpellations respecting Savoy +which were, night after night, put to them? And if His Majesty +enquired why these interpellations were put, I would answer him +that, if my judgment was correct, it was not so much on account of +the actual plan of annexing Savoy, as on account of the circumstances +connected with the whole transaction. They were, in fact, interpellations +of mistrust. And how, I asked, could it be otherwise? +What could the English people think on its transpiring that in spite +of His Majesty's declarations, both before and during the war, that +in going to war he meditated no special advantages for France, +overtures had positively been made months before, to Sardinia, for +the eventual cession of Savoy; why had not His Majesty told us +fairly, in commencing this war, that if, by the results of the war, the +territory of Sardinia should be greatly augmented, he might be +obliged, in deference to public opinion in France, to ask for some +territorial advantage? Such a declaration, although it might have +rendered the British Government still more anxious to prevent the +war, would have hindered all the manifestation of public opinion +which is now taking place.</p> +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR'S <i>AMENDE</i></span> +<p class="ind">The Emperor seemed to feel the weight of these observations, and +he ended the conversation by saying, that if this question of Savoy +should go further, he had pledged himself to consult the Great Powers, +and that he need hardly add that if their opinion should be unfavourable +to his wishes, it would have great weight with him. "It is not +likely," said His Majesty, "that I should act against the advice of +Europe."</p> + +<p class="ind">I end, my Lord, as I commenced, in regretting this occurrence. I +could have wished that the Emperor had not spoken to me a second +time yesterday, and that I had had a little time for reflection. I feel +that I spoke to His Majesty under considerable emotion, caused by +the tone and manner which he had adopted; but I am certain that +not a word escaped me which was not respectful to himself. To have +passed the matter over, would, in my judgment, have been a fault, +but on the whole I should have preferred conveying impressions to +His Majesty through M. Thouvenel. I earnestly trust, however, +that Her Majesty's Government will view my conduct in a favourable +light.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is but justice to my Russian colleague to state that nothing could +have been in better taste than his remarks in answer to the Emperor's +observations to him. I have told General Kisseleff this morning that +having had an opportunity to do so, I had expressed to the Emperor +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.394" id="pageiii.394"></a>[page 394]</span> +the opinion that it would have been better had His Majesty avoided +irritating topics concerning England in the presence of another +foreign representative. It is not my intention to open my lips on the +subject to any one else.</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Cowley</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIX12" name="footnoteXXIX12"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIX12">Footnote 12:</a> The annexation of Savoy had been debated in the House of Commons, and Mr Bright +had expressed his readiness that Savoy should rather perish than that England should +interfere in a matter in which she had no concern. He was sharply censured by Lord +John Manners.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIX13" name="footnoteXXIX13"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIX13">Footnote 13:</a> Perim had been permanently taken possession of by Great Britain, in 1857.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIX14" name="footnoteXXIX14"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIX14">Footnote 14:</a> See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.310" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 310</a>, note 2. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>9th March 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and has the honour to submit a despatch which he received +in a private letter from Lord Cowley.</p> + +<p class="ind">The strange scene related in it will remind your Majesty of +some scenes already famous in the history of Napoleon I. and +Napoleon III.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell requests your Majesty's permission to +write a secret despatch in answer, entirely approving the +conduct and language of Lord Cowley.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE QUEEN'S APPROVAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>10th March 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen, in returning Lord Cowley's private letter and +secret despatch, agrees with Lord John Russell, that he has +deserved praise for his mode of answering the Emperor's +Napoleonic address.<sup>15</sup> ...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: The ratification by the House of Commons of the Commercial Treaty, and Mr +Gladstone's message to the Emperor, enclosing a copy of his Budget speech, gave the +Emperor an opportunity of making amends to Lord Cowley for his hasty language. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>12th March 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is sorry to find that Lord Canning does not +approve of any of the modes suggested by Sir Charles Wood, +for giving the Chiefs security of title and possession. The +object appears to the Queen so important as a means of +protection against the temptation of our own representatives +to seize upon the possessions of these Chiefs at any convenient +opportunity—and as a means of giving confidence to those +Chiefs that the Queen's Government is not actuated by +rapacity—that she must hope Lord Canning will indicate some +mode, appearing less objectionable to him, for attaining the +same object. The Queen would be glad to have a copy of +Lord Canning's letter.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.395" id="pageiii.395"></a>[page 395]</span> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SWISS CLAIMS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>25th March 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just seen the Swiss Note, and has returned it +to the Foreign Office.<sup>16</sup> With reference to Lord John Russell's +letter of this morning, she has only to express her anxiety that +her Government should not look upon this question as one of an +<i>optional</i> character to take up or not. We have no choice, and +the consideration whether what we are doing may be pleasing +or displeasing to France cannot be entertained for a moment, +although the Queen is grieved to find from Lord Cowley's last +letter that he considers the question from that point of view. +We are parties to a treaty of guarantee together with other +Powers, and have as such a clear and solemn <i>duty</i> to perform. +We should therefore openly and avowedly call upon our +partners in this treaty and guarantee to consider the note +addressed by the Swiss Confederation to us.</p> + +<p class="ind">The proper course would be to summon the Ministers of the +Contracting Powers to the Foreign Office (not excluding the +French Ambassador), and to go with them into the matter. +This would take it out of the hands of the Emperor and M. de +Thouvenel, and make (the Queen is certain of it) a deep impression +upon them.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen wishes this letter to be shown to Lord Palmerston +and Lord John's other colleagues.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 16: The Swiss Government claimed that the districts of Chablais and Faucigny (being +parts of Savoy which had been handed over to Sardinia by the Treaty of Vienna under a +guarantee for their neutrality) should be given to Switzerland for the protection of their +frontier. The French Emperor maintained that it was sufficient for him to guarantee +the neutrality of those districts. Speaking on the night of the 26th, Lord John Russell +said: "The powers of Europe, if they wish to maintain peace, must respect each other's +limits, and, above all, restore and not disturb that commercial confidence which is the +result of peace, which tends to peace, and which ultimately forms the happiness of +nations." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>2nd April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter and +Memorandum.<sup>17</sup> In whatever Lord John might say in the +House of Commons, care should be taken not to give the +French a handle to make the other Powers believe that there +exists an understanding between them and us. It is by making +each of them believe in their turn that the others have agreed +with France that the Emperor paralyses their action. If he +will promise distinctly to give up the neutral territory to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.396" id="pageiii.396"></a>[page 396]</span> +Switzerland, that would be an understanding which we might +well avow, but the Queen fears Count Persigny with all his +anxiety to smooth matters (as he says) will not be able to +give this assurance, and consequently if Lord John sent the +Commons home with a declaration that matters would be +<i>satisfactorily</i> settled, and the Emperor intends to keep the +neutral territory after all, it would unnecessarily make them +dupes once more, as the Government have from time to time +given assurances based on French promises, which were belied +by subsequent acts.</p> + +<p class="ind">Is the Memorandum for the Queen to keep?</p> + +<p class="ind">The Conference should be here, and on <i>no</i> account at Paris.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: Describing a conversation between Lord Palmerston and Persigny, the former suggesting +that a statement should be made by Lord John in the House, in reference to the +securities to be given for the neutrality and independence of Switzerland, such as would +pacify the Emperor. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF PRINCE HOHENLOHE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>25th April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I write to you on this paper to-day, +as it is our good Alice's birthday—her seventeenth! She is +a good, dear, amiable child, and in very good looks just now. +Her future is still undecided, she is quite free, and <i>all</i> we wish +is a good, kind husband—<i>no</i> brilliant position (which there is +not to be got), but a quiet, comfortable position.</p> + +<p class="ind">Bertie returned last night delighted with his tour,<sup>18</sup> and with +our beloved old Coburg, in <i>spite of snow</i>. I will tell him to give +you an account of it. He made a very favourable impression +there. He gives a good account of dear Stockmar too.</p> + +<p class="ind">Many, many thanks for your dear kind letter of the 20th, +with the enclosure from dear Charlotte, whose happy, contented +disposition is a great blessing.</p> + +<p class="ind">I was sure you would grieve for poor, dear, honest Ernest +Hohenlohe<sup>19</sup>; Feodore feels it dreadfully, and writes beautifully +about it. Thank God! she has every comfort in her +second son, Hermann, who—by an arrangement made last year +with the eldest and poor Ernest—has the entire management +of everything; Charles has a certain income and Weikersheim<sup>20</sup>; +while Hermann has Langenburg and the management of everything +else; he naturally leaves the Austrian Service.</p> + +<p class="ind">We are too delighted to hear that you are, D.V., ready to +come by the 2nd of June; it will be so great a pleasure, and +to dear Mamma too, who is <i>unberufen</i> wonderfully well. She +is here again since yesterday, and will stay till the 2nd. Clém +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.397" id="pageiii.397"></a>[page 397]</span> +was quite astonished at her looks. The poor Queen will be +seventy-eight to-morrow. She is very tolerably well.</p> + +<p class="ind">How well do I remember that speech of Oscar's in the +carriage. It certainly took us <i>all</i> in....</p> + +<p class="ind">I fear I must end for to-day. With Albert's affectionate +love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">Bertie was much pleased with little Louise.<sup>21</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: The Prince of Wales had been spending a week at Coburg and Gotha, which he had +not previously seen.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 19: Prince Ernest died on the 12th of April, and was succeeded by his second son Hermann.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 20: A small town in Würtemberg, and part of the estate of the Princes of Hohenlohe-Langenburg.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 21: Elder child of the Duke of Brabant (now King Leopold II.). +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ENGLAND AND NAPLES</span> + +<p class="indright">[<i>Undated.</i> ? <i>26th April 1860.</i>]</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has just received Lord John Russell's letter. +She must say that she would consider it the <i>deepest</i> degradation +to this country if she was compelled to appear at the Emperor's +Congress summoned to Paris, in order to register and put her +seal to the acts of spoliation of the Emperor!</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Cowley was very strong on the effect which our yielding +that point would have on his position at the French Court.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>30th April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks that the main argument is omitted in the +draft, viz. that the attempts, such as Sardinia is suspected to +contemplate, are morally bad and reprehensible in themselves, +besides being politically inexpedient. The Queen would be +sorry to see a despatch go forth on this subject, arguing on the +ground of expediency alone. She trusts Lord John Russell +will find it easy to introduce a passage which would place it on +record, that we do attach importance to public justice and +morality. When amended, the Queen would like to have a +copy of the draft.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DOCTRINES OF 1688</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>30th April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +He is sorry he cannot agree that there would be any moral +wrong in assisting to overthrow the Government of the King +of the Two Sicilies. The best writers on International Law +consider it a merit to overthrow a tyrannical government, and +there have been few governments so tyrannical as that of +Naples. Of course the King of Sardinia has no right to assist +the people of the Two Sicilies unless he was asked by them +to do so, as the Prince of Orange was asked by the best men in +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.398" id="pageiii.398"></a>[page 398]</span> +England to overthrow the tyranny of James II.—an attempt +which has received the applause of all our great public writers, +and is the origin of our present form of government.<sup>22</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 22: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.383" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 383</a>. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell</i>.</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>30th April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter, and +trusts he will see, upon further reflection, that the case before +us is not one in which the Revolution of 1688, and the advent +of William III. called to the Throne, can be appealed to as a +parallel. The draft warns the Government of Sardinia "<i>not +to seek for new acquisitions</i>," as the new "<i>Provinces</i> annexed +have hardly as yet been thoroughly amalgamated." Now, +no public writer nor the International Law will call it morally +right, that one state should abet revolution in another, not +with the disinterested object of defending a suffering people +against tyranny, but in order to extinguish that State and +make it "an acquisition" of its own. If William III. had +made England a Province of Holland, he would not have +received the applause Lord John quotes. The Queen trusts +that in appreciation of this distinction, he will introduce some +amendment in the sense indicated in her former letter.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria</i>.</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>30th April 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he confesses he cannot see anything morally wrong in giving +aid to an insurrection in the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily. +But he admits that to do so for the sake of making new +acquisitions would be criminal, and that he is not justified in +imputing this motive to the King of Sardinia. Count Cavour +would probably at once disclaim it.</p> + +<p class="ind">He therefore proposes to alter these words. The despatch +went this evening by the usual messenger; but, if your +Majesty approves of the alteration, it can be made to-morrow +morning by telegraph to Turin.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Sir Charles Wood to Queen Victoria</i>.</h5> + +<span class="rightnote">INDIAN HONOURS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">India Office</span>, <i>3rd May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Wood, with his humble duty, begs to submit +for your Majesty's consideration, whether the letters of thanks +to those Civil Servants who have not been thought deserving +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.399" id="pageiii.399"></a>[page 399]</span> +of the honour of C.B. should run in your Majesty's name, or in +that of the Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty desired that thanks for service should be in +your Majesty's name, but there will be nearly two hundred of +these letters to different officers, and Sir Charles Wood doubted +whether it would be right to use your Majesty's name so +profusely. He is inclined to think that it would be better to +use your Majesty's name only when addressing higher officers. +Sir Charles Wood encloses drafts of letters in both ways.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Wood also encloses an address on the occasion +of the Thanksgiving in India, delivered by a Hindoo.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Sir Charles Wood</i>.</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>4th May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these papers. She wishes the thanks +to Civil Servants to be given in all cases, where to be given +by the Home Government, in her own name. The Bath or +Knighthood comes directly from the Sovereign, and so should +the thanks; the Civil Servants are the Queen's servants, and +not the servants of the Government. The Hindoo address +is very striking and gratifying as a symptom.<sup>23</sup> Presuming that +Sir Charles does not want the copy back again, the Queen has +kept it.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 23: The copy of this address does not seem to have been preserved. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians</i>.</h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>8th May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—... Really it is too bad! <i>No</i> +country, no human being would ever dream of <i>disturbing</i> or +<i>attacking</i> France; every one would be glad to see her prosperous; +but <i>she</i> must needs disturb every quarter of the Globe +and try to make mischief and set every one by the ears; and, +of course, it will end some day in a <i>regular crusade</i> against <i>the +universal disturber</i> of <i>the world!</i> It is really monstrous!</p> + +<p class="ind">Dear Mamma returned to Frogmore on Friday, and Alfred +left us on Thursday, sailed from Portsmouth on Saturday, +but had to stop at Plymouth for some derangement in the +machinery till to-day. He was very low at going, though +very happy to return to his ship. Now, with Albert's affectionate +love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT TO ALDERSHOT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>15th May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Many, many thanks for your very +kind letter received on Saturday. We returned yesterday +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.400" id="pageiii.400"></a>[page 400]</span> +evening from Aldershot, where we spent two very pleasant +days with very warm weather. Sunday was a beautiful day +and we rode over to Farnham, the Bishop of Winchester's +Palace, and it was quite beautiful, the country is so green +and sweet—and enjoyable. The warm rain of last week has +produced a burst of Spring which is quite beautiful. Yesterday +morning it rained when we first went out, but it cleared +and became a beautiful day, and we had a pretty field day. +Your old Regiment looked extremely well. In the afternoon +we saw some very interesting rifle-shooting. The whole Army +practises this now most unremittingly, and we saw three +different companies of the Guards fire at 300 yards, and so on +to 900 yards, and <i>hit</i> the target! They fired in <i>volleys</i>. It is +very satisfactory, as this precision would be very <i>telling</i> in +action. I think you would be interested by it.</p> + +<p class="ind">I <i>hope</i> you have forgiven my hurried note of Saturday—but +I was <i>so</i> anxious at the time. We go to Osborne on the +19th, I am happy to say, till the 31st.</p> + +<p class="ind">Affairs continue to be very threatening, and keep everybody +in suspense.... Ever, dearest Uncle, your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>22nd May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I write to you from here, where it is +wonderfully beautiful and unusually <i>hot</i> for May—it is <i>quite</i> +like July, but the <i>late</i> Spring has brought out everything together +in the most wonderful manner. The foliage of many +trees is hardly out yet, but there are all the fruit-trees in +fullest blossom—the lilacs and peonies out—the thorns only +beginning and every wild flower in profusion—the grass +splendidly green, and a fragrance about everything which is +too delicious; and the birds singing <i>most</i> beautifully. The +nightingales were last night singing all round the house....</p> + +<p class="ind">Affairs are in a most bewildered state. Lord Palmerston +is <i>very stout and right</i> about our neighbour. I am glad to be +able to <i>refute most positively</i> the report of our <i>ships</i> having +<i>prevented</i> the Neapolitans from firing; the <i>case</i> is <i>quite</i> +clear, +and the French and Neapolitan Governments themselves have +spread this falsehood.</p> + +<p class="ind">The House of Lords have thrown the Bill for the Abolition +of the paper Duties<sup>24</sup> <i>out</i> by a very large majority, which +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.401" id="pageiii.401"></a>[page 401]</span> +is a <i>very good thing</i>. It will save us a large amount of +revenue.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must end for to-day. Hoping that these lines will find +you quite well, ever your devoted <i>Daughter</i> (I <i>wrote</i> by mistake +<i>but</i> will leave, as it <i>only</i> expresses what <i>my feelings</i> are) +and +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">We have quite a small party on the 1st, with some choral +singing.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 24: This part of Mr Gladstone's financial scheme had lost a good deal of its early popularity: +it had only passed the third reading in the Commons by the small majority of +nine, and the Premier had already told the Queen that the Peers would perform a public +service by rejecting it. The majority against it in the House of Lords was 89. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE HOUSE OF LORDS AND MONEY BILLS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>22nd May 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the Cabinet met to-day at +half-past twelve to consider what (if anything) should be +done in consequence of the vote of the House of Lords last +night. Lord John Russell, Mr Gladstone, and Mr Milner +Gibson were desirous of finding some means of visiting their +displeasure upon the House of Lords, but it was shown to +them that the only measures which could be adopted were +far too violent for the occasion, and that the House of Commons +itself is powerless in the matter. When the Lords +do anything inconsistent with the asserted privileges of the +House of Commons, as, for instance, inserting a taxing Clause +in a Bill sent up to them, or making an alteration in a Money +Bill sent up to them, the House of Commons is necessarily +invited to do something afterwards in the matter, by assenting +to what has been done by the Lords; and the Commons +then assert their claimed rights by throwing out the Bill +thus, improperly, as the Commons say, meddled with by +the Lords; but when the Lords throw out a Bill there is +nothing for the Commons to do, as the Bill has vanished, and +the Commons are therefore furnished with no opportunity +of asserting the right which they may claim. But, moreover, +the Commons have always contended that the Lords cannot +originate or alter a Money Bill, but it has never been contended +that the Lords may not reject a Money Bill, though +there are few instances of their having done so. These arguments +at length prevailed, and by four o'clock it was agreed +that Viscount Palmerston should give notice that he would +on Thursday move that a Committee be appointed to examine<span class="rightnote">COMMITTEE OF THE COMMONS</span> +the Journals of the House of Lords to ascertain the fate of +the Bill thus lost like Sir John Franklin, and that on Friday +he should move the appointment of a Committee to search +for precedent applicable to the case. This course it was +thought, while binding the Government to no particular +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.402" id="pageiii.402"></a>[page 402]</span> +course, would in some degree satisfy those who think some +step necessary. The measures mentioned, though it is fair +to say not actually proposed, were that Parliament should +be prorogued, and reassembled either in the Autumn or +Winter, that then the same Bill should be brought in, and +be sent up to the Lords, and that if that Bill were again +rejected, Parliament should be dissolved. It was objected to +all this, that the case did not warrant such a course; that +whether the Lords have or have not overstepped their proper +functions, the opinion of the great majority of the public is +that the Lords have done a right and useful thing (in confirmation +of which it may be stated that the people in the +gallery of the House of Lords are said to have joined in the +cheers which broke out when the numbers of the division +were announced).</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston, at the meeting of the House, gave +notice accordingly that he should on Thursday move for a +Committee to search the Lords' Journals—a usual form of +motion; and that he should on Friday move to appoint a +Committee to search for precedents in order to ascertain +facts; but he added that he did not take this course with +any view of hostility towards the House of Lords. An +attempt was made by Mr Whalley and Mr Digby Seymour +to set up a complaint that this was not the sort of proceeding +which the gravity of the occasion required, but this endeavour +was put down by an unmistakable manifestation of a contrary +opinion by the rest of the House....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Duke of Somerset.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>29th June 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Before sanctioning the proposed change in the Naval +Uniform,<sup>25</sup> the Queen wishes to know what the State occasions +are on which the full dress is to be worn. The officers generally +wear an undress without epaulettes, which in consequence +are of little inconvenience to them. She has always understood +the Service to cling very much to its present uniform, +and she would be sorry to shock their feelings.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: The principal change proposed was that full dress should cease to be obligatory at +Courts-Martial. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR GLADSTONE SUGGESTS RESIGNATION</span> + + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">House of Commons</span>, <i>2nd July 1860</i>.</p> +<p class="rindent">(8.30 P.M.)</p> + + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has had the honour of receiving your +Majesty's letter of this afternoon. Nothing of much importance +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.403" id="pageiii.403"></a>[page 403]</span> +as to Foreign Affairs was done at the Cabinet to-day.... The +material question for discussion was the course to be +pursued about the Tax Bill Report. Lord John Russell had +altered his opinion since Saturday, and had yesterday sent +Viscount Palmerston a Draft of Resolution which he wished +to be circulated to the members of the Cabinet before their +meeting at twelve to-day....</p> + +<p class="ind">After a long discussion, the draft, of which the enclosed +is a copy, was agreed to by all except Mr Gladstone. This +draft is a combination of parts of Lord John's, parts of Sir +James Graham's, and parts of Viscount Palmerston's. No +mention of course was made in Cabinet of Sir James Graham +having made any suggestion.</p> + +<p class="ind">When all the other members had left the room Mr +Gladstone requested Viscount Palmerston to submit to +your Majesty that he could no longer continue to carry +on the business of his Department.<sup>26</sup> His opinion strongly +was that action and not a Resolution was required, that +one of three courses ought to be pursued: either that +the Paper Duty Repeal Bill should again be sent up to +the Lords; or that a Bill should be sent up for suspending +the Paper Duties for a year; or that a Bill +should be sent up reducing those duties gradually year +by year; or fourthly that with the Repeal of the Paper +Duties should be coupled the imposition of Spirit Duties. +Viscount Palmerston said he really could not undertake the +communication which Mr Gladstone wished to be submitted +to your Majesty, and earnestly entreated Mr Gladstone to +reconsider the matter; he urged in detail all the reasons +which ought to dissuade such a step, and he thought that +he had produced some impression on Mr Gladstone. It was +agreed between them that Viscount Palmerston, instead of +giving notice this afternoon of a Motion to-morrow, and laying +the Resolution on the table this evening, should give notice +this afternoon of a Motion for Thursday, and promise to lay +the Resolution on the table to-morrow. This gives Mr Gladstone +more time to think, and more room to turn round in. +Mr Milner Gibson has no intention of going out, and has so +told Mr Gladstone, strongly advising him to stay in; and +Viscount Palmerston's impression is that Mr Gladstone, having +failed to become master of the Cabinet by a threat of resignation, +will in the end yield to the almost unanimous decision +of his colleagues. The only person who supported +Mr Gladstone's views, except Mr Milner Gibson, was the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.404" id="pageiii.404"></a>[page 404]</span> +Duke of Argyll, who, however, like Mr Gibson, had no intention +whatever of accompanying Mr Gladstone in resignation.<sup>27</sup>...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 26: This is said to have been an incident of frequent occurrence during the second +administration of Lord Palmerston.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 27: The Queen wrote to King Leopold: "As I told you in my little note of Sunday, Lord +John became <i>quite</i> reasonable, and is very moderate about this affair; on the other hand +Mr Gladstone has threatened to resign—and it is still uncertain if he will not persist in +his intention. He is terribly excited." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">PRIVILEGE RESOLUTIONS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>6th July 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the House of Commons this +night passed the three Privilege Resolutions after two +divisions.<sup>28</sup>...</p> + +<p class="ind">The Debate which did not begin till half-past eight, after +questions on the adjournment to Monday, was commenced +by Mr Digby Seymour, Member for Southampton, who went +into an elaborate discussion of the precedents mentioned in +the appendix to the Report of the Committee, arguing against +the right of the Lords. He attacked Viscount Palmerston's +speech, and highly praised that of Mr Gladstone, who, he +said, if he lost his place in the Cabinet in consequence of +that speech would be rewarded by a Throne in the affections +of the Nation. Mr Horsman then made a very able, eloquent, +and remarkable speech, well worth reading....</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Bright made an indignation speech in reply. He went +over the same ground as the former speaker about the precedents, +was astonished and shocked at Mr Horsman's speech, +was displeased with the Resolutions, and with Viscount Palmerston's +speech, was in admiration unbounded of Mr Gladstone, +but all the time was so hoarse that his efforts to make +himself heard gave to his utterance an appearance of passion +even greater than that which he actually felt. After his +speech the House began skirmishing as to the question of +finishing the Debate or adjourning it, but the Resolutions +were at last agreed to.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 28: The Resolutions, which the Committee recommended, and the House of Commons +adopted, declared <i>inter alia</i> that the Commons had in their own hands the power "so +to impose and remit taxes, and frame bills of supply, that their rights as to the matter, +manner, measure, and time might be maintained inviolate." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>13th July 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—...Bertie has then set out on +his interesting journey,<sup>29</sup> which though not without fatigue +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.405" id="pageiii.405"></a>[page 405]</span> +will be full of information and satisfaction for his young mind. +I am glad to hear that dear Albert went with him,<sup>30</sup> he can +have no equal to his good and distinguished father for kindness, +and a wise guidance of his young life....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 29: In consequence of the loyal and patriotic assistance rendered by Canada during the +Crimean War, and the expressed desire of the Canadians to be visited by the Queen in +person and to welcome one of her sons as Governor-General, it was decided that the +Prince of Wales should make a tour there. During the course of the visit, which was +made in company with the Duke of Newcastle, the Prince opened the magnificent bridge +over the St Lawrence; he subsequently availed himself of President Buchanan's invitation +already referred to (<i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.373" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 373</a>), and was received with the greatest enthusiasm at +Washington. The Prince returned to England in November.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 30: Referring to a previous letter, in which the Queen had informed the King of the +Belgians that Prince Albert had accompanied the Prince of Wales as far as Plymouth. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>31st July 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,— ... I venture now to confide a +<i>secret</i> to you—the details of which you shall hear verbally +from us when we have the happiness of seeing you in October. +It is that <i>our</i> surmises respecting Louis of Hesse<sup>31</sup> have turned +out to be true, and that we have <i>reason</i> to <i>hope</i> that this +<i>affair</i> +will be in due time realised. The feelings are very reciprocal +on both sides, though nothing definitive will be settled till the +young people meet again, probably later this Autumn (<i>but +not in Germany</i>). Please do not say anything about it to +any one. Your very great kindness and affection for our +children has induced me to mention this to <i>you</i>, who moreover +<i>saw the first dawning of these prospects</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Dear Mamma starts to-day for Edinburgh—sleeping to-night +at York. With Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: Prince Louis of Hesse, afterwards Grand Duke Louis IV. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Earl Canning.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TRANQUILLITY OF INDIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>2nd August 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thanks Lord Canning very much for a most +interesting letter of the 30th of May, giving a most comprehensive +and gratifying account of his progress through her +Indian dominions, and of his reception of the different Princes +and Chiefs. Such reception and such kind considerate treatment +of them is, as Lord Canning knows, entirely in unison +with the Queen's <i>own</i> feelings, and both the Prince and herself +have been peculiarly gratified at reading this account, and +feel sure of the good effect it must have on these Princes, +and on India in general.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have just seen Lord Clyde looking wonderfully well; +he speaks in high terms of Lord Canning, and enthusiastically +of dear Lady Canning. Alas! another most valuable public +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.406" id="pageiii.406"></a>[page 406]</span> +servant and friend of ours, Lord Elphinstone,<sup>32</sup> only returned +to die! Lord Canning will grieve much no doubt to hear +this.</p> + +<p class="ind">Both he and Lady Canning will have heard with interest +of the birth of our second grandchild and first grand-daughter.<sup>33</sup> +Nothing can go better than the Princess Royal does. Of the +Prince of Wales's arrival in Canada we could not yet hear, +but shall do so in a few days.</p> + +<p class="ind">This country and Europe continue to be in a state of alarms, +or rather more profound distrust in, the conduct and purposes +of our neighbour. Fortunately the feeling of Germany is so +unanimous upon this subject, and the Emperor's attempt to +produce disaffection or division there has so signally failed +and produced so diametrically a contrary effect, and Belgium +has shown such an enthusiastic spirit of loyalty only equal +to the public spirit which this country has shown in the +Volunteer movement, that it is to be hoped these sinister +designs are checked for a time at least.</p> + +<p class="ind">With the Prince's kind remembrance to Lord Canning, the +Queen concludes, hoping this letter will find him in good +health, and Lady Canning safely returned from her expedition.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.313" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 313</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 33: The Princess Charlotte of Prussia, now Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen, was +born on the 24th of July. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT TO SCOTLAND</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Holyrood</span>, <i>7th August 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I have <i>many</i> excuses for sending a +few hurried lines from here, instead of my usual letter, but I +was much hurried yesterday; the separation from baby quite +upset me, as she too cried very much—but she is consoled +again.</p> + +<p class="ind">Many thanks for your dear letter of the 3rd, which I shall +duly answer on Friday.</p> + +<p class="ind">We came down here by <i>night</i> train, arriving at eight. We +paid dear Mamma a visit at her really charming residence at +Cramond,<sup>34</sup> quite near the sea, with beautiful trees, and very +cheerful.</p> + +<p class="ind">And this afternoon she was present the whole time at the +splendid Volunteer Review, which lasted from half-past three +till near six, in the open carriage with me, and enjoyed it so +much; and I was so <i>happy</i> to have <i>her</i> with me on this memorable +occasion, having had <i>you</i> with me on the previous +occasion.<sup>35</sup> And it was magnificent—finer decidedly than in +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.407" id="pageiii.407"></a>[page 407]</span> +London—there were more (1,400 more), and then the scenery +here is so splendid! That fine mountain of Arthur's Seat, +crowded with thousands and thousands to the very top—and +the Scotch are very noisy and demonstrative in their loyalty. +Lord Breadalbane, at the head of his Highlanders, was the +picture of a Highland chieftain. The dust was quite fearful! +At nine we leave for Balmoral. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: The Duchess of Kent was spending the summer at Cramond House, near Edinburgh.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 35: The Review in Hyde Park, which took place on the 23rd of June. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE HIGHLANDS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>10th September 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I have no letter from you, but trust +you are quite well. Here we have had a week of very fine +weather, but since Saturday it has been extremely cold. We +made a most delightful incognito expedition on Tuesday last, +4th, returning on Wednesday, 5th. We drove off from here +quite early at eight, for twenty-one miles up to the <i>Geldie</i>, a +small river—<i>rode</i> from here on ponies across the hills to Glen +Fishie, a beautiful spot, where the old Duchess of Bedford +used to live in a sort of encampment of wooden huts—on to +Loch Inch, a beautiful but not wild lake (another twenty +miles), crossed the Spey in a ferry, and posted in very rough +vehicles to Grantown, again twenty miles, coming in there +at nine. We passed close by Kinrara where you used to be, +but, unfortunately, not by the house. <i>No</i> one knew us—anywhere +or at the little inn. We went under the names of +Lord and Lady Churchill, and Lady Churchill and General +Grey who went with us, under the names of Miss Spencer and +Dr Grey! Two maids <i>only</i> went with us (whom we had sent +round with our things), and <i>no</i> servants but our two excellent +Highlanders, viz. Albert's first stalker or head keeper, and +<i>my own Highland servant</i> and factotum—<i>both</i> excellent, intelligent, +devoted people. <i>Only</i> when we had <i>left</i> was it found +out. We posted to Tomantoul, a wretched village—fourteen +miles, <i>in four hours!!</i> with a pair of wretched tired horses—over +a big hilly road. At Tomantoul we again took our +ponies and rode by Avon Side and Glen Avon, also very fine; +back to Loch Bulig—eight miles from here—whence we returned +home in our carriage. It was a <i>most delightful</i> and +enjoyable, as well as <i>beautiful</i>, expedition. I have been besides +on many other ones for the day.</p> + +<p class="ind">In Italy I fear the state of affairs is very distressing—but +really the miserable, weak, and foolish conduct of the King +of Naples<sup>36</sup> and the squabbles of the whole family takes away +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.408" id="pageiii.408"></a>[page 408]</span> +all one's sympathy! We leave here alas! on Saturday, stop +till Monday evening at Edinburgh to see Mamma, and go on +that night straight to Osborne, where we expect to arrive on +Tuesday for breakfast. With Albert's affectionate love, ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 36: King Francis had just fled from Naples to Gaëta, and Garibaldi shortly afterwards +arrived in Naples. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>18th September 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and will have the honour of waiting upon your Majesty +at Osborne to-morrow. Your Majesty must naturally feel +regret at shortening so much your Majesty's agreeable holiday +in the Highlands, though the happiness of meeting the Princess +Royal must amply make amends for it; but the fact is that +of all the gifts which good fairies were in the habit of bestowing +on their favourites, that which would have been the most +desirable would have been the power which the Irishman +ascribed to a bird, of being in two places at one and the same +time.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AUSTRIAN PROPOSAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>20th September 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and submits the accompanying letters which he has +received from Lord John Russell, together with Lord John's +letter to him; and he certainly agrees with Lord John in +thinking that a meeting at present between your Majesty +and the Emperor of Austria, though in many respects likely +to be useful, would on the whole be so liable to misconstruction, +and would prove such a fertile source of misrepresentation, +that it would be better to avoid it. Such a meeting would +undoubtedly be useful to the Emperor of Austria, by reason +of the good advice which he would receive from your Majesty, +and from His Royal Highness the Prince Consort; but your +Majesty will probably be able to find some other way of conveying +to the Emperor counsel calculated to save him from +some of the dangers by which he appears to be beset.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>21st September 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen received these letters from Lord Palmerston, +who likewise communicated to her Lord John Russell's letter, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.409" id="pageiii.409"></a>[page 409]</span> +respecting the hint thrown out by Count Rechberg<sup>37</sup> of a +meeting with the Emperor of Austria. The Queen agrees +with Lord Palmerston, that while such an interview might +for many reasons have been desirable, under present circumstances +it might lead to much talk and to many rumours +which might do harm, or at any rate give rise to useless conjectures. +It would therefore be better to "nip this project +in the bud" as Lord John suggests, but care should be taken +to do this in such a manner as not to let it appear that there +was any disinclination on the Queen's part to meet the +Emperor of Austria.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 37: In a letter to Mr Julian Fane, Count Rechberg, the Austrian Foreign Minister, had +said that he had desired to bring about an interview between the Queen and the Emperor +of Austria, but that there would have been difficulties in the way. Lord John Russell +was of opinion that the idea should be nipped in the bud, and in this Lord Palmerston +fully concurred. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of Naples to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">APPEAL FROM KING OF NAPLES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Gaëta</span>, <i>le 6 Octobre 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame ma Sœur</span>,—Le mémorandum qu'à la date d'aujourd'hui +mon Gouvernement adresse à celui de votre Majesté, +les protestations que dans ces derniers temps je lui ai fait +parvenir donneront à votre Majesté une idée claire des conflits +par lesquels j'ai passé, et de la situation où je me trouve.</p> + +<p class="ind">A la sagacité de votre Majesté ne peut échapper la transcendance +des événements qui se passent dans le Royaume +des Deux Siciles, et dans les États Pontificaux. J'étais, et je +suis seul à lutter contre toutes les forces de la révolution +Européenne. Cette révolution s'est présentée avec un pouvoir +que jamais on ne lui avait connu, armes, parcs d'artillerie, +munitions, vaisseaux, rien ne lui a manqué, pas même les ports +d'une puissance pour se recruter, et son drapeau pour la +couvrir.</p> + +<p class="ind">Ces événements établissent un nouveau droit public, fondé +sur la destruction des anciens traités et des principes reconnus +du droit des gens. La cause que je défends seul à Naples +n'est pas seulement ma propre cause; elle est la cause de tous +les Souverains et de tous les États indépendants.</p> + +<p class="ind">La question qui se débat dans le Royaume des Deux Siciles, +est une question de vie ou de mort pour d'autres États d'Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">C'est à ce titre, et non par un intérêt personnel que j'ose +m'adresser à la haute raison de votre Majesté, à Sa prévoyance +et à Sa justice.</p> + +<p class="ind">La grande position qu'occupe votre Majesté dans le monde, +Sa sagesse, les relations amicales qui ont toujours existé entre +nos deux familles, et la bienveillance particulière dont votre +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.410" id="pageiii.410"></a>[page 410]</span> +Majesté a daigné toujours m'honorer, me font espérer, que +votre Majesté verra dans cet appel que je fais avec confiance +à Sa politique et à Sa justice, une nouvelle preuve du respect +que j'ai eu toujours pour Elle, de l'affection sincère, et des +sentiments de haute considération avec lesquels j'ai l'honneur +d'être, Madame ma Sœur, de votre Majesté, le bon Frère,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Francois</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">TOUR OF PRINCE ALFRED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>2nd November 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,— ... Bertie's visit seems to have +gone off most splendidly; its effects will be useful. The +enemies of England always flatter themselves that mischief +may come from that part of the world. To see, therefore, +friendly feelings arise, instead of war, will disappoint them +much. Alfred's appearance at the Cape<sup>38</sup> has also been a +most wise measure. South Africa has a great future to +expect, it is a pity it is so far and I too old to go there; the +plants alone are already a great temptation. I should like +very much to hear what came to your knowledge of the +Warsaw meeting.<sup>39</sup> Prince Gortschakoff tried hard to make it +believe that it would bring <i>Russia nearer to France</i>. If this +was to be the result of the meeting it would be a very sad one +indeed....</p> +<span class="rightnote">SARDINIA AND NAPLES</span> +<p class="ind">The way in which the English Press misunderstands all +these things is quite lamentable. The meeting of the Sovereigns +had this time a better object than the oppression of +the liberties of Nations; that this should not be seen by +people who would be the first sufferers of the supremacy +of a certain power is very lamentable, but they see everything +only according to the colour of <i>their</i> spectacles. <i>Le Flibustive</i> +movement at Naples is very shameful, but that poor +King has been so calumniated that Garibaldi is the rage of +the present moment; Colonel Walker<sup>40</sup> has been shot, and +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.411" id="pageiii.411"></a>[page 411]</span> +Garibaldi, who comes out of that self-same school, is divinised. +But it is time I should end. With my best love to dear Albert, +I remain ever, my beloved Victoria, your devoted old Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 38: Prince Alfred, who, some time before, had been appointed to the <i>Euryalus</i>, in the +course of the summer visited South Africa. After making a tour through Kaffraria, +Natal, and the Orange Free State, he returned to Cape Town, where, in September, he +laid the foundation stone of the breakwater in Table Bay. In a letter written by the +Prince Consort a few weeks earlier to Baron Stockmar, he remarks upon the noteworthy +coincidence that almost in the same week in which the elder brother would open the great +bridge across the St Lawrence, the younger would lay the foundation stone of the breakwater +for the Cape Town Harbour. "What a cheering picture is here," he wrote, "of +the progress and expansion of the British race, and of the useful co-operation of the +Royal Family in the civilisation which England has developed and advanced" (<i>Life of +the Prince Consort</i>, vol. v. p. 88).</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 39: The Emperors of Russia and Austria, and the Prince Regent of Prussia met at Warsaw +on 20th October, and held a conference which extended over several days.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 40: Walker, in the course of one of the Nicaraguan revolutions, had seized the supreme +power, and had been recognised as President by the U.S. Government; he was afterwards +expelled, and, on venturing to return, was arrested, and shot on the 25th of +September 1860. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>3rd November 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the enclosed draft,<sup>41</sup> which she is afraid +is not likely to produce the beneficial results which Lord John +seems to anticipate.</p> + +<p class="ind">The expression of our hope, that Rome and Venetia, from +their Italian nationality, will soon share in the freedom and +good government of the rest of Italy, can only be understood +as a declaration on our part that we wish to see them share +the annexation to Sardinia, after that of the Two Sicilies shall +have been completed.</p> + +<p class="ind">The declaration at the end after the quotations of the +former protests, vague as it is, viz. "That if other Powers +interfere England would do as she pleases," means either +nothing at all (for England is free to do as she pleases) or it +means a threat of war, either an empty threat, or one intended +to be followed up when the occasion arises. The first +would hardly be dignified for a great Power like England, +and as to the second, the Queen for one is not prepared to +decide to go to war to ensure the success of the Italian Revolution.</p> + +<p class="ind">But is such a declaration at the present moment called +for by anything that has happened? Another despatch has +accepted as satisfactory the French explanation about the +order given to the fleet before Gaëta, and Austria has renewed +her assurances that she will not interfere; the only +Power likely to continue to interfere and to produce war—Sardinia—is +held to have an exceptional right to it, as an +"Italian" Power.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen thinks this important despatch should not be +laid before her again without its having received the deliberate +consideration and assent of the whole Cabinet, and in case +Lord John should bring it before them the Queen would wish +him to communicate this letter also to them, as embodying +her views on the subject.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 41: This draft despatch, prepared in order to be sent to all the Powers, expressed approval +of the Italian Revolution. It concluded: "Her Majesty's Government deem it right +to declare that if any other Power should attempt forcible interference, Her Majesty's +Government will hold themselves free to act in such a manner as the rights of nations, +the independence of Italy, and the interests of Europe may seem to them to require." +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.412" id="pageiii.412"></a>[page 412]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>3rd November 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to the position of Great Britain, Lord John +Russell is bound to advise that it shall not suffer by the change +of circumstances.</p> + +<p class="ind">From 1815 to 1859 Austria ruled Italy. If Italians had +reason to complain, England had nothing to fear from the use +of Austrian influence against British interests.</p> + +<p class="ind">But if France were to sway the united Navies of Genoa +and Naples, and Great Britain to look on from fear or apathy, +or excessive love of peace, she might soon have to defend her +possessions of Malta, Corfu, and Gibraltar.</p> + +<p class="ind">Austria would hardly attempt any new aggression on Italy, +unless she were assisted by France.</p> + +<p class="ind">Italy as one Power would derive strength from the declaration +of Great Britain, as a disinterested friend.</p> + +<p class="ind">A letter of Lord Cowley will show your Majesty the suspicions +and doubts which exist as to French policy in Italy.<sup>42</sup> +All these projects will be scattered to the winds by the word +of the British Government.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 42: Lord Cowley wrote that he had heard through Count Metternich that the Emperor +of the French would never consent to the annexation of Naples to Piedmont, that he +wished the Pope to retain Umbria and the Marches, and that the Romagna should be an +independent State. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of Naples.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">REPLY TO KING OF NAPLES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>3rd November 1860.</i></p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sir, my Brother</span>,—The letter I have received from your +Majesty, dated from Gaëta on the 6th of October, is altogether +devoted to political considerations.</p> + +<p class="ind">These considerations have for a long time occupied the +thoughts of my confidential advisers, and I have directed them +to convey to my Ministers abroad such instructions as occasion +appeared to me to require.</p> + +<p class="ind">I will therefore confine this letter to those topics which are +not the immediate subjects of political controversy.</p> + +<p class="ind">Upon your Majesty's accession to the Throne I lost no time +in assuring your Majesty of my sincere wishes for the prosperity +of your reign, and the permanence of your dynasty.</p> + +<p class="ind">At the same time I was fully aware of the difficulties of +the period at which your Majesty succeeded to the Crown. +That these difficulties should not have been surmounted, and +that they should now threaten to overwhelm the Monarchy, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.413" id="pageiii.413"></a>[page 413]</span> +of which your Majesty is the heir, is to me a source of deep +concern.</p> + +<p class="ind">It only remains that I should ask your Majesty to express +to the Queen my sincere sympathy in her misfortunes. I +avail myself of this opportunity to renew to your Majesty +the assurance of the invariable friendship and high consideration +with which I am, Sir, my Brother, your Majesty's good +Sister,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RETURN OF PRINCE ALFRED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>13th November 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—...Here we have the happiness +of having our dear Alfred back since the 9th, who gives <i>very</i> +interesting accounts of his expedition, and has brought back +<i>many</i> most interesting trophies, splendid horns of <i>all</i> those +wonderful animals, photographs, etc. He <i>is</i> grown, though +very <i>short</i> for his age, but I think less so than his brother at +the same age. Major Cowell<sup>43</sup> gives an <i>excellent</i> report of him +in <i>every way</i>, which, as you will readily believe, makes us +<i>very</i> happy. He is really such a dear, gifted, handsome child, +that it makes one doubly anxious he should have as few +failings as mortal men can have. Our poor Bertie is still on +the Atlantic, detained by very contrary winds, which those +large vessels with only an auxiliary screw and only eight days' +coal cannot make any way against. Two powerful steamers +have now gone out to look for him and bring him in....</p> + +<p class="ind">With Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 43: Major (afterwards Sir John) Cowell was appointed as Tutor to Prince Alfred in 1856. +He was then a Lieutenant of Engineers, and had been Adjutant to Sir Harry Jones at +Bomarsund and before Sebastopol. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>22nd November 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to submit that, as it appears from a despatch +from Lord Cowley that the commercial negotiations at Paris +have been brought to a conclusion, and that Mr Cobden has +left Paris, the time has come for your Majesty to consider +what substantial mark of your Majesty's approval your +Majesty would be pleased to confer upon Mr Cobden. Mr +Cobden has now for about twelve months been laboriously +employed without salary or emolument in negotiating the +complicated details of commercial arrangements between +England and France, which cannot fail to tend to the material +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.414" id="pageiii.414"></a>[page 414]</span> +advantage of both countries, but more especially to the increased +development of the industry and commerce of your +Majesty's subjects. It would be an ungracious proceeding +to leave the services of Mr Cobden with no other acknowledgment +than the praises contained in a Foreign Office +despatch, and Viscount Palmerston therefore with the concurrence +of Lord John Russell would beg to submit for the +gracious approval of your Majesty that Mr Cobden might be +offered his choice of being created a Knight Grand Cross of +the Civil Order of the Bath, or of being made a Member of +your Majesty's Privy Council.</p> + +<p class="ind">(<i>Note, in Queen's hand.</i>—Was agreed to offer him either to +be made a P.C., or a Baronet.)<sup>44</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 44: Mr Cobden declined both the Honours. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPRESS OF AUSTRIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>22nd November 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—I have to thank you for a most +kind letter of the 20th. I hope you will see the young and +very nice Empress of Austria,<sup>45</sup> perhaps you made a little +excursion to Plymouth. I had, and have still, some cold, +and therefore I was apprehensive of waiting at the station +on the 20th in the evening; I sent Marie and Philip to receive +the Empress. Yesterday before daybreak I went myself to +Antwerp. I first paid the Empress a visit, and then I took +her to your beautiful ship. She was much struck with it, +and it was <i>very kind</i> of you, and indeed, for an invalid, invaluable. +It will show, besides, that even beyond Garibaldi, +and that amiable, disinterested <i>Annex</i>ander, you can feel +some interest. I saw the Empress already dressed for her +departure, but I think there is something very peculiar about +her, which is very pleasing. Poor soul, to see her go away +under, I fear, not very safe circumstances, as she coughs a +great deal, quite grieves one; though it certainly increased +my stupid cold, still I should have been sorry not to have +assisted at her going to sea. It was a beautiful day, but this +night it has begun to blow from the West-south-west, which +I fear will create a sea to the Westward.</p> + +<p class="ind">That you had your sons about you must have been a great +satisfaction to you. Bertie got well through his truly tremendous +tour. I think that the effect on the Americans will +last for some time. That the poor Duke of Newcastle got +home without accident is surprising. Affy has something most +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.415" id="pageiii.415"></a>[page 415]</span> +winning, and is a dear little rogue. Eugénie's expedition<sup>46</sup> +is most astonishing. She also coughs much, and I never +heard Scotland recommended for Winter excursions. I +believe that the death of her sister affected her a good deal. +She seems to have been a good deal <i>choquée</i> that she had been +dancing in Africa when that poor sister was dying. Next to +this, there seems a difference of opinion with her master on +the subject of the Pope. You will recollect that at the time +of his elections the clergy rendered him undoubted good +service; I even doubt that he would have been elected without +their aid. Now he puts the axe to the root of the whole +Catholic Church by destroying the Pope, and he does this +<i>without the slightest provocation</i>, and for the benefit of the +revolution <i>et des révolutionnaires</i>....</p> + +<p class="ind">I remain ever, my beloved Victoria, your devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 45: The Empress Elizabeth was on her way to Madeira, in a ship placed at her disposal +by the Queen.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 46: The Empress of the French was making a tour in England and Scotland for the +benefit of her health; she had sustained a bereavement by the death of her sister, the +Duchess of Alba. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BETROTHAL OF PRINCESS ALICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>1st December 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—I hasten to announce to you that yesterday +our dear young couple here were engaged, and that we +<i>are all</i> very happy.<sup>47</sup> Louis was spoken to yesterday on our +return from Aldershot by Albert,—who told him he would +have an opportunity of speaking to Alice—and this opportunity +he took last night after dinner when he was standing +alone with her at the fire, and every one else was occupied in +talking. They whispered it to me, and then, after we left +the drawing-room, we sent for good Louis—and the young +people met and confirmed in a very touching manner <i>what</i> they +had merely been able to whisper to one another before. He was +very much overcome. He is a dear, good, amiable, high-principled +young man—who I am sure will make our dearest Alice +<i>very</i> happy, and she will, I am sure, be a most devoted loving +wife to him. She is <i>very, very</i> happy, and it is a pleasure to see +their young, happy faces beaming with love for one another. +Alice is so extremely reasonable and quiet. She wishes everything +kind and affectionate to be said to you, and <i>hopes</i> for your +<i>blessing!</i> I am very, very happy, so are we both, but I am still +a good deal agitated and flurried by the whole event.</p> + +<p class="ind">On Tuesday the Empress arrives, but only to luncheon. +I must end now in haste. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">Pray tell it to good Philip, and also to Leopold and Marie.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 47: See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.405" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 405</a>. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.416" id="pageiii.416"></a>[page 416]</span> + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE SEE OF WORCESTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>1st December 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord Palmerston's second letter +respecting the Bishopric of Worcester,<sup>48</sup> just as she was going +to answer the first. While not objecting to the nomination +of Mr Bayley,<sup>49</sup> she wanted to point out the importance of, at a +future vacancy, not to confine the selection to respectable +parish priests, but to bear in mind that the Bench of Bishops +should not be left devoid of some University men of acknowledged +standing and theological learning; it would be seriously +weakened if, in controversies on points of doctrine agitating +the Church, no value were attached to the opinions at least +of some of those who are to govern her. Lord Palmerston +may now have an opportunity of selecting a stronger man +of Liberal views from Cambridge.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 48: Bishop Henry Pepys had died in November, and was succeeded in the following +January by Canon Henry Philpott of Norwich, Master of St Catharine's College, Cambridge.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 49: Probably the Rev. Emilius Bayley, Rector of St George's, Bloomsbury; now the +Rev. Sir Emilius Laurie. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">EPISCOPAL APPOINTMENTS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>2nd December 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and very sincerely congratulates your Majesty upon +the arrangement of a marriage which bids so fair to secure for +Her Royal Highness the Princess Alice that happiness to +which her amiable and estimable qualities so justly entitle her.</p> + +<p class="ind">With respect to bishops, Viscount Palmerston would beg +to submit that the bishops are in the Church what generals +of districts are in the Army: their chief duties consist in +watching over the clergy of their diocese, seeing that they +perform properly their parochial duties, and preserving +harmony between the clergy and the laity, and softening the +asperities between the Established Church and the Dissenters. +For these purposes it is desirable that a bishop should have +practical knowledge of parochial functions, and should not be +of an overbearing and intolerant temperament. His diocesan +duties are enough to occupy all his time, and the less he engages +in theological disputes the better. Much mischief has +been done by theological bishops, and if the Bench were filled +with men like the Bishops of Oxford and Exeter there would +be no religious peace in the land. Nor have men chosen +merely for their learning succeeded better; Thirlwall, Bishop +of St David's, and Blomfield, the late Bishop of London, were +chosen on account of their learning; the former is acknowledged +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.417" id="pageiii.417"></a>[page 417]</span> +to be inefficient, the latter greatly mismanaged his +diocese. The theological learning of the Bishop of Exeter<sup>50</sup> +has caused much mischief to the Established Church. Viscount +Palmerston would also beg to submit that the intolerant +maxims of the High Church bishops have exasperated the +Dissenters who form a large portion of the nation, and have +given offence to many good Churchmen. The Bishop of +Exeter, the late Bishop of Carlisle,<sup>51</sup> and the late Bishop of +Rochester,<sup>52</sup> the two latter individuals kind-hearted and good-natured +men, refused to consecrate burial grounds unless a +wall of separation divided the portion allotted to Churchmen +from the portion allotted to Dissenters—a demand which gave +offence to both communities. Viscount Palmerston would +beg to submit that several of the bishops whom he has had +the honour of recommending to your Majesty had distinguished +themselves by their classical and academical attainments, +and he may mention in this respect the names of Baring, +Longley, Tait, Wigram, and Waldegrave. Viscount Palmerston +can assure your Majesty that although his selection of +bishops has been much found fault with by the High Church, +Puseyite, and semi-Catholic Party, they have given great +satisfaction to the nation at large, and Viscount Palmerston +has received communications to that effect, verbal and written, +from persons of all classes, and political parties in all parts +of the country. The people of this country are essentially +Protestant, they feel the deepest aversion to Catholicism, and +they see that the High Church, Tractarian, and Puseyite +doctrines lead men to the Church of Rome. The disgraceful +scenes last year at St George's in the East<sup>53</sup> were only an +exaggerated outburst of a very general and deeply-rooted +feeling. Viscount Palmerston believes that the clergy of the +Established Church were never more exemplary in the performance +of their duties, more respected by the Laity and, +generally speaking, on better terms with the Nonconformist +body than at the present time.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: Henry Phillpotts, who was Bishop from 1830 to 1869.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 51: The Hon. Henry Montagu Villiers, who was transferred to Durham.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 52: George Murray, who had died in the previous February.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 53: For a considerable period, during 1859, discreditable scenes of brawling took place +at this Church as a protest against the High Church practices of the Rector, the Rev. +Bryan King. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AFFAIRS OF NAPLES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>4th December 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I have to thank you for another +dear letter of the 29th. I trust that you have received both +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.418" id="pageiii.418"></a>[page 418]</span> +mine now. We expect the Empress at half-past one, and I +will certainly give her your message. She is very amiable, +and one must like her. There seems to be no doubt that +there were many scenes, partly about the Pope, and also on +account of her sister's funeral; she was so angry with Fould +about it that she insisted on his dismissal.<a id="footnotetagXXIX54" name="footnotetagXXIX54"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIX54"><sup>54</sup></a> Then the Priests +are said to try and work upon her, and say that her son will +die if the Emperor continues <i>dans cette voie</i> against the Pope.</p> + +<p class="ind">We saw Mr Elliot<a id="footnotetagXXIX55" name="footnotetagXXIX55"></a><a href="#footnoteXXIX55"><sup>55</sup></a> from Naples yesterday, who has always +been very fair. He says that <i>if</i>, when the King came to the +Throne, he had <i>only</i> insisted on the laws of the country being +properly carried out, <i>no</i> reforms or change in the Constitution +would have been necessary—but from the want of energy, +and also no strength of intellect and great indecision of character +of the poor King, as well as an unfortunate <i>Pietät</i> for the +memory of his father, nothing right was done; bad counsellors +surrounded him, the Queen Mother had a bad influence, and +finally everything was given up as lost—when it might yet +have been prevented. They dislike extremely being annexed, +but prefer it to having back the former state of things.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have since ten or twelve days almost incessant rain, so +that we shall soon be on an island. This is the more distressing +as we can't go to Osborne at present—there being a sort of +epidemic fever which the doctors declare is in the air and that +it would be running too great a risk if we went. But we have +perpetual sunshine in the house when we look at our dear +young lovers, who are <i>so</i> happy, so devoted to each other, +that it does one good to see it; he is so modest and unassuming +that we feel as if he was one of our own children; and he is <i>so</i> +good and amiable, has such an open honest character, such a +warm heart, such high principles, and is withal so merry and +<i>aufgeweckt</i> that I feel we have <i>gained</i> a son and shall <i>not</i> +lose +a daughter—for we shall be able to have them a good deal +with us, Louis not having any duties to detain him much at +home at present. I can't say what happiness and comfort it +is to me. I feel my dear child will first of all have a peaceful, +quiet, happy home, without difficulties—and secondly, that +she will not be entirely cut off from us and monopolised as +our poor Vicky is.</p> + +<p class="ind">I add a few lines since we have seen the Empress. She +came at half-past one, and stayed till a little after three. She +looked very pretty, but very sad—and in speaking of her +health and of her return from Algiers began to cry. She +seems to be much better, however, for her journey; before +she could neither eat nor sleep, nor would she take notice of +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.419" id="pageiii.419"></a>[page 419]</span> +anything. She never mentioned the Emperor but once when +she offered his compliments, and there was not the slightest +allusion to politics. It is altogether very strange. She +remains another week in England, and then goes back as she +came. I gave her your message, and she enquired after you. +Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXIX54" name="footnoteXXIX54"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIX54">Footnote 54:</a> See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.333" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 333</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXIX55" name="footnoteXXIX55"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXIX55">Footnote 55:</a> See <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.356" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 356</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT OF THE EMPRESS EUGENIE</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>Windsor Castle, 11th December 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I have to thank you for two <i>most</i> +kind letters of the 4th and 7th. Your kind interest in our +dear child's happiness—your approval of this marriage of our +dear Alice, which, I cannot deny, has been for <i>long</i> an ardent +wish of mine, and just therefore I feared <i>so</i> much it <i>never</i> would +come to pass, gives us the greatest pleasure. <i>Now</i>—that <i>all</i> +has been so <i>happily</i> settled, and that I find the young man so +very charming—my joy, and my <i>deep</i> gratitude to God are +very great! He is so loveable, so very <i>young</i>, and like one of +our own children—not the <i>least in the way</i>—but a dear, +pleasant, <i>bright</i> companion, full of fun and spirits, and I am +<i>sure</i> will be a <i>great</i> comfort to us, besides being an excellent +husband to our dear, good Alice, who, though radiant with +joy and much in love (which well she may be), is as quiet and +sensible as possible.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Empress is still here, and enjoys her liberty of <i>all</i> +things. We went to town for the Smithfield Cattle Show +yesterday, and visited her at Claridge's Hotel. She very +civilly wanted us to avoid the trouble, but we felt that it +would not be civil if we did not, and that hereafter even the +French might say that she had not been treated with due +respect. She looked very pretty, and was in very good spirits, +but again carefully avoided any allusion to her husband and +to politics, though she talked a great deal about all she was +seeing!...</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now wish you good-bye. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.420" id="pageiii.420"></a>[page 420]</span> + + +<h3 style="margin-top: 5em;">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3> + +<h3 style="margin-top: -0.5em;">TO CHAPTER XXX</h3> + + +<p>Early in 1861—a year destined to close in sorrow and desolation— +Queen Victoria experienced a heavy grief in the death of her mother, +the Duchess of Kent, at the age of seventy-four.</p> + +<p>In January, fresh overtures were made to Lord Palmerston by the +Conservative leaders, with a view of supporting him in office against +the dissentients in his Ministry, especially Lord John Russell and +Mr Gladstone, whose views on the questions of Reform and National +Defence respectively were opposed to those of the Premier. Lord +Palmerston was indifferent to the support of Mr Gladstone; but a +unity of view on the Italian policy of the Government held the three +Liberal statesmen together.</p> + +<p>The attack on the Paper Duties was repeated by Mr Gladstone, +who, on this occasion, combined all his fiscal proposals in a single +Bill. The measure, after strong opposition, passed the Commons +by a majority of fifteen, and the Peers subsequently accepted the +Budget, which took a penny off the income tax, while maintaining +the existing tea and sugar Duties. In July, Lord John Russell, +who had entered Parliament in 1813, before he came of age and +had been leader of the House of Commons at the time of the Queen's +accession, was transferred to the House of Lords. In August, the +Queen and the Prince Consort, with the Prince of Wales and Prince +Alfred, paid a third visit to Ireland.</p> + +<p>The affairs of Italy still continued to attract public attention. At +the end of 1860, the French fleet had been despatched to Gaëta to +protect the interests of King Francis; this protection, given in +violation of the principle of non-intervention, was withdrawn in +January, and the garrison surrendered to the Piedmontese Admiral. +On the 18th of February, the new Parliament of Italy met at Turin, +the debates emphasising the vital necessity of including both Rome +and Venetia in a united nation; Victor Emmanuel was declared +King of Italy, a title promptly recognised by Great Britain; but in +June, to the profound grief of the Italian nation, Cavour, its Prime +Minister, and the mainspring of the Piedmontese policy, died while +still in the prime of life.</p> + +<p>King Frederick William of Prussia had died in January, and was +succeeded by his brother, William I., Prince of Prussia, who was +crowned with Queen Augusta, at Königsberg, on the 18th of October, +Lord Clarendon attending as British representative. In the following +month, King Pedro of Portugal, son and successor of Donna +Maria, and his brother Ferdinand, died of typhoid fever; another +brother, Prince John, succumbed to the same malady before the close +of the year.</p> + +<p>Events of great importance took place in North America, where +the secession of South Carolina was followed by that of other Southern +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.421" id="pageiii.421"></a>[page 421]</span> +States. The delegates of the latter assembled in February at Montgomery, +Alabama, and nominated Jefferson Davis as their President, +Abraham Lincoln having been previously elected as the new President +of the United States. The first shot had been fired, on the 9th of +January, in Charleston Harbour, where a Secessionist battery opened +its guns on a vessel sent by the Federal Government to reinforce +Fort Sumter. In April, the Confederate troops attacked the Fort, +which was compelled to surrender, whereupon President Lincoln +issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers; President Davis +replied by issuing (in default of an official fleet) letters of marque +to privately owned vessels, and Lincoln declared the Southern ports +in a state of blockade. In May, Lord John Russell announced that +the British Government would recognise the South as a belligerent +power, and a proclamation of neutrality was issued. At Bull Run, +on the 21st of July, the Federals were defeated, and fled in confusion +to Washington. Hostilities continued during the year, and Great +Britain was nearly involved in war, by the seizure, on the 8th of +November, by the captain of a Federal vessel, the <i>San Jacinto</i>, of +Messrs Slidell and Mason, the envoys accredited by the Confederate +States to Great Britain and France. This high-handed action was +taken while the envoys in question were passengers to Europe, by +the British mail steamer <i>Trent</i>, between Havana and St Thomas, and +the public mind of Great Britain was greatly excited in consequence; +but eventually the envoys were transferred to a British ship-of-war, +and arrived in Great Britain, not, however, until in view of a threatened +aggression on British North America, troops had been despatched +from England to strengthen the Canadian garrisons on the +frontier. The despatch of Lord Russell to the American Government, +which led to a pacific result, had been revised by Prince Albert, in the +direction of leaving open to that Government an honourable retreat +from the aggressive attitude they had taken up; the Prince's action +in this respect, the beneficial effect of which it would be difficult to +exaggerate, was destined to be the last of a long series of political +services rendered to this country.</p> + +<p>It had become apparent in the autumn that Prince Albert's normal +health was impaired, and in November he began to suffer from persistent +insomnia; towards the end of the month the fever originated +which was to prove fatal to him. He suffered at first from rheumatic +pains and constant weakness, until, early in December, what was +thought to be influenza developed, and the Prince was confined to +his room. By the 11th his condition, though not hopeless, had +become grave, and the serious nature of the illness was made public; +and, although on the 12th the Queen could write hopefully to King +Leopold, the malady continued to increase. On the evening of the +13th, a rally took place, and encouraging reports were brought hourly +to the Queen through the night; but congestion of the lungs supervened +on the following day, in the closing hours of which, to the +inexpressible grief both of the Queen and her subjects, the Prince +passed peacefully away. The letters of the Queen to King Leopold +and Lord Canning express, in language to which nothing can be added, +the intensity of her grief, and, no less, the noble and unselfish courage +with which she resolved to devote her life to her children and country.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.422" id="pageiii.422"></a>[page 422]</span> + + + + +<h2 style="margin-top: 5em; margin-bottom: 1em;">CHAPTER XXX</h2> + +<h5>1861</h5> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CONSERVATIVE OVERTURES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>1st January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Viscount Palmerston</span> presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to be allowed to wish your Majesty and +His Royal Highness the Prince Consort many prosperous +returns of New Year's Day, with increasing happiness to your +Majesty and the Royal Family, and progressive advantage +to the Nation who have the good fortune to have your Majesty +for their Sovereign; and to adopt the language of Pope, he +would say,</p> + +<div class="poem"> <div class="stanza"> +<p>"May day improve on day, and year on year,</p> +<p>Without a pain, a trouble, or a fear."</p> + </div> </div> + +<p class="ind">This Autumn and Winter, however, have been productive of +events in three of the four quarters of the Globe, which future +years are not likely to repeat. The capture of Pekin in Asia +by British and French troops; the Union in Europe of nearly +the whole of Italy into one Monarchy; and the approaching +and virtually accomplished Dissolution in America of the +great Northern Confederation, are events full of importance +for the future, as well as being remarkable in time present.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston submits two letters which your +Majesty may feel an interest in seeing. With regard to that +from Lord John Russell stating a half-formed wish to go to +the House of Lords, Viscount Palmerston does not expect +that the desire will be repeated when the Session begins, +although Lord John said last year that he felt attendance in +the House of Commons in addition to the labour of his office, +more than he could well get through. He would be a loss to +Viscount Palmerston in the House of Commons, especially +after the removal of Mr Sidney Herbert to the House of Lords;<sup>1</sup> +and speaking confidentially to your Majesty with regard to +the future, Viscount Palmerston would think himself doing +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.423" id="pageiii.423"></a>[page 423]</span> +better service by recommending the House of Lords for Mr +Gladstone, than for Lord John Russell.</p> + +<p class="ind">Mr Herbert will take the title of Lord Herbert of Lea, the +title of Herbert being that borne by his elder brother during +the life of the late Lord Pembroke.</p> + +<p class="ind">The other letter from Lord Malmesbury relates to a communication +which he made to Viscount Palmerston last year +from Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli at the beginning of the +Session, to the effect that, if the Government were then to +break up from internal dissensions, the Conservative Party +would support during the then ensuing Session any administration +which Viscount Palmerston might be able provisionally +to make, to carry through the business of the Session.<sup>2</sup> Viscount +Palmerston is not aware of any circumstances which can +have led to the expectation that the present administration is +likely to be broken up by internal divisions in the course of this +next Session. There are no questions ahead so likely to +produce discord as the Reform Bill of last year, and the +differences between the two Houses about the Paper Duties, +about which it was very difficult to prevent Lord John and +Mr Gladstone from flying off, or the Fortification Question, +upon which Mr Gladstone announced to his colleagues, nearly +a dozen times, that he was firmly resolved to resign. Viscount +Palmerston has asked Lord Malmesbury to come over to him +to Broadlands at any time before the 21st or 22nd of this +month, which is the probable time at which the Cabinet will +have to meet in London.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston finds he has not got Lord John +Russell's letter at hand, but the only thing of any interest in +it was the intimation which Viscount Palmerston quoted.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 1: Mr Herbert had been latterly in bad health, and resigned office in the summer. He +died on the 2nd of August.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 2: In his memoirs, Lord Malmesbury describes an interview with Lord and Lady +Palmerston on the 1st of June 1860, apparently the one at which this communication +was made. "It is evident," he writes, "he [Lord Palmerston] does not wish to lose +Lord John, though he would be very glad if Gladstone resigned." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Paris</span>, <i>le 31 Décembre 1860</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madame et très chère Sœur</span>,—Je ne veux pas laisser +cette année s'écouler sans venir porter à votre Majesté l'expression +de mes souhaits pour son bonheur et celui du Prince +et de sa famille. J'espère que l'année qui va commencer sera +heureuse pour nos deux nations, et qu'elle verra encore nos +liens se resserrer. L'Europe est bien agitée, mais tant que +l'Angleterre et la France s'entendent, le mal pourra se localiser.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je félicite votre Majesté du succès que nos deux armées +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.424" id="pageiii.424"></a>[page 424]</span> +ont obtenu en Chine; laissons toujours nos étendards unis; +car Dieu semble les protéger.</p> + +<p class="ind">J'ai bien envié l'Impératrice qui a pu vous faire une visite +et revoir votre charmante famille: elle en a été bien heureuse.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je saisis avec empressement cette occasion de renouveler à +votre Majesté les sentiments de haute estime et de sincère +amitié avec lesquels je suis, de votre Majesté le bon Frère,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Napoléon</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Princess Royal to Queen Victoria and the Prince Albert.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF KING OF PRUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Potsdam</span>, <i>2nd January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Beloved Parents</span>,—At last I can find a moment for myself +to sit down and collect my thoughts and to write to you an +account of these two last dreadful days! My head is in such +a state, I do not know where I am hardly—whether I am in +a dream or awake, what is yesterday and what to-day! +What we have so long expected is come at last! All the +confusion, bustle, excitement, noise, etc., is all swallowed up +in that one thought for me—I have seen death for the first +time! It has made an impression upon me that I shall never, +never forget as long as I live—and I feel so ill, so confused and +upset by all that I have gone through in the last forty-eight +hours, that you must forgive me if I write incoherently and +unclearly. But to go back to Monday evening (it seems to +me a year now). At a quarter to eight in the evening of Monday +the 31st, I took dear darling Affie to the railway station, +and took leave of him with a heavy heart. You know I love +that dear boy distractedly, and that nothing could have +given me more pleasure than his dear, long-wished-for visit. +At nine o'clock Fritz and I went to tea at the Prince Regent's; +we four were alone together. The Princess was rather low +and unwell, the Prince low-spirited, and I thinking of nothing +but Affie and of how dear he is. While we were sitting at +tea we received bad news from Sans Souci,<a id="footnotetagXXX3" name="footnotetagXXX3"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX3"><sup>3</sup></a> but nothing to +make us particularly uneasy. Fritz and I went home and to +bed, not being in a humour to sit up till twelve.</p> + +<p class="ind">About half-past one we heard a knock at the door and my +wardrobe maid brought in a telegram saying the King was +given up, and a note from the Prince Regent saying he was +going up immediately. We got up in the greatest hurry and +dressed—I hardly know how; I put on just what I found, +and had not time to do my hair or anything. After we had +hurried on our clothes we went downstairs and out—for +there was no time to get a carriage or a footman or anything—it +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.425" id="pageiii.425"></a>[page 425]</span> +was a splendid night, but twelve degrees of cold (Réaumur). +I thought I was in a dream finding myself alone in the street +with Fritz at two o'clock at night. We went to the Prince +Regent's, and then with them in their carriages to the railway +station—we four all alone in the train. We arrived at Sans +Souci and went directly into the room where the King lay—the +stillness of death was in the room—only the light of the +fire and of a dim lamp. We approached the bed and stood +there at the foot of it, not daring to look at one another or to +say a word. The Queen was sitting in an armchair at the +head of the bed, her arm underneath the King's head, and her +head on the same pillow on which he lay; with her other +hand she continually wiped the perspiration from his forehead. +You might have heard a pin drop; no sound was heard but +the crackling of the fire and the <i>death-rattle</i>, that dreadful +sound which goes to one's heart, and which tells plainly that +life is ebbing. This rattling in the throat lasted about an +hour longer, and then the King lay motionless. The doctors +bent their heads low to hear whether he still breathed—and +we stood, not even daring to sit down, watching the death-struggle; +every now and then the King breathed very fast +and loud, but never unclosed his eyes; he was very red in +the face, and the cold perspiration pouring from his forehead. +I never spent such an awful time! And to see the poor +Queen sitting there quite rent my heart—three, four, five, +six, seven struck, and we were still standing there—one +member of the family came in after the other and remained +motionless in the room, sobs only breaking the silence. Oh! +it is dreadful to see a person die! All the thoughts and feelings +that crowded on my mind in those hours I cannot describe, +more than in my whole past lifetime. The light of the morning +dawned, and the lamps were taken away—oh, how sad for +the first morning in the year! We all went into the next +room, for I assure you, anxiety, watching, standing, and +crying had worn us out. The Princess fell asleep on a +chair, I on a sofa, and the rest walked up and down the room +asking one another, How long will it last? Towards the +middle of the day, Marianne and I went into the room alone, +as we wished to stay there; we came up and kissed the Queen's +hand and knelt down and kissed the King's; it was quite +warm still. We stood about and waited till five o'clock and +then had some dinner, and I felt so sick and faint and unwell, +that Fritz sent me here to bed. At one o'clock this morning +I got up and dressed, and heard that the King had not many +minutes more to live, but by the time I had got the carriage I +heard all was over. I drove to Sans Souci and saw the King +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.426" id="pageiii.426"></a>[page 426]</span> +and Queen. May God bless and preserve them, and may +theirs be a long and happy and blessed reign. Then I went +into the room where the King lay, and I could hardly bring +myself to go away again. There was so much of comfort in +looking at that quiet, peaceful form, at rest at last after all +he had suffered—gone home at last from this world of suffering—so +peaceful and quiet he looked, like a sleeping child. Every +moment I expected to see him move or breathe—his mouth +and eyes closed, and such a sweet and happy expression—both +his hands were on the coverlid. I kissed them both for +the last time; they were quite cold then. Fritz and I stood +looking at him for some time. I could hardly bring myself +to believe that this was really death, that which I had so often +shuddered at and felt afraid of; there was nothing there +dreadful or appalling, only a heavenly calm and peace. I felt +it did me so much good, and was such a comfort. "Death, +where is thy sting? Grave, where is thy victory?" He +was a just and good man, and had a heart overflowing with +love and kindness, and he has gone to his rest after a long +trial which he bore with so much patience. I am not afraid +of death now, and when I feel inclined to be so, I shall think +of that solemn and comforting sight, and that death is only a +change for the better. We went home and to bed and this +morning went there at ten. I sat some time with the poor +Queen, who is so calm and resigned and touching in her grief. +She does not cry, but she looks heartbroken. She said to +me: "I am not longer of any use in this world. I have no +longer any vocation, any duties to perform. I only lived +for him." Then she was so kind to me, kinder than she has +ever been yet, and said I was like her own child and a comfort +to her. I saw the corpse again this morning; he is unaltered, +only changed in colour, and the hands are stiffened.</p> + +<p class="ind">The funeral will be on Saturday; the King will lie in state +till then. His wish was to be buried in Friedenskirche before +the altar—and his heart at Charlottenburg in the Mausoleum. +Of course all will be done that he wishes. His servants are +in a dreadful state. They adored him, and nursed him day +and night for three years with the most devoted attachment. +The King and Queen stay at Sans Souci till after the funeral, +and Fritz and I here at Potsdam.... Ever your most dutiful +and devoted Daughter,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>P.S.</i>—The funeral will only take place on Monday, and +the body will be embalmed to-morrow. To-morrow evening +there will be prayers at the bedside, and the day after the +lying in state.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXX3" name="footnoteXXX3"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX3">Footnote 3:</a> The palace at Potsdam, built by Frederick the Great, the usual residence of the +King of Prussia. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.427" id="pageiii.427"></a>[page 427]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LETTER TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>le 3 Janvier 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Sire et cher Frère</span>,—Les bons vœux que votre Majesté +veut bien m'exprimer à l'occasion de la nouvelle année me +sont bien chers, et je vous prie d'en accepter mes remercîments +sincères, ainsi que l'expression des vœux que je forme +pour le bonheur de votre Majesté, de l'Impératrice et de votre +cher enfant; le Prince se joint à moi dans ces sentiments.</p> + +<p class="ind">Votre Majesté a bien raison si elle regarde avec quelque +inquiétude l'état agité de l'Europe, mais je partage aussi avec +elle le ferme espoir, que le mal peut être beaucoup amoindri, tant +que la France et l'Angleterre s'entendent, et j'y ajouterai, tant +que cette entente a pour but désintéressé de préserver au +monde la paix et à chaque nation ses droits et ses possessions, +et d'adoucir des animosités, qui menacent de produire les plus +graves calamités, des guerres civiles et des luttes de races. La +bénédiction de Dieu ne manquera pas à l'accomplissement +d'une tâche aussi grande et sacrée.</p> + +<p class="ind">Je me réjouis avec votre Majesté des glorieux succès que +nos armées alliées viennent d'obtenir en Chine, et de la belle +paix que ces succès ont amenée. Elle sera féconde, je l'espère, +en bienfaits pour nos deux pays aussi bien que pour ce peuple +bizarre que nous avons forcé à entrer en relations avec le reste +du monde.</p> + +<p class="ind">Il nous a fait bien du plaisir de voir l'Impératrice et d'entendre +depuis que son voyage en Angleterre lui a fait tant de +bien.</p> + +<p class="ind">Agréez l'assurance de la parfaite amitié avec laquelle je +suis, Sire et mon Frère, de votre Majesté Impériale, la bonne +Sœur,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ITALIAN AFFAIRS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Broadlands</span>, <i>10th January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has many apologies to make for not having +sooner answered your Majesty's previous communications. +He is glad to be able to say that Lady Jocelyn's youngest boy, +whose illness has been the cause of very great anxiety, is now +in the course of gradual, but favourable recovery.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston returns to your Majesty the letter +of the Emperor of the French, and your Majesty's excellent +answer; it is to be hoped that he will profit by the sound +advice which that answer contains.</p> + +<p class="ind">Upon the subject of Italy your Majesty reminds Viscount +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.428" id="pageiii.428"></a>[page 428]</span> +Palmerston that he stated last summer that it would be better +for the interests of England that Southern Italy should be a +separate Monarchy, rather than that it should form part of +an united Italy. Viscount Palmerston still retains that +opinion; because a separate kingdom of the Two Sicilies +would be more likely, in the event of war between England +and France, to side, at least by its neutrality, with the +strongest Naval Power, and it is to be hoped that such +Power would be England. But then it would be necessary +that the Two Sicilies as an independent and separate State +should be well governed, and should have an enlightened +Sovereign. This unfortunately has become hopeless and +impossible under the Bourbon Dynasty, and no Englishman +could wish to see a Murat or a Prince Napoleon on the Throne +of Naples.<sup>4</sup> The course of events since last summer seems to +have finally decided the fate of Sicily and Naples, and there +can be no doubt that for the interest of the people of Italy, +and with a view to the general balance of Power in Europe, +a united Italy is the best arrangement. The Italian Kingdom +will never side with France from partiality to France, and the +stronger that kingdom becomes the better able it will be to +resist political coercion from France. The chief hold that +France will have upon the policy of the Kingdom of Italy +consists in the retention of Venetia by Austria.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has heard no more from Lord John +Russell about his wish eventually to go to the House of Lords, +and it is probable that this wish often before expressed will, +as upon former occasions, be allowed to sleep undisturbed....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 4: Prince Napoleon Murat, a son of Joachim Murat, King of Naples, 1808-1815, had +returned to France from the United States in 1848; an attempt was now being made +to form a Murat party in Southern Italy. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>19th January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter enclosing +his correspondence with Lord Clarendon.<sup>5</sup> She has kept the +latter in order to show it to Lord Palmerston this evening, not +knowing whether he has seen it already. She must say that +Lord Clarendon's arguments are very conclusive. Has it +ever occurred to Lord John Russell that, if Lord Clarendon +were to go to Berlin carrying the highest compliment the +Queen has to bestow, viz. the Order of the Garter to the new +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.429" id="pageiii.429"></a>[page 429]</span> +King of Prussia, and from thence to Vienna empty-handed +to the Emperor of Austria for the purpose of giving good +advice, the Emperor might look upon it as an offensive public +proceeding towards him?</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 5: Lord Clarendon was appointed to represent the Queen at the Coronation of the King +of Prussia. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CONSERVATIVE OVERTURES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>27th January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston saw Lord Malmesbury on Friday before +the Cabinet. They both came up in the same train though not +in the same carriage, and Lord Malmesbury came to Viscount +Palmerston's in Piccadilly at three o'clock.</p> + +<p class="ind">He said that he was charged by Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli +with a message similar to that which he had conveyed last +year, namely, that if Mr Gladstone were to propose a democratic +Budget making a great transfer of burthens from indirect +to direct Taxation, and if, the Cabinet refusing its concurrence, +Mr Gladstone were to retire, the Conservative Party +would give the Government substantial support except in +the case of the Government wishing to take an active part in +war against Austria. That this did not of course mean an +abstinence from usual attacks and criticisms in debate, but +that no step would in such case be taken to produce a change +of Government. In fact, said Lord Malmesbury, neither the +Conservative leaders nor the Party wish at present to come +into office, and have no intention of taking any step to turn +the present Government out. Mr Bright had indeed proposed +to Mr Disraeli to join together with the Radical Party, the +Conservatives, for the purpose of turning out the present +Government; and especially to get rid of Viscount Palmerston +and Lord John Russell. Mr Bright said he would in that case +give the Conservative Government a two years' existence, +and by the end of that time the country, it might be hoped, +would be prepared for a good and real Reform Bill, and then +a proper Government might be formed.</p> + +<p class="ind">This proposal, which it must be owned was not very tempting, +Lord Malmesbury said had been declined. He also said +that Count Persigny, on returning from one of his trips to +Paris, had brought a similar proposal from Mr Cobden for +a co-operation of Radicals and Conservatives to overthrow the +present Government; but that also had been declined. Viscount +Palmerston requested Lord Malmesbury to convey his +thanks to Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli for the handsome communication +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.430" id="pageiii.430"></a>[page 430]</span> +which they had thus made to him, and to assure +them that he fully appreciated the honourable and patriotic +motives by which it had been prompted....</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>29th January 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I write to you on a sad anniversary +—already <i>seventeen</i> years ago, that it pleased God to take +dearest Papa away from us all! He, who <i>ought</i> to have lived +for twenty years longer at least!...</p> + +<p class="ind">We hear from Berlin that the poor King is much <i>angegriffen</i>, +and very irritable, but that my letter announcing to him that +I would give him the Garter had given him <i>so</i> much pleasure +that he had been seen to smile for the <i>first</i> time since the 2nd +of January.</p> + +<p class="ind">I think you will be gratified by the little extract from a +letter from our dear friend the Queen, about Vicky, which +I venture to send you—as well as by the following extract from +Vicky's own letter to me, written on her wedding day, in which +she says:—"Every time our dear wedding day returns I feel +so happy and thankful—and live every moment of that blessed +and never-to-be-forgotten day over again in thought. I love +to dwell on every minute of that day; not a hope has been +disappointed, not an expectation that has not been realised, +and much more—that few can say—and I <i>am</i> thankful as I +ought to be."</p> + +<p class="ind">These two extracts are very gratifying to our hearts.</p> + +<p class="ind">I must now wish you good-bye. With Albert's affectionate +love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Sir Charles Phipps.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PROVOSTSHIP OF ETON</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>10th February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Phipps</span>,—In the box which I sent to the Queen +on Friday morning, giving a short account of the Debate on +Thursday, I placed a separate paper submitting for her approval<span class="rightnote">DR GOODFORD</span> +that Dr Goodford, Headmaster of Eton, might be recommended +to the Fellows to be elected to the office of Provost now +vacant; and I mentioned that the matter was rather pressing. +I have had no answer as yet, and the election is fixed for +to-morrow.</p> + +<p class="ind">The election is on the same footing as that of a bishop who +is nominally elected by the Chapter of the Diocese, but who is +named for being so elected by the Crown. The Crown recommends +the person to be named Provost, and the Fellows as a +matter of course elect him. But the election must be made +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.431" id="pageiii.431"></a>[page 431]</span> +within a stated period—I believe fifteen days after the vacancy +has happened; and if the Crown does not within that period +recommend, the Fellows proceed to make their own choice.</p> + +<p class="ind">The election is fixed for to-morrow, and it would not, I +think, be desirable to let the Royal prerogative drop on this +occasion. The persons who have been named as candidates +are Dr Goodford, Headmaster, and with regard to him it is to +be said that the office has generally been given to the Headmaster, +and that, as far as the Provost has any function connected +with improvements in the arrangement of the school, +there is an advantage in his having been conversant with the +details of the existing system. Dr Goodford is qualified for +the office by his degree.</p> + +<p class="ind">The next candidate is Mr Coleridge, once a master in the +school, but he is not qualified by a sufficient degree, and +there was a prejudice against him on account of his Puseyite +tendencies.</p> + +<p class="ind">The third is Dr Chapman, late Bishop of Colombo, qualified +by his degree, but having no peculiar claims or other recommendations +for the office.</p> + +<p class="ind">The fourth is Mr Birch, formerly tutor to the Prince of Wales, +scarcely of sufficient calibre for the office, and not qualified by +a sufficient degree.</p> + +<p class="ind">Between Dr Goodford and Dr Chapman I think the preference +should be given to Dr Goodford, and the more especially +because Dr Chapman is supposed to entertain theological +opinions similar to those of Mr Coleridge, his brother-in-law.</p> + +<p class="ind">If the Queen should approve of Dr Goodford being recommended, +perhaps she would have the goodness to sign the +document sent in the accompanying box, and if it is returned +by the earliest opportunity it is just possible that I may be +able to send it to Windsor in time for the election to-morrow.<sup>6</sup> +Yours sincerely,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Palmerston</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 6: Dr Goodford was elected, and remained Provost till his death in 1884. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>10th February 1861.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter enclosing +the draft of one to General Garibaldi, which she now returns. +She had much doubt about its being altogether safe for the +Government to get into correspondence, however unofficial, +with the General, and thinks that it would be better for Lord +John <i>not</i> to write to him. Lord Palmerston, who was here this +afternoon on other business, has undertaken to explain the +reasons in detail to Lord John—in which he fully concurs.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.432" id="pageiii.432"></a>[page 432]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">GARIBALDI</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Chesham Place</span>, <i>11th February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he earnestly entreats your Majesty to consider whether any +step ought to be omitted by which the peace of Europe may +be <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'preseved'">preserved</ins>.</p> + +<p class="ind">General Garibaldi is generally esteemed by Italians; even +Count Ludolf speaks of him in the highest terms of praise. +General Garibaldi has lost his country, and is full of resentment +at Count Cavour for selling it. He respects and admires +England for her disinterested conduct.</p> + +<p class="ind">But it is evident the French Emperor is again exciting the +Hungarian party. The Garibaldian legion is told to hold itself +in readiness, and the <i>Pays</i> and <i>Patrie</i> are instructed to praise +the Legion. They are being assembled in Genoa and Piedmont.</p> + +<p class="ind">There is little chance of Garibaldi's refusing to take part in +this expedition, and if he does proceed to the Dalmatian or +Istrian coast, his name will have an immense effect.</p> + +<p class="ind">It does not seem reasonable to throw away any chance of +saving the Austrian Empire and the peace of Europe.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell will wait till Monday next to learn +definitively your Majesty's pleasure.</p> + +<p class="ind">The proposed letter appears to him to give some hope of +preventing great misfortunes. In this belief it is Lord John +Russell's duty to endeavour to prevent the frightful war which +is impending.</p> + +<p class="ind">Kossuth is fabricating paper to the extent of from 140 to +300,000,000 of florins to furnish the sinews of insurrection. +In the month of March Hungary will be in a blaze. But if +Italy, Germany, and France keep away, the fire may burn +out of itself.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><i>11th February 1861.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and in returning Lord John's letter begs to submit, +that as Lord John is so anxious to send it, and seems so strongly +of opinion that it is an effort which might be successful in +dissuading Garibaldi from attempting to create disturbances in +the Austrian territory by going thither with a band of adventurers, +it may be best to let the letter go, though it might +perhaps be improved by pointing more directly to the nature of +the expedition which it advises Garibaldi not to undertake.</p> + +<p class="ind">There may be inconveniences which may arise from the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.433" id="pageiii.433"></a>[page 433]</span> +letter, but they might be dealt with; on the other hand, if +Garibaldi undertakes his expedition, it would be a matter of +regret if it could be thought or said that a step which might +have prevented the mischief had been omitted.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>12th February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has received Lord John Russell's reiterated +request for her sanction to his writing to General Garibaldi. +She still entertains the same objections to the step, as implying +a recognition of the General's position as a European Power +as enabling him to allow the impression to prevail, that he is in +communication with the British Government and acts under +its inspiration, as possibly leading to a prolonged and embarrassing +correspondence, and as implying for the future +that when the disapprobation of the Government is not +expressed (as in the present instance), it gives its consent to +his aggressive schemes. The Queen will not prevent, however, +Lord John from taking a step which he considers gives a chance +of averting a great European calamity. Should Lord John +therefore adhere to his opinion, she asks him to let her see the +letter again, upon the precise wording of which so much +depends.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A HAPPY ANNIVERSARY</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>12th February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Many, many thanks for your dear +letter of the 8th. Here we have cold again since the day +before yesterday, and last night seven degrees of frost. On +Sunday we celebrated, with feelings of <i>deep gratitude</i> and love, +the <i>twenty-first</i> anniversary of our blessed marriage, a day +which had brought us, and I may say the <i>world</i> at <i>large</i>, such +incalculable blessings! <i>Very</i> few can say with me that their +husband at the end of twenty-one years is <i>not</i> only full of the +friendship, kindness, and affection which a truly happy +marriage brings with it, but the same tender love of the <i>very +first days of our marriage!</i></p> + +<p class="ind">We missed dear Mamma and <i>three</i> of our children,<sup>7</sup> but had +<i>six</i> dear ones round us—and assembled in the evening those +of our Household <i>still</i> remaining who were <i>with us then!</i>...</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.434" id="pageiii.434"></a>[page 434]</span> + +<p class="ind">In Parliament things go on quietly enough, and every one +<i>hopes</i> for a short session....</p> + +<p class="ind">Hoping that these lines will find you well, believe me ever, +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria</span> R.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 7: The Duchess of Kent was at Frogmore; the Princess Royal, now Crown Princess of +Prussia, was at Potsdam; the Prince of Wales had just entered upon his first term at +Cambridge; and Prince Alfred had joined his ship, the <i>Euryalus</i>, at Plymouth. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">LORD JOHN RUSSELL AND GARIBALDI</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>13th February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the Cabinet at its meeting this +afternoon were of opinion that Lord John Russell's proposed +letter to Garibaldi, as altered by Lord John, might do good, and +could scarcely be attended with any material inconvenience, +and that therefore it might go.<sup>8</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 8: It accordingly was sent in the following form:—</p> + +<p class="note1"><span class="sc">General</span>,—You did me the honour, some time ago, to write me a letter, thanking me +for a speech I made in Parliament.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I was not insensible to the value of that compliment. My present purpose however +is not compliment.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I wish you seriously to reconsider your declaration that you propose to begin a war in +the Spring.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">It seems to me that no individual, however distinguished, has a right to determine +for his country the momentous question of peace or war with a foreign State.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">Italy, represented by a free Parliament, is about to assemble and declare her own +sentiments and wishes.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">It is surely for the King and the Parliament together to decide on questions which +may involve all Europe in bloodshed.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I cannot believe that you will be the man to give the signal of dissension in Italy. +I remain, General, your obedient Servant,</p> + +<p class="note1author"><span class="sc">John Russell</span>.</p> + + + + +<p class="note1">The reply received was as follows:—</p> + + +<p class="indrightnote"><span class="sc">Caprera</span>, <i>4th March 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;"><span class="sc">Noble Lord</span>,—Italy owes you much gratitude. You, however, judge me somewhat +harshly; giving credence to rumours which attribute to me projects that are not known +to any one.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I hope to make war again for my country. But I desire that you, deserving as you +are of my esteem and attachment, should believe that I will not undertake anything +which may injure or be in contradiction with the rights of the King and Parliament +of Italy.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I do not love war, Minister, but, in the present condition of my country, it appears most +difficult to constitute her in a normal manner, without war.</p> + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top:-0.5em;">I am sure that Italy is able to make her war of liberation even this year. The person +who directs does not feel the same certainty, and I leave it to you to weigh his motives. +I, if I am not called upon by events, shall continue in my retreat, and I will, in every way, +endeavour to gain your good-will, and that of the generous nation to whom my country +owes so much, etc., etc., etc. I am your devoted Servant,</p> + +<p class="note1author"><span class="sc">G. Garibaldi</span>. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>22nd February 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is very glad to see that the Government is +seriously taking up the question of iron-sided ships, and looks +forward to the result of Lord Palmerston's conference with the +Duke of Somerset. The number wanted appears large, but +the Queen must add that she does not consider one ship a +sufficient preponderance over the French Navy for this country. +Twenty-seven to twenty-six would give that number.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.435" id="pageiii.435"></a>[page 435]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF DUCHESS OF KENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Frogmore</span>, <i>16th March 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearly beloved Uncle</span>,—On this, the most dreadful +day of my life, does your poor broken-hearted child write one +line of love and devotion. <i>She</i> is gone!<sup>9</sup> That <i>precious, +dearly beloved tender</i> Mother—whom I never was parted from +but for a few months—without whom <i>I</i> can't <i>imagine life</i>—has +been taken from us! It is <i>too</i> dreadful! But she is at +peace—at rest—her fearful sufferings at an end! It was +quite painless—though there was very <i>distressing</i>, heartrending +breathing to witness. I held her dear, dear hand in mine to the +very last, which I am truly thankful for! But the watching +that precious life going out was fearful! Alas! she never +knew me! But she was spared the pang of parting! How +this will <i>grieve</i> and <i>distress you!</i> <i>You</i> who are now doubly +precious to us. Good Alice was with us all through, and +<i>deeply</i> afflicted, and wishes to say everything kind to you. +Bertie and Lenchen are now here—all much grieved, and have +seen her <i>sleeping</i> peacefully and eternally! Dearest Albert is +dreadfully overcome—and well he may, for <i>she</i> adored him! +I feel so truly <i>verwaist</i>. God bless and protect you. Ever +your devoted and truly unhappy Niece and Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind"><i>P.S.</i>—The devotion of dearest Mamma's ladies and maids +is not to be described. Their love and their devotion were <i>too +touching</i>. There we all were round her—the poor, good, old +Clark, who is so devoted to us all. Ever again, your devoted +Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 9: The Duchess of Kent died on the 16th of March. She had had a surgical operation +in the arm, on account of an abscess, a short time before, but till the 15th the medical +reports had been encouraging. On that day the Queen went to Frogmore, and was +with her mother at the time of her death. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BEREAVEMENT</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th March 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—Your sad little letter of the 21st +reached me on Saturday. On Sunday I took leave of those +dearly beloved remains—a dreadful moment; I had never +been near a coffin before, but dreadful and heartrending as it +was, it was so beautifully arranged that it would have pleased +<i>her</i>, and most probably <i>she</i> looked down and blessed <i>us</i>—as +we +poor sorrowing mortals knelt around, overwhelmed with +grief! It was covered with wreaths, and the carpet strewed +with sweet, white flowers. <i>I</i> and our daughters did <i>not</i> go +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.436" id="pageiii.436"></a>[page 436]</span> +<i>yesterday</i>—it would have been <i>far</i> too much for <i>me</i>—and +Albert when he returned, with tearful eyes told me it was well +I did not go—so affecting had been the sight—so <i>universal</i> the +sympathy.</p> + +<p class="ind">Poor little Arthur went too. I and my girls prayed at home +together, and dwelt on her happiness and peace.</p> + +<p class="ind">But oh! dearest Uncle—the loss—the truth of it—which +<i>I cannot, do not</i> realise even when I go (as I do <i>daily</i>) to +Frogmore—the +<i>blank</i> becomes <i>daily</i> worse!</p> + +<p class="ind">The constant intercourse of <i>forty-one</i>, years cannot cease +without the <i>total want</i> of <i>power</i> of <i>real enjoyment</i> of +<i>anything</i>. +A sort of cloud which hangs over you, and seems to <i>oppress</i> +everything—and a positive <i>weakness</i> in the powers of reflection +and mental exertion. The doctors <i>tell</i> me I <i>must not</i> attempt +to <i>force</i> this. Long conversation, loud talking, the talking of +many people together, I <i>can't</i> bear yet. It must come <i>very</i> +gradually....</p> + +<p class="ind">I try to be, and very often am, quite <i>resigned</i>—but dearest +Uncle, this is a life sorrow. On <i>all</i> festive or mournful occasions, +on <i>all</i> family events, <i>her love</i> and <i>sympathy</i> will be so +<i>fearfully wanting</i>. Then again, except Albert (who I very often +don't see but very little in the day), I have <i>no human</i> being +except our children, and that is not the same <i>Verhältniss</i>, to +<i>open</i> myself to; and besides, a <i>woman</i> requires <i>woman's</i> +society and sympathy sometimes, as men do <i>men's</i>. All this, +beloved Uncle, will show you that, without <i>dwelling</i> constantly +upon it, or <i>moping</i> or becoming <i>morbid</i>, though the <i>blank</i> +and the <i>loss to me</i>, in my isolated position especially, is <i>such</i> a +<i>dreadful</i>, and such an <i>irreparable one</i>, the worst <i>trials</i> are +<i>yet</i> to +come. My poor birthday, I can hardly think of it! Strange +it is how often <i>little trifles</i>, insignificant in themselves, upset +one more even than greater things....</p> + +<p class="ind">But the general sympathy for <i>me</i>, and approval of the +manner in which I have shown my grief, as well as the affection +and respect for dearest Mamma's memory in the country, is +<i>quite wonderful and most touching</i>. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">RENEWED GRIEF</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>30th March 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearly beloved Uncle</span>,—It is a comfort for me to +write to you, and I think you may like to hear from your poor +motherless child. It is <i>to-day</i> a <i>fortnight</i> already, and it seems +but yesterday—<i>all</i> is before me, and at the same time <i>all, all</i> +seems <i>quite impossible</i>. The blank—the desolation—the fearful +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.437" id="pageiii.437"></a>[page 437]</span> +and awful <i>Sehnsucht und Wehmuth</i> come back with redoubled +force, and the <i>weeping</i>, which day after day is my welcome +friend, is my greatest relief.</p> + +<p class="ind">We have an immense deal to do—and everything is in the +greatest <i>order</i>; but to <i>open her</i> drawers and presses, and to +look at all her dear jewels and trinkets in order to identify +everything, and relieve her really excellent servants from all +responsibility and anxiety, is like a sacrilege, and I feel as if +my heart was being torn asunder! So many recollections of +my childhood are brought back to me, and these dumb souvenirs +which she wore and used, and which so painfully survive +<i>what</i> we so <i>dearly</i> and <i>passionately</i> loved, touch chords in +one's +heart and soul, which are <i>most</i> painful and yet pleasing too. +We have found many most interesting and valuable letters—the +existence of which I was not aware of—and which, I <i>think</i>, +must have come back with poor Papa's letters, viz. letters +from <i>my</i> poor father asking for dearest Mamma's hand—and +sending a letter from you, encouraging him to ask her. And +many others—very precious letters—from dear Grandmamma; +Albert has also found at Clarence House, where he went to-day, +many of dear Grandpapa's.<sup>10</sup> ...</p> + +<p class="ind">Frogmore we mean to keep just as dear Mamma left it—and +keep it cheerful and pretty as it still is. I go there constantly; +I feel so accustomed to go down the hill, and <i>so</i> +attracted to it, for I fancy <i>she</i> must be there.</p> + +<p class="ind">Was poor dear Grandpapa's death-bed such a sad one? +You speak of its distressing impressions.<sup>11</sup> ...</p> + +<p class="ind">She watches <i>over us now</i>, you may be sure! Ever your +devoted, sorrowing Child and Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">Albert is so kind, and does all with such tenderness and +feeling. Vicky goes on Tuesday, and we on Wednesday, to +Osborne, where I think the air and quiet will do me good.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 10: Duke Francis Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Duchess Augusta Caroline +Sophia, the parents of the Duchess of Kent and King Leopold.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 11: In a recent letter King Leopold had said that he was not quite sixteen years old +when his father died (1806), and the elder son, Ernest, being alarmingly ill at Königsberg, +he was himself called upon to be the support of his mother. "The recollections of that +death-bed," he adds, "are fresh in my memory, as if it had been yesterday. I thank +God that your recollections of that terrible moment are so peaceful, and that you may +preserve an impression ... without any distressing addition." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FATHERLY ADVICE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>1st April 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—Your dear letter of the 30th +<i>moved me very much</i>. I can see everything, and it makes me +shed tears of the sincerest sorrow.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.438" id="pageiii.438"></a>[page 438]</span> + +<p class="ind">The bereavement, the impossibility, they are what one feels +most deeply and painfully, that nothing will bring back the +beloved object, that there is a rupture with everything earthly +that nothing can remedy. Your good, dear Mamma was +without ostentation, sincerely religious, a great blessing, and +the only solid support we can find. Happy those whose faith +cannot be shaken; they can bear the hardships of earthly life +with fortitude.</p> + +<p class="ind">True it is that if we compare the sorrows of our earthly life +with the hope of an eternal existence, though painfully felt, +still they shrink as it were in appreciation.</p> + +<p class="ind">You feel so <i>truly</i>, so <i>affectionately</i>, that even in that you +must gratify the dear being we lost. When I think of poor +Aunt Julia,<sup>12</sup> she was so alone that I cannot help to pity her +even in all the objects she valued and left behind; the affectionate +care which is shown to everything connected with +your dear Mamma could not have existed, and still she was +a noble character, and with a warm, generous heart. In all +your dear Mamma's letters there will everywhere be found +traces of the affection which united us. From early childhood +we were close allies; she recollected everything so well of that +period which now, since the departure of the two sisters, is +totally unknown to every one but me, which, you can imagine, +is a most melancholy sensation. Time flies so fast that all +dear recollections soon get isolated. Your stay at Osborne +will do you good, though Spring, when fine, affects one very +much, to think that the one that was beloved does not share +in these pleasant sensations. You must try, however, not +to shake your precious health too much. Your dear Mamma, +who watched your looks so affectionately, would not approve +of it.... Your devoted old Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 12: Sister of King Leopold, and widow of the Grand Duke Constantine, who had lived in +retirement at Geneva for many years, and died at Elfenau on the 15th of August 1860. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>9th April 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearly beloved Uncle</span>,—Your dear, <i>sad</i> letter of the +5th found a warm response in my poor heart, and I thank you +with all my heart for it. I am <i>now most</i> anxiously waiting +for an answer to my letter asking you to come to us <i>now</i>. You +would, I think, find it soothing, and it would painfully interest +you to look over her letters and papers, which make me <i>live</i> +in times I heard her talk of when I was a child. It is touching +to find how she treasured up every little flower, every bit of +hair. I found some of dear Princess Charlotte's, and touching +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.439" id="pageiii.439"></a>[page 439]</span> +relics of my poor Father, in a little writing-desk of his I had +never seen, with his last letters to her, and her notes <i>after</i> his +death written in a little book, expressing such longing to be +reunited to him! <i>Now</i> she <i>is!</i> And what a comfort it is to +think <i>how many very dear ones</i> are gone on before her whom she +will find! All these notes show how very, very much she and +my beloved Father <i>loved</i> each other. <i>Such</i> love and affection! +I hardly knew it was <i>to that extent</i>. Then her love for <i>me</i>—it +is <i>too</i> touching! I have found little books with the accounts +of my babyhood, and they show <i>such</i> unbounded tenderness! +Oh! I am so wretched to think <i>how</i>, <i>for a time</i>, <i>two people most</i> +wickedly estranged us!... To miss a mother's friendship—not +to be able to have her to confide in—when a girl <i>most</i> +needs it, was fearful! I <i>dare not</i> think of it—it drives me <i>wild</i> +now! But thank God! that is all passed <i>long, long</i> ago, and +she had forgotten it, and only thought of the last very happy +years.</p> + +<p class="ind">And all that was brought by my good angel, dearest Albert, +whom <i>she</i> adored, and in whom she had such unbounded +confidence....</p> + +<p class="ind">On Sunday our dear little Beatrice was four years old. It +upset me much, for she was the idol of that beloved Grandmamma, +and the child so fond of her. She continually speaks +of her—how she "is in Heaven," but hopes she will return! +She is a most darling, engaging child.... Ever your devoted +Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DANISH QUESTION</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>27th May 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns the proposed draft of answer to the +observations of the Russian Government on Lord John Russell's +proposals with regard to the Danish Question. She has to +observe that this reverses the whole position taken by us +hitherto. Prince Gortschakoff is quite right in reminding us +that the engagements taken in 1852<sup>13</sup> did not contain a formal +guarantee (<i>obliging</i> to take up arms for the defence of the +object guaranteed) in deference to the opinion of the British +Government which, on general principles, has always objected +to such engagements. These principles are as important now +as ever, and yet Lord John proposes "to renew the <i>guarantee</i> +of the integrity of the Danish Monarchy contained in the +Treaty of 8th May 1852," thereby giving those engagements +the force of a guarantee, which was on principle objected to +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.440" id="pageiii.440"></a>[page 440]</span> +by us at the time. Both Russia and France in their answers +object to such a guarantee now, even with regard to Schleswig +alone, as involving the guaranteeing powers in future grave +difficulties, and Lord John proposes to extend it to Holstein, +a part of Germany and not of Denmark, by way of obviating +the difficulty. The Queen cannot give her sanction to this +proposal.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 13: A Treaty was signed by the European Powers on the 8th of May 1852, by which the +succession of the line of Sonderburg-Glücksburg to the Danish throne was settled, and +the integrity of the kingdom guaranteed. See <i>ante</i>, <a href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358" style="font-weight: normal;">vol. ii. p. 358</a>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">WAR IN AMERICA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>30th May 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +he has the honour to submit letters from the Emperor +and Empress of Austria of a private nature. The Cabinet +decided yesterday that the ports of your Majesty's Dominions +ought to be closed to the ships of war and privateers of the +Belligerents in America.<sup>14</sup> A letter for that object has been +sent to the Law Officers of the Crown, and will be, when put +into proper form, submitted for your Majesty's approbation.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 14: See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.421" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 421</a>. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>30th May 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen returns these papers. She thinks it of great +importance that we should be strong in Canada, and thinks +an increase in Artillery as important as the sending of two more +battalions, as that Arm cannot be supplied at all by the Colony. +The Naval forces would, however, require strengthening even +more. It is less likely that the remnant of the United States +could send expeditions by land to the North while quarrelling +with the South, than that they should commit acts of violence +at sea.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Buckingham Palace</span>, <i>5th June 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has perused the accompanying draft to Sir +James Hudson. She is of opinion that so important a step as +proposals on our part for the solution of the Roman Question, +with which we are not directly concerned, and for the solution +of which we are for many obvious reasons perhaps the Power +possessing the least favourable position, is a subject of such +great importance, that it should not be undertaken without +the most mature consideration. Has this draft been brought +before the Cabinet? The Queen wishes to have their united +advice before giving her decision. Her opinion at present +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.441" id="pageiii.441"></a>[page 441]</span> +is against our volunteering a scheme which will render us +responsible for the result of grave complications, from which +we have hitherto stood happily quite clear. The Queen wishes +these lines to be communicated to the Cabinet.<sup>15</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 15: Lord John Russell had written that the withdrawal of the French troops from Rome +would probably be followed by tumults and bloodshed; and as both the Roman party +and Garibaldi hated the Government of the Pope, and wished to put an end to his temporal +power, he suggested that the Pope should be allowed to retain his sovereignty +during his lifetime, in a restricted territory and with restricted powers; that Italian +troops should occupy the towns and villages outside a limit of five miles from Rome; +and that the King of Italy and the Emperor of the French should agree not to recognise +the temporal power of any future Pope. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF CAVOUR</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Pembroke Lodge</span>, <i>6th June 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +the despatch relating to Rome had been sent, seeming to Lord +John Russell quite unobjectionable. But your Majesty will +see that it was instantly suspended, and that Count Cavour +is dying.<sup>16</sup> The despatch was solely intended to save the poor +old Pope from insult, and Rome from tumult, but beyond this +it is of no consequence, and the death of Cavour may give a +new complexion to the affairs of Italy.</p> + +<p class="ind">Nothing will be done on the despatch at present.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 16: Count Cavour died at Turin on the 6th of June. It is curious to note that the +words of the Emperor Napoleon, on hearing of the death of Cavour, appear to have +been "Le cocher est tombé du siège; il faut voir maintenant si les chevaux iront +s'emporter, ou rentrer à l'écurie." +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>18th June 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty....</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston submits a note from Garter King at +Arms, by which your Majesty will see that there are now three +Garters vacant; and Viscount Palmerston would beg to +suggest for your Majesty's consideration that those Garters +might appropriately be conferred upon Lord Canning for his +great services in India, upon Lord John Russell for his long +political services under your Majesty, and upon the Duke of +Somerset, senior Duke after the Duke of Norfolk, and the able +administrator of an important branch of your Majesty's service.<sup>17</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston is not aware whether by the regulations +of the Order the Garter could be sent out to Lord Canning +in India. If that were possible, it might have the double +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.442" id="pageiii.442"></a>[page 442]</span> +advantage of strengthening his hands during the remainder of +his stay, by affording so public a mark of your Majesty's +approval; and moreover of making sure that Lord Canning +should receive this mark of your Majesty's royal favour, while +the Government is in the hands of an administration similar +to that at whose recommendation he was sent out, which +perhaps might be more agreeable to his feelings than running +the chance, always possible, though Viscount Palmerston hopes +it may not be probable, that political combinations might, +before his return in May or June 1862, have produced administrative +changes.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 17: The Duke was First Lord of the Admiralty. All the three Peers mentioned received +the Garter early in 1862. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF LORD CAMPBELL</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>24th June 1861.</i></p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen approves of Sir R. Bethell<sup>18</sup> as Lord Campbell's +successor. Lord Palmerston is aware of the Queen's objections +to the appointment; they will have weighed with him as much +as with her. If therefore he finally makes this recommendation, +the Queen must assume that under all the circumstances +he considers it the best solution of the difficulty, and that his +Colleagues take the same view.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 18: Lord Campbell died at the age of eighty-two; his successor was created Lord Westbury. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duchess of Sutherland to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Stafford House</span>, <i>26th June 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madam</span>,—I shall never forget your Majesty and the Prince's +kindness.<sup>19</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">I am anxious to tell your Majesty as strongly as <i>it was</i>, what +<i>his</i> feeling was of my service to your Majesty; he approved +and delighted in it; dear as it was to me—it could not have +been if this had not been so, nor those occasional absences, +if he had not had devoted children when I was away; still, +when the great parting comes one grudges every hour, and the +yearning is terrible.</p> + +<p class="ind">Even in his last illness he showed an anxious feeling, as if +he feared I might resign, saying that I knew what an interest +it had been to him, how he had liked hearing of the Queen and +her family. He spoke very late in life of your Majesty's +constant kindness. This feeling and early associations made +him take a great interest in the Princess Royal's marriage, +which did not leave him. If it ever crossed your Majesty—if +your Majesty should ever feel that I might have been devoted, +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.443" id="pageiii.443"></a>[page 443]</span> +if I had had but one service, pray believe that he took +the greatest pleasure and pride in that other great service; +and that therefore he really felt it best it should be so.</p> + +<p class="ind">Since I have written this I have received your Majesty's +most kind letter—and the precious gift of the photograph so +wonderfully like, and rendering exactly that most kind and +loving countenance. I shall like much sending one to your +Majesty of my dearest husband.</p> + +<p class="ind">I repeat to myself the precious word that I am dear to your +Majesty again and again; and that my love to your Majesty +was returned. How often I shall think of this in my altered +life, in my solitude of heart! The admiration I have ever felt +for the Prince has been one of the great pleasures of my life; +that he should be your Majesty's husband, a constant thankfulness. +I feel I owe him much, and that great approbation +and admiration are not barren feelings. I have the honour to +remain, Madam, your Majesty's devoted Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Harriet Sutherland</span>.</p> + +<p class="ind">I fear I have written worse than usual—I can hardly see to +do so—weak eyes and tears.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 19: The Duke of Sutherland had died in the preceding February. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR LAYARD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>8th July 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that Lord Elcho<sup>20</sup> this afternoon +moved a Resolution that the new Foreign Office should not +be built in the Palladian style. Mr Charles Buxton seconded +the Motion. Mr Cowper<sup>21</sup> opposed it, stating reasons for preferring +the Italian style to the Gothic. Mr Layard was for +neither, but seemed to wish that somebody would invent a +new style of architecture. Mr Tite,<sup>22</sup> the architect, was strongly +for the Italian style; Lord John Manners, swayed by erroneous +views in religion and taste, was enthusiastic for +Gothic;<sup>23</sup> Mr Dudley Fortescue confided in a low voice to a +limited range of hearers some weak arguments in favour of +Gothic; Mr Osborne seemed to be against everything that +anybody had ever proposed, and wanted to put off the building +till some plan better suited to his own taste should have been +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.444" id="pageiii.444"></a>[page 444]</span> +invented. Viscount Palmerston answered the objections +made to the Italian plan, and Lord Elcho's Motion was negatived +by 188 to 75. The House then went into Committee +of Supply, and the first estimate being that for the Foreign +Office, some of the Gothic party who had not been able to +deliver their speeches on Lord Elcho's Motion, let them off +on this estimate....</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 20: Now Earl of Wemyss.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 21: Mr William Cowper, at this time First Commissioner of Works.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 22: Mr (afterwards Sir) William Tite, was now Member for Bath; he had been the +architect entrusted with the task of rebuilding the Royal Exchange.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 23: Mr Gilbert Scott had made his first designs for the new Foreign Office in the Gothic +style; his appointment as architect for the building was made by the Derby Government, +but the scheme which they favoured, for a Gothic building, was opposed by Lord +Palmerston, and Scott adopted the Italian style in deference to his views. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>24th July 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is sorry that she cannot alter her determination +about Mr Layard.<sup>24</sup> She fully recognises the importance of +the Parliamentary exigencies; but the Queen cannot sacrifice +to them the higher interests of the country. Neither Mr +Layard nor Mr Osborne ought to be proposed as representatives +of the Foreign Office in the House of Commons, and therefore +of the Crown to foreign countries. If Lord Palmerston can +bring Mr Layard into office in some other place, to get his +assistance in the House of Commons, she will not object.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 24: In the course of July, Lord John Russell, who had entered Parliament for the first +time in 1813, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Russell and Viscount Amberley. To +supply the loss to the Government of two such powerful debaters as Lord Russell and +Lord Herbert, Lord Palmerston had suggested Mr Layard as Under-Secretary for Foreign +Affairs, mentioning also the claims of Mr Bernal Osborne. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR LAYARD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>24th July 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and regrets very much to find that he has not succeeded +in removing your Majesty's objections to Mr Layard +as Under-Secretary of State for the Foreign Department; +but he still hopes that he may be able to do so. If he rightly +understands your Majesty's last communication on this subject, +he is led to infer that your Majesty's main objection is +founded on a dislike that Mr Layard should be the representative +and organ of the Foreign Policy of the Crown in the House +of Commons.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to his being a subordinate officer in the Foreign +Office, your Majesty's sanction to that was obtained in <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads '1831-52'">1851-52</ins>, +when Mr Layard was Under-Secretary to Lord Granville. +His tenure of office at that time was short; not from any +fault of his, but because the Government of that day was overthrown +by Viscount Palmerston's Motion in the House of +Commons in February 1852 about the Militia; and Lord +Granville speaks highly of Mr Layard's performance of his +official duties at that time. There is no reason, but the +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.445" id="pageiii.445"></a>[page 445]</span> +reverse, for thinking him less competent now than then; +and an Under-Secretary of State is only the instrument and +mouthpiece of his principal to say what he is told, and to +write what he is bid.</p> + +<p class="ind">With regard to Mr Layard's position in the House of Commons, +he would in no respect be the representative of the +Foreign Policy of the country; that function will belong to +Viscount Palmerston, now that the Secretary of State for +Foreign Affairs will be removed to the House of Lords, and it +will be Viscount Palmerston's duty and care to see that +nobody infringes upon that function. Mr Layard would be +useful to answer unimportant questions as to matters of +fact, but all questions involving the Foreign Policy of the +country will be answered by Viscount Palmerston as head of +the Government, as was done when Lord Clarendon was +Foreign Secretary and in the House of Lords. But there are +not unfrequently great debates on Foreign Affairs in the +House of Commons, and there are many members, some of +them not perhaps of great weight, who join in attacks on such +matters. It is of great importance to your Majesty's Government +to have a sufficient number of speakers on such occasions. +Lord John Russell and Lord Herbert were ready and +powerful. Mr Gladstone is almost the only one on the Treasury +Bench who follows up foreign questions close enough to +take an active part; it would be of great advantage to Viscount +Palmerston to have as assistant on such occasions a man like +Mr Layard, knowing the details of matters discussed, able to +make a good speech in reply to Mr Fitzgerald, or Mr Baillie +Cochrane,<sup>25</sup> or Mr Hennessy,<sup>26</sup> or Sir G. Bowyer,<sup>27</sup> and who would +shape his course in strict conformity with the line which +might be chalked out for him by Viscount Palmerston. Your +Majesty need therefore be under no apprehension that Mr +Layard or anybody else, who might in the House of Commons +hold the office of Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, +would appear to the world as the organ or representative +of the Foreign Policy of your Majesty's Government. With +respect to giving Mr Layard any other office of the same kind, +there is none other in which he could be placed without putting +into the Foreign Office somebody far less fit for it, and putting +Mr Layard into some office for which he is far less fit. His +fitness is for the Foreign Department, and to use the illustration, +which was a favourite one of the late Mr Drummond, +it would be putting the wrong man into the wrong hole. +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.446" id="pageiii.446"></a>[page 446]</span> +Viscount Palmerston has, as charged with the conduct of +the business of the Government in the House of Commons, +sustained a severe loss by the removal of two most able and +useful colleagues, Lord Herbert and Lord John Russell, and +he earnestly hopes that your Majesty will be graciously +pleased to assist him in his endeavours, not indeed to supply +their place, but in some degree to lessen the detriment which +their removal has occasioned.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 25: Afterwards Lord Lamington.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 26: Mr (afterwards Sir) John Pope Hennessy, M.P. for King's County.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 27: M.P. for Dundalk. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">MR LAYARD</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>25th July 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Prince has reported to the Queen all that Lord +Palmerston said to him on the subject of Mr Layard; this has +not had the effect of altering her opinion as to the disqualifications +of that gentleman for the particular office for which +Lord Palmerston proposes him. This appointment would, +in the Queen's opinion, be a serious evil. If Lord Palmerston +on sincere self-examination should consider that without it +the difficulty of carrying on his Government was such as to +endanger the continuance of its success, the Queen will, of +course, have to admit an evil for the country in order to avert +a greater. She still trusts, however, that knowing the nature +of the Queen's objections, he will not place her in this dilemma.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">94 Piccadilly</span>, <i>26th July 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to be allowed to make his grateful and +respectful acknowledgments for your Majesty's gracious and +condescending acquiescence in his recommendation of Mr +Layard for the appointment of Under-Secretary of State for +the Foreign Department. It is always a source of most +sincere pain to Viscount Palmerston to find himself differing, +on any point, in opinion with your Majesty, a respect for +whose soundness of judgment, and clearness of understanding, +must always lead him to distrust the value of his own conclusions +when they differ from those to which your Majesty +has arrived. But the question about Mr Layard turned +mainly upon considerations connected with the conduct of +public business of your Majesty's Government in the House +of Commons.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston sits in that House four days in every +week during the Session of Parliament, from half-past four in +the afternoon to any hour however late after midnight at +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.447" id="pageiii.447"></a>[page 447]</span> +which the House may adjourn. It is his duty carefully to +watch the proceedings of the House, and to observe and +measure the fluctuating bearings of Party and of sectional +associations on the present position of the Government, and +on its chances for the future; and he is thus led to form +conclusions as to persons and parties which may not equally +strike, or with equal force, those who from without and from +higher regions may see general results without being eye- and +ear-witnesses of the many small and successive details +out of which those results are built up.</p> + +<p class="ind">It was thus that Viscount Palmerston was led to a strong +conviction that the proposed appointment of Mr Layard +would be a great advantage to your Majesty's Government +as regards the conduct of business in the House of Commons, +and the position of your Majesty's Government in that House; +and he is satisfied that he will be able to prevent Mr Layard +in any subsidiary part which he may have to take in any +discussion on foreign questions, from departing from the line +which may be traced out for him by Lord John Russell and +Viscount Palmerston....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE KING OF SWEDEN</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>13th August 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—Since Saturday we have great heat. +<i>Our</i> King of Sweden<sup>28</sup> arrived yesterday evening. We went +out in the yacht to meet him, and did so; but his ship going +slow, the <i>dress</i> of the <i>hohen Herrn only</i> arrived at a quarter to +nine, and we only sat down to dinner at a quarter past nine! +The King and Prince Oscar<sup>29</sup> are very French, and very +Italian! I think that there is a dream of a Scandinavian +Kingdom floating before them. The King is a fine-looking +man.... He is not at all difficult to get on with, and is very +civil. Oscar is very amiable and mild, and very proud of his +three little boys. They leave again quite early to-morrow.</p> + +<p class="ind">Our <i>dear</i> children leave us, alas! on Friday quite early, +for Antwerp.<sup>30</sup> It will again be a painful trial! Their stay +has been very pleasant and <i>gemüthlich</i>, and we have seen more +of and known dear Fritz more thoroughly than we ever did +before, and really he is <i>very</i> excellent, and would, I am convinced, +make an excellent King. The little children are <i>very +great</i> darlings, and we shall miss them sadly.</p> + +<p class="ind">On the 16th we go to poor, dear Frogmore, and on the 17th +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.448" id="pageiii.448"></a>[page 448]</span> +we shall visit that dear grave! Last year she was still so +well, and so full of life; but it was a <i>very</i> sad birthday, two +days after the loss of that dear beloved sister, whom she has +joined so soon! Oh! the agony of <i>Wehmuth</i>, the bitterness +of the blank, do <i>not</i> get better with time! Beloved Mamma, +how hourly she is in my mind!</p> + +<p class="ind">The King of Prussia will have great pleasure in visiting you +at Wiesbaden; he will arrive at Ostend on the 16th....</p> + +<p class="ind">Good-bye, and God bless you, dearest Uncle. Ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 28: Charles XV., who succeeded to the throne in 1859.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 29: Brother and heir to Charles XV., whom he succeeded, as Oscar II., in 1872; +died 1907.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 30: The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, accompanied by their two children, were +on a visit to the Queen. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SWEDISH POLITICS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>14th August 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and hastens to answer the enquiry contained in your +Majesty's note, which was delivered to him at Southampton. +He must, in the first place, explain that much of what was +said to him by the King of Sweden and by Prince Oscar was +not clearly understood by him. They would both speak +English—which they spoke with difficulty and in an indistinct +utterance of voice—and he did not like to break the conversation +into French, because to have done so would have +looked like a condemnation of their English, of any imperfection +of which they did not seem to be at all conscious.</p> + +<p class="ind">The King was very guarded in all he said about France; +the Prince spoke with more freedom and with less caution. +The result of what Viscount Palmerston gathered from their +conversation, and perhaps for this purpose they may be put +together, because they probably both feel and think nearly +alike, though the Prince lets his thoughts out more than the +King, may be summed up as follows.</p> + +<p class="ind">They were much pleased and flattered by the kind and +friendly reception given them by the French Emperor, and +both he and they seem to have had present to their minds +that the existing Royal Family of Sweden is descended from +General Bernadotte—a General in the Army of the First +Napoleon. They think the French Emperor sincerely desirous +of maintaining his alliance with England, believing it to be +for his interest to do so. But they consider the French +Nation essentially aggressive, and they think that the Emperor +is obliged to humour that national feeling, and to follow, as +far as the difference of circumstances will allow, the policy of +his Uncle. They consider the principle of nationalities to be +the deciding principle of the day, and accordingly Venetia +ought to belong to Italy, Poland ought to be severed from +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.449" id="pageiii.449"></a>[page 449]</span> +Russia, and Finland ought to be restored to Sweden. Holstein +should be purely German with its own Duke, Schleswig should +be united to Denmark, and when the proper time comes, +Denmark, so constituted, ought to form one Monarchy with +Sweden and Norway. But they see that there are great if +not insuperable obstacles to all these arrangements, and they +do not admit that the Emperor of the French talked to them +about these things, or about the map of Europe revised for +1860. They lamented the dangerous state of the Austrian +Empire by reason of its financial embarrassments, and its +differences between Vienna and Hungary. They admitted +the difficulty of re-establishing a Polish State, seeing that +Russia, Prussia, and Austria are all interested in preventing +it; but they thought that Russia might make herself amends +to the Eastward for giving up part of her Polish possessions.</p> + +<p class="ind">They said the Swedes would be more adverse than the +Danes to a Union of Denmark with Sweden. They said the +Finns are writhing under the Russian yoke, and emigrate in +considerable numbers to Sweden. They think Russia paralysed +for ten years to come by her war against England and +France, by her internal changes, and her money embarrassments. +When the Prince asked Viscount Palmerston to sit +down, it was for the purpose of urging in the strongest and +most earnest manner that some British ships of war, or even +one single gunboat, if more could not be spared, should every +year visit the Baltic, and make a cruise in that sea. He said +that the British Flag was never seen there, although Great +Britain has great interests, commercial and political, in that +sea. That especially for Sweden it would be a great support +if a British man-of-war were every year to show itself in +Swedish waters. He said that our Navy know little or nothing +of the Baltic, and when a war comes, as happened in the late +war with Russia, our ships are obliged, as it were, to feel their +way about in the dark; that the Russians send ships of war +into British ports—why should not England send ships of war +into Russian ports? That we survey seas at the other side +of the Globe, why should we not survey a sea so near to us as +the Baltic; that as far as Sweden is concerned, British ships +would be most cordially received. I said that this should +receive due consideration; and in answer to a question he +said the best time for a Baltic cruise would be from the middle +of June to the latter end of August.</p> + +<p class="ind">They both thought the Emperor of the French extremely +popular in France—but, of course, they only saw outward +demonstrations. They are very anxious for the maintenance +of the Anglo-French Alliance; and they think the Emperor +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.450" id="pageiii.450"></a>[page 450]</span> +obliged to keep a large Army and to build a strong Navy in +order to please and satisfy the French Nation. Such is the +summary of the impression made upon Viscount Palmerston +by the answers and observations drawn out by him in his +conversations with the King and the Prince; most of these +things were said as above reported, some few of the above +statements are perhaps inferences and conclusions drawn +from indirect answers and remarks.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">SWEDEN AND DENMARK</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>18th August 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen is very much obliged to Lord Palmerston for his +detailed account of his conversation with the King of Sweden, +and sends both Memorandums back to him in accordance +with his wishes, in the expectation of having them returned +to her after they shall have been copied.</p> +<span class="rightnote">FRANCE AND SWEDEN</span> +<p class="ind">The King may have been embarrassed by the presence of +the Crown Prince of Prussia here at Osborne, and have on +that account postponed speaking openly to Lord Palmerston. +His desire to acquire Denmark and Finland is not unnatural, +and would not be very dangerous; but the important part +of the matter is, that the Emperor Napoleon has evidently +tried to bribe him for his schemes by such expectations. After +having established a large kingdom, dependent upon him and +possessing a fleet, in the South of Europe on his right flank, +he evidently tries to establish by the same means a similar +power on his left flank in the North. If then the Revolution +of Poland and Hungary takes Germany also in the rear, he +will be exactly in the all-powerful position which his Uncle +held, and at which he himself aims, with that one difference: +that, unlike his Uncle, who had to fight England all the time +(who defended desperately her interests in Europe), he tries +to effect his purposes in alliance with England, and uses for +this end our own <i>free</i> Press and in our own free country!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Polish and Hungarian Revolutions (perhaps the +Russian) and the assistance which may be (nobly?) given +to them by Sweden, can easily be made as popular in this +country as the Italian has, and efforts to produce this result +are fully visible already. The position and prospects of the +Ally, when the Emperor shall have the whole Continent at +his feet, and the command of the Mediterranean and the +Baltic, will not be a very pleasant one. Moreover, the Ally +will probably have irritated him and the French Nation all +the time by abusing them, and by showing that, although +we may have approved of her policy, we did not intend that +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.451" id="pageiii.451"></a>[page 451]</span> +France should reap any benefits from it. All this is probably +not thought of by our journalists, but requires the serious +attention of our statesmen.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Palmerston will perhaps show this letter to Lord +Russell when he sends him the copies of the Memoranda, +which he will probably do.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">FROGMORE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>20th August 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—Before I thank you for your dear +letter of the 14th, or at least before I answer it, I wish to tell +you <i>how soothed</i> I was by that visit to that <i>lovely</i> peaceful +<i>Mausoleum at Frogmore</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">We parted from our dear children and grandchildren with +heavy hearts at seven on the morning of the 16th, for their +visit, excepting the <i>blank</i> which clouds over everything, has +been most peaceful and satisfactory, and we have learnt to +know and most highly appreciate the great <i>excellence</i> of dear +Fritz's character; noble, high-principled, so anxious to do +what is right, and to improve in every way, and so sweet-tempered +and affectionate—so, beyond everything, devoted +to Vicky.</p> + +<p class="ind">I thought much of poor, dear Aunt Julia on the 15th; <i>that +loss</i> was the <i>signal</i> for my irreparable one!</p> + +<p class="ind">We went that afternoon (16th) to Frogmore, where we +slept. The first evening was terribly trying, and I must say +quite overpowered me for a short time; <i>all</i> looked <i>like life</i>, +and yet <i>she</i> was not there! But I got calmer; the very +fact of being surrounded by all she liked, and of seeing the +dear pretty house inhabited again, was a satisfaction, and +the next morning was beautiful, and we went after breakfast +with wreaths up to the Mausoleum, and into the vault which +is <i>à plain-pied</i>, and so pretty—so airy—<i>so</i> grand and simple, +that, affecting as it is, there was no anguish or bitterness of +grief, but calm repose! We placed the wreaths upon the +splendid granite sarcophagus, and at its feet, and <i>felt</i> that +<i>only</i> the <i>earthly robe</i> we loved so much was there. The pure, +tender, loving spirit <i>which loved us</i> so tenderly, is above us—loving +us, praying for us, and <i>free</i> from <i>all</i> suffering and +woe—<i>yes</i>, +that <i>is</i> a <i>comfort</i>, and that <i>first birthday</i> in +<i>another</i> world +must have been a <i>far</i> brighter one than <i>any</i> in this poor world +below! I only grieve <i>now</i> that we should be going so far +away from Frogmore, as I long to go there; only Alice and +dear Augusta Bruce<sup>31</sup>(who feels as a daughter of hers) went +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.452" id="pageiii.452"></a>[page 452]</span> +with us. The morning was so beautiful, and the garden <i>so</i> +lovely!...</p> + +<p class="ind">The news from Austria are very sad, and make one very +anxious. The King of Sweden is full of wild notions put +into his head by the Emperor Napoleon, for whom he has +the greatest admiration!...</p> + +<p class="ind">It is high time I should end my long letter. With Albert's +affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 31: Lady Augusta Bruce, who bad been living with the Duchess of Kent at the time of +her death, was appointed by the Queen to be her resident Bedchamber Woman. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">VISIT TO IRELAND</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Vice-Regal Lodge, Phoenix Park</span>, <i>26th August 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—<i>Not</i> to miss your messenger I write +a few hurried lines to thank you for your two dear letters +of the 16th and the 22nd, the last of which I received yesterday +morning here.... Would to God that affairs in Hungary +took a favourable turn—<i>mais j'en ai bien peur</i>. We had +a very good passage on Wednesday night, since which it has +blown very hard. We left Osborne on Wednesday morning +(21st) at quarter to nine, and anchored in Kingstown Bay +at half-past eleven that night. The next day (22nd) we +landed at eleven and came here, and it rained the whole day. +On Saturday we all went over to the camp, where there was +a field-day. It is a fine <i>emplacement</i> with beautiful turf. +We had two cooling showers. Bertie marched past with his +company, and did not look at all so very small.</p> + +<p class="ind">Yesterday was again a very bad day. I have felt weak +and very nervous, and so low at times; I think <i>so</i> much of +dearest mamma, and miss her love and interest and solicitude +<i>dreadfully</i>; I feel as if we were no longer cared for, and miss +writing to her and telling her everything, dreadfully. At the +Review they played one of her marches, which entirely upset +me.</p> + +<p class="ind">Good Lord Carlisle<sup>32</sup> is most kind and amiable, and so much +beloved. We start for Killarney at half-past twelve. This +is the <i>dearest of days</i>, and one which fills my heart with love, +gratitude, and emotion. God bless and protect for ever my +beloved Albert—the purest and best of human beings! We +miss our four little ones and baby sadly, but have our four +eldest (except poor Vicky) with us.</p> + +<p class="ind">Now good-bye, dearest Uncle. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 32: Lord Carlisle was Viceroy in both the administrations of Lord Palmerston; as +Lord Morpeth he had been Chief Secretary in the Melbourne Government. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.453" id="pageiii.453"></a>[page 453]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Earl Canning.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>9th September 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has not heard of Lord Canning for some time, +but is happy to hear indirectly that he is well, and that everything +is going on well under his admirable administration.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is most gratifying to the Queen to see how peaceful +her Indian Dominions are, and considering the very alarming +state of affairs during the years 1857, '58, and even '59, it +must be a source of unbounded satisfaction and pride to +Lord Canning to witness this state of prosperity at the end +of his Government.</p> + +<p class="ind">As Lord Canning will now soon return to England, the +Queen is anxious to offer him the Rangership of the Park at +Blackheath, with the house which dear Lord Aberdeen had +for some years, hoping that he might find it acceptable and +agreeable from its vicinity to London.<sup>33</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 33: Lord Aberdeen had died on the 14th of December 1860. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ORLEANS PRINCES</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>17th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—Receive my sincerest thanks for +your dear letter of the 14th, which arrived very exactly. I +am so happy to see all the good which your stay in the Highlands +has done you, and I am sure it will be <i>lasting</i>, though +Windsor must have the effect of reviving strongly some +feelings.... When one looks back on those times, one must +say that they were full of difficulties, and one ought to feel +very grateful that such a happy present has grown out of +them. I regret much Paris and Robert<sup>34</sup> having joined the +Federal Army, mixing in a civil war!! The object is to show +courage, to be able to say: "<i>Ils se sont beaucoup distingués</i>." +They have a chance of being shot for Abraham Lincoln and +the most rank Radicalism. I don't think that step will +please in France, where Radicalism is at discount fortunately. +The poor Queen is very unhappy about it, but now nothing +can be done, only one may wish to see them well out of it. +Poor Queen! constantly new events painful to her assail her. +I had rather a kind letter from the Emperor Napoleon about +the state of Mexico. I fear he will find his wishes to see there +a stable Government not much liked in England, though his +plans are <i>not</i> for any advantage France is to derive from it. +To-morrow we go to Liège to be in readiness for the following +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.454" id="pageiii.454"></a>[page 454]</span> +day. The King William III.<sup>35</sup> will arrive for dinner, stay the +night, and go very early on Sunday. He will be extremely +well received here, his <i>procédé</i> being duly appreciated. To +be very civilly received in a country which one was heir to, is +rather <i>un peu pénible</i>, and one feels a little awkward.... +Your devoted and only Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 34: The Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres, sons of the Duc d'Orléans, eldest son +of King Louis Philippe.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 35: The King of Holland. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Duchess of Manchester<a id="footnotetagXXX36" name="footnotetagXXX36"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX36"><sup>36</sup></a> to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE COURT OF HANOVER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Hanover</span> [<i>Undated. October 1861</i>].</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Madam</span>,—Though your Majesty has only very lately seen +the Princess Royal, I cannot refrain from addressing your +Majesty, as I am sure your Majesty will be pleased to hear +how well Her Royal Highness was looking during the Manœuvres +on the Rhine, and how much she seems to be beloved, +not only by all those who know her, but also by those who +have only seen and heard of her. The English could not help +feeling proud of the way the Princess Royal was spoken of, +and the high esteem she is held in. For one so young it is a +most flattering position, and certainly as the Princess's charm +of manner and her kind unaffected words had in that short +time won her the hearts of all the officers and strangers present, +one was not astonished at the praise the Prussians themselves +bestow on Her Royal Highness. The Royal Family is so +large, and their opinions politically and socially sometimes +so different, that it must have been very difficult indeed at +first for the Princess Royal, and people therefore cannot praise +enough the high principles, great discretion, sound judgment, +and cleverness Her Royal Highness has invariably displayed.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty would have been amused to hear General +Wrangel<a id="footnotetagXXX37" name="footnotetagXXX37"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX37"><sup>37</sup></a> tell at the top of his voice how delighted the soldiers +were to see the Princess on horseback, and the interest she +showed for them. What pleased them specially was to see +Her Royal Highness ride without a veil—such an odd thing +in soldiers to remark. The King of Prussia is looking very +well, but the Queen I thought very much altered. Her +Majesty looks very pale and tired, and has such a painful +drawn look about the mouth. How the Queen will be able +to go through all the fatigues of the Coronation I do not know, +as Her Majesty already complained of being tired, and knocked +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.455" id="pageiii.455"></a>[page 455]</span> +up by the manœvres and dinners, and had to go to Mentz +for a few days to rest herself. Their Majesties' kindness was +very great, and the Duke told me of the extreme hospitality +with which they were entertained. Every one, high and low, +were rivalling each other in civility and friendliness towards +the strangers, especially the English, and one really felt quite +ashamed of those wanton attacks the <i>Times</i> always makes +on Prussia, and which are read and copied into all the Prussian +papers. The last night all the officers dined together. General +Forey put himself into the President's place and insisted, to +the exclusion of Lord Clyde, who was by far the senior officer, +and who was expected to do it, on proposing the health of +the King, the Royal Family, the Army, and Nation. Not +content with doing it in French, he drew out of his pocket a +document written for him in German, for he did not know the +language, and read it with the most extraordinary pronunciation. +The English officers all admired the way the Germans +kept their countenance notwithstanding the absurdity of the +exhibition.</p> + +<p class="ind">On the 21st they have had great doings here at Hanover. +I hear that to the astonishment of everybody the Queen +appeared at the <i>Enthüllung</i>, where all other people were <i>en +grande tenue</i>, in a little small round hat with a lilac feather. +Her Maids of Honour—she has only one now besides that +English Miss Stewart—were ordered to wear hats to keep +Her Majesty in countenance. I wonder if your Majesty has +read the speech the King has addressed to his people on the +occasion of the <i>Enthüllung</i> and the Crown Prince's birthday. +It cannot fail to excite the greatest pity that such things, +however well meant, should be written. Has your Majesty +also heard of the pamphlet that has been published here +called <i>Das Welfe</i>—that name Welfe is quite an <i>idée fixe</i> of +the King now, and he brings it in on every occasion, and this +pamphlet is written throwing the whole idea into ridicule, +and beginning with the last years of the late King's reign. +The Crown Prince<sup>38</sup> is very much liked, but, unfortunately, +his new tutor will probably also leave very shortly—he has +no authority over him, the Prince still regretting M. de Issendorf. +Besides, he is not allowed to exercise his judgment in +the smallest way—the King going on the principle that a +King only can educate a King. The reason the other tutor +left, or was dismissed, was partly on account of his remonstrating +against the religious instructions, which were carried +so far that the Prince had hardly any time left to learn other +things. Besides the Prince, who dislikes the clergyman, had +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.456" id="pageiii.456"></a>[page 456]</span> +drawn a caricature, to which the man very much gives himself, +and the King thought M. de Issendorf had known of it, which +turned out not to be the case.... I have the honour to +remain, your Majesty's most obedient and devoted Servant +and Subject,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Louise Manchester</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXX36" name="footnoteXXX36"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX36">Footnote 36:</a> Louise Frederica Augusta, wife of the seventh Duke of Manchester, and Mistress of +the Robes. She was daughter of the Count von Alten of Hanover, and is now Dowager +Duchess of Devonshire.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX37" name="footnoteXXX37"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX37">Footnote 37:</a> The Queen had met General von Wrangel at Babelsberg in August 1858. "He is +seventy-six," she wrote, "and a great character." He had commanded a division in the +Danish war of 1848, and it had fallen to him in the same year, as Commandant of the +troops, to dissolve the Berlin Assembly by force.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 38: Prince Ernest Augustus, born 1845; the present Duke of Cumberland. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Crown Princess of Prussia to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">CORONATION OF KING OF PRUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Könisberg</span>, <i>19th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Mamma</span>,—Last night I could not write to you +as I would have wished, because I felt so knocked up that I +went to bed. I have got such a very bad cold on my chest, +with a cough that leaves me no rest, and of course cannot +take care of myself, and am obliged to stand and sit in every +sort of draught with a low gown and without a cloak, so it is +no wonder to have caught cold. I have not had a cough +since I don't know when. I should like to be able to describe +yesterday's ceremony to you, but I cannot find words to tell +you how fine and how touching it was; it really was a magnificent +sight! The King looked so very handsome and so +noble with the crown on; it seemed to suit him so exactly. +The Queen, too, looked beautiful, and did all she had to do +with perfect grace, and looked so <i>vornehm</i>; I assure you the +whole must have made a great impression on everybody +present, and all those to whom I have talked on the subject +quite share my feeling. The moment when the King put the +crown on the Queen's head was very touching, I think there +was hardly a dry eye in the church. The <i>Schlosshof</i> was the +finest, I thought—five bands playing "God save the Queen," +banners waving in all directions, cheers so loud that they quite +drowned the sound of the music, and the procession moving +slowly on, the sky without a cloud; and all the uniforms, +and the ladies' diamonds glittering in the bright sunlight. +I shall never forget it all, it was so very fine! Dearest +Fritz's birthday being chosen for the day made me very happy; +he was in a great state of emotion and excitement, as you +can imagine, as we all were. Mr Thomas<a id="footnotetagXXX39" name="footnotetagXXX39"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX39"><sup>39</sup></a> was in the chapel. +I hope he will have been able to take down some useful +memoranda. The Grand Duke of Weimar,<a id="footnotetagXXX40" name="footnotetagXXX40"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX40"><sup>40</sup></a> the King and +ourselves, have ordered drawings of him.</p> +<span class="rightnote">A BRILLIANT CEREMONY</span> +<p class="ind">The <i>coup d'œil</i> was really beautiful; the chapel is in itself +lovely, with a great deal of gold about it, and all hung with +red velvet and gold—the carpet, altar, thrones and canopies +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.457" id="pageiii.457"></a>[page 457]</span> +the same. The Knights of the Black Eagle with red velvet +cloaks, the Queen's four young ladies all alike in white and +gold, the two Palastdamen in crimson velvet and gold, and +the Oberhofmeisterin in gold and white brocade with green +velvet, Marianne and Addy in red and gold and red and silver; +I, in gold with ermine and white satin, my ladies, one in blue +velvet, the other in red velvet, and Countess Schulenberg, +together with the two other Oberhofmeisterin of the other +Princesses, in violet velvet and gold. All these colours together +looked very beautiful, and the sun shone, or rather +poured in at the high windows, and gave quite magic tinges.</p> + +<p class="ind">The music was very fine, the chorales were sung so loud +and strong that it really quite moved one. The King was +immensely cheered, wherever he appeared—also the Queen, +and even I.</p> + +<p class="ind">There were illuminations last night, but I did not go to +see them, as I was too tired and felt so unwell. There are +five degrees of cold (Réaumur), and one is exposed to draughts +every minute.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sixteen hundred people dined in the Schloss last night! +The King and Queen were most kind to me yesterday; the +King gave me a charming little locket for his hair, and only +think—what will sound most extraordinary, absurd, and incredible +to your ears—made me Second <i>Chef</i> of the 2nd +Regiment of Hussars! I laughed so much, because really I +thought it was a joke—it seemed so strange for ladies; but +the Regiments like particularly having ladies for their <i>Chefs!</i> +The Queen and the Queen Dowager have Regiments, but I +believe I am the first Princess on whom such an honour is +conferred.</p> +<span class="rightnote">DISTINGUISHED GUESTS</span> +<p class="ind">The Archduke addressed the King yesterday, in the name +of all the foreign Princes present, in a very pretty speech.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is such a pleasure to see good Philip here, and the two +Portuguese cousins. Juan<a id="footnotetagXXX41" name="footnotetagXXX41"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX41"><sup>41</sup></a> is very nice, but he does not talk +much; he has a very fine, tall figure, and is nice-looking. I +should think he must be like his father. Prince Hohenzollern <a id="footnotetagXXX42" name="footnotetagXXX42"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX42"><sup>42</sup></a> +is become Royal Highness, and the title is to descend to his +eldest son. Half Europe is here, and one sees the funniest +combinations in the world. It is like a happy family shut +up in a cage! The Italian Ambassador sat near Cardinal +Geisel, and the French one opposite the Archduke. The +Grand Duke Nicolas is here—he is so nice—also the Crown +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.458" id="pageiii.458"></a>[page 458]</span> +Prince of Würtemberg,<a id="footnotetagXXX43" name="footnotetagXXX43"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX43"><sup>43</sup></a> Crown Prince of Saxony,<a id="footnotetagXXX44" name="footnotetagXXX44"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX44"><sup>44</sup></a> Prince +Luitpold of Bavaria,<a id="footnotetagXXX45" name="footnotetagXXX45"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX45"><sup>45</sup></a> Prince Charles of Hesse<a id="footnotetagXXX46" name="footnotetagXXX46"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX46"><sup>46</sup></a> (who nearly +dies of fright and shyness amongst so many people), and +Heinrich; Prince Elimar of Oldenburg,<a id="footnotetagXXX47" name="footnotetagXXX47"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX47"><sup>47</sup></a> Prince Frederic of +the Netherlands,<a id="footnotetagXXX48" name="footnotetagXXX48"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX48"><sup>48</sup></a> and the Grand Duke and Duchess of Weimar, +who wish to be most particularly remembered to you and +Papa.</p> + +<p class="ind">The King and Queen are most kind to Lord Clarendon, and +make a marked difference between their marked cordiality to +him and the stiff etiquette with which the other Ambassadors +are received.</p> + +<p class="ind">I think he is pleased with what he sees. The King has +given the Queen the Order of the Black Eagle in diamonds. +I write all these details, as you wish them, at the risk of their +not interesting you, besides my being, as you know, a very +bad hand at descriptions. I shall make a point of your +having newspapers.</p> + +<p class="ind">I am unable to appear at the <i>cour</i> this morning, as my +cough is too violent: I hope to be able to be at the concert +this evening, but I own it seems very doubtful. The state +dinner looked very well; we were waited on by our <i>Kammerherren</i> +and pages—the King being waited on by the <i>Oberhofchargen</i>—and +our ladies stood behind our chairs. After the +first two dishes are round, the King asks to drink, and that +is the signal for the ladies and gentlemen to leave the room +and go to dinner, while the Pages of Honour continue to serve +the whole dinner really wonderfully well, poor boys, considering +it is no easy task.</p> + +<p class="ind">To-morrow we leave Königsberg for Dantzic—we have not +had one day's bad weather here, nothing but sunshine and +a bright blue sky. I was so glad that Heaven smiled upon +us yesterday, it would have been so sad if it had poured; it +looked a little threatening early in the morning and a few +drops fell, but it cleared completely before nine o'clock.</p> + +<p class="ind">Fritz would thank you for your dear letters himself, but +he is at the University, where they have elected him <i>Rector +Magnificus</i>, and where he has to make a speech. We have +all got our servants and carriages and horses here <i>every</i> day—300 +footmen in livery, together with other servants in livery, +make 400. All the standards and colours of the whole Army +are here, and all the Colonels. Altogether, you cannot +imagine what a crush and what a scramble there is on every +occasion; there was a man crushed to death in the crowd +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.459" id="pageiii.459"></a>[page 459]</span> +the other day, which is quite dreadful. I must say good-bye +now, and send this scrawl by a messenger, whom Lord Clarendon +means to expedite. Ever your most dutiful and affectionate +Daughter,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria</span>.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXX39" name="footnoteXXX39"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX39">Footnote 39:</a> George Housman Thomas, artist (1824-1868). The picture he produced on this +occasion was entitled, <i>Homage of the Princess Royal at the Coronation of the King of +Prussia</i>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX40" name="footnoteXXX40"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX40">Footnote 40:</a> Charles Alexander, 1818-1901, grandfather of the present Grand Duke.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX41" name="footnoteXXX41"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX41">Footnote 41:</a> Prince John, brother of King Pedro, was making a tour with his elder brother, Louis, +the Duc d'Oporto.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX42" name="footnoteXXX42"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX42">Footnote 42:</a> Prince Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern was the father of the young Queen Stéphanie +of Portugal, who had died in 1859.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX43" name="footnoteXXX43"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX43">Footnote 43:</a> Prince Charles Frederick, 1823-1891.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX44" name="footnoteXXX44"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX44">Footnote 44:</a> Prince Albert, who became King in 1873.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX45" name="footnoteXXX45"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX45">Footnote 45:</a> Brother of King Maximilian II.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX46" name="footnoteXXX46"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX46">Footnote 46:</a> Son of the Elector Frederick William I.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX47" name="footnoteXXX47"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX47">Footnote 47:</a> Brother of the reigning Grand Duke.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX48" name="footnoteXXX48"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX48">Footnote 48:</a> Uncle of the King of Holland. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PRINCESS ROYAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Königsberg</span>, <i>19th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly hopes that your Majesty will not be displeased +at his not having written sooner, but every moment has been +occupied by <i>fêtes</i> and ceremonies here, and the visits to Royal +Personages, who are in great numbers, and Lord Clarendon +also wished to delay sending off the messenger until the +Coronation was over.</p> + +<p class="ind">That most interesting and imposing ceremony took place +yesterday, and with the most complete and unalloyed success; +everything was conducted with the most perfect order; the +service not too long, the vocal music enchanting, but <i>the</i> great +feature of the ceremony was the manner in which the Princess +Royal did homage to the King. Lord Clarendon is at a loss +for words to describe to your Majesty the exquisite grace and +the intense emotion with which Her Royal Highness gave +effect to her feelings on the occasion. Many an older as well +as younger man than Lord Clarendon, who had not his interest +in the Princess Royal, were quite as unable as himself to repress +their emotion at that which was so touching, because so +unaffected and sincere....</p> + +<p class="ind">If His Majesty had the mind, the judgment, and the foresight +of the Princess Royal, there would be nothing to fear, and the +example and influence of Prussia would soon be marvellously +developed. Lord Clarendon has had the honour to hold a +very long conversation with Her Royal Highness, and has +been more than ever astonished at the <i>statesmanlike</i> and comprehensive +views which she takes of the policy of Prussia, both +internal and foreign, and of the <i>duties</i> of a Constitutional King.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon is not at all astonished, but very much +pleased, to find how appreciated and beloved Her Royal +Highness is by all classes. Every member of the Royal Family +has spoken of her to Lord Clarendon in terms of admiration, +and through various channels he has had opportunities of +learning how strong the feeling of educated and enlightened +people is towards Her Royal Highness. All persons say most +truly that any one who saw Her Royal Highness yesterday +can never forget her.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon is sorry to say that the Princess Royal has +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.460" id="pageiii.460"></a>[page 460]</span> +a feverish cold to-day—nothing at all serious—and as Her +Royal Highness stayed in bed this afternoon, did not attend +the great concert at the Palace this evening, and, as Lord +Clarendon hopes, will not go to Dantzic to-morrow, Her Royal +Highness will probably be quite fit for the many fatiguing +duties she will have to perform next week....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON'S AIMS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Berlin</span>, <i>20th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that yesterday he had the honour of +being sent for by the Queen, with whom he had a long and +interesting conversation....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen expressed her deep regret at the tone of the +English newspapers, but admitted that the German Press +repaid the English insults with large interest. Her Majesty +said, however, that she and the King, and all sensible men +with whom their Majesties hold communication, were determined +to disregard the attacks, and by every possible means +to draw nearer to England.</p> +<span class="rightnote">AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA</span> +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon took the opportunity of warning the Queen +respecting the Emperor and his <i>idée fixe</i>, that his dynasty +could only be secured by the territorial aggrandisement of +France. Lord Clarendon expressed his conviction that if the +King had resembled M. de Cavour, some strong proposals +would already have been made to them, but that the Emperor's +plans had been foiled by the honourable character of the +King. There ought, nevertheless, to be no delusion here, +but on the contrary, a careful avoidance of the traps which +cajolery and flattery were setting for Prussia, because at any +moment the Emperor might think it necessary for his own +purposes in France to seize upon the left bank of the Rhine, +and that all classes in France, no matter to what party belonging, +would be delighted at his so doing, and his popularity +and power in France would be enormously increased by it. +The Queen agreed, but was under the notion, which Lord +Clarendon was able effectually to dispel, that the dilapidated +state of French finances would prevent the Emperor from +undertaking a war upon a large scale.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon thinks that he strengthened the Queen's +opinion respecting "eventualities" and the necessity of +making preparations and evoking a national spirit against +foreign aggression, such as that recently manifested in England, +and which had done so much in favour of peace as far as we +ourselves were concerned. Her Majesty, however, said that +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.461" id="pageiii.461"></a>[page 461]</span> +Prussian policy towards Germany opened so large a chapter +that she wished to reserve the discussion of it for our next +conversation.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon fears that Count Bernstorff is disposed to +think that Austria's difficulty is Prussia's opportunity, and to +be exigent as to the concessions upon which a better understanding +between the two countries must be based. Lord +Clarendon was confidentially informed yesterday that a +Cabinet had just been held for the first time since Count +Bernstorff became a member of it, and that with respect to +internal affairs he had greatly alarmed and annoyed some of +his colleagues by his retrograde opinions. Lord Clarendon had +the honour of dining with the Crown Prince and Princess last +night. The dinner was perfect, and everything conducted +in the most admirable manner; there was afterwards a ball +at "The Queen's" which was really a splendid fête. The +festivities and the visitings are so uninterrupted that everybody +is unwell and tired. The Duc de Magenta's grand fête +takes place on the 29th. The Austrian Minister gives a ball +to-morrow (<i>Sunday</i>), which day has unfortunately been fixed +by the King, to the annoyance of all the English; but Lord +Clarendon has determined that the Embassy shall attend, +otherwise the King might consider that we wished to give +him a public lesson upon the observance of the Sabbath. +Lord Clarendon trusts that your Majesty will approve the +decision. Lord Granville's visit appears to be highly appreciated +by the Court.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Balmoral</span>, <i>21st October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—You will excuse a long letter as this +is our last day, alas! Many, many thanks for your dear +letters of the 17th and 18th, which I received yesterday. I +am glad to see that my account of our mountain expedition +amused you, and that you remember all so well. If it could +amuse you later, I would send you my <i>Reisebeschreibung</i> to +read. I will have it copied and send it you later. We have +had a most beautiful week, which we have thoroughly enjoyed—I +going out every day about twelve or half-past, taking +luncheon with us, carried in a basket on the back of a Highlander, +and served by an <i>invaluable</i> Highland servant I have, +who is <i>my factotum here</i>, and takes the most wonderful care of +me, combining the offices of groom, footman, page, and <i>maid</i>, +I might almost say, as he is so handy about cloaks and shawls, +etc. He always leads my pony, and always attends me out +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.462" id="pageiii.462"></a>[page 462]</span> +of doors, and <i>such</i> a good, handy, <i>faithful</i>, attached servant +I have nowhere; it is quite a sorrow for me to leave him +behind. Now, with Albert's affectionate love, ever your +devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE <i>TIMES</i> AND PRUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>25th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen has long seen with deep regret the persevering +efforts made by the <i>Times</i>, which leads the rest of our Press, +in attacking, vilifying, and abusing everything German, and +particularly everything Prussian. That journal had since +years shown the same bias, but it is since the Macdonald affair +of last year,<sup>49</sup> that it has assumed that tone of virulence, which +could not fail to produce the deepest indignation amongst the +people of Germany, and by degrees estrange the feelings of +the people of this country from Germany. Lord Palmerston, +probably not reading any German newspaper, nor having any +personal intercourse with that country, can hardly be aware +to what extent the mischief has already gone, though he will +agree with the Queen that national hatred between these two +peoples is a real political calamity for both. The Queen had +often intended to write to Lord Palmerston on the subject, +and to ask him whether he would not be acting in the spirit +of public duty if he endeavoured, as far at least as might be +in his power, to point out to the managers of the <i>Times</i> (which +derives some of its power from the belief abroad that it represents +more or less the feelings of the Government) how +great the injury is which it inflicts upon the best interests of +this country. She has, however, refrained from doing so, +trusting in the chance of a change in tone, and feeling that +Lord Palmerston might not like to enter into discussion with +the Editors of the <i>Times</i>....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen believes that Lord Palmerston is the only person +who could exercise any influence over Mr Delane, and even +if this should not be much, it will be important that that +gentleman should know the mischief his writings are doing, +and that the Government sincerely deplore it.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 49: At Bonn, in September 1860, Captain Macdonald, a railway passenger, had been +ejected from his seat in the train by the railway authorities, and committed to prison. +The incident became the subject of considerable diplomatic correspondence, as well as +of some fierce attacks on Prussia in the <i>Times</i>. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Mr Delane to Viscount Palmerston.</i><sup>50</sup></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE ENGLISH PRESS</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">16 Serjeant's Inn</span>, <i>28th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Lord</span>,—I shall be very glad to give the Prussians +a respite from that most cruel of all inflictions—good advice.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.463" id="pageiii.463"></a>[page 463]</span> + +<p class="ind">Indeed, I would not have intruded anything so unwelcome +during the splendid solemnities of the Coronation had not +the King uttered those surprising anachronisms upon Divine +Right.</p> + +<p class="ind">Pray observe, too, in extenuation of my offence that I sent +a faithful chronicler to Königsberg, who has described all the +splendours in a proper and reverent spirit, and done what man +can do to render such ceremonies intelligible, and the recital +of them not too wearisome to those who believe in Divine +Right as little as your Lordship's very faithful Servant,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">John T. Delane.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 50: Enclosed in the following letter. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE <i>TIMES</i></span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>30th October 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that when he received a few days +ago from Lord Russell the Memorandum which your Majesty +intended for him, and which he returned to Lord Russell, he +wrote to Mr Delane in accordance with your Majesty's wishes, +and he has this morning received the accompanying answer.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston would, however, beg to submit that +an erroneous notion prevails on the Continent as to English +newspapers.</p> + +<p class="ind">The newspapers on the Continent are all more or less under +a certain degree of control, and the most prominent among +them are the organs of political parties, or of leading public +men; and it is not unnatural that Governments and Parties +on the Continent should think that English newspapers are +published under similar conditions.</p> + +<p class="ind">But in this country all thriving newspapers are commercial +undertakings, and are conducted on commercial principles, +and none others are able long to maintain an existence. Attempts +have often been made to establish newspapers to be +directed by political men, and to be guided by the same considerations +by which those men would govern their own +conduct, but such papers have seldom succeeded. The Peelite +Party tried some years ago such an experiment with the +<i>Morning Chronicle</i>, but after spending a very large sum of +money on the undertaking they were obliged to give it up. +The <i>Times</i> is carried on as a large commercial enterprise, +though, of course, with certain political tendencies and bias, +but mainly with a view to profit upon the large capital employed.</p> + +<p class="ind">The actual price at which each copy of the newspaper is +sold barely pays the expense of paper, printing, and establishment; +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.464" id="pageiii.464"></a>[page 464]</span> +it is indeed said that the price does not repay those +expenses. The profit of the newspaper arises from the price +paid for advertisements, and the greater the number of advertisements +the greater the profit. But advertisements are +sent by preference to the newspaper which has the greatest +circulation; and that paper gets the widest circulation which +is the most amusing, the most interesting, and the most +instructive. A dull paper is soon left off. The proprietors +and managers of the <i>Times</i> therefore go to great expense in +sending correspondents to all parts of the world where interesting +events are taking place, and they employ a great many +able and clever men to write articles upon all subjects which +from time to time engage public attention; and as mankind +take more pleasure in reading criticism and fault-finding than +praise, because it is soothing to individual vanity and conceit +to fancy that the reader has become wiser than those about +whom he reads, so the <i>Times</i>, in order to maintain its circulation, +criticises freely everybody and everything; and especially +events and persons, and Governments abroad, because +such strictures are less likely to make enemies at home than +violent attacks upon parties and persons in this country. +Foreign Governments and Parties ought therefore to look +upon English newspapers in the true point of view, and not +to be too sensitive as to attacks which those papers may +contain.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEMOCRACY IN PRUSSIA</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Berlin</span>, <i>5th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, +and humbly begs to say that as he leaves Berlin to-morrow, +the Princess Royal has most kindly just given him an Audience +of leave, although Her Royal Highness was still suffering +considerable pain in her ear, and was quite unfit for any +exertion. Her Royal Highness's countenance bears traces of +the severe illness of the last few days, but Lord Clarendon +trusts that the worst is now over, and that care alone is necessary +for her complete recovery. Her Royal Highness is still +so weak that she was obliged to desist from writing, which +she attempted this morning, and Lord Clarendon took the +liberty of earnestly recommending that the journey to Breslau, +upon which Her Royal Highness appeared to be bent, should +be given up. Lord Clarendon intends to repeat the same +advice to the Queen, whom he is to see this evening, as there +are to be four days of rejoicings at Breslau, for the fatigue +of which the Crown Princess must be utterly unfit.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.465" id="pageiii.465"></a>[page 465]</span> + +<p class="ind">Her Royal Highness is much alarmed at the state of things +here, and Lord Clarendon thinks with great reason, for the +King has quite made up his mind as to the course that he will +pursue. He sees democracy and revolution in every symptom +of opposition to his will. His Ministers are mere clerks, who +are quite content to register the King's decrees, and there is +no person from whom His Majesty seeks advice, or indeed +who is capable or would have the moral courage to give it. The +King will always religiously keep his word, and will never +overturn the institutions he has sworn to maintain, but they +are so distasteful to him, and so much at variance with his +habit of thought and settled opinions as to the rights of the +Crown, that His Majesty will never, if he can avoid it, accept +the consequences of representative Government, or allow it +to be a reality. This is generally known, and among the +middle classes is producing an uneasy and resentful feeling, +but as far as Lord Clarendon is able to judge, there is no fear +of revolution—the Army is too strong, and the recollection +of 1848 is too fresh to allow of acts of violence.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon had the honour of an Audience of the King +on Sunday. His Majesty was most friendly and kind, but +evidently unwell and irritable. Lord Clarendon therefore +thought that it would be neither prudent nor useful to say +the many things that the Queen had wished that the King +should hear from Lord Clarendon. He touched upon the +subject of Constitutional Government, and His Majesty said: +"I have sworn to maintain our Institutions, and I declare to +you, and I wish you to inform your Government, that I will +maintain them."</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Clarendon proposes to remain Friday at Brussels, and +hopes to have the honour of seeing the King.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF KING OF PORTUGAL</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I hardly know <i>how</i> to <i>write</i>, for my +head reels and swims, and my heart is very sore!<sup>51</sup> <i>What</i> an +awful misfortune this is! How the hand of death seems bent +on pursuing that poor, dear family! once so prosperous. +Poor Ferdinand so proud of his children—of his five sons—now +the eldest and <i>most</i> distinguished, the head of the family, +<i>gone</i>, and also another of fifteen, and the youngest <i>still</i> ill! +The two others at sea, and will land to-morrow in utter ignorance +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.466" id="pageiii.466"></a>[page 466]</span> +of everything, and poor, dear, good Louis (whom I +thought dreadfully low when we saw him and Jean for an hour +on Friday) King! It is an almost incredible event! a terrible +calamity for Portugal, and a <i>real</i> European loss! Dear Pedro +was so good, so clever, so distinguished! He was so attached +to my beloved Albert, and the characters and tastes suited so +well, and he had such confidence in Albert! <i>All, all gone!</i> +<i>He</i> is happy now, united again to dear Stéphanie,<sup>52</sup> whose loss +he never recovered.... Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 51: King Pedro of Portugal died of typhoid fever on the 11th of November; his brother +Ferdinand had died on the 6th; and Prince John, Duke of Beja, succumbed in the +following December.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 52: The young Queen Stéphanie of Portugal had died in 1859. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE AFFAIR OF THE <i>TRENT</i></span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>13th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"> ... Viscount Palmerston met yesterday at dinner at +Baron Brunnow's the Grand Duke Constantine and the Grand +Duchess, and they were overflowing with thankfulness for +the kind and gracious reception they had met with at Windsor +Castle.</p> + +<p class="ind">There was reason to suspect that an American federal +steamer of war of eight guns, which had lately arrived at +Falmouth, and from thence at Southampton, was intended to +intercept the Mail Packet coming home with the West Indian +Mail, in order to take out of her Messrs Mason and Slidell, +the two Envoys from the Southern Confederacy, supposed +to be coming in her.<a id="footnotetagXXX53" name="footnotetagXXX53"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX53"><sup>53</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston had on Monday a meeting at the +Treasury of the Chancellor, Doctor Lushington, the three Law +Officers,<a id="footnotetagXXX54" name="footnotetagXXX54"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX54"><sup>54</sup></a> the Duke of Somerset, Sir George Grey, and Mr +Hammond.<a id="footnotetagXXX55" name="footnotetagXXX55"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX55"><sup>55</sup></a> The result of their deliberation was that, according +to the Law of Nations, as laid down by Lord Stowell, +and practised and enforced by England in the war with France, +the Northern Union being a belligerent is entitled by its ships +of war to stop and search any neutral Merchantmen, and the +West India Packet is such; to search her if there is reasonable +suspicion that she is carrying enemy's despatches, and +if such are found on board to take her to a port of the belligerent, +and there to proceed against her for condemnation. +Such being ruled to be the law, the only thing that could be +done was to order the <i>Phaeton</i> frigate to drop down to Yarmouth +Roads from Portsmouth, and to watch the American +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.467" id="pageiii.467"></a>[page 467]</span> +steamer, and to see that she did not exercise this belligerent +right within the three-mile limit of British jurisdiction, and +this was done. But Viscount Palmerston sent yesterday for +Mr Adams to ask him about this matter, and to represent to +him how unwise it would be to create irritation in this country +merely for the sake of preventing the landing of Mr Slidell, +whose presence here would have no more effect on the policy +of your Majesty with regard to America than the presence +of the three other Southern Deputies who have been here for +many months. Mr Adams assured Viscount Palmerston +that the American steamer had orders not to meddle with any +vessel under any foreign flag; that it came to intercept the +<i>Nashville</i>, the Confederate ship in which it was thought the +Southern Envoys might be coming; and not having met with +her was going back to the American coast to watch some +Merchantmen supposed to be taking arms to the Southern +ports.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston heard from a source likely to be well +informed that at the interview between the Emperor and the +King of Prussia at Compiègne, the Emperor, among other +things, said to the King that there were three systems of alliance +between which France and Prussia might choose: an +alliance of France with England, an alliance of Prussia with +England, an alliance of France with Prussia. The first the +Emperor said now to a certain degree exists, but is precarious +and not likely to last long, because England is too exacting; +the second would not be useful to Prussia, but might be +dangerous, inasmuch as it would look like hostility to France, +and England would not be likely to back Prussia effectually +if a rupture took place between Prussia and France. The +last was the system best for Prussia, and was calculated to +promote her interests; at all events, the Emperor hoped that +if at any time there should be a rupture between France and +England, Prussia would remain neutral. The King of Prussia +said he was not come to discuss matters of that kind with the +Emperor, but only to pay him a visit of compliment. Your +Majesty will be able to compare this statement with the accounts +your Majesty may have received of what passed at +that visit....</p> + +<p class="ind">The Chancellor<sup>56</sup> told the Cabinet as he was going away +that he would soon have to shut up the Court of Chancery in +consequence of having disposed of all the suits before it; +and that in future the progress of a Chancery suit will be the +emblem of rapidity, and not as formerly synonymous with +endless delay.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXX53" name="footnoteXXX53"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX53">Footnote 53:</a> See Introductory Note, <i>ante</i>, <a href="#pageiii.421" style="font-weight: normal;">p. 421</a>.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX54" name="footnoteXXX54"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX54">Footnote 54:</a> Sir William Atherton, Attorney-General, Sir Roundell Palmer, Solicitor-General, +and Dr Phillimore, Counsel to the Admiralty.</p> + +<p class="note1"><a id="footnoteXXX55" name="footnoteXXX55"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX55">Footnote 55:</a> Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, afterwards Lord Hammond.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 56: Lord Westbury. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.468" id="pageiii.468"></a>[page 468]</span> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>26th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,— ... Albert is a little rheumatic, +which is a plague—but it is very difficult not to have something +or other of this kind in this season, with these rapid +changes of temperature; <i>unberufen, unberufen</i>, he is much +better this winter than he was the preceding years.<sup>57</sup> ...</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 57: The Prince had been unwell, even before the receipt of the distressing news from +Portugal, and began to suffer from a somewhat continuous insomnia. On the 22nd of +November, he drove to Sandhurst to inspect the new buildings in progress there. The +day was very wet, and, though he returned in the middle of the day to Windsor, the +exertion proved too severe for him; on the 24th he complained of rheumatic pains, and +of prolonged sleeplessness. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">REDRESS DEMANDED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Downing Street</span>, <i>29th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and begs to state that the Cabinet at its meeting +this afternoon resumed the consideration of the forcible capture +of the Southern Envoys from on board the <i>Trent</i> steamer +upon which the law officers had yesterday given the opinion +contained in the accompanying report. The law officers +and Doctor Phillimore, Counsel to the Admiralty, were in +attendance. The result was that it appeared to the Cabinet +that a gross outrage and violation of international law has +been committed, and that your Majesty should be advised to +demand reparation and redress. The Cabinet is to meet +again to-morrow at two, by which time Lord Russell will have +prepared an instruction to Lord Lyons for the consideration +of the Cabinet, and for submission afterwards to your Majesty. +The general outline and tenor which appeared to meet the +opinions of the Cabinet would be, that the Washington Government +should be told that what has been done is a violation of +international law, and of the rights of Great Britain, and that +your Majesty's Government trust that the act will be disavowed +and the prisoners set free and restored to British +Protection; and that Lord Lyons should be instructed that if +this demand is refused he should retire from the United States.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is stated by Mrs and Miss Slidell, who are now in London, +that the Northern officer who came on board the <i>Trent</i> said +that they were acting on their own responsibility without +instructions from Washington; that very possibly their act +might be disavowed and the prisoners set free on their arrival +at Washington. But it was known that the <i>San Jacinto</i>, +though come from the African station, had arrived from thence +several weeks before, and had been at St Thomas, and had there +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.469" id="pageiii.469"></a>[page 469]</span> +received communications from New York; and it is also said +that General Scott, who has recently arrived in France, has +said to Americans in Paris that he has come not on an excursion +of pleasure, but on diplomatic business; that the seizure +of these envoys was discussed in Cabinet at Washington, he +being present, and was deliberately determined upon and +ordered; that the Washington Cabinet fully foresaw it might +lead to war with England; and that he was commissioned to +propose to France in that case to join the Northern States in +war against England, and to offer France in that case the +restoration of the French Province of Canada.</p> + +<p class="ind">General Scott will probably find himself much mistaken as +to the success of his overtures; for the French Government +is more disposed towards the South than the North, and is +probably thinking more about Cotton than about Canada....</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Russell to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">AN ULTIMATUM</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Foreign Office</span>, <i>29th November 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; +Mr Gladstone has undertaken to explain to your Majesty +what has taken place at the Cabinet to-day.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Russell proposes to frame a draft for to-morrow's +Cabinet of a despatch to Lord Lyons, directing him to ask for +the release of Messrs Mason and Slidell and their two companions, +and an apology. In case these requirements should +be refused, Lord Lyons should ask for his passports.</p> + +<p class="ind">The Lord Chancellor and the law officers of the Crown +are clear upon the law of the case.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Russell will be glad to have your Majesty's opinion on +the draft which will go to your Majesty about four o'clock +to-morrow, without loss of time, as the packet goes to-morrow +evening.<sup>58</sup></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 58: The draft of the despatch to Lord Lyons reached Windsor on the evening of the 30th, +and, in spite of his weak and suffering state, the Prince prepared the draft of the Queen's +letter early the following morning. The letter has been printed in <i>facsimile</i> by Sir +Theodore Martin, who adds that it has a special value as "representing the last political +Memorandum written by the Prince, while it was at the same time inferior to none of +them, as will presently be seen, in the importance of its results. It shows, like most of +his Memorandums, by the corrections in the Queen's hand, how the minds of both were +continually brought to bear upon the subjects with which they dealt." +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Earl Russell.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">THE PRINCE'S LAST LETTER</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>1st December 1861</i>.</p> +<blockquote> +<p><i>Note in the Queen's handwriting.</i></p> + +<p>[This draft was the last the beloved Prince ever wrote; he +was very unwell at the time, and when he brought it in +to the Queen, he said: "I could hardly hold my pen."</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span>]</p></blockquote> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.470" id="pageiii.470"></a>[page 470]</span> + +<p class="ind" style="margin-top: 2em;">The Queen returns these important drafts, which upon the +whole she approves, but she cannot help feeling that the main +draft, that for communication to the American Government, +is somewhat meagre. She should have liked to have seen the +expression of a hope that the American captain did not act +under instructions, or, if he did, that he misapprehended +them—that the United States Government must be fully +aware that the British Government could not allow its flag +to be insulted, and the security of her mail communications +to be placed to jeopardy, and Her Majesty's Government are +unwilling to believe that the United States Government intended +wantonly to put an insult upon this country, and to +add to their many distressing complications by forcing a +question of dispute upon us, and that we are therefore glad to +believe that upon a full consideration of the circumstances, +and of the undoubted breach of international law committed, +they would spontaneously offer such redress as alone could +satisfy this country, viz. the restoration of the unfortunate +passengers and a suitable apology.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>4th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dearest Uncle</span>,—I have many excuses to make for +not writing yesterday, but I had a good deal to do, as my +poor dear Albert's rheumatism has turned out to be a regular +influenza, which has pulled and lowered him very much. +Since Monday he has been confined to his room. It affects +his appetite and sleep, which is very disagreeable, and you +know he is always <i>so</i> depressed when anything is the matter +with him. However, he is decidedly better to-day, and I hope +in two or three days he will be quite himself again. It is +extremely vexatious, as he was so particularly well till he +caught these colds, which came upon worries of various +kinds.... Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">ILLNESS OF THE PRINCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>6th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I am thankful to report decidedly +better of my beloved Albert. He has had much more sleep, +and has taken much more nourishment since yesterday +evening. Altogether, this nasty, feverish sort of influenza +and deranged stomach is <i>on</i> the mend, but it will be slow and +tedious, and though there has <i>not</i> been one alarming symptom, +there has been such restlessness, such sleeplessness, and such +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.471" id="pageiii.471"></a>[page 471]</span> +(till to-day) <i>total</i> refusal of all food, that it made one <i>very, +very</i> +anxious, and I can't describe the <i>anxiety</i> I have gone through! +I feel to-day a good deal shaken, for for four nights I got only +two or three hours' sleep. We have, however, every reason +to hope the recovery, though it may be <i>somewhat</i> tedious, will +not be <i>very</i> slow. You shall hear again to-morrow. Ever +your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">HOPE NOT ABANDONED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>9th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I enclose you Clark's report, which I +think you may like to hear. Our beloved invalid goes on well—but +it <i>must</i> be tedious, and I need not tell you <i>what</i> a trial +it is to me. Every day, however, is bringing us nearer the +end of this tiresome illness, which is much what I had at +Ramsgate, only that I was much worse, and not at first well +attended to. You shall hear daily.</p> + +<p class="ind">You will, I know, feel for me! The night was excellent; +the first good one he had. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">The Americans <i>may</i> possibly get out of it.</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Laeken</span>, <i>11th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Victoria</span>,—<i>How I do feel for you from the +bottom of my heart</i>; that you should have this totally unexpected +tribulation of having dear Albert unwell, when not +long ago we rejoiced that he was bearing this time of the year +so well. Now we must be very patient, as an indisposition of +this description at this time of the year is generally mending +slowly. The great object must be to arrange all the little +details exactly as the patient may wish them; that everything +of that description may move very smoothly is highly +beneficial. Patients are very different in their likings; to +the great horror of angelic Louise, the moment I am ill I +become almost invisible, disliking to see anybody. Other +people are fond of company, and wish to be surrounded. The +medical advisors are, thank God! excellent, and Clark knows +Albert so well. Albert will wish you not to interrupt your +usual airings; you want air, and to be deprived of it would do +you harm. The temperature here at least has been extremely +mild—this ought to be favourable. I trust that every day +will now show some small improvement, and it will be very +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.472" id="pageiii.472"></a>[page 472]</span> +kind of you to let me frequently know how dear Albert is +going on. Believe me ever, my beloved Victoria, your +devoted Uncle,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Leopold R.</span></p> + +<a name="illusiii.4" id="illusiii.4"></a> +<div class="figcenter" style="width:600px;"><a href="images/0482-1100.png"><img src="images/0482-366.png" width="366" height="470" alt="H.R.H. The Prince Consort, 1861." border="0" /></a> +<p class="center"><span class="sc">H.R.H. The Prince Consort, 1861.</span></p> +<p class="center"><i>From the picture by Smith, after Corbould, at Buckingham Palace.</i></p> +<p class="author" style="margin-bottom: 5em;"><i>To face p.</i> 472, Vol. III.</p> +</div> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>11th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">Dearest Uncle</span>,—I can report another good night, and <i>no</i> +loss of strength, and continued satisfactory symptoms. But +more we dare <i>not</i> expect for some days; <i>not</i> losing ground is a +<i>gain, now</i>, of <i>every</i> day.</p> + +<p class="ind">It is very sad and trying for me, but I am well, and I think +really <i>very</i> courageous; for it is the first time that <i>I</i> ever +witnessed anything of this kind though <i>I</i> suffered from the +same at Ramsgate, and was much worse. The trial in every +way is so very trying, for I have lost my guide, my support, +my all, <i>for a time</i>—as we can't ask or tell him anything. Many +thanks for your kind letter received yesterday. We have +been and are reading Von Ense's book<sup>59</sup> to Albert; but it is +<i>not</i> worth much. He likes very much being read to as it +soothes him. W. Scott is also read to him. You shall hear +again to-morrow, dearest Uncle, and, please God! each day +will be more cheering. Ever your devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 59: The <i>Memoirs</i> of Varnhagen von Ense (1785-1858), who served for some years in the +Austrian and the Russian Armies, and was later in the Prussian Diplomatic Service. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>12th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—I can again report favourably of +our <i>most</i> precious invalid. He maintains his ground well—had +another very good night—takes plenty of nourishment, +and shows surprising strength. I am constantly in and out +of his room, but since the <i>first four dreadful</i> nights, <i>last</i> week, +<i>before</i> they had declared it to be <i>gastric fever</i>—I do not sit up +with him at night as I could be of no use; and there is nothing +to cause alarm. I go out twice a day for about an hour. It +is a very trying time, for a fever with its despondency, weakness, +and occasional and <i>invariable</i> wandering, is most painful to +witness—but we have <i>never</i> had <i>one unfavourable</i> symptom; +to-morrow, reckoning from the 22nd, when dear Albert first +fell ill—after going on a wet day to look at some buildings—having +likewise been unusually depressed with worries of +different kinds—is the <i>end</i> of the <i>third week</i>; we <i>may</i> hope +for improvement <i>after</i> that, but the Doctors say they should +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.473" id="pageiii.473"></a>[page 473]</span> +<i>not</i> be <i>at all disappointed if</i> this did <i>not</i> take place till +the <i>end</i> +of the <i>fourth week</i>. I cannot sufficiently praise the skill, +attention, and devotion of Dr Jenner,<sup>60</sup> who is the <i>first fever</i> +Doctor in Europe, one may say—and good old Clark is here +every day; good Brown is also <i>most</i> useful.... We have +got Dr Watson<sup>61</sup> (who succeeded Dr Chambers<sup>62</sup>) and Sir H. +Holland<sup>63</sup> has also been here. But I have kept clear of these +two. Albert sleeps a good deal in the day. He is moved +every day into the next room on a sofa which is made up as a +bed. He has only <i>kept</i> his bed entirely since Monday. Many, +many thanks for your dear, kind letter of the 11th. I knew +how <i>you</i> would <i>feel</i> for and think of me. I am very wonderfully +supported, and, excepting on three occasions, have borne +up very well. I am sure Clark will tell you so. Ever your +most devoted Niece,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 60: Dr (afterwards Sir) William Jenner, K.C.B. (1815-1898), was at this time Physician-Extraordinary +to the Queen.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 61: Afterwards Sir Thomas Watson (1792-1882), F.R.S.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 62: Dr. William Frederick Chambers (1786-1855) was well known as a consulting +physician.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 63: Sir Henry Holland (1788-1873) was Physician-in-Ordinary to the Queen and the +Prince Consort. +</p> + + + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>General Grey to Sir Charles Wood.</i></h5> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Windsor Castle</span>, <i>13th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My dear Wood</span>,—The Queen desires me to acknowledge +the receipt of your letter, and to say that she quite approves +of the purport of your despatch to the Governor-General, +understanding it to be, not that there is to be any reduction +of the Artillery force which it had been determined to leave +permanent in India as the proper establishment for that +country, but simply that some batteries which it had been +resolved to bring home, at all events, are to return somewhat +sooner than had been intended, etc., etc., etc.,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Grey</span>.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF THE PRINCE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>20th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My <i>own</i> dearest, kindest <i>Father</i></span>,—For as such have I +<i>ever</i> loved you! The poor fatherless baby of eight months is +now the utterly broken-hearted and crushed widow of forty-two! +My <i>life</i> as a <i>happy</i> one is <i>ended!</i> the world is gone for +<i>me!</i> If I <i>must live</i> on (and I will do nothing to make me worse +than I am), it is henceforth for our poor fatherless children—for +my unhappy country, which has lost <i>all</i> in losing him—and +in <i>only</i> doing what I know and <i>feel</i> he would wish, for he +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.474" id="pageiii.474"></a>[page 474]</span> +<i>is</i> near me—his spirit will guide and inspire me! But oh! to +be cut off in the prime of life—to see our pure, happy, quiet, +domestic life, which <i>alone</i> enabled me to bear my <i>much</i> disliked +position, <span class="sc">cut off</span> at forty-two—when I <i>had</i> hoped with such +instinctive certainty that God never <i>would</i> part us, and would +let us grow old together (though <i>he</i> always talked of the shortness +of life)—is <i>too awful</i>, too cruel! And yet it <i>must</i> be for +<i>his</i> good, his happiness! His purity was too great, his aspiration +<i>too high</i> for this poor, <i>miserable</i> world! His great soul +is <i>now only</i> enjoying <i>that</i> for which it <i>was</i> worthy! And I +will <i>not</i> envy him—only pray that <i>mine</i> may be perfected by it +and fit to be with him eternally, for which blessed moment +I earnestly long. Dearest, dearest Uncle, <i>how</i> kind of you to +come! It will be an unspeakable <i>comfort</i>, and you <i>can do</i> +much to tell people to do what they ought to do. As for my +<i>own good, personal</i> servants—poor Phipps in particular—nothing +can be more devoted, heartbroken as they are, and +anxious only to live as <i>he</i> wished!</p> + +<p class="ind">Good Alice has been and is wonderful.<sup>64</sup></p> + +<p class="ind">The 26th will suit me perfectly. Ever your devoted, +wretched Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 64: By a singular coincidence, the Princess was to pass away on the anniversary of the +Prince's death. She died on the 14th of December 1878. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Sir Charles Wood to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF LADY CANNING</span> + +<p class="indright"><i>22nd December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Wood, with his humble duty, begs to enclose to +your Majesty two letters from India, one giving an account +of Lord Canning's investing the Indian Chiefs with the Star +of India; and the other an account of poor Lady Canning's +illness and death, which, even at this sad moment, may not be +without interest for your Majesty.</p> + +<p class="ind">Sir Charles Wood hopes that he may be forgiven if, when +having to address your Majesty, he ventures to lay before your +Majesty the expression of his heartfelt sympathy in the sorrow +under which your Majesty is now suffering, and his deep sense +of the irreparable calamity which has befallen your Majesty +and the country.</p> + +<p class="ind">Though it cannot be any consolation, it must be gratifying +to your Majesty to learn the deep and universal feeling of +regret and sorrow which prevails amongst all classes of your +Majesty's subjects, and in none so strongly as in those who +have had the most opportunity of appreciating the inestimable +value of those services, of which by this awful dispensation +of Providence the country has been deprived.</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.475" id="pageiii.475"></a>[page 475]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Earl Canning to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">DEATH OF LADY CANNING</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Barrackpore</span>, <i>22nd November 1861</i>.<a id="footnotetagXXX65" name="footnotetagXXX65"></a><a href="#footnoteXXX65"><sup>65</sup></a></p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty. +Your Majesty will have heard by the last mail of the heavy +blow which has fallen upon Lord Canning. The kindness of +your Majesty to Lady Canning has been so invariable and so +great that he feels it to be right that your Majesty should +receive a sure account of her last illness with as little delay +as possible.</p> + +<p class="ind">The funeral is over. It took place quite privately at sunrise +on the 19th. There is no burial-place for the Governor-General +or his family, and the cemeteries at Calcutta are odious +in many ways: Lord Canning has therefore set a portion of +the garden at Barrackpore (fifteen miles from Calcutta) apart +for the purpose. It is a beautiful spot—looking upon that +reach of the grand river which she was so fond of drawing—shaded +from the glare of the sun by high trees—and amongst the +bright shrubs and flowers in which she had so much pleasure.</p> + +<p class="ind">Your Majesty will be glad, but not surprised, to know of the +deep respect which has been paid to her memory, not only by +the familiar members of the household and intimate friends, +who refused to let any hired hands perform the last offices, but +by the Civil and Military bodies, and by the community at +large. The coffin was conveyed to Barrackpore by the +Artillery, and was borne through the Garden by English +soldiers.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning feels sure that your Majesty will not consider +these details as an intrusion. He feels sure of your Majesty's +kind sympathy. She loved your Majesty dearly, and Lord +Canning is certain that he is doing what would have been her +wish in thus venturing to write to your Majesty. In the last +connected conversation which he had with her, just before the +illness became really threatening, she said that she must write +again to the Queen, "for I don't want her to think that it was +out of laziness that I was not at Allahabad." The fact is, that +she had always intended to be present at the Investiture, and +had made all her arrangements to go from Darjeeling to Allahabad +for the purpose; but Lord Canning, hearing of the bad +state of the roads, owing to the heavy and unseasonable rains, +and knowing how fatiguing an additional journey of nearly +900 miles would be, had entreated her to abandon the intention, +and to stay longer in the Hills, and then go straight to Calcutta. +Whether all might have gone differently if the first +plan had been held to, God alone knows. His will has been +done.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;"><a id="footnoteXXX65" name="footnoteXXX65"></a><a class="footnote" href="#footnotetagXXX65">Footnote 65:</a> Received on the 22nd of December, or thereabouts. +</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.476" id="pageiii.476"></a>[page 476]</span> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">A NOBLE RESOLVE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>24th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><span class="sc">My beloved Uncle</span>,—Though, please God! I am to see you +so soon, I must write these few lines to prepare you for the +trying, sad existence you will find it with your poor forlorn, +desolate child—who drags on a weary, pleasureless existence! +I am also anxious to repeat <i>one</i> thing, and <i>that one</i> is <i>my +firm</i> +resolve, my <i>irrevocable decision</i>, viz. that <i>his</i> wishes—<i>his</i> +plans—about +everything, <i>his</i> views about <i>every</i> thing are to be <i>my +law!</i> And <i>no human power</i> will make me swerve from <i>what +he</i> decided and wished—and I look to <i>you</i> to <i>support</i> and +<i>help</i> +me in this. I apply this particularly as regards our children—Bertie, +etc.—for whose future he had traced everything <i>so</i> +carefully. I am <i>also determined</i> that <i>no one</i> person, may <i>he</i> +be ever so good, ever so devoted among my servants—is to +lead or guide or dictate <i>to me</i>. I know <i>how he</i> would disapprove +it. And I live <i>on</i> with him, for him; in fact <i>I</i> am +only <i>outwardly</i> separated from him, and <i>only</i> for <i>a time</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind"><i>No one</i> can tell you more of my feelings, and can put you +more in possession of many touching facts than our excellent +Dr Jenner, who has been and is my great comfort, and whom +I would <i>entreat</i> you to <i>see and hear</i> before you see <i>any one +else</i>. +Pray do this, for <i>I fear much</i> others trying to see you first and +say things and wish for things which I <i>should not</i> consent to.</p> + +<p class="ind">Though miserably weak and utterly shattered, my spirit +rises when I think <i>any</i> wish or plan of his is to be touched or +changed, or I am to be <i>made to do</i> anything. I know you will +help me in my utter darkness. It is but for a short time, +and <i>then</i> I go—<i>never, never</i> to part! Oh! that blessed, blessed +thought! He seems so <i>near</i> to <i>me</i>, so <i>quite my own</i> now, my +precious darling! God bless and preserve you. Ever your +wretched but devoted Child,</p> + +<p class="author"><span class="sc">Victoria R.</span></p> + +<p class="ind">What a Xmas! I won't think of it.</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">BUSINESS STILL TRANSACTED</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Piccadilly</span>, <i>30th December 1861</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your +Majesty, and has read with deep emotion your Majesty's +letter of the 26th, every word of which went straight to the +heart. Viscount Palmerston would, however, humbly express +a hope that the intensity of your Majesty's grief may not lead +your Majesty to neglect your health, the preservation of which +is so important for the welfare of your Majesty's children, and +for that of your Majesty's devotedly attached and affectionate +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.477" id="pageiii.477"></a>[page 477]</span> +subjects; and which is so essentially necessary to enable your +Majesty to perform those duties which it will be the object of +your Majesty's life to fulfil.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Granville has communicated to Viscount Palmerston +your Majesty's wish that Mr Dilke<sup>66</sup> should be made a Baronet, +and that Mr Bowring<sup>67</sup> should be made a Companion of the +Bath, and both of these things will be done accordingly. But +there are three other persons whose names Viscount Palmerston +has for some time wished to submit to your Majesty for +the dignity of Baronet, and if your Majesty should be graciously +pleased to approve of them, the list would stand as follows:</p> + +<blockquote> +<p><span class="outdent">Mr Dilke.</span></p> + +<p><span class="outdent">Mr William Brown</span>,<sup>68</sup> of Liverpool, a very wealthy and + distinguished merchant, who lately made a magnificent + present of a public library to his fellow-citizens.</p> + +<p><span class="outdent">Mr Thomas Davies Lloyd</span>, a rich and highly respectable + gentleman of the county of Carnarvon.</p> + +<p><span class="outdent">Mr Rich</span>, to whom the Government is under great obligation, + for having of his own accord and without any condition + vacated last year his seat for Richmond in Yorkshire, + and having thus enabled the Government to obtain the + valuable services of Mr Roundell Palmer as your Majesty's + Solicitor-General.</p> +</blockquote> + +<p class="ind">Viscount Palmerston has put into this box some private +letters which Lord Russell thinks your Majesty might perhaps +like to look at.</p> + + +<p class="note1" style="margin-top: 3em;">Footnote 66: Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke was on the Executive Committee of the Exhibition of +1851, and on the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1862. He died in 1869.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 67: Mr Edgar Bowring's Companionship was conferred on him for services in connection +with the earlier Exhibition. He was afterwards M.P. for Exeter, 1868-1874.</p> + +<p class="note1">Footnote 68: Mr Brown became a baronet in 1863. +</p> + + +<h5 style="margin-top: 3em;"><i>Queen Victoria to Earl Canning.</i></h5> + +<span class="rightnote">COMFORT AND HOPE</span> + +<p class="indright"><span class="sc">Osborne</span>, <i>10th January 1862</i>.</p> + +<p class="ind">Lord Canning little thought when he wrote his kind and +touching letter of the 22nd November, that it would only reach +the Queen when <i>she</i> was <i>smitten</i> and <i>bowed</i> down to the earth +by an event similar to the one which he describes—and, strange +to say, by a disease greatly analogous to the one which took +from him <i>all</i> that he loved best. In the case of her adored, +precious, perfect, and great husband, her dear lord and master, +to whom this Nation owed more than it ever can truly know, +however, the fever went on most favourably till the day +previous to the awful calamity, and then it was congestion of +the lungs and want of strength of circulation (the beloved +Prince had always a weak and feeble pulse), which at the critical +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.478" id="pageiii.478"></a>[page 478]</span> +moment, indeed only two hours before God took him, caused +this awful result. To lose one's partner in life is, as Lord +Canning knows, like losing <i>half</i> of one's <i>body</i> and <i>soul</i>, +torn +forcibly away—and dear Lady Canning was such a dear, +worthy, devoted wife! But to the Queen—to a poor helpless +woman—it is not that only—it is the stay, support and comfort +which is lost! To the Queen it is like <i>death</i> in life! Great +and small—<i>nothing</i> was done without his loving advice and +help—and she feels <i>alone</i> in the wide world, with many helpless +children (except the Princess Royal) to look to her—and the +whole nation to look to her—<i>now</i> when she can barely struggle +with her wretched existence! Her misery—her utter despair—she +<i>cannot</i> describe! Her <i>only</i> support—the <i>only</i> ray of +comfort she gets for <i>a moment</i>, is in the <i>firm conviction</i> and +certainty of his nearness, his undying love, and of their eternal +reunion! Only she prays always, and pines for the latter with +an anxiety she cannot describe. Like dear Lady Canning, +the Queen's darling is to rest in a garden—at Frogmore, in +a Mausoleum the Queen is going to build for him and herself.</p> + +<p class="ind">Though ill, the Queen was able to tell her precious angel of +Lord Canning's bereavement, and he was deeply grieved, +recurring to it several times, and saying, "What a loss! She +was such a distinguished person!"</p> + +<p class="ind">May God comfort and support Lord Canning, and may he +think in his sorrow of his widowed and broken-hearted Sovereign—bowed +to the earth with the greatest of human sufferings +and misfortunes! She lived but <i>for</i> her husband!</p> + +<p class="ind">The sympathy of the many thousands of her subjects, but +above all their sorrow and their admiration for him, are soothing +to her bleeding, pierced heart!</p> + +<p class="ind">The Queen's precious husband, though wandering occasionally, +was conscious till nearly the last, and knew her and kissed +her an hour before his pure spirit fled to its worthy and fit +eternal Home!</p> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="pageiii.479" id="pageiii.479"></a>[page 479]</span> + +<br /><br /> + +<hr /> + +<h2>INDEX.</h2> + +<p class="center"><i>(The page references in italics refer to Introductory Notes or footnotes.)</i></p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#A">A</a> | <a href="#B">B</a> | <a href="#C">C</a> | <a href="#D">D</a> | +<a href="#E">E</a> | <a href="#F">F</a> | <a href="#G">G</a> | <a href="#H">H</a> | +<a href="#Im">I</a> | <a href="#J">J</a> | <a href="#K">K</a> | <a href="#L">L</a> | +<a href="#M">M</a> | <a href="#N">N</a> | <a href="#O">O</a> | <a href="#P">P</a> | +<a href="#Q">Q</a> |<a href="#R">R</a> | <a href="#S">S</a> | <a href="#T">T</a> | +<a href="#U">U</a> |<a href="#Va">V</a> | <a href="#W">W</a> | <a href="#Y">Y</a> | +<a href="#Z">Z</a> |<br /><br /></p> + +<a name="A" id="A"></a> +<ul class="none"> + + +<li>Abd-el-Kader, i, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.146">146</a></li> + +<li>Abercorn, Marchioness of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + +<li>Abercrombie, Dr, physician, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Abercromby, James, <i>see</i> Dunfermline, Lord</li> + +<li>Abercromby, Sir Ralph, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111">111</a></li> + +<li>Aberdeen, Earl of, Foreign Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>political power and views, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.29"><i>29</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>Palmerston's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>Emperor Nicholas, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.105">105</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.101">101</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.102">102</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>takes leave of the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>;</li> +<li>mentioned, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.291">291</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.293">293</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.294">294</a>;</li> +<li>failure to form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.296">296</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.298">298</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.299">299</a>;</li> +<li>mentioned, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>forms a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>-429;</li> +<li>Lord Derby's attack on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.418">418</a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's approval of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.430">430</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a>-451, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452">452</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.455"><i>455</i></a>-472;</li> +<li>India Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>as to giving up office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>;</li> +<li>on Lord Palmerston's resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.467">467</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>anomalous position of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.3">3</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.4">4</a>;</li> +<li>Orleans family, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>declaration of war with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.13"><i>13</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19"><i>19</i></a>;</li> +<li>unsatisfactory speech, iii, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's possible resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.57">57</a>-60;</li> +<li>Queen's confidence in, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>Knight of the Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.67">67</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.71">71</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>;</li> +<li>Government's resignation on result of Roebuck's motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.77">77</a>-80;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.88"><i>88</i></a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>-104;</li> +<li>mentoned, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>on Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.286">286</a>;</li> +<li>and W. E. Gladstone, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349"><i>349</i></a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453"><i>453</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>About, Edmond, French writer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a></li> + +<li>Accession, Queen Victoria's reminiscences of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.75">75</a></li> + +<li>Achmet Bey, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57">57</a></li> + +<li>Adams, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467">467</a></li> + +<li>Adélaïde, Madame, King Louis Philippe's sister, +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.143">143</a>-147;</li> +<li>will, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Adelaide, Queen (wife of William IV.), parentage and marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.23">23</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.24">24</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>interests in life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>letter on Queen's accession, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>on Queen's coronation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.120">120</a>;</li> +<li>Protestant Church at Valetta, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.138">138</a>;</li> +<li>letters, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.371">371</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.399">399</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a>;</li> +<li>visits a convent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a>;</li> +<li>letter, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.464">464</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.230">230</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Adelaide, Princess, of Hohenlohe, question of marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.409">409</a></li> + +<li>Adélaïde, Queen Marie, of Sardinia, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a></li> + +<li>Adolphus, John, <i>History of England</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.453">453</a></li> + +<li>Adrianople, Treaty of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.229">229</a></li> + +<li>Adriatic, reported demonstration in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a></li> + +<li>Æmilia, The, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li> + +<li>Afghanistan, Dost Mahommed dethroned, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>surrender, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>insurrection, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>;</li> +<li>disasters retrieved, proclamation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>;</li> +<li>troubles, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.373">373</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.382">382</a>;</li> +<li>Fall of Cabul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.385">385</a>;</li> +<li>successful issue, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>medals, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>operations against Afghans, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Africa, South, The Transvaal and Orange Free States, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a></li> + +<li>Agriculture, motion on distress of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>-<i>286</i>; +<ul class="index1"><li>protection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>; <i>see</i> Corn Laws</li></ul></li> + +<li>Airey, Sir Richard, Quartermaster-General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Ak Mussid, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.45">45</a></li> + +<li>Akbar Khan (son of Dost Mahommed), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442">442</a></li> + +<li>Aland Islands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a></li> + +<li>Alava, Miguel Ricardo di, Spanish General, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a></li> + +<li>Alba, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435"><i>435</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Duchess of, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.415"><i>415</i></a></li> + +<li>Albemarle, sixth Earl of, Master of the Horse, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.81">81</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.219">219</a></li> + +<li>Albert, Archduke, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a></li> + +<li>—— Edward, <i>see</i> Wales, Prince of</li> + +<li>—— Prince, <i>see</i> Consort, Prince</li> + +<li>Albertine branch of House of Saxe-Coburg, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.2">2</a></li> + +<li>Aldershot, review of Crimean troops, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.198"><i>198</i></a></li> + +<li>Alexander, Grand Duke (afterwards Czar Alexander II.), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.112"><i>112</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.172">172</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>crowned at Moscow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>;</li> +<li>his character, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.204">204</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Alexandria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a></li> + +<li>Alford, Dean of Canterbury, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a></li> + +<li>Alfred, Prince, birth, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20"><i>20</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>mentioned, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.399">399</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Cape, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.410"><i>410</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.413">413;</a></li> +<li>visit to Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="page480" id="page480"></a>[page 480]</span></li> + +<li>joins the <i>Euryalus</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.433"><i>433</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Algiers, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a></li> + +<li>Ali, Mehemet, Pasha of Egypt, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182"><i>182</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.190">190</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ultimatum, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>-240;</li> +<li>resigns claim to Syria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.252"><i>252</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Alibaud, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Alice, Princess, birth and christening, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>birthday, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a>;</li> +<li>engagement to Prince Louis of Hesse, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a>-419;</li> +<li>Prince Consort's death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.474">474</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Allahabad, mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a></li> + +<li>Allen, Mr, librarian, Holland House, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.359">359</a></li> + +<li>Allt-na-Giuthasach, Shiel of, Queen's visits to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.322">322</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a></li> + +<li>Alma, victory of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.49">49</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.252"><i>252</i></a></li> + +<li>Amritsar, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Anarchists, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a></li> + +<li>Anglesey, Marquess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.388">388</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a></li> + +<li>Annual Summary of Events, 1821-1835, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.27"><i>27</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>1836, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>;</li> +<li>1837, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>;</li> +<li>1838, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>;</li> +<li>1839, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>1840, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>1841, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>;</li> +<li>1842, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>;</li> +<li>1843, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>;</li> +<li>1844, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>1845, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>1846, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>1847, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>1848, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>1849, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>;</li> +<li>1850, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>1851, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li>1852, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>;</li> +<li>1853, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>1854, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>1856, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>;</li> +<li>1857, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>;</li> +<li>1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>1859, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>1860, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>1861, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Anson, George, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.199">199</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Private Secretary to Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201"><i>201</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.206">206</a>;</li> +<li>interviews with Baron Stockmar, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.224">224</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.330">330</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.331">331</a>;</li> +<li>interviews with Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.224">224</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.256">256</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.268">268</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.269">269</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.296">296</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.297">297</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.303">303</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.304">304</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.311">311</a>;</li> +<li>interviews with Sir Robert Peel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.271">271</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.273">273</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.284">284</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.311">311</a>-312;</li> +<li>memoranda by, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.295">295</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.298">298</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.322">322</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.337">337</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.338">338</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.368">368</a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a>;</li> +<li> mentioned, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.36">36</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.46">46</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.67">67</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir George, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201">201</a></li> + +<li>Antonelli, Cardinal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.311">311</a></li> + +<li>Antwerp, Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45"><i>45</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.68">68</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Apponyi, Count, Austrian Ambassador, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.237">237</a></li> + +<li>Apprenticeship in Jamaica, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a></li> + +<li>Aquila, Comte d', ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32"><i>32</i></a></li> + +<li>Arbuthnot, Colonel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.314">314</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.398">398</a></li> + +<li>Ardenne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a></li> + +<li>Argyll, eighth Duke of, Lord Privy Seal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>;</li> +<li>Privy Seal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Privy Seal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.348">348</a>;</li> +<li>Abolition of Paper Duty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.403">403</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Argyll, Duchess of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li> + +<li>"Aristocratic," meaning of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.107">107</a></li> + +<li>Army (<i>see</i> Militia), estimates i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>civil government of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a>;</li> +<li>bravery of troops, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>victory, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>Peninsular medals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>-113;</li> +<li>officers' commissions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>in India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212">212</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Consort, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365">365</a>;</li> +<li>military appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>national defences, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>-398;</li> +<li>Queen on augmentation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>;</li> +<li>embarkation for the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.14">14</a>;</li> +<li>reserve to be sent out, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>;</li> +<li>Bomarsund, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a>;</li> +<li>battle of the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>Indian contingents, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Enlistment Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.58"><i>58</i></a>;</li> +<li>fall of Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>;</li> +<li>privations of the Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.68">68</a>-70;</li> +<li>New Board, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.71">71</a>;</li> +<li>laxity of discipline, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a>;</li> +<li>land transport, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.157">157</a>;</li> +<li>retrenchments, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>peace establishment, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>review of Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.198"><i>198</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.199">199</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>military education, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.218">218</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a>;</li> +<li>Militia embodied, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.241">241</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's view on need of increasing, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.245">245</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.257">257</a>;</li> +<li>vote of thanks to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>question of control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.293">293</a>;</li> +<li>indivisibility of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.319">319</a>;</li> +<li>Committee on Military Departments, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.351">351</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Arnold, Dr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a></li> + +<li><i>Arrow</i>, Chinese dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.228"><i>228</i></a></li> + +<li>Arthur, Prince (afterwards Duke of Connaught), christening, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>birthday, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.121">121</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189;</a></li> +<li>mentioned, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.317">317</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.395">395</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.137">137</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.436">436</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ascot, Queen's visit to the races, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.13">13</a></li> + +<li>Ashburton, Baron, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.368">368</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.462">462</a></li> + +<li>Ashley, Lord, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.165">165</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Labour Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>;</li> +<li>Factory Labour Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1">1</a>;</li> +<li>Duchy of Lancaster, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.290">290</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Asis, Don Francisco de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a></li> + +<li>Aston, Mr (Diplomatic Service), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.329">329</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.495">495</a></li> + +<li>Athens, revolution at, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.494">494</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a></li> + +<li>Atherton, Sir William, Attorney-General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467"><i>467</i></a></li> + +<li>Athole, Duchess of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li> + +<li>Attock, fort of, captured, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li> + +<li>Attwood, Thomas, Birmingham Political Union, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.69">69</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.425">425</a></li> + +<li>Auchterarder, Church case, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448"><i>448</i></a></li> + +<li>Auckland, Baron (afterwards Earl of), Governor-General of India, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>policy in Afghanistan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.266">266</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.373">373</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383;</a> +<ul class="index2"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> + +<li>Audley, Baron, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.124">124</a></li> + +<li>Augusta, of Cambridge, Princess, afterwards Grand Duchess-Dowager of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.434">434</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.440">440</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Princess, of Saxony, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92">92</a></li> + +<li>—— Princess, daughter of George III., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.228">228</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.230">230</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Augustus, Prince, of Saxe-Coburg, <i>see</i> Saxe-Coburg<span class="pagenum"><a name="page481" id="page481"></a>[page 481]</span></li> + + +<li>Augustus, Prince Ernest, afterwards Duke of Cumberland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.456"><i>456</i></a></li> + +<li>Aulaire, Ste., Ambassador, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.321">321</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.508">508</a></li> + +<li>Aumale, Duc d', i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.95">95</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.493">493</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.502">502</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.153">153</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>gallantry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>-<i>193</i>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.337">337</a>;</li> +<li>visit to New Lodge, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.386">386</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Australasian colonies, self-government of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>Australia, emigration to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>wine from, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.41">41</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Austria, Empress Elizabeth of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.414">414</a></li> + +<li>—— Emperor of (Francis Joseph), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.318">318</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>attempted assassination of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440"><i>440</i></a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letter to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.322">322</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.323">323</a>;</li> +<li>reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.325">325</a>;</li> +<li>proposed meeting with the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.408">408</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and the Porte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.191">191</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>abdication of Emperor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>Pope declares war against, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>ascendency in Lombardy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>and Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>war with the Piedmontese, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.198">198</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>declines mediation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>;</li> +<li>ascendency in N. Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>;</li> +<li>and Prussia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.276">276</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">379</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a>;</li> +<li>and Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>-444, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.451">451</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>;</li> +<li>alliance with Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.25">25</a>;</li> +<li>proposed alliance with England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.49"><i>49</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51">51</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>men required, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>negotiations broken off, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>and the Four Points, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.165">165</a>;</li> +<li>and France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a>;</li> +<li>and Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Sardinia and defeat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the Papal States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313">313</a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.325"><i>325</i></a>-334;</li> +<li>troops cross the Ticino, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.327"><i>327</i></a>;</li> +<li>French victories, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.352"><i>352</i></a>;</li> +<li>conclusion and terms of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.354"><i>354</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.360"><i>360</i></a>;</li> +<li>Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ayrton, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Azeglio, Count, Premier of Sardinia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>; iii. +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.368">368</a></li> + +</ul> + <a name="B" id="B"></a> + <ul class="none"> +<li>Baden, crisis at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a></li> + +<li>—— Princess Mary of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.470">470</a></li> + +<li>Bagot, Sir Charles, Governor-General of Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.323">323</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a></li> + +<li>Baines, Matthew Talbot, Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116"><i>116</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Conspiracy Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Bala Rao, Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.351"><i>351</i></a></li> + +<li>Balaklava, successes at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>hurricane and loss of life at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56">56</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ballard, Lieutenant, siege of Silistria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Ballot, the, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.335">335</a></li> + +<li>Balmoral Castle, Queen's description of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.194">194</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.323">323;</a> +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's first occupation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141"><i>141</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Baltic, English, expedition to the, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16">16</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a></li> + +<li>Bandeira, Sà da, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55"><i>55</i></a></li> + +<li>Bands, on Sundays, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.194">194</a></li> + +<li>Bank Charter Act, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>infringement of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>suspension of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Barbès, Armand, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179"><i>179</i></a></li> + +<li>Barclay & Perkins' brewery, attack on General Haynau, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269"><i>269</i></a></li> + +<li>Barham, Lady (afterwards Countess of Gainsborough), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.124">124</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.318">318</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a></li> + +<li>Baring, F. (afterwards Lord Northbrook), Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.264">264</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.314">314</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.60">60</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.312">312</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.347">347</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>capture of Lagos, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365">365</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a>;</li> +<li>Board of Works, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.91">91</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Thomas, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Indian Mutiny debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.294">294</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Barkly, Sir H., Governor of Victoria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a></li> + +<li>Barnard, General, death at Delhi, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.243">243</a></li> + +<li>Barrackpore, funeral of Lady Canning, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.475">475</a></li> + +<li>Barrot, Odilon, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.248">248</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149">149</a></li> + +<li>Barrow, Sir John, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a></li> + +<li>Barry, Sir Charles, knighted, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a></li> + +<li>Bastide, M., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.187">187</a></li> + +<li>Baudrand, General Comte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a></li> + +<li>Bayley, Rev. Emilius, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a></li> + +<li>Bean, attempt on the Queen's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Beas, River, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Beatrice, Princess (afterwards Princess Henry of Battenberg), birth and christening, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a></li> + +<li>Beauclerk, Lord Amelius, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.108">108</a></li> + +<li>Beaufort, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a></li> + +<li>Beauharnais, Eugène de, Duke of Leuchtenberg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.354">354</a></li> + +<li>Beauvale, Lord (afterwards second Viscount Melbourne), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.191">191</a>; +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.418">418</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.165">165</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.436">436</a></li> + +<li>Beche, Sir Henry T. de la, geologist, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.315">315</a></li> + +<li>Bedford, seventh Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.296">296</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.257">257</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>opinion of Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of Endsleigh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Begum, the ex-Queen of Oudh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.351">351</a></li> + +<li>Belgians, King of, <i>see</i> Leopold</li> + +<li>—— Queen of, <i>see</i> Louise</li> + +<li>Belgium, dispute with Holland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.119">119</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.146">146</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>independence of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's views on, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.153">153</a>;</li> +<li>and England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.151">151</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>and Germany, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.379">379</a>;</li> +<li>and Emperor of Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.15">15</a>;</li> +<li>abortive insurrection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172"><i>172</i></a>;</li> +<li>neutrality of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.171">171</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Belsham, William, <i>History of Great Britain</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.467">467</a></li> + +<li>Bengal Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page482" id="page482"></a>[page 482]</span>Bentinck, Lord George, attack on Sir R. Peel, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>sudden death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Major-General Sir Henry, K.C.B., wounded at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>interview with the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56">56</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.60">60</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Beresford, Lord John George de la Poer, Archbishop of Armagh, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224"><i>224</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Major, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li> + +<li>—— Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a></li> + +<li>Berkeley, Admiral, M.P., Gloucester, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li> + +<li>Bernadotte, Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Bernard, Dr, trial of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a></li> + +<li>Bessarabia, cession of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152"><i>152</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Bessborough, Earl of, <i>see</i> Duncannon</li> + +<li>Bethell, Sir Richard (afterwards Lord Westbury), Attorney-General, Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232"><i>232</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.267"><i>267</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord Chancellor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.442">442</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Beust, Baron, Minister in Saxony, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151"><i>151</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.171">171</a></li> + +<li>Beverloo Camp, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.41">41</a></li> + +<li>Beyens, Baron, Secretary of Legation at Madrid, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.436">436</a></li> + +<li>Beyrout, bombardment of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.238">238</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a></li> + +<li>Bickersteth, Robert, afterwards Bishop of Ripon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Bilbao, battle at, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a></li> + +<li>Birch, Mr, formerly tutor to Prince of Wales, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Birmingham, Chartist riots, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>political condition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.506">506</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Births, registration of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a></li> + +<li>Bishops, seats in House of Lords, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Dr Hampden, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.139">139</a>;</li> +<li>appointments of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.417">417</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Black Sea, Russia's Fleet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>neutralisation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152"><i>152</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>;</li> +<li>England sends fleet to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Blagden, Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a></li> + +<li>Blanc, Louis, <i>organisation du travail</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a></li> + +<li>Bloemfontein, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200"><i>200</i></a></li> + +<li>Blomfield, C. J., <i>see</i> London, Bishop of</li> + +<li>Bloomfield, Baron, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Minister at Berlin, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.253">253</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Boers, defeat of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200"><i>200</i></a></li> + +<li>Bois-le-Comte, Mons., French Minister at Madrid, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a></li> + +<li>Bolgrad, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Bomarsund, capture of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Bonaparte, <i>see</i> Napoleon</li> + +<li>Bordeaux, Duc de (afterwards Comte de Chambord), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.495">495</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.498">498</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.499">499</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.506">506</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.508">508</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to London, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.510">510</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.177">177</a>;</li> +<li>rumoured visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>and the King of the Belgians, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Borthwick, Peter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.34"><i>34</i></a></li> + +<li>Bourquency, Mons. de, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a></li> + +<li>Bouverie, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131">131</a></li> + +<li>Bowring, Edgar, C.B., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">477</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir John, British Plenipotentiary, Hong-Kong, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.227"><i>227</i></a></li> + +<li>Bowyer, Sir George, M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.445">445</a></li> + +<li>Brabant, Duchess Marie Henriette de (afterwards Queen of the Belgians), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a></li> + +<li>—— Dukes of, <i>see</i> Leopold</li> + +<li>Bracebridge, Mr and Mrs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.62"><i>62</i></a></li> + +<li>Braganza, Duchess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.51">51</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.178">178</a></li> + +<li>Breadalbane, Marquess of, i <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Chamberlain, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.425">425</a>;</li> +<li>review at Edinburgh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Marchioness of, Lady of the Bedchamber, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.143">143</a></li> + +<li>Brescia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269">269</a></li> + +<li>Bresson, Count, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.98">98</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a></li> + +<li>—— M., aids King Louis Philippe's escape, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a></li> + +<li>Bribery at elections, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90">90</a></li> + +<li>Bridgewater, eighth Earl of, treatises, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.349"><i>349</i></a></li> + +<li>Bright, John, on war with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>appeal for ending the war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>loses his seat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.280"><i>280</i></a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290"><i>290</i>;</a></li> +<li>Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>;</li> +<li>proposed honour, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>England and Savoy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.394"><i>394</i></a>;</li> +<li>privilege resolutions, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>and Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Brighton, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.140">140</a></li> + +<li>British Columbia, name given, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a></li> + +<li>Broadfoot, Major, political agent, India, death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Broadstairs, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a></li> + +<li>Brock, Mrs, Queen's nurse, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a></li> + +<li>Brocket Hall, Lord Melbourne's house, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.150">150</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Broglie, Duc de, ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37"><i>37</i></a></li> + +<li>Brougham, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>on Canadian difficulties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.128">128;</a></li> +<li>advice against dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.293">293</a>;</li> +<li>right of audience, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.344">344</a>;</li> +<li>as a protectionist, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Brown, Sir George, wounded at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.129">129</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir William, Baronet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477"><i>477</i></a></li> + +<li>Bruce, Commodore, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a></li> + +<li>—— Colonel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Augusta, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.434">434</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.451">451</a></li> + +<li>Brunnow, M. de, Russian Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.250">250</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.442">442</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.456">456</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.176">176</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>Brunswick, House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a></li> + +<li>Brussels, Russian Minister to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a></li> + +<li>Brydon, Dr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a></li> + +<li>Buccleuch, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.63">63</a>-65</li> + +<li>—— Duchess of, Mistress of the Robes, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page483" id="page483"></a>[page 483]</span>Buchanan, Mr, afterwards Sir Andrew, Secretary of Legation at St Petersburg, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr (afterwards President), American Minister to Great Britain, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.105">105</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>receives the Prince of Wales, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.405"><i>405</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Buckingham, second Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278">278</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Privy Seal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>; i. +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.386">386</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.33">33</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Palace, proposed alterations, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.33">33</a></li> + +<li>Buckland, Dr, Irish Commissioner, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a></li> + +<li>Buenos Ayres, blockade by British Fleet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133"><i>133</i></a></li> + +<li>Bull Run, battle of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a></li> + +<li>Buller, Charles, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.425">425</a></li> + +<li>Bulwer, Sir Henry (afterwards Lord Dalling), Minister at Madrid, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.238">238</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>; +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133">133</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.136">136</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>recall, and Queen's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.175">175</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179">179</a>;</li> +<li>at Rome, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365"><i>365</i></a>;</li> +<li>declines governorship of Victoria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.191"><i>191</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lytton, Sir Edward (afterwards Lord Lytton), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.350">350</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>motion of censure on Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131">131</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.132">132</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.292">292</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Bunsen, Chevalier, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.139">139</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182">182</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>recall of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.31">31</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Buol, Count, Austrian Prime Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66">66</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.121"><i>121</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131"><i>131,</i></a> +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.176">176</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.328"><i>328</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.329">329</a></li> + +<li>"Bureaucratic," Palmerston's definition of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.107">107</a></li> + +<li>Burghersh, Francis Lord (afterwards Earl of Westmorland), A.D.C. to Lord Raglan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a></li> + +<li>Burgoyne, Sir John, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a></li> + +<li>Burnes, Captain (afterwards Sir Alexander), mission to Cabul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>murdered, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Burnet, Bishop, History of his own Time, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a></li> + +<li>Burney, Miss (Madame D'Arblay), diary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.406">406</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.467">467</a></li> + +<li>Bury, Lord, Straits Settlements, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a></li> + +<li>Bushey Park, residence of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.33">33</a></li> + +<li>Bushire, capture of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a></li> + +<li>Bussahir, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.360">360</a></li> + +<li>Butler, Captain, siege of Silistria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Buxted, residence of Lord Liverpool, Queen visits, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a></li> + +<li>Buxton, Charles, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li> + +<li>Bygrave, Captain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442">442</a></li> + +<li>Byng, Sir John, <i>see</i> Strafford, Earl of</li> + +<li>—— George, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.60">60</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.467">467</a></li> + +<li>Byron, Lady, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + +<li>—— seventh Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.307">307</a></li> + </ul> + + <a name="C" id="C"></a> + <ul class="none"> +<li>Cabrals, the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.135">135</a></li> + +<li>Cabul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>fall of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.385">385</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442">442</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cadiz, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a></li> + +<li>Cadogan, Honoria, Countess, died September 12, 1845, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li><i>Cagliari</i>, seizure of the, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.274">274</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.275"><i>275</i></a></li> + +<li>Cairns, Sir Hugh, Solicitor-General, Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290"><i>290</i></a></li> + +<li>Camarilla, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.58">58</a></li> + +<li>Cambridge, first Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>political views, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a>;</li> +<li>Regent of Hanover, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.207">207</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.208">208</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.245">245</a>;</li> +<li>daughter's marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.434">434</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.440">440</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.475">475</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.476">476</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.247"><i>247</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cambridge, Prince George of (afterwards second Duke of Cambridge), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.212">212</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>Earldom of Tipperary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.245">245</a>-247;</li> +<li>Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a>;</li> +<li>Ranger of the Parks, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>in Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.14">14</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>-26;</li> +<li>writes from Constantinople, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.27">27</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.28">28</a>;</li> +<li>illness and return from the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.70">70</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>;</li> +<li>council of war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160"><i>160</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.167">167</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.199">199</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of Princess Mary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206">206</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.209">209</a>;</li> +<li>Army control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.293">293</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cambridge, Duchess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.494">494</a></li> + +<li>—— Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.496">496</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.503">503</a></li> + +<li>Campbell, Mr, M.P. for Weymouth, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Colin (afterwards Lord Clyde), Queen's high opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.155">155</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Commander-in-Chief, Indian Mutiny, relief of Lucknow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.250">250</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.259">259</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>Peerage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455">455</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lord, Bernard trial, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Chancellor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.348">348</a>;</li> +<li>reports of divorce cases, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.378">378</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Canada, friction in, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.103">103</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Durham, Governor-General, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.104">104</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.128">128</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.135">135</a>-137;</li> +<li>resignation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>union of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>dispute with United States, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Lord Metcalfe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.47">47</a>;</li> +<li>Government of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.94">94</a>;</li> +<li>Clergy Revenues Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>Nova Scotia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189</a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Governorships, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Ottawa selected as capital, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>;</li> +<li>British Columbia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a>;</li> +<li>United States claim to St Juan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.373">373</a>;</li> +<li>Prince of Wales's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>proposed increase in Army and Navy for, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.440">440</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Candahar, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Canning, Right Hon. G., speech on Queen's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.229">229</a></li> + +<li>—— Viscount (afterwards Earl), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.346">346</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Post Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>not in the Cabinet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>Post Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>Governor-General of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.128">128</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.178">178</a>;</li> +<li>arrival in India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.179">179</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a>-238;</li> +<li>his clemency, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.249">249</a>-252;</li> +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page484" id="page484"></a>[page 484]</span>Oudh Proclamation, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281">281</a>-285, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.289">289</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.291">291</a>;</li> +<li>Viceroy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.304"><i>304</i></a>;</li> +<li>Earldom, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313"><i>313</i></a>;</li> +<li>Indian Army Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.318">318</a>;</li> +<li>termination of Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.350">350</a>;</li> +<li>Indian titles, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's pleasure at progress in India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>;</li> +<li>K.G., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's high opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453">453</a>;</li> +<li>death of his wife, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.475">475</a>;</li> +<li>touching letter from the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.478">478</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Viscountess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.397">397</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.474">474</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.478">478</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Stratford, <i>see</i> Stratford de Redcliffe</li> + +<li>Canrobert, Marshal, Commander of French army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Canterbury, Archbishop of (William Howley), report as to Queen's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.17">17</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55">55</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>announces to the Queen William IV.'s death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.75">75</a>;</li> +<li>attends Queen's first council, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>convocation address, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.299">299</a>;</li> +<li>(John Bird Sumner), Bishopric of Capetown, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a>;</li> +<li>on Sunday bands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.194"><i>194</i></a>;</li> +<li>(C. T. Longley), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a>;</li> +<li>national prayer and humiliation iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.247">247</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Viscount, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.230">230</a></li> + +<li>Canton, England's occupation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a></li> + +<li>Capetown, Bishopric of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Caradoc, Sir John Hobart, <i>see</i> Howden, Lord</li> + +<li>Carbonari Society, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a></li> + +<li>Cardigan, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.263">263</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.264">264</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.386">386</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.394">394</a>; iii. +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.67">67</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>censure on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cardwell, Mr (afterwards Viscount), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Secretary at War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>President of Board of Trade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>;</li> +<li>vote of censure withdrawn, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290">290</a>;</li> +<li>Chief Secretary for Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Carlisle, sixth Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.419">419</a></li> + +<li>—— seventh Earl (sometime Lord Morpeth), Chief Secretary for Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428">428</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.452">452</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Carlists, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a></li> + +<li>Carlos, Don, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.488">488</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>abdication, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Carlton House, residence of George IV., Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a></li> + +<li>Carmarthen Riots, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.484">484</a></li> + +<li>Carolina, South, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a></li> + +<li>Cartwright, Sir T., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.409">409</a></li> + +<li>Cashmere, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Castlerosse, Lord, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.291">291</a></li> + +<li>Cathcart, Earl, Governor-General of Canada, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.47"><i>47</i></a></li> + +<li>Cathcart, General Sir George, Kaffir War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52">52</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134">134</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cavaignac, General, French Minister for War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184"><i>184</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.207">207</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a></li> + +<li>Cavour, Count, Sardinian Premier, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.66"><i>66</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.156"><i>156</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.170">170</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>;</li> +<li>Papal States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cawdor, Earl, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.484">484</a></li> + +<li>Cawnpore, Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.238">238</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>massacre of the garrison, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.247"><i>247</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.248"><i>248</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cécile, Admiral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.213">213</a></li> + +<li>Chalmers, Dr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448"><i>448</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a></li> + +<li>Chambers, Dr William Frederick, consulting physician, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li> + +<li>Chambord, Comte de, <i>see</i> Bordeaux, Duc de</li> + +<li>Chandos, Lord (afterwards Duke), Secretary to the Treasury, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.423">423</a></li> + +<li>Chantrey, Sir Francis, sculptor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.313">313</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.333">333</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.337">337</a></li> + +<li>Chapman, Dr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Chapoo, captured by Sir Hugh Gough, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a></li> + +<li>Charier, Mdlle., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a></li> + +<li>Charlemont, Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.344">344</a></li> + +<li>Charles of Hesse, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>—— X., of France, character and death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a></li> + +<li>—— Archduke, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a></li> + +<li>—— Albert, King of Sardinia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.175">175</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Piedmontese war, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.187">187</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.198">198</a>;</li> +<li>defeat at Custozza, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a>;</li> +<li>at Novara, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>;</li> +<li>abdication in favour of his son, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Charleston, surrender of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a></li> + +<li>Charlotte, Princess (daughter of George IV.), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>character, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.39">39</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.40">40</a>;</li> +<li>bust, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Princess of Prussia (afterwards Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen), birth of, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406"><i>406</i></a></li> + +<li>Charlotte, Princess of Belgium, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.185">185</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>illness, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.255"><i>255</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.271">271</a>;</li> +<li>beauty of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.367">367</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207">207</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.211">211</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.241"><i>241</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Chartists, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>riots, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.134">134</a>;</li> +<li>demonstration, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>fiasco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Chartres, Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.266">266</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.414">414</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453">453</a></li> + +<li>Chateaubriand, Vicomte de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.508"><i>508</i></a></li> + +<li>Chatsworth, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a></li> + +<li>Chelmsford, Lord, Lord Chancellor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a></li> + +<li>Chelsea pensioners, arming of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a></li> + +<li>Cherbourg, Queen's visit to Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.295">295</a></li> + +<li>Chester, Dean of, <i>see</i> Davys</li> + +<li>Childers, Col., <i>Life of Right Hon. H.C.E. Childers</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.77"><i>77</i></a></li> + +<li>Chillianwalla, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Chimay, Prince de, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page485" id="page485"></a>[page 485]</span>China, opium trade dispute, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.219">219</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>operations in, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.261">261</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.337">337</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>war of 1857, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Tien-tsin, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>refusal to ratify treaty, march to Pekin, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Chiswick, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a></li> + +<li>Chobham camp, review at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a></li> + +<li>Cholera, epidemic of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228"><i>228</i></a></li> + +<li>Christian, Prince, of Glücksburg, afterwards King Christian IX. of Denmark, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358"><i>358</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Princess, <i>see</i> Helena, Princess</li> + +<li>Christina, Queen, Regent of Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.95">95</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>abdication, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.244">244</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.346">346</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.349">349</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.351">351</a>;</li> +<li>marriage question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.100">100</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Christino cause, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a></li> + +<li>Church of England, Queen's early knowledge of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.16">16</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>her relations to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.51">51</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>Parker Society, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.259">259</a>;</li> +<li>reform, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.282">282</a>;</li> +<li>difficulties at Oxford, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.373">373</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a>;</li> +<li>Low Church bigotry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>preferments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.121">121</a>;</li> +<li>Ritualists and Romanists, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.377">377</a>;</li> +<li>riots at Stockport, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a>;</li> +<li>in the Colonies, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— of Scotland crisis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.447">447</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a></li> + +<li>—— rates, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.323">323</a></li> + +<li>Churchill, Lady, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Chusan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a></li> + +<li>Chuttur Singh, surrender of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Cintra, Convention of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Cistercian <i>Trappists</i>, Queen Adelaide's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a></li> + +<li>Civil Service, competitive examinations for, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.9">9</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.11">11</a></li> + +<li>Clanricarde, Marquess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Privy Seal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266">266</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Marchioness of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.350">350</a></li> + +<li>Clanwilliam, Earl of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a></li> + +<li>Claremont, residence of King Leopold, Queen's reminiscences of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.18">18</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>regret at leaving, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21"><i>21</i></a>;</li> +<li>residence of King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.160">160</a>-162</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Col., Orsini trial, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.273">273</a></li> + +<li>Clarence, Duke of, <i>see</i> William IV.</li> + +<li>Clarendon, third Earl of, Chief Justice-in-Eyre, death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.143">143</a></li> + +<li>—— fourth Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.97">97</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Ambassador at Madrid, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Privy Seal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.60">60</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.236">236</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a>;</li> +<li>opinion on Lord Palmerston's removal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>;</li> +<li>refusal of Foreign Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.346">346</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.348"><i>348</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.423">423</a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.439">439</a>-444, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>-471;</li> +<li>Duke of Cambridge in Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.14">14</a>;</li> +<li>Russian loan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.35"><i>35</i></a>;</li> +<li>Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>;</li> +<li>Austrian alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.48">48</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a>;</li> +<li>the "Four Points," iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.82">82</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.88">88</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">92</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.94">94</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.96"><i>96</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.99"><i>99</i></a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>Emperor's proposal to take command at the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111"><i>111</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.111">111</a>;</li> +<li>Naples despatch, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a>-144;</li> +<li>Austrian ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.165">165</a>;</li> +<li>arranging terms of settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>-185;</li> +<li>conversation with French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175">175</a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Peace signed, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.183">183</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of his services, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.184">184</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>honours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.186">186</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Persigny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a>;</li> +<li>and Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.305">305</a>;</li> +<li>declines joining the new Cabinet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.346">346</a>;</li> +<li>St Juan dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.373">373</a>;</li> +<li>coronation of King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.428">428</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.429"><i>429</i></a>;</li> +<li>reception at the coronation of King and Queen of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a>-460;</li> +<li>interview with the French Empress, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.460">460</a>;</li> +<li>King of Prussia's views, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.465">465</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Clarendon's <i>History of the Rebellion</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><i>Private Memoirs</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Claridge's Hotel, Empress of the French stays at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.419">419</a></li> + +<li>Clark, Dr (afterwards Sir James), Physician to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130">130</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.202">202</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Bagshot Park, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.384">384</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Consort's illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.471">471</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Clémentine, Princess, of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Cleveland, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.386">386</a></li> + +<li>Clive, Lord, Life by Sir J. Malcolm, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55">55</a></li> + +<li>Close, Francis, Dean of Carlisle, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a></li> + +<li>Clyde, Lord, <i>see</i> Campbell, Sir Colin</li> + +<li>Cobden, Richard, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.300">300</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Corn Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.60">60</a>;</li> +<li>Peel's tribute to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>;</li> +<li>the Whigs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>;</li> +<li>Poor Law Commission, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a>;</li> +<li>question of marriage between Prince Frederick William of Prussia and the Princess Royal, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>;</li> +<li>on China War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>;</li> +<li>loss of seat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.263">263</a>;</li> +<li>refuses to join Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.348">348</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.350"><i>350</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a>;</li> +<li>Plenipotentiary for commercial treaty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>declines honours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.413">413</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.414"><i>414</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Coblentz, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a></li> + +<li>Coburg (<i>see</i> Saxe-Coburg), House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>influence on the Queen's politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>;</li> +<li>abuse of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.53">53</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44"><i>45</i></a></li> + +<li>Cochrane, Mr Baillie (afterwards Lord Lamington), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.445">445</a></li> + +<li>Cockburn, Sir George, Admiral of the Fleet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr (afterwards Sir Alexander), Don Pacifico debate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252"><i>252</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Chief Justice of Common Pleas, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.215">215</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Codrington, Major-General Sir William, wounded at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page486" id="page486"></a>[page 486]</span>commands the English army in the Crimea, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134">134</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.155"><i>155</i></a></li></ul></li> + + +<li>Colborne, Sir John (afterwards Lord Seaton), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>High Commissioner, Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>;</li> +<li>Field-Marshal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.129">129</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130"><i>130</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Colchester, Lord, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.230">230</a></li> + +<li>Coldstream Guards wounded from Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a></li> + +<li>Colenso, Rev. J. W., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a></li> + +<li>Coleridge, Mr, and Provostship of Eton, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Colloredo, Count, Austrian Ambassador, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.439">439</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a></li> + +<li>Colquhoun, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a></li> + +<li>Colvin, John Russell, Lieut.-Gov. of North-West Provinces, death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.251">251</a></li> + +<li>Combermere, Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Constable of the Tower, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>Field-Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146"><i>146</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Companies, Limited Liability, statute passed, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>Conroy, Sir J., comptroller to Duchess of Kent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a></li> + +<li>Conservatives in opposition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>dissensions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-430;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.266">266</a>;</li> +<li>possible dissolution, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.283">283</a>-292;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.341">341</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.362">362</a>;</li> +<li>overtures to Lord Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Consort, Prince (<i>see</i> Victoria, Queen), parentage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>influence of Baron Stockmar, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.26">26</a>;</li> +<li>his character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.28"><i>28</i></a>;</li> +<li>Princess of Hohenlohe's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's first impression of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>education of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.109">109</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.111">111</a>;</li> +<li>engagement to Queen Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>visits Italy, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's views, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.177">177</a>;</li> +<li>description of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.186">186</a>;</li> +<li>arrival at Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>religion, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>question of a peerage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.198">198</a>;</li> +<li>the Declaration, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.203">203</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>his Household, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.204">204</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.206">206</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.207">207</a>;</li> +<li>marriage with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>his grant, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.214">214</a>;</li> +<li>appointed Regent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>the Queen's confidential secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.28">28</a>;</li> +<li>name in Prayer Book, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.249">249</a>;</li> +<li>on changes at Court, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>visits Oxford, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291">291</a>;</li> +<li>his position on change of Government, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.304">304</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Melbourne's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.306">306</a>;</li> +<li>Fine Arts Commission, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.332">332</a>;</li> +<li>lays foundation stone of Royal Exchange, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>;</li> +<li>on duelling, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>;</li> +<li>domestic life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.464">464</a>;</li> +<li>to hold levées, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.470">470</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.471">471</a>;</li> +<li>reception at Birmingham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>;</li> +<li>his father's death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>;</li> +<li>Grand Cross of St Andrew, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>birthday, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20"><i>20</i></a>;</li> +<li>French King's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.25">25</a>;</li> +<li>title rumours, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>interest in Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a>;</li> +<li>attacks on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on change of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.61">61</a>;</li> +<li>council meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>Sir R. Peel and memo. of their conversation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>;</li> +<li>on new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>;</li> +<li>Sir R. Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.93">93</a>;</li> +<li>his self-denial, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.129">129</a>;</li> +<li>visits King Louis Philippe at Claremont, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.163">163</a>;</li> +<li>and the unemployed, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>visit to York, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184">184</a>;</li> +<li>visit with the Queen to Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a>;</li> +<li>opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228">228</a>;</li> +<li>Exhibition of 1851, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.316">316</a>-318;</li> +<li>memo. on Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>;</li> +<li>Mansion House speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239">239</a>;</li> +<li>memos. on formation of a new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.293">293</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.297">297</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.298">298</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.300">300</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.302">302</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.309">309</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.310">310</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.311">311</a>;</li> +<li>presides at Propagation of Gospel Meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.319"><i>319</i></a>;</li> +<li>on Lord Palmerston's successor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.345">345</a>-347;</li> +<li>his fondness for politics and business, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>;</li> +<li>and the Army, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365">365</a>;</li> +<li>on resignation of Lord John Russell, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.367">367</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.369">369</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.371">371</a>;</li> +<li>on change of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>;</li> +<li>command of Grenadier Guards and Rifle Brigade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>on new appointments on death of Duke of Wellington, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>on national defences, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>-400;</li> +<li>on Free Trade Debate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>on resignation of Lord Derby, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-413;</li> +<li>on new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.415">415</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Derby's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.426">426</a>;</li> +<li>on change of Ministry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a>;</li> +<li>birth of Prince Leopold (afterwards Duke of Albany), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>congratulates Mr Gladstone on his Budget speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.446">446</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.454">454</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.456">456</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on Lord Palmerston's resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.467">467</a>;</li> +<li>Press attacks on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.3">3</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.4"><i>4</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.8"><i>8</i></a>;</li> +<li>interview with Emperor Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>President of Patriotic Fund, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>;</li> +<li>memos. on Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.23">23</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>memo. of Government changes, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.33">33</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>visits French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.41"><i>41</i></a>-43;</li> +<li>memo. on Lord John Russell's possible resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.58">58</a>;</li> +<li>visits the French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i>;</a></li> +<li>memo. on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>;</li> +<li>memos. on inability of Lord Derby and Lord John Russell to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.83">83</a>-96;</li> +<li>memo. on Lord Palmerston's Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>asks Lord Aberdeen to join new Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>memo. of interview with Mr Gladstone, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>-109;</li> +<li>on Austria's proposal of Crimean settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.127"><i>127</i></a>;</li> +<li>visits France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>;</li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page487" id="page487"></a>[page 487]</span>appointment of Sir W. Codrington, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.155">155</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's memo. on his status, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>-194;</li> +<li>title of Prince Consort conferred, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.197">197</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.197"><i>197</i></a>;</li> +<li>French Emperor's feeling towards England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.233">233</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.263">263</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264;</a></li> +<li>memo. on resignation of the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266">266</a>-268;</li> +<li>Danish Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a>;</li> +<li>memo. on Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.284">284;</a></li> +<li>memo. on Lord Derby and dissolution, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.289">289</a>;</li> +<li>visit to French Emperor at Cherbourg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.295">295</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on Lord Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.300">300</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Stanley's position with the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a>-303;</li> +<li>tours of Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.411"><i>411</i></a>;</li> +<li>Princess Alice's engagement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.415">415</a>;</li> +<li>state visit to Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's despatch to America, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a>;</li> +<li>failure of health, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a>;</li> +<li>death of the Duchess of Kent, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>-439;</li> +<li>illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.470">470</a>;</li> +<li>draft despatch to United States, last written by, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a>;</li> +<li>slight rally, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.472">472</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Conspiracy and Assassination Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266"><i>266</i></a></li> + +<li>Constantin, expedition against, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>taken by France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Constantine of Russia, Grand Duchess, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.7">7</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>Constantinople, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Russian Fleet ordered to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452">452</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>Constitution de la Belgique</i>, newspaper, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55">55</a></li> + +<li>Constitution, the English, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a></li> + +<li><i>Constitutional</i> newspaper, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.53">53</a></li> + +<li>Conyngham, Lady Maria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a></li> + +<li>—— Marchioness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a></li> + +<li>—— Marquess, Lord Chamberlain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.75">75</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.84">84</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.110">110</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Cooper, the Leicester Chartist, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.424">424</a></li> + +<li>Coorg, Princess of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a></li> + +<li>Corbett, Mr, Secretary of Legation at Florence, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310">310</a></li> + +<li>Corigan, Dominic, Physician-in-Ordinary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.136"><i>136</i></a></li> + +<li>Cork, Queen Victoria's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>question of dockyard, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Corn Laws, petition against, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>debates on, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.218">218</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278">278</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.280">280</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.381">381</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>;</li> +<li>Anti-Corn-Law League, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.466">466</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.383"><i>383</i></a>;</li> +<li>paragraph in the <i>Times</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>Sir R. Peel's views, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>;</li> +<li>settlement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a>;</li> +<li>Earl Grey on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.377">377</a>;</li> +<li>Mr Disraeli on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Coronation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.120">120</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.127">127</a></li> + +<li>Corry, H., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.405">405</a></li> + +<li>Cottenham, Earl of, Chancellor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.271">271</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.314">314</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a></li> + +<li>County and Borough Franchise, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a></li> + +<li>Couper, Sir George, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a></li> + +<li>Courvoisier murders Lord William Russell, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220"><i>220</i></a></li> + +<li>Covent Garden Theatre, Free Trade meetings at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a></li> + +<li>Coventry, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.91">91</a></li> + +<li>Cowell, Major (afterwards Sir John), tutor to Prince Alfred, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.413"><i>413</i></a></li> + +<li>Cowley, first Baron, Minister at Frankfort, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.495">495</a></li> + +<li>—— second Baron (created Earl 1859), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.146">146</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's high opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>;</li> +<li>Ambassador at Napoleon's Court, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.397">397</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435">435</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.160">160</a>;</li> +<li>council of war at Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>honours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.186">186</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>mission to Vienna, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.323">323</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>-326;</li> +<li>rumoured treaty between France and Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.330">330</a>;</li> +<li>terms of peace at Villafranca, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>;</li> +<li>England's congress representative, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.384">384</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.385">385</a>;</li> +<li>stormy interview with Napoleon, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.390">390</a>-394;</li> +<li>French policy in Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.412"><i>412</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cowper, Countess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201">201</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Fanny, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>her beauty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.266">266</a>.</li> +<li><i>See</i> also Jocelyn, Lady</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Hon. William, Priv. Sec. to Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>First Commissioner of Works, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cracow, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.114">114</a></li> + +<li>Crampton, Mr (afterwards Sir John), British Minister at Washington, dismissal of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.219"><i>219</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>English Ambassador at St Petersburg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.326">326</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cranworth, Lord, Lord Chancellor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Creptowitch, Count, Russian Ambassador, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185"><i>185</i></a></li> + +<li>Crimea, <i>see</i> Eastern Question</li> + +<li>Croker, Right Hon. J. W., Queen's declaration, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.197">197</a></li> + +<li>Crown, influence of the, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.105">105</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>prerogatives of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.294">294</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— jewels, claim to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a></li> + +<li>Crowther, Rev. Samuel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a></li> + +<li>Crystal Palace, the Queen opens the, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117"><i>117</i></a>;</li> +<li>peace fête, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Cullen, Dr, Archbishop of Armagh, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.281">281</a></li> + +<li>Cumberland, second Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4;</a> +<ul class="index1"><li>his character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>.</li> +<li><i>See</i> also Hanover, King Ernest of</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— third Duke of, <i>see</i> Hanover, King George V.</li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page488" id="page488"></a>[page 488]</span>Cureton, General, death of, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212">212</a></li> + +<li>—— Rev. Wm., recommended for Canonry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Custine, Marquis Astolphe de, <i>La Russie en 1839</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a></li> + </ul> + +<a name="D" id="D"></a> + <ul class="none"> +<li>Daily News, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.337">337</a></li> + +<li>Dalhousie, Countess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.397">397</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.450">450</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— tenth Earl and first Marquess of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Viceroy of India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>;</li> +<li>views as to the Punjab, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>Marquess, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212">212</a>;</li> +<li>Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a>;</li> +<li>Rangoon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>Cinque Ports, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.400">400</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>on his wife's death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.450">450</a>;</li> +<li>correspondence with the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.38">38</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.45">45</a>-48, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>desires to retire, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.114">114</a>;</li> +<li>retirement of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.179">179</a>;</li> +<li>reported failure to suppress insubordination in India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.180"><i>180</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord Canning succeeds him, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.179">179</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.292">292</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Dalkeith, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.430">430</a></li> + +<li>Dalmeny, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.489">489</a></li> + +<li>Danish Law of Succession, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358"><i>358</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.280">280</a></li> + +<li>Darmes, attempts King Louis Philippe's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.243"><i>243</i></a></li> + +<li>D'Aubigny, Mons., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a></li> + +<li>Davis, Jefferson, President of the Southern States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a></li> + +<li>Davys, Rev. George, Dean of Chester, afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, instructor of Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.15">15</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.64">64</a></li> + +<li>Dawes, Richd., Dean of Ripon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206">206</a></li> + +<li>Dawson, Hon. Thomas Vesey, death at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.55">55</a></li> + +<li>Deceased Wife's Sister Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a></li> + +<li>Defences, national, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>-400; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.37">37</a></li> + +<li>De Grey, Earl, Lord-Lieut, of Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a></li> + +<li>Delane, John T., editor of the <i>Times</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Germany, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.462">462</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>De la Warr, Elizabeth, Countess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + +<li>Delhi, revolt at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>capture of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Democracy, progress of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.385">385</a></li> + +<li>"Democratic," definition of the term, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.107">107</a></li> + +<li>Denison, J. E., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Speaker, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Denman, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Denmark, and Morocco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Holstein, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.171">171</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.249">249</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.270">270</a>;</li> +<li>peace concluded with Prussia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.254">254</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.255">255</a>;</li> +<li>Danish succession, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.320">320</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358">358</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King of, letter to Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.254">254</a></li> + +<li>Derby, Earl of, <i>see</i> Stanley</li> + +<li>Despatches, method of dealing with, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a></li> + +<li>Devonshire, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16"><i>16</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.202">202</a></li> + +<li>Dhuleep Singh, Maharajah, Queen's impression of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.47">47</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.248">248</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.252">252</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Dietz, Mons., Governor of Prince Ferdinand, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.54">54</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.131">131</a></li> + +<li>Dilke, Sir C. W., Baronet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a></li> + +<li>Disbrowe, Sir Ed., British Minister at the Hague, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.409">409</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.417">417</a></li> + +<li>Disfranchisement Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a></li> + +<li>Disraeli, Benjamin, "Young England," ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>"poisoned chalice," ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.59"><i>59</i></a>;</li> +<li>protectionist, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>attack on Sir R. Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>;</li> +<li>leader of Opposition, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>;</li> +<li>motion on agricultural distress, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>;</li> +<li>protection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.291">291</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.301">301</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a>;</li> +<li>on Palmerston's defence, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.364">364</a>;</li> +<li><i>Endymion</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376"><i>376</i></a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>debate on dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.382">382</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384;</a></li> +<li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.385">385</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>speech on Duke of Wellington, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>Free Trade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>and Gladstone, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.405">405</a>;</li> +<li>Budget speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>loss of office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a>;</li> +<li>apology for his speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428"><i>428</i></a>;</li> +<li>attack on the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.38"><i>38</i></a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.106">106</a>;</li> +<li>formation of Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.81">81</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>attack on Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131"><i>131</i></a>;</li> +<li>preparation for war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>attack on the Budget, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>China War debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.228">228</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>speech on Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a>;</li> +<li>return to office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>reports of the debates, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274">274</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.275">275</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.279">279</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290"><i>290</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.292"><i>292</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Stanley, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>debate on the address, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.340">340</a>;</li> +<li>defeat of Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.341">341</a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.358">358</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston's Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Dissenters and Church Rates, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.323">323</a></li> + +<li>Dissolution, prerogative of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.91">91</a></li> + +<li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Court, Queen's objection to publication of proceedings in newspapers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.378">378</a></li> + +<li>Doabs, Eastern, disarmament of Sikhs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Dorset, Duke of, Master of the Horse, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a></li> + +<li>Dost Mahommed, <i>see</i> Afghanistan, Ameer of</li> + +<li>Douglas, General Sir Howard, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Lord (afterwards Duke of Hamilton), marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page489" id="page489"></a>[page 489]</span>Douglas, Rev. Hon. A. (afterwards Bp. of Aberdeen and Orkney), +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.102">102</a></li> + +<li>Douro, Marchioness of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.322">322</a></li> + +<li>Doyle, Richard, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152"><i>152</i></a></li> + +<li>Drayton Manor, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a></li> + +<li>Dresden, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220"> <i>220</i></a></li> + +<li>Dreux, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.159">159</a></li> + +<li>Drummond, Edward, assassination of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.455">455</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.456">456</a></li> + +<li>—— Castle, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.430">430</a></li> + +<li>—— Henry, Member for West Surrey, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a></li> + +<li>Druses, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li> + +<li>Dublin, Archbishop of (Richard Whateley), Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li>—— fear of outbreak at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Duels, military, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485"><i>485</i></a></li> + +<li>Dufferin, Marquess of, and story of Mrs Norton and the <i>Times</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48"><i>48</i></a></li> + +<li>Duffield, Walter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.41">41</a></li> + +<li>Dumas, General, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.159">159</a></li> + +<li>Duncannon, Viscount (afterwards Earl of Bessborough), Lord Privy Seal, afterwards Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.344">344</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.93">93</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.122">122</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Duncombe, Thomas, M.P., Finsbury, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Roebuck Committee, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.106">106</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Dundas, Vice-Admral Sir James, Commander of Mediterranean Fleet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116"><i>116</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Rear-Admiral Richard, commands expedition to the Baltic, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116"><i>116</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr (afterwards Lord Melville), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.357">357</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir David, Convention of Cintra, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Dundonald, Earl of (formerly Lord Cochrane), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.9"><i>9</i></a></li> + +<li>Dunfermline, Lord (formerly James Abercromby), Speaker, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.98">98</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.230">230</a></li> + +<li>Dungannon, Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133"><i>133</i></a></li> + +<li>Dunkeld, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Dunmore, Countess of, Lady-in-Waiting, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384">384</a></li> + +<li>—— Earl of, death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.43">43</a></li> + +<li>Durham, first Earl of, High Commissioner in Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.104">104</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>rash conduct, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.128">128</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.234">234</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="E" id="E"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>-471; +<ul class="index1"><li>declaration of war with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>;</li> +<li>Turkish success, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a>;</li> +<li>battle of the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>;</li> +<li>Four Points negotiations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.65"><i>65</i></a>;</li> +<li>terms of settlement and final evacuation of the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>East India Company, recall of Lord Ellenborough, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.9">9</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.11">11</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>giving medals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>Sir Charles Napier, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.259">259</a>;</li> +<li>position of Indian princes, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.47">47</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.237">237</a>-248, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.252">252</a>;</li> +<li>future Government of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.257">257</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Eastlake, Sir Charles, Keeper of National Gallery, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.338">338</a></li> + +<li>Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.232"><i>232</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.281">281</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.313">313</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.314">314</a></li> + +<li>Eckerforde, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li> + +<li>Eden, Lt.-Gen. John, C.B., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a></li> + +<li>Edinburgh, Queen's visit, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Education, Bullock's work on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.214">214</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>committee on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Edwardes, Major, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200">200</a></li> + +<li>Egypt (<i>see</i> also Ali, Mehemet) and the Four Powers, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.242">242</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.252"><i>252</i></a></li> + +<li>Elchingen, Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a></li> + +<li>Elcho, Lord (afterwards Earl of Wemyss), Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>new Foreign Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Election, general 1836, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>on death of William IV., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.80">80</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.126">126</a>;</li> +<li>Corrupt Practices Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Elgin, Earl of, Governor in Jamaica, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.47">47</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.94">94</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>treaty with Japan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>;</li> +<li>Postmaster-General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Elimar, Prince, of Oldenburg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>Eliot, Lord, afterwards Earl of St Germans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + +<li>Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of Queen Adelaide, death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a></li> + +<li>Ellenborough, Lord (afterwards Earl of), President of Board of Control, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.326">326</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Governor-General of India, i, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.344">344</a>;</li> +<li>Indian warfare, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.443"><i>443</i></a>;</li> +<li>Somnauth proclamation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.445">445</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.462">462</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>Scinde controversy, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.502">502</a>;</li> +<li>recall of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.9">9</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.18">18</a>;</li> +<li>Earldom, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.10">10</a>;</li> +<li>in office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.70">70</a>;</li> +<li>protectionist, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Cochrane, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.73">73</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.81">81</a>;</li> +<li>President of Board of Control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh despatch, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>-289;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>-285</li></ul></li> + +<li>Ellesmere, Earl of, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a></li> + +<li>Ellice, Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.92">92</a></li> + +<li>Elliot, Captain, Chinese opium trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.261"><i>261</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>recalled, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lady Fanny, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291">291</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Harriet, illness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.69"><i>69</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr (afterwards Sir Henry), P.C., G.C.B., Plenipotentiary to Naples, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.356">356</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a></li> + +<li>Elphinstone, General, capture of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Sir J. D. H., M.P. for Portsmouth, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a></li> + +<li>—— Baron, Governor of Bombay, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313">313</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a></li> + +<li>Ely, bishopric of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35">35</a></li> + +<li>—— Marchioness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.378">378</a></li> + +<li>Emlyn, Lord, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.395">395</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page490" id="page490"></a>[page 490]</span>Enfield, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.212">212</a></li> + +<li>England, troubles in Afghanistan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.373">373</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.382">382</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.385">385</a></li> + +<li>—— and Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.187">187</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.444">444</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452">452</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.25">25</a>;</li> +<li>proposed alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.49"><i>49</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>Four Points, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.144">144</a>;</li> +<li>ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>-262; +<ul class="index1"><li>successes in, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>dispute with and ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>treaty of Tien-tsin, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a>;</li> +<li>march to Pekin, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Denmark, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358">358</a></li> + +<li>—— and France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.93">93</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.230">230</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.120"><i>120</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>hospitality to King of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.155">155</a>;</li> +<li>relations with as a Republic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a>;</li> +<li>on the Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.443">443</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.460">460</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.470">470</a>;</li> +<li>alliance with, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a>;</li> +<li>feeling against, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264"><i>264</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Germany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.276">276</a></li> + +<li>—— and India (<i>see</i> India)</li> + +<li>—— and Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182">182</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Rome, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>Naples, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.140">140</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141">141</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Japan, treaty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + +<li>—— and Persia, war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a></li> + +<li>—— and Portugal, unpopularity, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>English fleet in the Tagus, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109"><i>109</i></a>;</li> +<li>constitutional trouble, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.111">111</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>conference, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.120"><i>120</i></a>;</li> +<li>policy in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179">179</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Punjab, annexation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>—— and Russia, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.86">86</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>on the Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-445, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.11">11</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.14">14</a>;</li> +<li>declaration of war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19"><i>19</i></a>;</li> +<li>Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>-32, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.35">35</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43">43</a>;</li> +<li>defeat at the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>battle of Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Four Points, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66"><i>66</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>;</li> +<li>Sebastopol taken, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141">141</a>;</li> +<li>Austrian ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152"><i>152</i></a>;</li> +<li>peace and terms of settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>;</li> +<li>difficulty of enforcing settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>-186, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>Danish Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.439">439</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.433">433</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72">72</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>-108</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sweden and Norway, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134"><i>134</i></a></li> + +<li>—— and Turkey, Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-445, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13"><i>13</i>,</a> +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.19">19</a></li> + +<li>England and United States of America, boundary dispute, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.355">355</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.368">368</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.461">461</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>rupture with, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.219"><i>219</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>Trent</i> affair, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>England, General (afterwards Sir Richard), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402">402</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Enrique, Don, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.103">103</a></li> + +<li>Ense, Varnhagen, von, memoirs of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.472">472</a></li> + +<li>Erfurt, Diet of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a></li> + +<li>Ernest, Prince, of Hohenlohe, death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a></li> + +<li>Ernest, King, of Hanover, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.189">189</a>. +<ul class="index1"><li><i>See</i> Cumberland, Duke of</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Prince, of Saxe-Coburg, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.48">48</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>arrival at Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.205">205</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>bravery, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ernestine branch of Saxe-Coburg family, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.2">2</a></li> + +<li>Erroll, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.300">300</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.474">474</a></li> + +<li>Espartero, Joaquin, Regent of Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.346">346</a></li> + +<li>Este, Sir Augustus de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.489"><i>489</i></a></li> + +<li>Esterhazy, Prince Paul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a></li> + +<li>Eton College, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.22"><i>22</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Montem, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Dr Hawtrey, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.433">433</a>;</li> +<li>extra week's holiday, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>election of Provost, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Eu, Château de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.181">181</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182">182</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Eugénie, Empress of the French, <i>see</i> Montijo</li> + +<li>Eupatoria, disaster at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111"><i>111</i></a></li> + +<li>Evans, Col. (afterwards Sir G. de Lacy), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.297"><i>297</i></a></li> + +<li>Examinations, competitive, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a></li> + +<li>Executions, public, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.38">38</a></li> + +<li>Exeter, Bishop of, Gorham case, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a></li> + +<li>Exeter, Marquess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.312">312</a></li> + +<li>Exhibition of 1851, in Hyde Park, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239">239</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>success of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.316">316</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.317">317</a>;</li> +<li>ball at Guildhall, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.320">320</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="F" id="F"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Factory Labour, Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a></li> + +<li>Fane, Hon. Julian, Secretary of Embassy, Vienna, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.370">370</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.409"><i>409</i></a></li> + +<li>Farnham, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.400">400</a></li> + +<li>Fawcett, Col., shot in a duel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485"><i>485</i></a></li> + +<li>Featherstonhaugh, Mr., H.B.M. Consul, Havre, arranges escape of King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.156">156</a>-160, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.163">163</a></li> + +<li>Feodore, Princess, of Leiningen, the Queen's half-sister, marriage to Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.33"><i>33</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>childhood, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.18">18</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.37">37</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.88">88</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.510">510</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ferdinand, Maximilian Joseph, of Austria, Archduke, proposed marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.211">211</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage and death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234"><i>234</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.240"><i>240</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Duke of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.234">234</a></li> + +<li>—— <i>see</i> Portugal, King of</li> + +<li>—— II., King of Naples, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.51">51</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li> rising against, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li> illness and death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— of Bulgaria, Prince, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431"><i>431</i></a></li> + +<li>Feroz Shah, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.47">47</a></li> + +<li>Ferozepore, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Ferozeshah, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76"><i>76</i></a></li> + +<li>Fieschi attempts King Louis Philippe's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Fife, Earl of, Peerage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.245">245</a></li> + +<li>Fine Arts Commission, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.332">332</a></li> + +<li>Finlay, Mr, claim against Greek Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239"><i>239</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page491" id="page491"></a>[page 491]</span>Finmark, guarantee of, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134"><i>134</i></a></li> + +<li>Fiscal Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.292"><i>292</i></a></li> + +<li>Fisher, Dr, <i>see</i> Salisbury, Bishop of</li> + +<li>Fitzclarence, Lord Adolphus, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.390">390</a></li> + +<li>Fitzgerald, William Robert Seymour Vesey, Under Secretary for Foreign affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.445">445</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir John, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>—— and Vesci, Lord, President of Board of Control, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.347">347</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.372">372</a></li> + +<li>Fitzmayer, Col., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a></li> + +<li>Fitzwilliam, Earl, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.126">126</a>-128</li> + +<li>—— Lady Anne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Flahaut, Madame de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.39">39</a></li> + +<li>Florence, visited by Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>revolution in, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Follett, Sir William, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.219">219</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Solicitor-General, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Fonblanque, Albany, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.412">412</a></li> + +<li>Foreign Enlistment Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.58"><i>58</i></a></li> + +<li>Foreign Office, new, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.444">444</a></li> + +<li>Foreign Secretary, duties of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.264">264</a></li> + +<li>Forey, General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455">455</a></li> + +<li>Fortescue, second Earl, receives the Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.157">157</a></li> + +<li>—— Dudley, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li> + +<li>Fould, Achille, French Minister, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333"><i>333</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a></li> + +<li>Four Points, Crimean negotiations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.160">160</a>-185</li> + +<li>Fox, Charles James, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.391">391</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr, British Minister at Washington, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.355">355</a></li> + +<li>France, attempts on life of King, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.243">243</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.408"><i>408</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>expedition to Constantin, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>;</li> +<li>heated debates in Chamber, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.63">63</a>;</li> +<li>Duke and Duchess of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.69">69</a>;</li> +<li>and England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.93">93</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.230">230</a>;</li> +<li>and the Peninsula, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.94">94</a>;</li> +<li>in Africa, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a>;</li> +<li>sympathy with Belgium, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.135">135</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.151">151</a>;</li> +<li>Louis Bonaparte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>Turco-Egyptian convention, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern crisis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.231">231</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.235">235</a>-240;</li> +<li>friendliness with England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.239">239</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.244">244</a>;</li> +<li>Thiers Ministry dismissed, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.242">242</a>;</li> +<li>possibility of revolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.246">246</a>-249;</li> +<li>and Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.347">347</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.351">351</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.445">445</a>;</li> +<li>Spanish marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.488"><i>488</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>-109;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a>;</li> +<li>friction with England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>;</li> +<li>England and Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>hostilities with Morocco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a>;</li> +<li>fortification of Paris and Algerian trouble, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>;</li> +<li>Syrian War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>murder of Duchesse de Praslin, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>abdication of King, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149"><i>149</i></a>;</li> +<li>republic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.151">151</a>;</li> +<li>new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a>;</li> +<li>national assembly, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.173"><i>173</i></a>;</li> +<li>the Royal Family, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.176">176</a>;</li> +<li><i>entente cordiale</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>English Ambassador to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a>;</li> +<li>Louis Bonaparte, President of Republic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.205">205</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.210">210</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.214">214</a>;</li> +<li>relations with England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a>;</li> +<li>state of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.238">238</a>;</li> +<li><i>coup d'état</i> in Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-340, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.353">353</a>;</li> +<li>dispute with Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the Swiss Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>champion of Italian liberty, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>Bourbons, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.389">389</a>;</li> +<li>position of Louis Napoleon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>assumes imperial title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406"><i>406</i></a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.451">451</a>-471; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>fleet sent to Salamis, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441"><i>441</i></a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.443"><i>443</i></a>;</li> +<li>alliance with England against Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.6"><i>6</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>;</li> +<li>and Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43">43</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52">52</a>;</li> +<li>and the Four Points, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>;</li> +<li>success against Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a>;</li> +<li>fall of Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a>;</li> +<li>desire for peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a>;</li> +<li>peace and terms of settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.138"><i>138</i></a>-185, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.214">214</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.215">215</a>;</li> +<li>rupture with King Ferdinand, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>bad state of army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.180">180</a>;</li> +<li>feeling against England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264"><i>264</i></a>;</li> +<li>Italy and Sardinia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310"><i>310</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>reported treaty with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.328"><i>328</i></a>;</li> +<li>victories, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.353"><i>353</i></a>;</li> +<li>conclusion of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.355"><i>355</i></a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Zurich, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.374"><i>374</i></a>;</li> +<li>annexation of Savoy and Nice, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>expedition to Pekin, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a>;</li> +<li>policy in Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.412">412</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Franchise, County and Borough, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.289">289</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Extension Committee, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>;</li> +<li>Disfranchisement Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>based on personal property, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>Borough, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Francis, attempts the Queen's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.398">398</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.405">405</a></li> + +<li>—— II., King of Naples, flight to Gaëta, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Frankfort, National Assembly at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188"><i>188</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192"><i>192</i></a></li> + +<li>Frederic of the Netherlands, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>—— Archduke, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Frederick, William Victor Albert (afterwards German Emperor), birth of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>christening, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Frederick I., <i>see</i> Würtemberg, King of</li> + +<li>—— Augustus II., <i>see</i> Saxony, King of</li> + +<li>—— Crown Prince of Prussia, <i>see</i> Prussia, Prince Frederick</li> + +<li>Free Church of Scotland, founded, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Freemasons, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.478">478</a></li> + +<li>Free Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.382">382</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132"><i>132</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.310">310</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.313">313</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.399"><i>399</i>,</a> +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.405">405</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.427">427</a></li> + +<li>Fremantle, Sir Thomas, afterwards Lord Cottesloe, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.482">482</a></li> + +<li>French, Emperor of the, <i>see</i> Napoleon</li> + +<li>—— Empress of the, <i>see</i> Montijo, Mademoiselle de</li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page492" id="page492"></a>[page 492]</span>French, King of the, <i>see</i> Louis Philippe</li> + +<li>—— Queen of the (Marie Amélie) (<i>see</i> Louis Philippe), death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.265">265</a></li> + +<li>Frogmore, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.399">399</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death of Duchess of Kent at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>-439, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">447</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Fueros, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a></li> + </ul> + + <a name="G" id="G"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Gaelic, in Highland schools, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.214">214</a></li> + +<li>Gaëta, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.205">205</a></li> + +<li>Gaillard, Gabriel Henri, <i>La Rivalité de la France et de l'Espagne</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.39">39</a></li> + +<li>Gainsborough, Countess of, <i>see</i> Barham, Lady</li> + +<li>Gaisford, Very Rev. Thomas (Dean of Christchurch), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.148">148</a></li> + +<li>Garbett, Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a></li> + +<li>Gardner, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291">291</a></li> + +<li>Garibaldi, guerilla leader, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>deputy for Nice, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Sicilian insurrection, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.410">410</a>;</li> +<li>Lord J. Russell's letter to and reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.432">432</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.434">434</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Geisel, Cardinal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.457">457</a></li> + +<li>George III., his politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li> family, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— IV., marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>-13, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.258">258</a>;</li> +<li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— V., of Hanover, <i>see</i> Hanover</li> + +<li>—— Prince, of Denmark, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.214">214</a></li> + +<li>Germany, King of Prussia on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.137">137</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>effect of French Revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>anxiety in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170">170</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>Minor States, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.189">189</a>;</li> +<li>interest in Lombardy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>;</li> +<li>disorder in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.199">199</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.215">215</a>;</li> +<li>Imperial crown declined by King of Prussia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>Union of Schleswig and Holstein, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.249">249</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.254">254</a>;</li> +<li>critical position of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a>;</li> +<li>constitutionalism, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>;</li> +<li>anxiety in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>Diet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.320">320</a>;</li> +<li>coronation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.456">456</a>-459;</li> +<li>the Emperor's views, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.465">465</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ghent, disturbances at, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.187">187</a></li> + +<li>Gholab Singh, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Gholam Mohammed, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a></li> + +<li>Ghuznee, surrender of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402">402</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442"><i>442</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Mahmood of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.46">46</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gibraltar, Governorship of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.201">201</a></li> + +<li>Gilbert, Major-General, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Girardin, Emile, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149">149</a></li> + +<li>Giurgevo, Turkish success at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.35"><i>35</i></a></li> + +<li>Gladstone, Right Hon. W. E., Member for Newark, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>President of Board of Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>retirement, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"> <i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.64">64</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>71</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252">252</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.302">302</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.305">305</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>;</li> +<li>Disfranchisement Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>education minute, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a>;</li> +<li>Free Trade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>and Disraeli, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.405">405</a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>first Budget, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.446"><i>446</i></a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's congratulations, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.454"><i>454</i></a>;</li> +<li>possible Leader, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>letter in the <i>Morning Chronicle</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a>;</li> +<li>Civil Service examinations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.9">9</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.10">10</a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.77">77</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>formation of Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.94">94</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of Exchequer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Prince Albert, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a>;</li> +<li>preparation for war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>attack on Budget, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>Chinese dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>High Commissioner to Ionian Islands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>refusal to join Government of 1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.270">270</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.292">292</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290">290</a>;</li> +<li>Crown prerogatives (India), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.295"><i>295</i></a>;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>on the fate of the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.341">341</a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a>;</li> +<li>Italian policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.367">367</a>;</li> +<li>rise in Income Tax, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>desire to resign, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>Budget import duties, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.388"><i>388</i></a>;</li> +<li>Bill for Abolition of Paper Duties thrown out, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.402">402</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>;</li> +<li>threatens resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>disagreement with Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Glasgow, serious riot, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen opens Waterworks, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Glenelg, Lord, Colonial Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.104">104</a></li> + +<li>Glenlyon, Lord (afterwards Duke of Athole), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.25">25</a></li> + +<li>Gloucester, Duchess of (Princess Mary), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.172">172</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.194">194</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.389">389</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a></li> + +<li>—— Duke of, character and politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.7">7</a></li> + +<li>—— Princess Sophia Matilda of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a></li> + +<li>Glücksburg, Prince Christian of, <i>see</i> Christian</li> + +<li>Goblet, Albert Joseph, Count d'Alviella, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a></li> + +<li>Goldie, Brig.-Gen., death at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52"><i>52</i></a></li> + +<li>Goodford, Dr, Headmaster of Eton College, elected Provost, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a></li> + +<li>Gordon, Col., Deputy Quartermaster-General, censure on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.174"><i>174</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Robert, Ambassador to Vienna, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.326">326</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.359">359</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a></li> + +<li>Gorham, Mr, and the Bishop of Exeter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.272"><i>272</i></a></li> + +<li>Gortschakoff, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>character, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.204">204</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.334">334</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.410">410</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gosford, Earl of, Governor of Lower Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li>Gotha, line extinguished, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.2">2</a></li> + +<li>Gough, Sir Hugh (afterwards Viscount),<span class="pagenum"><a name="page493" id="page493"></a>[page 493]</span> +successes in China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>baronet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>successes in India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.73"><i>73</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief in India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>;</li> +<li>superseded, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.215">215</a>;</li> +<li>Viscount, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Goulburn, H., Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.38">38</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Disraeli's attack on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428"><i>428</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gower, Lady Elizabeth (afterwards Duchess of Argyll), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.449">449</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Evelyn Leveson, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.489">489</a></li> + +<li>Graham, Sir James, Home Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.219">219</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>public executions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.38">38</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.39">39</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>takes leave of the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.88">88</a>;</li> +<li>as to joining the Whig Cabinet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.293">293</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.298">298</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.305">305</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.359">359</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>speech on Corn Duty, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.382">382</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.415">415</a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>and Disraeli, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428"><i>428</i></a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.454"><i>454</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.455">455</a>;</li> +<li>position in the Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>;</li> +<li>speech at Reform Club, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.25"><i>25</i></a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.91">91</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.94">94</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.100">100</a>;</li> +<li>Admiralty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175">175</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265"><i>265</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat of the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.267">267</a>-272;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290"><i>290</i></a>;</li> +<li>competitive exams., iii, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>;</li> +<li>assailed by Disraeli, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.341"><i>341</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Grahamstown, new See, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Granby, Marquess of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Grantown, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Granville, first Earl, Ambassador at Paris, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.95">95</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.181">181</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.258">258</a></li> + +<li>—— second Earl, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.343">343</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.345">345</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.348">348</a>;</li> +<li>audience with the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's view of Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.351">351</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.372">372</a>;</li> +<li>resignation 1852, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>Board of Trade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>;</li> +<li>President of the Council, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141">141</a>;</li> +<li>coronation of Czar, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>his opinion of the Czar, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.203">203</a>;</li> +<li>Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a>;</li> +<li>China War debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>fails to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.343">343</a>;</li> +<li>and the <i>Times</i> disclosures, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.347">347</a>;</li> +<li>President of the Council, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.348">348</a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a>;</li> +<li>Sir James Hudson, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.377">377</a>;</li> +<li>Lord J. Russell's despatch to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.389">389</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Graves, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a></li> + +<li>Greece, throne of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.63">63</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.199">199</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234">234</a>;</li> +<li>appeal to Russia, and France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242"><i>242</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gregory XVI., Pope, +<ul class="index1"><li>interview with Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Grenadiers, wounded from Crimea iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a></li> + +<li>Grenville, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.357">357</a></li> + +<li>Greville, Charles, journal of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.285">285</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.300"><i>300</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Grey, Sir George, Governor of Cape of Good Hope (afterwards Governor of New Zealand), +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.201"><i>201</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>difficulties with Hottentots, Kaffirs, and Boers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.225">225</a>;</li> +<li>action at Cape Town, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.238"><i>238</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li> + +<li>—— second Earl, Prime Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55">55</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Reform Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.283">283</a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.43">43</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— third Earl, <i>see</i> Howick, Lord</li> + +<li>—— Sir George, Under-Secretary for the Colonies, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.135">135</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>Home Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.60">60</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>Chartist meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a>;</li> +<li>officers' commissions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.237">237</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>;</li> +<li>on Palmerston's successor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.346">346</a>;</li> +<li>seals of office given up, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>;</li> +<li>Home Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>Colonies, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.75">75</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>-78;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.95">95</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>on Sir James Hudson's appointment, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.377">377</a>;</li> +<li><i>Trent</i> affair, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— George Henry (son of the above), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a></li> + +<li>Grimston, Lady Mary, trainbearer to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>her beauty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gröben, General Count von der, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16">16</a></li> + +<li>Gros, Baron, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a></li> + +<li>Grosvenor, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.202">202</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.204">204</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.207">207</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord Robert (afterwards Lord Ebury), peerage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.245">245</a></li> + +<li>Guards, The, embarkation for the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.14">14</a></li> + +<li>Guelphic Order, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a></li> + +<li>Guéronnière, M. de la, <i>The Pope and the Congress</i> pamphlet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313"><i>313</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a></li> + +<li>Guilford, Earl of, <i>see</i> North, Lord</li> + +<li>Guizot, M., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.237">237</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.238">238</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.321">321</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.347">347</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.348">348</a>; ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.106">106</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.108">108</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>a fugitive, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.145">145</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.153">153</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.156">156</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.162">162</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170">170</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Gujerat, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + </ul> + + + + <a name="H" id="H"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Haddington, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a></li> + +<li>Hadfield, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Halford, Sir Henry, Court Physician, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.477">477</a></li> + +<li>Hall, Sir Benjamin (afterwards Baron Llanover), First Commissioner of Public Works, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365"><i>365</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.150">150</a></li> + +<li>Hallam's <i>Constitutional History</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.449">449</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page494" id="page494"></a>[page 494]</span>Hamilton, William, attempt on Queen's life, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a></li> + +<li>Hammond, Mr (afterwards Lord), permanent Under-Secretary at Foreign Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>Hampden, Dr, Bishop of Hereford, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.135">135</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.136">136</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.139">139</a></li> + +<li>Hanover, House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a></li> + +<li>—— constitution abrogated, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Princess Royal's reception, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King of (Ernest Augustus), the Queen's uncle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.126">126</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>claim to Crown jewels, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.477">477</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a>-482;</li> +<li>power to confer Orders, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.331">331</a>;</li> +<li>treatment of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King George V. of, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.437">437</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>succeeds to the throne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.331">331</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hanoverian Orders, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a></li> + +<li>Harcourt, Edward Vernon, Archbishop of York, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291"><i>291</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.292">292</a></li> + +<li>Hardinge, Sir Henry (afterwards Viscount), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.65">65</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Secretary at War, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.279">279</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Governor-General of India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.28">28</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.29">29</a>;</li> +<li>settlement of Sikh boundaries, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.75">75</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.77">77</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.88">88</a>;</li> +<li>state of India, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.125">125</a>;</li> +<li>Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>audience with the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.394">394</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>;</li> +<li>Army promotions, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a>;</li> +<li>Field-Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>;</li> +<li>Army discipline, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189</a>;</li> +<li>illness and resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.197">197</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.198">198</a>;</li> +<li>death and Queen's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.210">210</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.211">211</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hardwicke, first Earl, Lord Chancellor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.502"><i>502</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.504">504</a></li> + +<li>—— fourth Earl, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384">384</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.497">497</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Privy Seal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272"><i>272</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Harley, Lord (afterwards Earl of Oxford), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.504">504</a></li> + +<li>Harrow, extra week's holiday, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a></li> + +<li>Harrowby, Lord, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a></li> + +<li>Hartington, Lord (afterwards Duke of Devonshire), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.340">340</a></li> + +<li>Hatzfeldt, Count, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.181"><i>181</i></a></li> + +<li>Havelock, Colonel, death of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212"><i>212</i></a></li> + +<li>—— General, Lucknow relief, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.238"><i>238</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.249">249</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.255"><i>255</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.259">259</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.259">259</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Havre, flight of King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a>-160</li> + +<li>Hawes, Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a></li> + +<li>Hawtrey, Dr, Headmaster of Eton College, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.339">339</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Montem, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.433">433</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hay, Lord John, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a></li> + +<li>Haynau, General, attack on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269">269</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a></li> + +<li>Hayter, Mr, artist, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.338">338</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr (afterwards Sir William), Liberal Whip, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a></li> + +<li>Head, Sir Francis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li>Heath, Captain, H.M.S. <i>Sanspareil</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.70">70</a></li> + +<li>Heathcote, Sir William, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.292">292</a></li> + +<li>Helena, Princess (afterwards Princess Christian), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a></li> + +<li>Henley, J. W., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>President of Board of Trade, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>withdrawal from Ministry, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hennessy, John Pope (afterwards Sir), M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.445">445</a></li> + +<li><i>Henri IV.</i>, French warship, loss of, at Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56">56</a></li> + +<li>Herat, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.327">327</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>siege of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.199"><i>199</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Herbert, Sidney (afterwards Lord Herbert of Lea), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48"><i>48</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>;</li> +<li>Free Trade debate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.405">405</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.415">415</a>;</li> +<li>Admiralty, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>sends out Florence Nightingale, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.62"><i>62</i></a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>formation of Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.87">87</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.91">91</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.99">99</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston, opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>declines to join the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>Secretary for War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>England's interference with Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.364">364</a>;</li> +<li>illness and death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.422">422</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Herries, Rt. Hon. J. C., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.291">291</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a></li> + +<li>Hesse-Cassel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.272"><i>272</i></a></li> + +<li>Hesse, Prince Charles of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>Hever Castle, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.37">37</a></li> + +<li>Heytesbury, Lord, Governor of Isle of Wight, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.326">326</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.330">330</a></li> + +<li>Highland Volunteers, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Highlanders, 92nd, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Hill, Viscount, Commander-in-Chief, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.263">263</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>resignation and death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.419">419</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.421"><i>421</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.446">446</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lord Marcus, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.300">300</a></li> + +<li>Hilliers, Gen. Baraguay de, at capture of Bomarsund, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Hindoos, public offices opened to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.29">29</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>remarriage of widows, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.235">235</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.252">252</a>;</li> +<li>address to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.399">399</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hobhouse, Sir John Cam (afterwards Lord Broughton), President of Board of Control, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a></li> + +<li>Hohenlohe, House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a></li> + +<li>—— Langenburg, Ernest, Prince of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.33">33</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a>;</li> +<li>question of his daughter's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Hermann, Prince, of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a></li> + +<li>—— Princess of, <i>see</i> Adelaide, Princess; Feodore, Princess</li> + +<li>Hohenzollern, Prince of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.457">457</a></li> + +<li>Holland, Dr (afterwards Sir Henry), Court Physician, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.237">237</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.438">438</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.8">8</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Prince Consort's last illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Belgian dispute settled, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.146">146</a>; + +<ul class="index1"><li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page495" id="page495"></a>[page 495]</span>King Leopold's views on, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>;</li> +<li>and England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.117">117</a>-120;</li> +<li>Queens visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44"><i>44</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King William I. of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188"><i>188</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>abdication, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.210"><i>210</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.351">351</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King William II. of, as Prince of Orange, suitor to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>becomes King, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.210"><i>210</i></a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.379">379</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.380">380</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen Sophia Frederica, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King William III. of, visit to King Leopold, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a></li> + +<li>—— Queen of, visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a></li> + +<li>Holland, Lord, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.245">245</a></li> + +<li>Holstein, union with Schleswig, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222"><i>222</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.249">249</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.250">250</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.258">258</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.270">270</a></li> + +<li>Holy Alliance, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a></li> + +<li>Holyrood Palace, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.266">266</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a></li> + +<li>Honfleur, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.159">159</a></li> + +<li>Hong-Kong, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.261">261</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.262">262</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>cession of, to England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hooghly River, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.250">250</a></li> + +<li>Hope, A. J. (afterwards Beresford-Hope), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a></li> + +<li>Horsman, Mr, M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a></li> + +<li>Hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.113">113</a></li> + +<li>Hotham, Admiral Sir William, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.216"><i>216</i></a></li> + +<li>House Tax, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.407"><i>407</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.411">411</a></li> + +<li>Household appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.373">373</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li> + +<li>Howard, Charles, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.419">419</a></li> + +<li>—— de Walden, Lord, +<ul class="index1"><li>British Minister at Lisbon and Brussels, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.131">131</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.356">356</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Howden, Lord (formerly Sir John H. Caradoc), British Minister at Rio Janeiro and Madrid, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133">133</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241">241</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.323">323</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a></li> + +<li>Howick, Lord (afterwards third Earl Grey), views on Canadian affairs, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>on civil government of the Army, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>possible Colonial Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>his party, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>views on resignation of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.80">80</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.81">81</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.89">89</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.90">90</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>South Africa, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.201">201</a>;</li> +<li>refusal to join the Government of 1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.270">270</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Howley, Dr, <i>see</i> Canterbury, Archbishop of</li> + +<li>Hübner, Baron, Austrian Ambassador at Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310"><i>310</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.321">321</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.327">327</a></li> + +<li>Hudson, Sir J., British Envoy at Turin, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333"><i>333</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>peace at Villafranca, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.375">375</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.440">440</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hugo, Victor (1802-1885), <i>Napoléon le Petit</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391"><i>391</i></a></li> + +<li>Hull, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.49">49</a></li> + +<li>Hume, Joseph, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.60">60</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.70">70</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123"><i>123</i></a></li> + +<li>Humiliation, days of, Queen's views on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19">19</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.20">20</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>national prayer and humiliation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.247">247</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.248">248</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Hummelauer, Baron, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a></li> + +<li>Hungary, submission of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a></li> + +<li>Hunt, Mr Leigh, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.412">412</a></li> + +<li>Huskisson, Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278">278</a></li> + +<li>Hutchinson, Mrs, biographer of her husband, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a></li> + </ul> + + + + <a name="Im" id="Im"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Ibrahim Pasha, (son of Mehemet Ali), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.246">246</a></li> + +<li><i>Idées Napoléoniennes</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a></li> + +<li>Income Tax, Queen's decision to pay, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.387">387</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.403">403</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.405">405</a>;</li> +<li>raised, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.307">307</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.312">312</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>;</li> +<li>reduction for farmers, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>increase, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>reduction, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Indemnity Act, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.256"><i>256</i></a></li> + +<li>India (<i>see</i> Afghanistan and East India Co.), +<ul class="index1"><li>policy as to Herat, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.327">327</a>-329;</li> +<li>reinforcements for China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.336">336</a>;</li> +<li>success in, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.481">481</a>;</li> +<li>retention of the Scinde, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.502">502</a>;</li> +<li>recall of Lord Ellenborough, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.9">9</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.18">18</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>education, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.28">28</a>;</li> +<li>public offices opened to Hindoos, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.29">29</a>;</li> +<li>Sikhs aggressive, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>Sikhs defeated, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>extension of boundaries, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>prosperity under British rule, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.125">125</a>;</li> +<li>origin of Sikh War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>;</li> +<li>necessity of making Punjab a British province, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>successful operations against Sikhs, ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>safety of English prisoners, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>disarmament of Sikhs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>annexation of the Punjab, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>state of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.400">400</a>;</li> +<li>honours to Duke of Wellington, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>satisfactory state of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.45">45</a>-48, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>troops for the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh placed under British control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>;</li> +<li>Mutiny in, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.235"><i>235</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.235">235</a>-238;</li> +<li>Lucknow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.243"><i>243</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.248"><i>248</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.249">249</a>;</li> +<li>Cawnpore, massacre of garrison, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.247"><i>247</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.248"><i>248</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.249">249</a>;</li> +<li>future government of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.257">257</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.293"><i>293</i></a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Army organisation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.295"><i>295</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.302">302</a>;</li> +<li>proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.298">298</a>;</li> +<li>title of Viceroy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.304">304</a>;</li> +<li>religious question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.304">304</a>;</li> +<li>army question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.317">317</a>-320;</li> +<li>termination of the Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.350">350</a>;</li> +<li>status of Bussahir, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.360">360</a>;</li> +<li>titles and honours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>letters of thanks to civil servants, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.399">399</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Indus, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Inkerman, battle of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.252"><i>252</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>account of the battle, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>-56</li></ul></li> + +<li>Insanity, plea of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Inverness, Duchess of (wife of Duke of Sussex), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.479">479</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page496" id="page496"></a>[page 496]</span>Ionian Islands, constitution of, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a></li> + +<li>Ireland, Secret Societies, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Municipal Corporations Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>Tithe Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>and O'Connell, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130">130</a>;</li> +<li>Committee for, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>registration, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>repeal agitation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>;</li> +<li>Arms Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.482">482</a>;</li> +<li>indictment of O'Connell, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>report of Potato Commission, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a>;</li> +<li>failure of potato crop, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>Coercion Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's proposed visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.93">93</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.127">127</a>;</li> +<li>alarming state of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170">170</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a>;</li> +<li>enthusiasm of people, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>brevet promotions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.227">227</a>;</li> +<li>another visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Irun, capture of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a></li> + +<li>Isabella, Queen, of Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>guardianship of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.346">346</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.349">349</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.389">389</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ismail, surrender of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a></li> + +<li>Issendorf, M. de, iii, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455">455</a></li> + +<li>Isturitz, Señor, Spanish statesman, flight, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a></li> + +<li>Italy, special mission to the Vatican, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.187">187</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>Piedmontese successes in Northern, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>and Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.322">322</a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress and war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>-354;</li> +<li>Pope's opinion of Italians, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a>;</li> +<li>insurrection at Perugia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.358">358</a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Zurich and congress to settle Italian affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.374"><i>374</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>French policy in, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.412">412</a>;</li> +<li>summary of events in 1861, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>;</li> +<li>Palmerston's views on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.427">427</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.428">428</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + <a name="J" id="J"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Jackson, Serjeant J. D., Irish Solicitor-General, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.352">352</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.354">354</a></li> + +<li>Jamaica, troubles in, and constitution of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.153">153</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.176">176</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>James, Edwin, successful defence of Dr Bernard, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a></li> + +<li>Japan, treaty with, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + +<li>Jarnac, Count, French Ambassador, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.160">160</a></li> + +<li>Jaux, M. de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Jenkinson, Lady Louisa, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Jenner, Dr (afterwards Sir William), Physician-Extraordinary to the Queen, in attendance on Prince Consort, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.476">476</a></li> + +<li>Jersey, Earl of, Master of the Horse, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + +<li>Jewish Disabilities Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a></li> + +<li>Jocelyn, Lord, on Free Trade, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.380">380</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.427">427</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><i>see</i> also Cowper, Lady Fanny</li></ul></li> + +<li>John, Archduke, younger son of the Emperor Leopold II, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.171">171</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a></li> + +<li>—— Prince of Portugal, brother of King Pedro, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.457">457</a></li> + +<li>Joinville, Prince de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.94">94</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.452">452</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>imprudent <i>brochure</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.24">24</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.153">153</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.337">337</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.353">353</a>;</li> +<li>gallant deed, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>accident to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Princess de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.178">178</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a></li> + +<li>Jones, Sir John Thomas, <i>Wars in Spain</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr, Vice-Consul at Havre, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a></li> + +<li>Jowett, Rev. B., Fellow of Balliol College, Professor of Greek, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.148">148</a></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="K" id="K"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Kaffir War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.201">201</a></li> + +<li>Kainardji, Treaty of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.464">464</a></li> + +<li>Kalampaka, engagement at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.37"><i>37</i></a></li> + +<li>Karak, island of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.4"><i>4</i></a></li> + +<li>Kars, fortress of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.178">178</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.179">179</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Keane, Sir John (afterwards Lord), Cabul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a></li> + +<li>Kellerman, General, and Convention of Cintra, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Kellersberg, Baron, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.328"><i>328</i></a></li> + +<li>Kennedy, Mr, removed from Crown Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a></li> + +<li>Kennington Common, Chartist meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a></li> + +<li>Kensington Palace, Queen's birth-place, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's early recollections of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>;</li> +<li>proposal to build National Gallery on site of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Kent, Duchess of (Queen's mother), biography of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>character and disposition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a>;</li> +<li>Parliamentary Grant, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a>;</li> +<li>education of Princess Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>-17;</li> +<li>Parliamentary Grant increased, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>estrangement with William IV., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Belgium, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.287">287</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.177">177</a>;</li> +<li>illness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.335">335</a>;</li> +<li>Frogmore, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.399">399</a>;</li> +<li>Edinburgh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>;</li> +<li>present at Volunteer Review, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>-439</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Duke of (Queen's father), politics and philanthropic views, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>biography, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>;</li> +<li>sudden death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Kertsch, successful attack on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a></li> + +<li>Khalsad army, surrender of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a></li> + +<li>Khyber Pass, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402">402</a></li> + +<li>Kinburn, citadel of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>King, Mr Locke, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.295">295</a></li> + +<li>—— Rev. Bryan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.417"><i>417</i></a></li> + +<li>Kinglake, Mr, <i>Invasion of the Crimea</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.31"><i>31</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111"><i>111</i></a></li> + +<li>Kingstown (Ireland), Queen Victoria's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.225">225</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page497" id="page497"></a>[page 497]</span>Kinsky regiment, loss of twenty-four officers, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a></li> + +<li>Kirkpatrick, William, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435"><i>435</i></a></li> + +<li>Kisseleff, General, Russian Ambassador, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.393">393</a></li> + +<li>Klebelsberg, Countess, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a></li> + +<li>Knatchbull, Sir Edward, Paymaster-General, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.279">279</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a></li> + +<li>Knightley, Rainald (afterwards Sir), M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Knollys, Sir William, K.C.B., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39"><i>39</i></a></li> + +<li>Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>history of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Kokan, Khan of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.45">45</a></li> + +<li>Koller, Baron, Austrian Ambassador, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>-269</li> + +<li>Königsberg, crowning of King and Queen of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li> + +<li>Kossuth, Louis, champion of Hungarian freedom, flight of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li>reception by Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>-331, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.432">432</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + + + <a name="L" id="L"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Lablache, Luigi (Queen's singing master), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a></li> + +<li>Labouchere, Mr (afterwards Lord Taunton), President of the Board of Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.262">262</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.91">91</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.150"><i>150</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Labour Bill, Mines, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Factories, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Laeken, Royal Palace in Belgium, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.34">34</a></li> + +<li>Lagos, capture of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a></li> + +<li>Lahore, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Lamartine, M., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.173"><i>173</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174"><i>174</i></a></li> + +<li>Lambeth Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.388">388</a></li> + +<li>Landgravine, Princess Elisabeth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.212">212</a></li> + +<li>Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry (1802-1873), +<ul class="index1"><li>artist, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.396">396</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.397">397</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Langdale, Lord, Master of the Rolls, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.335">335</a></li> + +<li>Lansdowne, Marquess of, Lord President of the Council, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.236">236</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.237">237</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Government crisis, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.290">290</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.308">308</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.310">310</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>-417;</li> +<li>in the Cabinet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.424">424</a>;</li> +<li>Reform Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.58">58</a>;</li> +<li>formation of the Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.85">85</a>-89, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.90">90</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.94">94</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98,</a> <a class="index" href="#pageiii.102">102</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>his ministerial life, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104"><i>104</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>declines a dukedom, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.246"><i>246</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Laporte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a></li> + +<li>La Susse, French Admiral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.26">26</a></li> + +<li>Lavradio, M., Portuguese statesman, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.58">58</a></li> + +<li>Law, administration of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.67">67</a></li> + +<li>—— Lords, want of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a></li> + +<li>Lawrence, Sir Henry, Military Administrator at Oudh, death at Lucknow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.242">242</a></li> + +<li>Lawrence, Mrs George, courage of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir J., Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.286">286</a></li> + +<li>Layard, Mr, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.376">376</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a>-447</li> + +<li>Lee, Dr James Prince (afterwards Bishop of Manchester), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a></li> + +<li>Leeke, Admiral Sir Henry, capture of Bushire, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a></li> + +<li>Lefevre, Mr Shaw (afterwards Viscount Eversley), Speaker, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141">141</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.176">176</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.230">230</a></li> + +<li>Lefroy, John Henry, Inspector-General of Army Schools, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.220">220</a></li> + +<li>Lehzen, Baroness (Queen's governess), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.224">224</a></li> + +<li>Leicester, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.350">350</a></li> + +<li>Leigh, Mr Pemberton (afterwards Lord Kingsdown), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.284">284</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>declines Lord Chancellorship, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Leiningen, House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9"><i>9</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Prince of, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Prince Charles of (son of above), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.120">120</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.126">126</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.216"><i>216</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Princess Feodore, <i>see</i> Feodore</li> + +<li>Leith, proposed dockyard at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a></li> + +<li>Le Marchant, Sir John Gaspard, Lieut. Gov. of Nova Scotia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.189">189</a></li> + +<li>Lennox, Lady Caroline, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Leopold, Prince (afterwards Duke of Albany), birth, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.444">444</a></li> + +<li>—— Duke of Brabant (afterwards 2nd King of the Belgians), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a></li> + +<li>—— 1st King of the Belgians, birth and parentage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's reminiscences of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>;</li> +<li>kindness to Duchess of Kent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>;</li> +<li>influence on, and kindness to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.23">23</a>;</li> +<li>in the Russian army, refusal of throne of Greece, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>;</li> +<li>accepts Belgian throne, gallantry in war, a model ruler, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.23">23</a>;</li> +<li>nature of correspondence with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.27"><i>27</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's first letter to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.32">32</a>;</li> +<li>valuable advice to Queen Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.37">37</a>;</li> +<li>newspaper abuse of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>birth of second son, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.63">63</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.91">91</a>;</li> +<li>Belgian interests, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.151">151</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.153">153</a>;</li> +<li>England and France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>-251;</li> +<li>views on dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.282">282</a>-289;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.493">493</a>;</li> +<li>friendship with Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.10">10</a>;</li> +<li>views on Czar's visit to England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>letters on King Louis Philippe's visit to England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.25">25</a>;</li> +<li>birthday letter to the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.39">39</a>;</li> +<li>on state of Germany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>;</li> +<li>failure of insurrection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172"><i>172</i></a>;</li> +<li>Louis Bonaparte, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>state of France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.238">238</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.342">342</a>;</li> +<li>on death of Sir Robert Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.255">255</a>; +<span class="pagenum"><a name="page498" id="page498"></a>[page 498]</span></li> +<li>illness of Queen Louise, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.266">266</a>;</li> +<li>the Sovereign "People," ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">379</a>;</li> +<li>on Victor Hugo, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a>;</li> +<li>on death of Duke of Wellington, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.395">395</a>;</li> +<li>the Empress of the French, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.436">436</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.443">443</a>;</li> +<li>Press attacks on Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>visits the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.133">133</a>;</li> +<li>on the conclusion of the war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.172">172</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a>;</li> +<li>review of Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.198"><i>198</i></a>;</li> +<li>as to decorating Duke of Westmorland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.202">202</a>;</li> +<li>Princess Charlotte's proposed marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207">207</a>;</li> +<li>on death of Prince Charles of Leiningen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.216">216</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of Princess Charlotte, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>on the Queen's visit to Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.295">295</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's desire for war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.315">315</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.386">386</a>;</li> +<li>Prince of Wales's visit to Canada, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>Volunteer Review in Hyde Park, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406"><i>406</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.414">414</a>;</li> +<li>death of Duchess of Kent, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>-439, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.451">451</a>;</li> +<li>sympathy for Prince Consort's illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.471">471</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.472">472</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.98">98</a></li> + +<li>Letters, Sunday delivery, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a></li> + +<li>Lévis, Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.507">507</a></li> + +<li>Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, Chancellor of Exchequer, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Stamp Duties Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>;</li> +<li>Budget, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>;</li> +<li>Income Tax, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.255">255</a>;</li> +<li>Home Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.348">348</a>;</li> +<li>St Juan dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.373">373</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Lhuys, M. Drouyn de, French Foreign Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.262">262</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Russian loan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.35">35</a>;</li> +<li>Austria's proposed terms of Crimean settlement and resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Liberals (<i>see</i> Whigs), small majority, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.176">176</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>gains at election, 1839, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.126">126</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston's followers, the Liberal Party, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110"><i>110</i></a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.291">291</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.292"><i>292</i></a>;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.344">344</a>-349</li></ul></li> + +<li>Liddell, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Liechtenstein, Prince and Princess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.433">433</a></li> + +<li>Liège, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453">453</a></li> + +<li>Lieven, <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'Pincess'">Princess</ins> de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.85">85</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.88">88</a></li> + +<li>Ligne, Prince de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.109">109</a></li> + +<li>Lincoln, Abraham, President, United States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Bishop of (John Kaye), report as to Queen's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>-16</li> + +<li>—— Earl of (<ins title="Transcriber's Note: January 1851; i.e., after page 284, Vol. II.">afterwards</ins> fifth Duke of Newcastle), +Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.466">466</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.294">294</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.300">300</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.346">346</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.350">350</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.354">354</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.360"><i>360</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.448">448</a>-449, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.455"><i>455</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.471">471</a>;</li> +<li>Secretary of State for War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>Marshal St Arnaud, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>hospital at Scutari, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a>;</li> +<li>Lord J. Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.73">73</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.75">75</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.80">80</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.91">91</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>;</li> +<li>Knight of the Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.156">156</a>;</li> +<li>refuses to join Government of 1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.271">271</a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>tour with Prince of Wales, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.405"><i>405</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.414">414</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Lind, Jenny, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a></li> + +<li>Lindley, Dr, Irish Commissioner on potato disease, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a></li> + +<li>Lindsay, Lady Charlotte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a></li> + +<li>Lisbon, revolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.54">54</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>run on the bank of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90"><i>90</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Liverpool, bank failures, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131"><i>131</i></a></li> + +<li>—— third Earl of, biography of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50"><i>50</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.165">165</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Steward, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.169">169</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>death of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Llanover, Baron, <i>see</i> Hall, Sir B.</li> + +<li>Lloyd, Thomas Davies, Baronetage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a></li> + +<li>Lochnager, Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.322">322</a></li> + +<li>Loftus, Lord A., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a></li> + +<li>Login, Sir John, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.248">248</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.286">286</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Lombardy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183"><i>183</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186"><i>186</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.194">194</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.198">198</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ceded to Sardinia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>London, Bishop of (C. J. Blomfield), report on Queen's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>-16, +<ul class="index1"><li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>Papal aggression, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.281">281</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a>;</li> +<li>(A. C. Tait), Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Londonderry, Marquis of, Ambassador at Vienna, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Garter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Longley, Charles Thomas, Bishop of Durham (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a></li> + +<li>Lonsdale, John (Bishop of Lichfield), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35"><i>35</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Earl of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a></li> + +<li>Loodiana, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Lords, House of, increase of appellate jurisdiction, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>powers in Money Bills, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>throw out Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>privilege resolutions, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Justices, question of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a></li> + +<li>Louis XVIII., character of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.53">53</a></li> + +<li>Louis Napoleon, <i>see</i> Napoleon</li> + +<li>—— Philippe, King of the French, biography of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Belgian throne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>;</li> +<li>attempted assassination of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.243">243</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>letters to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.77">77</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.57">57</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.78">78</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.146">146</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.160">160</a>;</li> +<li>proposed visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.181">181</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182">182</a>; ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>-22;</li> +<li>and English Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>letter from the Queen on resignation of Sir R. Peel and reply, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.69">69</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.78">78</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>the Spanish marriages, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.102">102</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.105">105</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>abdication, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148"><i>148</i></a>;</li> +<li>death of his sister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.143">143</a>-147;</li> +<li>flight of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149">149</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.152">152</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.153">153</a>-165;</li> +<li>gratitude to the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.160">160</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a>;</li> +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page499" id="page499"></a>[page 499]</span>Queen Victoria's view of his policy, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170">170</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a>;</li> +<li>position of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.177">177</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>illness and death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.238">238</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>compared with Napoleon III. in knowledge, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.124">124</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Louis, Prince, of Hesse (afterwards Grand Duke Louis IV.), engagement to Princess Alice, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.419">419</a></li> + +<li>—— Mrs (Queen's dresser), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.110">110</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.111">111</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Louisa, Princess, of Hesse, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358">358</a></li> + +<li>Louise (Queen of the Belgians), marriage and correspondence with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.28"><i>28</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>her character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>letter on the Queen's engagement, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>on death of the Duke of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.413">413</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.414">414</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>on her father's visit to England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a>;</li> +<li>sorrow at Madame Adélaïde's death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.143">143</a>-145;</li> +<li>French Revolution and her father's flight, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>illness, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.266">266</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.266">266</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267"><i>267</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.271">271</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Princess, of Belgium, birth, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397">397</a></li> + +<li>Löwenstein, Prince William of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a></li> + +<li>Loyd, Mr Jones (afterwards Lord Overstone), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a></li> + +<li>Lucan, Lord, censure on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Lucca, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a></li> + +<li>Lucknow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.177">177</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>mutiny and siege of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.238">238</a>;</li> +<li>relief of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.248"><i>248</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.259">259</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Luitpold of Bavaria, Prince, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>Lushington, Dr Stephen, Admiralty Judge, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.277">277</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>refuses a life peerage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.284">284</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a>;</li> +<li>on right to search ships, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Luxemburg, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a></li> + +<li>Lyndhurst, Lord, Lord Chancellor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a> +<ul class="index1"><li>on Russia's aggressiveness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.35"><i>35</i></a>;</li> +<li>title of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.197"><i>197</i></a>;</li> +<li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Lynedoch, Lord, death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a></li> + +<li>Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell, K.C.B. (afterwards Earl Lyons), the Pope's appreciation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310">310</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>United States dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Edmund, commands Mediterranean Fleet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116"><i>116</i></a></li> + +<li>Lyttelton, Lady (governess to the Royal children), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.390"><i>390</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.394">394</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a></li> + +<li>Lytton, <i>see</i> Bulwer Lytton</li> + </ul> + + + + <a name="M" id="M"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>M'Caskill, Sir John, death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>M'Culloch, Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a></li> + +<li>Macaulay, T. B. (afterwards Lord Macaulay), Secretary at War, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>China debate, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>in favour of dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>on Somnauth Proclamation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a>;</li> +<li>Maynooth grant, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37"><i>37</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat at Edinburgh, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.126">126</a>;</li> +<li>peerage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.245">245</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Macdonald, Captain, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.462"><i>462</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Lt.-Col. Hon. Bosville, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.70">70</a></li> + +<li>—— Miss, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a></li> + +<li>Macmahon, Mr, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a></li> + +<li>Macnaghten, Sir William, envoy at Cabul, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.386">386</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>MacNaghten, Daniel, assassin, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.455">455</a>-459; +<ul class="index1"><li>pronounced insane, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.468">468</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>MacNeill, Sir John, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Madiai, release of the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.443">443</a></li> + +<li>Magenis, Arthur Charles (afterwards Sir), Minister at Stockholm, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.133"><i>133</i></a></li> + +<li>Magenta, Duc de, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.461">461</a></li> + +<li>Magnan, Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Mahmoud, Sultan, war with Pasha of Egypt, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>successor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182">182</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Mahon, Lord (afterwards fifth Earl Stanhope), <i>History of England</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.436">436</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.449">449</a></li> + +<li>Malakhoff batteries, attack on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, + <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129"><i>129</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Duc de, <i>see</i> Pélissier</li> + +<li>Malcolm, Major, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.446">446</a></li> + +<li>Malegnano, Austrians defeated at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li> + +<li>Malmesbury, Earl of, memoirs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.2"><i>2</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.372">372</a>-374, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.397">397</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406"><i>406</i></a>;</li> +<li>secret protocol, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>;</li> +<li>question of Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>-410, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272"><i>272</i></a>;</li> +<li>Orsini incident, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.273">273</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274">274</a>;</li> +<li>Danish Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.280">280</a>;</li> +<li>and Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.305">305</a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress to settle Italian difficulties, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.325">325</a>-335, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.341"><i>341</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.363"><i>363</i></a>;</li> +<li>Peers and Money Bills, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston's Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Malta, English Church for, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.138">138</a></li> + +<li>Maltby, Dr Edward, Bishop of Durham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122"><i>122</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a></li> + +<li>Mamelon, capture of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a></li> + +<li>Manchester, riot, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.422">422</a>-424; +<ul class="index1"><li>Chartist fiasco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Duchess of (afterwards Duchess of Devonshire), Mistress of the Robes, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a></li> + +<li>Mangles, Mr, of East India Company, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Mann, Sir Horace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.389">389</a></li> + +<li>Manners, Lord John (afterwards seventh Duke of Rutland), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17"><i>17</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Commissioner of Works, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>on John Bright, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.394"><i>394</i></a>;</li> +<li>on new Foreign Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Manning, Marie, her execution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269"><i>269</i></a></li> + +<li>Mansfield, Colonel, military adviser at Constantinople, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a></li> + +<li>—— Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a></li> + +<li>Manteuffel, Baron, President of Prussian Ministry, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19"><i>19</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.181"><i>181</i></a></li> + +<li>Maria, Donna, <i>see</i> Portugal, Queen of</li> + +<li>Mario, opera singer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253">253</a></li> + +<li>Maritime Law, International, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.183"><i>183</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page500" id="page500"></a>[page 500]</span> +Markham, General, death, of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.153">153</a></li> + +<li>Marmora, General La, Sardinian General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66"><i>66</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a></li> + +<li>Maronites, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li> + +<li>Marriage Act, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a></li> + +<li>Marston, North, repair of church, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392"><i>392</i></a></li> + +<li>Martin, Rev. Francis, bursar, Trinity Coll., Cambridge, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.348">348</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Theodore, <i>Life of Prince Consort</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.41"><i>41</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.137"><i>137</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>last draft prepared by Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Mary, Princess, <i>see</i> Gloucester, Duchess of</li> + +<li>—— of Cambridge, Princess (afterwards Duchess of Teck), + proposed marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206"><i>206</i></a>, + <a class="index" href="#pageiii.209">209</a></li> + +<li>Maryborough, Lady, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.223">223</a></li> + +<li>Mason, Mr, Confederate Envoy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>Mathew, Father, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.88">88</a></li> + +<li>Maule, Mr Fox, <i>see</i> Panmure, Lord</li> + +<li>Maundy money, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a></li> + +<li>Maurice, Rev. F. D., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.46">46</a></li> + +<li>Maximilian, Archduke, <i>see</i> Ferdinand</li> + +<li>Mayne, Richard, Commissioner of Police, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a></li> + +<li>Maynooth Roman Catholic College, grant, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.36">36</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.75">75</a></li> + +<li>Mazzini, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a></li> + +<li>Mecklenburg, Prince Charles of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a></li> + +<li>Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Frederic William, Grand Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435"><i>435</i></a></li> + +<li>Medals, Peninsular, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>-113; +<ul class="index1"><li>East India Company, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56">56</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>distribution of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.127">127</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> + +<li>Medjid, Abdul, Sultan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182">182</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>interview with Duke of Cambridge, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.27">27</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Meer Shere Mahommed, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.481">481</a></li> + +<li>Meerut, revolt at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a></li> + +<li>Melbourne, Viscount, Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's confidence in and appreciation of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.158">158</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.159">159</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.174">174</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.189">189</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Queen on accession, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>arrangements for King William IV.'s funeral, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.80">80</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.81">81</a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's appreciation of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.81">81</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.82">82</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.87">87</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.116">116</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.175">175</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Duke of Wellington's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a>;</li> +<li>indisposition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92">92</a>;</li> +<li>Canadian troubles, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.98">98</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.99">99</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.103">103</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.127">127</a>-129, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.135">135</a>-137;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>;</li> +<li>Coronation arrangements, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.114">114</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>Belgium and Holland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.118">118</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.135">135</a>;</li> +<li>ceremony, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a>-125;</li> +<li>Cabinet crisis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.154">154</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.155">155</a>;</li> +<li>advises the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.156">156</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.160">160</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.161">161</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.162">162</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.164">164</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's distress at parting, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.156">156</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.159">159</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's refusal of Peel's terms, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.167">167</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's declaration, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>Turco-Egyptian Convention, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>-232;</li> +<li>overtures to France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.231">231</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern difficulties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.237">237</a>-239;</li> +<li>criticism on his future correspondence with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.330">330</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.331">331</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.340">340</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.353">353</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.360">360</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.361">361</a>;</li> +<li>Ministry in jeopardy, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.268">268</a>-287;</li> +<li>dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>takes leave of the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.306">306</a>;</li> +<li>portrait of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.333">333</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.337">337</a>;</li> +<li>on division of high offices of State, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.357">357</a>;</li> +<li>address from Derby, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.369">369</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.371">371</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.372">372</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.451">451</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>;</li> +<li>serious illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.438">438</a>;</li> +<li>on his health, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.449">449</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.453">453</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.458">458</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.462">462</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.467">467</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.474">474</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>;</li> +<li>on old age, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.8">8</a>;</li> +<li>opinion of Emperor of Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>crisis in Parliament, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.18">18</a>;</li> +<li>on Scotland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letters to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.36">36</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a>;</li> +<li>Sir R. Peel's resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.51">51</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.52">52</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.67">67</a>;</li> +<li>political views of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.92">92</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's advance of money to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.140"><i>140</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's birthday congratulations to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.164">164</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.203">203</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Melvill, Sir James, Chief Secretary, East India Company, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.299">299</a></li> + +<li>Mendizabal, Don Juan Alvarez y, Spanish statesman, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Menschikoff, Prince, the Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.442">442</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a></li> + +<li>Mensdorff-Pouilly, Comte Emmanuel de, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.396">396</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.404">404</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.333">333</a></li> + +<li>Meredith, Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48"><i>48</i></a></li> + +<li>Metcalfe, Sir Charles (afterwards Lord), Governor-General of Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.454">454</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.508">508</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>retirement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.46">46</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.94">94</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Metchersky, Princess, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.387">387</a></li> + +<li>Metternich, Prince, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.192">192</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.231">231</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.236">236</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.359">359</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.512">512</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.114">114</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>a fugitive, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170">170</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.171">171</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.370">370</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.375">375</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.412"><i>412</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Meyendorff, Baron, Austrian Foreign Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.457"><i>457</i></a></li> + +<li>Meyer, Miss Eugénie, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.461">461</a></li> + +<li>Michael, Grand Duke, visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.494">494</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a></li> + +<li>Miguel, Dom, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a></li> + +<li>Milan, surrender of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190"><i>190</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>insurrection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440"><i>440</i></a>;</li> +<li>French Emperor and King Emmanuel enter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Milanese rising against Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a></li> + +<li>Miles, Mr, M.P. for Bristol, on Sugar Duties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16"><i>16</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li> + +<li>Militia, reconstruction, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.367">367</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>;</li> +<li>carried, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440">440</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.71">71</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Milner Gibson, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Conspiracy Bill Debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265"><i>265</i></a>;</li> +<li>President of the Board of Trade, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.403">403</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Milnes, R. Monckton (afterwards Lord Houghton), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Ministers of State, duties of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.68">68</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.69">69</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page501" id="page501"></a>[page 501]</span> +Minto, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>special mission to the Vatican, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183"><i>183</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.236">236</a>;</li> +<li>Pope's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Modena, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a></li> + +<li>Mohammedan schools, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.29">29</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.251">251</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Moldavia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + +<li>Molé, Count, French Premier and Foreign Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.95">95</a></li> + +<li>Molesworth, Sir William, at the Office of Works, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>Board of Works, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.148"><i>148</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Monro, Major, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.315">315</a></li> + +<li>Montebello, battle of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li> + +<li>Montemolin, Count of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a></li> + +<li>Montijo, Mdlle. Eugènie de (Empress of the French), parentage, marriage to Napoleon, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.434"> <i>434</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435">435</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.436">436</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>;</li> +<li>visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117">117</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.122">122</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letter to, <i>re</i> Treaty of Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207">207</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.208">208</a>;</li> +<li>attempted assassination of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264"><i>264</i></a>;</li> +<li>tour in Scotland and England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.415"><i>415</i></a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.419">419</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Montjoye, Madame de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.165">165</a></li> + +<li>Montpensier, Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.24">24</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>engagement to the Infanta, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.100">100</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.102">102</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149"><i>149</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.164">164</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Montreal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.508">508</a></li> + +<li>Moodkee, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.75"><i>75</i></a></li> + +<li>Mooltan, insurrection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a></li> + +<li><i>Morning Chronicle</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.34"><i>34</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.463">463</a></li> + +<li><i>Morning Post</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.337">337</a></li> + +<li>Morocco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a></li> + +<li>Morpeth, Viscount (afterwards Earl of Carlisle), <i>see</i> Carlisle</li> + +<li>Morris, Mr, Governor of the Bank, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.129">129</a></li> + +<li>Morton, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.499">499</a></li> + +<li>Mouravieff, General, takes Kars fortress, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>Muich, Loch, Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.321">321</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a></li> + +<li>Municipal Corporations, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43">43</a></li> + +<li>Munro, Lieutenant, duel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485"><i>485</i></a></li> + +<li>Munster, Earl of, Governor of Windsor Castle, tragic death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.387">387</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.390">390</a></li> + +<li>Muntz, George Frederick, M.P., Birmingham, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a></li> + +<li>Murat, Madame de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.154">154</a></li> + +<li>—— Joachim, formerly King of Naples, iii.<a class="index" href="#pageiii.428"> <i>428</i></a></li> + +<li>Murray, Sir George, Commander-in-Chief for Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a></li> + +<li>—— George, Bishop of Rochester, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.417">417</a></li> + +<li>Muscat, Imam of, list of presents for the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.406">406</a></li> + +<li>Musgrave, Dr, Bishop of Hereford (afterwards Archbp. of York), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.135">135</a></li> + +<li>Mutiny Act, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a></li> +</ul> + + +<a name="N" id="N"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Naas, Lord (afterwards Earl of Mayo), +<ul class="index1"><li>Chief Secretary for Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Nagpur, annexation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.178"><i>178</i></a></li> + +<li>Nana Sahib, perfidy of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.238"><i>238</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.351">351</a></li> + +<li>Nanking, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442"><i>442</i></a></li> + +<li>Napier, Sir Charles (General), Scinde victory, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.481">481</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>G.C.B., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.484">484</a>;</li> +<li>Governor of Scinde, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.503"><i>503</i></a>;</li> +<li>receives the thanks of both Houses, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>succeeds Lord Gough, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.215">215</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.259">259</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Charles (Admiral), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.252"><i>252</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>commands the Baltic Fleet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.16"><i>16</i></a>;</li> +<li>capture of Bomarsund, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir George, Governor of Cape Colony, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.427">427</a></li> + +<li>Naples, cholera panic, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>slight on English Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.140">140</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.141">141</a>;</li> +<li>seizure of the <i>Cagliari</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>275</i></a>;</li> +<li>triumphal entry by King of Sardinia and Garibaldi, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>flight of Francis II., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380">380</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.408">408</a>;</li> +<li>revolution doctrines, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.383"><i>383</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397">397</a>;</li> +<li>absorption of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.428">428</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Francis II., King of, amnesty granted, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.311">311</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>letter to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.412">412</a>;</li> +<li>character, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Napoleon I., Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.139">139</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.354"><i>354</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Louis (afterwards Napoleon III., Emperor of the French), lands at Boulogne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.228">228</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>President of the French Republic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178">178</a>;</li> +<li>elections, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.205">205</a>;</li> +<li>writes to Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.210">210</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212">212</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>universal suffrage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>coup d'état</i> in Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-340;</li> +<li>assumes Imperial title, projected marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406"><i>406</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.360">360</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.378">378</a>;</li> +<li>title of Emperor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.389">389</a>;</li> +<li>his position, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>anecdote of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.397">397</a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's letter to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>annoyance with the Powers, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>;</li> +<li>his title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.433">433</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.442">442</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.434">434</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435"><i>435</i></a>;</li> +<li>interview with Prince Albert, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.6">6</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Duke of Cambridge, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>-26;</li> +<li>visit from Prince Albert, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.41"><i>41</i></a>;</li> +<li>visit to England with the Empress, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>Palmerston's letter to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.105"><i>105</i></a>;</li> +<li>proposes to take command at the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.111"><i>111</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111">111</a>;</li> +<li>visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117"><i>117</i></a>;</li> +<li>festivities and investiture, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117"><i>117</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.118">118</a>;</li> +<li>and reply, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.119">119</a>;</li> +<li>and Austria's proposed Crimean settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120"><i>120</i></a>;</li> +<li>attempts on his life, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.121">121</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.122">122</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.122">122</a>-126, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.138">138</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>-137;</li> +<li>attempt on his life, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>;</li> +<li>desire to terminate hostilities, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.150"><i>150</i></a>;</li> +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page502" id="page502"></a>[page 502]</span>correspondence with the Queen on the ultimatum, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.162">162</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.164">164</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.172">172</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>council of war at Paris, iii, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.165">165</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.169">169</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Lord Clarendon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175">175</a>;</li> +<li>birth of Prince Imperial, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.181">181</a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>on proposed marriage of Prince Frederick William of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>Egypt and Morocco, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>his feelings towards England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a>;</li> +<li>visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>attempted assassination of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264"><i>264</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the Carbonari Club, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.273">273</a>;</li> +<li>and Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.305">305</a>;</li> +<li>confederacy with Sardinia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.331"><i>331</i></a>;</li> +<li>entry into Milan, and conclusion of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>Napoléon et l'Italie</i>, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313"><i>313</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313">313</a>-315, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.321">321</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.332">332</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333"><i>333</i></a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.326">326</a>;</li> +<li>rumoured treaty with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.329">329</a>;</li> +<li>French victories, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.353"><i>353</i></a>;</li> +<li>conclusion and terms of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.354"><i>354</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.361"><i>361</i></a>;</li> +<li>annexation of Savoy and Nice, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.385">385</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.391">391</a>-393, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397">397</a>;</li> +<li>policy in Syria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>The Pope and the Congress</i> pamphlet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a>;</li> +<li>Italian policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.385">385</a>;</li> +<li>stormy interview with Lord Cowley, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.390">390</a>-394;</li> +<li>New Year's letter to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>;</li> +<li>reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.427">427</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.432">432</a>;</li> +<li>on death of Cavour, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441"><i>441</i></a>;</li> +<li>King of Sweden, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a>;</li> +<li>Mexico, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453">453</a>;</li> +<li>interview with King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467">467</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Bonaparte, Prince Jerome, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160"><i>160</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.331"><i>331</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Eugène Louis Jean Joseph, Prince Imperial, birth, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.181">181</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a></li> + +<li>Narvaez, General, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241"> 241</a></li> + +<li>Nasmyth, Lieutenant, siege of Silistria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Nassau, Prince of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205">205</a></li> + +<li>National Gallery, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a></li> + +<li>Navigation Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278"><i>278</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184">184</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li> repeal of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Navy, African squadron, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Admiralty appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.373">373</a>;</li> +<li>national defences, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>;</li> +<li>bombardment of Odessa, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.26">26</a>;</li> +<li>Bomarsund, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>;</li> +<li>battle of the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>Balaklava and Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>hurricane at Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56"><i>56</i></a>;</li> +<li>second Baltic expedition, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>want of a dockyard in Scotland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a>;</li> +<li>retrenchments, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>position of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>peace establishment, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>fleet sent to Black Sea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a>;</li> +<li>want of ships and state of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.242">242</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.279">279</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>;</li> +<li>use for Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.250">250</a>;</li> +<li>proposed increase, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.312">312</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.330">330</a>;</li> +<li>change in naval uniform, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.402">402</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Neild, J. C., leaves fortune to Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a></li> + +<li>Neill, General, death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.259">259</a></li> + +<li>Neipperg, Count, marriage i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a></li> + +<li>Nelson, Lord, proposed pension for children of his adopted daughter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.40">40</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.41">41</a></li> + +<li>Nemours, Duchesse de, <i>see</i> Victoire, Princess</li> + +<li>—— Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.63">63</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.65">65</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>at Constantin, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149"><i>149</i></a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.414">414</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.495">495</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.498">498</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.506">506</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.153">153</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.154">154</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.164">164</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.173">173</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.185">185</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.354">354</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.360">360</a>; +iii.<a class="index" href="#pageiii.6"> 6</a>;</li> +<li>death of his wife, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254"><i>254</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Nesselrode, Count, Russian Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.456">456</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a></li> + +<li>Netherlands, King of the, <i>see</i> Holland, King William Second of</li> + +<li>Neuchâtel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.138">138</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>rising in canton of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.214"><i>214</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Neuilly, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Neumann, M. de, Austrian Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.46">46</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.497">497</a></li> + +<li>Newcastle, Duke of, <i>see</i> Lincoln, Earl of</li> + +<li>New Forest, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.282">282</a></li> + +<li>Newhaven, King Louis Philippe's flight to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.159">159</a></li> + +<li>Newman, Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a></li> + +<li>Newport, riot at, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201">201</a></li> + +<li>New Zealand, native troubles, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>constitution granted, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.357"><i>357</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ney, Edgar, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a></li> + +<li>—— General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a></li> + +<li>Nice, annexation to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.385"><i>385</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.391">391</a>-393, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397">397</a></li> + +<li>Nicholas, <i>see</i> Russia, Emperor of</li> + +<li>—— Prince, of Nassau, visit to the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.354">354</a></li> + +<li>Nicholson, General, death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a></li> + +<li>Nicolas, Grand Duke, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.457">457</a></li> + +<li>Nicols, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Jasper, Commander-in-Chief, India, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a></li> + +<li>Nightingale, Miss Florence, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>arrival at Scutari, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.62"><i>62</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letter of thanks to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.170">170</a>;</li> +<li>presentation to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.170"><i>170</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Nine Elms Station, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133">133</a></li> + +<li>Ningpo, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a></li> + +<li>Norbury, Lord, assassination of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a></li> + +<li>Norfolk, Duchess of (governess to Royal children), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.397">397</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.484">484</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Papal brief, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.277">277</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Duke of, Coronation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>refusal of Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Normanby, Marquess of, Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.129">129</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Home Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>Lord-Lieut. of Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.143">143</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>: +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.100">100</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.104">104;</a></li> +<li>Ambassador-Extraordinary at Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a>;</li> +<li><i>coup d'état</i>, Paris, ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-341;</li> +<li>Palmerston's conduct to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.336">336</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.338">338</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.341">341</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.354">354</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="page503" id="page503"></a>[page 503]</span></li></ul></li> + +<li>Normanby, Marchioness of, <i>coup d'état</i> in Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.336">336</a>-341</li> + +<li>Normandy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a></li> + +<li>North, Colonel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord (afterwards Earl of Guilford), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a></li> + +<li>Northumberland, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.305">305</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a></li> + +<li>—— Duchess of, first Lady-in-Waiting to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.64">64</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ill-health, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Norton, Mrs. ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48"><i>48</i></a></li> + +<li>Norway and Sweden, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134"><i>134</i></a>. <i>See</i> also Sweden</li> + +<li>Nott, General (afterwards Sir William), Afghanistan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402"><i>402</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.443"><i>443</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a></li> + +<li>Nottingham election, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.264">264</a></li> + +<li>Novara, battle of, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219"> 219</a></li> + +<li>Nuneham, Queen's Visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291">291</a></li> + </ul> + + + + <a name="O" id="O"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Oaths Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + +<li>O'Brien, Smith, Young Ireland agitation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a></li> + +<li><i>Ocean Monarch</i>, emigrant ship, burnt, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193"><i>193</i></a></li> + +<li>O'Connell, Daniel, agitator, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130">130</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.425">425</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>arrest, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.496">496</a>;</li> +<li>release, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.8">8</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>O'Connor, Feargus, people's charter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Kennington Common meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.169">169</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Odessa, bombardment of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.27"><i>27</i></a></li> + +<li>Olozaga, Mons., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51">51</a></li> + +<li>Oltenitza, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a></li> + +<li>Omar Pasha, Turkish Commander, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.31"><i>31</i></a></li> + +<li>Opera, Queen at the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.14">14</a></li> + +<li>Oporto, Louis, Duc de, brother to King Pedro V of Portugal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.332">332</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.459"><i>459</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.465">465</a></li> + +<li>Orange, Prince of, <i>see</i> Holland</li> + +<li>—— Prince William Nicholas of (son of King William), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a></li> + +<li>——-River Free State, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.201">201</a></li> + +<li>Orders, right of British subjects to accept Foreign, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a></li> + +<li>Oregon, end of boundary dispute, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a></li> + +<li>Orleanists, and French Revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.148">148</a>-162; +<ul class="index1"><li>blunders of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.164">164</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Orleans, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.63">63</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.94">94</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.408">408</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.409">409</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.416">416</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Duchess of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334"><i>334</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Princess Louise of, <i>see</i> Belgians, Queen of</li> + +<li>—— Princess Marie of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.65">65</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage and death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— family, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.321">321</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.360">360</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">379</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.139">139</a></li> + +<li>Orloff, Princess, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.387">387</a></li> + +<li>—— Count, Russian Ambassador, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.86">86</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.204">204</a></li> + +<li>Orsini, of the Carbonari Society, execution of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264"><i>264</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a></li> + +<li>Osborne, Ralph Bernal, Secretary of the Admiralty, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.423">423</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.275">275</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.444">444</a></li> + +<li>—— Queen's purchase of, ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35">35</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.36">36</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's occupation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Oscar, Prince, of Sweden, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397">397</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">447</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.450">450</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Otho, King of Greece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.199">199</a></li> + +<li>Oudh, placed under British control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.176">176</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.238">238</a>;</li> +<li>Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Oudinot, Gen., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387"><i>387</i></a></li> + +<li>Oultremont, Countess de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.210"><i>210</i></a></li> + +<li>Outram, General (afterwards Sir James), war with Persia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159">159</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'annxation'">annexation</ins> of +Oudh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.177"><i>177</i></a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.249">249</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.255">255</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh, Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.291">291</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Overstone, Lord, <i>see</i> Loyd</li> + +<li>Oxford, Bishop of, <i>see</i> Wilberforce</li> + +<li>—— tracts, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.373">373</a></li> + +<li>Owen, Sir Edward, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384">384</a></li> + </ul> + + <a name="P" id="P"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Pacifico, Don, Claim against Greek Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239">239</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240"><i>240</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243"><i>243</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252">252</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253"><i>253</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256"><i>256</i></a></li> + + +<li>Paget, General Sir Edward, G.C.B., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Adelaide, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord, Lord Melbourne's page, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a></li> + +<li>Pakenham, Sir R., Minister at Lisbon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a></li> + +<li>Pakington, Sir John (afterwards Lord Hampton), First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.280">280</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>French naval preparations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.328">328</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Palermo, occupation of, by Garibaldi, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li> + +<li>Palmella, Duc de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a></li> + +<li>Palmer, Colonel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402"><i>402</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Roundell, Solicitor-General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467">467</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a></li> + +<li>Palmerston, Viscount, his political power and views, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.30"><i>30</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.54">54</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>;</li> +<li>speech on Spanish affairs, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.82">82</a>;</li> +<li>visits Queen Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92">92</a>;</li> +<li>power of officials in public offices, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.113">113</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.119">119</a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.143">143</a>;</li> +<li>Belgium and Holland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201">201</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern crisis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227"><i>227</i></a>-240;</li> +<li>views on France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.233">233</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.246">246</a>;</li> +<li>China and opium trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.261">261</a>;</li> +<li>votes for dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li><i>Morning Chronicle</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Grey, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>possible Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.60">60</a>;</li> +<li>desire for peace, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Aberdeen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>Spanish marriage question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90"><i>90</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>-103, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>incurs Queen's displeasure, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.136">136</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.171">171</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182">182</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>-236, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241">241</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>attack on Portuguese Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179"><i>179</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.180">180</a>;</li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page504" id="page504"></a>[page 504]</span>anti-Austrian sympathy, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182">182</a>;</li> +<li>France and Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193"><i>193</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord Normanby's appointment to Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.189">189</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a>;</li> +<li>Italian policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a>;</li> +<li>despatch about Greece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.199">199</a>;</li> +<li>supplies arms to insurgents, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.211"><i>211</i></a>;</li> +<li>proposed removal of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.212">212</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>;</li> +<li>methods for redress of wrongs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>hostility against Greece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>Haynau trouble, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a>-240, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243"><i>243</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244"><i>244</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252">252</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253"><i>253</i></a>;</li> +<li>draft to Greece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234">234</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Consort's memoranda on his Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>;</li> +<li>and Spain, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>Lord J. Russell's offer to resign, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a>;</li> +<li>speech on Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252">252</a>;</li> +<li>Schleswig draft, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.258">258</a>;</li> +<li>removal of, considered, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>-263;</li> +<li>Press attacks on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>;</li> +<li>duties of a Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>;</li> +<li>Haynau despatch, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>-270;</li> +<li>Austria and Prussia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a>;</li> +<li>reception of Kossuth, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.325">325</a>-331;</li> +<li>Louis Napoleon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li>diplomatic changes, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.312">312</a>;</li> +<li><i>coup d'état</i>, approval of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">334</a>-341;</li> +<li>difference with Lord Normanby, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-340;</li> +<li>dismissal from office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.342">342</a>-349;</li> +<li>inconsistency of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a>;</li> +<li>absence from Council explained, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.350">350</a>;</li> +<li>explanation in the House, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>-364;</li> +<li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.367"><i>367</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.385">385</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>;</li> +<li>refusal to serve under Lord Derby, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.369">369</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.370">370</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord John Russell, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.378">378</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">379</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.382">382</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.58">58</a>;</li> +<li>power to appoint Commander-in-Chief, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.394">394</a>;</li> +<li>his aims, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>Home Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.420">420</a>;</li> +<li>illness, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428">428</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.430">430</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>;</li> +<li>peculiar position of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.451">451</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.457">457</a>;</li> +<li>objection to Reform proposals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.465">465</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.466">466</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.23">23</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.467">467</a>;</li> +<li>withdraws his resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.472"><i>472</i></a>;</li> +<li>speech at Reform Club, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.26"><i>26</i></a>;</li> +<li>Austrian alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a>,</li> +<li>and the War Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.57">57</a>;</li> +<li>forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>;</li> +<li>Premier, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>-78;</li> +<li>position on Lord Derby's and Lord John Russell's failure to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.84">84</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.87">87</a>-96;</li> +<li>forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>-104;</li> +<li>letter to Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.105"><i>105</i></a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Committee, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131">131</a>;</li> +<li>Neapolitan affront, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's congratulations on Treaty of Peace, 1856, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.186">186</a>;</li> +<li>made K.G., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.187">187</a>;</li> +<li>condition of defence, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192"><i>192</i></a>;</li> +<li>obtains majority in House of Commons, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>résumé</i> of events, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.225">225</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.226">226</a>;</li> +<li>dissolution on China War debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.229">229</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"> <i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.241">241</a>-248;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.255">255</a>-257;</li> +<li>Ministry defeated over right of asylum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266">266</a>-268;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.279">279</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.288">288</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290">290</a>;</li> +<li>his unpopularity, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.300">300</a>;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>reconciliation with Lord J. Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.344">344</a>-348;</li> +<li>foreign affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324"><i>324</i></a>;</li> +<li>and John Bright, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.350"><i>350</i></a>;</li> +<li>Committee on Military Departments, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.351">351</a>;</li> +<li>differences with the Queen on Italian policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.361">361</a>-373; +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.374">374</a>-378;</li> +<li>Peers and Money Bills, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>W. E. Gladstone's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.402">402</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>privilege resolution, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>proposed visit of Emperor of Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>appointments of bishops, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a>;</li> +<li>overtures from Conservative leaders, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>;</li> +<li><i>résumé</i> of political situation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.422">422</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.429">429</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.427">427</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.428">428</a>;</li> +<li>Garibaldi letter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.432">432</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.434">434</a>;</li> +<li>presses for Mr Layard's appointment, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a>-447;</li> +<li><i>Times</i> newspaper, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.462">462</a>-464</li></ul></li> + +<li>Panmure, Lord (Mr <i>Fox</i> Maule), afterwards Earl of Dalhousie, Under Secretary for Home Office, <br /> +and Secretary for War, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.221">221</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.345">345</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>War Minister, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.90">90</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>Crimean medals, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>;</li> +<li>fall of Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a>;</li> +<li>G.C.B., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>;</li> +<li>Land Transport, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.157">157</a>;</li> +<li>no troops at the camp, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a>;</li> +<li>increase of Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.256">256</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.260">260</a>;</li> +<li>new Cabinet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Panshanger, Earl Cowper's residence, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.151">151</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.296">296</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Papal aggression, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.272">272</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.277">277</a>-282, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.294">294</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.299">299</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.307">307</a></li> + +<li>Paper Duties, Bill for Abolition of, thrown out, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>passed, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Paris, Comte de, birth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.243"><i>243</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>christening, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.266">266</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.267">267</a>;</li> +<li>Federal Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.453">453</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— question of an Ambassador, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.189">189</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><i>coup d'état</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-340;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160"><i>160</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.167">167</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.207">207</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208">208</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.214"><i>214</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Parke, Baron (afterwards Lord Wensleydale), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.419">419</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a></li> + +<li>Parker, Admiral Sir Wm., successes in China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.441">441</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>G.C.B., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>commands Mediterranean fleet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235"><i>235</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Society, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.259">259</a></li> + +<li>Parks, the Royal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.259">259</a></li> + +<li>Parliament, new Houses of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a></li> + +<li>Parliamentary reform, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>Parma, Duke of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174">174</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page505" id="page505"></a>[page 505]</span>Parma, Duchess of, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.355">355</a></li> + +<li>Pasha, the Capitan, treachery of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a></li> + +<li>—— of Egypt, <i>see</i> Mehemet Ali</li> + +<li>—— Omar, <i>see</i> Omar</li> + +<li>Passport Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a></li> + +<li>Pate, Robert, assault on the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a></li> + +<li>Patriotic Fund, established, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a></li> + +<li>Paul, Captain, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.158">158</a></li> + +<li>Paxton, Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a></li> + +<li>Pedro, Dom, Emperor of Brazil, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Prince (afterwards King of Portugal, King Pedro V.); +<ul class="index1"><li>proposed marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.207"><i>207</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.211">211</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.332"><i>332</i></a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.465">465</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Peel, Captain, of the <i>Shannon</i>, gallantry at relief of Lucknow, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.250"><i>252</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Lady (wife of Sir Robert Peel), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.280">280</a></li> + +<li>—— Rev. John, Dean of Worcester, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.40">40</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.41">41</a></li> + +<li>—— General Jonathan, War Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.321">321</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Robert, in opposition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a> +<ul class="index1"><li>Glasgow speech, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.58">58</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.60">60</a>;</li> +<li>Hume's attack on, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.60">60</a>;</li> +<li>sent for by the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.218">218</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.466">466</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>Jamaica Government, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.153">153</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.155">155</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.156">156</a>;</li> +<li>request to form a Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.158">158</a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's impression of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.159">159</a>;</li> +<li>difficulties as to appointment of Queen's Household, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.159">159</a>-173, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.268">268</a>-274;</li> +<li>and the United States, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Melbourne's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.161">161</a>;</li> +<li>Free Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.279">279</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>vote of censure, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.286">286</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.302">302</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.305">305</a>;</li> +<li>Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>interview with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Roman Catholics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.365">365</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.462">462</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.64">64</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>resignation and interview with Prince Albert, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.51">51</a>;</li> +<li>his attitude, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.53">53</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.54">54</a>;</li> +<li>returned to office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.58">58</a>-66;</li> +<li>comprehensive scheme, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>speech on opening of Parliament, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.73">73</a>;</li> +<li>objection to Prince Albert's memo, of their conversation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>personal defence, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a>;</li> +<li>account of his speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>;</li> +<li>takes leave of the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>;</li> +<li>and Prince Albert, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.93">93</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>supports the Ministry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123"><i>123</i></a>;</li> +<li>accident and death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253"><i>253</i></a>-255</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Frederick (afterwards Right Hon. Sir Frederick), maiden speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a></li> + +<li>Peelites, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.359">359</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404"><i>404</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>position in Government of 1852, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.414">414</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.75">75</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.82">82</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.85">85</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.88">88</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.94">94</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.101">101</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.108">108</a>;</li> +<li>retirement of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>;</li> +<li>Chinese debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>conspiracy debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266">266</a>;</li> +<li>return to power, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Peers, right of audience, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.335">335</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.343">343</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>powers in Money Bills, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pélissier, General (afterwards Duc de Malakhoff), Commander of the French army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129"><i>129</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's congratulations to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a>;</li> +<li>becomes Duc de Malakhoff, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143"><i>143</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333"><i>333</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pennefather, Chief Justice of the Irish Queen's Bench, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.352">352</a></li> + +<li>Penny postage introduced, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.176">176</a></li> + +<li>People's Charter riots, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a></li> + +<li>Pepys, Henry, Bishop of Worcester, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a></li> + +<li>Percy, Lord Henry Hugh Manvers, K.C.B., V.C., gallantry at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.55">55</a></li> + +<li>Perekop, Isthmus of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a></li> + +<li>Perim, Island of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.391">391</a></li> + +<li>Perry, Sir Erskine, ex-Chief Justice of Bombay, Indian Mutiny debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Persia, Turkey, and England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.4"><i>4</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>war with England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>;</li> +<li>siege of Herat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.199"><i>199</i></a>;</li> +<li>hostilities terminated, and terms of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Persigny, M. de, French Ambassador in London, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120"><i>121</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.165">165</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.213"><i>213</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.215">215</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>interview with Earl of Clarendon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a>;</li> +<li>Orsini incident, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.273">273</a>:</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.353"><i>353</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.369">369</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.384">384</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Peshawur, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a></li> + +<li>Peterborough, Bishop of, <i>see</i> Davys</li> + +<li>Pfordten, M. von der, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a></li> + +<li>Philippe (second son of King Leopold I., afterwards Count of Flanders), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.65">65</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.146">146</a></li> + +<li>Phillimore, Dr, Counsel to the Admiralty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467"><i>467</i></a></li> + +<li>Phillips, Mr T. (Mayor of Newport), knighted, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.201">201</a></li> + +<li>Philipotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.140"><i>140</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.417"><i>417</i></a></li> + +<li>Philpott, Canon Henry, Bishop of Worcester, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416"><i>416</i></a></li> + +<li>Phipps, Maria Henrietta Sophia, marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.169">169</a></li> + +<li>—— Hon. Sir Charles, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184">184</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.378">378</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.89"><i>89</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.286">286</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.430">430</a></li> + +<li>Pianori, Giacomo, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.122"><i>122</i></a></li> + +<li>Piccolomini, Max, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.395">395</a></li> + +<li>Piedmont, war with Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178">178</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>invasion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page506" id="page506"></a>[page 506]</span>Piedmontese, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a></li> + +<li>Pierri, execution of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a></li> + +<li>Piræus, fleet sent to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a></li> + +<li>Pitt, William, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.391">391</a></li> + +<li>Pius IX., Pope, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>flight to Gaëta, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter to the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>reply, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.210">210</a>;</li> +<li>Papal brief, titles for English bishops, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.232"><i>232</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a>;</li> +<li>papal aggression, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>-282;</li> +<li>and England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310">310</a>;</li> +<li>invasion of the Papal States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.415">415</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Playfair, Dr, Irish Commissioner, potato disease, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a></li> + +<li>Plombières, compact of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.385"><i>385</i></a></li> + +<li>Poerio, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.312">312</a></li> + +<li>Poles and Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.15">15</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a></li> + +<li>Polk, President (U.S.A.), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a></li> + +<li>Pollock, General (afterwards Sir George), successes in Afghanistan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402">402</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442">442</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>G.C.B., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pollon, Count, Sardinian Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a></li> + +<li>Ponsonby, Lord (Ambassador at Constantinople), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.234">234</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.114">114</a></li> + +<li>Poor Law Act, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.108">108</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.382">382</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>State maintenance of the poor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.67">67</a>;</li> +<li>commission, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pope, <i>see</i> Pius IX. and Gregory XVI. +<ul class="index1"><li><i>The Pope and the Congress</i>, famous pamphlet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382"><i>382</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Porte, the, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Austria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>convention of 1828, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.229">229</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.232">232</a>;</li> +<li>and Mehemet Ali, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.237">237</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452">452</a>-465, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.13">13</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>;</li> +<li>Turkish success, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a>;</li> +<li>Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>;</li> +<li>Four Points Negotiation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>protection of Christian subjects, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152"><i>152</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Portland, third Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.357">357</a></li> + +<li>—— fifth Duke of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a></li> + +<li>Portugal, revolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.54">54</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92">92</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.356">356</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.111">111</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.134">134</a>;</li> +<li>and Spain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>;</li> +<li>new Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92"><i>92</i></a>;</li> +<li>slave trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>insurrection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>;</li> +<li>civil war and constitutional troubles, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109"><i>109</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.116">116</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.117">117</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.120">120</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.129">129</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston's attack on, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179"><i>179</i></a>;</li> +<li>case of Don Pacifico, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234"><i>234</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239">239</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240"><i>240</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243"><i>243</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King of (Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.45">45</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.47">47</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55"><i>55</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letter to, on slave trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Howard de Walden, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Maria da Gloria, Queen of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.94">94</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>letter on Queen's engagement, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>dismissal of Ministry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109"><i>109</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.134">134</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Stephanie, Queen of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.332">332</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>—— Prince of, the Pope sponsor to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.392">392</a></li> + +<li>Post Office, inauguration of penny post, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.176">176</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Sunday delivery, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pottinger, Sir Henry, successes in China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>G.C.B., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.446">446</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.447">447</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.449">449</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Powys, Captain, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.426">426</a></li> + +<li>Pozzo di Borgo, Count, Russian Ambassador, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a></li> + +<li>Praet, Van, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Prætorius, Dr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.361">361</a></li> + +<li>Praslin, Duchesse de, murdered by her husband, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a></li> + +<li>Prescott (Canada), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.136"><i>136</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr, Deputy Governor of the Bank, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a></li> + +<li>Presentations, fatigue of receiving, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.470">470</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.471">471</a></li> + +<li>Preston, riot, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.424">424</a></li> + +<li>Pretorius, Boer leader, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200"><i>200</i></a></li> + +<li>Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne on origin of term, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a></li> + +<li>Primogeniture, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li><i>Prince</i>, loss of the steamer, at Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li>Principalities, the Danubian, Russia's invasion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.13"><i>13</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.17">17</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.32">32</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>relinquishment of Russia's protectorate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152"><i>152</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.180">180</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.233"><i>233</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Prior, Matthew, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.504">504</a></li> + +<li>Privilege Question, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a></li> + +<li>Property, qualification, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li>Protection, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278"><i>278</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.293">293</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.294">294</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Lord Derby, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>;</li> +<li>abandoned by Disraeli, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404"><i>404</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Protectionists, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.66">66</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>check to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.383"><i>283</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.289">289</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.298">298</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.468">468</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.88">88</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Protestant, Prince Consort's declaration, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.203">203</a>-205; +<ul class="index1"><li>Low Church bigotry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a>;</li> +<li>Church in Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Proxy, voting, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a></li> + +<li>Prussia (<i>see</i> Prussia, King of), and Holland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.119">119</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.275">275</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>;</li> +<li>alliance with Austria, iii.<a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>;</li> +<li>position in impending war, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.17">17</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>and England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>;</li> +<li>admission to war conference, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.171">171</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.181">181</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— King of (Frederick William IV.), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.365">365</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to Queen Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.378">378</a>-380;</li> +<li>on Swiss quarrels, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>on French Revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.150">150</a>;</li> +<li>declines Imperial Crown of Germany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219"><i>219</i></a>;</li> +<li>Diet of Erfurt, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>peace with Denmark, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.254">254</a>;</li> +<li>and Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.276">276</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.280">280</a>;</li> +<li>Queen Victoria's letter to, on his position, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.28">28</a>;</li> +<li>Russia's influence over, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.31">31</a>;</li> +<li>letter from the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a>;</li> +<li>account of his death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420">420</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>-426</li></ul></li> + +<li>Prussia, Queen of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.425">425</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.426">426</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page507" id="page507"></a>[page 507]</span>Prussia, Prince of (afterwards King William I.), +visit to Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253">253</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>a refugee, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.176"><i>176</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>coronation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455"><i>455</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.456">456</a>-459;</li> +<li>interview with Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.467">467</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Prince Frederick William of (afterwards Emperor Frederick),<br /> +question of marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.147">147</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205">205</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.220">220</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage to the Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.253">253</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455">455</a>;</li> +<li>birth of a son (present Emperor), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>death of the King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>-426;</li> +<li>coronation of the King and Queen of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.456">456</a>-459</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Marie Louise Augusta, Princess of (grandmother of present German Emperor), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.106">106</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.318">318</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.319">319</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen writes to, on death of Czar, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.112">112</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Pulteney, Mr (afterwards Earl of Bath), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.391">391</a></li> + +<li>Punjab (<i>see</i> India), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>annexation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.178"><i>178</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Puseyites, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.277">277</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.282">282</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li> + </ul> + + <a name="Q" id="Q"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Quadruple Alliance, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.488"><i>488</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.353">353</a></li> + </ul> + + <a name="R" id="R"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Rachel, Madame, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.290">290</a></li> + +<li>Racine, Jean Baptiste (1639-1699), tragedian and poet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.40">40</a></li> + +<li>Radetzky, Marshal, Austrian General, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>defeats Piedmontese at Custozza, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191"><i>191</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219"><i>219</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Radicals, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90"><i>90</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.313">313</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.365"><i>365</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>defeat Government on House Tax, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.411">411</a>-413;</li> +<li>inclusion in Lord Aberdeen's Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-430; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.300">300</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Radnor, third Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.335">335</a></li> + +<li>Radowitz, General, Prussian Minister for Foreign Affairs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a> +</li> + +<li>Raglan, Lady, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129">129</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord, <i>see</i> Somerset, Lord Fitzroy</li> + +<li>Railways; accident near Reading, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.369">369</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's first journey on G.W.R., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.404">404</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Rajpoot Hill States, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a></li> + +<li>Ramnuggur, English reverse at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a></li> + +<li>Ramsgate, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a></li> + +<li>Rangoon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a></li> + +<li>Raphael, painter, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a></li> + +<li>Rawul Pindee, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Rechberg, Count, Austrian Foreign Minister, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a></li> + +<li>Redan batteries, attack on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129"><i>129</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.163">163</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.165">165</a></li> + +<li>Redschid Pasha, Turkish Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.460"><i>460</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.27">27</a></li> + +<li>Reeve, Henry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a></li> + +<li>Reform Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20"><i>20</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61"><i>61</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.294">294</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.332">332</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.361"><i>361</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.369">369</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.466"><i>466</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>withdrawn, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.8"><i>8</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.15">15</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.16"><i>16</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.23"><i>23</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>introduced by Disraeli, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Reform, parliamentary and municipal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20"><i>20</i></a></li> + +<li>Refugee Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.440"><i>440</i></a></li> + +<li>Regency Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a></li> + +<li>Reinhardtsbrun, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.186">186</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45"><i>45</i></a></li> + +<li>Rellstab, Louis, novelist, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.501">501</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.506">506</a></li> + +<li>Review in Windsor Park, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.13">13</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.198"><i>198</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.199">199</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>field day, 1860, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.400">400</a>;</li> +<li>at Edinburgh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>Revue des Deux Mondes</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a></li> + +<li><i>Revue Retrospective</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.183">183</a></li> + +<li>Rianzares, Duke of, marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.2"><i>2</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a></li> + +<li>Rice, Mr, M.P. for Dover, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li> + +<li>Rich, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Baronet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Richmond, Duchess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.124">124</a></li> + +<li>—— Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309"><i>309</i></a></li> + +<li>Rio Janeiro, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133"><i>133</i></a></li> + +<li>Riots, Manchester, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.422">422</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>tollbar, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.493">493</a>;</li> +<li>Chartist demonstration, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>Birmingham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179">179</a>;</li> +<li>Stockport, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Ripon, first Earl of (Mr Robinson), Chancellor of the Exchequer, speech on Queen's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.9">9</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.299">299</a>;</li> +<li>President of Board of Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309;</a></li> +<li>political history, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309"><i>309</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>River Plate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133">133</a></li> + +<li>Robinson, Mr, <i>see</i> Ripon Earl of,</li> + +<li>Rocky Mountains, Canada, dispute as to territory, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a></li> + +<li>Roden, third Earl of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19">19</a></li> + +<li>Roebuck, Mr, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.247">247</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>motion on conduct of Crimean War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>-78;</li> +<li>result, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>Committee, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.108">108</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.112">112</a>;</li> +<li>Chinese dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a>;</li> +<li>Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Rokeby, Lord, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.60">60</a></li> + +<li>Rolle, Lord, Queen's Coronation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a></li> + +<li>Rollin, Charles, <i>Histoire Ancienne</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.39">39</a></li> + +<li>—— Ledru, French President, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.174"><i>174</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Romagna, The, assembly of, and Victor Emmanuel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Roman Catholics, Maynooth College grant, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.36">36</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>papal aggression, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.232"><i>232</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.277">277</a>-282, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.303">303</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Romano, Giulio, painter, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.334">334</a></li> + +<li>Rome, Prince Albert's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Pope's flight from, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.205">205</a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Russell's draft on the Roman Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Romilly, Sir John, Master of the Rolls, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.216"><i>216</i></a></li> + +<li>Rosebery, fourth Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li>Rosenau, the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45"><i>45</i></a></li> + +<li>Rosslyn, Lady, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.310">310</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page508" id="page508"></a>[page 508]</span>Rothesay, Lord Stuart de, Ambassador at St Petersburg, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.326">326</a></li> + +<li>Rothschild, Baron, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + +<li>Rowan, Colonel, Commissioner of Police, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a></li> + +<li>Roxburgh, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278">278</a></li> + +<li><i>Royal Charter</i>, wreck of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li> + +<li>Royal Exchange opened by the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a></li> + +<li>—— Princess, <i>see</i> Victoria</li> + +<li>Royston, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384"><i>384</i></a></li> + +<li>Runjeet Singh, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.233">233</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Russell, Lord John (afterwards Earl), Irish Municipal Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66"><i>66</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Leader of the House, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>result of the elections, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90">90</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>;</li> +<li>death of his wife, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130">130</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.131">131</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.133">133</a>;</li> +<li>Home Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>civil government of the Army, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.267">267</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.277">277</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.278">278</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.281">281</a>;</li> +<li>Sugar Duties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.274">274</a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>political career of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309"><i>309</i></a>;</li> +<li>reply to Plymouth address, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.365">365</a>;</li> +<li>opposition to Income Tax Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.406"><i>406</i></a>;</li> +<li>conversion to repeal of Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>views on Queen's absence from England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.43">43</a>;</li> +<li>unable to form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.58">58</a>-60, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.70">70</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>;</li> +<li>undertakes to form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.83">83</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>pensions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.88">88</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's views on a dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.91">91</a>;</li> +<li>Spanish marriage difficulties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>-103, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>Portuguese and Spanish affairs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.117">117</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a>;</li> +<li>possible dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.121">121</a>;</li> +<li>crisis in the City, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a>;</li> +<li>birth of second son, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.170"><i>170</i></a>;</li> +<li>difficulty as to despatches, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179"><i>179</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>;</li> +<li>Germany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a>-236, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a>;</li> +<li>report, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's memos. on Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.260">260</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.261">261</a>;</li> +<li>offer to resign, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243">243</a></li> +<li>on Lord Palmerston's removal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.262">262</a>;</li> +<li>Haynau despatch, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267">267</a>-270;</li> +<li>on Ritualism, "No Popery," ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Sir James Graham, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>;</li> +<li>defeat of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.289">289</a>,</li> +<li>resignation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.290">290</a>;</li> +<li>failures to form a new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.289">289</a>-308;</li> +<li>memo. as to uniting with Peelites, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.296">296</a>;</li> +<li>old Government to continue, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.312">312</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on state of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.313">313</a>;</li> +<li>Palmerston's reception of Kossuth, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>-331;</li> +<li>Parliamentary Reform, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.332">332</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.333">333</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston's approval of <i>coup d'état</i>, Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>-340;</li> +<li>dismissal of Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.342">342;</a></li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston's successor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.343">343</a>-347;</li> +<li>discomfiture of Lord Palmerston in the House, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>-364;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.367">367</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Grey's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">379</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a>;</li> +<li>on dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.382">382</a>;</li> +<li>Militia Bill blunder, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>education, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>refusal of Foreign Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>-418;</li> +<li>accepts Foreign Office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>-427;</li> +<li>resigns Foreign Secretaryship, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>Leadership without office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.438">438</a>;</li> +<li>pledged to introduction of Reform Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.451"><i>451</i></a>;</li> +<li>possible retirement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.457">457</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.458">458</a>;</li> +<li>war measures, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.467">467</a>;</li> +<li>President of the Council, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>withdraws Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8"><i>8</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.15">15</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16"><i>16</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.23"><i>23</i></a>;</li> +<li>incomprehensible actions, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.21"><i>21</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.22">22</a>;</li> +<li>Disraeli's attack on, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.38"><i>38</i></a>;</li> +<li>Austrian alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.48">48</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>urges more vigorous measures, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>;</li> +<li>proposed resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.57">57</a>-60;</li> +<li>and Mr Kennedy's loss of office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a>;</li> +<li>Ministry defeated, resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.74">74</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.69"><i>69</i></a>;</li> +<li>failure to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.87">87</a>-96;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>Vienna Conference, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.105"><i>105</i></a>;</li> +<li>Colonial Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a>;</li> +<li>Austria's proposed terms of Crimean settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.120"><i>120</i></a>;</li> +<li>attacks on, and resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.121"><i>121</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.131"><i>131</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.132">132</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.133"><i>133</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>Chinese dispute, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the House of Lords, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227">227</a>;</li> +<li>retains his seat, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.266"><i>266</i></a>;</li> +<li>Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.279">279</a>;</li> +<li>competitive examinations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>;</li> +<li>reconciliation with Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Secretary, iii <a class="index" href="#pageiii.345">345</a>-349;</li> +<li>France and Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.352">352</a>;</li> +<li>differences with the Queen on Italian policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.361">361</a>-373, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.374">374</a>-378, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a>-390, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.395">395</a>-398;</li> +<li>Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>;</li> +<li>revolution doctrines, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.383">383</a>;</li> +<li>despatch to French Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.401">401</a>-404;</li> +<li>proposed visit of Emperor of Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>disagreement with Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>;</li> +<li>goes to the House of Lords, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>;</li> +<li>despatch to America, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.428">428</a>;</li> +<li>and Gen. Garibaldi, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.431">431</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.432">432</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.433">433</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.434">434</a>;</li> +<li>Danish Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.439">439</a>;</li> +<li>draft to Rome, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>the Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>peerage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.444"><i>444</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lord William, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.202">202</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>murder of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Odo (afterwards Lord Ampthill), Secretary of Legation at Florence, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>interviews with the Pope; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.310">310</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.356">356</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Russell's <i>Modern Europe</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a></li> + +<li>Russia, Hereditary Grand Duke of (afterwards Alexander II), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.154">154</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.172">172</a></li> + +<li>—— Nicholas, Emperor of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.234">234</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.12">12</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="page509" id="page509"></a>[page 509]</span></li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.12">12</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.14">14</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.15">15</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>effect on foreign countries, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>on the French Revolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.165">165</a>;</li> +<li>dispute with France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.357"><i>357</i></a>;</li> +<li>letters to and from the Queen on the Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.459">459</a>-465;</li> +<li>and Turkey, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.4">4</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.5">5;</a></li> +<li>and Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.6">6</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Sir H. Seymour, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.26">6</a>;</li> +<li>death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.111">111</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Empress-Dowager of, widow of Emperor Nicholas, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a></li> + +<li>—— Alexander, Emperor of, <i>see</i> Alexander</li> + +<li>—— Empress Marie Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205"><i>205</i></a></li> + +<li>—— and England, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.86">86</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>protector of the Porte, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>and Central Asia, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.328">328</a>;</li> +<li>France and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a>;</li> +<li>Poland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.114"><i>114</i></a>;</li> +<li>dispute with France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.356"><i>356</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Turkey, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>-444, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a>-465, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a>-471; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.4">4</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.17">17</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.18">18</a>;</li> +<li>Ambassador leaves London, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a>;</li> +<li>England declares war with, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.20"><i>20</i></a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's views on the crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.24">24</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.25">25</a>;</li> +<li>Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.29">29</a>;</li> +<li>repulse by Turkey, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat on the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43"><i>43</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>opinion of, in India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.45">45</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.46">46</a>;</li> +<li>Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>-56;</li> +<li>death of Czar Nicholas, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>fall of Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>;</li> +<li>"Four Points" negotiation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66"><i>66</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.120">120</a>;</li> +<li>Kertsch and the gravel pits (Redan) taken, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.126"><i>126</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat on the River Tchernaya, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a>;</li> +<li>Austrian ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>;</li> +<li>peace and terms of settlement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>-185;</li> +<li>procrastination in carrying out terms, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.179">179</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.214"><i>214</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord Granville's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>reported treaty with France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.328">328</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.331"><i>331</i></a>;</li> +<li>Danish Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.439">439</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + +<a name="S" id="S"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Sailors' Homes, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.191">191</a></li> + +<li>St Albans, Disfranchisement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381"><i>381</i></a></li> + +<li>St Arnaud, Marshal, commands French Army in Crimea, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.28">28</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.30"><i>30</i></a></li> + +<li>St Cloud, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>St Edward's Chair, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a></li> + +<li>—— Chapel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a></li> + +<li>St Germans, Earl of, Postmaster-General, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a></li> + +<li>St Juan, Island of, United States claim to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.373">373</a></li> + +<li>St Leonards, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.39">39</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.40">40</a></li> + +<li>St Leonards, Lord (Lord Chancellor), refusal to join Government of 1858, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.271">271</a></li> + +<li>Saint-Simon, Duc de, <i>Mémoires</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a></li> + +<li>Sak, proposed occupation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a></li> + +<li>Saldanha, Marshal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a></li> + +<li>Sale, Lady, her journal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Robert, success in Afghanistan, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.402">402</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>pension, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.76">76</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Salisbury, Bishop of (Dr Fisher), Queen's reminiscences of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a></li> + +<li>—— Marquess of, President of the Council, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a></li> + +<li>Sand, George, <i>Comtesse de Rudolstadt</i>, novel by, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a></li> + +<li>Sandon, Viscount, Sugar Duties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.275"><i>275</i></a></li> + +<li>Sandwich, Countess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.177">177</a></li> + +<li>Sans Souci, death of King of Prussia at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.424">424</a></li> + +<li>Sardinia, Princess Clothilde of, marriage of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.331"><i>331</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Kings of, <i>see</i> Charles Albert and Victor Emmanuel</li> + +<li>Sardinia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.175"><i>175</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>war with Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.178"><i>178</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182"><i>182</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>;</li> +<li>Western Alliance against Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>;</li> +<li>success against Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.154">154</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>alliance with England and France against Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, and cession of Lombardy to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>;</li> +<li>refusal to disarm, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.327"><i>327</i></a>;</li> +<li>sympathy with, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.328">328</a>;</li> +<li>Government of Tuscany, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.329">329</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's promise of help, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.331"><i>331</i></a>;</li> +<li>Duchies of Parma, Modena and Romagna, transferred to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>disavowal of Garibaldi, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Savoy, annexation to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.385">385</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.395">395</a></li> + +<li>Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, House of, history of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.2">2</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a></li> + +<li>Saxe-Coburg, Ernest, Duke of, (Prince Consort's father), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.48"><i>48</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Ernest, Prince of (Prince Consort's brother), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.49">49</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.69">69</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Prince Augustus of, parentage and marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.431">431</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.458">458</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.459">459</a></li> + +<li>Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, Duchess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.18">18</a></li> + +<li>—— Francis, Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.437"><i>437</i></a></li> + +<li>Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of, letter to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a></li> + +<li>—— Prince William and Princess Louise of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a></li> + +<li>Saxony, Crown Prince of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>—— Frederick Augustus II., King of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a></li> + +<li>Schleinitz, M., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.250">250</a></li> + +<li>Schleswig, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.182">182</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195"><i>195</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>union with Holstein, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.249">249</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.258">258</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>School for Scandal</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.218">218</a></li> + +<li>Schulenberg, Countess, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.457">457</a></li> + +<li>Schwartzenberg, Prince, Prime Minister of Austria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.378">378</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a></li> + +<li>Scone Palace, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.430">430</a></li> + +<li>Scotch Fusiliers, wounded from the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page510" id="page510"></a>[page 510]</span>Scotland, Church crisis, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.447">447</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Admission of Ministers Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.488">488</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.489"><i>489</i></a>;</li> +<li>the Queen's visit to Balmoral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.321">321</a>-323, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.394">394</a>-396;</li> +<li>to Edinburgh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Scott, General, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li> + +<li>—— Gilbert, architect, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.444"><i>444</i></a></li> + +<li>Scutari, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>hospital at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.62">62</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Search, right of, on the high seas, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Seaton, Lord, <i>see</i> Colborne</li> + +<li>Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43">43</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>bombardment, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>fall, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Secretary of State, <i>see</i> State, Secretary of</li> + +<li>—— at War, <i>see</i> War, Secretary at</li> + +<li>Sepoys, mutiny of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.224"><i>224</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.237">237</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.238">238</a></li> + +<li>Septennial Act, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.121">121</a></li> + +<li>Serpent's Island, Russia's claim to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"> <i>208</i></a></li> + +<li>Settembrini, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.312">312</a></li> + +<li>Sévigné, Mme. de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.40">40</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.172">172</a></li> + +<li>Seville, Duke of (Don Enrique), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45">45</a></li> + +<li>Seymour, Lord (afterwards Duke of Somerset), Roebuck Committee Reports, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.112">112</a>. +<ul class="index1"><li><i>See</i> Somerset, Duke of</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Admiral, occupies Chinese fort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr Digby, M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.402">402</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.404">404</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Hamilton, Minister at Brussels, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.139">139</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.320">320</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Envoy-Extraordinary at Lisbon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.134">134</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.179">179</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.180">180</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.181"><i>181</i>;</a></li> +<li>Petersburg, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>;</li> +<li>recall from St Petersburg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10"><i>10</i></a>;</li> +<li>interview with the Czar, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.26">26;</a></li> +<li>"neutralisation," iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Shaftesbury, Earl of, <i>see</i> Ashley, Lord</li> + +<li>Sheil, Mr, Minister at the Court of Tuscany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.319">319</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Shere Singh, surrender of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li> + +<li>Short, Dr Thomas Vowler (afterwards Bishop of Sodor and Man), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.64">64</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><i>Sketch of History of Church of England</i>, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.452">452</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sibthorp, Colonel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Sicily, rising in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>. +<ul class="index1"><li><i>See</i> Garibaldi</li></ul></li> + +<li>Sikhs (<i>see</i> India), aggressive, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>defeat of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>boundaries, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>murder of two Englishmen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>;</li> +<li>hostility of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.196">196</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a>;</li> +<li>successful operations against, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.217">217</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Silesia, insurrection in, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a></li> + +<li>Silistria, Turkish success at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.36"><i>36</i></a></li> + +<li>Simpson, General, retirement from the +<ul class="index1"><li>command in the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>;</li> +<li>death of Lord Raglan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.130">130</a>;</li> +<li>position, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134">134</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's congratulations on fall of Sebastopol, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sinclair, Sir George, M.P., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.448">448</a></li> + +<li>Singapore, convict population of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a></li> + +<li>Singh, Maharajah Dhuleep, <i>see</i> Dhuleep</li> + +<li>Sinope Harbour, affair of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.471">471</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.115">115</a></li> + +<li>Slavery, abolition of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.277">277</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.377">377</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.382">382</a></li> + +<li>Slidell, Mr, Southern Confederacy Envoy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Smith, Mr Robert Vernon (afterwards Lord Lyveden), Under-Secretary for War and the Colonies, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.275"><i>275</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.468">468</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Board of Control, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.127">127</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>annexation of Oudh, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.178"><i>178</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.219"><i>219</i></a>;</li> +<li>on Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.281"><i>281</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Harry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Governor of Cape of Good Hope, Boer War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>;</li> +<li>wounded, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200"><i>200</i></a>;</li> +<li>Kaffir War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li>Orange River Free State, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.201">201</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Lionel, Governor of Jamaica, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.141"><i>141</i></a></li> + +<li>Smithfield, Cattle Show, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.419">419</a></li> + +<li>Smyth, William, Professor of Modern History, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.435">435</a></li> + +<li>Smythe, George, member of "Young England" party, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17"><i>17</i></a></li> + +<li>Sobraon, defeat of the Sikhs at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74"><i>74</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.77">77</a></li> + +<li>Socialism, possibilities in Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205">205</a></li> + +<li>Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Prince Consort presides at meeting, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.319"><i>319</i></a></li> + +<li>Solferino, battle of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.353"><i>353</i></a></li> + +<li>Solyman Pasha, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.246">246</a></li> + +<li>Somerset, 11th Duke of, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.145">145</a></li> + +<li>—— 12th Duke of, First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Garter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.441">441</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>.</li> +<li><i>See</i> Seymour, Lord</li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lord Fitzroy, afterwards Lord Raglan ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Commander of Forces for the East, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.26"><i>26</i></a>;</li> +<li>victory at the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Field-Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52">52</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52">52</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>-56;</li> +<li>death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>welfare of the Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.68">68</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.69">69</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.81">81</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Somnauth, Gates of Temple of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>-445, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.468">468</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.477">477</a></li> + +<li>Sonderbund, the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.138">138</a></li> + +<li>Sooja, Shah, Ameer of Afghanistan, 1. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142"><i>142</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.328">328</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.444">444</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.445">445</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sophia, Princess, daughter of George III., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.31">31</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.147">147</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Soult, Marshal, Duke of Dalmatia, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.111">111</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.268">268</a></li> + +<li>South Africa, Natal insurrection, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.427">427</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Sir H. Smith's proclamation in 1848, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>;</li> +<li>Dutch War, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.200">200</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Southern, Mr, Secretary of Legation at Lisbon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.111">111</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.118">118</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.120">120</a></li> + +<li>Spain, disputed succession, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.44"><i>44</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.57"><i>57</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Portugal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.119">119</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133">133</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston on, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>battle at Bilbao, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a>;</li> +<li>constitution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.82">82</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a>;</li> +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page511" id="page511"></a>[page 511]</span>condition of, + i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.96">96</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>;</li> +<li>the Fueros, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>Mission, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.330">330</a>;</li> +<li>guardianship of young Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.346"><i>346</i></a>;</li> +<li>and France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.347">347</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.350">350</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.351">351</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of the young Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>-109;</li> +<li>Don Carlos' abdication of claim to throne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>;</li> +<li>changes in Ministry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.116"><i>116</i></a>;</li> +<li>and England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.120"><i>120</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Sir H. Bulwer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.175">175</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>Queen of Spain's desire for the Garter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.323">323</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Infanta of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.488"><i>488</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45">45</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"><i>72</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.103">103</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Queen of, <i>see</i> Christina</li> + +<li>Späth, Baroness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.18">18</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a></li> + +<li>Spithead, accident, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.199">199</a></li> + +<li>Spooner, Mr, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a></li> + +<li>Spring Rice, Mr, Chancellor of Exchequer, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.147">147</a></li> + +<li>Stafford, Augustus, Secretary of the Admiralty, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a></li> + +<li>Stamp Duties Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>stamp on cheques, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262">262</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>Standard</i>, newspaper, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a></li> + +<li>Stanhope, Philip Henry, fourth Earl, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.108">108</a></li> + +<li>—— Lady Wilhelmina, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a></li> + +<li>Stanley, Lord (afterwards fourteenth Earl of Derby), thrice Prime Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62"><i>62</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.137">137</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Colonial Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.163">163</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.54">54</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.64">64</a>;</li> +<li>Protection dinner, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.122"><i>122</i></a>;</li> +<li>vote of censure, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244"><i>244</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.247"><i>247</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>;</li> +<li>failure to form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.290">290</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.291">291</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.293">293</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.299">299</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.300">300</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.311">311</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a>;</li> +<li>Prime Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>-397;</li> +<li>and the Church, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a>;</li> +<li>adherence to treaties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.377">377</a>;</li> +<li>the Queen's views on Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>Disfranchisement Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>question of dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.383">383</a>;</li> +<li>progress of democracy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.384">384</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.385">385</a>;</li> +<li>Protection, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>;</li> +<li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.389">389</a>;</li> +<li>Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>military appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>national defences, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>-400;</li> +<li>confusion of Parties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>-405;</li> +<li>Budget, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>Princess Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>-411;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-414;</li> +<li>attack on Lord Aberdeen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.417">417</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.418"><i>418</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.419">419</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.425">425</a>;</li> +<li>takes leave of the Queen, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.425">425</a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>;</li> +<li>failure to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63">63</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.80">80</a>-87, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.90">90</a>;</li> +<li>on title of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.197"><i>197</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.197">197</a>;</li> +<li>China War debate, attack on Lord Palmerston, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.230">230</a>;</li> +<li>Conspiracy Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.268">268</a>-272;</li> +<li>Oudh Proclamation and resignation of Lord Ellenborough, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.282">282</a>-<i>285</i>;</li> +<li>possible dissolution, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.285">285</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.286">286</a>-289;</li> +<li>vote of censure withdrawn, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.290">290</a>-293;</li> +<li>competitive examinations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>;</li> +<li>new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's letter to French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Army Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.317">317</a>-320;</li> +<li>Queen's letter to Emperor of Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.322">322</a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress to settle Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.327">327</a>-333;</li> +<li>Queen's Speech, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.336">336</a>-340;</li> +<li>resignation on defeat of Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.343">343</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Lord (afterwards fifteenth Earl of Derby), Colonial Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.148">148</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.292">292</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>his position with regard to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.301">301</a>-303;</li> +<li>Indian Army Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.317">317</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.318">318</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.319">319</a>;</li> +<li>Peers and Money Bills, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Stanley of Alderley, Lord, Secretary to Treasury, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.129">129</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.395">395</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.150">150</a></li> + +<li>State, Secretary of, duties of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.34">34</a></li> + +<li>Stéphanie, Grand Duchess, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a></li> + +<li>Stephen, James, Under-Secretary for Colonies, retirement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Privy Council, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Stockmar, Baron, private physician and secretary to King Leopold, unofficial adviser to the Queen, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>accompanies Prince Albert on tour, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152;</a></li> +<li>his character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.26">26</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.69">69</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72,</a> +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.73">73</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.81">81</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.83">83</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.211">211</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.332">332</a>;</li> +<li>memos. on Lord Melbourne's correspondence with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.340">340</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.353">353</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.360">360</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.361">361</a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.474">474</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.476">476</a>;</li> +<li>Spanish marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.103">103</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>on a Minister's duty, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.238">238</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.315">315</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>;</li> +<li>Legion of Honour, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.49">49</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.171">171</a>;</li> +<li>illness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Stockport, riot at, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a></li> + +<li>Stopford, Admiral Sir Robert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.252"><i>252</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.258">258</a></li> + +<li>Stowell, Lord, law of nations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a></li> + +<li>Strafford, Earl of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.126">126</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128"><i>128</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Field-Marshal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146"><i>146</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Straits Settlements, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.277">277</a></li> + +<li>Strangford, Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.326">326</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.482">482</a></li> + +<li>Strangways, Brigadier-General, died at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53"><i>53</i></a></li> + +<li>Stratford de Redcliffe, Viscount (formerly Sir Stratford Canning), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.138">138</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.369">369</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.456">456</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.457">457</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.460">460</a>-465, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.470">470</a>;</li> +<li>illness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.27">27</a>;</li> +<li>victory of the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.358">358</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Strawberry Hill, sale of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.389">389</a></li> + +<li>Strelitz, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.188">188</a></li> + +<li>Strickland, Miss Agnes, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.322">322</a></li> + +<li>Stroekens, Major, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.67">67</a></li> + +<li>Strutt, Mr, Chancellor of the Duchy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.34"><i>34</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page512" id="page512"></a>[page 512]</span>Stuart, Miss, marriage, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.388">388</a></li> + +<li>—— Wortley J. (afterwards second Baron Wharncliffe), President of the Council, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.299">299</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a></li> + +<li>Sudbury, enfranchisement of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a></li> + +<li>Suffrage, Queen's view of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.333">333</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>extension of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.333">333</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sugar Duty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Colonial preference, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17"><i>17</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.91">91</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sully, Maximilien, Duc de, Memoirs of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.47">47</a></li> + +<li>Sunday bands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a></li> + +<li>Surrey, Earl of (afterwards thirteenth Duke of Norfolk), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.123">123</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Treasurer of the Household, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.275"><i>275</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sussex, Duke of, politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.71">71</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.76">76</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.129">129</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.138">138</a>;</li> +<li>precedence, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.207">207</a>;</li> +<li>Regency Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.378">378</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>will of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.478">478</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.479">479</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sutherland, second Duke of, death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443"><i>443</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Duchess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.101">101</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.120">120</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen Victoria's valued friend, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.371">371</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Queen on her husband's death, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.442">442</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Sweaborg, bombardment of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>Sweden, and Morocco, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Schleswig Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195"><i>195</i></a>;</li> +<li>and Norway, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134"><i>134</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— and Norway, Charles XV., King of, visit to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">447</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>his views on foreign affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a>-450</li></ul></li> + +<li>Switzerland, internecine strife, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.137">137</a>-139; +<ul class="index1"><li>and France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>rising in, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.214"><i>214</i></a>;</li> +<li>protest against annexation of Savoy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>claim to parts of Savoy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.395"><i>395</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Syria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.179"><i>179</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.240">240</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>successes in, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.246">246</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.252"><i>252</i></a>;</li> +<li>war, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.69">69</a>;</li> +<li>Napoleon's policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + <a name="T" id="T"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Tahiti, dispute with France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21"><i>21</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.25">25</a></li> + +<li>Tait, Dr A. C., Bishop of London, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205">205</a></li> + +<li>Talbot, Lady Mary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.125">125</a></li> + +<li>—— Monsignore, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.356">356</a></li> + +<li>Tallenay, M. de, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.173"><i>173</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.186">186</a></li> + +<li>Talleyrand, Prince, death of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.116">116</a></li> + +<li>Tamburini, Sr, opera singer, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220"><i>220</i></a></li> + +<li>Tangiers, bombardment of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a></li> + +<li>Tankerville, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.198">198</a></li> + +<li>Tawell, Salt Hill murderer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269">269</a></li> + +<li>Taylor, Sir Herbert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.68">68</a></li> + +<li>Taymouth, Lord Breadalbane's house, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.428">428</a></li> + +<li>Tchernaya, River, success of the Allies at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a></li> + +<li>Téba, Count de (afterwards Count de Montijo), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.435"><i>435</i></a></li> + +<li>Temple, The Hon. Sir William, K.C.B., Minister Plenipotentiary, Naples, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.140"><i>140</i></a></li> + +<li>Templetown, Viscount, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li>Tennent, Sir James Emerson, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Tennyson, Alfred, poet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.45">45</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Poet Laureate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.272">272</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Terceira, Duc de, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55"><i>55</i></a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.379">397</a></li> + +<li>Terni, cataract at, Prince Albert's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a></li> + +<li>Thames, pollution of the, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.294"><i>294</i></a></li> + +<li>Theresa, Archduchess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a></li> + +<li>Thérèse, Princess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.453">453</a></li> + +<li>Thiers, Louis A., French Premier, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.364">364</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.389">389</a></li> + +<li>Thirlwall, Bishop of St David's, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a></li> + +<li>Thouvenel, M. de, French Foreign Minister, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.382">382</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>and Lord John Russell's despatch, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.389">389</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.395">395</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Threepenny pieces, circulation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a></li> + +<li>Ticino, Austrian troops on the, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.328"><i>328</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a></li> + +<li>Timber duty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a></li> + +<li><i>Times</i>, newspaper, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.425">425</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48"><i>48</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.135">135</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.172">172</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241">241</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244">244</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.263">263</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.282">282</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.348">348</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412"><i>412</i></a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16">16</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's visit to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.138">138</a>;</li> +<li>enquiry on Crimean officers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a>;</li> +<li>attacks on Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.455">455</a>;</li> +<li>report of a private interview, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.347">347</a>;</li> +<li>abuse of Germany, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.462">462</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.463">463</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Tindal, Chief Justice, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a></li> + +<li>Tippoo Sahib, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a></li> + +<li>Tite, Mr (afterwards Sir William), architect, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.443">443</a></li> + +<li>Tithes, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i></a></li> + +<li>Tollbar riots, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a></li> + +<li>Tomantoul, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a></li> + +<li>Tory party and the Royal family, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.6">6</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>consolidation of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.27"><i>27</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.60">60</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.203">203</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.207">207</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.212">212</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>failure of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>;</li> +<li>organisation of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90">90</a>;</li> +<li>unsuccessful attempt to form a Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.154">154</a>-170;</li> +<li>vote of censure on Government and success at the polls, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.264">264</a>;</li> +<li>Nottingham election, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.264">264</a>;</li> +<li>amendment to address, 1841, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Finance, Income-Tax, Import Duties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.370"><i>370</i></a>;</li> +<li>Corn Law Debate, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.466">466</a>;</li> +<li>Irish Arms Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.482">482</a>;</li> +<li>dissensions (Young England party), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.51">51</a>;</li> +<li>return to office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.62">62</a>;</li> +<li>repeal of Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>defeat on Irish Coercion Bill. ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>on intervention in Portugal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123"><i>123</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.216">216</a>;</li> +<li>peril of the Ministry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>;</li> +<li>defeat of the Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>;</li> +<li>inability to form a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>-313;</li> +<li>Parliamentary Reform, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.332">332</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.333">333</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Whig Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Derby becomes Prime Minister, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.369">369</a>-377;</li> +<li>first debate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>-383;</li> +<li>question of dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.383">383</a>;</li> +<li>Free Trade debate, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.399"><i>399</i></a>;</li> +<li>Budget, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.406">406</a></li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page513" id="page513"></a>[page 513]</span>defeat on House Tax and resignation, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.411">411</a>-413;</li> +<li>China War debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Tractarian movement, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273">273</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.280">280</a></li> + +<li>Transport Land Corps, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.157">157</a></li> + +<li>Transvaal, independence of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.142"><i>142</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Trapani, Count, Spanish marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.31"><i>31</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a></li> + +<li>Treaty of 1856, settlement of Eastern Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"><i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Nanking, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442"><i>442</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Trelawney, Sir John, and Church rates, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.323"><i>323</i></a></li> + +<li>Trench, Richard Chenevix, Dean of Westminster, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206">206</a></li> + +<li><i>Trent</i>, steamship, seizure of Envoys, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a></li> + +<li>Tréport, Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.157">157</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Trianon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Troubridge, Sir Thomas, C.B., great gallantry at Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.127">127</a></li> + +<li>Trouville, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.156">156</a></li> + +<li>Truelove, trial of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.274"><i>274</i></a></li> + +<li>Tuckett, Captain Harvey, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.263"><i>263</i></a></li> + +<li>Tulloch, Colonel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Tunbridge Wells, Queen's visits to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.36">36</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.38">38</a></li> + +<li>Turgot, M., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.335"><i>335</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.339">339</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a></li> + +<li>Turkey, Convention about Egypt, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.227">227</a>-243, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.258">258</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>war with Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.432"><i>432</i></a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.437">437</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449"><i>449</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452"><i>452</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.464">464</a>-465, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a>-471;</li> +<li>and Persia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.4">4</a>;</li> +<li>Russian occupation of the Principalities, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.13"><i>13</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>protocol signed for integrity of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19"><i>19</i></a>;</li> +<li>success of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.35"><i>35</i></a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>-56;</li> +<li>peace and terms of settlement, iii.<a class="index" href="#pageiii.158"> <i>158</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.161">161</a>-188, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.208"><i>208</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Turton, Dr Thomas, Dean of Ely, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35"><i>35</i></a></li> + +<li>Tuscans, deputation to King Victor Emmanuel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li> + +<li>Tuscany, Duke of, Pope's opinion of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.357">357</a></li> + +<li>—— Government of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.329">329</a></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="U" id="U"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Umbria, conquered, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a></li> + +<li>Unemployed, the, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.67">67</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.168">168</a></li> + +<li>United States, dispute with Canada, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.254"><i>254</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.260">260</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.356"><i>356</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.368">368</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>treaty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.461">461</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.462">462</a>;</li> +<li>boundary dispute with England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>;</li> +<li>Oregon boundary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Enlistment Act, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.159"><i>159</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.219"><i>219</i></a>;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.256"><i>256</i></a>;</li> +<li>military occupation of St Juan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.373">373</a>;</li> +<li>Prince of Wales's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>;</li> +<li>Abolitionist troubles, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.381"><i>381</i></a>;</li> +<li>conflict between Federal Government and Southern States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.421"><i>421</i></a>;</li> +<li>right to search neutral ships, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a>;</li> +<li>draft despatch for release of Mason and Slidell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.142">142</a></li> + +<li>Uruguay, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133"><i>133</i></a></li> + +<li>Utrecht, Treaty of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.107">107</a></li> + +<li>Uxbridge, Earl of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.110">110</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.400">400</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.467">467</a></li> + +<li>—— Countess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.400">400</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.8">8</a></li></ul></li> + </ul> + + <a name="Va" id="Va"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Valliant, Marshal, Minister of War, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.43">43</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>G.C.B., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>;</li> +<li>opinion of Morocco, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>goes to Italy in 1859, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Vane, Lord Harry, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a></li> + +<li>Varna, Allied Forces sailing from, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a></li> + +<li>Venice, Republic proclaimed, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.198">198</a>;</li> +<li>Venetia in 1859, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Verney, Sir Harry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a></li> + +<li>Versailles, Queen's visit to, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Vico, Colonel, death of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135"><i>135</i></a></li> + +<li>Victoire, Princess, of Saxe-Coburg, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.149">149</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage to Duc de Nemours, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>flight from France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.155">155</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.176">176</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.177">177</a>;</li> +<li>visits Queen Victoria, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184">184</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.185">185</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.218">218</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.156"><i>156</i></a>;</li> +<li>joins the Western Alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66"><i>66</i></a>;</li> +<li>rumoured conversation with Louis Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207"><i>207</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, entry into Milan, and conclusion of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>;</li> +<li>and the Pope, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.311">311</a>;</li> +<li>cession of Savoy and Nice, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.385"><i>385</i></a>;</li> +<li>war with Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.386">386</a>;</li> +<li>as King of Italy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Victoria, Queen, ancestry of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>-7; +<ul class="index1"><li>political position of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>memoir of her early years, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.18">18</a>-21;</li> +<li>relations and friends, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>-26;</li> +<li>close correspondence and relationship with King Leopold, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.23">23</a>;</li> +<li>formation of her character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.22">22</a>-26;</li> +<li>interesting points in her correspondence, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.27">27</a>-29</li></ul></li> +<li> 1819 Born 24th May at Kensington Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a></li> +<li> 1819-1826 Reminiscences of early childhood, written by herself, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a>-14</li> +<li> 1824 Miss Lehzen becomes her governess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a></li> +<li> 1826 Visits George IV. at Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>-13; +<ul class="index2"><li>serious illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1827 Visits George IV. at Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a></li> +<li> 1828 First letter to Prince Leopold, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.32">32</a></li> +<li> 1830 Duchess of Kent's memo, on education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>-16; +<ul class="index2"><li>June, George IV. died and William IV. succeeded, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>Duchess of Northumberland appointed official governess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.25">25</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1832 King Leopold on the necessity of forming her character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.35">35</a></li> +<li> 1834 Visits Hever Castle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.37">37</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>reading and studies, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.37">37</a>-40</li></ul></li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page514" id="page514"></a>[page 514]</span> 1835 Confirmation, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.41">41</a></li> +<li> 1836 Painful scene between the Duchess of Kent and William IV., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>possible suitors, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.47">47</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.48">48</a>;</li> +<li>admiration for Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.48">48</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.49">49</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>visits Lord Liverpool at Buxted Park, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Church matters, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.52">52</a>; <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>;</li> +<li>change of name discussed, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.55">55</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1837 Music with Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.59">59</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>her establishment, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.64">64</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>William IV. offers her an independent income, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>24th May—attains her majority, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.69">69</a>;</li> +<li>accession imminent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.71">71</a>;</li> +<li>reliance on Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>;</li> +<li>20th June—death of William IV.: Queen Victoria's accession, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.75">75</a>;</li> +<li>reminiscences of events on the King's death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.75">75</a>;</li> +<li>address of condolence and congratulation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.77">77</a>;</li> +<li>her nationality, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.78">78</a>;</li> +<li>her Ministers, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>13th July—goes to Buckingham Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>17th July—prorogues Parliament, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>singing lessons, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>the elections, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's visit to Windsor Castle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.91">91</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Brighton, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.92">92</a>;</li> +<li>goes to the House of Lords and gives her assent to the Civil List Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.97">97</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1838 Prince Albert's education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.111">111</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>distress at death of Louisa Louis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.111">111</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.112">112</a>;</li> +<li>deaths of old servants, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.112">112</a>;</li> +<li>arrangements for the Coronation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.113">113</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.114">114</a>;</li> +<li>draft letter to the King of Portugal on Slave Trade, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>brilliant ball, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a>;</li> +<li>28th June—Coronation Day, Queen's reminiscences of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.120">120</a>-125;</li> +<li>9th July—Coronation Review in Hyde Park, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.126">126</a>;</li> +<li>at Windsor Castle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.130">130</a></li> +<li>at Brighton, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.140">140</a>;</li></ul></li> +<li> 1839 Death of Princess Marie of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>opens Parliament, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.146"><i>146</i></a>;</li> +<li>disagreement with King Leopold, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.151">151</a>-154;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's tour in Italy, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.152">152</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.154">154</a>;</li> +<li>audience with Duke of Wellington and Sir R. Peel, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.157">157</a>-159;</li> +<li>refusal to allow Sir R. Peel to appoint Ladies of her Household, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.161">161</a>-169;</li> +<li>Lord Melbourne's return to office, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.170">170</a>;</li> +<li>ball at Buckingham Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.172">172</a>;</li> +<li>views on Cabinet crisis, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>feelings for Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.177">177</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.178">178</a>;</li> +<li>at the Opera, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.178">178</a>;</li> +<li>arrival of Princes Albert and Ernest at Windsor Castle, i, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>;</li> +<li>announcement of her engagement to Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.188">188</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.189">189</a>;</li> +<li>her happiness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>her letters to the Royal Family, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.193">193</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.194">194</a>;</li> +<li>letters to Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.196">196</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.199">199</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.200">200</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.203">203</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.206">206</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.208">208</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.211">211</a>-213, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>reads Declaration before the Privy Council, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>suggested peerage for Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.196">196</a>-199;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's Household, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.200">200</a>-207</li></ul></li> +<li> 1840 Queen opens Parliament and announces intended marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.212">212</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>Prince Albert's grant, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.214">214</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of the Queen to Prince Albert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.217"><i>217</i></a>;</li> +<li>disturbance at the Opera, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert and politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.224">224</a>;</li> +<li>attempted assassination by Oxford, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.225">225</a>;</li> +<li>views on foreign affairs, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.248">248</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.249">249</a>;</li> +<li>birth of Princess Royal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.251">251</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1841 Christening of Princess Royal, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.255">255</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>speech from the Throne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.256">256</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.257">257</a>;</li> +<li>operations in China, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.261">261</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.262">262</a>;</li> +<li>the Budget, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>Household appointment difficulties, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.268">268</a>-273;</li> +<li>impartiality, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.285">285</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Ascot and Nuneham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.291">291</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Woburn Abbey, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.295">295</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.296">296</a>;</li> +<li>carriage accident, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.298">298</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Whig Ministry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert as adviser, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.304">304</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.305">305</a>;</li> +<li>interview with Sir R. Peel and sorrow at parting with Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>seals of office exchanged, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.315">315</a>;</li> +<li>question of future correspondence with Lord Melbourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.330">330</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.331">331</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.340">340</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.353">353</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.360">360</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.361">361</a>;</li> +<li>indisposition, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.364">364</a>;</li> +<li>birth of first son, now King Edward VII., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.364">364</a>;</li> +<li>he is created Prince of Wales, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.366">366</a>;</li> +<li>domestic happiness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.366">366</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1842 Christening of the Prince of Wales, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.381">381</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>visit to Brighton, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.383">383</a>;</li> +<li>excursion to Portsmouth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384">384</a>;</li> +<li>decision to pay Income Tax, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>selection of a governess, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.390">390</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.394">394</a>;</li> +<li>ball at Buckingham Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.392">392</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.393">393</a>;</li> +<li>attempt by Francis on the Queen's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.398">398</a>;</li> +<li>Ascot and review of cavalry, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>first railway journey, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>list of presents sent by the Imam of Muscat, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>attempt by Bean on the Queen's life, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>death of the Duke of Orleans, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.408">408</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.409">409</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.413">413</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.416">416</a>;</li> +<li>strike riots, i, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.422">422</a>-428;</li> +<li>prorogues Parliament, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.425">425</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Scotland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.428">428</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.429">429</a>;</li> +<li>return to Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.430">430</a>;</li> +<li>steam yacht, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.432">432</a>;</li> +<li>domestic happiness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.436">436</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Walmer Castle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.436">436</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.438">438</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.443">443</a>;</li> +<li>King of Hanover's claim to Crown jewels, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.439">439</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="page515" id="page515"></a>[page 515]</span></li> +<li>and France, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.445">445</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.446">446</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1843 Gaieties at Windsor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.451">451</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>visit and recollections of Claremont, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.451">451</a>;</li> +<li>education of Prince of Wales, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.463">463</a>;</li> +<li>domestic happiness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.464">464</a>;</li> +<li>new chapel at Buckingham Palace, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.466">466</a>;</li> +<li>views on the verdict, not guilty but insane, in Macnaghten trial, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.469">469</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Consort to hold levées for the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.470">470</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.471">471</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.472">472</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.473">473</a>;</li> +<li>the toast of the Prince, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.475">475</a>;</li> +<li>birth and christening of Princess Alice, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.480">480</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.481">481</a>;</li> +<li>Turnpike riots in South Wales, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of the Duchess of Norfolk as Bedchamber Woman and successor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.484">484</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.486">486</a>;</li> +<li>suppression of duelling, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>;</li> +<li>the Crown jewels, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.487">487</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the King and Queen of France at Château d'Eu, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.490">490</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Belgium, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Cambridge, Wimpole, and Bourne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.496">496</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.497">497</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.500">500</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.503">503</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Sir R. Peel at Drayton Manor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.504">504</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>;</li> +<li>visit of Prince Consort to Birmingham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.507">507</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.510">510</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Belvoir Castle and Chatsworth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.510">510</a></li></ul></li> + +<li> 1844 Opens the new Royal Exchange, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>visit to Claremont, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.4">4</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>carriage accident, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>death of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>;</li> +<li><i>brochure</i> of Prince de Joinville, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.11">11</a>;</li> +<li>visit of the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.12">12</a>-16, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.20">20</a>;</li> +<li>domestic happiness, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.6">6</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>uncle and niece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.10">10</a>;</li> +<li>review in Windsor Great Park, and Ascot races, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.13">13</a>;</li> +<li>visit of King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.21">21</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a></li></ul></li> + +<li> 1845 Spanish marriage question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.32">32</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>state of Buckingham Palace, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.33">33</a>;</li> +<li>question as to Prince Albert's title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.34">34</a>;</li> +<li>sponsor to Sir R. Peel's grandson, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35">35</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's purchase of Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35">35</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a>;</li> +<li>Low Church bigotry, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.37">37</a>;</li> +<li>King Leopold's birthday letter, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.39">39</a>;</li> +<li>visit of the King of Holland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42"><i>42</i></a>;</li> +<li>on the Queen's absences from England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.43">43</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Holland and Coburg, and to Tréport to King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.44">44</a>;</li> +<li>Sir R. Peel's resignation and return to office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.48">48</a>-67;</li> +<li>letter from King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.57">57</a>;</li> +<li>reply, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.69">69</a>-70</li></ul></li> +<li> 1846 Opening of Parliament in person, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.73"><i>73</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>defeat of the Sikhs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.74">74</a>-76;</li> +<li>Coercion Bill, Ireland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.80">80</a>-85;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell forms a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.85">85</a>-87;</li> +<li>parting with Ministers, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.87">87</a>;</li> +<li>Spanish marriage question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.89">89</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.90">90</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.96">96</a>-107;</li> +<li>views as to dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.91">91</a>;</li> +<li>the Government of Canada, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.94">94</a>;</li> +<li>Duke of Wellington's statue, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>;</li> +<li>indignation at the engagement of the Queen of Spain, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.99">99</a>-109;</li> +<li>visit to Jersey, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.100">100</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.105">105</a>;</li> +<li>Peninsular War medals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.112">112</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.113">113</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1847 Views as to governing Portugal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.117">117</a>-120; +<ul class="index2"><li>Church patronage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.121">121</a>;</li> +<li>difference with Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.122">122</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.136">136</a>;</li> +<li>at the Opera to hear Jenny Lind, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a>;</li> +<li>Duke of Wellington's statue, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.124">124</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Ardverikie, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>and Mr. Cobden, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.131">131</a>;</li> +<li>foreign policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132">132</a>-134;</li> +<li>on the Swiss dispute, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.138">138</a>;</li> +<li>the Bishops and Dr Hampden, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.139">139</a>;</li> +<li>advance of money to Lord Melbourne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.140">140</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1848 Madame Adélaïde's death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.143">143</a>-146; +<ul class="index2"><li>abdication and flight of King Louis Philippe to Claremont, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.149"><i>149</i></a>-164;</li> +<li>Princess Louise born 18th March, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.166"><i>166</i></a>;</li> +<li>Chartist demonstration, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.167">167</a>-169;</li> +<li>displeased with Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.171">171</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.190">190</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.191">191</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.193">193</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.195">195</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234">234</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241">241</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>position of the French Royal Family, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.176">176</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.177">177</a>;</li> +<li>views on Foreign Policy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.180">180</a>;</li> +<li>eulogy on Prince Albert, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192">192</a>;</li> +<li>describes Balmoral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.194">194</a>;</li> +<li>views of the Austrian and Italian Questions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a>;</li> +<li>stays at Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>letter from Pope Pius IX., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.204">204</a>;</li> +<li>relations with France, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.206">206</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1849 Receives the Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>correspondence with Pope Pius IX., ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.209">209</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.210">210</a>;</li> +<li>letter from Napoleon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.210">210</a>;</li> +<li>memo. on French Republic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.213">213</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.214">214</a>;</li> +<li>Hamilton's attempt on her life, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>method of dealing with despatches, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.221">221</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.222">222</a>;</li> +<li>on Schleswig-Holstein Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.250">250</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.257">257</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.258">258</a>;</li> +<li>visits Ireland (Cork, Dublin, Waterford, Kingston, Belfast), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.223">223</a>-249;</li> +<li>Coal Exchange opened, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>thanksgiving after cholera epidemic, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228">228</a>;</li> +<li>death of Queen Adelaide, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.230">230</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1850 Pate's attack, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.253">253</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>the draft to Greece, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234">234</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.238">238</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's speech, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.240">240</a>;</li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page516" id="page516"></a>[page 516]</span>Koh-i-noor Diamond, +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.242">242</a>;</li> +<li>birth and christening of Prince Arthur, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.251">251</a>;</li> +<li>stays at Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>death of first Duke of Cambridge, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>duties of the Foreign Secretary, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.264">264</a>;</li> +<li>death of King Louis Philippe, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>visits Scotland, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>death of the Queen of the Belgians, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.266">266</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.267"><i>267</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.271">271</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.272">272</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston and the Haynau despatch, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.269">269</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.270">270</a>;</li> +<li>on Germany, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>on religious strife, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.277">277</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>Papal aggression, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.279">279</a>-282</li></ul></li> +<li> 1851 Principle of diplomatic appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.285">285</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>memo. on Sir J. Graham joining the Cabinet, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.286">286</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.287">287</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.289">289</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.304">304</a>;</li> +<li>difficulties in forming a Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>-315;</li> +<li>success of the Exhibition in Hyde Park, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.317">317</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.318">318</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.320">320</a>;</li> +<li>Guildhall ball, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.320">320</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Balmoral, Allt-na-Giuthasach and Lochnagar, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.321">321</a>-323;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston and Louis Kossuth, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.325">325</a>-331;</li> +<li>death of King of Hanover, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.331">331</a>;</li> +<li>views on Franchise and Suffrage proposals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.332">332</a>;</li> +<li>Louis Napoleon's <i>coup d'état</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334">334</a>;</li> +<li>dismissal of Lord Palmerston, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.342">342</a>-348;</li> +<li>review of Foreign Affairs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.351">351</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1852 Crown of Denmark, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.358">358</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>women and politics, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>;</li> +<li>New Houses of Parliament, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.363">363</a>;</li> +<li>pressure of business, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.366">366</a>;</li> +<li>change of Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>-377;</li> +<li>Household appointments, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.373">373</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.376">376</a>;</li> +<li>on Foreign Affairs, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.377">377</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>visits Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.378">378</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.417">417</a>;</li> +<li>on Italy, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.387">387</a>;</li> +<li>Louis Napoleon's position, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>visits Osborne, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391">391</a>;</li> +<li>inherits Mr Neild's fortune, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>visits Balmoral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>views on national defence, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.398">398</a>-400;</li> +<li>death of the Duke of Wellington, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>-396, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a>;</li> +<li>her admiration of his character, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.394">394</a>;</li> +<li>Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.397">397</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.407">407</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408"><i>408</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter to him, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>secret Protocol, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>;</li> +<li>views on Princess of Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a>-411, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.429">429</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Aberdeen's new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-430;</li> +<li>Lord Derby's tribute to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.426">426</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1853 French Emperor's marriage, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.433">433</a>-435; +<ul class="index2"><li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.431"><i>431</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.441">441</a>-444, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.449">449</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.452">452</a>-465;</li> +<li>views on Lord John Russell's position, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.438">438</a>;</li> +<li>birth of Prince Leopold (afterwards Duke of Albany), ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.444"><i>444</i></a>;</li> +<li>congratulations from the Emperor of Russia, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.444">444</a>;</li> +<li>views on India Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>correspondence with Emperor of Russia on Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.459">459</a>-465;</li> +<li>Lord Stratford's despatch, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a></li></ul></li> + +<li> 1854 Opens Crystal Palace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.2"><i>2</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>Press attacks on Prince Albert, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.1"><i>1</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.3">3</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a>;</li> +<li>on reception of Orleans family, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.6">6</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.7">7</a>;</li> +<li>Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.8">8</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.15">15</a>;</li> +<li>on competitive examinations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.10">10</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.11">11</a>;</li> +<li>desires augmentation of Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.12">12</a>;</li> +<li>Baltic Fleet sails, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16">16</a>;</li> +<li>correspondence with King of Prussia on Eastern Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16">16</a>-19, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.28">28</a>-30, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.31">31</a>-33;</li> +<li>declaration of war with Russia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.19"><i>19</i></a>;</li> +<li>on the defenceless state of England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.36">36</a>;</li> +<li>on the state of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.38">38</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.53">53</a>;</li> +<li>views on Army promotions, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.39">39</a>;</li> +<li>disapproves of special prayers for illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.40">40</a>;</li> +<li>French Emperor's letter after Prince Albert's visit, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.41">41</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.42">42</a>;</li> +<li>battle of the Alma, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.44">44</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.49">49</a>;</li> +<li>treatment of Indian Princes, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.47">47</a>;</li> +<li>views on Austrian Alliance, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.48">48</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>;</li> +<li>Balaklava, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.50">50</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51"><i>51</i></a>;</li> +<li>Inkerman, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.52">52</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.54">54</a>-56;</li> +<li>Crimean medal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.56">56</a>;</li> +<li>condition of hospital at Scutari, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.61"><i>61</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1855 Visits the French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>King of Sardinia visits England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>;</li> +<li>opinion on the "Four Points" negotiations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>confidence in Lord Aberdeen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.66">66</a>-68;</li> +<li>on the duties of Ambassadors and Foreign Secretaries, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.68">68</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.69">69</a>;</li> +<li>on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.72">72</a>-75;</li> +<li>memo. on the crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.74">74</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.75">75</a>;</li> +<li>on Government's resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.79">79</a>;</li> +<li>inability of Lord Derby and Lord John Russell to form a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.80">80</a>-96;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston forms a Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.96">96</a>-104;</li> +<li>letter to King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.107">107</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the wounded from Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.110">110</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Princess of Prussia on sudden death of the Czar, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.112">112</a>;</li> +<li>hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.113">113</a>;</li> +<li>Crimean medals, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.116">116</a>;</li> +<li>visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117">117</a>;</li> +<li>review in Windsor Park, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117"><i>117</i></a>;</li> +<li>investiture of the French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.117"><i>117</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter from the Emperor, and reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.118">118</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.119">119</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.122">122</a>-126;</li> +<li>distribution of medals, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.127">127</a>;</li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page517" id="page517"></a>[page 517]</span> +power of appointing Governor-General of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.127">127</a>, + <a class="index" href="#pageiii.128">128</a>;</li> +<li>death of Lord Raglan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129">129</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Lady Raglan, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.129">129</a>;</li> +<li>message to the Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.130">130</a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell resigns, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.131">131</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.132">132</a>;</li> +<li>Gen. Simpson's difficulties in the Crimea, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.134">134</a>;</li> +<li>Sunday bands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>;</li> +<li>account of her visit to France, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.135">135</a>-140;</li> +<li>letter to French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.137">137</a>;</li> +<li>first occupation of Balmoral, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>Sebastopol taken, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's message, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.142">142</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.143">143</a>;</li> +<li>Princess Royal's proposed marriage with Crown Prince of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.147">147</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's desire for a dockyard on the Forth, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.151">151</a>;</li> +<li>discusses proposals of peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.152">152</a>-154</li></ul></li> +<li> 1856 Victoria Cross, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160">160</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>correspondence with French Emperor on the ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.162">162</a>-164, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.172">172</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>views on the council of war at Paris, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.169">169</a>;</li> +<li>views of King of Sardinia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.168">168</a>;</li> +<li>England's policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.169">169</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Florence Nightingale, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.170">170</a>;</li> +<li>distribution of honours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.171">171</a>;</li> +<li>Commission on the conduct of Crimean officers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.174">174</a>;</li> +<li>question of marriage of Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.188">188</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.220">220</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's views on Treaty of Peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>-188;</li> +<li>peace fête at Crystal Palace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>enquiries before appointments offered, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a>;</li> +<li>memorandum on her husband's status, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.192">192</a>-194, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.196">196</a>;</li> +<li>Sunday bands, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.194">194</a>;</li> +<li>title of Prince Consort conferred, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.197"><i>197</i></a>;</li> +<li>review of Crimean troops, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.198"><i>198</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.199">199</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.200">200</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of Princess Mary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.206">206</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.209">209</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Empress of the French as to Treaty of Paris, and reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.207">207</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>Balmoral, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.209">209</a>;</li> +<li>defence of England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.212">212</a>;</li> +<li>death of Prince Charles of Leiningen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.216">216</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.217">217</a>;</li> +<li>letter to Louis Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1857 Indian Mutiny, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.236">236</a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>China War debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.231"><i>231</i></a>;</li> +<li>French Emperor's feelings towards England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.233">233</a>;</li> +<li>Princess Beatrice born, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234">234</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of Princess Charlotte of Belgium, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.234"><i>234</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.241"><i>241</i></a>;</li> +<li>Victoria Cross decoration, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.235">235</a>;</li> +<li>visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.242">242</a>;</li> +<li>views on defenceless state of England, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.241">241</a>-242;</li> +<li>urges reinforcements for India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.242">242</a>-246;</li> +<li>on necessity of increasing the Army, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.245">245</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.257">257</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.260">260</a>;</li> +<li>anxiety for India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.246">246</a>;</li> +<li>marriage of Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.253">253</a>;</li> +<li>death of Duchesse de Nemours, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.254">254</a>;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.255">255</a>;</li> +<li>opens Parliament in person, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.256"><i>256</i></a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1858 Prince Frederick William of Prussia (afterwards Emperor Frederick), +married to the Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>death of Duchess of Orleans, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>parting with the Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.263">263</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264</a>;</li> +<li>defeat of the Government on Conspiracy Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.265">265</a>;</li> +<li>formation of new Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.267">267</a>-272;</li> +<li>Prince of Wales's confirmation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>enquiries into the state of the Navy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.279">279</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.297">297</a>;</li> +<li>Crown prerogatives, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.294">294</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.295">295</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.296">296</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Emperor of the French, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296"><i>296</i></a>;</li> +<li>Proclamation to people of India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.298">298</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.304">304</a>;</li> +<li>duties of Secretary of State, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.299">299</a>;</li> +<li>Princess Royal's reception by the Prussians, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a>-456</li></ul></li> +<li> 1859 Dissolution on new Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>necessity for a strong Army and Navy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's speech, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313">313</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>birth of first grandchild (present German Emperor), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>;</li> +<li>letter to French Emperor advising peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.315"><i>315</i></a>;</li> +<li>Indian Army Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.316">316</a>-320;</li> +<li>opens Parliament, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.317"><i>317</i></a>;</li> +<li>letter to Emperor of Austria, and reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.322">322</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.323">323</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.324">324</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.325">325</a>;</li> +<li>proposed congress to settle the Italian Question, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.325">325</a>-334;</li> +<li>Queen's speech, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.335">335</a>-340;</li> +<li>defeat of the Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.342">342</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston forms a new Government, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.344">344</a>-349;</li> +<li>Committee on Military Departments, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.351">351</a>;</li> +<li>views on the war between France and Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.353">353</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.354">354</a>;</li> +<li>conclusion of peace arranged between the two Emperors, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.354"><i>354</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.360"><i>360</i></a>;</li> +<li>the Pope's opinion of England's policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.356">356</a>-359;</li> +<li>differences with Lord Palmerston and Lord J. Russell on England's Italian Policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.361">361</a>-373, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.374">374</a>-377;</li> +<li>objection to publication of divorce cases in daily papers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.378">378</a>;</li> +<li>congratulates French Emperor on peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.378">378</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1860 Volunteer Review in Hyde Park, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.379"><i>379</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>Prince of Wales visited Canada and United States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.405"><i>405</i></a>;</li> +<li>difficulties with Lord John Russell over the Italian Policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.383">383</a>;</li> +<li>Gladstone's Budget statement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.388">388</a>;</li> +<li>Earl Cowley's stormy interview with French Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.390">390</a>-394;</li> + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page518" id="page518"></a>[page 518]</span> +Prince of Wales visits Coburg and Gotha, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.397"><i>397</i></a>;</li> +<li>letters of thanks to Indian Civil servants, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.398">398</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Aldershot, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.400">400</a>;</li> +<li>Abolition of Paper Duties Bill thrown out by the House of Lords, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.400">400</a>-403;</li> +<li>engagement of Princess Alice to Prince Louis of Hesse, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405">405</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.415">415</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.418">418</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.419">419</a>;</li> +<li>visits Holyrood, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>Balmoral, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>proposed meeting with the Emperor of Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.408">408</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>appeal from the King of Naples, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.409">409</a>;</li> +<li>reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.412">412</a>;</li> +<li>appointment of bishops, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.417">417</a></li></ul></li> +<li> 1861 Death of Duchess of Kent, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>; +<ul class="index2"><li>third visit to Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.452">452</a>;</li> +<li>New Year's letter from French Emperor, and reply, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.423">423</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.427">427</a>;</li> +<li>detailed account of death of the King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.424">424</a>-426;</li> +<li>happiness of the Princess Royal, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.430">430</a>;</li> +<li>wedding day anniversary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.433">433</a>;</li> +<li>Garibaldi letter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.434">434</a>;</li> +<li>death of the Duchess of Kent, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>-439, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">447</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a>;</li> +<li>Mr Layard as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.444">444</a>-447;</li> +<li>King of Sweden's visit to Osborne, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>his views on the Foreign Affairs, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.448">448</a>-450;</li> +<li>the Queen's views, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.450">450</a>;</li> +<li>visits Frogmore, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.451">451</a>;</li> +<li>visits Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.452">452</a>;</li> +<li>coronation of the King and Queen of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.456">456</a>-458;</li> +<li>Queen of Prussia on Foreign Policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.460">460</a>;</li> +<li>appreciation of her Highland servant, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.461">461</a>;</li> +<li><i>Times</i> newspaper's attacks on Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.462">462</a>-464;</li> +<li>America's right to search neutral ships, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.466">466</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Consort's illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.468">468</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.470">470</a>;</li> +<li>slight improvement, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.470">470</a>;</li> +<li>the crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.472">472</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a>;</li> +<li>pathetic letter to King Leopold on death of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.476">476</a>;</li> +<li>death of Lady Canning, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.475">475</a>;</li> +<li>sympathetic letter to Viscount Canning, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.477">477</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Victoria, Princess Royal, birth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.251">251</a>; + <ul class="index1"><li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.319">319</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.322">322</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.364">364</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.436">436</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.451">451</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.493">493</a>; ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.3">3</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.5">5</a>;</li> +<li>at opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.276">276</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.317">317</a>;</li> +<li>riding accident, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.322">322</a>;</li> +<li>her character, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.156">156</a>;</li> +<li>question of marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.146">146</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.147">147</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.182">182</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.188">188</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.218">218</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.221">221</a>;</li> +<li>confirmation of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.185">185</a>;</li> +<li>birthday, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.216">216</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.240">240</a>;</li> +<li>marriage, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.253">253</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>;</li> +<li>parting from the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.263">263</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.264">264</a>;</li> +<li>reception by the Prussians, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a>-456;</li> +<li>birth of the present German Emperor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.313">313</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.332">332</a>;</li> +<li>visit to the Queen, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.335">335</a>;</li> +<li>birth of Princess Charlotte, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a>;</li> +<li>detailed account of death of King of Prussia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.424">424</a>-426;</li> +<li>domestic happiness of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.430">430</a>;</li> +<li>death of Duchess of Kent, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.435">435</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.438">438</a></li></ul></li> + +<li><i>Victoria and Albert</i>, Queen's yacht, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.42">42</a></li> + +<li>—— Cross, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160">160</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.235">235</a></li> + +<li>—— (Australia), governorship of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a></li> + +<li>Vienna, Congress of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.3">3</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Treaty of, ii.<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.72"> <i>72</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.114">114</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.455">455</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.469">469</a>;</li> +<li>Crimean Conference, its failure, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a>;</li> +<li>Conference of the Powers, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Villafranca, peace concluded at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.355"><i>355</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.359"><i>359</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.361"><i>361</i></a></li> + +<li>Villiers, George William Frederick, afterwards fourth Earl of Clarendon. <i>See</i> Clarendon</li> + +<li>—— Hon. Henry Montagu, Bishop of Carlisle, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.417">417</a></li> + +<li>—— Mr Charles, "Father of the House," i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.148">148</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Free Trade motion, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.381">381</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.399">399</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.404">404</a>;</li> +<li>proposed for office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Viscount, meaning of term, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.124">124</a></li> + +<li>Vivian, Sir Hussey, Master-General of the Ordnance, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.279">279</a></li> + +<li>Volunteer Review, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.406">406</a></li> + +<li><i>Vor-Parlament</i>, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.192"><i>192</i></a></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="W" id="W"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Waddington, Dr, Dean of Durham, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.453">453</a></li> + +<li>Walcheren Expedition, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a></li> + +<li>Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of, afterwards King Edward VII., birth, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.364">364</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Order of Black Eagle conferred, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.372">372</a>;</li> +<li>christening, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.380">380</a>;</li> +<li>education, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.463">463</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.475">475</a>;</li> +<li>Grand Cross of St Andrew, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.17">17</a>;</li> +<li>present from the King of the French, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.27">27</a>;</li> +<li>Duke of Cornwall, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.100">100</a>;</li> +<li>Irish title, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.224">224</a>;</li> +<li>opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.228"><i>228</i></a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Orders, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>;</li> +<li>confirmation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Napoleon at Cherbourg, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.296"><i>296</i></a>;</li> +<li>visit to Rome, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.306">306</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.311">311</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.321">321</a>;</li> +<li>tour in Canada and United States, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.380"><i>380</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.411"><i>411</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.413">413</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.414">414</a>;</li> +<li>visit to Coburg and Gotha, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396"><i>396</i></a>;</li> +<li>visit to Ireland, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.420"><i>420</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.452">452</a>;</li> +<li>goes to Cambridge, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.433"><i>433</i></a>;</li> +<li>death of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.476">476</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— tollbar disturbances, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.483">483</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.492">492</a></li> + +<li>Walewski, Madame, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a></li> + +<li>—— Count, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.133"><i>133</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li><i>coup d'état</i>, Paris, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.334"><i>334</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.339">339</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.344">344</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.347">347</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.407">407</a>;</li> +<li>proposed marriage of Louis Napoleon, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.410"><i>410</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.422">422</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.429">429</a>;</li> +<li>Eastern Question, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.442">442</a>;</li> +<li>Prince Albert's visit to Louis Napoleon, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.42">42</a>;</li> +<li>want of transports, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.51">51</a>;</li> +<li>curious letter, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.85"><i>85</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.154"><i>154</i></a>;</li> +<li>Treaty of Peace, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.160"><i>160</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.213"><i>213</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.215">215</a>;</li> +<li>right of asylum despatch, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.261"><i>261</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.266"><i>266</i></a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.276">276</a>;</li> +<li>and war with Austria, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.333">333</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.333"><i>333</i></a>;</li> +<li>resignation, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.383"><i>383</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Walker, Colonel, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.410">410</a></li> + +<li>Wallachia, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.262"><i>262</i></a></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page519" id="page519"></a>[page 519]</span>Walmer Castle, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.436">436</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.438">438</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.443">443</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Walpole, Spencer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.374">374</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.386">386</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.388">388</a>;</li> +<li>on education, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.390">390</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.391"><i>391</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428">428</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>Home Secretary, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.272">272</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.278">278</a>;</li> +<li>withdraws from Ministry, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Sir Robert, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.358">358</a></li> + +<li>War, Secretary at, duties of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>power to appoint Commander-in-Chief, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393"><i>393</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Warburton, Mr, Corn Law debate, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.218">218</a></li> + +<li>Ward, Mrs Horatia, daughter of Lord Nelson, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.41">41</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>pension for her children, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.40">40</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.41">41</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Rev., Dean of Lincoln, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.46">46</a></li> + +<li>Warre, Lieut.-Gen., Sir Wm., i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.423">423</a></li> + +<li>Wasa, Princess Caroline Stéphanie of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.408">408</a></li> + +<li>Washington, Prince of Wales's reception at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.405"><i>405</i></a></li> + +<li>Waterford, Queen's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.225">225</a></li> + +<li>—— Marquess of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.388">388</a></li> + +<li>Watson, Dr (afterwards Sir Thomas), Prince Consort's last illness, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a></li> + +<li>—— Admiral, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.250">250</a></li> + +<li>Weikersheim, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.396">396</a></li> + +<li>Weimar, Grand Duke of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.180">180</a>; +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.456">456</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>Wellesley, Lord Charles, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.23">23</a></li> + +<li>—— Sir Arthur (afterwards Duke of Wellington), and Convention of Cintra, +iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.175"><i>175</i></a></li> + +<li>Wellington, Duke of, Foreign Secretary, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.30"><i>30</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Reform Bill, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>;</li> +<li>on Canadian difficulty, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.100">100</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.155">155</a>;</li> +<li>interview with the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.157">157</a>;</li> +<li>convention of 1828, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.229">229</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.259">259</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.300">300</a>;</li> +<li>in the Cabinet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>Roman Catholic Question, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.365">365</a>;</li> +<li>christening of the Prince of Wales, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.376">376</a>;</li> +<li>Commander-in-Chief, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.420">420</a>;</li> +<li>on duelling, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.450"><i>450</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.485">485</a>;</li> +<li>i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.509">509</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.49">49</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.63">63</a>;</li> +<li>ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.55">55</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.63">63</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.65">65</a>;</li> +<li>on dissolution, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>;</li> +<li>statue, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.95">95</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.124"><i>124</i></a>;</li> +<li>Peninsular War medals, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.113">113</a>;</li> +<li>on intervention in Portugal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123">123</a>;</li> +<li>on defence of England, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.141"><i>141</i></a>;</li> +<li>Queen's tribute to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>Brevet promotions, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.227">227</a>;</li> +<li>Sir Charles Napier's resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.259">259</a>;</li> +<li>views on formation of new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.295">295</a>;</li> +<li>appeal to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.308">308</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.309">309</a>;</li> +<li>death, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.357"><i>357</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.392">392</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's appreciation of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.394">394</a>;</li> +<li>funeral arrangements, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.396">396</a>;</li> +<li>India's homage to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.401">401</a>;</li> +<li>funeral, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.402">402</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— College, foundation stone, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.195">195</a></li> + +<li>Welsh language, in schools, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.215">215</a></li> + +<li>Wemyss, Earl of, <i>see</i> Elcho</li> + +<li>Wessenberg, Baron, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.197">197</a></li> + +<li>Westbury, Lord, <i>see</i> Bethell, Sir Richard</li> + +<li>Westminster Abbey, the enthronisation, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.121">121</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.122">122</a></li> + +<li>Westminster, Marquess of, K.G., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.227"><i>227</i></a></li> + +<li>Westmorland, eleventh Earl of, Minister at Berlin, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.241">241</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.250">250</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.274">274</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>question of decorations, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.202">202</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Weyer, Sylvain van de, Belgian Foreign Minister, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.58">58</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.61">61</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.182">182</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.205">205</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.255">255</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.299">299</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.372">372</a>; iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.101">101</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.109">109</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.386">386</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Whalley, Mr, M.P., iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.402">402</a></li> + +<li>Wharncliffe, first Baron, Lord President of the Council, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.299">299</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.309">309</a></li> + +<li>Whateley, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li>Wheeler, General Sir Hugh, mutiny at Cawnpore, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.238"><i>238</i></a></li> + +<li>Whewell, Professor, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.348">348</a></li> + +<li>Whig Party, and the Royal Family, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>power of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>;</li> +<li>weakness of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.43"><i>43</i>,</a> <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.209"><i>209</i></a>;</li> +<li>Ministry of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.66">66</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.102"><i>102</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.106">106</a>;</li> +<li>resignation of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.154">154</a>;</li> +<li>resume office, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.171">171</a>;</li> +<li>Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.213">213</a>;</li> +<li>verge of dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.230">230</a>;</li> +<li>defeat, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.253"><i>253</i></a>;</li> +<li>in jeopardy, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.268">268</a>;</li> +<li>vote of censure, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.289">289</a>;</li> +<li>dissolution, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.301">301</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.308">308</a>;</li> +<li>Corn Law debate, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.465">465</a>;</li> +<li>unable to take office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.30"><i>30</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.58">58</a>-63;</li> +<li>and Protectionists, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>take office, ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.71"><i>71</i></a>;</li> +<li>Irish Coercion Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.79">79</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.81">81</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a>;</li> +<li>and Cobden, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>;</li> +<li>jealousies, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>Factory Act, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.115"><i>115</i></a>;</li> +<li>intervention in Portugal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.123"><i>123</i></a>;</li> +<li>Poor Law Commission, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a>;</li> +<li>repeal of Navigation Laws, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.208"><i>208</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.219">219</a>;</li> +<li>case of Don Pacifico and Mr. Finlay, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.231"><i>231</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.233">233</a>-239, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243"><i>243</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.244"><i>244</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.247"><i>247</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.248">248</a>;</li> +<li>suggested rearrangement of offices, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.236">236</a>;</li> +<li>Foreign Policy defended, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.252">252</a>;</li> +<li>in difficulties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.283"><i>283</i></a>;</li> +<li>Government defeat and resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.288">288</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.291">291</a>;</li> +<li>return to office, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.314">314</a>;</li> +<li>attempted fusion with Peelites, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.359">359</a>;</li> +<li>Militia Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>;</li> +<li>resignation, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.368">368</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.385">385</a>;</li> +<li>confusion of parties, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.403">403</a>;</li> +<li>defeat Government on House Tax, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.411">411</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.413">413</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.423">423</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.425">425</a>;</li> +<li>Lord Aberdeen forms a new Government, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.412">412</a>-430;</li> +<li>withdrawal of Reform Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.16"><i>16</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.23"><i>23</i></a>;</li> +<li>resignation of Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.58">58</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.61">61</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.63"><i>63</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.73">73</a>-76;</li> +<li>Lord Palmerston becomes Premier, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>;</li> +<li>Roebuck Motion, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.76">76</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.78">78</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.86">86</a>;</li> +<li>Government of 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.102">102</a>;</li> +<li>Cabinet, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.103">103</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.108">108</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>;</li> +<li>Lord John Russell accepts the Colonial Office, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>;</li> +<li>dissolution on Chinese debate, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.229"><i>229</i></a>;</li> +<li>return to power, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.307"><i>307</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Whiteside, Mr, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.239">239</a></li> + +<li>Whiting, page to Queen Victoria, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.12">12</a></li> + +<li>Wilberforce, Archdeacon (afterwards Bishop of Oxford), i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.333">333</a>; +ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.35">35</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.82">82</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.135">135</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Divorce Bill, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.231">231</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.232">232</a></li></ul></li> + + +<li><span class="pagenum"><a name="page520" id="page520"></a>[page 520]</span>Wilkie, Sir David, +i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.313">313</a></li> + +<li>William I., King of Prussia, <i>see</i> Prussia</li> + +<li>—— King of the Netherlands, <i>see</i> Holland</li> + +<li>—— IV. of England (formerly Duke of Clarence), politics, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.8">8</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.14">14</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.24">24</a>;</li> +<li>succession to the Throne, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>;</li> +<li>estrangement with Duchess of Kent, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.27"><i>27</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.68">68</a>;</li> +<li>death and review of his reign, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.19">19</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.20">20</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.56"><i>56</i></a>;</li> +<li>illness, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.71">71</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.72">72</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.73">73</a>;</li> +<li>death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.74">74</a>;</li> +<li>his children, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.258"><i>258</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Williams, General Fenwick, gallant defence of Kars, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.64"><i>64</i></a></li> + +<li>—— Mr, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.374">374</a></li> + +<li>Willis's Rooms, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.341"><i>341</i></a></li> + +<li>Willoughby, Lord, receptions at Court, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.385">385</a></li> + +<li>Wilson, James, Financial Secretary to Treasury, afterwards Privy Councillor, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.190">190</a></li> + +<li>Wimpole, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.504">504</a></li> + +<li>Winchester, Marquess of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.393">393</a></li> + +<li>Windsor, Queen's opinion of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.85">85</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>beauty of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.372">372</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Wiseman, Cardinal, made Archbishop of Westminster, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.232"><i>232</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.273"><i>273</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.278">278</a></li> + +<li>Woburn Abbey, Queen's visit to, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.295">295</a></li> + +<li>Wodehouse, Lady, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.205">205</a></li> + +<li>—— Lord (afterwards Earl of Kimberley), iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.377">377</a></li> + +<li>Women and Politics, Queen Victoria's view of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.362">362</a></li> + +<li>Wood, Sir Charles (afterwards Viscount Halifax), Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.84">84</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.86">86</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.109">109</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.130">130</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.132"><i>132</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.139">139</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.312">312</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.324">324</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.359">359</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>Seals of Office given up, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.375">375</a>;</li> +<li>Board of Control, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.421">421</a>;</li> +<li>and Disraeli, ii, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.428"><i>428</i></a>;</li> +<li>India Bill, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.447">447</a>;</li> +<li>and Lord John Russell, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.59">59</a>;</li> +<li>Government of, 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.93">93</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.97">97</a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.98">98</a>;</li> +<li>India Board, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.104">104</a>;</li> +<li>first Lord of Admiralty, 1855, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.109"><i>109</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.149">149</a>, <a class="index" href="#pageiii.253">253</a>;</li> +<li>position of Naval Force, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.191">191</a>;</li> +<li>financial crisis, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.256">256</a>;</li> +<li>Secretary for India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.349">349</a>;</li> +<li>Italian Policy, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.366">366</a>;</li> +<li>Indian titles, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.394">394</a>;</li> +<li>Indian Civil Service, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.398">398</a>;</li> +<li>artillery in India, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.473">473</a>;</li> +<li>letter on death of Prince Consort, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.474">474</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Woods, Sir William, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.204">204</a></li> + +<li>Woolwich Arsenal, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.22"><i>22</i></a></li> + +<li>Worcester, Deanery of, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.40">40</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>See of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.416">416</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Wordsworth, Rev. Dr Christopher, Headmaster of Harrow, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.349">348</a></li> + +<li>Woronzow, Prince Michael, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.494">494</a></li> + +<li>Worsley, Lord, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.287">287</a></li> + +<li>Woulfe, Stephen, afterwards Chief Baron for Ireland, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.62">62</a></li> + +<li>Wrangel, General von, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.454">454</a></li> + +<li>Würtemberg, Alexander, Duke of, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.4">4</a></li> + +<li>—— Crown Prince of, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.458">458</a></li> + +<li>—— King of, marriage, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.1">1</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to the Queen, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.90">90</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>—— Prince Alexander, of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.89">89</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.145">145</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.199">199</a></li> + +<li>Würtemberg, Princess Alexander of, death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.144">144</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.150">150</a></li> + +<li>—— Queen of, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.11">11</a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>visit to Frogmore, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.13">13</a></li></ul></li> + +<li>Wyse, Mr, British Envoy at Athens, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.229">229</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.234">234</a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.235">235</a>, +<a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.243"><i>243</i></a></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="Y" id="Y"></a> + <ul class="none"> + +<li>Yang-tze River, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.442"><i>442</i></a></li> + +<li>Yeh, Chinese Governor, and Sir John Bowring, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a>; +<ul class="index1"><li>ultimatum, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.223"><i>223</i></a></li></ul></li> + +<li>York, Duke of, character, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.5">5</a>, <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.10">10</a></li> + +<li>—— Prince Consort's visit to, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.184">184</a></li> + +<li>Yorke, Sir Joseph, death, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.384"><i>384</i></a></li> + +<li>Young, Sir John, High Commissioner, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.309"><i>309</i></a></li> + +<li>"Young England" party, ii. <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.1"><i>1</i></a>, <a class="index" href="../../24780/24780-h/24780-h.htm#pageii.16">16</a></li> + </ul> + + + <a name="Z" id="Z"></a> + <ul class="none" style="margin-bottom: 26em;"> + +<li>Zichy, Count Eugène, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.115">115</a></li> + +<li>Zollverein, i. <a class="index" href="../../20023/20023-h/20023-h.htm#pagei.289">289</a></li> + +<li>Zouaves, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.136">136</a></li> + +<li>Zurich, Treaty of Peace at, iii. <a class="index" href="#pageiii.308"><i>308</i></a>, +<a class="index" href="#pageiii.374"><i>374</i></a></li> + </ul> + + +<p class="center"><i>Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury.</i></p> +<p class="center"><i>Paper supplied by John Dickinson & Co., Ld., London.</i></p> + + + + +<table align="center" summary="note" width="560px" style="margin-top: 10em;"> +<tr><td class="note"><a name="tntag" id="tntag"></a> +<h4><a class="footnote" href="#tn">Transcriber's Note:</a></h4> +<p> +This is the third volume of three. </p> + +<p style="margin-top:-1em;">The index is in this volume, with links to all +three volumes; and some footnotes are linked between volumes.</p> + +<p style="margin-top:-1em;">These links are designed to work when +the book is read on line. However, if you want to download all +three volumes and have the links work on your own computer, +then follow these directions carefully. +</p> + +<p> +1. Create a directory (folder) named whatever you like (e.g., Victoria). +(The name of this directory (folder) is not critical, but the inner +folders <i>must</i> be named as listed below, or the links between +volumes will <i>not</i> work).</p> + +<p> +2. In that directory (folder) create 3 directories (folders) named</p> +<ul class="nonetn"> + <li>20023</li> + <li>24780</li> + <li>28649</li> + </ul> + +<p> +3. Create the following directories (folders): +</p> +<ul class="nonetn"> + <li>In the 20023 directory create a directory named 20023-h</li> + <li>In the 24780 directory create a directory named 24780-h</li> + <li>In the 28649 directory create a directory named 28649-h</li> + </ul> + +<p> +4. Download the <i>zipped</i> html version of each volume. +</p> +<ul class="nonetn"> + <li>Download Vol. I from <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20023">http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/20023</a></li> + <li>Download Vol. II from <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/24780">http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/24780</a></li> + <li>Download Vol. III from <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/28649">http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/28649</a></li> + </ul> + +<p> +5. Unzip the downloaded files and move them into the appropriate directories: +</p> +<ul class="nonetn"> + <li>Move the unzipped 20023-h.htm file and its "images" directory + into your 20023-h directory.</li> + <li>Move the unzipped 24780-h.htm file and its "images" directory + into your 24780-h directory.</li> + <li>Move the unzipped 28649-h.htm file and its "images" directory + into your 28649-h directory.</li> + </ul> + +<hr class="short" /> +<p> +Use the BACK button to return +from a link.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h5>Errata - old typos:</h5> + +<p>Obvious punctuation errors have been corrected.</p> + +<p>The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections.</p> +<p style="margin-top:-1em;">Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p> + +<p>Note: The letter 't' was omitted from three words ('sentiments', 'indépendants', and a second instance of 'sentiments', +in a letter fron Emperor François Joseph (<i>le 8 Mars 1859</i>). It seems unlikely to have been a printer's error.</p> + + + +</td></tr></table> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="pg" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LETTERS OF QUEEN VICTORIA, VOLUME III (OF 3), 1854-1861***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 28649-h.txt or 28649-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/8/6/4/28649">http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/6/4/28649</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution.</p> + + + +<pre> +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">http://www.gutenberg.org/license)</a>. + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">http://www.gutenberg.org</a> + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/</a> + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL</a> + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** +</pre> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/28649-h/images/0001-1400.png b/28649-h/images/0001-1400.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3d91fd1 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0001-1400.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0001-600.png b/28649-h/images/0001-600.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8b4c2b7 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0001-600.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0130-1100.png b/28649-h/images/0130-1100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c374255 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0130-1100.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0130-370.png b/28649-h/images/0130-370.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2250ef9 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0130-370.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0242-1100.png b/28649-h/images/0242-1100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6eb1b58 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0242-1100.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0242-347.png b/28649-h/images/0242-347.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..be9c1d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0242-347.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0330-1200.png b/28649-h/images/0330-1200.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0061ba7 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0330-1200.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0330-325.png b/28649-h/images/0330-325.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1fffb7b --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0330-325.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0482-1100.png b/28649-h/images/0482-1100.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..59e74ea --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0482-1100.png diff --git a/28649-h/images/0482-366.png b/28649-h/images/0482-366.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9fcd680 --- /dev/null +++ b/28649-h/images/0482-366.png |
