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diff --git a/29189-8.txt b/29189-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..61b38b0 --- /dev/null +++ b/29189-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1718 @@ +Project Gutenberg's A Letter From a Clergyman to his Friend,, by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Letter From a Clergyman to his Friend, + with an Account of the Travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver + +Author: Anonymous + +Editor: Martin Kallich + +Release Date: June 21, 2009 [EBook #29189] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LETTER FROM A CLERGYMAN *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + + + A + LETTER + FROM A + Clergyman to his Friend, + WITH AN ACCOUNT OF + THE TRAVELS + OF + Captain _LEMUEL GULLIVER_. + + (Anonymous) + + (1726) + + + _Introduction by_ + MARTIN KALLICH + + + PUBLICATION NUMBER 143 + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + 1970 + + + + + GENERAL EDITORS + + William E. Conway, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + George Robert Guffey, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + + + ASSOCIATE EDITOR + + David S. Rodes, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + + + ADVISORY EDITORS + + Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_ + James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_ + Ralph Cohen, _University of Virginia_ + Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_ + Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_ + Earl Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_ + Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_ + Lawrence Clark Powell, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + James Sutherland, _University College, London_ + H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_ + Robert Vosper, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + + + CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + + Edna C. Davis, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + + + EDITORIAL ASSISTANT + + Roberta Medford, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_ + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + + We have a Book lately publish'd here which hath of late taken up + the whole conversation of the town. Tis said to be writ by Swift. + It is called, The travells of Lemuell Gulliver in two Volumes. It + hath had a very great sale. People differ vastly in their + opinions of it, for some think it hath a great deal of wit, but + others say, it hath none at all. + + John Gay to James Dormer (22 November 1726) + + +As Gay's letter suggests, details concerning the contemporary +reception of _Gulliver's Travels_ exhibit two sides of Jonathan +Swift's character--the pleasant (that is, merry, witty, amusing) and +the unpleasant (that is, sarcastic, envious, disaffected). A person +with a powerful ego and astringent sense of humor, Swift must have +been a delightful friend, if somewhat difficult, but also a dangerous +enemy. _A Letter from a Clergyman_ (1726), here reproduced in a +facsimile of its first and only edition, is a reaction typical of +those who regard Swift and the sharp edge of his satire with great +suspicion and revulsion. It displays the dangerously Satanic aspect of +Swift--that side of his character which for some people represented +the whole man since the allegedly blasphemous satire in _A Tale of a +Tub_, published and misunderstood early in his career, critically +affected, even by his own admission, his employment in the Church. It +is this evil character of the author, the priest with an indecorous +and politically suspect humor, that offended some contemporary +readers. To them, the engraved frontispiece of Jonathan Smedley's +scurrilous _Gulliveriana_ (1728) is the proper image of the author of +the _Travels_. It portrays Swift in a priest's vestments that barely +conceal a cloven hoof. + +In the following pages, we shall define the historical context of the +clergyman's _Letter_ and illuminate the nature of the literary warfare +in which Swift was an energetic if not particularly cheerful +antagonist when _Gulliver's Travels_ was published late in 1726. + +In another letter, Gay remarked to Swift (17 November 1726) that "The +Politicians to a man agree, that it [the _Travels_] is free from +particular reflections"; nevertheless some "people of greater +perspicuity" would "search for particular applications in every +leaf." He also predicted that "we shall have keys publish'd to give +light into Gulliver's design." His prediction was correct, for it was +not long before four _Keys_, the earliest commentary in pamphlet form +on the _Travels_, were published by a Signor Corolini, undoubtedly a +pseudonym for Edmund Curll, the London printer and bookseller. But +surprisingly, the observations do not exhibit Swift in a harsh +factional light. As a matter of fact, in his introduction to the +_Keys_, which are entitled _Lemuel Gulliver's Travels into Several +Remote Nations of the World. Compendiously Methodized, For Publick +Benefit: With Observations and Explanatory Notes Throughout_ (1726), +Curll flatters Swift as possessing "the true Vein of Humour and polite +Conversation" (I, 4). Regarding the _Travels_, he observes, "The Town +are infinitely more eager after them than they were after _Robinson +Crusoe_" (I, 5). + +In general, the _Keys_ are pleasantly written, including no nasty +innuendoes critical of Swift's high-church sectarian zeal or his +high-flying Tory political sympathies. They may be considered a +frankly commercial venture meant to exploit the popularity of the +_Travels_. Curll merely summarizes the narratives, occasionally +providing substantial extracts or sprinkling explanatory comments on +some allusions that attract him. Some of the annotations are +ridiculous, or curious, like the equations of Blefuscu with Scotland, +of the storm Gulliver passes through before reaching Brobdingnag with +"the _South-Sea_ and _Mississippi_ Confusion," and of the giants with +inflated South Sea stock (II, 4). Some remarks, however, appear +convincing, such as his belief that "the _trifling Transactions_ of +the present _English Royal Society_" on insects and fossils are +"finely rallied" (II, 11-12). Curll also notes about the third voyage +that "besides the political Allegory, Mr. _Gulliver_ has many shrewd +Remarks upon Men and Books, Sects, Parties, and Opinions" (III, +10-11). Concerning the fourth, he equates the good Portuguese Captain +Don Pedro with the Dean's "good Friend the Earl of _P[eterboroug]h_" +(IV, 26). The Roman Catholic Peterborough, we recall, fought in Spain +and was also Pope's good friend. + +Other more suggestive comments on Swift's political meaning may be +cited. For example, the "_ancient Temple_" in which Gulliver is housed +in Lilliput, a structure "_polluted ... by an unnatural Murder_," he +identifies as "the _Banquetting-House_ at _White-Hall_, before which +Structure, King CHARLES I was Beheaded" (I, 7-8). This allusion to +"the _Royal-Martyr_" (III, 32) may be considered a modest clue to +Swift's Toryism, and it is associated with the Jacobitism of which his +Whiggish enemies accused him. Yet an unusual reading of the +Struldbruggs in the third voyage (particularly the controls imposed on +the senile creatures in order to prevent their engrossing the civil +power) as an attack on the religious dissenters demonstrates that +Curll and Swift agreed on the issue of an established church. The +clergy who wished to separate state from church, or as Curll describes +the situation, + + that implacable Spirit and Rancour ... [of] those _English_ + Ecclesiasticks, who have asserted the _Independency_ of the + _Church_ upon the _State_ ... ought to the latest Posterity in + _England_, to be called _Struldbruggs_. For it will be found ... + that, _whenever they assume the_ Civil Power, _their want_ of + Abilities _to_ manage, _must end in the_ Ruin _of the_ Publick. + (III, 32) + + +Indeed, among the most interesting of Currl's annotations are those +which suggest that a religious reading of the _Travels_ was by no +means unappreciated by Swift's contemporaries. Thus, again, besides +his unusual politico-religious comment on the Struldbruggs, Curll is +fairly sharp in his annotation of the passage on religious differences +in Chapter V of the fourth voyage, concerning "_Transubstantiation_ as +believed by the _Papists_," "Cathedral-worship," kissing the Crucifix, +vestments,--and resulting furious religious wars (IV, 12-13). All in +all, however, the _Keys_ are singularly shallow and agreeably bland. +Curll simply agrees with Gulliver-Swift, and reinforces the meaning by +practically repeating the text, as he does at this point when +deploring inessential differences in ritual as needless causes of +cruel conflict. Although Curll was aware of the presence of politics +and religion in Swift's allegories, his annotations do not reflect +unfavorably on Swift's character. + +But it was not long before an attack on Swift was mounted. It began +with _A Letter from a Clergyman to His Friend, With an Account of the +Travels of Capt. Lemuel Gulliver: And a Character of the Author. To +Which is Added, The True Reasons Why a Certain Doctor Was Made a Dean_ +(1726)--the first substantial attack on Swift resulting from the +publication of his most celebrated work. The identity of the author is +unknown. Steele, Swift's implacable political enemy, had retired to +the country at this time and was soon to die. Because of the numerous +references to Swift's treacherous disloyalty to Steele's friendship, +we could speculate on a connection between the anonymous author and +Steele and infer that it was a friendly relationship. + +The long and breathless title underlines the malicious content of this +polemical pamphlet, a pungent libel on Swift's character that includes +cutting observations on Swift's chief fiction as well. Obviously, the +author's intent is to vilify Swift in retaliation for attacks on the +writer's friends. Inspired by the publication of the _Travels_, he +presents a crudely defamatory "Character of the Author." He claims an +acquaintance with Swift "in publick and private Life" (p. 4) but +offers no evidence to substantiate this claim. Drawing from common +knowledge, he simply cites the well-known negative evidence of _A Tale +of a Tub_, in which Swift, he indignantly asserts like Swift's former +enemy William Wotton, "levelled his Jests at Almighty God; banter'd +and ridiculed Religion," thereby offending Queen Anne and blocking his +own church preferment (p. 19). Except for "some gross Words, and lewd +Descriptions, and had the Inventor's Intention been innocent" (p. 6 +[note the suspicion of Swift's political and religious bias]), the +author is mildly pleased with the first three voyages. But he finds +intolerable the satire on human nature in the last, here echoing +Addison's criticism of the demoralizing effect of a satire on mankind +(_Spectator 249_, 5 December 1711). + +However, Swift's "Intention" in the first three voyages is, he angrily +declares, tinctured by his poisonous malice and envy, the result of +twelve years of exile. He is positive of the identity of the vicious +person behind the mask of the imaginary memoirist: + + Here, Sir, you may see a reverend Divine, a dignify'd Member of + the Church unbosoming himself, unloading his Breast, discovering + the true Temper of his Soul, drawing his own Picture to the Life; + here's no Disguise, none could have done it so well as + himself.... (p. 8) + +He detects envy in what he believes is the incendiary narrator of the +_Travels_, and insists that by siding with the enemies of the nation, +meaning France, Swift was "endeavouring to ruin the _British_ +Constitution, set aside the _Hanover_ Succession, and bring in a +[tyrannical] Popish Pretender," and, of course, "destroy our Church +Establishment" (pp. 14, 8-9). Thereupon, he furiously threatens Swift +with punishment for his pernicious attack on the government, that is, +the present political administration. Clearly motivated by +politico-religious fears, this Whig militantly defends not only the +Protestant succession but also the ministry of Sir Robert +Walpole--which the numerous allusions to the "_Great Man_" and "the +greatest Man this Nation ever produced" (p. 15) confirm. Swift's mean +character of Flimnap, the Lilliputian Prime Minister, stung badly: +"With what Indignation must every one that has had the Honour to be +admitted to this _Great Man_, review the Doctor's charging him with +being morose" (p. 15). He counters Swift's insulting reduction of the +Great Man to a petty little man with an egregiously fulsome panegyric +that magnifies the virtues of Sir Robert's public and private +character, and concludes with abuse of Swift's character as an Irish +dean disaffected from the government--hence deserving of permanent +exile in Ireland.[1] + +The author of the fiery _Letter_ focuses on Swift's impiety--pointing +to his wickedness, the sneering tone of his sacrilegious satire, his +indiscreet joking about religion, all of which Swift's enemies were +quick to emphasize as the outstanding features of _A Tale of a Tub_, +as well as portions of the _Travels_. For example, even Gay, in the +letter to Swift quoted above (17 November 1726) also noted that those +"who frequent the Church, say his [Gulliver's] design is impious, and +that it is an insult on Providence, by depreciating the works of the +Creator,"--a line of attack soon to be pursued by Edward Young, James +Beattie, and others who were not in the least charmed by Swift's +satire. But Swift's friends were not idle; for it was precisely this +bitter onslaught on Swift's religion in the _Letter_ that brought +another writer to the defense in the ironically entitled _Gulliver +Decypher'd: or Remarks on a Late Book, Intitled, Travels Into Several +Remote Nations of the World, Vindicating the Reverend Dean on Whom it +is Maliciously Father'd, With Some Conjectures Concerning the Real +Author_ (1726).[2] + +This writer, probably John Arbuthnot, may be considered one of the +earliest defenders of the religious orthodoxy of the _Travels_. He +extracts passages from Swift's work, such as the Lilliputian quarrel +over breaking eggs, the satire on corrupt bishops, and the affirmation +of the principle of limited toleration for religious dissent in +Brobdingnag as evidences of his belief, presented ironically, that +"the Reverend Dean" could not possibly have fathered the work because +the author of the _Travels_ did not have religious ideals in mind. One +of the passages that this defender cites demonstrates that only a +person like the religious dean could have made this observation about +the concern for religious instruction by the Lilliputians before their +fall from original perfection: + + ... we cannot think, but that the courteous Reader is fully + satisfied, that the Reverend D---- we are vindicating, cannot + possibly be the Author of this part of the Book that is + maliciously ascrib'd to him; which is so very trifling, that it + is not to be imagined that a _serious_ D----n, who has Religion, + and the good of Souls so _much_ at heart, could act so contrary + to the Dignity of his Character merely to gratify a little Party + Malice, or to oblige a Set of People who are never likely to have + it in their Power to serve him or any of their Adherents. + Doubtless he, _good Man_, employs his Time to more sacred + Purposes than in writing Satyrs and Libels upon his Superiors, or + in composing _Grub-street_ Pamphlets to divert the Vulgar of all + Denominations.[3] + + +Consider also his defense of Swift's exposure of the corrupt bishops, +the "holy Persons" in the House of Lords (_Travels_, II, vi). +Believing that Swift's pungent satire on the church hierarchy is good +and true, he makes the dean himself the target of a playful bit of +raillery, a type of irony for which Swift and Arbuthnot were both +notorious: + + Being _slavish prostitute Chaplains_ is certainly a good step + _towards becoming an Holy Lord_; but it does not always succeed, + as _some Folks_ very well know by Experience; for the same Degree + of Iniquity that can raise one Man to an _Archbishoprick_, + cannot lift another above a _Deanery_.[4] + +Such commentary suggests that at least one very early reader of the +_Travels_ sensed the possibility of Swift's use of certain portions of +his narrative to vent disappointment at his failure to receive the +church preferment he thought he deserved and to carry on his personal +vendetta against obstructive bishops like the "crazy Prelate" Sharpe, +Archbishop of York, one of the detestable and "dull Divines" pilloried +in the autobiographical poem "The Author Upon Himself" (1714). + +Concerning Swift's religious uniformitarianism, the author of +_Gulliver Decypher'd_ defends Swift's understandable bias for the +established Anglican Church as a vested interest, which in the +_Travels_ is expressed through the giant king's strictures against +civil liberty for religious dissenters (II, vi). He recommends this +passage as a proper explanation of the principle restricting the civil +liberty of potentially subversive dissidents, adding, furthermore, +that "the Sectaries" themselves were "averse to all the Modes" of +religion and opposed religious diversity.[5] + +All these remarks figured prominently in what may be considered the +earliest debate on the religious meaning of the _Travels_. Certainly, +some contemporary readers of Swift's major work were not insensitive +to its religious significance, as even the commentary on the religious +instruction of the upper classes--a relatively minor part of the +satire which twentieth-century readers would easily overlook, as well +as the more serious observations on the Endian dispute between +Catholics and Protestants over the Eucharist demonstrate. Yet like all +the early critics of the _Travels_, this author has nothing to say +about this episode of central importance in the narrative about +Lilliput, the reason probably being that its meaning was taken for +granted by the Protestants of Swift's England. Thus the author of +_Gulliver Decypher'd_ merely says the obvious: "The Reflections that +will accrue to every Reader, upon this Conference [with Reldresal], is +[_sic_] so obvious, that we shall not so much as hint at them."[6] +Thus it is also not strange for the antagonistic clergyman to say +nothing in his _Letter_ about the heart of the Lilliputian +narrative--the profound allegory on the religious wars over the +Eucharist and the serious issues raised by Swift. No doubt, however, +he probably read Swift's interpretation of Gulliver's role in this +conflict as a Tory version of history, and resented it accordingly. +That is, like the Whigs of the day, he would object to an easy peace +for Catholic France and would conclude that the Treaty of Utrecht +concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, was not sufficiently +punitive. + +Among the works that capitalized on the popularity of the _Travels_ +were the imitative _Memoirs of Lilliput_ (1727) and _A Voyage to +Cacklogallinia_ (1727). The author of the _Memoirs_ emphasizes the +evil character of the Lilliputians, particularly their lecherous +clergy, and concludes with an account of the sufferings of Big-Endian +exiles and extensive observations on the dangers of political +factionalism. But he is most attracted by prurient sexual adventures. +A vulgar work obviously meant to appeal to a neurotic taste for +sexuality, it includes no attack on Swift as it explores at length +some topics to which Gulliver in his memoirs only tangentially +alludes. The second abortive effort, an animal satire of exotic +talking fowl, also resembles Swift's satire as it touches on several +similar topics--the hypocrisy of the people, the scepticism of their +nobility, the love of luxury of the higher clergy--but again because +it includes no comment on Swift's personal or public character, it is +not relevant to a discussion of the angry _Letter from a Clergyman_. +We can therefore pass quickly from these two works to perhaps the +best, in the sense of the most stinging and most comprehensive, +assault on Swift at the time of the publication of his _Travels_, that +entitled _Gulliveriana_ (1728), by the Irish Dean of Clogher, Jonathan +Smedley. + +"That rascall Smedley," about whom Swift once wrote in vexation (to +Archdeacon Walls, 19 December 1716), is the very same hack who carried +on the subsidized _Baker's News; or the Whitehall Journal_ (1722-23) +on behalf of Sir Robert Walpole's government. He is also immortalized +in Pope's _Dunciad_ (1728) as "a person dipp'd in scandal, and deeply +immers'd in dirty work" (_Dunciad_ A, II, 279ff; B, II, 291ff). His +_Gulliveriana_ (including the satires on Pope, the _Alexandriana_), a +scurrilous anthology of abuse in the form of jingles, ballads, +parodies in prose, and other satirical essays, was inspired by the +recent publication of the Pope-Swift _Miscellany_. In his preface +Smedley indicts Swift for an almost endless series of misdemeanors--for +shifting his allegiance from the Whigs to the Tories; for restricting +his verse to the burlesque style and its groveling doggerel manner; +for failing in eloquence and oratory, theology and mathematics; and +for being a pedant, poetaster, hack-politician, jockey, gardener, +punster, and skilful swearer. In short Smedley insists that Swift is +accomplished in the art of sinking according to the prescription which +he and Pope wrote in the _Peri Bathos_, the first part of the +_Miscellany_ that aroused Smedley's ire. Swift is, to sum up, +"_ludicrous, dull, and profane_; and ... an Instance of _that Decay of +Delicacy and Refinement_ which he mentions" (p. xxvii). As for the +recently published _Gulliver's Travels_, Smedley shows it no mercy: + + An abominable Piece! by being _quite out of Life_! The _Fable_ is + entirely ridiculous; the _Moral_ but ludicrous; the _Satire_ + trite and worn out, and the _Instructions_ much better perform'd + by many other Pens. I call on his _Lilliputian Art of + Government_, and _Education of Children_ for Proof. (p. xix) + +It comes as no surprise to see that Smedley's Whiggish bias encourages +him to detect "hints" in the _Travels_ of Swift's "Zeal for High +Church and Toryism" (p. 280), so that obviously the work is +"_Trifling_" and "_Nothing_." + + The pious Dean has done what in him lies to render _Religion_, + _Reason_, and _common_ Sense ridiculous, and to set up in their + stead, _Buffoonry_, _Grimace_, and _Impertinence_, and, like + _Harlequin_, carries it off all with a _Grin_. (p. 267)[7] + + +Among Smedley's clever parodies of Swift's writings are those of _A +Tale of a Tub_, _Against Abolishing Christianity_, and _Gulliver's +Travels_. The comprehensiveness of abuse is demonstrated in the nasty +Gulliverian allegory, in which Swift is accused of being an ignorant, +hypocritical, atheistical Irishman, high-flying Tory, and Jacobite +Papist. Even Swift's sex life--his relationship with Stella and +Vanessa--is made ugly (pp. 1-10). Indeed, Smedley believes that it is +his duty to keep his readers well-informed about Swift's "odd" +conduct; thus with evident relish he advises the poet to + + Tell us what _Swift_ is now a doing: + Or whineing Politicks or Wooing; + With Sentence grave, or Mirth uncommon, + Pois'ning the Clergy, and the Women. (p. 41) + +Among the ballads, one will see the infamous "Verses, fix'd on the +Cathedral Door, the Day of Dean Gulliver's Installment," which begins +with the following delectable quatrain: + + Today, this Temple gets a _Dean_, + Of Parts and Fame, uncommon; + Us'd, both to Pray, and to Prophane, + To serve both _God_ and _Mammon_. + +Then the poem proceeds with the usual diatribe of Swift's desertion of +the Whigs, his atheism, high-church sympathies, and sacrilegious humor +(pp. 77-79). + +In almost every conceivable literary style Smedley takes exception to +Swift's divinity and politics and attempts to blacken Swift's +character. As we should expect, differences over politics and religion +were determining causes. Thus Smedley adores the outstanding literary +Whig Addison, contrasting the polish and beauty of Addison's style +with Swift's failures, ugliness, ineptitude, vulgarity, intolerable +filthiness. Likewise, following the author of the _Letter_, he writes +favorably of Steele, castigating Swift for his treacherous betrayal of +Steele's friendship. But his catalogue of Swift's vices is far more +intriguing than that of our clergyman, his gossip far more detailed +and malicious. Clearly, Swift could not possibly do anything to please +some of his readers. If their hostile reactions have any meaning, they +prove that Swift's political connections and high-church sympathies +prevented many of his contemporaries from responding to the virtues of +_Gulliver's Travels_; and that, on the contrary, his chief work was +tapped for evidence of the author's suspected impiety and partisan +politics. + +That this hostility persisted far into the eighteenth century may be +seen in the illuminating anecdote told in the 1780's by Horace +Walpole, son of the "Great Man" so glowingly praised in the _Letter +from a Clergyman_: + + Swift was a good writer, but had a bad heart. Even to the last he + was devoured by ambition, which he pretended to despise. Would + you believe that, after finding his opposition to the ministry + fruitless, and, what galled him still more, contemned, he + summoned up resolution to wait on Sir Robert Walpole? Sir Robert + seeing Swift look pale and ill, inquired the state of his health, + with his usual old English good humour and urbanity. They were + standing by a window that looked into the court-yard, where was + an ancient ivy dropping towards the ground. "Sir," said Swift, + with an emphatic look, "I am like that ivy; I want support." Sir + Robert answered, "Why then, doctor, did you attach youself to a + falling wall?" Swift took the hint, made his bow, and retired.[8] + + +Northern Illinois University + + + + +NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION + + +[1] In _The Intelligencer, No. III_ (1728), Swift defends Gay's satire +on the "Great Man," _The Beggar's Opera_ (1728), and continues his +offensive against Sir Robert Walpole. Here it may be mentioned that in +his apology for the irony used by persecuted dissenters, Anthony +Collins [_A Discourse Concerning Ridicule and Irony_ (1729)] remarks +that "High-Church" overlooked Swift's "_drolling_ upon Christianity," +and was unwilling to punish him because of his "_Drollery_ upon the +_Whigs_, _Dissenters_, and the _War_ with _France_." Collins +interprets the effect of Swift's wit on his church career as follows: +"And his Usefulness in _Drollery_ and _Ridicule_ was deem'd sufficient +by the _Pious_ Queen _Anne_, and her _pious Ministry_, to intitle him +to a Church Preferment of several hundred Pounds _per Ann._ ... +notwithstanding [the objections of] a _fanatick High-Churchman_, who +weakly thought _Seriousness_ in Religion of more use to High-Church +than _Drollery_" (pp. 39-40). + +[2] G. A. Aitken, _The Life and Works of John Arbuthnot_ (Oxford, +1892), pp. 123-124; and H. Teerink-Arthur H. Scouten, _A Bibliography +of the Writings of Jonathan Swift_ (Philadelphia, 1963), No. 1216, +consider it an uncomplimentary attack on Swift and his friends--but +mistakenly, I believe. Lester M. Beattie, _John Arbuthnot: +Mathematician and Satirist_ (Cambridge, Mass., 1935), p. 311, +unqualifiedly rejects Arbuthnot's authorship of this work. But a +correspondent to _Notes and Queries_, Sixth Series, VII (1883), +451-452, argues convincingly for the attribution to Arbuthnot. + +[3] _Gulliver Decypher'd_ (London, 1726), pp. 29-30; reprinted in +Arbuthnot's _Miscellaneous Works_ (Glasgow, 1751), I, 100. + +[4] _Gulliver Decypher'd_, pp. 26n, 35; _Misc. Works_, I, 97n, 104. + +[5] _Gulliver Decypher'd_, p. 38; _Misc. Works_, I, 106. + +[6] _Gulliver Decypher'd_, p. 25; _Misc. Works_, I, 97. + +[7] John Oldmixon, another Whig writer, repeats some of these slanders +against Swift, even using some of the same words like "Trifling and +Grimace"--in his reactions to the Swift-Pope _Miscellanies_ and +_Gulliver's Travels_. He too finds the tales in the _Travels_ +frivolous because lacking a moral and the satire a debasing of "the +Dignity of human Nature" (_The Arts of Logick and Rhetorick_ [London, +1728], pp. 416-418). + +[8] John Pinkerton, _Walpoliana_ (London, n.d.), I, 126-127. For +additional typical evidences of Horace Walpole's antipathy, see his +angry assaults on Swift's insolence, arrogance, vanity, and hypocrisy +(including sexuality), in his letters to Montagu, 20 June 1766 and to +Horace Mann, 13 January 1780; and a remark in his _Anecdotes of +Painting, Works_ (London, 1798), III, 438. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE + +This facsimile of _A Letter from a Clergyman_ (1726) is reproduced +from a copy in the British Museum. + + + + + A + LETTER + FROM A + Clergyman to his Friend, + With an ACCOUNT of the + TRAVELS + OF + Capt. _Lemuel Gulliver_: + AND A + Character of the Author. + To which is added, + The True REASONS why a + certain DOCTOR was made + a DEAN. + + + _LONDON_: + Printed for _A. MOORE_ near St. _Paul's_. + MDCCXXVI. _Price 3d._ + + + + +[Illustration: Decorative Border] + +A LETTER FROM A CLERGYMAN TO HIS FRIEND. + + +_Sir_, + +To let the Town into the chief Motives for this Publication, I am +obliged to acquaint them, that it is my Love of Truth and Justice, +enforc'd by my Inclination to please my Friend; the Motive, all will +undoubtedly allow to be a laudable one; and I could, if required, +give so many unanswerable Reason for being influenc'd by the Latter, +that to an impartial Reader it would appear almost as sufficient, for +my proceeding thus, as the Former. Your Desires, Sir, shall always be +comply'd with by me to the utmost of my Power; I ever have, and ever +shall look upon your Requests as Commands; and as such esteem them my +Honour. + +'Tis hardly to be imagined that an Objection will so readily be made +to my Undertaking on any Account, as that of my Inequality to it; +therefore I shall only hint, that as every Man in the like Case, +unless totally incapable, may if requir'd, give his Judgment, provided +he does it with Impartiality and Candour, so I shall be regardless +what others say, while I strictly adhere to these Principles, and meet +with your Approbation. + +You was pleased to say at our last Conversation, that you look'd upon +me to be rather more capable of giving a just Character of the reputed +Author of these Travels, than most Men in Town, from my having been +Conversant with him in publick and private Life; in his early Days, as +well as since; when he first appear'd in the World; at home and +abroad; in the Camp and Cabinet; a little when he was in Favour, more +since in Disgrace; and thus, Sir, your Expectations seem to enlarge. +But here for the sake of our Cloth I must beg Leave to draw a Viel, +and to keep it on, as much, and as long, as the Nature of my Design +will admit: Was I indeed to follow the Captain's Example, what vile, +what cruel Things might I not suggest of him? What hard Things could I +not prove? Which many would recollect as well as my self, and more +would believe: How might I justly turn his Artillery upon himself, and +stifle him with that Filth he has so injuriously loaded others with; +if the greatest Heap that ever was scraped together would stifle him +who is entitled to it all; But I forbear now, and am resolved to do +so, unless oblig'd to break this Determination to preserve, as I +hinted before, the Consistency of my Undertaking. + +I began a little to hesitate at my Design, upon being informed, that +the Captain was not here to answer for himself; thinking it something +Dishonourable to attack a Man in this Method that was obliged to +abscond; but when I considered that if these Enormities were not to be +taken notice of, till the Author should venture to come into _Great +Britain_, they might wholly pass with Impunity, my Dilemna was no +more: No, the Captain is certainly gone for Life; he has now taken a +Voyage from whence he never can, never dares return; this he'll find +the longest he ever made, and the last from hence he can make. + +Besides when a Performance of this Nature is once publick, I conceive +it submitted to the Judgment of all, and of Course to be approved, +receiv'd or rejected, and in a Word, treated as various Opinions, +Inclinations, Interests or Apprehensions influence those who peruse +it: Some will undoubtedly approve of the Captain's Production because +'tis scandalous and malicious; others will disapprove of it for the +very same Reasons; for the Tasts of Mankind being as different as +their Constitutions, they must of Consequence be often as opposite as +the most absolute Contraries in Nature: A Knave loves and delights in +Scandal, Detraction, Infamy, in blasting, ruining his Neighbour's +Character, because these are consonant to the Depravity of humane +Nature, and in themselves vile: Upon the very same Account an honest +Man abominates them all, with the utmost Abhorrence of Soul. + +Thus having said as much as I think needful by way of Introduction; I +would turn my Thoughts more immediately to the Work before me; I have, +as you directed me, Sir, read it over with the greatest Distinction, +and Exactness I was able; I've enter'd as much, as was possible for +me, into the Spirit and Design of the Author: By the strictest +Examination I've endeavoured to sift every material Passage; and I +persuade my self the Drift of the Author has appear'd plain to me +thro' the whole. From all which I conclude, that had Care been taken +to have adapted them to modest virtuous Minds, by leaving out some +gross Words, and lewd Descriptions, and had the Inventor's Intention +been innocent, the first three Parts of these Travels would +undoubtedly have proved diverting, agreeable, and acceptable to all; +there is a great deal of Wit and more Invention in them; though, as +is pretty usual in so large a Work of this Sort, there are some +unnatural Incidents, and here and there an Inconsistency with it self. + +In the fourth Part, which is more than half of the second Volume, the +Author flags, he loses his Vivacity, and in my Opinion, maintains +little of his former Spirit, but the Rancour. This indeed appears most +plentifully in this Part; and the Captain seems so wholly influenced +by it, that he makes a sort of Recapitulation of Invectives he had +vented before; and having receiv'd a fresh supply of Gall, appears +resolv'd to discharge it, though he has no Way than by varying the +Phrase, to express in other Words, the unjust Sentiments he had +disclosed before: In this long tedious Part the Reader loses all that +might have been engaging to him in the three former; the Capacity and +Character given there of Brutes, are so unnatural; and especially the +great Preheminence asserted of them, to the most virtuous and noble of +humane Nature, is so monstrously absurd and unjust, that 'tis with the +utmost Pain a generous Mind must indure the Recital; a Man grows sick +at the shocking Things inserted there; his Gorge rises; he is not able +to conceal his Resentment; and closes the Book with Detestation and +Disappointment. + +But to return to the three former Parts, as I have said all I can with +Justice say, on their Behalf; allow me now to shew a little of the +great Malignity, and evil Tendency of their Nature: Here I might be +abundantly prolix, had I not absolutely determined to be otherwise, +the Field is large, the Matter very copious: Here, Sir, you may see a +reverend Divine, a dignify'd Member of the Church unbosoming himself, +unloading his Breast, discovering the true Temper of his Soul, drawing +his own Picture to the Life; here's no Disguise, none could have done +it so well as himself: Here's the most inveterate Rancour of his Mind, +and a hoard of Malice, twelve Years collecting, discharged at once: +Here's ENVY, the worst of all Passions, in Perfection; ENVY, +the most beloved Darling of Hell; the greatest Abhorrence of Heaven; +ENVY, the Crime Mankind should be the most ashamed of, having the +least to say in Excuse for it; the Canker of the Soul, most uneasy to the +Possessor; a Passion not to be gratify'd, not possible of Pleasure; +the peculiar one would imagine of infernal Beings, and much of their +Punishment. ENVY, is ever levell'd at Merit, and superior Excellence; +and the most deserving are, for being such, the properest Objects of +ENVY. + +View now, Sir, the Doctor, as I shall henceforward call him; and upon +examination, I fear 'twill be found, that his Conduct too fully +answers the Description of this detestable Passion: I shall be very +plain and expressive; an honest Man will no more conceal the Truth, +than deny it, when the Former may prove prejudicial to the Innocent: +Whether the Government may ever think proper publickly to chastise the +Doctor for his Insolence, I know nothing of; perhaps such snarling may +be thought too low to engage such a Resentment: However this I am +fully persuaded of, that as no good Government ought to be so insulted +and male-treated; so there is no honest Man among us but would +contribute the utmost in his Power to bring the Author, and those +concerned with him to exemplary Punishment, in order to deter others +from the like pernicious Practices for the future. + +What can be viler in the Intention? What may be worse in the +Consequence, than an Attempt to interrupt the Harmony and good +Understanding between his Majesty and his Subjects, and to create a +Dislike in the People to those in the Administration; and especially +to endeavour at this, in such a Juncture as the present? what could in +all Probability be the Issue of bringing such Matters to bear, but the +throwing ourselves and all _Europe_ into a Flame? ruining our Credit, +destroying our Trade, beggaring of private Families, setting us a +cutting one another's Throats; by which we should become an easy Prey +to the common Enemy, who would at once subvert our Constitution, the +happiest, the best in the World; destroy our Church Establishment; and +subject us to all the Cruelty and Sufferings the unbounded Lust of +Tyrants, and the insatiable Avarice of Priests could load us with. + +'Tis true, praised be Almighty God, and Thanks to the Wisdom of those +in the Ministry, 'tis not in the Power of an Incendiary to do this; +but the Attempt is not for that, at all the less criminal; we are too +sensible of our Happiness to be either banter'd or frightned out of +it; and 'tis therefore with the utmost Indignation all honest Minds, +every True _Englishman_ treats the Persons who would disturb their +Felicity. All are sensible of his Majesty's Wisdom, Goodness, Justice +and Clemency. He is indeed the Father of his People who love and fear +him as such; under his auspicious Reign we enjoy all the Happiness a +Nation can enjoy: We have Religion and Liberty, Wealth, Trade, Peace, +and the greatest Plenty at home; we are loved by our Friends, dreaded +by our Enemies, and in the utmost Reputation abroad; so that in his +Majesty's Reign and under the present Administration we have nothing +so much to desire as the Continuance of both, being the Source under +God, whence all our Felicity flows. + +But whatever the Doctor deserves, 'tis given out that he has been so +much upon his Guard, that no Forms of Law can touch him; in this, Sir, +I beg Leave to differ from his Abbettors; for as I take it, that Point +has been settled for some Time; and seems by the geral Consent, the +Determination has met with, to be rightly settled. So that his +imaginary Cautions would be in vain; 'twas the Opinion of a late +learned Chief Justice of the King's Bench, that the universal Notion +of the People in these Cases, notwithstanding the artful Disguises of +an Author, ought much to influence the Determinations of a Jury; for +as he very judiciously added; how absurd was it to imagine that all +the World should understand his Meaning but just that particular Judge +and Jury, by whom he was to be try'd; thus far his Lordship. Besides, +I conceive it, Sir, the Peoples Judgment ought to be regarded; or an +ill designing Man may do much harm, with great Impunity: If in Order +to it, he should pretend only to amuse, and deliver himself in +obstruse Terms, such as may naturally enough be apply'd to the +Disadvantage of the Publick, and are so apply'd; surely in this Case +he ought to be punish'd for the Detriment that ensues and for not +speaking the Truth, if he meant the Truth, in plain Terms. + +But leaving this Point to those who are more capable to determine it; +I go forward: The Doctor divests himself of the Gentleman and +Christian entirely; and in their stead assumes, or if my Instructions +are right, I should rather have said, discloses the reverse to them +both; a Character too gross to be describ'd here and is better +conceiv'd than express'd; he makes a Collection of all the meanest, +basest, Terms the Rabble use in their Contests with one another in the +Streets, and these he discharges without any other Distinction than +only, that they who are Persons of the greatest Worth and Desert are +loaded with the greatest Number of 'em. + +He spares neither Age or Sex, neither the Living or the Dead; neither +the Rich, the Great, or the Good; the best of Characters is no Fence, +the Innocent are the least secure; even his Majesty's Person is not +sacred, the Royal Blood affords no Protection here; he equally +endeavours to bring into Contempt with the People, his Majesty, the +Royal Family, and the Ministry. + +The next great Attack, as all People understand it, is no less than +upon a _British_ Parliament; this August Assembly, the Wisest, the +Noblest, the most Awful in the World, he treats with Words of the +utmost Scurrility, with _Billingsgate_ Terms of the lowest Sort; this +Body of the best Gentlemen in the Kingdom he calls Pedlars, +Pickpockets, Highway-men, and Bullies; Words never spoke of a +_British_ Parliament before, and 'twould be a National Reproach they +should now pass unpunished: This is beyond all Bounds; who that are +_English_ Men can with Temper think of such an Insult upon the Body of +their Representatives; the Centre of the National Power; the great +Preserver of our Laws, Religion and Liberties, and of all, that as Men +and Christians we ought to hold dear and valuable. + +I wish I could keep in better Terms with my old Companion, my +Inclination's good t'wards it, but notwithstanding that, and all my +Resolutions, I find it impracticable; his Conduct is so enormously +bad, 'tis insufferable; humane Nature must be worse than he has +represented it, and I never saw it look so ghastly before, to bear +with him. + +All that have read these Travels must be convinc'd I do the Doctor no +Injustice by my Assertions: His Method of forming his Characters seems +to be new, it looks as if he first drew up a Set of ill Names and +reproachful Epithets, and then apply'd them as he thought proper, +without regarding at all, whether the Persons they were so apply'd to, +deserv'd such Treatment or not; and in this, tho' the concurrent +Testimony of Thousands or Millions was against him, it seems to have +signify'd nothing; tho' daily Experience and universal Consent prov'd +the contrary, they appear to have been of no Weight with the Doctor; +he knew very well t'would sufficiently answer his End if by boldly and +roundly asserting whatever he thought proper, and sticking at no +Method of Defamation he should make the whole appear plausible and +gain Adherents; and therefore with the utmost Assurance he affirms +this Woman to be a Whore, that a Bawd, this Man a Pimp, that a Pathick +tho' neither of them ever gave any Reason to be thought such, or were +ever thought such, before. + +Whether the Doctor would like to be serv'd thus himself let the World +determine, and that they may the better do it I shall give them one +Instance, using almost the Doctor's own Words, and applying them to +himself as thus; Doctor COPPER-FARTHING, was by Pimping, Swearing, +For-swearing, Flattering, Suborning, Forging, Gaming, Lying, Fawning, +Hectoring, Voting, Scribling, Whoring, Canting, Libeling, +Free-thinking, endeavouring to ruin the _British_ Constitution, set +aside the _Hanover_ Succession, and bring in a Popish Pretender; by +prostituting his Wife, his Sister, his Daughter, advanced to be a +DEAN: Now, Sir, this Character being form'd, as I observ'd, before I +had concluded who to bestow it on, I am oblig'd to make some little +Alteration, and to do the Doctor no injustice, I take away that whole +Sentence, _by Prostituting his Wife_, _his Sister_, _his Daughter_; +because being well assur'd he never had any of his own; if such have +been used so by him they must have belong'd to other People: If I had +not pitch'd upon the Doctor you can't but be sensible, like him, I +could have made this Character have serv'd with some small Curtailings +or Additions an Admiral, a General, a Bishop, a Minister of State, or +any other Person I had a mind to be angry with, and was I set upon +abusing an hundred of each, by the Power of Transformation, t'would be +sufficient for them all. + +Don't look upon this, Sir, as my Invention, I assure you 'tis wholly +the Doctor's; may the Reputation of it be all his own: 'Tis thus he +treats the wisest, the greatest Men in this Nation; Nobility, Ladies +and Gentlemen of the best Families and brightest Characters in the +Kingdom; and his Malice is greatest where Worth and Virtue are most +conspicuous; this of Course must engage him to vent a very large +Portion of his Rage against the Family and Person of the greatest Man +this Nation ever produced. But how vain is the Attempt here? How +impotent, as well as base the Malice? There is no immediate Fence +indeed against an infamous Tongue, and must often be for some Time +submitted to; but in this Case 'tis otherwise; what the Doctor asserts +of this Person and his Family is so universally known to be false, and +condemned as such by the Voice of the whole Nation; that the Doctor +has the Mortification to find his Aspersions here, do not take in the +least. + +With what Indignation must every one that has had the Honour to be +admitted to this _Great Man_, review the Doctor's charging him with +being morose; and what Contempt must they have of the Doctor's +Veracity, who to satisfy the vilest Passion will thus sacrifice his +Judgment: What a Cloud of Witnesses might I have, if required, to set +in Opposition to this single Assertion of the Doctor's, he is indeed +the only Person that ever was known to have thought such a Thing. The +great Condescention and Kindness, the good Nature and Complacency with +which that Person treats all Mankind, render him amiable to all; he +has been so particularly remarkable for this, that as he does the best +the kindest Things in the most agreeable Way, which inhances their +Value, so when he is obliged from the Nature of a Request to deny it, +he so qualifies the Refusal, that the Person concerned is not +immediately sensible of a Disappointment; and from the Excess of his +good Nature, when convinc'd of the Difficulties and Distresses of +Families he'll out of his private Purse remove those Uneasiness's, +which he could not in honour have done out of the Nation's Money; and +thus Multitudes hourly bless his Name and Family, who subsist by his +Bounty alone: He daily feeds the Hungry, cloaths the Naked, delivers +the Prisoner; and what I look upon a thousand Degrees beyond the +other, he saves and raises many a Family just sinking into Ruine; +delivers them from Infamy, Imprisonment, and Want; which to those that +never felt either, and have the Appearance of all in View, must be +Circumstances more dreadful than 'tis possible can be rightly +conceived of by any, but those who have themselves been in them: To +help these has been his peculiar Care. Here's one of the best Acts can +be done by Man in private Life; these Things will, they must, they +ought to endear him; I could carry this, if necessary, to an almost +boundless Length; was I to trace this great Man thro' every Scene of +private Life, you'd find the whole a noble Record, of which this is an +Epitome; such as ne'er was exceeded, or perhaps equall'd. + +I look upon what I have hitherto said as necessary to my Undertaking; +indulge me now, Sir, in a Digression that seems naturally enough to +present it self, and may be better made here than afterwards; the +Transition is easy, from the private, allow me to pass to the publick +Life, of the Person I have been speaking: Here I might make a general +Challenge and say; who can charge him with want of Wisdom, Judgment, +Knowledge, Integrity, Uprightness, Justice, or Clemency, and a long +_&c._ But this would be but faint to the Latitude I may with Justice +take the other Way: This great Man, is the wise Director of the +publick Affairs; he is the Delight of his Royal Master, and the +Darling of the People; he is an Honour to his Nation, adds a Lustre to +the Crown, and is deservedly valued by us and all _Europe_, as a +general publick Blessing; born for the Good, the Happiness of Mankind; +and arrived to a Capacity of serving his Country best, when his +Country stands most in Need of his Service; and if his Life's +continued, which may the great God grant, so that he compleat his +Designs for the Publick Good; _Great Britain_ will undoubtedly be led +to espouse her true Interest; her Commerce will be extended and +established; and we shall become a more flourishing, united, powerful +People, than we are, even at present; and we are now so, in all +Respects beyond whatever we were before. + +Might I be allow'd to enter upon his Conduct during the late, and +still critical situation of Affairs in _Europe_, what a noble Scene +might I open; how has the Honour and Interest of the Nation been +persu'd and maintain'd, notwithstanding all the various Turns in +Affairs? How has the Ambition of Princes been baulkt? their Councils +over-rul'd, their Measures broke, and their greatest Designs brought +to nothing by him? How by one Turn of his Hand has he preserv'd the +Peace of _Europe_, prevented the Effusion of Blood, and Treasure, kept +us from War abroad, from Invasions at home, tho' most apparently +threaten'd with both? How, in a word, has he, by a Management, +peculiar to himself secur'd that Tranquility in _Europe_, which if +broke in upon, might have cost the Lives of a million of Men, an +immense Treasure, and many Years to have restor'd? and all this +without any Expence but what is an Advantage to us. How will a future +Ministry become wise from this great Pattern. How easy will it be for +a Man to make a Figure at the Head of Affairs when in all Difficulties +he has nothing else to do but to act in Conformity to his Measures? +Measures, that have been try'd and found to answer; Measures, that as +they have done, in the like Cases will always do; but I find, Sir, I +must put a Restraint upon my Inclination, or this agreeable Subject +would run me much beyond the Limits of a Letter; and indeed, it is a +very great Restraint I put upon myself to break off without saying +much more, for how can an honest true-hearted _Englishman_ bear to +have the Person insulted, who is so much the Cause of his Prosperity +and Happiness; whose ONE general intention is the Good of his Country; +who is indefatigable in his Endeavours to procure it; who is the Glory +of the present Age, and will be admir'd and imitated while good or +great Men continue upon Earth. + +I can't conclude without observing to you, Sir, that this Work is so +far a finishing Stroke with the Doctor, that he seems by it to have +compleated his Character: In a former Performance, he levelled his +Jests at Almighty God; banter'd and ridiculed Religion and all that's +good and adorable above: By this, he has abused and insulted those, +who are justly valued by us, as the best, the greatest below: How his +present Conduct may be relished, Time, I say, will best discover; his +former, had a Resentment attending it, and her late Majesty would not +be prevailed upon to admit him a Prebendary of _Windsor_, +notwithstanding very powerful and pressing Instances were made on his +Behalf: Her Majesty was most highly displeased, she would not allow +him to come near her Person; her Majesty said, she had been but too +credibly informed of the Immorality of his Life; and as for his +Writings, she knew them to be profane and impious; that he was the +Scandal of his Cloth, a Reproach to Religion; and therefore she could +not in Conscience give him any Preferment in the Church. This Answer +ruffled the Doctor, and made his Friends uneasy; however, they set +down with it for the present, and gave over their Sollicitations; but +the Doctor having been the Minion of a great Minister, and deeply +engaged in the dirty Work of the Day, his Patron thought himself +obliged to take Care of him; and upon a D----y in _Ireland_ becoming +vacant, he prevailed with the Queen to grant it him; which her +Majesty did not at last without much Reluctancy; nor would have done +it at all, as 'twas then thought, but to remove the Doctor further +from her, and get rid of the Sollicitations, upon his Account, that +were become very uneasy to her. + +One might have imagined, that when the Doctor had got thus into snug, +warm Quarters, he would have been easy; and at least not have flown in +the Face, and broke out, as it were, into open Acts of Hostility with +those by whom he is protected and defended there; those that secure to +him all the Happiness, that Ease, Indolence, and Fulness can furnish +out to him: What Pretence has he more than any other Man, to a +Thousand a Year for doing nothing, or little more than strutting +behind a Verger, and Lording it ever Men honester, and more deserving, +than himself, and yet can't he be contented? How scandalous wou'd +Conduct like this be in a Soldier; was an Officer, one that eats his +Majesty's Bread, and wears his Cloth, to behave thus, what would he +deserve? I ought, indeed, to offer some Apology for only making the +Supposition; the Comparison won't hold, 'tis not just; the Officers +are all Men of Honour, they not only abhor all such Conduct, but they +look upon it their Duty, in which they are certainly right, to do +whatever is in their Power for promoting the Honour and Interest of +their Royal Master, and those intrusted by him with the +Administration; and for furthering their Reputation and Welfare: This +ought, indeed, to be the Temper of the Doctor; Is he not paid, and +well paid too, to preach up Charity and Benevolence; to teach People +their Duty to the superior Powers; to tell them of their Obligations +to good Governors; to inculcate a Love and a Reverence for these in +the Minds of all; to engage them to Peace and a dutiful Behaviour; in +a Word, to fear God and honour the King; and obey those for Conscience +Sake who are by his Majesty placed with Authority over them. This is +the Sum of what the Doctor has in Charge, and what he is under the +most solemn Obligations to comply with. Only a bear Neglect of these +Things would be sufficiently Criminal; what then must the Man deserve, +who could be found so hardy, in Breach of his Oath and Honour, to act +the Reverse of all these? And such is the Doctor: He contemns the +Power he should revere; he strives to undermine that Government he +ought to uphold; he endeavours at Reflexions upon those he should have +in the highest Honour and Esteem; he is leading People into +Disaffection and Disloyalty who are committed to his Care for right +Information; he poisons those he is paid to feed; he receives the +Nation's Money, but sides with its Enemies; with those whose Desires +and constant Endeavours are to enslave and ruin us: What the Doctor +deserves is easy to determine; but what he may meet with must be left +to others; I shall but say, a Soldier for Neglect of Duty only, is +discarded, never fails to meet with Disgrace, and often Death; here is +what's much worse than the utmost such a Charge can amount to; that +the Cloth should make such a Difference that he who ought to have the +severest Treatment, finds the most favourable is no great Encomium +upon our national Justice. + +I cannot but be a little surpris'd at the impolitick Method of the +Doctor's proceeding; who should attack Mankind in a Way he is himself +the most to be exposed in of almost any Man breathing; I have given +you a small Sketch of it here, Sir; but no further than was absolutely +necessary; if I find it requisite you may hereafter expect from me a +full and true Account of the Doctor's Life, and Conversation for +upwards of thirty Years past; which will disclose such Scenes that all +Mankind must look upon it a Piece of great Assurance in the Doctor to +offer at the private characters of others, when his own has been so +very defective. + +I shall trespass no longer upon your Patience, than to do myself the +Honour to assure you, and all the World, that I am, + + _Sir, Your most obedient,_ + + _Devoted humble Servant_, &c: + +_Dec. 7. 1726._ + + + + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES + + +THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + +PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + + + +THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + +PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT + + +1948-1949 + +16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673). + +18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No. 10 + (1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720). + + +1949-1950 + +19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709). + +20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734). + +22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two + _Rambler_ papers (1750). + +23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681). + + +1950-1951 + +26. Charles Macklin, _The Man of the World_ (1792). + + +1951-1952 + +31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), + and _The Eton College Manuscript_. + + +1952-1953 + +41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732). + + +1963-1964 + +104. Thomas D'Urfey, _Wonders in the Sun; or, The Kingdom of the Birds_ + (1706). + + +1964-1965 + +110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700). + +111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736). + +112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764). + +113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_ (1698). + +114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A. + Pope_ (1730), and Anonymous, _The Blatant Beast_ (1742). + + +1965-1966 + +115. Daniel Defoe and others. _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal._ + +116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752). + +117. Sir George L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680). + +118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662). + +119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_ (1717). + +120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_ (1704). + + +1966-1967 + +123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to Mr. + Thomas Rowley_ (1782). + +124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704). + +125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference + Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742). + + +1967-1968 + +129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and + _Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). + +130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). + +132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_ (1730). + + +1968-1969 + +133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character + of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). + +134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). + +135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise_ (1766). + +136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course of + Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759). + +137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1736). + +138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). + + +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, +from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. +10017. + +Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of +$5.00 yearly. Prices of single issues may be obtained upon request. +Subsequent publications may be checked in the annual prospectus. + + + + +The Augustan Reprint Society + + WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK + MEMORIAL LIBRARY + + +UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES +2520 Cimarron Street (at West Adams), Los Angeles. California 90018 + + +_Make check or money order payable to_ +THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA + + + + +William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los +Angeles + +THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + +2520 CIMARRON STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90018 + + +_General Editors_: William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial +Library; George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles; +Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles + +_Corresponding Secretary_: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark +Memorial Library + + +The Society's purpose is to publish rare Restoration and +eighteenth-century works (usually as facsimile reproductions). All +income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and +mailing. + +Correspondence concerning memberships in the United States and Canada +should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary at the William +Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2520 Cimarron Street, Los Angeles, +California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be +addressed to the General Editors at the same address. Manuscripts of +introductions should conform to the recommendations of the MLA _Style +Sheet_. The membership fee is $5.00 a year in the United States and +Canada and £1.19.6 in Great Britain and Europe. British and European +prospective members should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, +Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from +the Corresponding Secretary. + +Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90) +are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit, +from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y. +10017. + + + +Make check or money order payable to THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF +CALIFORNIA + + + + +REGULAR PUBLICATIONS FOR 1969-1970 + +139. John Ogilvie, _An Essay on the lyric poetry of the ancients_ (1762). + Introduction by Wallace Jackson. + +140. _A Learned Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1726) and _Pudding burnt to pot + or a compleat key to the Dissertation on Dumpling_ (1727). + Introduction by Samuel L. Macey. + +141. Selections from Sir Roger L'Estrange's _Observator_ (1681-1687). + Introduction by Violet Jordain. + +142. Anthony Collins, _A Discourse concerning Ridicule and Irony in + writing_ (1729). Introduction by Edward A. Bloom and Lillian D. Bloom. + +143. _A Letter from a clergyman to his friend, with an account of the + travels of Captain Lemuel Gulliver_ (1726). Introduction by Martin + Kallich. + +144. _The Art of Architecture, a poem. In imitation of Horace's Art of + poetry_ (1742). Introduction by William A. Gibson. + + + +SPECIAL PUBLICATION FOR 1969-1970 + +Gerard Langbaine, _An Account of the English Dramatick Poets_ (1691), + Introduction by John Loftis. 2 Volumes. Approximately 600 pages. Price + to members of the Society, $7.00 for the first copy (both volumes), + and $8.50 for additional copies. Price to non-members, $10.00. + + +Already published in this series: + +1. John Ogilby, _The Fables of Aesop Paraphras'd in Verse_ (1668), with + an Introduction by Earl Miner. 228 pages. + +2. John Gay, _Fables_ (1727, 1738), with an Introduction by Vinton A. + Dearing. 366 pages. + +3. _The Empress of Morocco and Its Critics_ (Elkanah Settle, _The + Empress of Morocco_ [1673] with five plates; _Notes and Observations + on the Empress of Morocco_ [1674] by John Dryden, John Crowne and + Thomas Snadwell; _Notes and Observations on the Empress of Morocco + Revised_ [1674] by Elkanah Settle; and _The Empress of Morocco. A + Farce_ [1674] by Thomas Duffett), with an Introduction by Maximillian + E. Novak. 348 pages. + +4. _After THE TEMPEST_ (the Dryden-Davenant version of _The Tempest_ + [1670]; the "operatic" _Tempest_ [1674]; Thomas Duffett's + _Mock-Tempest_ [1675]; and the "Garrick" _Tempest_ [1756]), with an + Introduction by George Robert Guffey. 332 pages. + + +Price to members of the Society, $3.50 for the first copy of each +title, and $4.25 for additional copies. Price to non-members, $5.00. +Standing orders for this continuing series of Special Publications +will be accepted. British and European orders should be addressed to +B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England. + + + + +Transcriber's Notes: + + Passages in italics indicated by underscore _italics_. + + Long "s" has been modernized. + + Misprint "and and" corrected to "and" (page 9). + + Misprint "equall d" corrected to "equall'd" (page 16). + + Extra line spacing in the Introduction is intentional to represent + both the end of the quote and the beginning of a new paragraph. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Letter From a Clergyman to his +Friend,, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LETTER FROM A CLERGYMAN *** + +***** This file should be named 29189-8.txt or 29189-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/1/8/29189/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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