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diff --git a/29201-8.txt b/29201-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0535b02 --- /dev/null +++ b/29201-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1385 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic +Distribution of North American Microtines, by E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Comments on the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution of North American Microtines + +Author: E. Raymond Hall + E. Lendell Cockrum + +Release Date: June 22, 2009 [EBook #29201] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NORTH AMERICAN MICROTINES *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +Comments on +the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution +of North American Microtines + + + +BY + +E. RAYMOND HALL AND E. LENDELL COCKRUM + +University of Kansas Publications +Museum of Natural History +Volume 5, No. 23, pp. 293-312 +November 17, 1952 + + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1952 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 5, No. 23, pp. 293-312 +November 17, 1952 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1952 + + + +Transcriber's Note: The symbol "^" in some numbers in Table I is used +to indicate that the number following it are printed in superscript. + + + +Comments on +the Taxonomy and Geographic Distribution +of North American Microtines + +BY + +E. RAYMOND HALL and E. LENDELL COCKRUM + + +In preparing maps showing the geographic distribution of North American +microtines, conflicting statements in the literature and identifications +that, if accepted, would result in improbable geographic ranges have +led to the examination of pertinent specimens with the results given +below. The studies here reported upon were aided by a contract between +the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the +University of Kansas (Nr 161-791), by funds provided by the University +of Kansas from its Research Appropriation, and by grants for +out-of-state field work from the Kansas University Endowment +Association. Grateful acknowledgment is made to persons in charge of +the collections at each of the following institutions for permission to +use the collections under their charge: Biological Surveys Collection, +United States National Museum (herein abbreviated USBS); California +Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ); Chicago Natural History Museum +(CNHM); University of Kansas Museum of Natural History (KU); Museum of +Comparative Zoology (MCZ); United States National Museum (USNM); +Department of Economic Zoology, University of Wisconsin (UWDEZ); and +Zoological Museum, University of Wisconsin (UWZM). + + + Synaptomys cooperi saturatus Bole and Moulthrop + + 1942. _Synaptomys cooperi saturatus_ Bole and Moulthrop, Sci. + Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:149, September 11, type from + Bloomington, McLean County, Illinois. + +When Bole and Moulthrop named _Synaptomys cooperi saturatus_, with type +locality in Illinois, they, in effect, divided the geographic range of +_Synaptomys cooperi stonei_ into two parts (see A. B. Howell, N. Amer. +Fauna, 50:10 (fig. 2), August 5, 1927) since Bole and Moulthrop (_op. +cit._) did not assign to any subspecies the specimens from southern +Wisconsin that Howell (_op. cit._) had identified as _S. c. stonei_. +Bole and Moulthrop's inclusion in their newly named subspecies of a +specimen from as far west as East Columbia, Missouri, left in doubt the +subspecific identity of specimens from Iowa and a specimen from +Arkansas. Howell (_op. cit._) had assigned this material from Iowa and +Arkansas to _S. c. gossii_. + +Howell recognized that the one individual (168266 USBS) from Lake City, +Arkansas, was too young to be identified to subspecies with certainty +and assigned the specimen to _S. c. gossii_ "upon geographical grounds" +(_op. cit._:19). Keith R. Kelson and one of us (Hall) compared this +specimen with pertinent materials. As a result of this comparison we +refer the specimen, on the same grounds employed by Howell, to +_Synaptomys cooperi saturatus_. + +Specimens from approximately the southern half of Wisconsin (from Kelly +Lake southward) were referred to _S. c. stonei_ by Howell (_op. +cit._:16). Now that _S. c. saturatus_ has been recognized, these +specimens from southern Wisconsin would be expected to be referable to +_S. c. saturatus_. When these specimens were examined and compared (by +Hall and Kelson) with other specimens in the United States National +Museum the skulls were found to be much larger than in _S. c. cooperi_, +smaller than in _S. c. gossii_, and nearly the size of those of +_Synaptomys cooperi saturatus_, to which subspecies we refer the +specimens in question. + +Howell (_op. cit._:16) referred a specimen from Cassopolis, Michigan, a +locality that might be presumed to fall within the range of the more +recently named _S. c. saturatus_, to _S. c. stonei_. Bole and Moulthrop +did not mention this specimen when they described and named _S. c. +saturatus_ (1942). Neither did Burt, but Cassopolis is within the +geographic range ascribed to _S. c. cooperi_ on his map (The Mammals of +Michigan, Univ. Michigan Press, p. 213, 1946). Examination (by Kelson +and Hall) of the specimen (41777 MCZ) reveals that it resembles _S. c. +cooperi_ in shortness of hind foot (18 mm.), shortness of tail (18 +mm.), narrowness across zygomata (16 mm.), and grayish pelage. In the +long braincase, heavy rostrum, greater condylobasilar length, greater +lambdoidal breadth, long rostrum, and longer incisive foramina, it +agrees closely with specimens of _S. c. saturatus_, to which subspecies +we refer the specimen. + +Necker and Hatfield (Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 6:54, 1941) referred +specimens from Rosiclaire, Illinois, to _S. c. gossii_. These specimens +were not mentioned by Bole and Moulthrop (_op. cit._) when they named +_S. c. saturatus_ although the specimens presumably would be referred +to the newly-named subspecies. We have examined the pertinent specimens +(Nos. 15781-15786 and 16049-16054 CNHM) and find that on the basis of +dark color, long and slender skull, heavy incisors, and small +cheek-teeth, they are referable to _S. c. saturatus_ Bole and +Moulthrop. None, however, has a tail so short as the type of _S. c. +saturatus_. For that matter, the average length of the tail of six near +topotypes (5 mi. W, 2-1/2 mi. S Monticello, Piatt County, Illinois, +Nos. 32037-32042 KU) exceeds that of the type (17.4 mm., range 12-20, +as compared to 14 mm. for the type). + + + Synaptomys cooperi gossii (Coues) + + 1877. _Arvicola (Synaptomys) gossii_ Coues, Monogr. N. Amer. + Rodentia, p. 235 (published as a synonym of _Synaptomys cooperi_, + but name stated to apply to Kansan specimens of which description + and measurements are on p. 236), type from Neosho Falls, Woodson + County, Kansas. + + 1897. _Synaptomys cooperi gossii_, Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, 49:307, June. + +In view of the taxonomic treatment accorded by Bole and Moulthrop (Sci. +Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist, 5:149-151, September 11, 1942) to the +lemming mice of the species _Synaptomys cooperi_, as explained in the +preceding account, it has seemed desirable to examine Iowan specimens +of this species. Hall and Kelson examined the necessary material and +made the following conclusions. An adult male from Hillsboro (168453 +USBS) has the lighter color and large skull of _S. c. gossii_ to which +Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 50:19, August 5, 1927) referred the specimen. +The more western specimen from Knoxville, a young male (190358 USNM), +is almost exactly the same age as a male of _S. c. saturatus_ from +Bascom, Indiana (143701 USNM), and is but slightly older than a male +_S. c. gossii_ from Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas (91583 USBS). The upper +molariform tooth-row is the same length in the specimens from Kansas +and Iowa, but is longer in that from Indiana. The fact that the +specimen from Knoxville closely resembles the Kansan specimen in other +dimensions of the skull, which is larger than in the specimen from +Indiana, gives a basis for applying the name _Synaptomys cooperi +gossii_ to the specimen from Knoxville. This is the same name recently +used by Fichter and Hansen (Bull. Univ. Nebraska State Mus., 3(2):2, +September, 1947) for the Iowan specimens, although they seemingly +applied the name without being aware of Bole and Moulthrop's earlier +naming of _S. c. saturatus_ (Sci. Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., +5:149, September 11, 1942). + + + Synaptomys borealis sphagnicola Preble + + 1899. _Synaptomys (Mictomys) sphagnicola_ Preble, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 13:43, May 29, type from Fabyans, Coos County, New + Hampshire. + + 1927. _Synaptomys borealis sphagnicola_, A. B. Howell, N. Amer. + Fauna, 50:30, August 5. + +Howell (N. Amer. Fauna, 50:30-31, August 5, 1927) had only eight +specimens of this subspecies available when he revised the genus +_Synaptomys_. Of these eight (Maine: Mount Katahdin, 2; New Brunswick: +Near Bathurst, 1; New Hampshire: Fabyans, 1, the type; Quebec: St. +Rose, 4), only the type and one of the specimens from St. Rose are +adults. Concerning the others, Howell wrote (_op. cit._:31): "The +example from near Bathurst is not adult and has a damaged skull, so is +identified provisionally. All other specimens are too young for +positive diagnosis." + +Since Howell's revision only one additional specimen has been reported. +Anderson (Ann. Rept. Provancher Soc. for 1939, p. 71, 1940) reported it +from Table Mountain, 3888 ft., Gaspé County, Quebec. + +In the collection of the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History +there is still another specimen. It is an adult male topotype (No. 6483 +KU, formerly No. 72 in the collection of Alfred E. Preble) obtained on +August 21, 1905, at Fabyans, New Hampshire. The measurements of this +specimen are as follows (measurements in parenthesis are those of the +type as given by Howell, _op. cit._): Total length, 135 (132); tail, 26 +(24); hind foot, 22 (20); condylobasilar length, 25.1 (25.8); rostral +length, 6.5 (6.8); rostral breadth, 4.7 (4.9); interorbital breadth, +3.3 (2.8); zygomatic breadth, 15.4 (16.0); lambdoidal breadth, 12.1 +(12.4); incisive foramina, 5.9 (5.7); height of skull, 9.1 (9.3). + +Howell (_op. cit._:30) characterized _S. b. sphagnicola_ as: "Large and +high [skull] with narrow interorbital sharply ridged, the ridges of the +type being joined for a distance of 4 millimeters; interparietal narrow +and rectangular. The rostrum is long, tapering very little, and the +nasals, slightly constricted medially are quite narrow posteriorly. The +incisive foramina are long and wide." Howell further stated (_op. +cit._:30-31) that: "It is hard to predict what will be found to +constitute the most valuable cranial characters in distinguishing this +race from adult _medioximus_. The discernible differences now are in +the shape of the interparietals, rostral characters, and interorbital +differences that will probably not hold good when animals of the same +age are compared." + +As can be seen from a comparison of the measurements given above for +the type and the topotype, some of the characteristics given by Howell +are not found in the topotype: The interorbital region is not narrow +(in fact it is wider than it ordinarily is in some other subspecies of +_Synaptomys borealis_) and the incisive foramina are not longer than in +other subspecies of _Synaptomys borealis_. + +As far as present material permits us to judge, _Synaptomys borealis +sphagnicola_ is characterized, cranially, by: Skull large; interorbital +region sharply ridged (the ridges being joined for a distance of 4 mm. +in the type and of 4.5 mm. in the topotype); rostrum long, tapering +relatively little; nasals slightly constricted medially and unusually +narrow posteriorly; interparietal narrow and rectangular. + + + Clethrionomys occidentalis caurinus (Bailey) + + 1898. _Evotomys caurinus_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 12:21, January 27, type from Lund, east shore Malaspina Inlet, + British Columbia. + + 1935. _Clethrionomys gapperi caurinus_, Racey and Cowan, Rept. + British Columbia Prov. Mus. for 1935, p. H 25. + +Prior to 1935 _caurinus_ was considered to be a monotypic species. In +1935 Racey and Cowan (Rept. British Columbia Provincial Museum for +1935, pp. H 25-H 26) examined material from southwestern British +Columbia of _C. caurinus_, including a series of 24 specimens from Alta +Lake, and compared it with _Clethrionomys gapperi occidentalis_ and +_C. g. saturatus_. They found _caurinus_ to be distinct from _C. g. +saturatus_ but were "not convinced that _occidentalis_ and _caurinus_ +both merit systematic recognition; should they prove to be +indistinguishable, as the little available material indicates, +_occidentalis_ will take precedence on grounds of priority. It is our +opinion that further study of the distribution of the genus in British +Columbia will lead to the recognition of _occidentalis_ as the form +inhabiting coast-line and _saturatus_ the interior of British Columbia" +p. H 26. In the face of these opinions Racey and Cowan nevertheless +recognized _caurinus_ under the name _Clethrionomys gapperi caurinus_ +(Bailey). + +In spite of the treatment by Racey and Cowan (_op. cit._) of +_occidentalis_ and _caurinus_ as subspecies of _C. gapperi_, later +authors arranged _occidentalis_ as a member of the "_californicus_" +group although they retained _caurinus_ in the _gapperi_ group. For +example, Davis (The Recent Mammals of Idaho, The Caxton Printers, pp. +307-308, 1939) assigned _C. caurinus_ to the _gapperi_ group, although +he regarded _C. caurinus_ as a species (not a subspecies). He regarded +also _C. occidentalis_ as a species (not a subspecies) but assigned +it to the _californicus_ group. Dalquest (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. +Nat. Hist., 2:344, April 9, 1948) considered _occidentalis_ to be +conspecific with _Clethrionomys californicus_ and wrote (_op. +cit._:101): "The _californicus_ group, I feel, contains only the races +of _Clethrionomys californicus_, while the _gapperi_ group contains _C. +gapperi_ and its races, including _caurinus_, and possible other +species." Dalquest gave no indication that he had examined any +specimens of _caurinus_. + +When Dalquest (_op. cit._:344) arranged _occidentalis_ and +_californicus_ as subspecies of the same species, he used the name +combination _Clethrionomys californicus occidentalis_ because he +ignored, or was unaware of, the page priority of _occidentalis_ over +_californicus_. We regard the anterior position of _occidentalis_ as +nomenclatural priority and therefore employ _occidentalis_ rather than +_californicus_ as the specific name. + +Differences between the _gapperi_ group and the _occidentalis_ group +include: postpalatal bridge (complete in both groups) truncate +posteriorly in the _gapperi_ group and with a median, posteriorly +directed, spine in the _occidentalis_ group (this character is not +evident in all specimens; some _gapperi_ have a spine, and some +_occidentalis_ have the spine much reduced); dentition of the +_occidentalis_ group is heavier; enamel pattern of M3 and m1 in +_occidentalis_ more simplified--the number of salient and re-entrant +angles tends to be reduced in adults of the _occidentalis_ group. + +An examination of specimens of _caurinus_ (British Columbia: Mt. +Seymour, 2 KU; Lund, Malaspina Inlet, 2 USBS; and Inverness, mouth +Skeena River, 1 USBS), reveals that, in the presence of the median +postpalatal spine and in the characters of the molars, _caurinus_ +agrees with the _occidentalis_ group. + + + Clethrionomys occidentalis nivarius (Bailey) + + 1897. _Evotomys nivarius_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:136, May 13, type from northwest slope of Mount Ellinor, 4000 + ft., Olympic Mts., Mason County, Washington. + +The red-backed mouse of the Olympic Peninsula was originally accorded +specific rank. Currently it stands in the literature as a subspecies of +the wide-spread species _Clethrionomys gapperi_ because Dalquest (Univ. +Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:343, April 9, 1948) used the +name-combination _Clethrionomys gapperi nivarius_. Taylor and Shaw had +earlier (Occas. Papers Charles R. Conner Mus., 2:23, 1929) indicated +the same status by using the name _Evotomys gapperi nivarius_. Davis +(The Recent Mammals of Idaho, The Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho, p. +306, April 5, 1939), however, indicated that the affinities of +_nivarius_ were with the _californicus_ [= _occidentalis_] group, +although he treated _nivarius_ as a distinct species. We have examined +two adult females (K. U. Nos. 10707 and 10708) of _nivarius_ from +Reflection Lake, 3800 ft., Jefferson County, Washington, and on the +basis of their thick, instead of thin, pterygoid processes concur with +Davis that the affinities of _nivarius_ are with the named kinds of +_Clethrionomys_ now arranged as subspecies of _Clethrionomys +occidentalis_, rather than with the kinds now arranged as subspecies of +_Clethrionomys gapperi_. Although we are aware that Dalquest (_op. +cit._:101-102) did not find actual intergradation between _nivarius_ +and _Clethrionomys occidentalis occidentalis_--a ten-mile gap separated +their ranges--we prefer to use the name combination _Clethrionomys +occidentalis nivarius_. In doing so we recognize that intergradation +ultimately may be found between the two species _C. occidentalis_ and +_C. gapperi_; in that event the name _gapperi_ will apply as the name +of the species because it has priority over _occidentalis_. + +The following named kinds of _Clethrionomys_ are considered to be +subspecies of _Clethrionomys occidentalis_: + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALS OCCIDENTALIS (Merriam). + + 1890. _Evotomys occidentalis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4:25, + October 8, type from Aberdeen, Chehalis County, Washington. + + 1894. _Evotomys pygmaeus_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, p. 284, October 23, type from mouth of Nisqually + River, Pierce County, Washington. + + 1929. _Evotomys gapperi occidentalis_, Taylor and Shaw, Occas. + Papers Charles R. Conner Mus., Washington State College, 2:23. + + 1948. _Clethrionomys californicus occidentalis_, Dalquest, + Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:344, April 9. + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALIS CALIFORNICUS (Merriam). + + 1890. _Evotomys californicus_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 4:26, + October 8, type from Eureka, Humboldt County, California. + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALIS CAURINUS (Bailey). + + 1898. _Evotomys caurinus_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 12:21, January 27, type from Lund, east shore of Malaspina + Inlet, British Columbia. + + 1935. _Clethrionomys gapperi caurinus_, Racey and Cowan, Rept. + British Columbia Prov. Mus. for 1935, p. H 25. + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALIS MAZAMA (Merriam). + + 1897. _Evotomys mazama_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:71, April 21, type from Crater Lake, 7000 ft., Mount Mazama, + Klamath County, Oregon. + + 1936. _Clethrionomys californicus mazama_, Bailey, N. Amer. + Fauna, 55:192, August 29. + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALIS NIVARIUS (Bailey). + + 1897. _Evotomys nivarius_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:136, May 13, type from northwest slope of Mount Ellinor, + 4000 ft., Olympic Mts., Mason County, Washington. + + CLETHRIONOMYS OCCIDENTALIS OBSCURUS (Merriam). + + 1897. _Evotomys obscurus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:72, April 21, type from Prospect, 2600 ft., upper Rogue + River Valley, Jackson County, Oregon. + + 1933. _Clethrionomys mazama obscurus_, Grinnell, Univ. + California Publ. Zool., 40:185, September 26. + + 1936. _Clethrionomys californicus obscurus_, Bailey, N. Amer. + Fauna, 55:192, August 29. + + + Clethrionomys gapperi pallescens, new name + + 1940. _Clethrionomys gapperi rufescens_ R. W. Smith, Amer. Midland + Nat., 24:233, July, type from Wolfville, Kings County, Nova Scotia + (_nec Arvicola rufescens_ de Selys Longchamps, 1836, from + Longchamps-sur-Ger, Belgium). + +The name _rufescens_, as applied by R. W. Smith (Amer. Midland Nat., +24:233, July, 1940) to the red-backed mouse of Nova Scotia, seems to be +unavailable under the rules of the International Code of Zoological +Nomenclature, since it is a homonym of _Arvicola rufescens_ de Selys +Longchamps, 1836, which in turn is a synonym of _Clethrionomys +glareolus glareolus_ Schreber, 1780 (Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, +Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 1758 to 1946, p. 663, +November 19, 1951). + + + Clethrionomys gapperi phaeus (Swarth) + + 1911. _Evotomys phaeus_ Swarth, Univ. California Publ. Zool., + 7:127, January 12, type from Marten Arm, Boca de Quadra, Alaska. + +When Swarth (_loc. cit._) named the red-backed mouse of the mainland of +southern Alaska as a new subspecies, he characterized it as "Size +rather large. Differs from _E._ [= _Clethrionomys_] _wrangeli_, nearest +it geographically, in cranial characters and in much longer tail; from +_E. caurinus_, the species to the southward in British Columbia, in +larger size and longer tail." He remarked (_loc. cit._): "I had +supposed that the red-backed mouse occurring on the mainland coast of +this region would prove to be _E. wrangeli_, but the latter appears to +be purely an insular species. I have had no specimens of that race for +comparison, but the _Evotomys_ secured differ so widely from it in all +the essential peculiarities of the species as given in the published +descriptions that there seems little doubt of their belonging to a +different species. _Wrangeli_ has a short tail, less than twice as long +as the hind foot--in adults of _phaeus_ the tail is invariably more +than twice the length of the foot, frequently more than a third of the +entire length of the animal." + +The external and cranial measurements of two subadults in the United +States National Museum (No. 217413 from Quadra Lake and No. 217415 from +Marten Arm, Boca de Quadra, taken in mid-February) and three old adults +from Fort [= Port] Simpson, British Columbia (Nos. 90263-90264, 90272 +USBS), are almost the same as those given by Swarth in the original +description of _Clethrionomys phaeus_. + +In cranial measurements, as well as in the structure of the palate and +last upper molar, _C. phaeus_ agrees with the _gapperi_ group (to which +it has been assigned by Davis, The Recent Mammals of Idaho, The Caxton +Printers, p. 306, April 5, 1939, and by Orr, Jour. Mamm., 26:69, +February 12, 1945) and differs from _Clethrionomys occidentalis +caurinus_ (which was assigned above to the _occidentalis_ group, +formerly the _californicus_ group). + +Since the measurements of specimens examined by us, as well as those +recorded by Swarth (_op. cit._), fall within the range of those of the +species _Clethrionomys gapperi_, and since the differences between +_phaeus_ and _C. g. saturatus_ are of the kind and degree that separate +subspecies in _C. gapperi_ we employ the name combination +_Clethrionomys gapperi phaeus_ (Swarth). _C. g. saturatus_, as +understood by us, occurs to the southeast of _C. g. phaeus_ in the +Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, and in northeastern Washington, +northern Idaho and northwestern Montana. + + _Specimens examined._--Total, 23, distributed as follows: Alaska: + Chickamin River (Behm Canal), 15 (MVZ); Boca de Quadra, 3 (MVZ); + Marten Arm, Boca de Quadra, 1 (USNM); Quadra Lake, 1 (USNM). + British Columbia: Fort [= Port] Simpson, 3 (USBS). + + + Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli (Bailey) + + 1897. _Evotomys wrangeli_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:120, May 13, type from Wrangell, Wrangell Island, Alaska. + +When Bailey (_loc. cit._) named the red-backed mouse from Wrangell +Island, Alaska, he characterized it as "A large, dull-colored species +entirely distinct from any known form," and remarked: "In no way does +_E._ [= _Clethrionomys_] _wrangeli_ show a close relationship to any +other American species. In size and relative proportions it comes +closest to _E. dawsoni_, from which it differs widely in coloration and +more widely in cranial characters. With the long-tailed species south +and east of its range there is no need of comparison." + +Swarth (Univ. California Publ. Zool., 24:173, June 17, 1922) reported +that three specimens from Flood Glacier and 23 from Great Glacier, +British Columbia, and four from Sergief Island, at the mouth of the +Stikine River, Alaska, were: "All _E. wrangeli_, indistinguishable from +specimens at hand from Wrangell Island." Swarth further reported that, +although he found no intergradation between _Clethrionomys wrangeli_ +from Flood Glacier and the nearly adjacent _Clethrionomys rutilus +dawsoni_, "the two species, however, resemble each other so closely in +form, and in some pelages in color also, that _wrangeli_ would seem to +be a coastal offshoot of _dawsoni_...." + +Davis (The Recent Mammals of Idaho, The Caxton Printers, p. 306, April +5, 1939) and Orr (Jour. Mamm., 26:69, February 12, 1945) more recently +have shown that _Clethrionomys wrangeli_ is not a member of the +_rutilus_ group (to which _C. dawsoni_ belongs) but is a member of the +_gapperi_ group. + +Our comparisons of a series of eight topotypes of _wrangeli_ (all in +the Biological Surveys Collection) with several subspecies of +_Clethrionomys gapperi_ (including _phaeus_, _saturatus_, _galei_, +_brevicaudus_, and others) reveal that the differences seen in +_wrangeli_ are of the kind and degree that serve to separate +subspecies. The red-backed mouse from Wrangell Island, then, should +stand as _Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli_ (Bailey). + + _Specimens examined._--Total, 31, distributed as follows: Alaska: + Wrangell, Wrangell Island, 27 (19 MVZ., 8 USBS); Sergief Island at + mouth of Stikine River, 4 (MVZ). + + + Clethrionomys gapperi solus, new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 74939, Biological Surveys + Collection, United States National Museum; from Loring, + Revillagigedo Island, Alaska; obtained on September 22, 1895, by C. + P. Streator; original No. 4980. + + _Range._--Known only from two localities on Revillagigedo Island, + Alaska. + + _Diagnosis._--A short-tailed, dark-colored member of the _gapperi_ + group. Dorsal stripe wide, between Chestnut and Bay (capitalized + color terms after Ridgway: Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. + Washington, D. C., 1912), with slight mixture of black-tipped + hairs; sides and venter heavily washed with Ochraceous-Tawny. Skull + flattened; rostrum proportionately short and wide; auditory bullae + relatively uninflated. + + _Comparisons._--From topotypes of _Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli_, + _C. g. solus_ differs as follows: dorsal stripe wider and slightly + brighter; sides brighter; venter more heavily washed with + Ochraceous-Tawny (heavy wash in all 13 _C. g. solus_ examined; in + _C. g. wrangeli_ no wash in 11, slight wash in 16, and heavy wash + in only one); nasals, alveolar extent of upper cheek-teeth and + incisive foramina shorter; skull shallower when measured with + tympanic bullae included; rostrum averages slightly broader. + + From _C. g. phaeus_ of the adjacent mainland, _C. g. solus_ differs + in: dorsal stripe slightly darker; ventral wash more prominent; + tail shorter; skull smaller in all parts measured except that + nasals are approximately the same length, auditory bullae notably + smaller and teeth notably narrower. + + _Measurements._--External and cranial measurements of adults are + shown in table 1. + + _Remarks._--Bailey (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:120, May 13, + 1897) referred 17 specimens from Loring to his newly named species, + _E. wrangeli_ [= _Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli_] but based his + description on specimens from Wrangell Island. He pointed out + (_loc. cit._) that all of the specimens from Loring had the + "bellies strongly washed with buffy-ochraceous, while more than + half of those from Wrangell have whitish bellies." + + _Specimens examined._--Total, 13, all in the Biological Surveys + Collection, U. S. National Museum, from the following localities: + Alaska: Revillagigedo Island: Loring, 10; mouth of Fish Creek, + Ketchikan, 3. + + + Clethrionomys gapperi stikinensis, new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 30735, Museum of + Vertebrate Zoology, University of California; from Stikine River at + Great Glacier, British Columbia; obtained on August 13, 1919, by J. + Dixon; original number 7691. + + _Range._--Known only from the lower Stikine River Valley of British + Columbia and the Cleveland Peninsula of Alaska. + + _Diagnosis._--A medium-sized, dark-colored member of the _gapperi_ + group. Dorsal stripe wide, near Auburn with mixture of black-tipped + hairs; sides and venter washed with Ochraceous-Tawny. Skull small; + cheek-teeth narrow; auditory bullae relatively uninflated. + + _Comparisons._--From topotypes of _Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli_, + _C. g. stikinensis_ differs as follows: dorsal stripe slightly + wider and brighter; sides slightly duller (lacking the olivaceous + wash of _C. g. wrangeli_); all cranial measurements taken averaging + smaller except height of skull, which is approximately the same; + alveolar length of upper tooth-row and length of incisive foramina + notably shorter; auditory bullae less inflated; cheek-teeth much + narrower. + + From topotypes of _C. g. phaeus_, _C. g. stikinensis_ differs as + follows: dorsal stripe and sides darker; auditory bullae less + inflated; cheek-teeth narrower; skull smaller in most measurements + taken (see table 1). + + From topotypes of _C. g. solus_, _C. g. stikinensis_ differs as + follows: dorsal stripe lighter (more tawny underwash); ventral wash + of buffy much paler (especially noticeable around mouth and on + throat); zygomatic and lambdoidal breadths greater; skull deeper; + auditory bullae more inflated; cheek-teeth slightly heavier. + + + TABLE 1. _External and cranial measurements of Clethrionomys._ + + N | | | | | | | | | | | + u | | | | | | | | | | | + m | | | | | | | | | | L | + b | | | | | | | | | | e | + e | | | | | | | | | | n | + r s | | | | | | | | | | g | + e | | | | | | | | | | t | + o x | | | | | | | | | | h | + f | | | | C | | | | | | | + o | | | | o | | | | | | o | + i r | | | | n | | | | | | f | + n | | | | d | | L | | A | B | | + d s | | | | y | Z | a | | l | r | i | + i p | | | | l | y | m | L | v | e | n | + v e | | | | o | g | b | e | e u| a | c | H + i c | | | | b | o | d | n | o p| d | i | e + d i | | | | a | m | o | g | l p| t | s | i + u m | T | | | s | a | i | t | a e| h | i | g + a e | o | | | i | t | d | h | r r| | v | h + l n | t | | | l | i | a | | | o | e | t + s | a | | H | a | c | l | o | l t| f | | + m | l | | i | r | | | f | e o| | f | o + o e | | | n | | b | b | | n o| r | o | f + f a | l | | d | l | r | r | n | g t| o | r | + s | e | | | e | e | e | a | t h| s | a | s + e u | n | T | f | n | a | a | s | h | t | m | k + a r | g | a | o | g | d | d | a | r| r | i | u + c e | t | i | o | t | t | t | l | o o| u | n | l + h d | h | l | t | h | h | h | s | f w| m | a | l + +_Clethrionomys gapperi solus_, Loring + +Male +type |133|33 |20 | 22.3 | 12.5 |10.9 |6.8 |5.1 |3.4 |5.3 | 9.0 +Male +5 av. |131|34 |20 | 22 | 12.7 |10.8 |6.8 |5.3 |3.5 |5.1 | 9.1 + min.|128|33 |19 | 21.8 | 12.5 |10.5 |6.7 |5.1 |3.3 |5.0 | 8.9 + max.|133|36 |20 | 22.3 | 13.0 |11.2 |7.1 |5.5 |3.6 |5.3 | 9.5 +Female +5 av. |128|34 |19 | 21.3 | 12.5 |10.5 |6.5 |5.4 |3.5 |4.9 | 9.2 + min.|124|31 |19 | 20.9 | 12.3 |10.3 |6.0 |5.2 |3.3 |4.8 | 8.9 + max.|140|36 |20 | 21.7 | 12.7 |10.7 |7.0 |5.6 |3.6 |5.0 | 9.5 + +_Clethrionomys gapperi stikinensis_, Stikine River at Great Glacier + +Male +type |145|39 |20 | 23.2 | 13.9 |11.4 |7.3 |5.0 |3.1 |5.5 | 9.5 +Male +4 av. |136|35 |20 | 22.2 | 13.0 |11.1 |6.8 |5.2 |3.4 |5.2 | 9.4 + min.|132|33 |19 | 21.5 | 12.3 |10.7 |6.5 |5.0 |3.1 |5.1 | 9.1 + max.|145|39 |20 | 23.2 | 13.9 |11.4 |7.3 |5.6 |3.5 |5.5 | 9.7 +Female +7 av. |134|33 |19 | 21.8 | 12.7^6*|10.9 |7.0 |5.4 |3.4 |5.1 | 9.5 + min.|125|30 |19 | 21.5 | 12.5 |10.5 |6.7 |5.3 |3.2 |5.0 | 9.2 + max.|147|35 |20 | 22.2 | 12.9 |11. |7.1 |5.6 |3.7 |5.3 | 9.8 + +_Clethrionomys gapperi wrangeli_, Wrangell + +Male +9 av. |139|36 |19 | 23.4^8| 13.3 |11.4^8 |7.3 | .6 | .6 | .6 | 9.6^8 + min.|130|31 |18 | 22.9 | 13.0 |10.9 |7.1 |5.5 |3.3 |5.4 | 9.2 + max.|151|43 |20 | 23.9 | 13.7 |11.8 |7.6 |5.8 |4.0 |5.8 |10.1 +Female +16 av.|134|34 |18^15| 23.2 | 13.3 |11.2^13|7.3 |5.8 |3.5 |5.5 | 9.4 + min.|123|28 |17 | 22.4 | 12.6 |10.7 |6.9 |5.5 |3.2 |5.2 | 9.0 + max.|156|45 |20 | 24.1 | 14.1 |11.8 |8.0 |6.1 |3.7 |5.9 | 9.7 + +_Clethrionomys gapperi phaeus_, Chickamin River + +Male +5 av. |148|47 |20 | 23.0^4| 13.7^4|11.3^4 |7.5^4|5.3^4|3.5^4|5.3^4| 9.7^3 + min.|138|38 |20 | 22.3 | 13.0 |11.1 |7.1 |5.3 |3.4 |4.9 | 9.3 + max.|159|51 |21 | 23.8 | 14.6 |11.8 |7.7 |5.6 |3.8 |5.6 |10.0 +Female +4 av. |153|49 |20 | 23.1^3| 13.4 |11.2^3 |7.6^3|5.2 |3.7 |5.3 | 9.6^3 + min.|140|44 |20 | 22.4 | 12.8 |10.8 |7.3 |5.0 |3.4 |5.1 | 9.2 + max.|164|56 |20 | 24.2 | 13.6 |11.4 |7.7 |5.3 |3.9 |5.5 | 9.8 + + *Superior numbers denote the number of individuals averaged. + + +_Measurements_.--External and cranial measurements of adults are given +in table 1. + +_Remarks_.--Morphologically _C. g. stikinensis_ shows greater +resemblance to _C. g. solus_ of Revillagigedo Island, than to the +geographically adjacent subspecies _C. g. wrangeli_ and _C. g. phaeus_. +Possibly the original stock of _C. g. solus_ was rafted to +Revillagigedo Island from the Cleveland Peninsula. + + _Specimens examined_.--Total, 29, all in the Museum of Vertebrate + Zoology, University of California, distributed as follows: British + Columbia: Stikine River at Great Glacier, 22; Stikine River at + Flood Glacier, 3. Alaska: Bradfield Canal, 1; Helm Bay, 2. + + + Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides (Audubon and Bachman) + + 1841. _Arvicola scalopsoides_ Audubon and Bachman, Proc. Acad. Nat. + Sci. Philadelphia, 1:97, type from Long Island, New York. + + 1912. _Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides_ Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus. + Bull., 79:229, December 31. + +Hanson (Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters, 36:124, 1944) +reported two pine mice from near Prairie du Sac, in Westpoint Township, +Columbia County, Wisconsin, as _Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides_ but +cast doubt upon their subspecific identity. He also reported pine mice +from Blue Mounds, Dane County, Wisconsin. We have examined these +specimens (Westpoint, Columbia County, 2--No. 544, skin only, UWDEZ, +and No. 521, skin only, H. C. Hanson's private collection; Westpoint, +Dane County, 1, No. 11620, UWZM; Vermont, Dane County, 2, Nos. 11674 +and 11694, UWZM) and have compared them with topotypes of _P. p. +schmidti_, and with specimens of _P. p. nemoralis_ and _P. p. +scalopsoides_. The specimens from Columbia and Dane counties differ +from _P. p. schmidti_ in the greater zygomatic breadth, and lesser +height of skull. They differ from _P. p. nemoralis_ of comparable age +in shorter tooth-row and generally smaller skull. The interorbital +region, however, is wider. In all of the features mentioned above, the +specimens in question agree with _Pitymys pinetorum scalopsoides_, to +which subspecies they are here referred. + + + Microtus pennsylvanicus aztecus (Allen) + + 1893. _Arvicola (Mynomes) aztecus_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 5:73, April 28, type from Aztec, 5900 ft., San Juan County, + New Mexico. + +Allen (_loc. cit._) described this species on the basis of two +specimens from Aztec, New Mexico, and three from La Plata, New Mexico. +He characterized it as "Size large; pelage very full and soft; tail +short; skull very narrow. + +"Above grayish brown with a tinge of pale buff; fur blackish plumbeous +beneath the surface, tipped with pale yellowish brown, and varied with +longer, projecting, black-tipped hairs; below grayish white, the fur +plumbeous beneath the surface and tipped with white, giving a whitish +gray effect. Feet dusky; tail dusky brown above, dull white below." + +Allen identified as this species "a large _Arvicola_ from Estes Park, +Colorado, which I have before been unable to allocate. I am unable to +find that it differs in any particular from the specimens from New +Mexico." He pointed out also (_op. cit._:73-74) that "The type and only +positively identified specimen of Baird's _Arvicola modesta_ [= +_Microtus pennsylvanicus modestus_ (Baird)] from Sawatche Pass, +Colorado, is a very young specimen in poor condition. An examination of +a series of adult and young examples from the type locality will be +necessary in order to determine its relationships to _A. alticolus_ [= +_Microtus longicaudus alticolus_ (Merriam)] and _A. aztecus_." + +Bailey, in his revision of the American voles of the genus _Microtus_ +(N. Amer. Fauna, 17:20), showed _Arvicola modesta_ Baird to be a +subspecies of _Microtus pennsylvanicus_ but retained _Microtus aztecus_ +(Allen) as a distinct species. In describing _M. aztecus_ he wrote "the +size similar to _M. pennsylvanicus_, but with shorter tail and larger +hindfoot; skull long; braincase narrow; interparietal long ..." and +remarked that "_Microtus aztecus_ belongs to the _pennsylvanicus_ +group. Externally it is not very different from _modestus_, but none of +the specimens show any signs of intergradation; and the skull +characters are so well marked that there seems no doubt of its full +specific rank." + +Subsequent to the publication of Allen's (_op. cit._) account and +Bailey's account (_op. cit._), additional material was collected that +helps to clarify the relationships of _Microtus aztecus_. A comparison +of six adult topotypes of _Microtus aztecus_ with a series of nine +adults of _M. p. modestus_ from 1 mi. S, 2 mi. E Eagle Nest, 8100 ft., +Colfax County, New Mexico, with three adults from 1-1/2 mi. E Manassa, +Conejos County, Colorado, and with four adults from Saguache County, +Colorado (all in KU), reveals that the supposed "well marked" external +and cranial differences between the two forms are not nearly so evident +as was indicated by Bailey. + +The cranial differences that exist between these two forms (narrower +nasals, slightly longer interparietal, slightly longer and narrower +skull in _aztecus_) are evident only as averages. Although +geographically intermediate specimens are lacking, the morphological +differences between the two kinds of animals are of the degree and kind +that separate subspecies, rather than species. We therefore judge _M. +aztecus_ (Allen) to be only subspecifically distinct from _M. +pennsylvanicus modestus_ and employ the name _Microtus pennsylvanicus +aztecus_. + + + Microtus pennsylvanicus funebris (Dale) + + 1940. _Microtus pennsylvanicus funebris_ Dale, Jour. Mamm., 21:338, + August 14, type from Coldstream, 1450 ft., 3-1/2 mi. SE Vernon, + British Columbia. + +Taylor and Shaw (Occas. Papers Charles R. Conner Mus., State College +Washington, 2:24, December, 1929) list under _Microtus nanus_ [= +_montanus_] _canescens_ material from Calispell Peak, Washington. +Probably the basis for this record is a specimen in the Biological +Surveys collection (adult male, 236474) taken on May 9, 1921, by G. G. +Cantwell, and labelled as Calispell Peak, 9 mi. W Locke, 3500 ft., Pend +Oreille County. An examination (by Hall and Kelson) of the specimen +discloses that it is of the species _Microtus pennsylvanicus_, and that +it falls within the geographic range ascribed to the subspecies +_Microtus pennsylvanicus funebris_ by Dalquest (Univ. Kansas Publ., +Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:346, April 9, 1948). + + + Microtus oeconomus amakensis (Murie) + + 1930. _Microtus amakensis_ Murie, Jour. Mamm., 11:74, February 11, + type from Amak Island, Bering Sea, Alaska. + +When Murie (Jour. Mamm., 11:75, February 11, 1930) named the meadow +mouse from Amak Island, Alaska, as _amakensis_, he arranged it as a +separate species. One of us (Hall) and K. R. Kelson examined the type +and topotypes of _amakensis_ in the Biological Surveys collection in +the U. S. National Museum and compared them with series of _Microtus +oeconomus operarius_, _M. o. sitkensis_, _M. o. elymocetes_, _M. o. +yakutatensis_, and _M. o. kadiacensis_. Among the specimens examined of +the latter subspecies were 17 from Izambek Bay, Kodiak Peninsula, on +the mainland opposite Amak Island, the type locality of _amakensis_. +The characters given by Murie (_op. cit._) serve to separate +_amakensis_ from closely related neighboring kinds of meadow mice, but +are of the degree and kind that, in this group of meadow mice, separate +subspecies rather than species. Although actual intergrades are +lacking, the animals from Amak Island are considered to be only +subspecifically distinct and to belong to the _oeconomus_ complex. The +name _Microtus oeconomus amakensis_ is applied to them. + + + Microtus longicaudus mordax (Merriam) + + 1891. _Arvicola_ (_Mynomes_) _mordax_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, + 5:61, July 30, type from Sawtooth (= Alturas) Lake, 7200 ft., east + base of Sawtooth Mountains, Blaine County, Idaho. + + 1938. _Microtus longicaudus mordax_, Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:491, + November 14. + +Dalquest (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:353, April 9, 1948) +assigned all the meadow mice of the species _Microtus longicaudus_ from +approximately the eastern half of Washington State to _Microtus +longicaudus halli_ Hayman and Holt and, in doing so, excluded the +subspecies _Microtus longicaudus mordax_ from that state. This +assignment of specimens in Washington had the effect of separating the +geographic range of _M. l. mordax_ into two parts. One part was in +south-central British Columbia and the other part was mainly in the +Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Hall and Kelson examined +specimens in the Biological Surveys collection in the U. S. National +Museum in an attempt to determine more precisely the ranges of the +subspecies in southern Canada, Washington, and Idaho. + +_Microtus longicaudus angustus_ [= _M. l. halli_] was described by one +of us (Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:13, April 10, 1931) as +differing from _mordax_ in narrower braincase, higher skull near the +anterior end of the frontals, darker coloration, and seemingly smaller +size. After examining the material in the U. S. National Museum no +reason is seen at the present time to amend this characterization, +except to add that some specimens of _M. l. mordax_ are as dark as +seasonably comparable specimens of _M. l. halli_. + +Examination of specimens of _Microtus longicaudus_ from Washington east +of the Cascade Range (those from the Blue Mountain area excepted) +discloses that the skulls do not differ essentially from those of +topotypes of _M. l. mordax_, but do differ, as outlined above, from +near-topotypes of _M. l. halli_. There is considerable variation in +color among the Washington-taken specimens of _Microtus longicaudus_. +Animals from the eastern flanks of the Cascades average darker than +those taken, north of the Snake River, still farther east in +Washington. Possibly Dalquest (_op. cit._) relied mainly upon this +darker color in assigning the specimens from eastern Washington to _M. +l. halli_. Relying principally upon cranial characters, we conclude +that most of the specimens are better referred to _M. l. mordax_ and +that _M. l. halli_ is restricted, in Washington, to the Blue Mountains. + + _Specimens examined of Microtus longicaudus mordax._--Total, 74, + all in the Biological Surveys Collection, distributed as follows: + Washington: _Okanogan_ _County_: mouth of Holmar Creek, W Fork + Paysaten River, 4700 ft., 1; Conconully, 3; Twisp, 1; Omak Lake, + 1200 ft., 3. _Stevens County_: 5 mi. N Colville, 1. _Pend Oreille + County_: 9 mi. N Metalina, 2600 ft., 1; Sullivan Lake, 3000 ft., 3. + _Chelan County_: Sethekin, 1079 ft., 3; head of Lake Chelan, 900 + ft., 12; Hart Lake, Railroad Creek, 3900 ft., 1; Entiat, 20 mi from + mouth of Entiat River, 1680 ft., 13; Wenatchee, 4. _Douglas + County_: Waterville, 1. _Jefferson County_: Cleveland, 2. _Kittitas + County_: 2 mi. S Blewett Pass, 3000 ft., 6: Ellensburg, 1500 ft., + 4. _Whitman County_: Colfax, 2. _Yakima County_: McAllister + Meadows, Tieton River, 3000 ft., 3; Gotchen Cr., 5500 ft., near + Sava Spring, Mt. Adams, 2. _Klickitat County_: 8 mi. S Glenwood, + base Mt. Adams, 2. _Asotin County_: Anatone, 3300 ft., 4; Bly, 1000 + ft., 2. + + + Microtus miurus muriei (Nelson) + + 1931. _Microtus muriei_ Nelson, Jour. Mamm., 12:311, August 24, + type from Kutuk River (tributary of Alatna River), Endicott Mts., + Alaska. + +Rausch (Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:135, April 21, 1950) proposed +the name _Microtus miurus paneaki_, with type locality at Tolugak Lake +(lat. 68° 24' N, long. 152° 10' W), Brooks Range, Alaska, for a meadow +mouse of the subgenus _Stenocranius_. This place is only approximately +forty miles east and north of the type locality of the earlier named +_Microtus muriei_, also a member of the subgenus _Stenocranius_. Large +series of specimens of this subgenus, from the Arctic Slope of Alaska, +are in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas. Study +of these indicates that the differences, which Rausch (_op. cit._:136) +described as distinguishing his _M. m. paneaki_ from _M. muriei_, +result from differences in age of the specimens, and possibly in part +from differences in seasonal condition of pelage. For example, Rausch +thought that _M. m. paneaki_ was larger than _M. muriei_ but our +specimens reveal that such is not the case. The measurements given +below of the type specimen of _M. muriei_ (after Nelson, original +description) and measurements (in parentheses) of an immature female +(43807 K. U.) of _Microtus miurus muriei_ from Chandler Lake, 68° 12', +152° 45', 2900 ft., Alaska, show close correspondence in size. Total +length, 119 (122); tail vertebrae, 24 (24); hind foot, 20 (20); +condylobasal length, 24.3 (24.5); zygomatic breadth, 10.7 (11.0); +greatest width of braincase, 9.0 (9.0); length of nasals, 6.5 (6.0); +basal width of rostrum, 4.0 (4.3). In the light of all of the evidence +now available, it seems best to treat _Microtus miurus paneaki_ Rausch +as a synonym of _Microtus muriei_ Nelson. + +Quay (Jour. Mamm., 32:95, February 15, 1951) identified fifty-eight +specimens from the Seward Peninsula of Alaska as _Microtus miurus +oreas_ Osgood. Through the courtesy of Dr. Charles P. Lyman, fifteen of +Quay's specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard +College have been examined by one of us (Hall). These specimens are as +follows: Lava Lake (43378, 43379, 43381, 43382, 43386, 43467 and +43478); Mt. Boyan (43384, 43385, 43463 and 43477); Anvil Hill [= Peak], +Cooper Gulch (43377, 43464 and 43473); ----? Lake, 43383. Although we +are not prepared to say that these specimens are _M. m. muriei_, they +seem to resemble _M. m. muriei_ as closely as they do any other named +form and we here refer them to that subspecies. + +The facts are that a critical taxonomic study of the American specimens +of the subgenus _Stenocranius_ is required in order to ascertain the +geographic variation. One of us (Hall) has examined the holotypes of +the kinds named from Alaska, and the material listed by R. Baker (Univ. +Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:109) of the two kinds named from +Canada. The degree and nature of the variation shown by these specimens +lead us to the conclusion that all are of a single species. If the +American mouse is specifically distinct from any of the previously +named Asiatic species--at this writing we lack material to decide this +question--the named kinds from the mainland of the New World may stand +as follows: + + MICROTUS MIURUS ANDERSONI Rand. + + 1945. _Microtus andersoni_ Rand, Bull. Nat. Mus. Canada, 99:42, + prior to June 20, type from near headwaters of Little Keel + River, 5500 ft., 82 mi. W Mackenzie River on Canol Road, + Mackenzie. + + MICROTUS MIURUS CANTATOR Anderson. + + 1947. _Microtus cantator_ Anderson, Bull. Nat. Mus. Canada, + 102:161, January 24, type from mountain top near Tepee Lake, + 61° 35' N, 140° 22' W, N slope Elias Range, Yukon Terr. + + MICROTUS MIURUS MIURUS Osgood. + + 1901. _Microtus miurus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 21:64, + September 26, type from head of Bear Creek, in mts. near Hope + City, Turnagain Arm, Cook Inlet, Alaska. + + MICROTUS MIURUS MURIEI Nelson. + + 1931. _Microtus muriei_ Nelson, Jour. Mamm., 12:311, August 24, + type from Kutuk River (tributary of Alatna River), Endicott + Mts., Alaska. + + 1950. _Microtus miurus paneaki_ Rausch, Jour. Washington Acad. + Sci., 40:135, April 21, type from Tolugak Lake (lat. 68° 24' N, + long. 152° 10'), Brooks Range, Alaska. + + MICROTUS MIURUS OREAS Osgood. + + 1907. _Microtus miurus oreas_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 20:61, April 18, type from Toklat River, Alaskan + Range, Alaska. + + + _Transmitted July 8, 1952._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Comments on the Taxonomy and +Geographic Distribution of North American Microtines, by E. Raymond Hall and E. 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