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diff --git a/29214.txt b/29214.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1ead727 --- /dev/null +++ b/29214.txt @@ -0,0 +1,8693 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Dialogues in French and English, by William Caxton + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Dialogues in French and English + +Author: William Caxton + +Editor: Henry Bradley + +Release Date: June 24, 2009 [EBook #29214] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIALOGUES IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Greg Lindahl and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: + +This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real" +(Unicode/UTF-8) version. A few letters such as "oe" have been unpacked, +and curly quotes and apostrophes have been replaced with the simpler +"typewriter" form. + +In the main text, page divisions have been retained because page and +line numbers are used in the Index. Page numbers are shown in [[double +brackets]]. Page numbers in the Table of Contents are original. + +Further details on format are at the end of the e-text, followed by +a list of errors noted by the transcriber. Numbering errors in the +vocabulary lists are shown inline in [[double brackets]].] + + + + + Early English Text Society. + + EXTRA SERIES, LXXIX. + + + Dialogues in French and English. + + BY WILLIAM CAXTON. + + (Adapted from a Fourteenth-Century Book of Dialogues + in French and Flemish.) + + EDITED FROM CAXTON'S PRINTED TEXT (ABOUT 1483), WITH + INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND WORD-LISTS, + + BY + + HENRY BRADLEY, M.A., + + _Joint-Editor of the New English Dictionary._ + + LONDON: + PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, + BY KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUeBNER & CO., Ltd. + + PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD. + + MDCCCC. + + + _Price Ten Shillings._ + + + + + BERLIN: ASHER & CO., 13, UNTER DEN LINDEN. + NEW YORK: C. SCRIBNER & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT. + PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO. + + + + + Dialogues in French and English. + + BY WILLIAM CAXTON. + + (Adapted from a Fourteenth-Century Book of Dialogues + in French and Flemish.) + + EDITED FROM CAXTON'S PRINTED TEXT (ABOUT 1483), WITH + INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND WORD-LISTS, + + BY + + HENRY BRADLEY, M.A., + _Joint-Editor of the New English Dictionary._ + + LONDON: + PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, + BY KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUeBNER & CO., Ltd. + + PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD. + M DCCCC. + + + + +Extra Series, No. LXXIX. + +OXFORD: HORACE HART, M.A., PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY. + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +The work now for the first time reprinted from Caxton's original edition +has been preserved in three copies. One of these is in the Library of +Ripon Cathedral, another in the Spencer Library, now at Manchester, and +the third at Bamborough Castle. A small fragment, consisting of pp. +17-18 and 27-28, is in the Bodleian Library. The text of the present +edition is taken from the Ripon copy. I have not had an opportunity of +seeing this myself; but a type-written transcript was supplied to me by +Mr. John Whitham, Chapter Clerk of Ripon Cathedral, and the proofs were +collated with the Ripon book by the Rev. Dr. Fowler, Vice-Principal of +Bishop Hatfield's Hall, Durham, who was kind enough to re-examine every +passage in which I suspected a possible inaccuracy. It is therefore +reasonable to hope that the present reprint will be found to be a +strictly faithful representation of the original edition. + +The earlier bibliographers gave to the book the entirely inappropriate +title of 'Instructions for Travellers.' Mr. Blades is nearer the mark in +calling it 'A Vocabulary in French and English,' but, as it consists +chiefly of a collection of colloquial phrases and dialogues, the +designation adopted in the present edition appears to be preferable. As +in other printed works of the same period, there is no title-page in the +original edition, so that a modern editor is at liberty to give to the +book whatever name may most accurately describe its character. The name +of Caxton does not occur in the colophon, which merely states that the +work was printed at Westminster; but the authorship is sufficiently +certain from internal evidence. On the ground of the form of type +employed, Mr. Blades inferred that the book was printed about 1483. +However this may be, there are, as will be shown, decisive reasons for +believing that it was written at a much earlier period. + +A fact which has hitherto escaped notice is that Caxton's book is +essentially an adaptation of a collection of phrases and dialogues in +French and Flemish, of which an edition was published by Michelant in +1875[1], from a MS. in the Bibliotheque Nationale. + + [Footnote 1: _Le Livre des Mestiers: Dialogues francais-flamands + composes au XIV^e siecle par un maitre d'ecole de la ville de + Bruges_. Paris: Librairie Tross.] + +The text of Caxton's original cannot, indeed, have been precisely +identical with that of the MS. used by Michelant. It contained many +passages which are wanting in the Paris MS., and in some instances had +obviously preferable readings. Caxton's English sentences are very often +servile translations from the Flemish, and he sometimes falls into the +use of Flemish words and idioms in such a way as to show that his long +residence abroad had impaired his familiarity with his native language. +The French _respaulme cet hanap_, for instance, is rendered by 'spoylle +the cup.' Of course the English verb _spoylle_ never meant 'to rinse'; +Caxton was misled by the sound of the Flemish _spoel_. Caxton's 'after +the house,' as a translation of _aual la maison_ (throughout the house), +is explicable only by a reference to the Flemish version, which has +_achter huse_. The verb _formaketh_, which has not elsewhere been found +in English, is an adoption of the Flemish _vermaect_ (repairs). Another +Flemicism is Caxton's _whiler_ (= while ere) for 'some time ago,' in +Flemish _wilen eer_. It is still more curious to find Caxton writing 'it +_en_ is not,' instead of 'it is not'; this _en_ is the particle prefixed +in Flemish to the verb of a negative sentence. As is well known, +Caxton's translation of 'Reynard the Fox' exhibits many phenomena of a +similar kind. From all the circumstances, we may perhaps conclude that +Caxton, while still resident in Bruges, added an English column to his +copy of the French-Flemish phrase-book, rather as a sort of exercise +than with any view to publication, and that he handed it over to his +compositors at Westminster without taking the trouble to subject it to +any material revision. + +The original work contains so many references to the city of Bruges that +it is impossible to doubt that it was compiled there. According to +Michelant, the Paris MS. was written in the first half of the fourteenth +century. The MS. used by Caxton must itself have been written not later +than the second decade of the fifteenth century; unless, indeed, it was +an unaltered transcript from an older MS. The evidence on which this +conclusion is based is somewhat curious. Caxton's text contains two +passages in which the pope is spoken of as still resident at Avignon. +Now the 'Babylonish captivity' of the popes ended in 1378; and, even if +we suppose that at Bruges the Avignon anti-popes were recognized by some +persons to the very last, the latest date at which these passages could +have been written is the year 1417. It is not easy to understand how it +was possible for Caxton to leave uncorrected these references to a state +of things which he must have known had long ceased to exist. The only +explanation of the fact seems to be that, as has been suggested above, +he sent his many years old MS. to the press without going over it again. +It may be remarked that one of the Avignon passages does not occur in +the text as printed by Michelant. As it would be absurd to suppose that +it was introduced by Caxton himself, the inference is clear that his +copy of the original work was fuller than that contained in the Paris +MS. Probably Caxton may have added a few lines here and there--the +mention of certain English towns and fairs on pp. 18-19, and that of +English bishoprics on p. 23, for instance, were most likely inserted by +him. But by far the greatest portion of the matter which is peculiar to +Caxton's form of the dialogues may be confidently ascribed to his +original, on account of the frequent occurrence of passages in which, +while the French is quite correct, the English translation shows +imperfect understanding of the sense. + +One of the most remarkable differences between Caxton's form of the +dialogues and that which is preserved in the Paris MS. consists in the +transposition of several of the sections in that portion of the work to +which the title 'Le Livre des Mestiers' is most properly applicable (pp. +24-44 of Caxton's edition). In both versions the sections in this +portion are arranged in the alphabetical order of the Christian names of +the persons referred to; but the names connected with particular +employments are not always the same in the two versions. Thus in +Michelant the bowyer is called Filbert, in Caxton he is Guillebert; in +Michelant the carpenter is Henri, in Caxton Lambert; in Michelant the +tiler is Martin, in Caxton Lamfroy; and so on. The resulting +transpositions render it somewhat difficult at first sight to perceive +the substantial identity of the matter in the two books. If an editor +wished to print Caxton's text and that of the Paris MS. in parallel +columns, he would need to have recourse to the ingenious device adopted +by Professor Skeat in the Clarendon Press edition of the three +recensions of _Piers Plowman_; that is to say, all the sections in which +the names have been altered would have to be given twice over in each +column--with large print where they occur in their alphabetical place, +and with small print opposite to the corresponding sections in the other +text. It is hard to see why the person who made the later version +followed by Caxton should have taken the trouble to alter the names and +re-arrange the material in the new alphabetical order. One might almost +suspect that the names were those of actual tradesmen in Bruges, and +that the alterations represent changes that had taken place between the +earlier and the later edition of the book. + +The French of the Paris MS. is the Picard dialect of the former half of +the fourteenth century. The French of Caxton's book retains many of the +original north-eastern forms, but is to a considerable extent modernized +and assimilated to the literary language of a later period. Such +'etymological' spellings as _recepueur_, _debuoit_, are common in +Caxton's text, but rarely occur in Michelant. The following comparative +specimen of the two versions will afford some notion of the +orthographical and grammatical differences between them, and also of the +degree in which Caxton's English was influenced by his Flemish original. + + + MICHELANT. + CAXTON. + + Pierres le bateur a l'arket + Pietre de coutenslaerre + Pyere le bateure de laine + Peter the betar of wulle + + Va tout useus, + Gaet al ledich, + Va tout oyseux, + Gooth alle ydle, + + Car ses doiiens + Want siin deken + Car son doyen + For his dene + + Li ha desfendu son mestier + Heeft hem verboden sin ambocht + Lui a deffendu son mestier + Hath forboden hym hys craft + + Sur l'amende de xx. sauls, + Up de boete van xx. scelle, + Sour l'amende de vingt solz, + Vpon thamendes of xx. shelyngs, + + Dusqu' a dont qu'il aura + Tote dien dat hi sal hebben + Jusques a dont quil aura + Till that he shall haue + + Achate le franchise. + Ghecocht sine vrihede. + Achatte sa franchise. + Bought his franchyse. + + Il s'en plaindra + Hi sals hem beclaghen + Il sen plaindra + He shall complaine hym + + Au bourghmaistre, + Den buerghmeestre, + Au burchmaistre, + Unto bourghmaistre, + + Et li doiiens, ne si jurei + Ende de dekene no sine gheswoerne + Et les gardiens des mestiers + And the wardeyns of the crafte + + N'en font conte. + Ne micken niet. + Nen font compte. + sette not therby. + + Pol li cuveliers + Pauwels de cupre + Poul le cuuelier + Poule the couper + + Fait et refait cuves, + Maect ende vermaect cupen, + Faict et refaict les cuues, + Maketh and formaketh the keupis, + + Cuviers et tonniaux, + Cupekine ende vaten, + tonniaulx, vaissiaux + Barellis, vassellis + + Chercles et tonnelets + Houpen ende tonnekine. + Courans et gouttans. + Lekyng and droppyng. + + Il ont doilloires, wembelkins, + Si hebben paerden, spikelboren, + + Forets, tareales, et planes. + Foretten, navegheeren ende scaven. + + Paulins le mesureur de ble + Pauwelin de corenmetere + Paulin le mesureur de bled + Paulyn the metar of corne + + A si longement mesuret, + Heeft so langhe ghemeten. + A tant mesure + Hath so moche moten + + De bled et de mestelon + Of corne and of mestelyn, + + Qu'il ne puet plus + Dat hi mach nemmeer + Quil ne peult plus + That he may no more + + Par che grande villeche; + Mit sire groter outheide; + de viellesse; + for age; + + Car il est tout kenus. + Want hi es al calv. + Il est tout gryse. + He is alle graye. + + Il donna [_sic_] a chescun sa mesure. + He gyueth to euerich his mesure. + + Pirote, si filleulle, + Pierote, siin dochterkine, + Pieronne sa filleule + Pieryne his doughter + + Est la pire garche + Es die quaetste dierne + Est la pieure grace + Is the shrewest ghyrle + + Que je sache + Die ic weet + Que ie sache + That I knowe + + Decha mer, ne dela. + An disside der zee, no an ghene zide. + de cha la mere. + on this side the see. + + Quintins li tonliers + Quintin de tolnare + Quintin le tollenier + Quyntyne the tollar + + A pris de mi + Heeft ghenomen van mi + A pris de moy + Hath taken of me + + Une lb. de gros + 1 lb. grot + Vng liure de gros + A pound of grotes + + Plus qu'il ne devoit; + Meer dan hi sculdich was; + Plus quil ne debuoit prendre + More than he ought to take + + Du droit tonlieu; + Of right tolle. + + Si m'en trairai + Zo dat ic sal trucken + Sy me trayeray + So shall I drawe me + + Au recheveur + Vor den ontfanghere + Au recepueur + Vnto the receyuour + + Pour faire me plainte, + Omme te doene mine claghe + + Et pour men droit requerre. + Ende omne min recht te versoukene. + Pour men droit requerre. + For my right to requyre. + +In the present edition Caxton's text has been literally reproduced, +except that obvious misprints are corrected (the original readings being +given in the marginal notes[1]), and that modern punctuation has been +added for the sake of intelligibility. Where Caxton leaves a space for +an illuminated initial (a small letter being printed in the middle to +serve as a guide) I have used a large capital. The List of English Words +at the end is intended to contain all the words that require any +explanation, or are on any account noteworthy. The List of French Words, +which I was unable to prepare on account of ill-health, has been +compiled by Mr. Henry Littlehales. + + HENRY BRADLEY. + + [Footnote 1: Misprints affecting only the word-division, however, + have been corrected without remark.] + + + + +NOTES. + + +3^17. This corresponds with the beginning of the French-Flemish +dialogues printed by Michelant. The preceding table of contents may have +been added by Caxton himself. + +3^32-4^7. Not in Michelant. + +4^8. The French should no doubt read _quil y ait_, as in Michelant, but +Caxton translates the erroneous reading. + +8^36. There is some mistake here. Michelant's text has _cavecheul_, +bed's head. + +8^39-10^6. Michelant's text is here quite different, enumerating the +parts of the body and the articles necessary for the toilet. + +13^19. _Confite_ is a misreading on Caxton's part for _confire_, +comfrey; Michelant has the right word. + +15^31. _Sera_ should be _fera_, as in Michelant; the sense is 'the +abatement which you will make will cause it to be sold.' Caxton attempts +to translate the erroneous reading _sera_, but his translation makes no +sense. + +16^1-17^19. This interesting portion of the dialogue is not in +Michelant. + +18^18. _It en is not_ = Flemish _het en es niet_. Evidently when this +was written Caxton had become more familiar with Flemish than with his +native language. + +18^26-19^10. The names of English towns in this list are added by +Caxton. + +22^14-25^9. The enumeration of ecclesiastical and civil dignitaries is +much more full here than in Michelant's text, but it is probable that +Caxton had before him an amplified copy of the original work, as the +mention of the pope's residence at Avignon obviously cannot have been +inserted by him. The names of English bishoprics, however, are most +likely added by Caxton. + +24^6. _Bogars_ in the French column (rendered by _lewd freris_, i.e. lay +brothers) appears to be a mistake for _Begars_, Beghards. + +26^37. _Spoylle the cuppe._ Another proof that Caxton had forgotten his +English. The Flemish is _spoel den nap_, 'rinse the cup'; the English +_spoil_ of course never had the sense 'to rinse.' + +29^12. _Byledyng_ is an attempt at literal interpretation of the French +_deduit_, delight. + +29^13. _Serouge (serourge)_ is properly 'brother-in-law'; it is not +clear whether Caxton's rendering _cosen alyed_ is a mistranslation, or +whether the French word was used at Bruges in the extended sense. + +30^4-6. This reference to the truce between the English and the Scots is +not, as might perhaps be thought, an insertion by Caxton. Michelant +considers the truce in question to be that of the year 1340. + +30^30-33. Michelant's text omits these lines, to the manifest injury of +the sense. + +35^23-25. Caxton seems here to have found his MS. illegible: Michelant's +text has 'Fremius [? read _Fremins_] ses voisins Dist qu'el vault bien +son argent.' + +37^8-30. This emphatic praise of the writer's craft is not in Michelant; +probably it expresses Caxton's own sentiments. + +38^36. _Enprintees_, which Caxton amazingly renders 'enprinted,' is +doubtless a mistake for _enpruntes_, borrowed. The occurrence of this +mistake shows that the passage must have been in Caxton's original, +though it is not in Michelant's text. Caxton's account of the +bookseller's stock is much fuller than that in Michelant, but apparently +this is not due, as might naturally be supposed, to his own interest in +the subject. + +44^17. _Formaketh_, literally adopted from the Flemish _vermaect_, +repairs. + +44^26. _Filleule_ is god-daughter, not 'daughter.' The Flemish has +_dochterkine_, which, though literally = 'little daughter,' was used for +'god-daughter.' + +46^1. It is curious that the names beginning with S and T, which appear +in Michelant, are omitted by Caxton. Possibly a leaf was missing in his +original. + +50^22. From this line to the end seems to be an addition by Caxton. + + + + + [CAXTON'S DIALOGUES] + + [Or 'A Book for Travellers,' _Typ. Ant._ i. 315: or + 'A Vocabulary,' Blades, ii. 133.] + + [TABLE OF CONTENTS.] + + FRENSSHE. + ENGLISSH. + +[Sidenote: P. 1.] + + CY commence la table + HIER begynneth the table + De cest prouffytable doctrine, + Of this prouffytable lernynge, + Pour trouuer tout par ordene + For to fynde all by ordre + Ce que on vouldra aprendre. + That whiche men wylle lerne. 4 + + [PAGE] + + Premierment, linuocacion de la + trinite; 3 + Fyrst, the callyng of the trinite; + Comment on doibt chescun saluer; 4 + How every man ought grete othir; + Les meubles aual la mayson; 6 + The catayllys langyng to the house; 8 + Les noms des chars & de beestes[1]; 10 + The names of flessh and of bestis; + + [Footnote 1: beestis] + + Et doysiaulz priues & sauuages; 10 + And of byrdes tame and wylde; + Les noms des poyssons de mer; 11 + The names of fysshes of the see; + Et des poyssons des Ryuiers; 12 + And of fysshes of the Riuers; 12 + Les noms de compenaiges; 12 + The names of whyte mete; + Les noms des fruis darbres; 13 + The names of the fruytes of trees; + Les noms des pluiseurs arbres; 13 + The names of diuerse trees; + Les noms des potages; 13 + The names of potages; 16 + Les noms des co{m}muns beuurages; 14 + The names of comyn drynkes; + La marchandyse des draps 14 + The marchandise of clothe + Des diuerses villes et festes; 18 + Of diuerse tounes and fayres; + Les marchandises des laines; 19 + The marchandyse of wulle; 20 + Les noms des cuyrs & des peaulx; 19 + The names of hydes and of skynnes; + Les noms des apotecaires; 19 + The names of the apotecaries; + Les noms des Oyles, 20 + The names of Oyles, + Des coleurs des paintres; 20 + Of the colours of paynters; 24 + Les noms des crasseries, 20 + The names of coriars, + Des aluns et daultres tainctures; 20 + Of alume and of othir colours; + Les noms des tous metauls; 21 + The names of all metals; + Les noms des merceries; 21 + The names of merceryes; 28 +[[2]] + Les noms des pluiseurs graines; 22 + The names of diuerse graynes; + Des prelats de saincte eglyse, 22 + Of the prelates of holy chirche, + Du pape, cardinaulz, euesques, 22 + Of the pope, cardinals, bisshops, + Archeuesques, abbes, et officiaulx, 23 + Archebisshops, abbotes, and officials, 4 + Des moynes et gens de lordene; 23 + Of monkes and folke of ordre; + De lempereur, roys, et roynes, 22 + Of themperour, kynges, and quenes, + Des ducs, countes, et princes, 24 + Of dukes, erles, and princes, + Barons, cheualiers, escuyers; 24 + Barons, knyghtes, and squyers; 8 + Les noms dhommes et des femmes, 25 + The names of men and of wymmen, + Et des mestiers, selon lordre de + a b c; 26 + And of craftes, after thordre of + a b c; + Les grandes festes et termes de + lan; 28 + The grete festes and termes of the + yere; 12 + Des orfeures, tisserans, & foulons[1], 31 + Of goldsmythes, weuers, and fullers, + + [Footnote 1: foulous] + + Tondeurs, pigneresses, fileresses; 32 + Sheremen, kempsters, spynsters; + Des lormiers et armurers, 33 + Of bridelmakers and armorers, 16 + +[Sidenote: P. 2.] + + Des tailliers & Vieswariers, 34 + Of tayllours and vpholdsters, + Des taincturiers[2] & drappiers, 35 + Of dyers and drapers, + + [Footnote 2: taiuc-] + + Des boulengiers & cordewaniers, 35 + Of bakers and shoomakers, + Des escripuains & arceniers, 36 + Of skriueners and boumakers, 20 + Des moulniers & bouchiers, 37 + Of mylnars and bochiers, + Des poissonners & teliers, 38 + Of fysshmongers and of lynweuers, + Des chaudeliers[3] & libraries, 38 + Of ketelmakers and librariers, + + [Footnote 3: chan-] + + Des gauntiers & corbelliers, 40, 38 + Of glouers and of maundemakers, 24 + Des painturers & vsuriers, 39 + Of paintours and vsuriers, + Des couureurs de tieulles & destrain, 40 + Of tylers and thatchers, + Des charpentiers & feultriers, 39 + Of carpenters and hatmakers, + Des chauetiers et boursiers, 41 + Of cobelers and pursers, 28 + Des cousturiers et especiers, 42 + Of shepsters and spycers, + Des coultiers et hosteliers, 42 + Of brokers and hosteliers, + Des touriers et cuueliers, 43 + Of kepars of prisons and coupers, + Des mesuriers et messagiers, 44 + Of metars and messagiers, 32 + Des chartons et changiers, 45 + Of carters and chaungers, + Des mo{n}noyers et pastesiers, 45 + Of myntemakers and pybakers, + Des jougleurs & teneurs, 46 + Of pleyers and tawyers, + Des vairriers et serruriers, 46 + Of makers of greywerke and lokyers, 36 + Des gorliers et huchiers, 46 + Of gorelmakers and joyners, + Des parcenniers; 47 + Of parchemyn makers; + Et les parolles que chescun 49 + And the wordes that eueryche + Pourra apprendre pour aler + May lerne for to goo 40 + +[[3]] +[Headnote: CONTENTS. OBJECT OF THE BOOK. PROLOGUE.] + + Dun pays au ville a aultre; 49 + Fro one lande or toune to anothir; + Et plus aultres raysons + And moo othir resons + Que seroyent trop longues + That shold be over longe + De mettre en cest table. + To sette in this table. 4 + En la fin de cest doctrine 50 + In the ende of this doctrine + Trouueres[1] la maniere + Shall ye fynde the manere + + [Footnote 1: Trouuerers] + + Pour aprendre acompter 51 + For to lerne rekene + Par liures, par soulz, par deniers. + By poundes, by shelynges, by pens. 8 + Vostre recepte et vostre myse + Your recyte and your gyuing oute + Raportes tout en somme. + Brynge it all in somme. + Faittes diligence daprendre. + Doo diligence for to lerne. + Fuyes oyseusete, petyz et grandes, + Flee ydlenes, smal and grete, 12 + Car tous vices en so{u}nt sourdans. + For all vices springen therof. + Tres bonne doctrine + Ryght good lernyng + Pour aprendre + For to lerne + Briefment fransoys et engloys. + Shortly frenssh and englyssh. 16 + + + + +[Sidenote: P. 3.] + + ++OV nom du pere, + In the name of the fadre, + Et du filz, + And of the soone, + Et du sainte esperite, + And of the holy ghoost, + Veul commencier + I wyll begynne 20 + Et ordonner ung livre, + And ordeyne this book, + Par le quel on pourra + By the whiche men shall mowe + Roysonnablement entendre + Resonably vnderstande + Fransoys et engloys, + Frenssh and englissh, 24 + Du tant co{m}me cest escript + Of as moche as this writing + Pourra contenir et estendre; + Shall conteyne and stratche; + Car il ne peult tout comprendre; + For he may not alle comprise; + Mais ce quon ny trouuera + But that which can not be founden 28 + Declaire en cestui + Declared in this + Pourra on trouuer ailleurs, + Shall be founde somwhere els, + En aultres liures. + In othir bookes. + Mais sachies pour voir + But knowe for trouthe 32 + Que es lignes de cest aucteur + That in the lynes of this auctour + Sount plus de parolles et de raysons + Ben moo wordes and reasons + Comprinses, et de responses, + Comprised, and of ansuers, + Que[2] en moult daultres liures. + Than in many othir bookes. 36 + + [Footnote 2: Qne] + + Qui ceste liure vouldra aprendre + Who this booke shall wylle lerne + Bien pourra entreprendre + May well entreprise or take on honde + +[[4]] +[Headnote: THIS IS A TRADER'S HANDBOOK. HOW TO SALUTE FOLK.] + + Marchandises dun pays a lautre, + Marchandises fro one land to anothir, + Et cognoistre maintes denrees + And to knowe many wares + Que[1] lui seroient bon achetes + Which to hym shalbe good to be bou[gh]t 4 + Ou vendues pour riche deuenir. + Or solde for riche to become. + + [Footnote 1: Qne] + + Aprendes ce liure diligement; + Lerne this book diligently; + Grande prouffyt y gyst vrayement. + Grete prouffyt lieth therin truly. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. I.]] + + ++OR scaues quil affiert + ++NOw knowe what behoueth 8 + Quil ait du tout vne partie. + That he haue of alle a partie. + Quand vous alles par les rues, + Whan ye goo by the streetes, + Et vous encountres aulcuns + And ye mete ony + Que vous cognossies, + That ye knowe, 12 + Ou[2] quilz soyent de vostre + Or that they be of your + cognoissa{u}nce, + knowelech, + + [Footnote 2: On] + + Soyes ysnel et apparaillies + Be swyft and redy + De luy ou deulx premier saluer, + Hym or hem first to grete, 16 + Sil est ou sils so{u}nt hommes de valeur. + Yf he be or they be men of valure. + Ostes vostre chappron + Doo of your hood + Pour dames & damoysellys; + For ladies and damoyselles; + Se ilz ostent leur chaperon, + Yf they doo of their hood, 20 + Sy le remettes de vous mayns. + So sette it on agayn with your ha{n}dis. + En telle maniere + In such manere + +[Sidenote: P. 4.] + + Les poes saluer: + May ye salewe them: + "Sire, dieu vous garde!" + "Syre, god you kepe!" 24 + Cest le plus bryef + That is the shortest + Que on puise dyre + That one may saye + Aux gens en saluant. + To the peple in salewyng. + Ou, en aultres vsages:-- + Or, in othir vsages:-- 28 + "Syre, vous soyes bien venus." + "Sire, ye be welcome." + "Vous, dame ou damoyselle, + "Ye, lady or damoyselle, + Vous soyes la bien venu." + Ye ben welcome." + "Sire, dieu vous doinst bon jour." + "Syre, god gyue you good daye." 32 + "Dame, bon jour vous doinst no{st}re + "Dame, good daye giue you our + sire." + lord." + "Compaignon ou amye, + "Felawe or frende, + Vous soies le bien venus." + Ye be welcome." 36 + "Que faictes vous? comment vous + "What do ye? how is it with + est?" + you?" + "Bien; que bien vous aies." + "Well; that well mote ye haue." + "Ou aues este si longement? + "Where haue ye ben so longe? 40 + +[[5]] +[Headnote: SALUTATIONS. HOW TO TAKE LEAVE OF FOLK.] + + Je ne vous vey piecha." + I haue not seen you in longe tyme." + "Jay este longement hors du pays." + "I haue ben longe out of the contre." + "En quel pays?" + "In what contre?" + "Sire, ce seroit + "Syre, that shold be 4 + Trop a racompter; + Ouermoche for to telle; + Mais sil vous plaist aulcune chose + But if you plaise ony thyng + Que ie puisse fayre, + That I may doo, + Commandes le moy + Commaunde it me 8 + Comme a celuy + As to hym + Qui volentiers le feroit." + That gladly shall doo it." + "Sire, grand mercy + "Syre, gramercy + De vous courtoyses parolles + Of your courtoys wordes 12 + Et de vostre bonne volente; + And of your good wyll; + Dieu le vous mire!" + God reward you!" + "Dieu le me laisse deseruyr! + "God late me deserue it! + Sachies certainement[1] + Knowe ye certaynely 16 + Que vous ne y estes + That ye be not + Point engaignies[2], + Nothyng deceyued[5], + + [Footnote 1: certaineint] + + [Footnote 2: eugaignies] + + [Footnote 5: deceyned] + + Car ce vous feroye ie, + For that wold I doo + Pour vous et pour les vostres. + For you and for youris. 20 + +A dieu vous comande. + +To god I you commaunde. + Je prenge congie[3] a vous." + I take leue of you." + + [Footnote 3: cougie] + + Respondes ainsi: + Ansuere thus: + "Nostre sire vous conduyse!" + "Our lorde conduyte you!" 24 + "A dieu soyes vous comandes!" + "To god mote ye be commaunded!" + "Dieu vous ait en sa sainte garde!" + "God you haue in his holy kepyng!" + +[Sidenote: P. 5.] + + "Allez a dieu[4]. + "Goo ye to god. + + [Footnote 4: dien] + + Salues moy la dame + Grete me the lady 28 + (Ou la damoyselle) + (Or the damyselle) + De vostre mayson + Of your house + (Ou de vostre hostel), + (Or of your heberow), + Vostre femme, vous enfans, + Your wyf, your children, 32 + Vostre mary, + Your husbonde, + Vostre fyltz et vous filles, + Your sones and your doughtres, + Toute vostre maisnye. + Alle your meyne. + Si me recomandes + Also recommaunde me 36 + A mon seigneur, + To my lorde, + A mes damoyseauls, + To my yong lordes, + A ma dame, + To my lady, + A ma damoyselle, + To my yong lady, 40 + +[[6]] +[Headnote: TAKING LEAVE. WINDOWS, BEDS AND BEDDING.] + + A vostre pere et a vostre mere, + To your fadre and to your modre, + A vostre tayon et a vostre taye, + To your belfadre & to your beldame, + A vostre oncle et a vostre aunte, + To your eme & to your aunte, + A vostre cosyns et a vostre cosynes, + To your cosyns and to your nieces, 4 + A vous cousyns germains, + To your cosyns germayns, + A vostre nepheux & a vostre nieces, + To your neueus & to your nieces, + Qui sont enfans de vostre frere + Whiche ben children of your brother + Ou de vostre soeur. + Or of your suster. 8 + Vous freres, vous soeurs, + Your brethern, your sustres, + Ne loublies mye." + Forgete them not." + "Je le vous feray voulentiers. + "I shal do it for you gladly. + A dieu vous command." + To god I commaunde you." 12 + "Or alles a dieu." + "Now goo to god." + Cy finent les salutations + Thus enden the salutations + Et les responses. + And the ansueris. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. II.]] + + ++OR mestoet auant parler + ++NOw standeth me for to speke 16 + Daultres choses necessaires: + Of othir thynges necessarie: + Cest a sauoyr des besongnes + That is to saye of thinges + Que on vse aual le maison, + That ben vsed after the hous, + De quoy on ne peult synon. + Of whiche me may not be withoute. 20 + De la maison premiers diray, + Of the hous first I shall saye, + En auenture, se besoing est. + On auenture, if it be to doo. + +La maison bien ordonne + +The hous well ordeyned + Doybt estre bien fenestree + Ought to be well wyndowed 24 + De pluiseurs fenestres + Of diverse wyndowes + Par quoy il ait grand clarte. + By which it haue grete light. + Il y affiert aux chambres + Hit behoueth to the chambres + Solliers, greniers. + Loftes and garettis. 28 + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. III.]] + +[Sidenote: P. 6.] + + ++QVi vin veult maintenier + ++WHo wyne wyll mayntene + Conuient auoir chielliers + Behoueth to haue selers + Et vne basse chambre + And a lowe chambre + Pour prendre aisement. + For to take his easement. 32 + +Ores vous conuient avoir lits; + +Now must ye haue beddes; + Lyts des plummes; + Beddes of fetheris; + Pour les poures suz gesir, + For the poure to lye on, + Lyts de bourre; + Beddes of flockes; 36 + Sarges, tapites, + Sarges, tapytes, + Kieultes poyntes + Quiltes paynted + Pour les lits couurir; + For the beddes to couere; + Couuertoyrs ainsi; + Couerlettes also; 40 + +[[7]] +[Headnote: BED-FURNITURE, POTS AND PANS, CANS AND BOTTLES.] + + Bankers qui sont beaulx; + Bankers that ben fayr; + Dessoubs le lite vng calys; + Under the bedde a chalon; + Estrain dedens; + Strawe therin; + Bancs, chaiers, + Benches, chayers, 4 + Lesons, selles; + Lystes, stoles; + Pots de keuure, chaudrens, + Pottes of coppre, kawdrons, + Chaudiers, paiels, + Ketellis, pannes, + Bachins, lauoirs, + Basyns, lauours, 8 + Pots de terre, + Pottes of erthe, + Cannes de terre + Cannes of erthe + Pour aller al eawe; + For to go to the watre; + Ces choses trouueres vous + Thise thinges shall ye fynde 12 + En le potterye. + In the potterye. + +Se vous aues de quoy, + +Yf ye haue wherof, + Faittes que vous ayes + Doo that ye haue + Ouurages destain, + Werkes of tynne, 16 + Pots destain[1] et cannes, + Pottes of tynne and cannes, + Cannes de deux lots, + Cannes of two stope, + Cannes dun sestier, + Cannes of a sextier, + + [Footnote 1: de stain] + + Lotz et demy lotz, + Stopes and half stopes, 20 + Pintes et demy pintes. + Pintes and half pintes. + Ung lot est appelle + A stope is called + Eu aucun lieu[2] vng quart. + In somme place a quarte. + + [Footnote 2: ancun lien] + + Ce sont les mesures + Thise ben the mesures 24 + Que je[3] scay nommer: + That I can name: + + [Footnote 3: ye] + + Mais les bouteilles + But the botellis + Destain, de boz, de cuir, + Of tyn, of wode, of lether, + Treuue on de toutes manieres. + Men fynd of all maneris. 28 + +Or vous conuient auoir + +Now must ye haue + Platteaux destain, + Platers of tyn, + +[Sidenote: P. 7.] + + Escuyelles, sausserons, + Disshes, saussers, + Sallieres, trenchores; + Sallyers, trenchours; 32 + Ces choses trouueres + Thise thinges shall ye fynde + De boz et de terre. + Of tree and of erthe. + Couuercles de keuuer, + Couercles of coppre, + De terre, et de fer, + Of erthe, and of yron, 36 + Or apres vng esculier, + Now after a disshe fat, + La on met dedens + Where me leyeth therin + Les deuantdittes choses. + The forsaid thinges. + +Les louches de boz, + +And the spones of tree, 40 + +[[8]] +[Headnote: FURNITURE, UTENSILS, PLATE AND CLOTHING.] + + Les louches dargent, + The spones of siluer, + Metton la on veult, + That dooe[2] men where they wylle, + En plus seure garde. + In most sure kepyng. + + [Footnote 2: dooo] + + +Le louche de pot entour le feu; + +The ladle of the pot about the fyre; 4 + Trepiet pour asseoir sus; + Treuet for to sette it on; + Sur laistre appertient + Vpon the herthe belongeth + Laigne ou tourbes, + Woode or turues, + Deux brandeurs de fer, + Two andyrons[3] of yron, 8 + Ung estenelle, ung greyl. + A tonge, a gredyron. + + [Footnote 3: andyrous] + + +Ung grauwet, + +A flessh hoke, + Coutieaulx pour taillier + Knyues for to cutte + Ce quon vouldra, + That what me shall wylle, 12 + Ung couttel de poree + A choppyng knyf + Pour taillier la poree. + for to choppe wortes. + +Hanaps dargent, + +Cuppes of silver, + Hanaps dorees, + Cuppes gylte, 16 + Coupes door, + Couppes of goold, + Hanaps a pies; + Cuppes with feet; + Ces choses mettes + Thise things set ye + En vostre huche ou escrijn; + In your whutche or cheste; 20 + Vos joyaulx en vostre forchier + Your jewellis in your forcier + Que on ne les emble. + That they be not stolen. + +Plente des linchieux, + +Plente of shetes, + Nappes, touwailles. + Bordclothes, towellis. 24 + Pour faire a nous aulx + For to make to us garlyk + Et saulses parmi le stamine, + And sauses thorugh the strayner, + Vous conuient[1] auoir + Ye muste haue + Ung mortier, ung pestiel. + A morter, a pestyll. 28 + + [Footnote 1: connient] + + +A la perche pendent vos vestures, + +On the perche hongen your clothes, + Manteaulx, scurcorps, + Mantellis, frockes, + Heuques, clocques, + Heukes, clokes, + Cottes, pourpoints, + Cotes, doblettes, 32 + +[Sidenote: P. 8.] + + Vestures, fourrures, + Clothes, furres, + Vestures diuer et deste; + Wynter clothes and of somer; + Les oreilliers sur le lite; + The pelowes on the bedde; + Sur le queuerchief + Upon the keuerchief 36 + Chemises, brayes, + Chertes, briches, + A tout le braieul. + With the pauntcher[4]. + + [Footnote 4: panutcher] + + +Quand vous estes desvestues + +Whan ye be vnclothed + On treuue fourrures + Me fyndeth furres 40 + +[[9]] +[Headnote: FURS, WHITE MEATS, WIFE, PARENTS AND CHILDREN.] + + Descurieus[1], daigneaulx, + Of beuers and of lombes, + Plichons de lieures et de conins. + Pylches of hares and of conyes. + + [Footnote 1: Descuriens] + + +Mettes en le tresoier + +Sette into the cupbort + Vostre pain, vostre fourmage, + Your brede, your chese, 4 + Vostre bure, vostre viande, + Your butter, your mete, + Et aultres companages, + And othir white mete, + Le relief de la table. + The leuynge of the table. + Faictes quil y aist du seel + Doo that ther be salte 8 + Et des voires. + And glases. + Cy fine le tierce chapitle. + Here endeth the thirde chapitre. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. IV.]] + + ++OR entendes, petys & grands, + ++Now understande, litell and grete, + Je vous dirai maintenant + I shall saye you right forth 12 + Dune aultre matere + Of an othir matere + La quele ie comence. + The whiche I wyll begynne. + +Se vous estes maries, + +Yf ye be maried, + Et vous aues femme, + And ye haue a wyfe, 16 + Et vous ayes marye, + And ye haue a husbonde, + +Se vous maintenes paisiblement, + +So mayntene you pesibly, + Que vous voisins ne disent + That your neyghbours saye not + De vous fors que bien: + Of you othirwyse than well: 20 + Ce seroit virgoingne. + Hit shold be shame. + +Se vous aues pere & mere, + +If ye haue fader and moder + Si les honnoures tousiours; + So worshippe them alleway; + Faictes leur honneur; + Doo to hem worshipp; 24 + Deportes les; + Forbere them; + Car selon le commandement + For after the commaundement + Et conseil de cathon, + And the counseill of cathon, + Les doibt en honnourer; + Men ought to worshippe them; 28 + Car il dist en son liure: + For he saith in his booke: + "Honnoure pere & mere." + "Worshippe fader and moder." + +Se vous aues enfans, + +Yf ye haue children, + Si les chastoyes de la verge, + So chastyse them with the rodde, 32 + Et les instrues + And enforme them + De bonnes meurs + With good maners + Le temps quilz soient jofnes; + the tyme that they be yong; + +[Sidenote: P. 9.] + + Les envoyes a lescole + Sende them to the scole 36 + Aprendre lire et escripre, + To lerne rede and to write, + quilz ne resambloient bestes. + That they resemble not bestis. + +Soyes debonnair + +Be ye buxom + Enuers touttes gens-- + Vnto alle folke-- 40 + +[[10]] +[Headnote: MARGARET IS SENT TO THE BUTCHER'S AND POULTERER'S.] + + Enuers vous seruans: + Vnto your seruaunts: + Penses quilz soyent + Thynke that they be + Aussi bons co{m}me vous; + As good as ye; + Ne le despites point. + Despyse them not. 4 + +Comandes eux v{ost}re volente + +Commaunde them your wyll + En tele maniere: + In suche manere: + "Margote, prengne de largent, + "Margret, take of the siluer, + Va a la boucherye, + Goo to the flesshshamels, 8 + Sy achates de lechar." + Bye ther of the flessh." + Celle respondera: + She shall ansuer agayn: + "Quelles chars voules vous? + "What flesshe wyll ye? + Voules vous chars de porc + Wylle ye flessh of porke 12 + A le verde saulsse? + With the grene sauce? + Char du buef salle + Flessh of bueff salted + Serra bonne a la moustard; + Shall be good with the mustard; + La Fresshe aux aulx. + The fressh with gharlyk. 16 + Se mieulx ames + Yf ye better loue + Char de mouton[1] ou daigniel, + Flessh of moton or of lambe, + + [Footnote 1: monton] + + De genise ou de viel, + Of an hawgher or of a calfe, + soit rosty ou au browet, + Is it rosted, orels with browet, 20 + Je lachateray voulentiers." + I shall bye it with good wyll." + "Nennil[2], mais achatte + "Nay, but bye + Char de bachon ou de chieuerel; + Flessh of bacon or of a gheet; + + [Footnote 2: Nenuil] + + Si nous bargaigne + So chepe for vs 24 + De la venyson, + Of the venyson, + Soyt de porc sengler, + Be it of wylde boor, + Soyt de serf ou de bisse; + Be it of herte, of hyndecalf; + Sy latourne au noir poiure + Dyght it with broun pepre 28 + Quand tu larras achatte. + Whan thou shalt haue bought it. + +Va en la poillaillerie, + +Goo into the pultrie, + Achatte de poulletis, + Bye poullettis, + Une poulle & deux pouchins, + One poullet & two chekens, 32 + Mais nulle chappon + But no capon + Ne nul coc napportes, + Ne no cocke bringe not, + Ne plouuier, + Ne plouier, + Wydecos, roussignoulz, + Wodecoks, nyghtyngalis, 36 + +[Sidenote: P. 10.] + + Maussons, masanges, + Sparowes, meesen, + Auwes, annettes, + Ghees, doukes, + Coulons, piuions, + Dowues, pygeons, + Boutoirs, tourterolles, + Butores, turtellis, 40 + +[[11]] +[Headnote: BIRDS; BEASTS BAD TO EAT, AND NOT EATEN; FISHES.] + + Limoges, pertris, + Heth hennes, partrichs, + Alouwes, paons, + Larkes, pecoks, + Chuynes, cignes, + Storkes, swannes, + Vieses gelines:-- + Olde hennes:-- 4 + + + ++IE suis malade, + ++I am seeke, + Tel char me greueroit; + Suche flessh shold greue me; + Je ne le poroye digerer." + I shall not mowe dygeste it." + "Sire, vous men aues + "Syre, ye haue to me 8 + Biaucop plus nommes + Many mo named + Que ien cuide achatter. + Than I wende to bye. + Vous estes si tenres, + Ye be so tendre, + +Vous pourries maisement + +Ye may euyll 12 + Menger char de cheuaulx, + Ete flessh of horses, + De tors, de muletz, + Of bulles, of mules, + De poutrains, de iuments." + Of coltes, of mares." + +Encores sont aultres bestes + +Yet ben ther othir bestes 16 + Dont on na cure de mengier: + Wherof men recche not to ete: + Loups, reynards, fouines, + Wulues, foxes, fichews, + Olifans, lupars, catz, + Olifa{u}nts, lupardis, cattes, + Singes, asnes, chiens. + Apes, asses, houndes. 20 + Ourse mengue on bien; + A bere, men ete well; + Si faitton chieures. + So doo men ghotes. + +On ne mengue point + +Men ete not + Aigles, griffons, + Eygles, griffons, 24 + Espreuiers, faucons, + Sperhawkes, faucons, + Oistoirs, escouffles. + Haukes, kytes. + Des bestes venimeuses:-- + Of bestes venemous:-- + Serpens, lasartz, scorpions, + Serpentes, lizarts, scorpions, 28 + Mouches, veers; + Flies, wormes; + Qui de ces veers sera morse + Who of thise wormes shall be byten + Il luy fauldra triacle; + He must have triacle; + Se ce non, il en moroit. + Yf not that, he shall deye. 32 + Or apres ores des poissons. + Now herafter shall ye here of fissh. + + + ++DEs poissons poez oyer + ++OF the fisshes may ye here + Les noms daulcuns, + The names of somme, + Non mie de trestouts, + Not of alle, 36 + Car je ne les sca{ur}oye + For I ne wote not + Comment tres tous cognoistre[1]; + How alle to knowe; + + [Footnote 1: coguoistre] + +[Sidenote: P. 11.] + + Ainsi ne font les maronners. + Also ne doo not the maroners. + Premiers des poissons de mer: + First of fisshes of the see: 40 + +[[12]] +[Headnote: NAMES OF SEA AND RIVER-FISH, AND OF WHITE MEATS.] + + +De la mer vous viennent + +Fro the see to you come + Balainnes, porc de mer, + Whales, pourpays, + Cabellau, plays, esclefins, + Coddelyng, plays, haddoks, + Sugles, rayes, + Sooles, thornbaks, 4 + Merlens, esparlens, rouges, + Whityng, sprotte, rogettis, + Maqueriaulx, mulets, + Makerell, molettis, + Bresmes, aloses, esturgeon, + Bremes, alouses, sturgeon, + Frescz herencs, congres, + Fressh hering, congres, 8 + Herencs sorees. + Reed heeryng. + +Daultre poissons + +Of othir fisshes + De riuieres, mengies: + Of the river, ete: + Carpres, anguilles, + Carpes, eelis, 12 + Lu[c]es, becques, becquets, + Luses, pikes, pikerellis, + Tenques, perques, + Tenches, perches, + Roches, creuiches, + Roches, creuyches, + Loques, gouuions, + Loches, gogeorns, 16 + Saulmon de pluiseurs maniers, + Samon of diuerse maners, + Saulmon de la meuse, + Samon of the mase, + Saulmon de scoche, + Samon of scotland, + Garnars, oysters, moules. + Shrimpes, oystres, muskles. 20 + Qui plus en scet plus, en no{m}me; + Who knoweth more, name he more; + Car ie ne scay de plus parler. + For I ne knowe no more to speke. + + + ++OR nommons les compenages + ++NOw name we the white mete + Et ce quon en fait. + And that wherof is made. 24 + Premierment laict et bure, + First mylke and butter, + Fromages dengletere, + Chese of englond, + Fromages de champayne, + Chese of champayne, + De brye, de berghes, + Of brye, of berowe, 28 + De vaches, de brebys, + Of kien, of sheep, + Fromages de chieueres; + Chese of gheet; + Oefs de gelynes, dauwe, + Egges of hennes, of ghees, + Oefs dannettes. + Egges of dokes. 32 + De laict et doefs + Of mylke and of egges + Faitton flans; + Men make flawnes; + De laict[1] bouly a le flour + Of mylke soden with the flour + Faitton rastons, + Men make printed cakes, 36 + + [Footnote 1: laicts] + + Et de chars pastees; + And of flessh pasteyes; + De craisme faitton bure; + Of kreme make me butter; + De laict de brebis + Of the mylke of sheep + Faitton gaufres; + Make men wafres; 40 + +[[13]] +[Headnote: NAMES OF FRUITS, TREES, HERBS, AND POT-HERBS.] + +[Sidenote: P. 12.] + + Wasteletz, rastons, + Wastles, eyrekakis, + Furent oublies. + Were forgeten. + + + ++DE fruit ores no{m}mer + ++OF fruit shall ye here named + Poires, pommes, prounes, + Peres, apples, plommes, 4 + Cherises, fourd[r]ines, + Cheryes, sloes, + Moures, freses, noix, + Morberies, strawberies, notes, + Pesques, nesples, + Pesshes, medliers, + Figes, roisin, + Fyggis, reysins, 8 + Amandes, dades. + Almandes, dates. + + + ++LEs noms des arbres: + ++THe names of trees: + Porrier, pommier, cherisier, + Pere tree, apple tree, cherye tree, + Pesquier, figier, mourier, + Pesshe tree, fygtree, morbery tree, 12 + Nesplier, prounier[1], chesne, + Medliertree, plomtree, ooke, + Fresne, gaucquier, Oliuier + Asshe, nokertree, olyuetree, + Saulx, espinier, palmier. + Wylough, thorne, palmetree. + + [Footnote 1: pronnier] + + +Desoubz ces arbres + +Vnder thise trees 16 + Sont herbes souef[2] flairans. + Ben herbes suete smellyng. + + [Footnote 2: sonef] + + Il ya roses vermeilles, blances, + There ben roses reed, white, + Mente, confite, et graine, + Mynte, confyte, and grayne, + Fleurdelyts, ouppe, + Lelyes, hoppes, 20 + Et hayes es prets. + And hedges in medowes. + +Es boys sont[3] les verdures, + +In wodes ben the verdures, + Grouseillers, grouselles, + Brembles, bremble beries, + Les treuue on souuent + Ther is founden ofte 24 + En gardins sur les mottes. + In gardyns on the mottes. + + [Footnote 3: sout] + + +Ens es preets est herbes + +Within the medewis is the grasse + Dont[4] on fait faing; + Wherof men make heye; + + [Footnote 4: Dout] + + Sy a des cardons et ortyes; + So ben ther thistles and nettles; 28 + +Encore sont en les gardins + +Yet ben in the gardynes + Rouges coulles et blanches, + Rede cool and white, + Porions, oignons[5], + Porreette, oynyons, + + [Footnote 5: oiguons] + + Betes, cherfeul, persin, + Betes, cheruyll, persely, 32 + Saulge, ysope, tymon, + Sauge, ysope, tyme, + Laittues, pourcelaine, + Letews, porselane, + Querson, gelouffre, + Kersses, geloffres, + Naueaulx[6], aulx, feneulle, + Rapes, gharlyk, fenell, 36 + Espinces, borages. + Spynache, borage. + + [Footnote 6: Naneaulx] + + + ++CE sont les pottages: + ++THise ben the potages: + Poys, feues; + Pesen, benes; 40 + Garnee quon fait de bled, + Furmente whiche is made of whete, + +[[14]] +[Headnote: COMMON DRINKS.--MARCHANDISE OF CLOTHS.] + + Chaudel pour les malades, + Caudell for the seke, + Gruwell et porrees. + Growell and wortes. + + +[Sidenote: P. 13.] + + ++CE so{u}nt les buuraiges: + ++THise ben the drynkes: + Vin de rin et dausay[1], + Rynyssh wyn and of elzeter, 4 + + [Footnote 1: dansay] + + Vin de beane et de germole, + Wyn of beane and of germole, + Vin fransoys et de spayne, + Frenssh wyn and of spayne, + Muskadel & bastard, + Muscadel and bastard, + Vin dosoye et de garnate, + Wyn of oseye and of garnade, 8 + Vin de gascoyne, + Wyn of gascoyne, + Maluesye, romenye, + Malueseye, romeneye, + Vin cuit, vin gregois; + Wyn soden, wyn greek; + Ypocras & clarey sont fait + Ypocras and clarey ben made 12 + De vin & bonnes espices; + Of wyn and good spices; + Blanc vin, vin vermeil, + White wyn, rede wyn, + + [Footnote: (Cx. mermeil)] + + Miel, mies, + Hony, mede, + Seruoise dangletere, + Ale of englond, 16 + Seruoise dalemayne; + Byre of alemayne; + Sydre est fait de pommes; + Syther is made of apples; + Boulie est faitte + Boulye is made + Diauwe & de leuain, + Of water and of leuayn, 20 + Et de tercheul. + And of wurte. + Fontaine boit on bien. + Welle watre drynke me well, + Liauwe boiuent les bestes; + Watre drynke the bestes; + Si bue[2] on les toilles. + So wesshe me with all lynnenclothis. 24 + + [Footnote 2: buc] + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. V.]] + + ++DAultres choses sa{u}ns attendre, + ++OF othir thinge withoute taryeng, + Endementiers quil me souuient, + Whiles that I remembre, + Vous veul deuiser et aprendre. + I wyll to you deuise and teche. + Se vous voules bergaignier + Yf ye wyll bergayne 28 + Draps ou aultres marchandisses, + Wullen cloth or othir marchandise, + Sy alles a le halle + So goo to the halle + Qui est ou marchiet; + Whiche is in the market; + Sy montes les degretz; + So goo vpon the steyres; 32 + La trouueres les draps: + There shall ye fynde the clothes: + Draps mesles, + Clothes medleyed, + Rouge drap ou vert, + Red cloth or grene, + Bleu asuret, + Blyew y-asured, 36 + Gaune, vermeil, + Yelow, reed, + Entrepers, moret, + Sad blew, morreey, + Royet, esquiekeliet, + Raye, chekeryd, + Saye blanche & bleu, + Saye white and blew, 40 + +[[15]] +[Headnote: HOW TO BUY CLOTH. HE TRIES TO BEAT HER DOWN.] + + Escarlate en grain. + Scarlet in grayne. + + + ++SY poes commencer + ++SO may ye begynne + Par tele salutation + By suche gretyng + Co{m}me il est en primier chapitle. + As it is in the first chapitre. 4 + +[Sidenote: P. 14.] + + "Dame, que faittes vous laulne + "Dame, what hold ye the elle + De ces draps, + Of this cloth? + Ou que vault le drap entier? + Or what is worth the cloth hole? + Embrief parler, combien laulne?" + In shorte to speke, how moche thelle?" 8 + "Sire, rayson; + "Syre, resone; + Ie vous en feray rayson; + I shall doo to you resone; + Vous layres au bon marchie." + Ye shall haue it good cheep." + "Voir, pour cattel, + "Ye, truly, for catell, 12 + Dame, il conuient[1] gaignier. + Dame, me must wynne. + + [Footnote 1: coniuent] + + Gardes que ien paiera." + Take hede what I shall paye." + "Quatre soulz de laulne, + "Four shelynges for the elle, + Sil vous plaist." + Yf it you plese you." 16 + "Ce ne seroit mie sens. + "Hit ne were no wysedom. + Pour tant vouldroie je auoir + For so moche wold I haue + Bonne[2] escarlate!" + Good scarlete!" + + [Footnote 2: Bonue] + + "Vous aues droit, + "Ye haue right 20 + Se vous puisses. + Yf ye maye. + Mais iay encore tel + But I haue yet somme + Qui nest mie du meillour, + Whiche is not of the beste, + Que ie ne donroye point + Whiche I wold not yeue 24 + Pour sept souldz." + For seuen shelynges." + "Je vous en croys bien; + "I you bileue well; + Mais ce nest mye drap + But this is no suche cloth + De tant dargent, + Of so moche money, 28 + Ce scaues vous bien! + That knowe ye well! + Ce que vous en laires + This that ye shall leue + Le sera[3] vendre." + Shall be solde." + + [Footnote 3: See the Notes.] + + "Sire, que vault il?" + "Syre, what is it worth?" 32 + "Dame, il me vauldroit + "Dame, it were worth to me + Bien trois souls." + Well thre shellyngs." + "Cest mal offert, + "That is euyll boden, + Ou trop demande; + Or to moche axed; 36 + Encores ameroie mieulx + Yet had I leuer + Quil fust dor in vostre escrin." + That it were gold in your cheste." + "Damoyselle, vous ne perderes + "Damoyselle, ye shold not lese theron + Ja croix; + Neuer a crosse; 40 + +[[16]] +[Headnote: HOW TO BUY CLOTH. THE METER NOT CALLED FOR.] + + Mais dittes acertes + But saye certainly + Comment je lauray + How shall I haue it + Sa{u}ns riens laissier." + Withoute thyng to leue." + "Je le vous donray a vng mot: + "I shall gyue it you at one worde: 4 + Certes, se vous le aues, + Certaynly, if ye haue it, + Vous en paieres chinq souls + Ye shall paye fyue shellyngs + +[Sidenote: P. 15.] + + De tant daulnes + For so many elles + Que vous en prenderes; + Whiche ye shall take; 8 + Car ie nen[1] lairay riens[2]." + For I wyll abate no thyng." + + [Footnote 1: neu] + + [Footnote 2: rieus] + + "Dame, que vaudroit dont + "Dame, what shall auaylle thenne + Longues parolles? + Longe wordes? + Tailles pour moy une pair de robes." + Cutte for me a pair of gounes." 12 + "Combien en tailleray ie?" + "How moche shall I cutte?" + "Tant que vous quidies + "Also moche as ye wene + Que mestier mest + As me shall nede + Pour vng sourcote, + For a surcote, 16 + Pour vng cotte, + For a cote, + Pour vne heucque, + For an hewke, + Pour vne paire de chausses." + For a pair hosen." + "Sire, il vous en fauldra[3] + "Sir, it you behoueth 20 + Bien quinse aulnes." + Well fiften elles." + + [Footnote 3: enfauldra] + + "De par dieu, tailles les. + "In goddes name, cutte them. + De quelle largesse est il?" + Of what brede is it?" + "De deulx aulnes et demye." + "Of two ellis and an half." 24 + "Cest bonne largesse. + "That is good brede. + Tailles a lautre deboute." + Cutte at that othir ende." + "Cest tout ung, par mon alme! + "Hit is all one, by my soule! + Mais ie le feroy volentiers." + But I shall doo it gladly." 28 + "Dame, messures bien." + "Dame, mete well." + "Sire, ie ne men confesseray ia + "Sire, I shall never shriue me therof + De ce que ie vous detenray." + Of that I shall with-holde yow." + "Dame, ce scay ie bien; + "Dame, that knowe I well; 32 + Si ie ne vous creusse + If I had not trusted you + Ieuis appelle le messureur." + I had called the metar." + "Sire, sil vous plaist, + "Sire, yf it plese you, + On lappellera." + He shall be called." 36 + "Nennil[4] voir, dame, + "Nay truly, dame, + Ie me tieng bien + I holde me well + Content de vous; + Content with you; + + [Footnote 4: Nenuil] + + Car il me semble + For me semeth 40 + +[[17]] +[Headnote: PAYING THE BILL.--ENGLISH GROATS, FLEMISH COINS, ETC.] + + Que vous maues[1] bien fait. + That ye haue to me well done. + + [Footnote 1: manes] + + Ployes le de par dieu." + Folde it up in goddes name." + "Non[2] feray, sauue le vostre grace; + "I shall not, sauf your grace; + Je veul que vous messures." + I wyll that ye mete it." 4 + + [Footnote 2: Nou] + + "Dame, puis que ie me tieng + "Dame, syth that I me holde + Plainement content, + Playnly content, + Et puis que bien me souffist, + And sith it well me suffyseth, + Il nest besoin de le remesurer. + It is no nede to mete it agayn. 8 + +[Sidenote: P. 16.] + + Tien, valton, si le porte, + Holde thou, boye, and bere it; + Tu auras vng mayll. + Thou shalt haue an halfpeny. + Or, dame, combien monte + Now, dame, how moche cometh it to, + Ce que iay de vous?" + This that I haue of you?" 12 + "Sire, se vous me baillies + "Syre, yf ye gyue to me + Disenoof souls, + xix shellyngs, + Vous me paieries bien; + Ye shall paye me well; + Tant me debues vous." + So moche ye owe me." 16 + "Damoyselle, tenez, comptez." + "Damoyselle, holde, telle." + "Quelle monnoye + "What moneye + Me donnez vous?" + Gyue ye to me?" + "Bonne monnoye; + "Good moneye; 20 + Ce sont gros dangletere; + Thise ben grotes of englond; + Tels y a[3] de flaundres; + Suche ther be of flaundres; + + [Footnote 3: ya] + + Patards et demi patards; + Plackes and half plackes; + Les vieulx gros dangletere + The olde grotes of englond 24 + Qui valent chincque deniers; + Which be worth v pens; + Les noueaulx valent iiij. deniers; + The newe be worth foure pens; + Vous le debues bien scavoir, + Ye ought well to knowe, + Qui tant dargent recepues." + That so moche moneye receyue[6]." 28 + + [Footnote 6: receyne] + + "Vous dittes voir, sire." + "Ye saye trouthe, sire." + "Mais vous ameries mieulx + "But ye had leuer + Florins[4] du rin, + Rynysh guldrens, + + [Footnote 4: Florius] + + Escutz du roy, + Scutes of the kyng, 32 + Royaulx nobles dangletere, + Ryallis nobles of englond, + Salutz door lyons, + Salews of gold lyons, + Viez estrelins deniers." + Olde sterlingis pens." + "Cest tout bonne monneye; + "This is all good moneye; 36 + Mais que ie le puisse doner?" + Ye, and I may gyue it oute?" + "Oyl, vous lez donerez[5] bien + "Yes, ye shall gyue it oute well + Dedains la ville + Within the toune + Et par tout le pays, + And all aboute the contre, 40 + + [Footnote 5: alonerez] + +[[18]] +[Headnote: THE SELLER PLEASED. CLOTH OF MANY TOWNS.] + + En touttes denrees, + In all peny worthes, + En touttes marchandyses." + In all marchandyses." + "Biau sire, ie me loe de vous; + "Fair sire, I am well plesyd with you; + Si que sil vous falloit + Were it so that ye failled 4 + Aulcune denree + Ony ware + Dont ie me mesle, + Of whiche I medle with, + Ou que jay entremayns, + Or that I haue under hande, + Vous le pourries emporter + Ye may bere it a-waye 8 + Sans[1] maille sans[2] denier; + Withoute halpeny or peny; + Sy bien maues paiet." + So well haue ye me payd." + + [Footnote 1: Saus] + + [Footnote 2: saus] + +[Sidenote: P. 17.] + + "Tres grand merchis! + "Right grete gramercy! + Sachies que mon argent + Wyte ye that[4] my siluer 12 + Vous aries deuant[3] ung aultre. + Ye shall haue tofore an othir. + + [Footnote 4: that that] + + [Footnote 3: denant] + + Ce seroit droit + Hit were right + Pour vostre debonairete, + For your goodlynes, + Pour la courtoysie + For the courtosye 16 + Qui est en vous." + That is in you." + "Ce nest mye + "It ne[5] is not + Le derrain argent + The last siluer + Que vous ares de moy, + That ye shal haue of me, 20 + Comment ce que soit le premier. + How be it that this is the first. + + [Footnote 5: en] + + + ++CAr il men fault ale fois, + ++FOr me behoueth othir while, + Et as mes compaignons, + And to my felaws, + Draps de maintes manires, + Clothes of many maneris, 24 + De pluiseurs villes, + Of many tounes, + De loundres, de euerwik, + Of london, of yorke, + De bristow, de bathon, + Of bristow, of bathe, + De paris, de roaen, + Of parys, of roen, 28 + De bruges, de gaund, + Of brugges, of gaunt, + De ypres, de tournay, + Of ypre, of dornyk, + De lylle, de dixmude, + Of ryselle, of dixmuthe, + De menin, de comines, + Of menyn, of comynes, 32 + De bailloil, de poperinghes, + Of belle, of poperyng, + De denremond, daloste, + Of dendremonde, of aloste, + De saincte omer, de valenciene, + Of saint omers, of valensynes, + Des brouxellis, de malins, + Of brussels, of mechelyne, 36 + De louuain, danuers. + Of louayn, of andwerp. + + + ++AInsi ie pense a aller, + ++ALso I thinke to goo, + Sil plaist a dieu, + Yf it plaise to god, + A le feste de bruges, + To the feste of bruges, 40 + +[[19]] +[Headnote: NAMES OF FAIRS, WOOL, HIDES, SKINS, SPICES.] + + A le feste danuers, + To the marte of andwarp, + A le feste[1] de berghes, + To the marte of berow, + + [Footnote 1: festes] + + A le feste de sterebrige, + To the faire of sterbrigge, + A le feste de salesburye, + To the faire of salesbury, 4 + A le feste de seynct bertilmeu + To seint bartilmews faire + Que serra a loundres, + Whiche shall be at london, + A le dedicacion de challons, + To the chirchehalyday of chalons, + A le foire de cambrige, + To the faire of cambrigge, 8 + A le procession de Westmonaistre, + To the procession of Westmestre, + A le procession general. + To the procession general. + + + ++SI achatteray des laines." + ++ANd I shall bye wulle." + "Coment donnes vous le poise? + "How gyue ye the waye? 12 + +[Sidenote: P. 18.] + + Que voules vous auoir du clau? + What wyll ye haue of the nayll? + Que donrai ie de la pierre? + What shall I gyue for the stone? + Que vault la liure + What is worth the pound + De cest laine daygneaulx?" + Of this wulle of lambes?" 16 + Vous responderes + Ye shall ansuere + Ainsi que est escript ailleurs. + Also as it is wreton els where. + + + ++ENcore ne lairoi ie mie + ++YEt shall I not leue it + Que ie ne achatte + That I ne bye 20 + Peaulx de vaches, + Hydes of kyen, + De quoy on fait cuyr. + Wherof men make lether. + De peaulx de chieures ou de bouk + Of fellis of gheet or of the bukke + Faitton bon cordewan; + Make men good cordewan; 24 + De peaulx de brebis + Of shepes fellis + Peult estre fait le basenne; + May be made the basenne; + Si en faitton parcemin + So make men also perchemyn + En quoy on escript. + In whiche men write. 28 + Or aues oyet + Now haue ye herd + Des draps, des laines, + Of clothes, of wulle, + Des peaulx, et des cuyrs + Of fellis, and of lether, + Tout en ung chapitle. + Alle in one chapitre. 32 + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. VI.]] + + ++POur ce que ie ne suy + ++FOr that I am not + Especier ne apoticaire, + Spycier ne apotecarie + Ne scay mie nommer + I can not name + Touttes manieres despeces; + All maneres of spyces; 36 + Mais ien nomerai vne partie: + But I shall name a partie: + Gingembre, galigan, + Gynger, galingale, + Cubelles, saffran, + Cubibes, saffran, + Poiure, commin, + Pepre, comyne, 40 + +[[20]] +[Headnote: NAMES OF POWDERS, OILS, WAX, WRITING-TABLES, ETC.] + + Chucre blanc & brun, + Sugre white and broun, + Fleur de cammelle, + Flour of cammelle, + Anijs, graine de paradis; + Anyse, graynes of paradys; + De ces choses faitton confections + Of thise thinges be made confections 4 + Et bonnes pou[d]res, + And good poudres, + De quoy on fait + Wherof is made + Bonnes sausses + Good sausses + Et electuaires de medicine. + And electuaries for medicines. 8 + + + ++OR dirons nous des oyles. + ++NOw shall we saye of the oyles. + Oyle doliue & de semaile, + Oyle of olyue and of feldeseed, + Oyle doliette & de nauette, + Oyle of mecop and of rapeseed, + Oyle de lingnuyse, + Oyle of lynseed, 12 + Oyle de chenneue; + Oyle of hempseed; + Sy faitton moustarde. + And men make mustard. + + +[Sidenote: P. 19.] + + ++IE achatteray choses + ++I Shall bye thinges + Dont on fait pointures: + Wherof ben made paintures: 16 + Asur et vert de spaigne + Asure and grene of spayne, + Vermeyllon, brezil, + Vermeyllon, brasyll, + Vernis, orpiement. + Vernysshe, orpement. + + + ++ENcore ie veul emploier + ++YEt I wyll bystowe 20 + Ung somme dargent en sel, + A somme of siluer in salte, + En poit, en harpoit, + In pycche, in rosyn, + En verde chire, + In grene waxe, + En rouge et gaune chire, + In rede & yelow waxe, 24 + En noir chire, + In black waxe, + De quoy on emplist + Wherof be fyllyd + Les tables + The tables + En quoy on aprend + In which men teche 28 + Les enfans escripre; + The children to write; + Et du sieu, + And of siewet, + Saing du porc + The fatte of a swyne + Pour faire pottages; + For to make potages; 32 + Saing de herencs; + Sayme of hereng; + On en oint les sorles. + Men enoynte therwyth shoes. + + + ++SE je treuue del alun, + ++IF I fynde alume, + Jen achatteray par balles, + I shall bye by bales, 36 + Car il appertient en la taincture; + For it belongeth in the dyerye; + Guades et guarance. + Wood and mader. + Mais comment que ie + But how that I + Moy entremelle + Me entremete 40 + +[[21]] +[Headnote: MEASURES, WEIGHTS, METALS AND OTHER WARES.] + + A faire ce liure, + To make this book, + Et ie sache une partie + And I know a partie + Coment on no{m}me les choses; + How men name the thinges; + Pour ce ie ne scay mie + Therfor I ne wote not 4 + Comment ne pour combien + How ne for how moche + Que on vent les biens, + That men selle the goodes, + Par mesure ou par poix, + By mesure or by weyght, + Par quarters ou par sestiers, + By quarters or by sextiers, 8 + Par liures ou par demy liures, + By poundes or by half poundes, + Ou par onches, + Or by vnces, + Par ballances ou par to{n}niaulx, + By balances or by barellis, + Par vassiaulx ou par balles, + By vessellis or by bales, 12 + Par sacs ou par quierques. + By sackes or by lastes. + Si que chil + So that he + Que scauoir le veult + That wyll knowe it + Il le pourra demander + He may axe it 16 + +[Sidenote: P. 20.] + + Aux marchans + At the marchans + Qui bien le sceuent. + Whiche well knowe it. + + + ++ENcore ie nay mye + ++YEt I haue not + Nomme les metaulx + named the metals 20 + Qui sensieuent[1]: + Whiche folowe: + + [Footnote 1: seusiuent] + + Fer, achier, plomb, estain, + Yron, steell, leed, tynne, + Keuure & arain, + Coppre and bras, + Or, argent, choses dorees, + Gold, siluer, thinges gylt, 24 + Choses dargentees, + Thinges siluerid, + Coroyes a claux dargent, + Gyrdellis with nayles of siluer, + Sainture de soye + Corse of silke + A boucle dargent, + With bocle of siluer, 28 + Boursses ouuries a leguille. + Purses wrought with the nedle. + + + ++CHe sont marchandises: + ++THise ben marchandises: + Eguilles, espengles, + Nedles, pynnes, + Aloyeres, tasses, + Pawteners, tasses, 32 + Coffyns & escriptoires, + Coffyns and penners, + Alesnes, graffes, + Alles, poyntels, + Cornets[2] a encre, + Enke hornes, + Coutiaulx[3], forches, + Knyues, sheres, 36 + + [Footnote 2: Coruets] + + [Footnote 3: Contiaulx] + + Huuettes de soye, + Huues of silke, + Coyfes dhommes, + Coyfes for men, + Pendoyrs de soye, + Pendants of silke, + Lachets, lannieres, + Laces, poyntes, 40 + +[[22]] +[Headnote: SILKS. GRAINS. TITLES OF NOBILITY.] + + Soye vermeylle, + Reed silke, + Verde, gaune, + Grene, yelowe, + noire soye; + Black silke; + De ces soyes + Of thise silkes 4 + Faitton bordures. + Make me broythures. + + + ++CHi feray ie fin, + ++HEre I shall make an ende, + Et diray des graines: + And shall saye of graynes: + Bled, fourment, + Corn, whete, 8 + Soille, orge, + Rye, barlye, + Auaynne, vesches, + Otes, vessches, + Feues, poys. + Benes, pesen. + De ces choses suy ie lasses, + Of thise thinges I am wery, 12 + Si que ie men reposeray. + So that I shall reste me. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. VII.]] + + ++MAis les grandes seigneurs no{m}meray; + ++BUt the grete lordes I shall name; + Les prelats de saincte eglise; + The prelats of holy chirche; + Les princes, les grandes seigneurs. + The princes, the grete lordes. 16 + Premiers des plus haulx: + Fyrst of the hyest: + Cest de nostre saint pere + That is of our holy fadre + +[Sidenote: P. 21.] + + Le pape de romme, + The pope of rome, + Qui demeure a auignon; + Which duelleth at auynyon; 20 + Qui par droit deuroit estre + That by right shold be + A grand romme. + At grete rome. + Apres est le empereur + Next is the emperour + Le plus grand seigneur, + The grettest lorde, 24 + Lemperesse greigneur dame, + Themperesse the grettest lady, + De tout le monde; + Of all the world; + Elle est royne dallemaygne. + She is quene of almayne. + Le roy de fraunce + The kyng of fraunce 28 + Est le plus riche roy + Is the most riche kyng + De tresour qui vist + Of tresour that lyueth + De la la mer; + Beyonde the see; + Le roy dangletere apres + The kyng of englond after 32 + Est le plus puissance & riche. + Is the most myghty and riche. + Le roy de spayne, + The kyng of spayne, + Le roy darragon, + The kyng of aragon, + Le roy de cecile, + The kyng of cecile, 36 + Le roy de nauare, + The kyng of nauerne, + Le roy de behaine, + The kyng[1] of beme, + + [Footnote 1: byng] + + Le roy de polaine, + The kyng of poole, + +[[23]] +[Headnote: KINGS. DIGNITARIES OF THE CHURCH, MONKS, ETC.] + + Le roy de dace, + The kyng of denmarke, + Le roy de portingal, + The kyng of portingale, + Le roy de scoce, + The kyng of scotland, + Le roy de naples, + The kyng of naples, 4 + Le roy Jherusalem. + The kyng of Jherusalem. + Larcheuesque de cauntorbie, + Tharchebisshop of caunterbury, + Larcheuesque deuerwike, + Tharchebisshop of yorke, + Larcheuesque de coloine, + Tharchebisshop of coleyne, 8 + De rains, de rohen, + Of raynes, of roen, + De magonce, de trieris. + Of mence, of treyer. + Leuesque de loundres, + The bisshop of london, + Leuesque de wincestre, + The bisshop of wynchestre, 12 + Leuesque de chestre, + The bisshop of chestre, + Leuesque de lincolne, + The bisshop of lyncolne, + Leuesque de paris, + The bisshop of parys, + Leuesque de senlis, + The bisshop of senlys, 16 + Leuesque de biauuaix, + The bisshop of biauuays, + Leuesque de liege, + The bisshop of luke, + Leuesque de cambray, + The bisshop of camerik, + Leuesque de terwaen. + The bisshop of terrewyn. 20 + Mais par deseure eulx + But aboue them + +[Sidenote: P. 22.] + + Sont les dousze cardinaulx. + Ben the xii. cardynals. + Par desoubz les euesques + Vnder the bisshoppes + Sont les abbees, + Ben the abbotes, 24 + Les officiaulx, + The officials, + Les preuosts, les doyens, + The prouostes, the denes, + Les pryeurs, les gardiens. + The pryours, the wardeyns. + Desoubs tels maistres + Vnder suche maisters 28 + Sont les prebstres. + Ben the prestes. + Les channonnes sont renteez; + The chanons ben rented; + On veult dyre + Men wyll saye + Que vng abbe de clingny + That an abbot of cluny 32 + Est le plus riche clercq + Is the richest clerke + Qui soit en[1] le monde + That isin the world + Apres le pape. + Next the pope. + + [Footnote 1: on] + + Grys moysnes sont + Gray monkes ben 36 + Del ordene de chistiaulx; + Of the ordre of cistiauls; + Saint bernard est leur patron. + Seint bernard is theyr patron. + Blancs moynes treuue on + White monkys men fynde + Del ordene de premonstre; + Of the ordre of premonstrence; 40 + +[[24]] +[Headnote: MONKS AND NUNS. THE GREAT ONES OF THE WORLD.] + + Noirs moisnes del ordene + Blac monkes of the ordre + Saincte benoit; + Of seynt benet; + Guillemynes, freres mineurs, + Wyllemyns and frere menours, + Jacopins, chartreurs, + Blac freris & monkes of chartre ho{us}, 4 + Carmes, Augustins, + White freris and austyns, + Prescheurs, Bogars, + Prechers, lewd freris, + Curats, chappelains, + Curattes, chappelains, + Abbesses, prioresses, + Abbesses, prioresses, 8 + Nonnains + Nonnes + Del ordene saynt clare, + Of the ordre of seint clare, + Beghines, clergesses. + Beghyns, clergesses. + + + ++ORes viennent les noms + ++NOw comen the names 12 + Des ducs, des countes, + Of dukes, of erles, + De duc deuerwik, + Of the duke of yorke, + De duc de lancastre, + Of the duke of lancastre, + De duc de bretaigne, + Of the duke of bretaigne, 16 + De duc de guyhenne, + Of the duke of guyan, + De duc de ghelres, + Of the duke of gheldreland, + De duc de bourgoigne, + Of the duke of burgoyne, + De duc daustrice; + Of the duke of ostryche; 20 + Le counte darondel, + The erle of arondel, + Le counte de kente, + The erle of kente, + Le counte dessex, + The erle of essex, + +[Sidenote: P. 23.] + + Le[1] counte weruy, + The erle of warwyke, 24 + + [Footnote 1: La] + + Le counte de flaundres, + The erle of flaundres, + Le counte de clermont, + The erle of clermonde, + De boulougne, de sainct pol, + Of boloyne, of saint pol, + De hainau, de holant; + Of henaud, of holand; 28 + Chastelain de douures; + Castelayn of douer; + Viscounte de biaumont, + Vycounte[3] of beaumond, + De bourshier, de berghes, + Of bousser, of berow, + Cheualiers, esquiers hardyz. + Knyghtes, squyers hardy. 32 + + [Footnote 3: Vyconnte] + + Messire ernoul de noirs est banerets[2] + Sir arnold of noirs is a banerett + Et fu connestable de fraunce. + And was conestable of fraunce. + + [Footnote 2: bauerets] + + Messier daspremont + My lord of aspremond + Est double banerets. + is double banerette. 36 + Les noms des dames: + The names of ladies: + La bonne royne, + The good quene, + Ducesse, contesse, princesse; + Duchesse, countesse, princesse; + Pour teles dames + For suche ladies 40 + +[[25]] +[Headnote: NAMES (WITH FOLK'S TRADES): ADAM--ABRAHAM.] + + Sont les tournoys, + Ben the tournemens, + Les Joustemens, + The Joustynges, + Les grandes guerres, + The grete werres, + De quoy les grands maistres + Wherof the grete maistres 4 + D[e] theologie, dastronomye, + Of diuinite, of astronomye, + nen ont que faire, + Have not to doo, + Et sont en repoz, + And ben in reste, + Et les maistres de medicines + And the maistres of medicyns 8 + Et les cirurgiens aussi. + And the surgyens also. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. VIII.]] + + ++POur ce que pluyseurs mots + ++FOr this that many wordes + Cherront ou pourront cheoir + Shalle fall or may falle + Qui ne sont point plainement + Which ben not playnly 12 + Cy deuant escrips, + Here tofore wreton, + Sy vous escripray + So shall I write you + Doresenauant + Fro hens forth + Diuerses maters + Diuerse maters 16 + De touttes choses, + Of all thynges, + Puis de lun puis de lautre, + Syth of one sith of anothir, + Ou quel chapitle + In which chapitre [pp. 25-47] + Je veul conclure + I wyll conclude 20 + Les noms dhommes & des femmes + The names of men and of wymmen + Selon lordre del a. b. c., + After the ordre of a. b. c., + Les noms des mestiers, + The names of craftes, + Sy comme vous poes oyer. + So as ye may here. 24 + + +[Sidenote: P. 24.] + + "++ADam, amaine cha + "++ADam, bryng hyther + Mon cheual tantost, + My hors anone, + e luy metz + And sette on hym + La selle et le frain. + The sadel and brydle. 28 + Ie cheuaucheray + I shall ryde + La iay promise a estre + There I haue promysed to be + A ung parlement + To a parlamente + Ou a ung annyuersaire. + Or to a yeres mynde. 32 + Regarde sil est ferres + Beholde yf he be shoed + Des quatre piets; + On four feet; + Se il nelest, + Yf he be not, + Si le maine ferrer." + So lede hym to be shoed." 36 + "+Abraham, cest faict. + "+Abraham, hit is done. + Tenes, montes; + Holde, sitte vp; + Chausies vous bousiaux, + Do on your bootes, + Vous esperons. + Your spores. 40 + +[[26]] +[Headnote: ALPHABET OF NAMES: ADRYAN--ANCEL. _Wine._ _Breakfast._] + + Puis vous desiunes + Syth breke your fast + Ainchois[1] que vous departes." + Er ye hens departe." + + [Footnote 1: Amchois] + + "+Adryan, ou[2] en ales vous? + "+Adryan, where well ye goo? + + [Footnote 2: on] + + Se vous alles mon chemyn + Yf ye goo my way 4 + Ie vous tenroye companye." + I shall holde you companye." + "Si en serroye moult Joyeulx." + "So shall I be moche glad." + "+Alart, or en alons + "+Alarde, now goo we + Sans[3] arrester + Withoute[6] tarieng 8 + Se nous voulons venir + If we wylle come + Ainsi comme nous + Lyke as we + Et les aultres auons promis." + And the othir haue promised." + + [Footnote 3: Saus] + + [Footnote 6: Withonte] + + "+Abel, ou vendt on + "+Abel, where selle men 12 + Le meillour vin de cest ville? + The beste wyn of this toune? + Dictes le nous, + Saye it vs, + Nous vous en prions." + We pray you." + "+Andrieu, le meillour vent on + "+Andrew, the beste selleth me 16 + A la rue des lombars. + In the strete of lombardis. + Car ie lay assaye; + For I haue assayed; + Cest dung plein tonniel, + Hit is of a full fatte, + Au pris de viij. deniers, + At pris of viij. pens, 20 + En le premier tauerne + And [at] the first tauerne + Que vous trouueres." + That ye shall fynde." + "+Andrieu, va querre + "+Andrew, goo fecche + Ung quart et demy, + A quart and an half, 24 + Et te fais bien mesurer. + And doo the well to be meten. + Si buuerons ung trait; + So shall we drynke a draught; + +[Sidenote: P. 25.] + + Nous desiunerons des trippes, + We shall breke our fast with trippes, + De la foye, du poumon, + Of the lyuer, of the longhe, 28 + Vng piet du buef, + A foot of an oxe, + Vng piet du porke, + A foot of a swyne, + Vng teste daux; + An hede of garlyke; + Se nous desiunerons[4] + So shall we breke our faste 32 + Et buuerons becq a becq." + And shall drynke becke to beck." + + [Footnote 4: desiunerous] + + "+Ancel, mets la table + "+Ancelme, sette the table + Et les estaulx, + And the trestles, + Laue les voirs, + Wasshe the glasses, 36 + Respaulme le[5] hanap, + Spoylle the cuppe, + + [Footnote 5: la] + + Dresce a manger, + Dresse to ete, + Taille du pain, + Cutte brede, + Laue le mortier + Wasshe the mortier, 40 + +[[27]] +[Headnote: NAMES: ARNOLD--ADRIEN. _Day-work._ _Months of the Year._] + + Et le pestiel, + And the pestel, + Fay nous des aulx; + Make vs somme garlyk; + Nous en a{ur}ons toute jour + We shall haue all the day + Plus chault en nous membres." + More hete in our membres." 4 + "+Arnoul, verses du vin, + "+Arnold, gyue us wyne + Et nous donnes a boire." + And gyue vs to drynke." + "Non feray; ie poyle des aulx. + "I shall not, I pylle the gharlyk. + Alles ainchois[1] lauer; + Goo erst wasshe; 8 + Vous beuuries bien a temps." + Ye shall drynke well in tyme." + + [Footnote 1: amchois] + + "+Aubin est a le[2] porte, + "+Aubin is at the gate, + Mais al huys. + But at the dore. + + [Footnote 2: ? la] + + Vase le laisse ens. + Goo late hym in. 12 + Je croy quil maporte + I trowe that he bryngeth me + Ce quil me doibt." + That he me oweth." + +Anthoine est ung preudhomme[3]; + +Antonye is a wyse man; + Il se lieue touts les nuyts + He ariseth alle the nyghtes 16 + Pour oyer mattines. + For to here matynes. + + [Footnote 3: prendhomme] + + Il ne me chault + Me ne reccheth + De son matin leuer + Of his erly risyng + Ou de son dormier, + Or of the[5] slepyng, 20 + Ne de son veiller. + Ne of his wakyng. + + [Footnote 5: ? his] + + "+Augustin, ou estu?" + "+Austyn, where art thou?" + "Il est a lescole. + "He is at the scole, + Il sen ala a prime. + He is goon to prime. 24 + Il reuendra a tierce, + He shall come agayn at tyerse, + Non fera mie[4] a mydy." + He shall not at mydday." + + [Footnote 4: nuie] + + "Or viegne a none." + "Now come a none." + "Ie vouldroye quil demourast + "I wolde that he abode 28 + +[Sidenote: P. 26.] + + Iusques as vespres, + Vntil euensonge, + Voire, iusques a complye; + Ye truly, vntil complyne; + Et sil demourast + And yf he taried + Iusques a matines + Vntil matyns 32 + Ou iusques a mynuyt, + Or vntil mydnyght, + Et sil ne reuenist iamais, + And yf he come neuer, + Ie ny acompteroye gaires." + I shold not recche moche." + "+Adrien, parles a moy: + "+Adryan, speke to me: 36 + Combien de moys sont en lan? + How many monethes ben in the yere? + Quels sont ils?" + Which ben they?" + "Ianuier, Feurier, + "Janiuer, Feuerer, + Mars, Apuril, + Marche, Aprille, 40 + +[[28]] +[Headnote: NAMES: AGNES--APPOLINE. _Feasts and Terms._] + + May, Iung, + Maye, Iuyn, + Iullet, Aougst, + Iuyll, August, + Septembre, Octobre, + Septembre, Octobre, + Nouembre, Decembre." + Nouembre, Decembre." 4 + + + ++AGnes no meschyne + ++AGnes our maid + Scet bien nommer + Can well name + Toutes les grandes festes + All the grete festes + Et les termes de lan. + And the termes of the yere. 8 + "Damoyselle, nommes les." + "Damyselle, name them." + "Non feray, se dieu mait; + "I shall not, so god helpe me! + +Agathe les nommera." + +Agace shall name them." + "De par dieu, puis quainsi[1] soit! + "In gods name, sith it soo is! 12 + + [Footnote 1: quaiusi] + + A noel, a pasques, + At cristemasse, at estre, + Alascension, a la pentechoste, + At assencion, at Whitsontid, + La trinite, a la saint iehan, + The trinite, at seint Johan, + Le iour de saint piere, + The day of saint petre, 16 + A le seint remy, + At seynt remyge, + Le iour de tous sains, + The day of all[5] halowes, + + [Footnote 5: oll] + + A le saint martin, + At seint martins messe, + A le saint xp[-o]fre, + At seint xpriforis, 20 + A nostre dame en marche, + At our lady in marche, + A le chandeloer[2], + At candlemasse, + + [Footnote 2: chandeber] + + A la nostre dame my aoust, + At our lady in heruest, + A quaremien[3], + At shroftyde, 24 + + [Footnote 3: quaremiou] + + Le iour de pasques florie, + The day of palme sonday, + Le iour de lan, + The new yers day, + Le[4] iour des trois roix, + The day of thre kynges, + Le[4] peneuse sepmaine, + The paynful weke, 28 + + [Footnote 4: Les] + + An, demy an, + Yere, half yere, + Le iour du sacrament, + The day of sacrament, + +[Sidenote: P. 27.] + + Le procession deuerwik, + The procession of yorke, + Le procession de couentre; + The procession of couentre; 32 + Les pardons de syon + The pardon of syon + Sero{u}nt au commencement daust." + Shall be at the begynnyng of august." + "+Appoline, venes boire." + "+Appolyn, come ete." + "Non feray, saulue vostre grace! + "I ne shall not, sauf your grace! 36 + Encore buuray ie, + Yet shall I drynke, + Car ie ne refuse point + For I reffuse not + Le hanap + The cuppe; + +[[29]] +[Headnote: NAMES: ANASTASE--ALBERT. _A Three Years' Peace coming._] + + Ce serroit villonnie." + That were vylonye." + "+Anastase, aues mengist?" + "+Anastase, haue ye eten?" + "Encore dyne ie; + "Yet I dyne; + A nuyt soupperay ie." + At nyght I shall souppe." 4 + "Vous aues bien vo temps + "Ye haue well your tyme + Qui si longement + That so longe + Estes in solas." + Be in solace." + "Dennuy de meschance + "Fro noyeng of meschief 8 + Me veul garder, + I wyll kepe me, + De duel de maise auenture, + Fro sorow of euil auenture, + Mais toudis viure en joye + But alleway lyue in ioye + Sers mon deduit." + Shall be my byledyng." 12 + "+Amand, vostre serouge, + "+Amand, your cosen alyed + A plus belle amye + Hath a fairer lyef + Que vous nayes, + Than ye haue, + Et mieulx aprise + And better taught 16 + Que ie nen scay nulle; + Than I knowe ony; + Elle est belle et sage, + She is faire and wyse, + Si quils pourroient auoir + So that they myght have + Asses des biens ensamble." + Ynough of goodes to gedyr." 20 + "+Amelberge est bien plaisante; + "+Amelbergh is well plaisa{u}nt; + Dieu luy doinst bon eur! + God gyue her good happe! + Ves le cy ou[1] elle vient." + See her hiere where she cometh." + + [Footnote 1: on] + + "Ves moy cy, voirement! + "See me hiere, veryly! 24 + Que dittes vous de moy?" + What saye ye of me?" + "Nous ne disons de vous + "We ne saye of you + Synon que bien." + Nothing but good." + "+Albert de haesbrouk! + "+Albright of haesburgh! 28 + Venes vous de la ville?" + Come ye fro the toune?" + "Oyl, sire, sil vous plaist." + "Ye, sire, yf it plese you." + "Quelles nouuelles + "What tydynges + Nous apportes vous?" + To vs brynge ye?" 32 + "Bonnes et belles; + "Good and fair; + +[Sidenote: P. 28.] + + Car on dist + For men saye + Que paix serra + That peas shall be + Entre les deux roys + Bitwene the two kynges 36 + Et leurs royames, + And theyr royames, + Ou trieues[2] pour trois ans." + Or triews for thre yere." + + [Footnote 2: trienes] + + "Sire, de celle bouche + "Sir, with that mouth + Puyssies vin boire." + Mote ye wyn drynke." 40 + + +[[30]] +[Headnote: NAMES: BAUDEWIN--BERTRAN. _English and Scotch Peace._] + + ++BAudewin le cousin charles + ++BAudewyn the cosin of charles + Est mareschal de fraunce. + Is mareshall of fraunce. + Il me disoit + He sayde to me + Quil sera respyt + That it shall be respyte 4 + Entre les engloys + Bitwene the englisshmen + Et les escochoys. + And the scottes. + Il en a eubt lettres. + He had therof lettres. + Benoit le vylain + Benet the chorle 8 + Est lieutenant + Is lieutenant + Du bailly damiens + Of the baylly of amyas + Et de la preuostie. + And of the prouostye. + Il est mes parens + He is my kynnesman 12 + Et ie le sien; + And I am his; + Si men puis vanter. + So I me auaunte. + "+Bernard, est le clocque sounee + "+Bernard, is the clocke sowned + Pour aller a le euure?" + For to goo to werke?" 16 + "Vous[1] voules dire + "Ye wolde saye + Le clocque des ouuriers?" + The belle of werkemen?" + + [Footnote 1: Vons] + + "Non fay, vrayement, + "I ne doo, truly, + Mais le clocque du iour." + But the day belle." 20 + "Oyl, tres grand pieche." + "Ye, ouer a grete while." + "+Boneface, fais du feu; + "+Boneface, make fyer, + Fais bouillir lencre. + Make the ynche to seethe, + Si mets plus de galles + And put therin mo galles 24 + Et plus de substaunce, + And more substance, + Et mouue le qui narde." + And styre it that it brenne not." + "+Berthelmieu, demores cy + "+Bertilmewe, abyde hiere + Auecques nous huymais. + With vs this day. 28 + Nous vous donrons[2] + We shall gyue you + De ce que nous avons[3], + Of that we haue, + Et de ce que dieu nous a preste. + And of that which god hath lente vs. + + [Footnote 2: donrous] + + [Footnote 3: a vons] + + Si vous fera on + So men make to you 32 + Ung biau lite; + A fayr bedde; + Vous ne aures pys + Ye shall haue no werse + Que nous mesmes." + Than we our self." + +[Sidenote: P. 29.] + + "+Bertran, ce seroit asses; + "+Bertram, this shall be ynough; 36 + Car se il ny auoit + For yf he haue + Fors que du pain + Nothing than brede + Et bon ceruoyse + And good ale + Il me souffiroit, + Hit shold suffyse me, 40 + +[[31]] +[Headnote: NAMES: BARNABE--CYPRIEN. _Baking, Washing._] + + Si comme a chescun + So as to euerich + Doibt souffire." + It ought suffyse." + "+Barnabe, alles vous ent! + "+Barnabe, goo ye hens! + Nous ne auons cure + We haue no charge 4 + De vostre companie. + Of your felawship. + Ne vous coroucies point! + Ne angre you not! + Car sacies tout a plain + For knowe ye all plainly + Que vostre compaignie + That your felawship 8 + Nest bonne ne belle." + Is not good ne fayr." + "+Basilles, que vous couste + "+Basylle, what hath coste you + Mon menage, + My houshold, + Que vous vous plaindes de moy?" + That ye playne you of me?" 12 + "Plaigne ou ne plaigne point, + "Playne or playne nothyng, + Ie naray iamais + I shall haue neuer + Compaignie auecq vous + Companye with you + Tant come ie viue, + As longe as I lyue, 16 + Ou la vie ou corps auray." + Or the lyf in my body shall haue." + + "+Brixe, va ou four, + "+Bryce, go to the ouen + Pour les pastees; + For the pasteyes; + Sacque hors lespaude + Drawe out the sholdre 20 + De lespoye tout chault, + Of the spete all hoot, + Car il est asses rostis, + For it is ynough rosted, + Et le drechies par escuelles." + And dresse it by disshes." + "Sire, les pastees sont venus; + "Sire, the pasteyes be come; 24 + Le rost est drechye." + The roste is dressyd." + Beatrix le lauendier + Beatrice the lauendre + Venra cy apres mengier; + Shall come hether after diner; + Se ly baillies les ligne draps; + So gyue her the lynnen clothis. 28 + Elle les buera nettement. + She shall wassh them clenly. + "+Berte, escures les pots + "+Berte, skowre the pottes + Contre ces haulz iours + Ayenst thise hye dayes + En le chambre par tout." + In the chambre ouer all." 32 + + + ++COlard li orfeure + ++COlard the goldsmyth + Me doibt faire + Oweth me to make + Ma chainture, + My gyrdle, + Vne couroye clauwe + A gyrdle nayled 36 + dargent, pesant quarant deniers, + With siluer, weyeng xl. pens, + +[Sidenote: P. 30.] + + Et vng triaclier. + And a triacle boxe. + +Cyprien le tisseran + +Cyprien the weuar + Ma promys a tystre + Hath promysed to weue 40 + +[[32]] +[Headnote: NAMES: COLARD--CLEMENCE. _Kempster, Spinster, &c._] + + Mon drap + My cloth + Demain ou apres demain. + To morow or after morow. + "Quand y fu le file porte?" + "Whan was the thred theder born?" + "Hier, deuant hier. + "Yesterday, tofore yesterday. 4 + Anthan, deuant anthan, + Foryere, tofor foryere, + Ne leust on mye tissu + Hit had not be wouen + Pour autant come a iourdhuy, + For as moche as on this day, + Ne si hastiuement[1]." + Ne so hastyly." 8 + + [Footnote 1: hastinement] + + +Colard ly foulon + +Colard the fuller + Scet bien fouler drap. + Can well fulle cloth. + Si veul ie quil le foule; + So wylle I that he fulle; + Encore est il moult dangereux. + Yet is he moche dangerous. 12 + +Conrad li tondeurs + +Conrade the sherman. + Le doibt tondre; + He oweth to shere; + Il prende del aulne quatre mites + He taketh of the elle foure mytes + Puis que les tondeurs + Syth that the sheremen 16 + Eurent leur franchise. + Hadde theyr franchise. + +Katherine la pigneresse + +Katherin the kempster + Fu cy a{ur}ain pour argent. + Was hiere right now for moneye. + Elle iura par sa foye + She swore by her faith 20 + Quelle ne pigna oncques + That she kembyth neuer + Laine si bien; + Wulle so well; + Pour ce lui payera on bien. + Therfor men shall paye her well. + +Cecile la fyleresse + +Cecyle the spinster 24 + Vint auecques elle. + Cam with her. + Elle prise moult vostre fylet + She preyseth moche your yarn + Qui fu filee a le keneule; + That was sponne on the dystaf; + Mais le fil + But the yarne 28 + Quon fila au rouwet + That was sponne on the whele + A tant de neuds + Hath so many cnoppes + Que cest merueille a veoir. + That it is meruaylle to see. + +Colombe le boysteuse + +Colombe the halting 32 + Sen ala tenchant de cy, + Wente her chydyng from hens, + Pour ce que ie + For this that I + Le vouloye baysier; + Wolde haue kyssed her; + Neantmoins nauoye ie talent, + Neuertheless I had no luste, 36 + Et elle me mauldist, + And she me cursyd, + Et ie le remauldis. + And I cursyd her agayn. + +Clement & +Clemence son fillaistre + +Clement & +Clemence his stepdoughter + +[[33]] +[Headnote: NAMES: CLARE--DONAAS. _Cloth-hurler, Bridlemaker._] + +[Sidenote: P. 31.] + + Tencierent ensamble; + Chydden to gyder; + Elle dist que oncques parastre + She said that neuer stepfadre + Ne marastre furent bons; + Ne stepmodre were good; + Elle luy reprouua quil[1] auoit trouue + He repreuud her that he[2] had founden 4 + Luytant a vng valleton. + Her wrastlying with a boye. + + [Footnote 1: ? Il ... qu'il l'] + + [Footnote 2: she] + + +Clare la aueugle + +Clare the blynde + Va pour son pain. + Goth for her breed. + Aulmosne y est bien employe, + Almesse is there well bestowed, 8 + Car au temps quelle veoit + For the tyme that she sawe + Elle eust enuys demande; + She had not gladly axed; + Si que cest pite de elle. + So that is pite of her. + +Clarisse la esbourysse + +Clarisse the nopster 12 + Scet bien son mestier. + Can well her craft. + "Tresquand le a elle aprys + "Syth whan hath she lerned it + Draps esbourier?" + Cloth for to noppe?" + "Que demandes vous? + "What axe ye? 16 + Elle eu fu berchie. + She was ther with rocked. + Elle a bien a faire + She hath good to doo + Quelle gaigne moult, + That she wynne moche, + Car elle est moult gloutee." + For she is moche lichorous." 20 + + + ++DAvid le lormier + ++DAvid the bridelmaker + Est ung bon ouurier + Is a good werkman + De faire selles, + For to make sadles, + Frains, & esperons, + Bridles, and spores, 24 + Et ce quil y affiert. + And that thereto belongeth. + +Denis le fourbisseur + +Denis the fourbysshour + A de moy vng espee + Hath of me a swerd + De tresbon taillant, + Of right good cuttyng, 28 + Vng couttel a pointe, + A knyfe with a poynte, + Vng espee, + A swerde, + Quil me doibt fourbier. + Whiche me ought to furbysshe. + +Damyan le armoyer + +Damyan the armorer 32 + Me vendra vnes plates, + Shall selle me a plate, + Vng bachinnet, + A bacenet, + Vng haubergon, + An habergeon, + Vng gorgiere, + A gorgette, 36 + Gauns de fer. + Gloues of yron. + +Donace le pourpointier + +Donaas the doblet maker + A parfaicte mon pourpainte + Hath performed my doublet + Et mon paltocque. + And my Jaquet. 40 + + +[[34]] +[Headnote: NAMES: EUSTACE--ERMENTIN. _Upholster, Painter, &c._] + + ++EVstaes le tailleur + ++EVstace the taillour + A tant de taillier, + Hath so moche to cutte, + +[Sidenote: P. 32.] + + Pour la bonne diligence + For the good diligence + Quil faict a peuple + That he doth to the peple 4 + De liurer leurs vestures + To deliuere their clothes + Au iour quil a promys. + Atte day that he hath promysed. + Pour ce il ne cesse + Therfor he resteth not + Nuyt ne iour; + Nyght ne day; 8 + Et sy a plente de coustriers; + And hath plente of sowers; + Encore dont ne peult il + Yet thenne he may not + A grand paine liurer aux gens + With grete payne deliuere the peple + Ce quil leurs promet. + That whiche he hath promysed hem. 12 + +Euraerd le vieswarier + +Euerard the vpholster + Scet bien estoupper + Can well stoppe + Vng mantel trauwet, + A mantel hooled, + Refouller, regratter, + Full agayn, carde agayn, 16 + Rescourer vne robe, + Skowre agayn a goune, + Et tous vieulx draps. + And alle old cloth. + +Elyas le pointurer + +Elyas the paynter + E[s]t remaysonnes et remues + Is howsed agayn and remeuyd 20 + De la ou il soloit demourer. + Fro thens where was woned to duelle. + Il y met si longement + He tarieth so longe + Mon drap a taindre + My cloth to dye 24 + Que iaray dommage de luy. + That I shall haue harme of hym. + De quel couleur le taindra il? + Of what colour shall he dye it? + De bresille, de galles, + Of brasylle, of galles, + Il destaindera tantost. + He shall stayne it anon. 28 + Je le feroye descorche, + I shalle doo it with barke. + +Estieuene le voirier + +Steuen the glasyer + Luy pria qui le fesist bien; + Praid hym he wold do it wel; + Se luy en merchies + So thanke hym 32 + Quand vous le verres, + Whan ye hym see, + Car il affiert bien. + For it behoueth well. + +Ermentin gist malade; + +Ermentin lieth seke; + Parles tout bas. + Speke all softe. 36 + On portera son vrine + Men shall bere his vrine + Au maistre alfrant. + To maistre alfranke. + Regarde que lorynal + See that the vrinall + soit net et clere; + Be clene and clere; 40 + +[[35]] +[Headnote: NAMES: FRANCIS--FERRAUNT. _Draper, Wine-crier, Baker, &c._] + + Et sil est ort, + And yf it be foull, + Se le frotte dedens. + So rubbe it within. + Keuure ta soer; elle suera; + Couer thi suster; she shall suete; + Se luy vauldra moult. + Hit shall auaille her moche. 4 + Elle lui vient de paour: + Hit cam to here of fere: + Elle vey bateiller deux hommes, + She saw two men fighten, + +[Sidenote: P. 33.] + + Dont lun fu tues + Of whom that one was slayn + Et laultre quassies. + And that othir hurte. 8 + + + ++FRancoys le drappier + ++F[R]Aunseys[1] the drapier + + [Footnote 1: Fanuseys] + + Est ung riche homme; + Is a riche man; + Cest bien employe; + It is well bestowed; + Il donne voulentiers pour dieu; + He gyueth gladly for goddes sake; 12 + Il visette les deshaities, + He visiteth them that be not hole, + Les prisonniers, + The prisoners, + Si conseille les vesues + Also counseilleth the wedowes + Et les orphenins. + And the orphans. 16 + +Firmin le tauernier + +Fremyn the tauerner + A deux tonniaulx de moust. + Hath two tonnes of muste. + Il ma presente + He hath profred me + A croire se ien a faire. + To borowe yf I haue to doo with hem. 20 + Enuoyes en querir; + Sende to fecche them; + Il passe legierment le gorge. + Hit passeth lyghtly the throte. + +Frederic le vin crieres + +Frederik the wyn criar + Dist quil vault bien + Saith that it is well worth 24 + Ce quon vende. + That men selleth it for. + Il a droyt quil le dist; + He hath right that he it saith; + Il enboyt grandz traits. + He drynketh grete draughtes. + +Fierin le boulengier + +Fierin the baker 28 + Vend blanc pain et brun. + Selleth whit brede and broun. + Il a sour son grenier gisant + He hath vpon his garner lieng + Cent quartiers de bled. + An hondred quarters of corn. + Il achate a temps et a heure, + He byeth in tyme and at hour, 32 + Si quil na point + So that he hath not + Du chier marchiet. + Of the dere chepe. + +Fourchier le cardewanner + +Forcker the cordewanner + Met plus de cuir a oeuure + Put more lether to werke 36 + Que trois aultres, + Than thre othir, + Sy bonne vente a il + So good sale hath he + Des solers et galoches. + Of shoes and of galoches. + +Ferrau[n]s le chausser + +Ferraunt the hosyer 40 + +[[36]] +[Headnote: NAMES: PHILIPOTE--GERVAIS. _Thief's ear cut off, &c._] + + Fait chausses si mal taillies + Maketh hosen so euyll shapen + Et si mal cousues[1], + And so euyll sewed, + Que ie ne conseilleroye nulluy + That I shall counseille noman + Chauses a luy achatter. + Hosyn of hym to bye. 4 + + [Footnote 1: consues] + + +Phelipote le tigneuse + +Philipote the scallyd + Embla a son maistre + Stall fro her maister + Vng forgierel + A forcyer + +[Sidenote: P. 34.] + + Ou il auoit dedens + Where ther was therin 8 + Biaucop dorfrois + Many orfrayes + Et de reubans de soye + And rybans of silke + Et de la fustane; + And of fustain; + Si quil le fist prendre + So that he toke her 12 + Et mettre en prison; + And sette in prison; + Puis eubt elle + Syth had she + Loreille copee; + Her ere cutte of; + Si quelle menacha + So that she thretened 16 + Son maistre a faire tuer. + Her maister to be slayn. + Quoy quel en aduiegne, + What so euer come therof, + Chescun garde sa loiaulte! + Eueriche kepe his trowthe! + +Felix le ouurier de soye + +Felice the silkewoman 20 + Fait tant de bourses + maketh so many purses + Et aloyeres de soye; + And pauteners of silke; + Car elle en est maistresse. + For she is therof a maistresse. + + + ++GVillebert le arcenier + ++GVysebert the bowemaker 24 + Fait les arcs et les sagettes; + Maketh the bowes & the arowes; + Les arblastriers trayent. + The arblastrers shote. + +Gerard le moulenier, + +Gherard the myllar, + Selon ce quon dist, + After that men saye, 28 + Emble le moytie + Steleth the half + Du bled ou de farine[2] + Of corn or of mele + De ceulx qui luy + Of them that to hym + Apportent a mieuldre. + Brynge to grynde. 32 + + [Footnote 2: farme] + + La moytie ne emble il mye, + The half he steleth not, + Mais vng peu de chescun sac. + But a lytyll of euery sack. + + + ++Geruas le escripuain + ++Geruays the scriuener + Scet bien escripre chartres, + Can well write chartres, 36 + Preuileges, instrumens, + Preuyleges, instrumentis, + Debtes, receptes, + Dettes, receyttes, + Testamens, copies. + Testamentis, copies. + Il scet bien compter + He can well rekene 40 + +[[37]] +[Headnote: NAMES: GOMBERT--GUY. _Writing, the Noblest Craft, &c._] + + Et rendre comptes + And yelde rekenynges + De toutes rentes, + Of all rentes, + Soit de rentes a vye, + Be they of rente for lyf, + Ou rentes herytables, + Or rent heritable, 4 + De toutes censes. + Of all fermes. + Il est bien prouffitables + He is well proufitable + En vng bon seruice; + In a good seruise; + Ce quil escript + That whiche he writeth 8 + Demeure celee. + Abydeth secrete. + +[Sidenote: P. 35.] + + Cest la plus noble mestier + Hit is the most noble craft + Qui soit au monde; + That is in the world; + Car il nest si hault + For ther is none so hye 12 + Ne si noble + Ne so noble + Qui se ahontier peult + That may hym shame + De le aprendre ne de le faire. + For to lerne ne for to doo. + Se nest lescripture + Yf it were not the scripture 16 + La loy & foy periroyent, + The law and faith shold perisshe, + Et toute la saincte escripture + And all the holy scripture + Ne seroit mise en oubly. + Shall not be put in forgeting. + Pour ce chescun loial xpristien + Therfore euery true cristen man 20 + Le doibt faire aprendere + Ought for to do lerne + A ses enfans et parens; + To his children and frendes; + + [Footnote: [? aprendre]] + + Et le doibuent meismes scavoir, + And them selfe owe it to knowe, + Ou aultrement, sans faulte, + Or othirwyse, withoute faulte, 24 + Dieu leurs demandera + God shall demande them + Et en prendera vengance; + And shall take of vengeaunce; + Car ignourance + For ignorance + Pas ne les excusera. + Shall nothyng excuse hem. 28 + Chescun si acquite + Euery man so acquite hym + Comme il vouldra respondre! + As he wylle ansuere! + +Gombers le bouchiere + +Gombert the bocher + Demeure dencoste le boucerie. + Duelleth beside the bocherie. 32 + Il vent si bien ses chars + He selleth so well his flessh + Que luy appiert; + That to hym it appereth; + Car luy voy si poure + For I sawe hym so poure + Quil ne scauoit[1] + That he knewe not 36 + Que bouter en sa bouche. + What to put in his mouth. + + [Footnote 1: scanoit] + + Pour ce est bonne chose + Therfore it is good thyng + Scauoir vng bon mestier. + To conne a good craft. + +Guyd le poissonner + +Guy the fysshmonger 40 + +[[38]] +[Headnote: NAMES: GABRIEL--GEORGE. _Linen-weaver, Bookseller, &c._] + + Ne sest mye pis portes, + Hath not werse borne hym, + Si quil appert aual sa maison. + So as it apperith after his hous. + Il vend toutes manieres + He selleth all maners + De poissons de mer + Of see fysshe 4 + Et de doulce eauwe + And of fressh water + Lesquels sont escripts + The whiche ben wreton + Dessus en aulcun lieu + To fore in som place + Dedens ce liure. + Within this book. 8 + +Gabriel le tillier + +Gabriel the lynweuar + Tist ma toille + Weueth my lynnencloth + De fil de lin + Of threde of flaxe + +[Sidenote: P. 36.] + + Et destoupes. + And of touwe. 12 + Si me fault de le traisme + Me lacketh woef + Et de lestam. + And of warpe. + Est elle acheuee? + Is it ended? + Oyl, des ioefdy + Ye, sith thursday 16 + Elle est tissue + Hit is wouen + Pour fair blancher. + For to doo white. + +Ghyselins le corbillier + +Ghyselin the mande maker + A vendu ses vans, + Hath sold his vannes, 20 + Ses corbilles, + His mandes or corffes, + Ses tammis. + His temmesis to clense with. + +Gherlin le chaudrelier + +Gheryn the ketelmaker + A este a bonne feest; + Hath ben at a good fayre; 24 + Il a lassie + He hath there lefte + Grand plente de batteries[1]; + Grete plente of baterye; + + [Footnote 1: barteries] + + Lesquelles denrees + The whiche penyworthis + Ie ne nommeray point, + I shall not name, 28 + Car ils sont nommees + For they be named + En vng des chapitres. + In one of the chapitres. + +George le librarier + +George the booke sellar + A plus des liures + Hath moo bookes 32 + Que tout ceulx de lauile. + Than all they of the toune. + Il les achate touts + He byeth them all + Tels quils soient, + Suche as they ben, + Soient embles ou enprintees, + Be they stolen or enprinted, 36 + Ou aultrement pourchacies. + Or othirwyse pourchaced. + Il a doctrinaulx, catons, + He hath doctrinals, catons, + Heures de nostre dame, + Oures of our lady, + Donats, pars, accidens, + Donettis, partis, accidents, 40 + +[[39]] +[Headnote: NAMES: GERVAS--LAMBERT. _Smith, Painter, Usurer, &c._] + + Psaultiers bien enluminees, + Sawters well enlumined, + Loyes a fremauls dargent, + Bounden with claspes of siluer, + Liures de medicines, + Bookes of physike, + Sept psalmes, kalendiers, + Seuen salmes, kalenders, 4 + Encre et parcemyn, + Ynke and perchemyn, + Pennes de signes, + Pennes of swannes, + Pennes dauwes, + Pennes of ghees, + Bons breuiares, + Good portoses, 8 + Qui valent bon argent. + Which ben worth good money. + +Gervas le feure + +Geruays the smyth + Est biaucop plus rices. + Is moche richer. + Encore dont prest il + Neuertheles leneth he 12 + La liure pour trois mailles. + The pound for thre halfpens. + +[Sidenote: P. 37.] + + +Gertrude la soeur +Gillebert + +Gertrude the suster of +Gylbert + Est morte et trespassee; + Is deed and passed; + Prijez pour son ame. + Praye for her soule. 16 + Quand trespassa elle? + Whan passed she? + Droit maintenant. + Right now. + Dieu luy pardonne + God forgyue her + Ses pechies et ses meffais. + Her synnes and her trespaces. 20 + Nous yrons au corps + We shall goo to the corps + Demain a loffrande. + To morn to thoffrynge. + + + ++HEnry le pointurier + ++HErry the paynter + Point mon escu + Paynteth my shelde 24 + De diuerses couleurs. + With diuerse colours. + A grand rayson + By grete reson + Ie me loe de luy. + I am plesid with hym. + + + ++IEhan le vsurier + ++IOhan the usurer 28 + A tant preste + Hath lente so moche + Quil ne scet le nombre + That he knoweth not the nombre + Del auoir quil a + Of the good that he hath + tout maisement assemble. + Alle euyll gadred to gedyr. 32 + Il preste la liure + He leneth the pounde + Pour quatre deniers. + For four pens. + + + ++Kylian et ses compaignons, + ++Kylian and his felaws, + Pour leurs merites, + For their deseruynges, 36 + Sont saincts en paradys, + Ben sayntes in paradyse, + Ou est joye sans fin. + Where is ioye withoute ende. + + + ++LAmbert le charpentier + ++LAmbert the carpenter + A marchandet a moy + Hath bargayned with me 40 + +[[40]] +[Headnote: NAMES: LAURENCE--LUCIAN. _Mason, Brewer, Tiler, &c._] + + De faire mon chastel, + To make my castell, + Le basse court et vne grange, + The nether court and a berne, + Et le doibt charpenter + And he oughteth to tymbre it + De bon ouurage; + Of good werke; 4 + Et les degretz, + And the steyres, + Tous[1] les boys charpentifs, + Alle the tymbre woode, + Doibt il liurer mesmes. + He is bound to deliuer hym selfe. + + [Footnote 1: Tons] + + +Laurence le machon + +Laurence the masone 8 + A pris a machonner, + Hath take to masone, + Et amenra des ouuriers, + And shal brynge the werkmen, + Et sont achattes + And ben bought + Bonnes pieres de marbre; + Good stones of marble; 12 + Les fenestres dalbastre; + The wyndowes of alabastre; + Mais le caulx + But the lyme or chalke + Nest encore point mesure. + Is not yet moten. + +[Sidenote: P. 38.] + + +Lieuin le brasseur + +Lyeuyn the brewar 16 + Brasse tant de ceruoyse + Breweth so moche ale + Quil ne peult vendre; + That he may not selle it; + Car il est renommees + For he is renomed + De mauuais beuurage; + Of euyll drynke; 20 + Se luy conuient a le fois + So hym behoueth othirwhyle + Ietter deuant les porciaux. + To cast to fore the hogges. + +Lamfroy le couureur de tieulles + +Lamfroy the couerar of tyles + Couury le belfroy + Couerd the steple 24 + Descailles, de tieulles, + With skaylles, with tyles, + A mieulx quil pouoit; + The beste wyse that he may; + Encordont esty + Neuertheles is it + Par le vent descouuert. + By the wynde discouerid. 28 + +Leonard le couureur destrain + +Lenard the thaccher + Couury ma maysoncelle + Hath couerd my litell hous + Destrain et de gluy. + With straw and with reed. + Les lattes quil achatta + The latthes that he bought 32 + Ne valent riens. + Be nothyng worth. + Il fist les parois, + He made the wallis, + Et les placqua de terre, + And daubed them with erthe, + Dont est il placqueur. + Wherof he was dawber. 36 + +Logier le feultier + +Logier the feltmaker + A maint bon chappeau + Hath many a good hatte + De beures et de feultre. + Of beuer and of felte. + +Lucien le gantiers + +Lucian the glouer 40 + +[[41]] +[Headnote: NAMES: LYON--MAXIMIAN. _Purser, Grocer, Surgeon, &c._] + + Siet dencoste moy; + Sitteth besyde me; + Faitte gans de cierf, + Maketh gloues of an herte, + De chien et de brebis. + Of hound and of sheep. + +Lyon le bourssier + +Lyon the pursser 4 + A boursses et aloyeres, + Hath pursses and pauteners, + Et les achattent les enfans; + And them bye the chyldren; + Des tasses bien ouuries. + Of the powches well wrought. + +Lucie le bastarde + +Lucie the bastarde 8 + Ne fera iamais bien; + Shall neuer doo well; + Car elle dist mal de ceulx[1] + For she saith euyll of them + Qui bien lui ont fait. + That well haue don to her. + + [Footnote 1: cenlx] + + + ++MArtin le especier + ++MArtin the grocer 12 + Vent pluiseurs especes + Selleth many spyces + De toutes manieres de pouldre + Of all maners of poudre + Pour faire les brouets, + For to make browettys, + Et a moult de boistes pointes + And hath many boxes paynted 16 + Plaines de confections, + Full of confections, + +[Sidenote: P. 39.] + + Et moult de cannes + And many pottes + Plaines de beuurages. + Full of drynkes. + +Maurisse le surgien + +Morysse the surgyan 20 + Se mesle de guarir + Medleth hym to hele + Playes, claux, + Woundes, soores, + Et apostumes, + And apostomes, + De vnguements + With oynementis 24 + Et demplastres; + And with plastres; + Il scet taillier de la pierre, + He can cutte out the stone, + Et guarir par beuurages + And hele by drynkes + De grauelle, de rompture. + Of the grauelle and of brekynge. 28 + +Maximian le maistre de medicines + +Maximian the maistre of phisike + Regarde le vrine des gens; + Seeth the vrin of the peple; + Il leurs scet a dire + He can say to them + De quoy ils sont mallade: + Wherof they be seke: 32 + Du mal du chief; + Of the heed ache; + Des doleurs des yeux, + Of the payne of the eyen, + Des oreilles; + Of the eres; + Sil ont[2] mal es dens, + Yf they haue toth ache, 36 + Aux pys, as mamelles; + Atte the breste, at the pappes; + + [Footnote 2: out] + + Il scet guarir et curer + He can hele and cure + Ydropison, menison, + Dropesye, blody flyxe, + Tesyque, mormal, + Tesyke, mormale, 40 + +[[42]] +[Headnote: NAMES: MABEL--OBEROL. _Tailoress, Mustard-maker, &c._] + + Pieds, vngles, + Feet, nayles, + Fieures quartaines et tiercaines, + Fever quartayn and tercian, + De le gaunisse + Of the Jaundyse[5] + (Dont dieu nous garde), + (Wherof god kepe vs), 4 + Et de tout ce + And of all that + Que greuer nous pourroit. + That may greue us. + + [Footnote 5: Janudyse] + + Il dont conseil a artetique + He gyueth conseill for the goute + Et daultres languers; + And for othir seknesses; 8 + Il a moult de bonnes herbes. + He hath many good herbes. + +Mabile le cousturiere[1] + +Mabyll the shepster + Se chauist tres bien; + Cheuissheth her right well; + + [Footnote 1: consturiere] + + Elle fait sourplis, + She maketh surplys, 12 + Chemyses, brayes, + Shertes, breches, + Courechiefs, et tout ce + Keuerchifs, and all that + Que on peult ouurer + That may be wrought + De ligne drap. + Of lynnen cloth. 16 + +Mahault le huuetier + +Maulde the huue or calle maker + Se maintient sagement; + Maynteneth her wisely; + Elle vend chier ses huues; + She selleth dere her calles or huues; + +[Sidenote: P. 40.] + + Elles les keut[2] de deux coustures[3]. + She soweth them with two semes. 20 + + [Footnote 2: kent] + + [Footnote 3: constures] + + + ++NYchole le mostardier + ++NYcholas the mustardmaker + A bon vinaigre, + Hath good vynegre, + Bon verius, bon moustarde, + Good veriuse, good mustarde, + Galentine sausse, + Galentyne sawce, 24 + Noir poiure, + Black pepre, + Bonne gansailliede[4]. + Good ganselyn[6]. + + [Footnote 4: gausailliede] + + [Footnote 6: gauselyn] + + +Natalie la dame des estuues + +Natalye the wyf of the stewes + Tient bonne estuue, + Kepeth a good styewe, 28 + La plus souffisante de la cite; + The moste suffysaunte of the cite; + Ilz y vont estuuer + They goon thedyr to be stewed + Toutes les estrangiers. + Alle the strangers. + Elle demeure + She duelleth 32 + Deriere le mur des carmes. + After the walle of the white freris. + + + ++OLiuier le couretier + ++OLyuer the brocour + Gaigne a couretage, + Wynneth by brocorage, + A vng denier a dieu, + With one goddes peny, 36 + Vingt liures ou trente. + Twenty pound or thyrty. + +Oberol le hostelier + +Oberol the hosteler + A touts les bons hostes; + Hath all the good ghestes; + Il a les allemains + He hath the alemayns 40 + +[[43]] +[Headnote: NAMES: ONNOUR--OGIER. _Inn-Guests, Prison-keeper, &c._] + + Quon appelle oesterlins, + That men calle esterlyngis, + Poyteuins, fransoys, + Poyteuyns, frenshemen, + Engloys, brabansois, + Englishmen, brabanders, + Flamengs, lombars, + Flemyngis, lombardis, 4 + Espaignoys, Portingalois, + Spaynardys, portingalers, + Geneuoys, escochoys, + Ienewys, scottes, + Haynewiers, hollandois, + Heynewiers, hollanders, + Danoys, frisons. + Danes men, of friseland. 8 + + + ++Onnore le tourier + ++Onnour the kepar of the tour + Garde le prison + Kepeth the prison + La les prisonniers sont; + There the prisonners bee; + Il y sont laronnes, mourdriers, + There ben theues, murderers, 12 + Faulx monnoyers, robbeurs, + False money makers, robbers, + Afourceurs de femmes, + Rauisshers of wymmen, + Coppeurs de boursses. + Cuttars of purses. + Les vng pend on; + That one men hange; 16 + Les aultres traynnon; + The othir be drawen; + Les aultres mettons sur roels; + The othir ben sette on wheles; + Ceux qui coppent boursses + Them that cutte purses + Coppe on les oreylles. + Cutte men the eres of. 20 + Bussyn a a nom + Bussin is named + +[Sidenote: P. 41.] + + Ly bouriaulx de bruges. + The hangman of bruges. + Puis que malefaicteurs + After that the euyll doers + ount gehy leurs meffais, + Haue knowlechid her euyll dedes, 24 + Les a il a mestrijer; + He hath them to mastrye; + Dieu nous garde + God kepe vs + De sa meistrise! + Fro his maystrye! + Baillius, escoutetes[1], + Bayllyes, scoutes, 28 + + [Footnote 1: estoutetes] + + Aulcuns des escheuins, + Somme of the skepyns, + Cheuaucent auecq, + Ryde with, + La on les met a mort, + There as they be put to deth, + Et les sergeans ysont ainsy; + And the sergeants ben there also; 32 + Ceulx qui eschappent + They that escape + Seront banny hors du pays + Shall be banysshed out of the londe + Sur pain dy estre penduz. + Vpon payne to be hanged. + +Ogier le fauconner + +Ogier the fauconer 36 + Aporta des faucons, + Brought faucons, + Oystoires dardane, + Gerfaucons of ardane, + Espreuiers, + Spere haukes, + Quil vendra a montpellier. + That he shall sell at monpeller. 40 + +[[44]] +[Headnote: NAMES: OGIER--QUERYNE. _Woolbeater, Cooper, &c._] + + +Ogier le poulaillier + +Ogier the pulter + A des poules asses, + Hath polettes ynowhe, + Quils ne sont trop cras + Which ben not ouer fatte + Ne trop magre. + ne ouer lene. 4 + + + ++Pyere le bateure de laine + ++PEter the betar of wulle + Va tout oyseux, + Gooth alle ydle, + Car son doyen + For his dene + Lui a deffendu son mestier + Hath forboden hym his craft 8 + Sour lamende de vingt solz, + Vpon thamendes of xx. shelyngs, + Jusques a dont[1] quil aura[2] + Till that he shall haue + Achatte sa franchise. + Bought his franchyse. + + [Footnote 1: dout] + + [Footnote 2: anra] + + Il sen plaindra + He shall complaine hym 12 + Au burchmaistre, + Unto bourghmaistre, + Et les gardiens des mestiers + And the wardeyns of the crafte + Nen font compte. + sette not therby. + +Poul le cuuelier + +Poule the couper 16 + Faict et refaict les cuues, + Maketh and formaketh the keupis, + tonniaulx, vaissiaux + Barellis, vessellis + Courans et gouttans. + Lekyng and droppyng. + +Paulin le mesureur de bled + +Paulyn the metar of corne 20 + A tant mesure + Hath so moche moten + De bled et de mestelon + Of corne and of mestelyn + Quil ne peult plus de viellesse; + That he may no more for age; + +[Sidenote: P. 42.] + + Il est tout gryse. + He is alle graye. 24 + Il donna a chescun sa mesure. + He gyueth to euerich his mesure. + +Pieronne sa filleule + +Pieryne his doughter + Est la pieure garce + Is the shrewest ghyrle + Que ie sache de cha la mere. + That I knowe on this side the see. 28 + + + ++QUintin le tollenier + ++QVyntyne the tollar + A pris de moy + Hath taken of me + Vng liure de gros + A pound of grotes + Plus quil ne debuoit prendre + More than he ought to take 32 + Du droit[3] tonlieu; + Of right tolle. + + [Footnote 3: troit] + + Sy me trayeray + So shall I drawe me + Au recepueur + Vnto the receyuour + Pour men droit requerre. + For my right to requyre. 36 + +Quirin le detier + +Queryne the dysemaker + Vendt ses dees + Selleth his dyse + Ainsi qui veult a prest argent; + As he wyll for redy money; + Cest bonne marchandise. + Hit is good marchandyse. 40 + + +[[45]] +[Headnote: NAMES: ROBERT--RANDOLF. _Carrier, Handworker, &c._] + + ++RObert le messagier + ++RObert the messager + Est enuoyes au roy, + Is sent to the kynge + A tout deux paires de lettres + With two paire of lettres + Sellees du seal royal. + Sealed with the kynges seal. 4 + +Roberte la cerenceresse + +Roberte the heklester + Na plus de channeue, + Hath no more hempe, + Et a perdu sa cerench; + And hath lost her hekell; + Elle vendra son lin. + She shall selle her flaxe. 8 + +Richaert le veytier + +Rychard the carier + (+Richier le chareton) + (+Richer the cartar) + Menra du fien sur ma terre + Shall lede dong on my land + Quand elle sera ahanne, + Whan it shall be ered, 12 + Et sur mon courtil + And on my herber + Quand il sera fouys, + Whan it shall be doluen, + Et au gardin + And in to the orchard + Entour les arbres. + Aboute the trees. 16 + +Rolland le mainouurier + +Rolande the handwerker + Fera mon prayel, + Shall make my pryelle, + Vne soif entour. + An hegge aboute. + +Rogier le coustre + +Roger the sextayn 20 + Est a auignon, + Is at auinion, + Pour empetrer + For to gete + Vne cure, vne chapelrie; + A cure, a fre chapell; + Voire se dieu plaist. + Ye truly, yf god wyll. 24 + +Rainier le esquier + +Reyner the squyer + +[Sidenote: P. 43.] + + Est aus Joustes, + Is atte Justes, + Aux tournoys, acompaignie + At the tornoye, acompanyed + Tres honnourablement; + Right worshipfully; 28 + Il a mon rouchin, + He hath my coursour, + Mon palefroy, mon destrier, + My palfreye, my stede, + Mes lances. + My speres. + Il aura le pris. + He shall haue the prys. 32 + +Raulle le changier + +Randolf the changer + A sys a change trente ans. + Hath seten in the change xxx. yere. + Les monnoyes sont bien desirees, + The moneyes ben well desired, + Si que les gens se mettent en peril + So that folke put hem in peryll 36 + Destre dampnes. + To be dampned. + Cest grand folye + It is grete folye + De donner le eternalite + For to gyue the eternalite + Pour le temporalite. + For the temporalte. 40 + + +[[46]] +[Headnote: NAMES: WALTER--YSAAC. _Brushmaker, Currier, &c._] + + ++WAultier le paternostrier + ++Walter the paternoster maker + Vend a le dedicasse + Solde at the dedicacion + Paternosters de cristal, + Bedes of cristall, + Par dousaines en gros, + By doseyns in grete, 4 + Dambre, de voire, et de cornes. + Of ambre, of glas, and of hornes. + +Willame le rammonier + +William the brusshemaker + Vendt les rammons par loysir. + Selleth the brusshes by leyzer. + Ce poise moy; ie vouldroye + Wo is me; I wolde 8 + Quil le vendisist bien. + That he solde well. + +Valerien le tenneur + +Valeryen the tawyer + A moult dauantage + Hath moche auantage + En ce quil vend cuyr, + In that that he selleth lether, 12 + Car il le tanne meisme. + For he taweth hymselfe. + +Walram le coureur + +Walram the coryer + Faict vng ort mestier. + Dooth a foul crafte. + Il pute aual la maison; + He stynketh after the hous; 16 + Il coure ses piaulx + He coryeth his hydes + De saing de herencs. + With sayme of heryngs. + +Vaast le vairrier + +Vedast the graywerker + Vendi orains a madame + Solde whiler to my lady 20 + Vne pelice de vaire + A pylche of graye + Et de bonnes fourrures. + And of good furres. + +Wauburge le pelletiere + +Wauburge the pilchemaker[1] + Refaicte vng plice bien; + Formaketh a pylche well; 24 + Aussi faict son baron. + So doth her husbonde. + + [Footnote 1: piclh-] + + + ++Xpristien le gorlier + ++Xpristrian the colermaker + Me faict ung goriel; + Maketh to me a coler; + +[Sidenote: P. 44.] + + Dont aray deux goriaulx + Than shal I haue two coliers 28 + Pour mes cheuaulx de querue. + For my horses of the plowh. + +Xpristiene la fylle + +Xpristine the doughter + Se plaint du serrurier, + Complayned her of the lokyer, + Pour ce quil nye + By cause that he denyeth 32 + Dun enfant quil gaigna. + Of a child that he wan. + + + ++YZores le hugiers + ++Ysores the Joynar + Fist le forcier de mamye, + Made a forcer for my loue, + Sa luysel, son escrijn. + Her cheste, hir scryne[2]. 36 + + [Footnote 2: scyrne] + + +Ysaac le vigneron + +Ysaac the wyneman + Yra as vignes. + Shall to the vyneyerd. + Il me souhaidera des crappes; + He shall weeshe me of the grapes; + Car en les vignes + For in the vyneyerd 40 + +[[47]] +[Headnote: NAMES: _Kettlemaker, Proctor, &c._ GOD IS MERCIFUL.] + + Gaignera il asses. + He shall wyn[n]e ynowh. + +Ysaac le chauderlier + +Ysaac the ketelmaker + Donne quatre chaudrons, + Gyueth four ketellis, + Contenant douze galons chescun, + Conteynyng twelue galons euerich, 4 + Pour quarant gros le piece. + For fourty grotes the pece. + Et le bon chandelliere + And the good candelmaker + Donne quatre chandeylles de sieu[1] + Gyueth foure talow candellis + Pour vng denier le piece. + For one peny the pece. 8 + + [Footnote 1: sleu] + + + ++ZAchare le procureur + ++ZAchare the proctour + Mapporte vne sommonce; + Hath brought me a sommonce; + Car iay faicte sommondre + For I haue to do somone + +Ierome le barbier; + +Iherome the barbour; 12 + Ie playderay encontre luy. + I shall plete ayenst hym. + +Iosse le parceminier + +Iosse the parchemyn maker + Me vendi vne piel parcemyn + Solde me a skyn of parchemyn + Qui tout flua, + That alle flued, 16 + Et vne couuerture de franchin + And a coueryng of franchyn + Rees a vng les, + Shauen on the one syde, + Qui riens ne valoit, + Whiche nought was worth, + Que ie ny puis sus escripre. + That I myght not write vpon. 20 + Va querre vne ponce[2] + Goo fecche a pomyce + Et du meillour papier, + And of the best papier, + Mon caniuet, mes forcettes. + My penknyf, my sheris. + + [Footnote 2: pouce] + + Iescripray vne lettre damours; + I shall write a lettre of loue, 24 + Se lenuoyeray a mamye. + And shall sende it to my loue. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. IX.]] + + ++Je suy tout lasses + ++I am alle wery + De tant de noms nommer + Of so many names to name + De tant de mestiers, + Of so many craftes, 28 + Tant doffices, tant deseruices; + So many offices, so many seruises; + +[Sidenote: P. 45.] + + Je me veul reposer. + I wyll reste me. + + + ++Encore dont, pour ralongier + ++Neuertheless, for to lengthe + Ce que iay comenciet, + That whiche I haue begonne, 32 + Diray ie du meilleur: + I shall saye the beste: + Cest que dieu nous crea + That is, that god hath made vs + A la samblance + Vnto the lykenes + De luy mesmes. + Of hym selfe. 36 + Je dy au commencement, + I saye atte begynnyng, + Qui bien fera bien aura. + Who doth well shall well haue. + Dieu est misericors, + God is mercyfull, + Et si est iuste; + And so he is rightfull; 40 + +[[48]] +[Headnote: SERVE OUR LORD AND THE SAINTS.] + + Il a mercy des pecheurs + He hath mercy of the synnars + Qui cognoistre se veullent; + Which hem selfe wyll knowe; + De ceulx qui ont repentance, + Of them that haue repentaunce, + Qui fasse vraye confession, + Which make verry confession, 4 + Et leur penance parfacent + And theyr penaunce fuldoo + Que le confesseur leurs charge. + That the confessour them charge. + Et le faulx mauuais, + And the false euyll, + Que damender nont cure, + That to amende them recche not, 8 + Selon la saincte escripture, + After the holy scripture, + Sont en auenture de perir. + Ben in aduenture to perysshe. + Pour ce est il mal aduises + Therfore he is euyll aduised + Qui nauret le[1] sent + That wounded hym selfe feleth 12 + En peril de mort, + In peryll of deth, + + [Footnote 1: ? se] + + Sil ne prend remede + Yf he take not remedye + Quand il le scet ou trouuer. + Whan he knoweth wher to fynde. + On dist qui sert nostre seigneur, + Men saye who serueth our lord, 16 + Et la vierge marie, + And the mayde marye, + Les sains apostles, + The holy apostles, + Les[2] quatre euangelistes, + The foure euangelistes, + + [Footnote 2: Le] + + Angeles et archangeles, + Angelis and archangelis, 20 + Prophetes et martirs, + Prophetes and martris, + Patriarces, confesseurs, + Patriarkis, confessours, + Sainttes viergenes, + Holy virgynes, + Sainctes vesues, + Holy wedowes, 24 + Saints innocens-- + Holy innocentes-- + Ces saints et sainctes-- + These saynctes-- + Il attend bon loijer + He attendeth good reward + Enuers dieu par leurs priers. + Anenst god by theyr prayers. 28 + On doibt oyr messe + Men ought to here masse + Et touttes les heures du iour; + And all the houres of the day; + Qui en est aysies au moins. + Whiche is at his ease atte leste. + +[Sidenote: P. 46.] + + Aller veoir le sacrament + Goo see the sacrament 32 + Est vng bon desiunement. + Is a good brekefast. + Se vous debues + Yf ye owe + Aucunes pelerinages, + Ony pylgremages, + Si les payes hastiuement. + So paye them hastely. 36 + Quand vous estes meus + Whan ye be meuyd + Pour aller vostre voyage, + For to goo your viage, + Et vous ne scaues le chemin, + And ye knowe not the waye, + Si le demandes ainssi[3], + So axe it thus, 40 + + [Footnote 3: amssi] + +[[49]] +[Headnote: TRAVEL TALK. LODGING FOR HORSE AND MAN.] + + En commandant les gens a dieu: + In comandyng the peple to god: + 'A dieu, bonnes gens; + 'To god, goode peple; + Ie men voie a sainct Jaques, + I goo to saynt James, + A nostre dame de boulogne. + To our lady of boloyne. 4 + A la quelle porte ysseray ie, + At whiche gate shall I goo out, + Et a quelle main + And at whiche hande + Prenderay ie mon chemyn?'" + Shall I take my way?'" + A le main dextre, + On the right hande, 8 + Quand vous venres a vng pont, + Whan ye come to a brigge, + Si les passes; + So goo ther over; + Vous trouueres vne voyette + Ye shall fynde a lytill waye + A le main senestre, + On the lyfte honde, 12 + Qui vous menra en vne contre + Whiche shall brynge you in a contre + La vous verres sur vne eglise + There shall ye see vpon a chirche + Deux haultes clocquiers; + Two hye steples; + De la aurez vous + Fro thens shall ye haue 16 + Que quatre lieuwes + But four myle + Iusques a vostre gyste. + Vnto your loggyng. + La seres vous bien aisies + There shall ye be well easyd + Pour vostre argent, + For your money, 20 + Et se y aures bon hostel. + And ye shall haue a good Jnne. + "Dame, dieu y soit!" + "Dame, god be here!" + "Compain, vous soies bien venus." + "Felaw, ye be welcome." + "Poroye ie auoir + "May I haue 24 + Ung licte chyens? + A bedde here withinne? + Pourray ie cy herbegier?" + May I here be logged?" + "Oyl, bien et nettement, + "Ye, well and clenly, + Si fussies vous dousisme[1], + Alle were ye twelue, 28 + tout a cheual." + Alle on horseback." + + [Footnote 1: donsisme] + + "Nennil,[2] fors que nous trois. + "Nay, but we thre. + A il a mengier chy ens?" + Is there to ete here within?" + + [Footnote 2: Nenuil] + + "Oyl, asses, dieu mercy." + "Ye, ynough, god be thanked." 32 + "Apportes nous ent. + "Brynge it to vs. + +[Sidenote: P. 47.] + + Donnes du fain as cheuaulx, + Gyue heye to the hors, + Et les estraines bien; + And strawe them well; + Mais quils soient abuures." + But that they be watred." 36 + "Dame que debuons nous? + "Dame what owe we? + Nous avons este bien aise. + We have ben well easyd. + Nous compterons demain, + We shall rekene to morow, + Et payerons aussi, + And shall paye also, 40 + +[[50]] +[Headnote: AT THE INN. A NUMBER-BOOK TO BE WRITTEN.] + + Que vous vous en loeres. + That ye shall hold you plesid. + Menes nous couchier; + Brynge vs to slepe; + Nous sommes lasses." + We ben wery." + "Bien, ie voye, vous reposeres. + "Well, I goo, ye shall reste. 4 + Iannette, alumes le chandeille; + Ienette, lyghte the candell; + Si les menes la sus + And lede them ther aboue + Ou soler deuant; + In the solere tofore; + Si leur porte de liauwe chaude + And bere them hoot watre 8 + pour lauer leurs pieds; + For to wasshe their feet; + Si les couure de coussins. + And couere them with quysshons. + Regarde que lestable + Se that the stable + Soit bien fremme." + Be well shette." 12 + + [Footnote: [? ferme]] + + "Dame, peult on nauyer + "Dame, may men goo by ship + Descy a bouloigne?" + Fro hens to boloyne?" + "Oyl, maintenant il ya + "Ye, now ther is + Vne nef preste plaine de gens. + A shippe redy ful of peple. 16 + Dieu les veulle conduire! + God well them conduyte! + Dieu les amaine a sauuete! + God brynge them in sauete! + Dieu les laisse leur voye + God late them theyr waye + Bien employer! + Well fulcome! 20 + Escoutes! il tonne et esclire; + Herke! it thondreth and lyghtneth; + Y pluyt et gresille; + It rayneth and haylleth; + Dieu saulue les biens des champs!" + God saue the goodes of the feldes!" + "Dieu en puist souuenir." + "God may them bythynke." 24 + Seigneurs, qui vouldroit, + Lordes, who wolde, + Ce liure ne fineroit iamais, + This boke shold neuer be ended, + Car on ne pourroit tant escripre + For men may not so moche write + Quon ne trouueroit toudis plus: + Me shold fynde alway more: 28 + Le parchemin est debonnaire; + The parchemen is so meke; + Il seuffre sour luy escripre + Hit suffreth on hit to write + Quancques on veult. + What someuer men wylle. + + + + +[Sidenote: [CH. X.]] + + ++CY appres vous deuiseray + ++HEre after I shall deuyse you 32 + Vng liuret quon appelle + A litell book that men call + Le nombre, le quel est + The nombre, the which is + Moult prouffytable, + Moche prouffytable[1], + + [Footnote 1: pronffytable] + +[Sidenote: P. 48.] + + Par le quel + By the whiche 36 + On pourra scauoir compter + Men shall mowe conne rekene + De denier as deniers; + Fro peny[2] to pens; + + [Footnote 2: peuy] + + Si en poes retenir + So may ye reteyne + Les debtes quon vous doibt, + The dettes that men owe you, 40 + +[[51]] +[Headnote: NUMBERS AND COINS. THE EPILOGUE.] + + Et les receptes + And the receyttes + Que vous aues rechupt + That ye haue receyuyd + Ou que vous aues paiet. + Or that ye haue payd. + Si commencies ainsi + So begynne all thus 4 + Comme est declare cy apres: + As is declared hereafter: + + + ++UNg, deux, trois, + ++ONe, tweyne, thre, + Quatre, chincq, six, + Foure, fyue, sixe, + Sept, huyt, neuf, dix, + Seuen, eight, nyne, ten, 8 + Onze, douze, treze, + Enleuen, twelue, thirtene, + Quatourze, quinze, seze, + Fourtene, fiftene, sixtene, + Dixsept, dixhuyt, + Seuentene, eyghtene, + Dixneuf, vingt, + Nynetene, twenty, 12 + Trente, quarante, + Thretty, fourty, + Chincquante, soixante, + Fyfty, Syxty, + Septante, huytante, + Seuenty, eyghty, + Ou quatre vingt, + Or four score, 16 + Nonante, Cent, + Nynty, hondred, + Deux cents, + Two hondred, + Mille, Cent mille, + A thousand, a hondred thousand, + Vng million; + A myllyon; 20 + Ainsi toudis montant. + Thus alleway mountyng. + +Vne liure de strelins, + +A pound sterlings, + Vne marcq que vault + A marcke that is worth + Deux nobles[1] dangleter, + Two nobles of englonde, 24 + + [Footnote 1: uobles] + + Vne liure de gros, + A pound grete, + Monoye de flaundres, + Moneye of flaundres, + Vne soulde que vault + A shellyng that is worth + Trois gros ou douze deniers, + Thre grotis or twelue pens, 28 + Vne gros vault quatre deniers, + A grote is worth four pens, + Vng denier, vne maille, + A peny, a halfpeny, + Vng quadrant, vne mite. + A ferdyng, a myte. + + + ++CY fine ceste doctrine, + ++HEre endeth this doctrine, 32 + A westmestre les loundres + At westmestre, by london, + En formes impressee, + In fourmes enprinted, + En le quelle vng chescun + In the whiche one euerich + Pourra briefment aprendre + May shortly lerne 36 + Fransois et engloys. + Frenssh and englissh. + +[Sidenote: P. 49.] + + La grace de sainct esperit + The grace of the holy ghoost + Veul enluminer les cures + Wylle enlyghte the hertes + +[[52]] +[Headnote: A CONCLUDING PRAYER.] + + De ceulx qui le aprendront, + Of them that shall lerne it, + Et nous doinst perseuerance + And vs gyue perseueraunce + En bonnes operacions, + In good werkes, + Et apres cest[1] vie transitorie + And after lyf[2] transitorie 4 + La pardurable ioye & glorie! + The euerlastyng ioye and glorie! + + [Footnote 1: ceste, Blades ii. 133.] + + [Footnote 2: this lyf, Blades ii. 133.] + + + + +LIST OF ENGLISH WORDS + + + +accidents+, books of accidence, 38/40. + +aduenture+: + _in a._, likely, in danger, 48/10. + +after+ (rendering Flemish _achter_, Fr. _aval_), throughout, + 38/2, 46/16. + +Alemayne+, +Almayne+, Germany, 14/17, 22/27. + +Alemaynes+, Germans, 42/40. + +all+, used as adverb, 31/7; + +alle+, with subj., even if, 49/28; + +all halowes+, the feast of All Saints, 28/18. + +alleway+, always, 9/23. + +almesse+, alms, 33/8. + +alouses+, shad, 12/7. + +alume+, alum, 1/26, 20/35. + +amendes+, penalty, fine, 44/9. + +Andwerp+, Antwerp, 18/37. + +andyrons+, andirons, 8/8. + +anenst+, towards, in the sight of, 48/28. + +angre+, refl., be angry, 31/6. + +anone+, immediately, 25/26. + +apostomes+, imposthumes, abscesses, 41/23. + +apotecarie+, apothecary, 19/34. + +appereth+, apperith, 37/34, 38/2. + +arblastrer+, crossbowman, 36/26. + +Ardane+, Ardennes, 43/38. + +atte+, at the, 34/6, 45/26. + +auantage+, advantage, 46/11. + +auaunte+, refl., boast, 30/14. + +auctour+, author, 3/33. + +Austyns+, Augustine friars, 24/5. + +Auynyon+, +Auinion+, Avignon, 22/20, 45/21. + +axe+, ask, 21/16, 33/16, 48/40; + +axed+, 15/36, 33/10. + +ayenst+, against, 31/31, 47/13. + + +bacenet+, bassinet, helmet, 33/34. + +bales+, balls (of alum), 20/36. + +banerett+, knight banneret, 24/33; + _double banerette_, 24/36. + +bankers+, coverings for benches, 7/1. + +barke+, bark (used in dyeing), 34/29. + +ba[r]terye+, pots and pans, 38/26. + +basenne+, sheep leather, 19/26. + +bastard+, a wine, 14/7. + +baylly+, bailiff, 30/10. + +be+, = been, 32/6. + +Beane+, Beaune, 14/5. + +becke+: + _drink b. to b._, drink together (Fr. _bec a bec_). + +bedes+, beads, 46/3. + +Beghyns+, Beguines, 24/11. + +beldame+, mother-in-law, 6/2. + +belfadre+, father-in-law, 6/2. + +Beme+, Bohemia, 22/38. + +ben+, are, 4/31, 13/17. + +benes+, beans, 13/39. + +Benet+ (seynt), St. Benedict, 24/2. + +bere+, bear (animal), 11/21. + +bergayne+, bargain for, 14/28. + +berne+, barn, 40/2. + +Berow+, Bergues, 19/2, 24/31. + +betes+, beetroot, 13/32. + +beuer+, beaver (for hats), 40/39; + +beuers+, beavers (animals), 9/1. + +bileue+, believe; + _I you b. well_, 15/26. + +blyew+, blue, 14/36. + +bocher+, butcher, 37/31; + +bochiers+, 2/31. [[error for 2/21]] + +bocherie+, meat-market, 37/32. + +bocle+, buckle, 21/28. + +boden+, bid, offered, 15/35. + +Boloyne+, Boulogne, 49/4, 50/14. + +boor+, boar, 10/26. + +bordclothes+, table cloths, 8/24. + +born+, carried, 32/3. + +boulye+, a drink, 14/19. + +bourghmaistre+, burgomaster, 44/13. + +Bousser+ (= Fr. _Bourshier_), _vycounte of B._, 24/30. + +brasyll+, brazil wood, 20/18, 34/27. + +brede+, breadth, 16/23. + +brede+, bread, 26/39. + +brekynge+, rupture, hernia, 41/28. + +brembles+, brambles; + +bremble beries+ (Fr. _grouselles_, gooseberries), 13/23. + +bremes+, bream, 12/7. + +brenne+, burn, 30/26. + +briches+, breeches, 8/37. + +bridelmakers+, 1/16. [[error for 2/16]] + +brigge+, bridge, 49/9. + +brocorage+, brokerage, 42/35. + +brocour+, broker, 42/34; + +brokers+, 2/30. + +broun peper+, black pepper, 10/28; + +broun sugre+, 20/1. + +browet+, stew, broth, 10/20; + +browettys+, 41/15. + +broythures+, embroideries, 22/5. + +bueff+, beef, 10/14. + +bukke+, buck, 19/23. + +Burgoyne+, Burgundy, 24/19. + +butores+, bitterns, 10/40. + +buxom+, polite, 9/39. + +by cause that+, because, 46/32. + +byleding+, translation of Fr. _deduit_, delight, 29/12. + +byre+, beer, 14/17. + +bystowe+, lay out (money), 20/20. + +bythynke+, remember, think upon, 50/24. + + +calle+, headdress, 42/18. [[error for 42/17]] + +callyng+, invocation (of the Trinity), 1/5. + +Camerik+, Cambray, 23/19. + +cammelle+, ? for _cannelle_, cinnamon, 20/2. + +can+, knows, is skilled in, 33/13; + see +conne+. + +cannes+, cans (tin), 7/17; + earthen pots, 7/10. + +carier+, wagoner, 45/9. + +castelayn+, castellan (of Dover), 24/29. + +castell+, cattle, 40/1. + +catell+, money, 15/12; + +catayllys+, chattels, furniture, 1/8. + +Cathon+, Dionysius Cato, 9/27; + +catons+, copies of Cato's 'Disticha,' 38/38. + +caudell+, caudle, 14/1. + +Cecile+, Sicily, 22/36. + +certainly+, definitely, 16/1. + +chalon+, ? blanket, coverlet (but used to render F. _calys_, + apparently 'couch'), 7/2. + +change+, exchange office, 45/34. + +changer+, money-changer, 45/33; + +chaungers+, 45/33. [[error for 2/33]] + +chanons+, canons, 23/30. + +chapell+, chapel: + _a fre ch._, 45/23. + +chapitre+, chapter, 14/4. [[error for 15/4]] + +chappelains+, chaplains, 24/7. + +charge+: + _haue no c. of_, don't care for, 31/4. + +Chartre hous+: + _monkes of C._, Carthusians, 24/4. + +chekens+, chickens, 10/32. + +chepe+, bargain for, 10/24. + +chertes+, shirts, 8/37. + +cheruyll+, chervil, 13/32. + +cheuissheth her+, is successful, 42/11. + +chirche haliday+, church feast, fair, 19/7. + +chorle+, peasant, 30/8. + +Cistiauls+, Citeaux, 23/37. + +clarey+, a spiced wine, 14/12. + +clergesses+, members of female religious orders, 24/11. + +cnoppes+, lumps (in yarn), 32/30. + +cobelers+, cobblers, 2/28. + +coddelynges+, codfish, 12/3. + +coffyns+, caskets, 21/33. + +coler+, collar (for horses), 46/27; + +coliers+, 46/28. + +colermaker+, (horse)collar maker, 46/26. + +Coleyne+, Cologne, 23/8. + +commaunde+, commend, 5/21, 6/12. + +complyn+, late evening service, 27/30. + +comyn+, common, 1/17. + +comyne+, cummin, 19/40. + +conduyte+, guide, 5/24. + +confyte+, comfrey (see the Notes), 13/19. + +congres+, conger-eels, 12/8. + +conne+, know, be skilled in, 37/39; + see +can+. + +contre+, country, 5/2. + +conyes+, rabbits, 9/2. + +cool+, cabbage, 13/30. + +cordewan+, Cordovan leather, 19/24. + +cordewanner+, shoemaker, 35/35. + +corffes+, baskets, 38/21. + +corse+, girdle, 21/27. + +coryer+, currier, 46/14; + +coriars+, 1/25. + +coryeth+, curries, 46/17. + +cosen alyed+, cousin by marriage, 29/13. + +cosyns germayns+, cousins german, 6/5. + +couerar of tyles+, tiler, 40/23. + +couercles+, lids, 7/35, 7/40. [[7/40 unidentified error]] + +couerlettes+, coverlets, 6/40. + +couper+, cooper, 44/6; [[error for 44/16]] + +coupers+, 2/31. + +coursour+, courser, 45/29. + +courtosye+, courtesy, 18/16. + +courtoys+, courteous, 5/12. + +coyfes for men+, coifs, 21/38. + +crafte+, trade, 46/15; + +craftes+, 25/23. + +creuyches+, crayfish, 12/15. + +cristall+ (for beads), 46/3. + +crosse+: + _neuer a c._, not a farthing, 15/40. + +cubibes+, cubebs, 19/39. + +curattes+, curates, 24/7. + +cure+, church benefice, 45/23. + + +dame+, lady, 4/33, 15/5, 49/22. + +damoyselle+, +damyselle+, young lady, 4/19, 4/30, 5/29, 15/39. + +dampned+, damned, 45/37. + +Danes men+, Danes, 43/7. [[error for 43/8]] + +dangerous+, hard to manage, cross-tempered, 32/12. + +daubed+, plastered, 40/35. + +dawber+, plasterer, 40/36. + +dedicace+, parish festival, 46/2. + +dene+, dean (of a trade guild), 44/7. + +dere chepe+, high buying prices, 35/34. + +deuyse+, explain, 14/27. + +dight+, prepare (food), 10/28. + +discouered+, uncovered, 40/28. + +do+, = done, 47/11; + see +doo+. + +doctrinals+, copies of the _Doctrinale_ (a grammar), 38/38. + +dokes+, ducks, 12/32. + +doluen+, dug, 45/14. + +donettis+, copies of Donatus's grammar, 38/40. + +dong+, dung, 45/11. + +doo+, as a causative auxiliary, 26/5, 37/21; [[error for 26/25]] + +doo of+, doff, put off, 4/18, 4/20; + +do on+, don, put on, 25/39. + +Dornyk+, Tournay, 18/30. + +doseyns+, dozens, 46/4. + +doughter+, + mistranslation of _fille_, prostitute, 46/30; + of _filleule_, god-daughter, 44/26. + +dresse+, serve up (food), 31/23; + _d. to ete_, prepare a meal, 26/38. + +dyerye+, dyer's business, 20/37. + +dyse+, dice, 44/38; + +dysemaker+, 44/37. + +dystaf+, distaff, 32/27. + + +elle+, ell, 15/15, 32/15; + +thelle+, the ell, 15/8. + +Elzeter+, Alsace, 14/4. + +eme+, uncle, 6/3. + +en+, redundant negative (a Flemicism), 18/18. + +enfourme+, instruct, 9/33. + +enke hornes+, inkhorns, 21/35. + +enleuen+, eleven, 51/9. + +enlumined+, illuminated (of a manuscript), 39/1. + +enlyghte+, enlighten, 51/39. + +enprinted+, printed, 38/36, 51/34. + +entremete+, refl., undertake, 20/40. + +entreprise+, undertake, 3/38. + +er+, before, 26/2. + +ered+, ploughed, 45/12. + +erst+, first, before doing something else, 27/8. + +Esterlynges+, Easterlings, 43/1. + +estre+, Easter, 28/13. + +eternalite+, what is eternal, 45/39. + +eueryche+, +euerich+, everybody, 2/39, 31/1; + _one euerich_, 51/35. + +euyll+, bad (in quality), 40/20; + _e. auenture_, ill luck, 29/10. + +euyll+, badly, 11/12. + +eyrekakis+, egg cakes, ? omelets, 13/1. + + +failled+: + _ye f._, you wanted (anything), 18/4. + +fair syre+, my good sir, 18/3. + +falle+, occur, be met with, 25/11. + +fatte+, vat, cask, 26/19. + +fauconers+, falconers, 43/36. + +faucons+, falcons, 43/37. + +faulte+: + _without f._, without fail, 37/14. [[error for 37/24]] + +fayres+, fairs, 1/19. + +felaw+, +felawe+, as a polite term of address, 4/34, 49/23; + [[error for 4/35]] + _my felaws_, my companions, 18/23. + +felawship+, society, companionship, 31/5. + +feldeseed+, 'field seed,' 20/10. + +fellis+, skins, 19/23. + +ferdyng+, farthing, 51/31. + +ferme+, rent, annual payment, 37/5. + +festes+, festivals, 28/3. [[error for 28/7]] + +feuerer+, February, 27/39. + +fichews+, polecats, 11/18. + +flawnes+, flawns, 12/34. + +flesh+, meat, 37/33. + +flesshshamels+, shambles, 10/8. + +flued+, made the ink run, 47/16. + +folke+, people, folks, 9/40; + _f. of ordre_, members of religious orders, 2/5. + +folye+, folly, 45/38. + +for+: + _for to_, = to (with infinitive), 2/40, 4/5; + _for this that_, because, 32/34. + +forbere+, bear with, defer to, 9/25. + +forcer+, +forcyer+, +forcier+, chest with a lock, 8/20, 36/7, 46/35. + [[error for 8/21]] + +forgeten+, forgotten, 13/2. + +formaketh+, repairs, mends, 44/17, 46/24. + +foryere+, last year, 32/5. + +fourbysshour+, furbisher, 33/26. + +fourmes+, (printers') forms, 51/34. + +franchise+, freedom (of a trade guild), 32/17. + +franchyn+, a sort of parchment, 47/17. + +frere+, friar: + _freres menours_, Minorites, Franciscans, 24/3; + _lewd freris_, lay brothers, Beghards, 24/6. + +fro+, from, 4/1. + +frockes+, = Fr. _sourcorps_, 8/30. + +fulcome+, accomplish (a journey), 50/20. + +fuldoo+, perform, 48/5. + +furmenty+, furmety, 13/40. + + +galentyne+, sauce, 42/24. + +galles+, gall-nuts, 34/27. + +galoches+, overshoes, 35/39. + +ganselyn+, a garlic sauce, 42/26. + +garettis+, garrets, 6/28. + +Garnade+, ? Granada: + _wyn of G._, 14/8. + +Gaunt+, Ghent, 18/28. [[error for 18/29]] + +geloffres+, cloves, 13/35. + +gerfaucons+, gerfalcons, 43/38. + +germayns+: + see +cosyns germayns+. + +Germole+: + _wyn of G._, 14/5. + +ghees+, geese, 12/31. + +gheet+, goats, 12/30, 19/23 (but ghotes, 11/24); [[error for 11/22]] + used as singular, 10/23. + +ghestes+, guests, 42/39. + +ghyrle+, girl, 44/27. + +gloues of yron+, gauntlets, 33/37. + +God+, in salutations, &c.: + _G. you kepe_, 4/24; + _G. give you good daye_, 4/32; + _G. reward you_, 5/14; + _G. late me deserue it_, 5/15; + _G. you haue in his holy kepyng_, 5/26; + _goo to god_ (= adieu), 6/13. + +Goddes peny+, broker's commission, 42/36. + +gogeorns+, gudgeons, 12/16. + +good chepe+, cheap, 15/11. + +goodlynes+, pleasant manners, 18/17. [[error for 18/15]] + +gorelmakers+, horsecollar makers, 2/37. + +gorgette+, armour for the neck, 33/36. + +gramercy+, many thanks, 5/11, 18/11. + +graye+, vair, fur, 46/21. + +grayne+, grain: + _scarlet in g._, 15/1; + _graynes of paradys_, 20/3. + +graywerker+, furrier, 46/19. + +grene of Spayne+, 20/17. + +grene sauce+ (eaten with pork), 10/11. [[error for 10/13]] + +grete+, great: + _in g._, wholesale, 46/4. + +greue+, (of food) disagree with, 11/6. + +greywerke+, furriery, 2/36. + +grote+, groat, coin, 51/29; + +grotes+, +grotis+, 17/21, 44/31, 51/28. + +growell+, gruel, 14/2. + +guldrens+, guilders, gulden, 17/31. + +gyuing oute+, expenditure, 3/9. + + +habergeon+, 33/35, + +haddoks+, haddocks, 12/3. + +halting+, lame, 32/32. + +handwerker+, farm labourer, 45/17. + +happe+, luck, fortune, 29/22. + +hardy+, bold, brave, 24/32. + +haue right+ (= _avez droit_), 15/20. + +hawgher+, heifer, 10/20. [[error for 10/19]] + +heberow+, lodging, 5/31. + +heeryng+, +heryng+, herring, 12/8, 12/9. + +hegge+, hedge, 45/19. + +hekell+, heckle, 45/7. + +heklester+, (female) heckler, 45/5. + +hem+, them, themselves, 45/36. + +Henaud+, Hainault, 24/28. + +herber+, garden, 45/13. + +herte+, hart, 10/27, 41/2. + +herthe+, hearth, 8/6. + +hether+, hither, 31/27. + +heth hennes+, moor hens, 11/1. + +hewke+, a sort of cloak, 16/18; + +heukes+, 8/31, mantle. + +heye+, hay, 13/27. + +Heynewiers+, people of Hainault, 43/7. + +hiere+, here, 29/23, 24. + +hit+, it, 6/27, 9/21, 25/37, &c. + +holde+: + _holde you companye_, accompany you, 26/5. + +hole+, whole, 15/7; + in good health, 35/13. + +honde+, hand; + _take on h._, undertake, 3/38. + +hooled+, holed, torn, 34/15. + +hosteler+, innkeeper, 42/38; + +hosteliers+, 2/30. + +hound+, dog (skin), 41/3. + +houres+, hours (of divine service), 48/30; + see +oures+. + +howsed+, provided with a house, 34/20. + +huues+, caps, 21/37, 42/19. + +hye dayes+, festival days, 31/31. + +hyndecalf+, fawn, 10/27. + + +Janiver+, January, 27/39. + +jaquet+, jacket, 33/40. + +Jenewys+, Genoese, 43/6. + +in longe tyme+, for a long time, 5/1. + +joustynges+, tiltings, 25/2. + +joynar+, joiner, 46/34; + +joyners+, 2/37. + +justes+, tiltings, 45/26. + +Juyll+, July, 28/2. + +Juyn+, June, 27/1. [[error for 28/1]] + + +kalenders+, calendars, 39/4. + +kawdrons+, cauldrons, 7/6. + +kembyth+, combs (wool), 32/21. + +kempster+, female woolcomber, 32/18; + +kempsters+, 2/15. + +kersses+, creases, 13/36. [[error for 13/35]] + +ketelmaker+, kettle-maker, 47/2; + +ketelmakers+, 2/23. + +keuerchief+ (see the Notes), 8/36; + +keuerchifs+, kerchiefs, 43/14. [[error for 42/14]] + +keupis+, tubs, barrels, 44/17. + +kien+, +kyen+, cows, 12/29, 19/21. + +knowlechid+, confessed, 43/24. + +kreme+, cream, 12/38. + + +laces+, latchets, ties, 21/40. + +langyng+, belonging, 1/8. + +lastes+, lasts (weight), 21/13. + +late+, let, 27/12. + +lauendre+, laundress, 31/26. + +lauours+, wash-hand basins, 7/8. + +lede+, lead, cart (dung), 45/11. + +leed+, lead (metal), 21/22. + +lelyes+, lilies, 13/20. + +leneth+, lends, 39/12, 33. + +lengthe+, lengthen, 57/31. [[error for 47/31]] + +lese+, lose, 15/39. + +letews+, lettuce, 13/34. + +leuain+, leaven, 14/20. + +leue+, leave: + _take l._, 5/22. + +leue+, make an abatement, 16/3. + +leuer+, rather, 15/37. + +leuyng+, leaving; + used to translate _relief_ (_de la table_), 9/7. + +lewd freris+, lay brothers, Beghards, 24/6. + +leyzer+, leisure; + _by l._, in a leisurely way (i.e. finding little custom), 46/20. + [[error for 46/7]] + +librariers+, booksellers, 2/23. + +lichorous+, dainty, fond of good living, 33/20. + +loches+, loach, 12/16. + +loftes+, upper rooms, 6/28. + +lokyer+, locksmith, 46/32; [[error for 46/31]] + +lokyers+, 2/36. + +longhe+, lung, 26/28. + +Luke+, Liege, 23/18. + +luses+, luces, pike (fish), 12/12. [[error for 12/13]] + +luste+, desire, 32/36. + +lyef+, ladylove, 29/14. + +lyfte honde+, left hand, 48/12. [[error for 49/12]] + +lynweuar+, linen weaver, 38/9; + +lynweuers+, 2/22. + +lystes+ (translation of _lesons_, settees), 7/5. + + +maistre+, prefix to the name of a physician, 34/38. + +makerell+, mackerel, 12/6. + +maluesey+, malmsey, 14/10. + +mandemaker+, basket maker, 38/19; + +maundemakers+, 2/24. + +mandis+, baskets, 38/21. + +maners+, sorts, kinds, 18/24, 19/36, 38/3. + +marchans+, merchants, 21/17. + +marcke+, mark (coin), 51/24. [[error for 51/23]] + +mareshall+, marshal (of France), 30/2. + +maroners+, sailors, 11/39. + +marte+, market, fair, 19/1. + +Mase+, the Meuse, 12/18. + +masone+, do mason's work, 40/9. + +mastrye+, +maystrye+, rule, 43/28; [[error for 43/27]] + _has them to mastrye_, has them in his power, 43/25. + +matynes+, matins, 27/17. + +mayde Marie+, the Virgin Mary, 48/17. + +mayntene+, keep a stock of, 6/29. + +me+, one (= Fr. _on_), 6/19, 8/12, 12/38, 14/22, 26/12, &c. + [[error for 6/20 ... 26/16]] + +mecop+, poppy; + _oyle of m._, 20/11. + +mede+, mead (drink), 14/15. + +medle with+, deal in, 18/6. + +medleyed+, mixed, 14/34. + +medliers+, medlars, 13/7. + +meesen+, tomtits, 10/37 (a Flemish word). + +membres+, limbs, 27/4. + +Mence+, Mayence, 23/10. + +merceryes+, mercer's goods, 1/28. + +meruaylle+, marvel, 32/31. + +meschief+, misfortune, 29/8. + +messager+, messenger, 45/1; + +messagiers+, 2/32. + +mestelyn+, mixed corn, 44/22. + +metar+, measurer, 16/34, 44/20; + +metars+, 2/32. + +mete+ (verb), measure, 16/29; + +meten+, +moten+, measured, 26/25, 40/15, 44/21. + +meuyd+, moved, disposed, 48/37. + +meyne+, household, 5/35. + +mo+, +moo+, more (as adv. and with a plural), 3/2, 3/34, 11/9, 30/21. + [[error for 30/24]] + +moche+, very, 26/6, 32/12, 50/35. + +molettis+, mullets, fish, 12/6. + +morberies+, mulberries, 13/6. + +mormale+, gangrene, 41/40. + +morreey+, murrey (colour), 14/38. + +mortier+, mortar (kitchen utensil), 26/40. + +mote+, may (in wishes), 4/38, 5/25. [[error for 4/39]] + +moten+: + see +mete+. + +mottes+, hillocks, mounds, 13/25. + +mowe+, be able, 3/22, 11/7, 50/37. + +muscadel+ (wine), 14/7. + +mylnars+, millers, 2/21. + +myntemakers+, coiners, 2/34. + +myte+, half farthing, 51/31. + + +Nauerne+, Navarre, 22/37. + +nayled+, studded with nails, 31/36. + +naylle+, clove (wool weight), 19/13. + +ne+, nor, 10/34, 20/5; [[error for 21/5]] + not, 19/20; + redundant negative, 12/22, 20/4, 29/26. [[error for 21/4]] + +nether court+, farm yard, 40/2. + +neueus+, nephews, 6/6. + +nobles+, half-marks (6s. 8d.), 51/24; + see +ryallis nobles+. + +nokertree+, walnut tree, 13/14. + +noppe+, to burl (cloth), 33/15. + +nopster+, burler, 33/12. + +notes+, nuts, 13/6. + +nothyng+, not at all, 5/18. + +noyeng+, annoyance, harm, 29/8. + + +officials+ (of the church), 2/4, 23/25. + +of the+, +of+, = Fr. partitive article, 10/9, 41/7, 47/22. + +olifaunts+, elephants, 11/19. + +ooke+, oak, 13/3. [[error for 13/13]] + +orfrayes+, borders of gold lace, 36/8. [[error for 36/9]] + +Oseye+, Alsace; + _wyn of O._, 14/8. + +Ostryche+, Austria, 24/20. + +othirwhyle+, sometimes, 40/21. + +ouermoche+, too much, 5/5. + +oughteth+, ought, 40/3. + +our lady in heruest+, the Assumption, Aug. 15, 28/23. + +our lady in marche+, Lady-day, Mar. 25, 28/21. + +oures+, books of hours, 38/39. + +owe+, ought, 37/23; + _oweth to_, is to (do something), 31/34. + +oynementis+, ointments, 41/24. + + +paintours+, painters, 2/25. + +paintures+, pigments, paints, 20/16. + +palfreye+, 45/20. [[error for 45/30]] + +parchemyn+, +perchemyn+, parchment, 2/38, 39/5, 47/15. + +pardon+, parish festival, 28/33. + +parfourmed+, finished making, 33/39. + +partie+, part, 21/2. + +partis+, books on the parts of speech, 38/40. + +partrichs+, partridges, 11/1. + +pasteyes+, pies, 12/37. + +pauntcher+, girdle to hold up the breeches, 8/35. [[error for 8/38]] + +pauteners+, +pawteners+, purses, 36/22, 41/5. + +paynefull weke+, the Passion week, 28/28. + +pece+: + _the p._, apiece, 47/5. + +pelowes+, pillows, 8/35. + +pendants of silke+, ? ribbons worn as trimmings for dress, 21/39. + +penners+, writing cases, 21/33. + +pens+, pence, 3/8, 17/25, &c.; + as a weight, 31/37. + +penyworthes+, wares, 18/1. + +perche+, pole to hang cloth on, 8/28. [[error for 8/29]] + +perchemyn+: + see +parchemyn+. + +peres+, pears, 13/4. + +persely+, parsley, 13/32. + +pesen+, peas, 13/39, 22/11. + +pesibly+, peaceably, 9/17. [[error for 9/18]] + +pesshes+, peaches, 12/7. [[error for 13/7]] + +pestyll+, +pestel+, pestle, 8/28, 27/1. + +pikerellis+ (fish), 12/13. + +pikes+ (fish), 12/13. + +pilchemaker+, pelisse maker, 14/23; [[error for 46/23]] + cf. +pylche+. + +plackes+, placks (Scots copper coin), 17/23. + +plaise+, +plese+, please: + _if you plaise ony thyng_, 5/6; + _yf it you plese you_, 15/16. + +plate+, breastplate, 33/33. + +platers+, platters, trays, 7/30. + +playne+, refl., complain, 31/12. + +plete+, go to law, 47/13. + +pleyers+, minstrels, 2/35. + +plouier+, plover, 10/35. + +polettes+, pullets, fowls, 44/2; + see +poullet+. + +pomyce+, pumice-stone, 47/21. + +Poole+, Poland, 22/39. + +porreette+, leeks, 13/3. [[error for 13/31]] + +porselane+, purslain, 13/34. + +Portingale+, Portugal, 23/2. + +Portingalers+, Portuguese, 42/5. [[error for 43/5]] + +portoses+, breviaries, 39/8. + +potages+, pot-herbs, 1/16; + soups or stews, 20/32. + +potterye+, crockery market, 7/13. + +poullet+, pullet, 10/32; + see +polettes+. + +pourchaced+, obtained, 38/37. + +poure+, poor, 37/35. + +pourpays+, porpoises, 12/2. + +powches+, pouches, 41/7. + +poyntels+, pencils for ruling lines, 21/34. + +poyntes+, tags for dress, 21/30. [[error for 21/40]] + +Poytevins+, men of Poitou, 43/5. [[error for 43/2]] + +preysith+, praises, 32/26. + +printed cakes+, 12/36. + +pris+, price, 26/20. + +proctour+, proctor, 47/9. + +prouostye+, provostship, 30/11. + +pryelle+, meadow, close, 45/18. + +prys+, prize, 45/32. + +pulter+, poulterer, 44/1. + +pultrie+, poultry market, 10/30. + +pursser+, purse-maker, 41/4; + +pursers+, 2/28. + +pybakers+, pastry cooks, 2/34. + +pylche+, pelisse, 46/21; + +pylches+, 9/2; + cf. +pilchemaker+. + +pylle+ (verb), peel (garlic), 27/7. + + +quarte+ (measure: = stope), 7/27. [[error for 7/23]] + +qultes paynted+, counterpanes, 6/31. [[error for 6/38]] + +quysshons+, cushions, 50/10. + + +rapes+, turnips, 13/36. + +raye+, striped cloth, 14/39. + +Raynes+, Reims, 23/9. + +recche+, reck, care, 27/35; + used impersonally (_me reccheth_), 27/18. + +receyuour+, receiver of taxes, 44/35. + +recommaunde me to+, salute for me, 5/36. + +recyte+, receipts, income, 3/9. + +reed+, red, 22/1. + +rekenynges+, accounts, 37/1. + +remeuyd+, removed, 34/20. + +renomed+, notorious, 40/19. + +rente+, income, 37/3. + +rented+, endowed with a stipend, 23/30. + +repreuud+, reproved, 33/4. + +respyte+, truce, 30/4. + +rightfull+, just (said of God), 47/40. + +roches+, roach, 12/15. + +Roen+, Rouen, 23/9. + +rogettis+, red mullet, 12/5. + +Romeneye+, wine of Romanee, 14/10. + +royames+, kingdoms, 29/37. + +ryallis nobles+ (English coin), 17/33. + +rynysshe+, +rynysh+, Rhenish (wine), 14/4; + (guilders), 17/31. + +Ryselle+, Lille, 18/31. + + +Sacrament+, day of, Corpus Christi day, 28/30. + +sad blew+, dark blue, 14/38. + +salewe+, salute, 4/23; + +salewyng+, 4/27. + +salews+, saluts (coin of Lyons), 17/34. + +sallyers+, salt-cellars, 7/32. + +samon+, salmon, 12/17. + +sarges+, blankets, 6/37. + +sauete+, safety, 50/18. + +sauf your grace+, by your leave, 17/3, 28/36. + +sauge+, sage, 13/33. + +saussers+, sauce boats, 7/31. + +sawters+, psalters, 39/1. + +saye+, a kind of cloth, 14/40. + +sayme of hereng+ (heryngs), lard, grease, 20/33, 46/18. + +scallyd+, scabbed, 36/5. + +scoutes+ (Flemish municipal officers), 43/28. + +scryne+, casket, 46/36. + +scutes+, ecus, crowns, 17/32. + +seeke+, +seke+, sick, 11/5, 14/1. + +seethe+, boil, 30/23. + +selers+, cellars, 6/30. + +seten+, sat, 45/34. + +seuen salmes+, books containing the seven penitential psalms, 39/1. + [[error for 39/4]] + +sextain+, sacristan, 45/20. + +sextiers+ (measure of capacity), 1/8. [[error for 21/8]] + +shal wylle+, 3/37. + +shame+ (refl.), to be ashamed, 37/14. + +shelynges+, shillings, 3/8, 15/15. + +shepster+, tailoress, 42/10; + +shepsters+, 2/29. + +shere+, shear (cloth), 32/14. + +sheremen+, shearers (of cloth), 2/15. + +sheres+, shears, scissors, 21/36. + +shette+, shut, 50/12. + +shold+, should (= would), 3/3. + +shrewest+, worst-tempered, 44/27. + +siewet+, suet (renders Fr. _sieu_, tallow), 20/30. + +siluer+, = money, 18/12, 18/19. + +skaylles+, ? flat tiles, 40/25. + +skepyns+, Flemish aldermen, 43/29. + +skowre+, scour, 31/30, 34/17. + +so+, = O.Fr. _si_ (emphasizing a statement), 4/21. + +soden+, boiled, 12/25; [[error for 12/35]] + _wyn s._, boiled wine, 14/11. + +solas+, comfort, 29/7. + +solere+, upper story, 50/7. + +sommonce+, summons, 47/10. + +somone+, summon, 47/11. + +sooles+, solos (fish), 12/4. + +sowers+, sewing-men, 34/9. + +sowned+, rung (of a bell), 30/15. + +sperehaukes+, sparrow-hawks, 43/39. + +speres+, lances, 45/31. + +spete+, spit (for roasting), 31/21. + +spinster+, female spinner, 32/24; + +spynsters+, 2/15. + +sponne+, spun, 32/27. + +spores+, spurs, 25/40. + +spoylle+, 26/37 (see the Notes). + +sprotte+, sprat, 12/5. + +spycier+, grocer, 19/34; + +spycers+, 2/29. + +squyer+, squire, 45/25. + +stall+, stole, 36/6. + +stede+, steed, 45/30. + +Sterbrigge+, Stourbridge (fair), near Cambridge, 19/3. + +sterlyngis pens+, sterling pennies, 17/35; + _a pound sterlings_, 51/22. + +stewed+, heated with hot-air baths, 42/30. + +stewes+: + see +styewe+. + +steyres+, stairs, 14/32. + +stope+, quart measure, 7/18. + +stoppe+, mend (clothes), 34/14. + +stratch+, stretch, extend to, 3/26. + +strawe+, give straw to (horses), 49/35. + +suete+, sweet, 13/17, 35/3. + +surcote+, overcoat, 14/16. [[error for 16/16]] + +suster+, sister, 6/8; + +sustres+, 6/9. + +swerde+, sword, 33/30. + +syre+, +sire+, sir, 4/24, 5/4, 16/20. + +syth+, +sith+, since, seeing that, 17/4, 7; + then, 26/1; + +syth ... sith+, first ... and then, 25/18; + +syth that+, since, after, 32/16. + +syther+, cider, 14/18. + + +taillour+, tailor, 34/1. + +take on honde+, = take in hand, 3/38. + +tapytes+, bed hangings, 6/37. + +taryeng+, tarrying, 14/25. + +tasses+, satchels, 21/32. + +tauerner+, tavern-keeper, 35/17. + +taweth+, tans, 46/13. + +tawyer+, tanner, 46/10; + +tawyers+, 2/25. [[error for 2/35]] + +telle+, count, 17/17. + +temmesis+, sieves, 38/22. + +temporalite+, temporal concerns, 45/40. + +termes of the yere+, 2/12, 28/8. + +Terrewyne+, Terouenne, 23/20. + +tesyke+, phthisis, 41/40. + +that one ... that other+, the one, the other, 35/7. + +theder+, thither, 32/3. + +thise+, these, 13/16, 22/4. + +thornbake+, thornback (fish), 12/4. + +thourgh+, through, 8/26. + +thre kynges, day of+, Epiphany, 28/27. + +tofor+, +tofore+, before, 32/4, 38/7. + +togyder+, together, 33/1. + +tollar+, toll collector, 44/29. + +tonge+, pair of tongs, 8/9. + +tornoye+, tourney, 45/27. + +tour+, tower; + _kepar of the t._, 43/9. + +tournemens+, tournaments, 25/1. + +tree+, wood, 7/34. + +trenchours+, trenchers, 7/32. + +treuet+, trivet, stand for a pot, 8/5. + +Treyer+, Treves, 23/10. + +triacle+, 'treacle,' antidote to poison, 11/31; + +triacle boxe+, 31/39. [[error for 31/38]] + +triews+, truce, 29/38. + +trippes+, tripe, 26/27. + +tweyne+, two, 51/6. + +tyerse+, tierce (canonical hour), 27/35. [[error for 27/25]] + +tylers+, tilers, 2/26. + +tymbre+, do the woodwork of, 40/3. + +tymbre wood+, wood for building, timber, 40/6. + + +valure+, rank, dignity, 4/17. + +vannes+, winnowing baskets, 'fans,' 38/20. + +verdures+, green herbs, 38/20. [[correct line is 13/22]] + +verry+, true, 48/4. + +vessches+, vetches, 22/10. + +viage+, journey, 48/38. + +vnces+, ounces, 21/10. + +vpholster+, old clothes man, 34/13; + +vpholdsters+, 2/17. + +vsuriers+, usurers, 2/25. + +vylonye+, bad manners, rudeness, 29/1. + + +wafres+, wafers, milk cakes, 12/40. + +wan+, begat, 46/33. + +wardeyns+, wardens (of a guild), 44/14. + +wastles+, cakes, 13/1. + +waye+, wey (wool weight), 19/12. + +weeshe+, wish, 46/39. + +well+, will, 26/3. + +wene+, think, 16/14; + +wende+, thought, 11/10. + +werres+, wars, 25/3. + +weuar+, weaver, 31/39; + +weuers+, 2/13. [[error for 2/14]] + +weue+, weave, 31/40. + +weyeng+, weighing, 31/37. + +wherof+: + _if ye haue w._, if you can afford it, 7/14. + +whiler+, a while ago, 46/20; = Flemish _wilen eer_. + +whutche+, box, 8/20. + +whyte mete+, butter, cheese, eggs, &c. 1/12, 12/33. + [[error for 1/13, 12/23]] + +wo is me+, I am sorry for it, 46/8. + +wolde+: + _ye w. saye_, you mean, 30/17; + _I w._, I could wish, 46/8. + +woned+, accustomed, 34/21. + +wood+, woad, 20/38. + +worshippe+, _vb._, reverence (parents), 9/24. + +wortes+, potherbs, 14/2. + +wote+, (I) know, 21/4. + +wrastlyng+, wrestling, 33/5. + +wreton+, written, 25/13. + +wull+, wool, 1/20. + +wullen+, woollen, 14/29. + +wurte+ (renders F. _tercheul_, bran), 14/21. + +Wyllemyns+, Guillelmin friars, 24/3. + +wylough+, willow, 13/15. + +wyndowed+: + _well w._, 6/24. + +wyn[n]e+, win, earn, 46/47. [[error for 47/1]] + +wyneman+, wine maker, 46/37. + +wyte+, know, 18/12. + + +y-asured+, azure-tinted, 14/36. + +ye+, yes, 30/21, 49/27. + +yelde+, render (accounts), 37/1. + +yeres minde+, anniversary, 25/32. + +yeue+, give, 15/24 (but _gyue_, 16/14, &c.). [[error for 16/4]] + +ynche+, +ynke+, ink, 30/23, 39/5; + see +enke hornes+. + +youris+, yours, your family, 5/20. + +ypocras+, a medicated wine, 14/12. + +ysope+, hyssop, 13/33. + + + + +NAMES OF PEOPLE, PLACES, &c. + +(_A few are also given in the List of English Words, pp._ 53-60. --F.) + + + Abel, 26/12. + Abraham, 25/37. + Adryan, 26/16; 27/36. [[error for 26/3]] + Agace, 28/10, Agatha. [[error for 28/11]] + Agnes, 28/5. + Alarde, 26/7. + Albright, 29/28, Albert. + Alemayne, 14/17; 22/27, Germany. + Alfranke, 34/38, Lanfranc? + All Hallows' Day, 28/18. + Aloste, 18/34. + Alsace, 14/4, 8. + Amand, 29/13. + Amelbergh, 29/21. + Amyas, 30/10, Amiens. + Anastase, 29/2. + Andrew, 26/16, 23. + Andwerp, 18/37; 19/1, Antwerp. + Anselm, 26/34. + Antonye, 27/15. + Appolyn, 28/35, a man's name. + Aprille, 27/40. + Aragon, 22/35. + Ardane, 43/38, Ardennes. + Arnold, 27/5. + Arnold of Noirs, 24/33. + Arondel, 24/21. + Ascension Day, 28/16. [[error for 28/14]] + Aspremond, 24/35. + Aubin, 27/10. + August, 28/2, 34. + Austria, 24/20. + Austyn, 27/22. + Austyns, 24/5, Augustinian friars. + Auynyon, 22/20; 45/21, Avignon. + + Barnabe, 31/3. + Bartilmews faire (Smithfield), 19/8. [[error for 19/5]] + Basil, 31/10. + Bath, 18/27. + Baudewyn, 30/1, Baldwin. + Beane, 14/5, Beaune. + Beatrice, the laundress, 31/26. + Beaumound, 24/30. + Belle, 18/33. + Beme, 22/38, Bohemia. + Benet, the churl, 30/8. + Bernard, 30/15. + Berow, 19/2; 24/31, Bergues. + Berte, 31/30. + Bertilmewe, 30/27, Bartholomew. + Bertram, 30/36. + Biauuays, 23/17, Beauvais. + Boloyne, 24/27; 49/4; 50/14, Boulogne, close to Paris. + Boniface, 30/22. + Bousser, 24/31, Bourchier. + Brabanders, 43/3. + Bretaigne, 24/16, Brittany. + Bristow, 18/27, Bristol. + Bruges, 43/22; Brugges, 18/29, Bruges. + Brussels, 18/36. + Bryce, 31/18. + Burgoyne, 24/19, Burgundy. + Bussin, the hangman of Bruges, 43/21. + + Cambrigge, 19/8, Cambridge. + Camerik, 23/19, Cambray. + Candlemas Day, 28/22, Feb. 12. + Catherine, the kempster, 32/18. + Cathon, 9/27, Dionysius Cato. + Caunterbury, 23/6. + Cecile, 22/36, Sicily. + Cecile, the spinster, 32/24, Cecilia. + Chalons, 19/7. + Charles of France, 30/1. + Charter House, 24/4. + Chestre, 23/13. + Christian, the collar-maker, 46/26. + Christine, the seduced, 46/30. + Christmas, 28/15. [[error for 28/13]] + Cistiauls, 23/37, Cistercians. + Clare, the blind, 33/6. + Clare, St., 24/10. + Clarice, the nopster, 33/12. + Clemence, 32/39. + Clement, 32/39. + Clermonde, 24/26, Clermont. + Cluny, 23/32. + Colard, the goldsmith, 31/33; the fuller, 32/9. + Coleyne, 23/8, Cologne. + Colombe, 32/32. + Comynes, 18/32. + Conrad, the shearman, 32/13. + Coventry, procession of, 28/32. + Cyprian, the weaver, 31/39. + + Damian, the armourer, 33/32. + Danes, 43/8. + David, the bridle-maker, 33/21. + Dendremonde, 18/34. + Denis, the furbisher, 33/26. + Denmarke, 23/1. + Dixmuthe, 18/31. + Donaas, the doublet-maker, 33/38. + Dornyk, 18/30, Tournay. + Dover, 24/29. + + Easter, 26/12. [[correct line is 28/13]] + Easterlings, 43/1. + Elias, the painter, 34/19. + Elzeter, 14/4; Aussy, Alsace. + Englishmen, 30/5; 43/3. + Englissh, 1/1. + Englond, 14/16; 17/21, 24, 33; 22/32; 51/24. + Ermentin, the sick man, 34/35. + Eustace, the tailor, 34/1. + Everard, the upholster, 34/13. + + Felice, the silkwoman, 36/20. + Ferraunt, the hosier, 35/40. + Feuerer, 27/39, February. + Fierin, the baker, 35/28. + Flaundres, 17/22; 24/25; 51/26, Flanders. + Flemings, 43/4. + Forker, the cordwainer, 35/39. [[error for 35/35]] + Francis, the draper, 35/9. + Fraunce, 22/28; 24/34; 30/2, France. + Frederick, the wine-crier, 35/23. + Fremyn, the taverner, 35/17, Firmin. + Frenchmen, 43/2. + Frensshe, 1/1; 14/6; 51/37, French. + Friseland, men of, 43/8. + + Gabriel, the linen-weaver, 38/9. + Garnade, 14/8, Granada. + Gascoyne, 14/9, Gascony. + Gaunt, 18/29, Ghent. + Genoese, 43/6. + George, the bookseller, 38/31. + Gerard, the miller, 36/27. + Germole, 14/5. + Gertrude, Gilbert's sister, 39/14. + Gervase, the scrivener, 36/35. + Gervase, the smith, 39/10. + Gheldreland, 24/18, Guelderland. + Gherlin, the kettle-maker, 38/23. + Ghyselin, the basket-maker, 38/19. + Gilbert, 36/24; 39/14. + God, 49/32; 50/17-19, 23-4 (see 55/2). + [[i.e. English vocabulary entries for "God", pg. 55 col. 2]] + Gombert, the butcher, 37/31. + Greek, 14/11. + Guisebert, the bowmaker, 36/24. + Guy, the fishmonger, 37/40. + Guyan, 24/17, Guyenne. + + Haesburgh, 29/28. + Harry, the painter, 39/23. + Henaud, 24/28, Hainault. + Heynewiers, 43/7, Hainaulters. + Holand, 24/28. + Hollanders, 43/7. + Holy Ghost, 51/38. + + Isaac, the wineman, 46/37; the kettlemaker, 47/3. [[error for 47/2]] + + Janiuer, 27/39, January. + Jenewys, 43/6, Genoese. + Jennette, the maid, 50/5. + Jherusalem, 23/5. + John, the usurer, 38/28. [[error for 39/28]] + Juyll, 28/2, July. + Juyn, 28/1, June. + + Katherin, the kempster, 32/18. + Kylian, and his fellows, 39/35. + + Lady, Our: her days in March (25) and Harvest (Aug. 15), 28/21, 25. + [[error for 21, 23]] + Lady, Our, of Boulogne, 49/4. + Lambert, the carpenter, 39/39. + Lamfroy, the tiler, 40/23. + Lancaster, 24/15. + Laurence, the mason, 40/8. + Lenard, the thatcher, 40/29. + Lewin, the brewer, 40/16. + Lincoln, 23/14. + Logier, the felt-maker, 40/37. + Lombards, 43/4. + London, 18/26; 19/6; 23/11; 51/33. + Louayn, 18/37, Louvain. + Lucian, the glover, 40/40. + Lucy, the bastard, 41/8. + Luke, 23/18, Liege. + Lyon, the purse-maker, 41/1. [[error for 41/4]] + Lyons, 17/34. + + Mabel, the tailoress, 42/10. + Marche, 27/40, March. + Margret, 10/7. + Martin, the grocer, 41/12. + Mary, Virgin, 48/17 (_see_ Lady.) + Mase, 12/18, the river Meuse. + Maud, the cap-maker, 42/17. + Maximian, the physician, 41/29. + May, 28/1. + Mence, 23/10, Mayence. + Menyn, 18/32. + Montpelier, 43/40. + Morris, the surgeon, 41/20. + + Naples, 23/4. + Natalia, the bathwoman, 42/27. + Nauerne, 22/37, Navarre. + New Year's Day, 28/26. + Nicholas, the mustard-maker, 42/21. + Noirs, 24/33. + Novembre, 28/4. + + Oberol, the innkeeper, 42/38. + Octobre, 28/3. + Ogier, the falconer, 43/36; the poulterer, 44/1. + Oliver, the broker, 42/34. + Onnour, keeper of the tower and prison, 43/9. + Oseye, 14/8, Osoye, Alsace. + Ostryche, 24/20, Austria. + + Palm Sunday, 28/25. + Pardon of Sion, 28/33. + Parys, 18/28; 23/15, Paris. + Paul, the cooper, 44/16. + Paulin, the corn-meter, 44/20. + Peter, the wool-beater, 44/5. + Philipote, the thieving maid, 36/5. + Pieryne, Peter's daughter, 44/26. + Poole, 22/39, Poland. + Poperyng, 18/33. + Portingale, 23/2, Portugal. + Portingalers, 43/5, Portuguese. + Poytevyns, 43/2, folk of Poitou. + Premonstrence, 23/40, Premonstratenses. + Procession-Days, 28/31-2. + + Querine, the dice-maker, 44/37. + Quintine, the toll-taker, 44/29. + + Randolf, the money-changer, 45/33. + Reyner, the squire, 45/25. + Reynes, 23/9, Reims. + Richard, the carter, 45/10. + Richard, the currier, 45/9. + Robert, the messenger, 45/1. + Roberte, the she-heckler, 45/5. + Roen, 18/28; 23/9, Rouen. + Roger, the sacristan, 45/20. + Roland, the handworker, 45/17. + Rome, 22/19, 22. + Romeneye, 14/10, Romanee (?). + Rynyssh, 14/4; 17/31, Rhenish. + Ryselle, 18/31, Lille. + + Sacrament Day, 28/30. + Salesbury, 19/4, Salisbury. + Scotland, 23/3. + Scots, 30/6; 43/6. + Senlys, 23/16. + Septembre, 28/3. + Shrovetide, 28/24. + Skepyns, 43/29; Eschevins (_see_ 59/1). + [[i.e. English vocabulary entry "skepyns (Flemish aldermen)", + pg. 59 col. 1]] + Spaniards, 43/5. + Spayne, 14/6; 20/17, Spain. + St. Bartholomew's Fair, 19/5. + St. Benet, 24/2, St. Benedict. + St. Bernard, 23/38. + St. Christopher's Day, 28/20. + St. Clare, 24/10. + St. James, 49/3. + St. John, 28/15. + St. Kylian, 39/35. + St. Martin's Mass, 28/19. + St. Omers, 18/35. + St. Peter's Day, 28/16. + St. Pol, 24/27. + St. Remigius, 28/17. + Stephen, the glazier, 34/30. + Sterbrigge, 19/3, Stourbridge. + + Terrewyn, 23/20, Touraine. + Three-Kings' Day, 28/27. + Thursday, 38/16. + Treyer, 23/10, Treves. + Trinity term, 28/15. + + Valensynes, 18/35, Valenciennes. + Valerian, the tawyer, 46/10. + Vedast, the furrier, 46/19. + + Walburge, the pilch-maker, 46/23. + Walram, the currier, 46/14. + Walter, the paternoster-maker, 46/1. + Westmestre, 19/9; 51/33, Westminster. + Whitefriars, 42/33. + Whitsuntide, 28/16. + William, the brushmaker, 46/5. [[error for 46/6]] + Winchester, 23/12. + Wyllemyns, 24/3, Guillelmins, friars. + + Xpristian, Xpristine, 46/26, 30, Christian, Christine. + + York, 18/26; 23/7; 24/12; 28/31 (procession). [[error for 24/14]] + Ypre, 18/30, Ypres. + Ysaac, the wyneman, 46/37; the kettlemaker, 47/3. [[error for 47/2]] + Ysores, the joiner, 46/34. + + Zachary, the proctor, 47/9. + + + + +LIST OF FRENCH WORDS + +(_For the modern meanings of Caxton's englishings, see the 'List of +English Words,' pp._ 53-60 _above_.) + + + +a+, 47/18, on. + +a+ b c, 2/11. + +abbes+, 2/4, abbotes. + +abuures+, 49/36, watred. + +accidens+, 38/40, accidents. + +acertes+, 16/1, certainly. + +achates+, 10/9, bye. + +acheuee+, 38/15, ended. + +achier+, 21/22, steell. + +acompaignie+, 45/27, acompanyed, + +acompter+, 3/7, rekene. + +acquite+, 37/29, acquite. + +a+ dieu, 49/2, to god. + +aduiegne+, 36/18, come. + +aduises+, 48/11, aduised. + +affiert+, 4/8, behoueth. + +afourceurs+, 43/14, rauisshers. + +ahanne+, 45/12, ered. + +ahontier+, 37/14, shame. + +aies+, 4/39, haue. + +aigles+, 11/24, eygles. + +ailleurs+, 3/30, somwhere els. + +ainchois+, 26/2, er; + 27/8, erst. + +ainsi+, 5/23, thus. + +aisies+, 49/19, easyd (_see_ aysies). + +al+, 27/11, at the. + +ale fois+, 18/22, othir while. + +alesnes+, 21/34, alles. + +allez+, 5/27, goo. + +alme+, 16/27, soule. + +aloses+, 12/7, alouses. + +alouwes+, 11/2, larkes. + +aloyeres+, 21/32, pawteners. + +alumes+, 50/5, lyghte. + +alun+, 20/35, alume. + +amaine+, 25/25, bryng. + +amandes+, 13/9, almandes. + +amenra+, 40/10, shal brynge. + +ameroie mieulx+, 15/37, had I leuer. + +amye+, 4/35, frende; + 29/14, lyef. + +angeles+, 48/20, angelis. + +anguilles+, 12/12, eelis. + +anijs+, 20/3, anyse. + +annettes+, 10/38, doukes. + +annyuersaire+, 25/32, yeres mynde. + +anthan+, 32/5, foryere. + +aoust+, 28/23, heruest. + +apostles+, 48/18, apostles, + +apostumes+, 41/23, apostomes. + +apotecaires+, 1/22, apotecaries. + +apparaillies+, 4/15, redy. + +appelle+, 16/34, called. + +appertient+, 8/6, belongeth. + +appiert+, 37/34, appereth. + +apportes+, 29/32, brynge. + +aprendre+, 1/4, lerne. + +apres+, 11/33, herafter. + +aprise+, 29/16, taught. + +Apuril+, 27/40, April. + +arain+, 21/23, bras. + +arblastriers+, 36/26, arblastrers. + +arbres+, 13/10, trees. + +arceniers+, 2/20, boumakers. + +archangeles+, 48/20, archangelis. + +archeuesques+, 2/4, archebisshops. + +arcs+, 36/25, bowes. + +arde+, 30/26, (that it) brenne. + +argent+, 18/12, siluer. + +armoyer+, 33/32, armorer. + +arrester+, 26/8, tarieng. + +artetique+, 42/7, goute. + +asnes+, 11/20, asses. + +assaye+, 26/18, assayed. + +assemble+, 39/32, gadred to gedyr. + +asseoir+, 8/5, to sette. + +asses+, 29/20, ynough. + +asuret+, 14/36, y-asured. + +attendre+, 14/25, taryeng. + +aual+, 1/8, langyng; + 6/19, after. + +auantage+, 46/11, auantage. + +auaynne+, 22/10, otes. + +aucteur+, 3/33, auctour. + +aucunes+, 48/35, ony. + +auenture+, 29/10, auenture. + +aueugle+, 33/6, blynde. + +auiourdhuy+, 32/7, this day. + +aulmosne+, 33/8, almesse. + +aulnes+, 16/21, elles. + +aultrement+, 37/24, othirwyse. + +aultres+, 9/6, othir. + +aulx+, 8/25, garlyk. + +aunte+, 6/3, aunte. + +aurain+, 32/19, right now (_see_ orains). + +aussi+, 49/40, also. + +auwes+, 10/38, ghees. + +aysies+, 48/31, at his ease (_see_ aisies). + + +bachinnet+, 33/34, bacenet. + +bachins+, 7/8, basyns. + +bachon+, 10/23, bacon. + +baillies+, 17/13, gyue. + +bailly+, 30/10, baylly. + +balainnes+, 12/2, whales. + +ballances+, 21/11, balances. + +balles+, 20/36, bales. + +bancs+, 7/4, benches. + +banerets+, 24/33, banerett. + +bankers+, 7/1, bankers. + +banny+, 43/34, banysshed. + +barbier+, 47/12, barbour. + +bargaigne+, 10/24, chepe (_see_ bergaignier). + +baron+, 46/25, husbonde. + +barons+, 2/8, barons. + +bas+, 34/36, softe. + +basenne+, 19/26, basenne. + +basse+, 6/31, lowe. + +bastard+, 14/7, bastard. + +bastarde+, 41/8, bastarde. + +bateiller+, 35/6, fighten. + +bateure+, 44/5, betar. + +batteries+, 38/26, baterye. + +baysier+, 32/35, kyssed. + +becq+, 26/33, beck. + +becques+, 12/13, pikes. + +becquets+, 12/13, pikerellis. + +beestes+, 1/9, bestis. + +beghines+, 24/11, beghyns. + +belfroy+, 40/24, steple. + +belle+, 29/18, faire. + +berchie+, 33/17, rocked. + +bergaignier+, 14/28, bergayne (_see_ bargaigne). + +besoing est+, 6/22, it be to doo. + +besongnes+, 6/18, thinges. + +betes+, 13/32, betes. + +beuurages+, 1/17, drynkes. + +beuuries+, 27/9, (ye) shall drynke. + +biau+, 30/33, fayr; + _b. sire_, 18/3, fair sire. + +biaucop+, 36/9, many. + +bien+, 4/39, well. + +biens+, 29/20, goodes. + +bisse+, 10/27, hyndecalf. + +blances+, 13/18, white. + +bled+, 13/40, whete. + +bleu+, 14/36, blyew. + +bogars+ (_? for_ +begars+), 24/6, lewd freris. + +boire+, 28/35, ete (_instead of_ drynke). + +boit on+, 14/22, drynke me. + +bonnes+, 52/3, good. + +borages+, 13/37, borage. + +bordures+, 22/5, broythures. + +boucerie+, 37/32, bocherie. + +bouche+, 29/39, mouth. + +bouchiers+, 2/21, bochiers. + +boucle+, 21/28, bocle. + +bouk+, 19/23, bukke. + +boulengiers+, 2/19, bakers. + +boulie+, 14/19, boulye. + +bouly+, 12/35, soden. + +bouriaulx+, 43/22, hangman. + +bourre+, 6/36, flockes. + +boursiers+, 2/28, pursers. + +boursses+, 21/29, purses. + +bousiaux+, 25/39, bootes. + +bouter+, 37/37, to put. + +boutoirs+, 10/40, butores. + +boys+, 13/22, wodes. + +boysteuse+, 32/32, halting. + +boz+, 7/27, wode. + +braieul+, 8/38, pauntcher. + +brandeurs+, 8/8, andyrons. + +brasse+, 40/17, breweth. + +brasseur+, 40/16, brewar. + +brayes+, 8/37, briches. + +brebys+, 12/29, sheep. + +bresmes+, 12/7, bremes. + +breuiares+, 39/8, portoses. + +brezil+, 20/18, brasyll. + +briefment+, 3/16, shortly. + +browet+, 10/20, browet. + +brun+, 20/1, broun. + +bryef+, 4/25, _le plus b._, the shortest. + +bue+, 14/24, wesshe; + +buera+, 31/28, shall wassh. + +buef+, 10/14, bueff. + +burchmaistre+, 44/13, bourghmaistre. + +bure+, 9/5, butter. + +buuerons+, 26/26, shall we drynke. + +buuraiges+, 14/3, drynkes. + +buuray ie+, 28/37, shall I drynke. + + +cabellau+, 12/3, coddelyng. + +calys+, 7/2, chalon. + +cammelle+, 20/2, cammelle. + +caniuet+, 47/23, penknyf. + +cannes+, 7/10, cannes. + +car+, 9/26, for. + +cardinaulz+, 2/3, cardinals. + +cardons+, 13/28, thistles. + +carmes+, 24/5, white freris. + +carpres+, 12/12, carpes. + +Cathon+, 9/27, Cathon. + +catons+, 38/38, catons. + +cattel+, 15/12, catell. + +catz+, 11/19, cattes. + +caulx+, 40/14, chalke. + +ce que+, 1/4, that which. + +celee+, 37/9, secrete. + +celuy+, 5/9, hym. + +censes+, 37/5, fermes. + +cerenceresse+, 45/5, heklester. + +cerench+, 45/7, hekell. + +certainement+, 5/16, certaynely. + +certes+, 16/5, certaynly. + +cesse+, 34/7, resteth. + +cestui+, 3/29, this. + +cha+, 25/25, hyther; + de cha, 44/28, on this side. + +chaiers+, 7/4, chayers. + +chainture+, 31/35, gyrdle. + +chambre+, 31/32, chambre. + +chandelliere+, 47/6, candelmaker. + +chandeloer+, 28/22, candlemasse. + +chandeylles+, 47/7, candellis. + +change+, 45/34, change. + +changiers+, 2/33, chaungers. + +channeue+, 45/6, hempe (_see_ chenneue). + +channonnes+, 23/30, chanons. + +chapelrie+, 45/23, fre chapell. + +chapitle+, 15/4, chapitre. + +chappelains+, 24/7, chappelains. + +chappon+, 10/33, capon. + +chappron+, 4/18, hood. + +chareton+, 45/10, cartar. + +charge+, 48/6, charge. + +charpentier+, 40/3, to tymbre. + +charpentiers+, 2/27, carpenters. + +chars+, 1/9, flessh. + +chartres+, 36/36, chartres. + +chartreurs+, 24/4, monkes of chartre hous. + +chastel+, 40/1, castell. + +chastelain+, 24/29, castelayn. + +chastoyes+, 9/32, chastyse. + +chaude+, 50/8, hoot. + +chaudel+, 14/1, caudell. + +chaudiers+, 7/7, ketellis. + +chaudrelier+, 38/23, ketelmaker. + +chaudrens+, 7/6, kawdrons. + +chauetiers+, 2/28, cobelers. + +chauist+, 42/11, cheuissheth. + +chault+, 27/18, reccheth. + +chault+, 27/4, hete. + +chausies+, 25/39, do on. + +chausser+, 35/40, hosyer. + +chemises+, 8/37, chertes. + +chemyn+, 26/4, way. + +chenneue+, 20/13, hempseed (_see_ channeue). + +cheoir+, 25/11, falle. + +cherfeul+, 13/32, cheruyll. + +cherises+, 13/5, cheryes. + +cherisier+, 13/11, cherye tree. + +cherront+, 25/11, shalle fall. + +chescun+, 1/7, euery ... othir. + +chesne+, 13/13, ooke. + +cheual+, 25/26, hors. + +cheualiers+, 2/8, knyghtes. + +cheuaucheray+, 25/29, (I) shall ryde. + +chielliers+, 6/30, selers. + +chien+, 41/3, hound. + +chier+, 35/34, dere. + +chieuerel+, 10/23, gheet. + +chincque+, 17/25, fiue. + +chire+, 20/25, waxe. + +chose+, 5/6, thyng. + +chucre+, 20/1, sugre. + +chuynes+, 11/3, storkes. + +chyens+, 49/25, here withinne. + +cierf+, 41/2, herte. + +cignes+, 11/3, swannes (_see_ signes). + +cirurgiens+, 25/9, surgyens. + +cite+, 42/29, cite. + +clarey+, 14/12, clarey. + +clau+, 19/13, nayll. + +claux+, 41/22, soores. + +clercq+, 23/33, clerke. + +clere+, 34/40, clere. + +clergesses+, 24/11, clergesses. + +clocque+, 30/15, belle. + +clocques+, 8/31, clokes. + +clocquiers+, 49/15, steples. + +coc+, 10/34, cocke. + +coffyns+, 21/33, coffyns. + +cognoissaunce+, 4/13, knowelech. + +cognossies+, 4/12, knowe. + +combien+, 16/13, how moche. + +commandement+, 9/26, commaundement. + +commandes+, 5/8, commaunde. + +comme+, 5/9, as. + +commence+, 1/1, begynneth. + +comment+, 1/7, how. + +commin+, 19/40, comyne. + +compaignon+, 4/35, felawe. + +companye+, 26/5, companye. + +compenaiges+, 1/13, whyte mete. + +complye+, 27/30, complyne. + +comprinses+, 3/35, comprised. + +comptez+, 17/17, telle. + +conclure+, 25/20, conclude. + +conduyse+, 5/24, conduyte. + +confections+, 20/4, confections. + +confesseray+, 16/30, shriue. + +confesseur+, 48/6, confessour. + +confite+, 13/19, confyte. + +congie+, 5/22, leue. + +congres+, 12/8, congres. + +conins+, 9/2, conyes. + +connestable+, 24/34, conestable. + +conseil+, 9/27, counseill. + +contenant+, 47/4, conteynyng. + +content+, 16/39, content. + +contesse+, 24/39, countesse. + +contre+, 31/31, ayenst. + +contre+, 49/13, contre. + +conuient+, 6/30, behoueth. + +copee+, 36/15, cutte. + +copies+, 36/39, copies. + +corbelliers+, 2/24, maundemakers. + +corbilles+, 38/21, mandes. + +cordewan+, 19/24, cordewan. + +cordewaniers+, 2/19, shoomakers. + +cornes+, 46/5, hornes. + +cornets a encre+, 21/35, enke hornes. + +coroucies+, 31/6, angre. + +coroyes+, 21/26, gyrdellis. + +corps+, 31/17, body. + +cosynes+, 6/4, nieces. + +cosyns+, 6/4, cosyns. + +cottes+, 8/32, cotes. + +couchier+, 50/2, to slepe. + +couleur+, 34/26, colour. + +coulles+, 13/30, cool. + +coulons+, 10/39, dowues. + +coultiers+, 2/30, brokers. + +countes+, 2/7, erles. + +coupes+, 8/17, couppes. + +courans+, 44/19, lekyng. + +coure+, 46/17, coryeth. + +courechiefs+, 42/14, keuerchifs. + +couretage+, 42/35, brocorage. + +couretier+, 42/34, brocour. + +coureur+, 46/14, coryer. + +court+, 40/2, court. + +courtil+, 45/13, herber. + +courtoyses+, 5/12, courtoys. + +courtoysie+, 18/16, courtosye. + +cousin+, 30/1, cosin. + +coussins+, 50/10, quysshons. + +couste+, 31/10, coste. + +coustre+, 45/20, sextayn. + +coustriers+, 34/9, sowers. + +coustures+, 42/20, semes. + +cousturiers+, 2/29, shepsters. + +cousues+, 36/2, sewed. + +coutieaulx+, 8/11, knyues. + +couuercles+, 7/35, couercles. + +couuertoyrs+, 6/40, couerlettes. + +couuerture+, 47/17, coueryng. + +couureurs de tieulles & destrain+, 2/26, tylers and thatchers. + +couurir+, 6/39, couere. + +coyfes+, 21/38, coyfes. + +craisme+, 12/38, kreme. + +crappes+, 46/39, grapes. + +cras+, 44/3, fatte. + +crasseries+, 1/25, coriars. + +crea+, 47/34, made. + +creuiches+, 12/15, creuyches. + +creusse+, 16/33, trusted. + +crieres+, 35/23, criar. + +cristal+, 46/3, cristall. + +croire+, 35/20, _a c._, to borowe. + +croix+, 15/40, crosse. + +croys+, 15/26, (I) bileue. + +cubelles+, 19/39, cubibes. + +cuide+, 11/10, wende (_should be_ wene). + +cuir+, 7/27, lether. + +cuit+, 14/11, soden, boiled. + +curats+, 24/7, curattes. + +cure+, 11/17, _ont c._, recche. + +cure+, 45/23, cure. + +curer+, 41/38, cure. + +cures+, 51/39, hertes. + +cuueliers+, 2/31, coupers. + +cuues+, 44/17, keupis. + +cuyrs+, 1/21, hydes. + +cy+, 9/10, here. + + +dades+, 13/9, dates. + +dame+, 15/13, dame. + +damoysellys+, 4/19, damoyselles. + +dampnes+, 45/37, dampned. + +dangereux+, 32/12, dangerous. + +debonnair+, 9/39, 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+ 1/4, whiche. + +querir+, 35/21, to fecche. + +querre+, 26/23, fecche. + +querson+, 13/35, kersses. + +querue+, 46/29, plowh. + +queuerchief+, 8/36, keuerchief. + +quidies+, 16/14, (ye) wene (_see_ cuide). + +quierques+, 21/13, lastes. + +quoy+, 19/22, wher(of). + + +racompter+, 5/5, to telle. + +ralongier+, 47/31, to lengthe. + +rammonier+, 46/6, brusshemaker. + +rammons+, 46/7, brusshes. + +raportes+, 3/10, brynge. + +rastons+, 12/36, printed cakes; + 13/1, eyrekakis. + [_Raston_, m., a fashion of round and high Tart, made of butter, + egges, and cheese. --Cotgrave.] + +rayes+, 12/4, thornbaks. + +raysons+, 3/2, resons. + +recepte+, 3/9, recyte. + +recepueur+, 44/35, receyuour. + +recomandes+, 5/36, recommaunde. + +rees+, 47/18, shauen. + +refouller+, 34/16, full agayn. + +refuse+, 28/38, (I) reffuse. + +regarde+, 25/33, beholde. + +regratter+, 34/16, carde agayn. + +relief+, 9/7, leuynge. + +remauldis+, 32/38, cursyd agayn. + +remaysonnes+, 34/20, howsed agayn. + +remede+, 48/14, remedye. + +remesurer+, 17/8, mete agayn. + +remettes+, 4/21, sette (it) on agayn. + +remues+, 34/20, remeuyd. + +rendre+, 37/1, yelde. + +renommees+, 40/19, renomed. + +renteez+, 23/30, rented. + +repentance+, 48/3, repentaunce. + +reposeray+, 22/13, _ ie men r._, I shall reste me. + +reprouua+, 33/4, repreuud. + +requerre+, 44/36, requyre. + +resambloient+, 9/38, (that they) resemble. + +rescourer+, 34/17, skowre agayn. + +respaulme+, 26/37, spoylle. + +respondes+, 5/23, ansuere. + +respyt+, 30/4, respyte. + +retenir+, 50/39, reteyne. + +reubans+, 36/10, rybans. + +reuendra+, 27/25, shall come agayn. + +reynards+, 11/18, foxes. + +riche+, 4/5, riche. + +riens+, 16/3, thyng. + +robbeurs+, 43/13, robbers. + +robes+, 16/12, gounes. + +roches+, 12/15, roches. + +roels+, 43/18, wheles. + +roisin+, 13/8, reysins. + +Romenye+, 14/10, Romeneye. + +rompture+, 41/28, brekynge. + +roses+, 13/18, roses. + +rosty+, 10/20, rosted. + +rouchin+, 45/29, coursour. + +rouges+, 12/5, rogettis. + +roussignoulx+, 10/36, nyghtyngalis. + +rouwet+, 32/29, whele. + +roy+, 22/28, kyng. + +royames+, 29/37, royames. + +royaulx+, 17/33, ryallis. + +royet+, 14/39, raye. + +roynes+, 2/6, quenes. + +roysonnablement+, 3/23, resonably. + +rues+, 4/10, streetes. + +ryuiers+, 1/12, riuers. + + +sac+, 36/34, sack. + +sachies+, 5/16, knowe. + +sacque+, 31/20, drawe. + +sacrament+, 28/30, sacrament. + +saffran+, 19/39, saffran. + +sage+, 29/18, wyse. + +sagettes+, 36/25, arowes. + +saing+, 46/18, sayme. + +sainte+, 3/19, holy. + +sainture+, 21/27, corse. + +salle+, 10/14, salted. + +sallieres+, 7/32, sallyers. + +saluant+, 4/27, salewyng. + +saluer+, 1/7, grete. + +salutations+, 6/14, salutations. + +salutz+, 17/34, salews. + +samblance+, 47/35, lykenes. + +sarges+, 6/37, sarges. + +saulge+, 13/33, sauge. + +saulmon+, 12/17, samon. + +saulses+, 8/26, sauses. + +saulx+, 13/15, wylough. + +sauns+, 14/25, withoute. + +sauoyr+, 6/17, _cest a s._, that is to saye. 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+vermeilles+, 13/18; reed, red. + +vernis+, 20/19, vernysshe. + +verses+, 27/5, gyue (us wyne). + +vesches+, 22/10, vessches. + +vespres+, 27/29, euensonge. + +vestures+, 8/29, clothes. + +vesues+, 48/24, wedowes. + +veult+, 6/29, wyll. + +vey+, 5/1, (I) haue seen. + +veytier+, 45/9, carier. + +viande+, 9/5, mete. + +vie+, 31/17, lyf. + +viegne+, 27/27, come (_passage mistranslated_). + +viel+, 10/19, calfe. + +vierge+, 48/17, mayde. + +vieswarier+, 34/13, vpholster. + +vieulx+, 17/24, olde. + +vigneron+, 46/37, wyneman. + +vignes+, 46/38, vyneyerd. + +ville+, 3/1, toune. + +villonnie+, 29/1, vylonye. + +vin+, 6/29, wyne. + +vinaigre+, 42/22, vynegre. + +virgoingne+, 9/21, shame. + +viscounte+, 24/30, vycounte. + +visette+, 35/13, visiteth. + +vist+, 22/30, lyueth. + +viure+, 29/11, lyue. + +vng+, 16/4, one. + +vngles+, 42/1, nayles. + +vnguements+, 41/24, oynementis. + +voir+, 15/12, ye truly; + +voire+, 27/30. + +voire+, 46/4, glas; [[error for 46/5]] + +voires+, 9/9, glases. + +voirier+, 34/30, glasyer. + +voisins+, 9/19, neyghbours. + +volente+, 10/5, wyll. + +volentiers+, 5/10, gladly. + +vouldra+, 1/4, _on v._, men wylle. + +voy+, 37/35, I sawe. + +voyage+, 48/38, viage. + +voye+, 50/19, waye. + +voyette+, 49/11, lytill waye. + +vraye+, 48/4, verry. + +vrayement+, 4/7, truly. + +vrine+, 34/37, vrine. + +vsages+, 4/28, vsages. + +vsuriers+, 2/25, vsuriers. + +vylain+, 30/8, chorle. + + +wasteletz+, 13/1, wastles. + +wydecos+, 10/36, wodecoks. + + +ydropison+, 41/39, dropesye. + +yeux+, 41/34, eyen. + +ypocras+, 14/12, ypocras. + +yrons+, 39/21, (we) shall goo. + +ysnel+, 4/15, swyft. + +ysope+, 13/33, ysope. + +ysseray+, 49/5, shall (I) goo out. + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + +Format of the e-text: + +The page numbers shown as bracketed [Sidenotes] refer to Caxton. French +and English lines were printed in parallel columns; they are shown here +in pairs, with different indentation. Line numbers are in EETS-standard +multiples of 4. In the original book, variations in line number were for +mechanical reasons such as unusually long lines or to avoid collision +with line-end notes; they have been regularized for this e-text. To +preserve line numbering, all line breaks have been retained. + +Numbered footnotes were printed in the nearest available space. For +the e-text they have generally been moved to the end of the phrase or +sentence. Numbering is unchanged; on pages with multiple notes, the +French (left) side was numbered before the English (right) side, +leading to some apparent inconsistencies. + +Boldface initials are shown with a single + before the word; large drop +capitals are shown with two ++. Mid-word italics, representing expanded +contractions, are shown in {braces}. Elsewhere, +boldface+ and _italics_ +are shown conventionally. Superscripts are shown with carets ^. + +Except for [Sidenote] and similar markers, single brackets are in the +original. + + +Errors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber): + +Introduction + + Il donna [_sic_] a chescun sa mesure. [["sic" notation in original]] + +Main Text + +_Possible errors addressed in the Editor's Notes (end of Introduction) +are not listed here. All names in Chr- (Christopher, Christine...) are +spelled "xprifor" and similar, with "xpr" for Greek XP (Chi, Rho)._ + + 2.10 Et des mestiers... /And of craftes... 26 + [[error for 25: same as preceding Contents item]] + 4.4 Which to hym shalbe good to be bou[gh]t + [[printed with anomalous letter yogh]] + 23.34 That isin the world [[spacing unchanged]] + 28.20 A le saint xp[-o]fre, [[o with overline]] + 30.8 Benoit le vylain / Benet the chorle + 31.26 Beatrix le lauendier / Beatrice the lauendre + [[both sets of initials as shown: expected boldface]] + 49.7 Prenderay ie mon chemyn?'" + Shall I take my way?'" + [[quotation marks printed as shown: editorial error?]] + +Vocabulary Lists + +_As noted above, numbering errors in the vocabulary lists are shown +inline in [[double brackets]]. Not all spelling differences between +Index and body text are listed._ + +English + + +dedicace+, parish festival, 46/2. [[body text has "dedicacion"]] + +fatte+, vat, cask, 26/19. [[. missing]] + +hyndecalf+, fawn, 10/27. + +Janiver+, January, 27/39. + [[no break between H and I/J]] + +stewes+: see +styewe+. [[no entry for "styewe" (42.28)]] + +suete+, sweet, 13/17, 35/3. + [[printed as shown, but in 35/3, "suete" seems to mean "sweat"]] + +thourgh+, through, 8/26. + [[body text and French vocabulary have "thorugh"]] + +French + + +suffiroit+, 30/40, shold suffyse. + [[spelled "souffiroit" in body text]] + + +General note + + Due to the age of this text, many French characters are missing + their accents. + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Dialogues in French and English, by William Caxton + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIALOGUES IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH *** + +***** This file should be named 29214.txt or 29214.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/2/1/29214/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Greg Lindahl and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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