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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Goat-gland Transplantation, by 
+Sydney B. Flower and John R. Brinkley
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Goat-gland Transplantation
+       As Originated and Successfully Performed by J. R. Brinkley,
+       M. D., of Milford, Kansas, U. S. A., in Over 600 Operations
+       Upon Men and Women
+
+Author: Sydney B. Flower
+        John R. Brinkley
+
+Release Date: July 10, 2009 [EBook #29362]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE GOAT-GLAND TRANSPLANTATION ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope and The Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+[Typographical errors, whether corrected or not, are listed at the end
+of the e-text. Boldface type is shown with +marks+.
+
+_Historical Note:_ The Milford facility closed in 1930 when Brinkley's
+Kansas medical license was revoked. He then moved to south Texas and
+established his million-watt Mexican radio station.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: J. R. BRINKLEY, M.D., MILFORD, KANSAS, U.S.A.]
+
+
+
+
+        No. 5 The One-Best-Way Series of
+               New Thought Books
+
+                 THE GOAT-GLAND
+                TRANSPLANTATION
+
+
+    As Originated and Successfully Performed
+      by J. R. Brinkley, M.D., of Milford,
+     Kansas, U.S.A., in Over 600 Operations
+               Upon Men and Women
+
+
+                       By
+                SYDNEY B. FLOWER
+
+
+          New Thought Book Department
+            722-732 Sherman Street
+                 Chicago, Ill.
+
+
+
+
+  Set Up and Electrotyped
+  May, 1921
+
+  Copyright, 1921
+  By Sidney B. Flower
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+
+AUTHOR'S PREFACE                                       5
+
+Chapter.                                            Page.
+
+     I. DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY                         11
+    II. THE PRACTICE, MEN                             17
+   III. THE PRACTICE, WOMEN                           23
+    IV. DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY                      30
+     V. A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT                         42
+    VI. THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS                48
+   VII. PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT                60
+  VIII. A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL             66
+    IX. SUMMARY                                       72
+     X. "THE SPARK OF LIFE"                           78
+
+
+
+
+AUTHOR'S PREFACE
+
+
+Though dealing exactly with a surgical subject, this book is a layman's
+word to laymen. It is an attempt to say to the general public a few
+things about this amazing work of Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford,
+Kansas, which he is debarred from saying for himself in this simple
+form. He has under consideration a book of his own covering the subject
+of Goat-Gland Transplantation, his experiments, successes, failures,
+theories, and conclusions, which will probably be issued during the
+winter of 1922, and in that book he expects to treat his subject
+exhaustively with full medical and surgical detail, in a manner
+acceptable to the medical profession. But, in the meantime, no
+satisfactory effort has been made to tell the story to the general
+public, except in the fragmentary form of occasional newspaper notices.
+The author feels that the chief interest in this matter abides with the
+patient rather than with the practitioner, or, if not the chief
+interest, at least an equal interest. It seems proper, therefore, that
+the subject should be briefly dealt with at this time, while it is yet
+in its infancy, in such a manner that the general public may grasp the
+essentials of what is being done in America in this new application of
+endocrinology. Some attention is paid to the pioneer work of Dr. Frank
+Lydston of Chicago in the transplanting of human glands into human
+beings, but rather by way of emphasizing the fact that Dr. Brinkley,
+with the choice of human, monkey, goat, or sheep glands before him,
+chose the goat-glands in preference to any other for his field of
+experiment and operation, and has never for a moment regretted his
+choice, or seen any reason to alter it.
+
+Without any wish to enter upon a controversy, the author is impelled to
+take some notice of the statement of Dr. Serge Voronoff of Paris, who,
+during his recent visit to the United States, announced that he pinned
+his faith almost exclusively to the glands of the anthropoid apes as
+most suitable for transplantation into human beings, while he lamented
+the natural scarcity of obtainable material. Dr. Voronoff is credited
+with having performed over 150 transplantations upon rams, but none
+whatever of goat-glands upon human beings, and not more than two or
+three of simian glands upon human beings. His statement, therefore, that
+successful transplantation of the glands of the goat into a human being
+is "impossible, and cannot succeed," is empirical, and entirely
+unsupported by any experience of his own in the matter. Against it, and
+completely confuting it, we set the clear conclusions of Dr. Brinkley,
+backed by his unequalled record of over 600 successful transplants of
+goat-glands into men and women, during the past three years. Since there
+is no other human being who has had experience sufficient in this matter
+upon which he may justly found an opinion, it seems to the author that
+only one man, Dr. Brinkley himself, is qualified to speak at all, and
+until members of the medical profession here and in Europe have mastered
+Dr. Brinkley's technique, and learned what to do, and how and why, and
+what not to do, and why not, a dogmatic negative is not the proper
+comment with regard to the question of whether successful
+transplantation of goat-glands can be made upon human beings. If, after
+learning what Dr. Brinkley has learned by laborious experiments,
+continued for years, they find that their conclusions differ from his,
+they will at least have earned the right to speak. But it is
+unreasonable to suppose, in that event, that their conclusions would in
+any way or degree differ from Dr. Brinkley's conclusion that, in brief,
+the implanting of the glands of the young goat into men and women is an
+actual triumph of modern surgery and medical skill, which has resulted,
+in hundreds of cases, clearly recorded, and filed for reference, in
+rejuvenating both men and women; removing impotence from old men; curing
+arterio-sclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, in every case treated;
+curing five cases of Dementia Praecox out of a total of five cases
+treated; curing six cases of Locomotor Ataxia out of six cases treated;
+curing two cases of Paralysis Agitans out of two cases treated;
+restoring normal conditions in one hundred cases of Psychopathia
+Sexualis; bringing about the parenthood of barren women and impotent men
+not yet past middle-age; restoring the function of menstruation or
+regular periodicity to women who have passed through the change of life;
+and, in a word, making good in the cure of so-called incurables, and
+doing something that was never done before, to our knowledge, in the
+history of the earth.
+
+It is not the intention in this little book to follow Dr. Brinkley in
+exact detail through his amazing list of cases of all manner of diseases
+cured by this treatment. His files are open to the profession at all
+times, and the records may be consulted by the earnest investigator at
+the hospital at Milford, Kansas.
+
+The intention in this little book is to cover particularly that phase of
+human longing which asks that the clock be turned back, and that old age
+be deferred.
+
+It is a fact beyond all gainsaying that Dr. Brinkley's operation has in
+truth cheated old age of its toll in very many cases of both sexes, and
+the improvement, or rejuvenation, affects both the minds and bodies of
+those treated by this method; and this rejuvenation is lasting to the
+extent of the doctor's observation. It would be presuming to say that it
+is a permanent improvement. Upon that point no one has any right to
+offer an opinion, because there are no facts upon which to found it. But
+Dr. Brinkley's earliest cases, operated upon three years ago, up to the
+present time have shown no diminution whatever in the good effects
+secured. Neither the women nor the men have lost any particle of their
+increased vitality during this lapse of time. Who can say how long the
+good effects will continue? Dr. Brinkley's opinion is that the
+improvement will run for possibly fifteen years, at the end of which
+time he expects to re-operate upon any cases that show a slowing-down in
+the life-processes, and believes that the introduction of two new glands
+after that time will result in a return of the vitality in full force as
+before. That is his guess of the probable duration of the improvement,
+but it is quite possible that his estimate errs on the side of
+conservatism. There is one assuring and comforting fact, however,
+bearing on this point, which should be carefully noted here, namely,
+when a retransplantation was made by Dr. Brinkley upon a goat which had
+first been cured of old age by transplantation of new glands, which was
+allowed to retain this new adolescence for a year, and was then deprived
+of the glands, causing a speedy return to the miserable condition of old
+age and its ills, and which was then re-operated upon and given two new
+glands, the instant improvement was every whit as noticeable and as
+perfect in this second implantation as in the first. Now it is a
+reasonable inference from this clear-cut result that Dr. Brinkley is
+right in his opinion that a second transplantation of the goat-glands
+into a human being after a lapse of years, when the first implant may be
+expected to have worn itself thin, will result in the same improvement
+in the physical and mental condition of either man or woman as took
+place upon the first implant. This is, in fact, the basis of his theory
+that the normal age of man and woman today can be surely extended from
+the three score and ten limit to possibly twice that number of years.
+You are invited to consider what this discovery of Dr. Brinkley's
+operation, for it is no less than a discovery, would have meant to the
+world in the prolongation of the lives of those benefactors in all
+fields of human endeavor, Literature, Science, Art, etc., if it had been
+known and understood when Shakespeare wrote, when Darwin worked, when
+Rubens painted, and when Patti sang. It will please your fancy to
+picture what might have been, but we have before us the consideration of
+what is, and it is more than comforting to know that we shall deal here
+with the hard cold facts of what is being done today, and will be done
+tomorrow. This is no poet's dream, but the stern reality of a young
+surgeon's work in hospital, extending over three memorable years of
+achievement in a virgin field. Dr. Brinkley has worked out his problem
+alone, save for the devoted aid of his wife, who is also a licensed
+physician. He is today a poor man, and expects to remain so, because he
+has refused every alluring offer made him looking to the establishment
+of this Goat-Gland operation as a commercial proposition on a big scale.
+He is governed by his ethical vows, and retains his independence, but
+the world would call him a fool for not turning his discovery to his
+greatest pecuniary profit. Since he prefers to remain true to his ideals
+in this matter it is for us at least to be thankful, and accord him the
+recognition to which the scientist is entitled who puts his work above
+his profits.
+
+Chicago, April, 1921.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+DR. BRINKLEY'S THEORY
+
+
+We are not privileged to be discursive in a little book which seeks to
+hit the nail on the head in every paragraph, drive it home in every
+page, and clinch it in every chapter, and there would be no excuse,
+therefore, for sketching, even in brief outline, the history of the
+various attempts that have been made, from Brown-Sequard, with his
+Elixir, to Metchnikoff, with his benevolent bacteria of the intestinal
+tract, to extract from Life its secret of human longevity. It has been a
+long quest, and, in the main, fruitless, though it might be said in
+fairness that Brown-Sequard's method of using the expressed testicular
+juice as a medicine, by mouth or injection, for the renewal of youth,
+was probably the true parent of the present familiar method of using the
+extracts of various glands, or the pulverized substance of the glands
+themselves, notably the thyroid and the adrenal, as medicines to be
+taken internally for the relief of various diseased conditions. The
+constant objection to such form of medication is, of course, that when
+the medicine is stopped the good results stop, so that a temporary
+relief is the utmost that can be hoped for from the method. Genius is
+synthetic, elliptic, sudden, but always clear and sure. Dr. Brinkley
+began with a theory, and by no means a new theory. From the theory he
+deduced rapidly, and acted. The results of the acts proved the truth of
+the theory. That theory has been variously stated, its most familiar
+form being, "In all living forms the basis of all energy is sex-energy."
+
+Looking about for facts to confirm or disprove this assertion all
+investigators have been faced with similar phenomena, such as:
+
+When the male fowl is sterilized in order that he may grow big and fat
+for the market later he loses his cock's plumage and gains in weight. In
+the psychic domain the changes are still more marked. The capon is a
+coward, shunning the contest for supremacy. He does not forage for the
+hens, inviting them to feed upon what he has found, but looks after
+himself first and last. He is lazy, sluggish, and selfish.
+
+The stallion is a proud and beautiful animal, and Job's description of
+the war-horse "He paweth in the valley and rejoiceth in his strength, He
+goeth on to meet the armed men!" with its context, is still the best
+word-painting we have of the majesty of the horse in full possession of
+his sexual powers. The gelding is tractable and useful, and the absence
+of the fiery impatience of the stallion fits the gelding for man's use.
+
+When men are castrated, as in the East, in youth, where they are prized
+as custodians of the harem, they are fat, usually large of frame, but
+short-lived. The growth of hair on the head is often scant; on the face
+and body it is altogether missing. The voice is high, partaking of a
+treble quality. When through surgical operation or accident it happens
+that a man is deprived of the testicular glands in youth, early manhood,
+or even middle-age, the same changes follow as in the case of the
+eunuch, the hair on face and body disappears, the voice changes from
+deep to high tone, and mentally the man develops inertia and cowardice.
+Physically, he puts on fat almost immediately.
+
+When women have, for any reason, had their ovaries removed by surgical
+operation, marked changes follow, which vary much in detail, but carry
+certain general similarities. The face and body age rapidly in
+appearance, and there is a slowing up of functions of the organs, with a
+tendency to masculinity in tastes, behavior, feelings.
+
+Noting these and many other phenomena, as many had done before him, Dr.
+Brinkley concluded that the testes of the male and the ovaries of the
+female performed corresponding offices for each sex, generating the
+vital fluids which, when not fulfilling their primary object of
+reproducing the species, were turned back into the blood and absorbed by
+the tissues for the benefit of the individual's physical and mental
+processes. Normal activity of the secretions of the sex-glands,
+therefore, meant, in Dr. Brinkley's opinion, right nourishment for all
+the cells of the body, and right functioning of all the organs of the
+body. The strength and speed of the stallion in health were as much due
+to the right action of the sex-glands as his full-arched neck, his
+blazing eye, or his thick mane and tail. And since the capon and the
+eunuch acquired a cowardice that avoided fatigue, effort, or conflict,
+it was clear that the mental qualities were as directly influenced by
+the testicular secretion as the physical. It followed that the
+well-nourished brain, capable of sustained concentration and clear
+thinking, must necessarily be the brain that was fed by the normal
+activity of the sex-glands, and it also followed that since youth in man
+and woman is the time of matured beauty of face and form in man and
+woman, when sexual secretions are of normal activity, therefore, the
+sexual secretions were mainly responsible for the development of matured
+beauty of face and form. From this it was clear and evident that the
+haggard face, the lined face, the over-thin or the over-fat body,
+phemonena familiar to all of us in men and women who have passed their
+youth, were due in the main to lack of nourishment of the body-cells by
+the seminal fluid, with lack of proper functioning of the organs, and
+resultant lack of proper elimination of waste matter from the system,
+producing that condition of slowing-down of the machine which is a part
+of the aging process of the body and mind of man and woman, as seen in
+all men and all women today.
+
+It is important always that you realize that though we may seem to
+stress the physical improvement in human beings brought about by this
+gland-transplantation, the more important change of the two is the
+mental, and Dr. Brinkley's theory that ALL ENERGY IS SEX-ENERGY means
+exactly that the powerful brain equally with the beautiful face owes its
+strength and vigor exactly to the right functioning of the sex-glands.
+
+We must not be accused here of running to extravagance. It is not stated
+that all human brains are of equal power or can be developed to equal
+power. It is stated that all human brains of unusual power are brains
+that are well-nourished by the testicular secretions, and it is implied,
+with full understanding of what this statement leads to, that if, for
+any reason, there is an interference with this sex-gland activity, the
+unusual brain will cease in a short time to be unusual in its power,
+grasp, and faculty of clear, continuous thought. Similarly it is stated
+that if this unusual brain, after losing its power of sustained
+thinking, is again fed by the renewed activities of the sex-glands, it
+will re-establish its power, and the mind will display its former
+brilliance.
+
+You see how amazing and far-reaching is the application of this
+apparently simple theory that sex-energy is the basis of all human
+energy.
+
+It is, after all, only another way of saying that all things proceed
+from a common source, that Life is One, that Mind and Body derive from
+the same source, that energy is so much an integral of matter, that in
+the final analysis matter is only static energy; since the atom is made
+of molecules, and molecules of electrons, and electrons of electricity,
+or energy.
+
+In saying, therefore, that sex-energy is at the basis of all human
+energy we may quite possibly be trending towards a solution of the
+world-old question of what Life itself is. Some day, without a doubt, we
+shall surprise this secret at its source. At present we are fortunate to
+have discovered, through Dr. Brinkley's careful proving of his theory,
+that human energy, no matter whether its manifestation be physical or
+mental, has a common base of supply, the sex-glands, and that their
+activity determines a brilliant mentality, or a dull brain; a state of
+health, or a state of disease; beauty of form and feature and skin, or
+wrinkles, sallowness and ugliness. These appearances and qualities are
+phenomena which have the same source, or base. Many have felt this to be
+true. Dr. Brinkley alone has had the wit and skill to find the means to
+solve the problem as it should be solved to be of any value to humanity,
+namely, to discover how the inactivity can be changed to activity, how
+the blood of man and woman can be charged anew with the life-giving
+hormones, perhaps, or whatever may be the name of that substance
+secreted by the sex-glands and used by the blood to nourish all the
+cells of the body, which MUST be present in the system if body and mind
+are to continue to function at their best.
+
+[Illustration: DR. AND MRS. BRINKLEY]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II
+
+THE PRACTICE. MEN
+
+
+Dr. Brinkley began his experiments in gland-transplanting upon animals
+in the year 1911, three years before the European War, using goats,
+sheep, and guinea-pigs as his subjects. He ran beyond the limits of his
+resources in this experimental work on animals, which was interrupted by
+his enlistment in the army, and assignment to service as First
+Lieutenant in the Medical Corps. Passed fit for Foreign Duty he was
+nevertheless unable to get across to France, and remained, like many
+another good surgeon, on duty in various southern camps.
+
+Returning to civilian life he took up his quest again, varying a general
+medical and surgical practice by continued observation and experiment in
+gland-transplantations upon animals, leaning ever more strongly towards
+the exclusive use of goats. About this time he heard of the work of
+Professor Steinach of Vienna in grafting the glands of rats, and
+producing changes in the character and appearance of the animals by
+inverting the process of nature and transplanting male glands into
+females, and vice versa, sometimes with success. He had followed with
+the greatest interest also the experiments of Dr. Frank Lydston of
+Chicago, who performed his first human-gland transplantation upon
+himself, an example of courage that falls not far short of heroism. But
+Dr. Brinkley was never favorably impressed with the idea of using the
+glands of a human being for the renovation of the life-force of another
+human being. He was looking to the young of the animal kingdom to
+furnish him with the material he proposed to use to improve the
+functioning of human organs, and more certainly as time passed he drew
+to the conclusion that in the goat, and in the goat alone, was to be
+found that gland-tissue which, because of its rapid maturity, potency,
+and freedom from those diseases to which humanity is liable, was most
+sure under right conditions of implantation to feed, nourish, grow into
+and become a part of, human gland-tissue.
+
+Later we will dwell a little upon some of his results. It is worthy of
+note in passing that his first experiment upon a human being was an
+unqualified success. He transplanted the goat-glands into a farmer who
+was forty-six years of age, happily married, but childless, and one year
+after the transplantation a child was born, who was christened "Billy"
+in honor of the circumstances responsible for his birth. By patient
+selection Dr. Brinkley has found that the Toggenburg breed of Swiss goat
+gives him the best possible stock to use in his gland-work. This choice
+was forced upon him by results obtained by the use of other breeds. He
+found that the Toggenburg goat gave him best results because the animal,
+besides its sound health, carries none of that persistent odor which is
+peculiar to male goats the world over, and which, if shed abroad by a
+human being would make his neighborhood unpleasant. He found that the
+best age of the male goats whose glands were to be transplanted was from
+three weeks to a month. He found that the best age at which to use the
+ovaries of the female goat was one year, because, unlike its youthful
+brother, the female goat's sex-activities are not developed before that
+age.
+
+His method of transplanting the glands into a man is by making two
+incisions in the man's scrotum under simple local anesthesia,
+a practically painless operation, but from this point on the technique
+varies according to the conditions presented by the case. No two cases
+are exactly alike, and Dr. Brinkley performs no two operations exactly
+alike. That is the reason, he explains, why, with the best will in the
+world to teach his fellow-practitioners what to do and how to do it, he
+is nevertheless unable to state in writing exactly what treatment to use
+to cover all cases. It cannot be taught by correspondence, and, simple
+though it sounds to hear it, it cannot be learned by attendance at a few
+clinics. It is delicate in this sense, that if it is not rightly
+performed in the individual case the glands will slough. That means loss
+of time, loss of temper, and the waste of a perfectly good pair of young
+goat-glands. Another very important thing which his experiments have
+taught Dr. Brinkley is this: the glands on being removed from the goat
+must immediately be placed in a salt solution warmed to blood-heat, and
+they must be used on the human being WITHIN TWENTY MINUTES from the time
+they are taken from the goat. No such thing is possible as keeping these
+glands in the refrigerator for twenty-four hours, or anything of that
+kind, before using. The more quickly after removal from the animal they
+are used the more likely they are to take hold and grow. In his men
+cases he uses sometimes one gland, sometimes two; sometimes the whole
+gland, just as it came from the young goat, sometimes a part of the
+gland only, but he leans to the opinion that the gland of the
+three-weeks-old goat gives best results if used entire, without
+trimming. Sometimes he lays the gland +upon+ the outside of the human
+testis, connecting part with part; sometimes he opens the testis by
+incision and lays the goat-gland within the cleft. Very often there are
+adhesions which must be broken down before the goat-gland can function
+rightly. Very often there are unsuspected hydroceles, forming cysts in
+the testicular mass, which must be cut out, or there may be varicocele
+requiring attention. The patient suffers very slight inconvenience; the
+local anesthetic is enough to dull the pain even of the breaking down of
+the adhesions, so that it is at its worst no more than the pain of a
+toothache, and lasts a very brief while. Many of the patients converse
+with the doctor while the operation is proceeding. The pain is
+negligible. The doctor proceeds according to the condition, age, etc.,
+of his patient. He may ligate, that is to say, tie off, the tubes that
+connect with one testis, or the other, or both; he may not ligate at
+all. It will depend upon the result sought, the condition present, and
+the age of the patient. Suppose the patient is an old man in whom it is
+desired to produce rejuvenation; the doctor then will ligate both sides,
+in order that the new glands when they take hold, and begin to feed the
+testes of the man, stimulating these to a new activity, may not be
+overtaxed to the point of excess usage by the patient when he returns
+home and finds himself in possession of a sexual vigor that has been
+unknown to him for many years. This increase in sexual vigor
++invariably+ follows, regardless of the age of the patient. The glowing
+letters on file in the doctor's office attest this. Here, for instance,
+is a letter from a man eighty-one years of age, who says, "I feel like a
+boy of eighteen. This is something I have not known for more than forty
+years. The goat-glands have certainly done the work for me, but I wish,
+doctor, you would fix it so that I could complete the sexual act," etc.,
+etc.
+
+But this completion of the sexual act is exactly the thing that is to be
+avoided in the case of these old men. Remember the theory in the last
+chapter, "All animal energy is sex-energy." The conversion of this
+sex-energy into other forms of energy, physical and mental, is the aim,
+and this aim would be frustrated if these old men were given full power
+to do as they pleased with their new-found youthful vigor. You cannot
+always trust them. That is the purpose of the ligating of both sides,
+making the emission of the semen impossible. The life-force, then,
+having no other outlet, can do nothing else but reinvigorate the entire
+system by pouring its precious fluids into the blood.
+
+Suppose, now, the case is that of a man of fifty who is physically run
+down, married, and anxious to be the father of a child. In such a case,
+if the man is physically sound, Dr. Brinkley will do one of two things.
+After the transplantation of the new glands he will either ligate one
+side permanently, and allow one testis to carry on the work of
+rejuvenation while the other can be used for procreation, or he will
+ligate both sides and say to the man, "I am tying off both testes
+because you will need to rebuild for at least one year before you should
+think of becoming a father. But I am ligating with linen thread, which
+does not dissolve, and if you come back to me in one year from now I
+will remove the ligatures, one or both, and you will then be able to
+procreate." This is reasonable and wise talk, and the man makes no
+objection. When the year of probation, as you might call it, has
+expired, the man returns to the hospital, the ligature is removed, and
+he goes home in a couple of days. These things are not fairy-tales, but
+solid facts, amazing as they sound to you. There are five goat-gland
+babies today among Dr. Brinkley's patients that he knows of, four boys
+and one girl. There are probably many more of whom he has heard nothing,
+for patients have a way of moving out of touch after awhile.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III
+
+THE PRACTICE. WOMEN
+
+
+At Dr. Brinkley's hospital, a beautifully appointed private residence,
+it is a comfort to women patients to have the doctor's wife, herself a
+competent surgeon if necessary, at hand during the actual operation.
+Mrs. Brinkley administers the local anesthetic, or the general
+anesthetic, if that is called for, as it sometimes is. While
+the bulk of the operations performed on both men and women are
+gland-transplantations, a diseased condition of tubes and ovaries has
+sometimes made a laporotomy necessary, and many major operations have
+been successfully performed in the white-enameled operating room.
+At such times a woman clings to the presence of a woman, and Mrs.
+Brinkley's kind and pleasant manner is usually sufficient to banish all
+nervousness from the woman patient.
+
+In ordinary cases of gland-transplantation into women, where the patient
+is in good physical condition, with no disease of the organs, the
+operation is as simple as in the case of the man. The speculum discloses
+the condition of the vagina, and the insertion of the new ovary is into
+the mucous membrane of the vagina, leaving the goat-ovary about four
+inches distant from the woman's. The only incision made is a small one,
+about one inch long, painless under local anesthetic, the purpose of the
+incision being to get a blood supply for the goat-ovary. Sometimes one
+ovary is implanted, sometimes two; invariably the new ovary is trimmed
+to a reduction in size. Invariably it is implanted within twenty minutes
+of its removal from the nanny-goat. Unfortunately for the goat, the
+removal of her ovaries usually costs her her life. She mopes for a few
+days, refuses to eat, and dies. She is always given a general
+anesthetic, and the removal is painless at least, if fatal. Pursuing the
+conclusions drawn from his long experience, Dr. Brinkley has found that
+women derive more instant benefit from the glands than men with respect
+to their awakened enthusiasm, improved appearance, and recovery of the
+feeling of poise and well-being. Very noticeable is the change of figure
+which follows the implanting of the new ovaries in the case of a fat
+woman. The change is equally marked in the case of a fat man. A man of
+abnormal weight, 250 lbs., lost fifty pounds in two weeks following the
+operation, during which time he remained at the hospital, feeling well
+and strong, but shrinking in girth amazingly. When he left the hospital
+his clothes hung about him in bags and folds. The fat woman's spirits
+seem to rise as her weight decreases, and she feels as if she had indeed
+regained the buoyancy of her youth.
+
+Dr. Brinkley by no means asserts that the woman whose ovaries have been
+removed by surgical operation will grow two new ovaries after the
+transplantation has been made, but he cites the case of a woman whose
+ovaries had been removed by surgical operation some years previous, the
+uterus remaining intact, in whom he implanted two goat-ovaries, and
+whose periods shortly afterwards returned on a four-day basis, with
+twenty-eight-day interval. He does not say that the goat-ovaries
+transplanted into the woman have grown new ovaries, but there remains
+the phenomenon of the renewed menstruation, and this is very difficult
+to account for. In barren women, from twenty-eight to thirty-five years
+of age, in whom he has found not a diseased, but an atrophied, condition
+of the ovaries, the transplantation has invariably been attended with
+success to the removal of the barrenness, the new glands evidently
+bringing about the development of ova. Nor does Dr. Brinkley say that in
+the case of a man who has had both glands removed by surgical operation,
+the transplantation will produce new glands for the man, and yet he has
+had two successes to offset several failures in this very result,
+without any clue to why the success followed in the one case and not in
+the other. The work is yet in its infancy stage, and Dr. Brinkley is the
+first to admit that there is far more about it to be known than he has
+yet succeeded in knowing. He is averse to experimenting upon women
+patients at this stage of his knowledge, and has many times refused to
+transplant the glands for women who have requested him to perform the
+operation for them. One such case was at the hospital during the
+writer's visit there in April. She was a paralysis case, quite fat,
+unable to walk except by putting forward one foot at a time, supported
+by the arm of someone on each side of her. She was driven to the
+hospital in an automobile, accompanied by her husband and daughter, from
+the farm--two hundred miles away! Dr. Brinkley strongly urged her not to
+have the gland operation performed at all, but she insisted upon giving
+it a trial. It is too soon yet to speak of results in this case, but in
+Dr. Brinkley's view it is asking too much of the glands to expect them
+to produce favorable results in a case of this severity. Yet, at this
+time, there was in the hospital a young woman suffering from Dementia
+Praecox, whose mother had been watching over her for twelve years, and
+on whom the affliction of her daughter had so weighed that she told the
+writer she wished God would take one or the other of them, because it
+was more than she could bear. This young woman had been confined in the
+State Hospital for the Insane, and had been treated by specialists for
+many years, without any benefit at all. There was some homicidal mania,
+much depression, and attempts at suicide. She could not be left alone in
+her room for a moment. But the day after the transplantation of the
+glands this young woman embraced her mother, and talked so rationally to
+her that she called in Dr. Brinkley, and with tears repeated what her
+daughter had just said. Dr. Brinkley advised her that the results were
+altogether too sudden to build upon. "There will certainly be ups and
+downs yet," he said. "You must expect good days and bad days, when you
+will doubt if your daughter is any better. But, to make a normal
+recovery, she +ought+ to show an alternation of good and bad days, with
+the good days gradually drawing ahead and becoming more frequent and
+more marked. I look for her to recover entirely in a year's time, but
+she will always retain her sensitiveness and a certain amount of
+hysteria, so that things that would not bother you or me will hurt her
+grievously. You must be prepared to expect this to happen. But I see no
+reason at all why she should not in the near future become a happy wife
+and mother." The blessings of this good mother were a reward in
+themselves, and were so received by the doctor and his wife. When such
+results as this are obtained it becomes very difficult to draw a line
+and say, "The goat-glands will do no good here." Physicians of the best
+standing had said to this poor mother before she took her daughter to
+Kansas, "So you're determined to try the goat-glands? You are wasting
+your time and money. Brinkley is nothing but a fake. If there were any
+help for your daughter we could cure her. We can do nothing. There is no
+help for her!" This was repeated to the writer by the mother, and he
+vouches for its truth. Is it not evident that a better understanding of
+the goat-gland operation is highly desirable among physicians and
+surgeons today?
+
+Quite a frequent style of inquiry from women to the doctor runs like
+this: "I am in good health, and in every way normal; age 35. I want to
+remain as I am, and grow no older in appearance than I am today. Do you
+think that the goat-gland operation would keep me from getting any
+older?" To this kind of inquiry Dr. Brinkley makes a stereotyped reply,
+something as follows: "If you are today in good health I should not
+advise the goat-gland operation, but would advise it in your case as
+soon as you have passed the change of life, in ten or fifteen years from
+now." To the writer he said, "I cannot conscientiously advise this woman
+to submit to this operation, because I don't know that the glands would
+advantage her in any way. They might, or they might not. I don't know.
+It is therefore experimental work, and I cannot take her money for an
+experiment. I must have something definite in the way of experience to
+go upon. There must be some evident condition of ill-health to be set
+right. But, on the other hand, though I will not advise these people to
+take the gland operation, there may be something in her idea that the
+glands will arrest age and hold it back. I have never been in a position
+where I could afford to experiment on young and healthy human beings,
+and this point can only be settled by such experiment upon healthy and
+young human beings. I should say at a guess that the operation would do
+her no good, but you understand that this is a guess only. I do not know
+anything about it. All such things as this we shall learn by degrees by
+further experiment. At present I am kept busy attending to cases of real
+sickness, or defined conditions of arrest of function, where I have
+experience to guide me in saying that the gland-operation will be of
+benefit, but, if I could afford to perform a few of these experimental
+operations for nothing, at no cost to the patient, I should be glad of
+the chance. There is so much yet to be learned in this work."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV
+
+DR. BRINKLEY'S OWN STORY
+
+
+The +New York American+, issue of March 14, 1920, carried the following
+articles:
+
+  +GOAT GLANDS SUCCESSFUL+
+
+  +Head of Hospital Tells of the Curing of Sterility
+  by the New Discovery and of Control of Sex
+  Through Simple Operation--Disease
+  and Insanity Also Banished.+
+
+  +By Dr. W. H. Ballou+
+
+Dr. J. R. Brinkley, head of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training
+School for Nurses at Milford, Kansas, has now furnished to the
+scientific world what are termed "ample proof cases" that by
+implantation of the fresh interstitial glands of the goat sterile people
+may bear children of either sex desired. Already the town is filling up
+with childless people waiting to be operated upon. Incidentally, cases
+of insanity are cured within thirty-six hours after a simple operation.
+Other diseases also disappear. Milford is a small town 150 miles west of
+Kansas City. Here Dr. Brinkley has performed more than 100 major
+operations, and more than 300 minor operations, each one a success;
+cured more than 1,000 cases of Influenza, without losing a case; and
+cured one "hopeless" case of sleeping-sickness.
+
+The practice of Dr. Brinkley accords with the investigations of glands
+by Professor Arthur Keith, president of the Anthropological Section of
+the British Association for the Advancement of Science. Professor Keith
+states: "The interstitial gland has as much to do with the growth, in
+certain particulars, as the pituitary gland has in general bodily
+growth. All of the changes we see in children after they begin to grow,
+which bring to prominence racial characteristics, depend upon the action
+of the interstitial gland. If the gland is removed, or remains in
+abeyance, the maturing of the body is prolonged or altered. Sex
+differences, the more robust manifestations of males, are more emphatic
+in the white than in either the black or yellow race. This is shown in
+the beardless face and almost hairless body of Mongols and Negroes, and
+especially in Nilotic tribes of Negroes with long, stork-like legs,
+which is a manifestation of abeyance of the interstitial gland. As she
+grows aged, and her sexual condition closes, woman assumes the coarser
+and more masculine appearance, due to the loss of functioning of this
+gland. It is the prime factor in differentiating the races of mankind."
+
+Kingsley affirms, in "Comparative Morphology of Vertebrates" that
+"interstitial cells carries secretions in man which pass into the blood.
+They apparently cause secondary male characters such as, among other
+things, hair on the face and change of voice at the close of boyhood.
+They govern most female characteristics."
+
+We are on the eve of a tremendous revolution, which must cause a drastic
+revision of all works on zoology, anatomy, genetics, physiology, and
+evolution in general. The enormous investigations of glands and their
+secretions have sprung up and focused since the middle of the World War
+period. These investigations are rapidly resulting in a new surgery and
+a new practice of medicine.
+
+
+  +Discoverer of New Method of Rejuvenation
+  Tells History+
+
+  By Dr. J. R. Brinkley
+
+My first operation was upon a husband in a childless family, forty-six
+years old, and married for sixteen years. His wife was forty-two years
+old. I transplanted in him the interstitial gland of a male goat. His
+health improved almost at once, and he thereafter looked and acted like
+a man many years younger. Within a year he was the father of a fine baby
+boy. The father continues to retain his improved vitality. The boy was
+named "Billy" in honor of the goat.
+
+Next a young woman came to me for the operation. I found her glands
+diseased, removed them, and replaced them with the interstitial glands
+of a male goat. Her recovery was speedy. A year later she gave birth to
+a strong boy baby, now four months old. These were but the beginnings.
+Other women desired female offspring and have received the glands of the
+female goat. There are now some twenty-five cases in the hospital at
+Milford receiving goat-glands.
+
+[Illustration: THE DEMENTIA PRAECOX CASE, AND MISS LEWIS HEAD NURSE]
+
++Insanity Is Cured.+ In the hospital is a man who came from New York
+City recently and received two male goat-glands upon his arrival. During
+his past he had been in three New York Insane Asylums, and had gone to
+the Mayo and other institutions. Nothing had been accomplished for his
+case, and he had been told finally that he was incurable and must remain
+a mental defective. He had decided to commit suicide if I failed to
+remedy his condition. In thirty-six hours after the insertion of
+goat-glands his temperature had risen to above 103 degrees, but became
+normal twenty-four hours later, and has since remained so. His mind has
+gradually cleared, he looks and feels younger, and is contemplating
+marriage. The hideous dreams and nightmares which had destroyed his
+sleep and rest for many past years have left him, and he now eats and
+sleeps well. Apparently the cure is complete.
+
+A case of Dementia Praecox, violent in character, was brought to me as a
+result of the cure in the above case. Restraint was necessary, even to
+the strapping of his hands, feet and body to the bed. He was in all
+respects a typical insane asylum case, destined to remain under
+restraint. The second day after two male goat glands had been inserted
+he spoke to me, saying, "Doctor, won't you please remove the straps so I
+can rest comfortably? I am perfectly aware of everything now and feel as
+if snatched from the grave." We removed his shackles and on the
+following day he called for books to read. He made a beautiful
+convalescence and a perfect recovery. He is now with his wife and
+children at home, transacting his business as a normal and sane man.
+Since 90 per cent of insanity cases and 75 per cent of divorce cases are
+due to diseased glands, I may be pardoned for holding out hope to a
+vast, hopeless class, numbered at over 3,000,000 Americans.
+
++Sterility Is Banished.+ As a rule the women who come to me for
+treatment prefer to bear male children. In such cases it is essential
+that they should receive the interstitial glands of the male goat. We
+have in hospital at the moment, however, a childless married woman of
+twenty-eight, who wishes devoutly for a female child. We found her
+sterile of a natural gland and inserted the gland of a female goat. Her
+transformation has been remarkable, and I am confident her first child
+will be a girl.
+
+You naturally ask about the future, which can only be premised. Women
+who have received male goat-glands will continue to bear male children,
+if any; those that receive the female goat glands will continue to bear
+girl babies. The future carries a promise of much information to be
+gleaned along this line. I cannot say what would happen if the husband
+were to receive male goat glands and the wife female goat glands. Their
+progeny might or might not be mixed. We will try it on any sterile
+couple that desires, knowing positively that normal children of one or
+both sexes will result.
+
+Where substitution of glands of any character is essential, they should
+be taken from the goat operated upon immediately before the human
+implanting, and be inserted at once. Glands should not be taken from the
+ape or other animal for human use. The goat is immune to tuberculosis,
+He is a clean animal, full of health and vitality. Apes are very subject
+to tuberculosis. One can never tell whether an ape is diseaseless or
+not. It is generally unlawful to substitute our human glands, and, even
+though they could be readily obtained, they are apt to be infected with
+some disease.
+
+The essential element of foods is the vitamin, a nitrogenous substance
+of indeterminate nature. Without it we would starve, though eating
+plenty of proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and water. Nothing will
+sustain life if the vitamins are absent from the diet. Goat's milk
+contains these important substances in greater abundance than any other
+animal food.
+
++The Goat Reacts Like Human.+ The goat alone among mammals reacts to
+poisons almost identically as human beings react, and the poison gases
+of the war had precisely the same effect upon him as upon the soldiers.
+So 1,500 goats did their bit in the war in an experimental way. These
+points in his favor, and other similarities to man, are the reasons
+which led me to select the goat as the best possible material in this
+work. Goat-glands alone seemed to be harmonious and sympathetic when
+transplanted into the human body. In other words, the hormones of goat
+and man agree.
+
+We still know less about the causes of hormones than the effects. On
+account of the mutual tolerance of goat and human hormones the goat
+gland speedily attaches a blood supply in the human body, and cell by
+cell is replaced so that it soon functions as the original gland would
+had it been present and normal. The new gland is also exceptional in
+that it does not have to be placed near or at the location of the proper
+human gland. It can be inserted in any place where it is not liable to
+injury, even in the hip in men.[*]
+
+It should be noted that I do not claim to make old men young again, or
+that I have discovered the secret fountain of youth. I am engaged in the
+practical work of giving health, normality and progeny to men and women
+who have been cheated out of their natural heritage. I have named the
+process "re-creative gland operation" in accordance with the belief now
+general among genetists and anatomists that if the clock of time is ever
+to be turned back for humanity it can only be through glandular
+transplantations. Glands have proved much superior to any animal extract
+or serum in this class of cases. Often in serums the poison elements are
+retained, but not the nutritive. We use the whole goat gland, as a rule,
+because we do not know in what part of it the hormones hide. The
+attempted transplantations of kidneys have thus far failed because the
+kidney product is waste matter, not live cells as in the case of the
+interstitial glands.
+
+    [Footnote: Author's Note.--The date of this interview is more than
+    one year old, March, 1920. Today Dr. Brinkley implants the male
+    glands by incision in the acrotum of the man, and in no other
+    place whatever, having found this method of operation the most
+    sure in results. Today he uses only the male goat-glands for the
+    man, and only the female goat's ovaries for the woman.]
+
+
+  (From The Chicago Tribune, of date February 1, 1920.)
+
+  +GOAT GLANDS GIVE BABIES TO CHILDLESS.+
+
+  +Woman and Three Men Become Parents After
+  Transplantation.+
+
+Milford, Kansas.--A surgeon in this little Kansas town has lifted from
+womanhood the curse of sterility.
+
+He is Dr. J. R. Brinkley, chief surgeon of the Brinkley-Jones Hospital
+of Milford.
+
+For several years Dr. Brinkley has made a study of the transplantation
+of the interstitial glands and its results. Two years ago he performed
+his first operation upon a human being. Since then he has circumvented
+nature four times, making it possible for three men and one woman to
+become parents. He is awaiting results hopefully in four other cases.
+
+The most remarkable case is that of the woman. She is a young married
+woman of Milford, who had been married several years and had despaired
+of bearing children. About a year and a half ago she heard of Dr.
+Brinkley and his success with interstitial gland operations. She went to
+him and asked him if he could cure her sterility. Dr. Brinkley made no
+promises--he never does. But he told her the operation was a simple one,
+and that it would improve her health, even if it failed to give her a
+child. She gladly submitted to the operation.
+
+Dr. Brinkley removed an interstitial gland from a live male goat. He
+made a slight incision in the woman's abdomen, inserted the gland and
+stitched it in. In a week the patient was about her household duties
+again. Six months ago she gave birth to a healthy baby. It was a boy.
+The mother was the happiest woman in Kansas.
+
+The surgeon had treated six other cases similarly, but all were men--men
+who loved children and yearned for parenthood. Three of the men are now
+fathers of healthy children.
+
+In each case Dr. Brinkley had used male goat glands--and all the babies
+were boys.
+
+Then this occurred to him:--
+
+"If I transplant female goat glands maybe the babies will be girls!" He
+decided to try it, and two months ago his opportunity arrived. A woman
+came to him just as his first woman patient had come. She was 28 years
+old, had been married six years, and was childless. Dr. Brinkley
+performed the operation, using the glands of a female goat. He is now
+awaiting results. "I do not say this woman will have a girl baby," said
+Dr. Brinkley today, "but I am experimenting. It may be merely a
+coincidence that all the babies so far have been boys. So far as I know,
+I am the first surgeon to experiment with gland implantation in women.
+I am also the first to use goat glands in preference to others.
+
+"Unquestionably I have cured sterility in one woman, and I have utmost
+faith that it can be cured in any other, so long as all of her organs
+are not missing. The operation is a little more difficult than it is in
+the case of men, but no more serious. Where a man recovers, and can get
+about, in two or three days, a woman recovers in a week.
+
+"All of my patients are much improved in their general health as a
+result of the operation. I wouldn't say that this operation holds the
+secret of eternal youth. I don't know. All my patients have been between
+the ages of 32 and 48, so that I cannot speak from experience.
+I believe, however, that the operation will prolong life; I know that it
+improves the health in every way. But I cannot say that it will restore
+the bloom of youth to an old man's cheek. I am considering, however, an
+operation upon a man 80 years old who came to me and asked for the
+operation. Whether he would be able to have children as a result of it I
+do not know."
+
+None of Dr. Brinkley's patients had been parents until they came to him.
+Now the oldest of the babies is 13 months; another is 8 months and a
+third is 6. Dr. Brinkley does not claim to be a specialist in gland
+implantation; he is merely a practicing surgeon who has made a study of
+the subject and is doing what he can to help unfortunate people. The
+doctor's modesty until now has hidden his remarkable discovery from the
+world, but he is now writing a report on his results.
+
+
+  (From the San Diego, Cal., +Union+, of date,
+  February 7, 1920.)
+
+Scientists who formerly ignored Dr. Brinkley's letters are now writing
+to him asking him for exhaustive reports of his work. The sarcastic
+attitude came largely heretofore from those who were unwilling to
+believe that such operations of the highest scientific importance, were
+being performed in an out of the way village that couldn't be found on a
+railway map.
+
+Dr. Brinkley, who was graduated from the Medical Department of Loyola
+University, and who has traveled over all the world, explained his
+residence in Milford. After leaving the army he sought a location in a
+small town, selecting Milford as the result of a newspaper
+advertisement, and going there, found it to consist of less than 200
+inhabitants. But the surrounding territory was rich and the farmers
+prosperous, and in the isolated location he saw the chance of continuing
+experiments begun at Bellevue Hospital, New York. Later he found himself
+compelled to build his own hospital to care for the patients that
+arrived, attracted by the news of the goat-gland operations. Dr.
+Brinkley is 35 years old and has been a skilled surgeon for more than 15
+years. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of
+Science, the American Medical Association, the Missouri Valley Medical
+Association, the Kansas Medical Association, and a Fellow of the
+Clinical Congress of Internal Medicine. He is also a 32nd Degree Mason.
+
+In the treatment of pneumonia and influenza Dr. Brinkley uses serums of
+his own invention. In the treatment of his cases of influenza last year
+the reports of the health authorities of Geary County, Kansas, show that
+Dr. Brinkley didn't lose a single case. Milford is in Geary County, and
+Geary County swears by Dr. Brinkley.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V
+
+A YEAR OF DEVELOPMENT
+
+
+The intention in offering for your perusal the preceding newspaper
+accounts of Dr. Brinkley's work in the opening months of the year 1920
+was to show you what his views at that time were regarding the value of
+the gland operation which he has since made his life-work. The Chicago
+Tribune speaks of it as incidental to his general work as a surgeon. Dr.
+Brinkley himself speaks of shortly beginning an experiment upon an old
+man of 80. A year later he looked back upon a record of achievement of
+the most astounding results in operations performed upon men of 75, 80,
+and even 81. During this past year he has perfected his technique,
+implants the male glands exclusively into men and the female glands or
+ovaries into women, and has definitely selected the scrotum of the man
+as the only right place in which to introduce the goat-glands for the
+transplantation. You are here viewing the development of a great
+scientific discovery from the beginning of its employment upon human
+beings. Nor is there any reason to suppose that the year 1922 will
+produce no embellishment of value in the form of a wider application of
+the method. Some very striking limitations have been established during
+the past year's work. For instance:
+
+If the blood examination shows a positive Wasserman test for syphilis it
+is useless to transplant the glands, because they will certainly slough
+out. Active syphilis is antagonistic to the goat-tissue. Even latent
+syphilis, showing a negative Wasserman, is likely to produce a slough of
+the glands. Nothing should be concealed from the doctor, of course, and
+yet it has happened at the hospital at Milford that a patient on being
+questioned in advance of the operation has emphatically stated that he
+had never contracted syphilis, and three days later, after the
+transplantation, when the sloughing of the new glands had shown
+something definitely wrong with the blood, this patient admitted that he
+had not spoken the truth in the matter, but had contracted the disease
+many years previously. On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia, in which
+there is invariably a history of syphilis, the goat-glands take hold
+without exception, the efficacy of the transplantation in this disease,
+hitherto incurable by any means known to man, being due to the power of
+the new glands to cause a dissolving of scar-tissue, in the opinion of
+Dr. Abrams of San Francisco, who investigated the remarkable results
+attained by Dr. Brinkley in his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by the
+goat-gland operation.
+
+If the goat-glands are transplanted into members of the Hebrew race
+there follows invariably a high temperature persisting for several days,
+after which the cure proceeds normally without any untoward occurrence.
+Glands transplanted into a negro will slough, or, at least, they did so
+in the one case on which Dr. Brinkley performed the operation, for no
+apparent reason other than a supposed racial antagonism to goat-tissue.
+No experiments have yet been conducted upon Japanese, Chinese, Hindus,
+or our native Indians. When the blood count shows high in white
+(leucocytes) and low in red, the glands will slough, but the reverse
+condition does not hold true. And now let us consider the case of Mr.
+Ernst, of Morganville, Kansas, who is over 77 years of age, and who
+permits the use of his name and address. One of the most curious
+features of his case is that when he came for the operation his hair,
+white as snow, was thin on the scalp, the color of the skin of the scalp
+showing through the hair, as it frequently does in the aged. That was
+almost a year ago. Mr. Ernst's hair is now turning black all over the
+head, the scalp shows a thickening in the growth, or an increase in the
+quantity of hair, and you cannot now see the scalp through the hair. Mr.
+Ernst wrote an excellent letter to Dr. Brinkley two months ago, and
+states that he has no objection at all to its reproduction. When a
+personal story of this kind is offered for use it is as well to use it
+in its original form, but this so rarely happens in this work that for
+its uniqueness alone it would be worth while to put it before you. With
+some notable exceptions, the men patients who have been operated upon by
+Dr. Brinkley feel ashamed of the fact. Not for anything would they let
+their friends or acquaintances know anything about it. The veil of
+secrecy is, of course, never lifted by the doctor. The women patients
+have none of this false shame, apparently, but enjoy discussing the
+results of the operation with their friends. It is, perhaps, natural
+that a United States Senator, two of whom have been operated on with
+much advantage to themselves, should shrink from the jocose remarks of
+friend or foe and the curiosity of acquaintances. There is good reason,
+in the case of a public man, for avoidance of notice in the matter, and
+that is one of the advantages of having the hospital located in the tiny
+village of Milford. If freedom from observation is the wish it is
+certainly gratified there. Agreeing, therefore, on the whole, with the
+reticence of the public man in this matter, we yet feel a certain
+satisfaction in the robust avowals of Mr. Ernst. Follows his letter of
+January, 1921:
+
+"I am 77 years old, employed as commercial salesman by one of the
+largest manufacturing companies of its kind in the world, and command a
+good salary and the confidence of my employers. Since my operation at
+Dr. Brinkley's hospital I am now their free lance salesman, opening up
+new territory and making good money. Any doubting Thomas may send me a
+self-addressed envelope if he questions the genuineness of what I say
+here about myself, and I will take time to answer him. First, the
+operation is absolutely painless. For a number of years I was a martyr
+to Sciatica and Muscular Rheumatism. I used every Patent Medicine I
+could hear of, besides Osteopathy and Chiropractic, and innumerable
+prescriptions from physicians, and received no benefit at all. The
+sciatic trouble was bad enough, but to this you must add loss of memory,
+hydrocele, kidney trouble, constipation, no appetite, and insomnia. Most
+nights two hours sleep was the most I could get, for the pains were
+incessant. I read in ... the +Kansas City Post+ last Spring about Dr.
+Brinkley's Goat-Gland operation, and decided to try it right away. I was
+in such misery I would have tried +anything+. Now I want to tell you, in
+the fewest words, that the amazing truth is that I have not had a twinge
+of pain of any kind at all since the operation, and have only a memory
+of my former suffering. This is a marvelous thing. I have the feeling of
+a youth. Whenever you want to hear from me I will write again and tell
+you what changes have taken place in me as the result of this operation.
+If I was asked to put a cash value upon the operation in my own case I
+could not do it, but I can say that all I possess in cash would be a
+poor equivalent for the difference the operation has made in my life.
+What is the difference in cash value between a life that is worth living
+and one that is constant misery? I don't know how you would fix that
+value, but that is the difference the operation has made in me.
+
+  S. H. ERNST."
+
+Dr. Brinkley has kept in close touch with Mr. Ernst, and received other
+letters, not for publication, in which the old gentleman went frankly
+into details of the change that had been wrought in him by the operation
+in the matter of astonishing sexual vigor. For obvious reasons such
+details, while of the greatest scientific interest, cannot be more than
+hinted at in a book, and we must content ourselves with the acceptance
+of the fact as a fact of interest to science, to Dr. Brinkley, to the
+world of aged men at our doors, and to Mr. Ernst particularly, rejoicing
+in his new-found vigor.
+
+Apart from the genuinely happy tone of his letters to Dr. Brinkley, the
+phenomenon of the darkening of the hair strikes most sharply on the
+attention. Perhaps our satisfaction in this particular piece of evidence
+of rejuvenation is due to the fact that it is an objective proof;
+something visible to the eye, tangible; something for which we are not
+required to take anybody's opinion, but can trust our eyesight for the
+fact of it. It is something in which the psychic factor, the feelings,
+the imagination, the auto-suggestion, does not enter at all, and that is
+why it is exceedingly well worthy of note. Looking back over the years,
+and casting up in your minds all the people of sixty and seventy years
+of age whom you have known, can you put your finger on a single one
+whose hair turned in color from white to dark and at the same time from
+thin to thick? You probably cannot. Nor can the writer. It is reasonable
+to conclude, therefore, that the goat-glands alone have done this thing
+in the case of Mr. Ernst.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI
+
+THE STORY OF CHANCELLOR TOBIAS
+
+
+We must go to the pages of +The Chicago Evening American+ of date August
+18, 1920, for the story of Chancellor Tobias, written by Lloyd Lehrbas,
+of the American staff, with a brief introductory note, as follows:
+
+(Here is one of the most remarkable news stories ever published in any
+Chicago newspaper. So startling is its detail that +The Chicago Evening
+American+ in the interest of absolute accuracy submitted it to the
+person most concerned for his approval, so there can be no question
+concerning the facts, scientific or otherwise. Other men and women
+involved are not mentioned because the facts being established in the
+most important case, it is not considered necessary.)
+
+Goat interstitial gland operations have been successfully performed on
+J. J. Tobias, Chancellor of the Chicago Law School, and thirty-five
+other Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, of Milford, Kansas,
+who has been in Chicago for the past six weeks, performing the
+operations every day.
+
+[Illustration: THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL, MILFORD, KANSAS, U.S.A.]
+
+An alderman, a well-known political figure, living on the Gold Coast,
+a judge, a prominent real estate man, a newspaper man, three women, one
+of whom is well known on the North Shore, and other Chicagoans, have
+found the lost Fountain of Youth as a result of the miracle-surgeon's
+transplanting the revivifying interstitial glands of a goat into their
+human bodies.
+
+The story of Dr. Brinkley's knife magic is the story of a surgeon's
+study and experimenting for nine years, ending with the successful
+accomplishment of the gland operation performed on thirty-six
+Chicagoans, who are alive and healthy today.
+
+The complete story, with laboratory data, the name of one of the
+prominent patients, and an authorized interview with Dr. Brinkley is
+told for the first time in +The Evening American+ today.
+
++Successful on Women.+ Proof that the operation has been successful on
+women as well as men makes the story of increased interest. Until now it
+has been the general conception that the operation was successful on men
+only. A Chicago woman is now supremely happy because, after years of
+hoping, the operation has made it possible for her to become a mother.
+
+Five months ago, Chancellor Tobias was, in his own words, played out.
+His years of teaching in the Chicago Law School had reduced his
+vitality.
+
+Chancellor Tobias went to Dr. Brinkley's hospital and submitted to the
+operation in order to relieve arterial congestion in the brain, caused
+by two attacks of influenza, a year apart. So serious had become his
+condition and so severe the attacks of vertigo and high blood pressure,
+that his attending physician informed him he was in imminent danger of
+death. The planting of the interstitial glands in Chancellor Tobias'
+body relieved the congestion and fully eliminated the cause.
+
++Purged of All Ills.+ Today he has dropped the years from his shoulders,
+purged his body and brain of ills, and stands revivified.
+
+"I feel like a youth again," the aged chancellor said today. "I'm a new
+man."
+
+The stories of the other Chicagoans who have been benefited by the
+operation read like fiction. They were ill, they were old, they
+apparently were beyond the skill of the surgeon's knife, or spiritual
+hope. Now from their own lips come paeans of glorification for restored
+vitality and youth, all due to the humble goat and the surgical skill of
+a country surgeon.
+
++Tobias' Own Story.+ Today I called at the law school in the Monadnock
+Building to see Chancellor Tobias and get the story from his own lips.
+The reports seemed too rosy. The facts seemed overstated. The results
+appeared to me unduly magnified. But here was a prominent lawyer who had
+the operation performed. Here was assurance there would be no buncombe
+from him.
+
+An alert, peppy, gray-haired man sprang up to greet me, his eyes, the
+eyes of youth, his step firm and sprightly, his handclasp steady and
+strong. And yet he was 71 years old!
+
+"Do you really feel younger?"
+
++Twenty-five Years Younger.+ Chancellor Tobias threw out his chest,
+squared his shoulders,--and smiled. "I feel twenty-five years younger.
+I'm a new man, strong, and good for twenty years of work," he replied.
+"I was ill, old, and played out, but the operation has completely
+revivified me."
+
+"How does it feel to have been old, and then become young again?"
+
+"Glorious!"
+
++Was "Played Out."+ And here is Chancellor Tobias' story of the fountain
+of youth.
+
+"After teaching for twenty-five years in the Chicago Law School," he
+said. "I was played out. I suffered intense headaches. My eyesight began
+failing. There was a constant ringing in my ears. Dizziness came with
+increasing regularity. Mentally and physically I was an old man. Then I
+heard of Dr. Brinkley."
+
+Chancellor Tobias went to Milford, Kansas, as a last hope in March of
+this year.
+
+On March 26 Dr. Brinkley selected a two months' old goat and removed the
+interstitial glands. They were placed in a solution at body heat and
+taken to the operating room. Dr. Tobias was given an anesthetic. Dr.
+Brinkley leaned over the operating table, made a quick, accurate
+incision, planted the goat gland, and fifteen minutes later the
+operation was over.
+
++Eyesight Improves.+ "Four days after the operation," the Chancellor
+continued, "the headaches had disappeared, and my eyesight was greatly
+improved. And seven days afterwards, I left the hospital a new man."
+
+One month after the operation Chancellor Tobias wrote to Dr. Brinkley:
+"I really feel twenty years younger. My health has improved wonderfully.
+I have regained my lost vigor and vitality. I'm a recreated youth."
+
+And today even Chancellor Tobias' fellow faculty members, many of them
+nationally famous attorneys, admit that Dr. Tobias has improved 100 per
+cent.
+
++"Almost Unbelievable."+ "I hesitate to speak of this," Chancellor
+Tobias said. "It is so wonderful it is almost unbelievable. The public
+cannot appreciate what the operation means. There has been some levity
+over the news of the gland operations, but it should be treated with the
+greatest respect and admiration. The operation has been a success on me
+so I am in a position to speak authoritatively. It is one of the
+greatest things of the century."
+
+Among the other thirty-five patients who have been successfully operated
+on are many well-known to thousands of people in Chicago. Here are some
+typical Chicago cases omitting names:
+
+Policeman ----, aged 60, suffering from chronic diabetes and a general
+breakdown, which was about to compel his retirement from the force.
+Operated on August 9. Left the hospital yesterday feeling like "a new
+man."
+
+Alderman ----, aged 55, chronic asthma sufferer. Operated on April 26.
+Asthma had disappeared by the time he left the hospital. Declared he
+felt years younger and is now completely revivified.
+
+Mr. G----, newspaperman, aged 39. Suffered from complete nervous
+breakdown from overwork. Operated on April 25. Resumed work almost
+immediately, full of pep, and today is the picture of health.
+
+Judge ----, aged 58. Premature old age from hardening of the arteries.
+Operated on April 28. Because of his wonderful improvement in health has
+changed his mind about retiring from the bench.
+
++Operation Painless.+ "Ignorance about the gland transplanting is almost
+universal," I told Dr. Brinkley. "I know nothing of it. Tell me how it
+is done, why you use goat-glands, all the whys and wherefores, so the
+readers of +The American+ will have some authentic information. Is the
+operation painful?"
+
+"No," Dr. Brinkley replied. "It is a simple incision with very little
+actual pain. In practically all cases a local anesthetic is used.
+A general anesthetic is used only in exceptional cases."
+
+"How long does the operation take?"
+
+"Fifteen to twenty minutes. It is as simple as grafting new shoots on a
+fruit tree. No part of the human gland is removed. The goat-gland is
+simply planted to take the place of the old gland."
+
+"And the hospital confinement?"
+
+"One week, to rest the patient and allow the gland to begin functioning
+without undue exertion."
+
+"Any danger?"
+
+"None whatever. It's like grafting on a piece of skin. There is
+absolutely no danger."
+
++Eliminates Disorders.+ Lost youth is regained, according to Dr.
+Brinkley, as a result of the revivifying fluid secreted by the
+transplanted gland, leading to the elimination of organic disorders that
+are hastening old age.
+
+Dr. Brinkley explained in detail:
+
+"I began my experiments nine years ago, and began using goat-glands
+three years ago in the interstitial gland operation because the
+goat-glands resemble to a large degree the human glands in their
+histological make-up. The interstitial glands and the blood, of a goat,
+are a very close approach in their constituents to those of a human
+being.
+
+"Old people are simply broken down. The goat-gland secretes the fluid
+that builds up the brokendown parts of the human body. Eyesight improves
+50 per cent. If a man is underweight he will gain to normal, and if he
+is overweight he will reduce to normal, showing that the goat glands
+actually function."
+
++Chronic Diseases Cured.+ "Chronic skin diseases are cleared up. Stomach
+trouble disappears under the new gland's guardianship of the body.
+I have the laboratory data, the scientific records, and the actual
+revivified patients to prove it. The only unsuccessful cases are certain
+people whose blood lacks necessary essentials, and they are few."
+
+Dr. Brinkley gives Dr. G. Frank Lydston of Chicago credit for performing
+the first gland transplanting operations.
+
++Lydston Is Pioneer.+ "Dr. Lydston is the pioneer," Dr. Brinkley said.
+"He was the first man to transplant glands from a human to a human.
+I have never transplanted anthropoid ape glands, as Dr. Voronoff of
+Paris, and only in three cases human glands, as Dr. Lydston, and I was
+not pleased with the results in those three cases. I was the first to
+transplant goat glands. Dr. Serge Voronoff has performed the operation
+on only two human beings. He failed to give Dr. Lydston credit, although
+it is obvious he followed Dr. Lydston's book."
+
+   *   *   *   *
+
+This completes Mr. Lehrbas' interview. In the same paper, +The Chicago
+Evening American+, a month later, date of September 15, appeared the
+following account of another visit to Chancellor Tobias, written by
+Edward M. Thierry:
+
+J. J. Tobias, chancellor of the Chicago Law School, told me it was none
+of my business how old he is. He's got a goat-gland sewed into his
+innards and I was trying to get some personal Ponce de Leon statistics.
+
+"I'm over 50," Tobias conceded. "How much I won't say. But I will say my
+clock has been turned back from ten to twenty years! Just look at me!"
+
+He jumped out of his chair--er--friskily. That's the only expressive
+word. Tobias is little, thin and wiry. His face wrinkles up and his
+teeth flash when he smiles. He has grey hair and talks with quick
+jerks--as if his energy is running a race with his tongue.
+
+"I'm rejuvenated," Tobias said. "Time will tell whether my goat-gland
+will make me live longer. I had that operation on last March 26, and I'm
+still living. I'm no decrepit old man, either."
+
+Tobias was operated on by Dr. J. R. Brinkley, who has caused a furor in
+medical circles through his many successful goat-gland operations.
+
+Critics of Dr. Brinkley make Tobias tired. Get his goat, so to speak. He
+says he knows what he's talking about, for he was formerly lecturer in a
+Chicago medical college.
+
+"Seventy-five years ago my father had a little German machine," Tobias
+said, "called the 'life waker.' It was a disk as big as a dollar with a
+lot of needles in it. You jabbed it into the small of the back and waked
+life that way. We can laugh at that archaic system, for it was crude.
+Now we're more scientific. Witness the transplantation of goat-glands."
+
+Tobias said he went to see Dr. Brinkley at Milford, Kansas, to
+investigate his goat-gland discovery because of long suffering from
+congestion of the brain arteries. Doctors had told him he was in danger
+of death because of severe attacks of vertigo and a high blood pressure.
+
+"The operation," Tobias said, "occupied about 20 minutes. Within three
+hours after the operation the goat-gland began to function, the
+congestion was relieved, and within three days the cause was eliminated.
+
+"I am a new man physically, with new mental vigor, and a new power of
+sustained effort. I can distinctly sense the function of a new gland in
+my body."
+
+It must have functioned muscularly, for when I left Tobias gave me a
+knuckle-crushing grip which made it necessary to write this story with
+my left hand.
+
+
+These newspaper articles are printed here without change, in spite of
+evident repetitions, because of their evidential value. It is an old
+trick of the public press in the United States, and probably in Europe
+also, to start a sensation with a blazing front page story, and in the
+course of a few weeks follow it with a complete and sarcastic expose of
+the whole matter as a baseless fabrication, piling facts on facts to
+show that the first story was an ingenious piece of deception got up by
+the subject with the purpose of making capital out of the credulity of
+the public. There are no better detectives in the world than newspaper
+men. They work for the love of it. An expose is dearer to the
+detective-instinct in them than a laudatory article, and they leave no
+stone unturned to get at the facts. When, therefore, after the lapse of
+months, the newspapers of the United States repeat and confirm their
+first stories about Dr. Brinkley's work it means something to one who
+knows their methods of working. Money cannot buy this sort of publicity.
+There must be facts, and facts of value, and facts verified again and
+again, before stories of this kind appear and reappear in the great
+organs of publicity in all the big cities of the United States. How far
+they carry, and how wide-reaching is the interest, will be understood by
+the statement that the announcement of Dr. Brinkley's work, printed
+first in American newspapers, and copied in the English papers, has
+brought him urgent requests to visit South Africa, Australia, Sweden,
+Scotland, and many other countries. From England in particular come
+requests from women that he do not fail to make a journey to some part
+of Europe in the summer of 1921, in order that they may take the
+operation with a view to bearing children. This he has arranged to do
+about June of this year, expecting to find in England a climate during
+the months of June, July and August, which will not be too hot to
+prevent him from transplanting the goat-glands. He does not operate at
+his hospital in Kansas during June, July and August, on account of the
+heat, having found that when the outdoor temperature is high the glands
+will certainly slough. The high temperature without seems to create a
+high temperature for the patient, and the result is a wasted pair of
+good goat glands, with loss of time and money to all concerned. In
+England in the summer it should be necessary to wait a few days only for
+right climatic conditions to present themselves, and be sure that they
+will do so. There are the further matters of a supply of goats of the
+right Toggenburg breed, a place to keep them, in close proximity to the
+operating hospital, and the hospital itself, to be dealt with suitably
+in the shortest possible space of time after arrival. The supply of
+goats can probably be best procured direct from Switzerland through some
+London importer, and the other matters will no doubt fall easily into
+place. The goats must not come from a high altitude, or their glands
+will not contain a right amount of iodine. This is curiously important.
+Dr. Brinkley cannot use goats from Colorado for that reason. If the
+doctor's reception in England is cordial he will probably make his visit
+there an annual summer affair of three months' duration for some years
+to come, which would give him an opportunity of keeping in continued
+touch with his English and European patients. The English are a
+practical people, and less sensitive than we to, or more careless of,
+ridicule, and they are likely to grasp the importance of Dr. Brinkley's
+work on the instant of his arrival, compelling a long visit.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII
+
+PROFESSOR STEINACH AND THE RAT
+
+
+Writing with vivacity and humor, Mr. Clarence Day, Jr., speculates with
+so much whimsicality upon the possible effects of surgical rejuvenation
+of men that one might overlook the keenness of his observation in a
+hurried perusal of his article. For the sake of preserving it for more
+leisurely study, and because the points raised are really worthy of
+attention, the article is reproduced here in full, with acknowledgments
+to +The Literary Review+, in which it first appeared, of date November
+20, 1920. Says Mr. Day:
+
+Biologists really seem to be discovering ways of making men young again.
+So far, it is like making men drunk; the state that is produced does not
+last. But it looks as though they might succeed in adding a chapter to
+life. I wish it could be added to the other end: to youth instead of to
+the last flickers. But if we can renew and re-live middle-age, that will
+be better still.
+
+A man named Steinach, in Vienna, has been experimenting for ten years
+with rats. Full accounts of his work were published last summer in the
+great biological journal founded by Roux, and these were summarized and
+discussed by the London +Athenaeum+, which is now the most interesting
+of all English weeklies. It is from the +Athenaeum's+ account that I am
+taking these facts.
+
+Steinach has been studying the interstitial cells that fill in the
+spaces between the tubules of the testes, in males, and between the
+follicles of the ovaries in females. His reason for choosing these cells
+for his experiments is that they are a well-spring of life. Furthermore,
+since all our vital functions are interrelated, to make these cells
+active gives the whole organism new life and strength. This is not the
+only way of stimulating the organism, but it seems the most powerful.
+
+An old rat is like a senile old man; he is bald and emaciated, his eyes
+are clouded, his breathing is labored. He stays in one place, with bent
+back, and has small interest in anything. If you cut one of his genital
+ducts, however, which is a comparatively slight operation, it has the
+effect of making the interstitial cells multiply actively. Waves of life
+flood his being. Within a few weeks he is transformed. These currents
+restore and rebuild him; skin, muscle and mind. Both in looks and
+behavior he is indistinguishable from other strong rats.
+
+He has cast off old age. Senility, which sets in with men when they are
+from sixty to eighty years old, begins after twenty to thirty months in
+a rat. He is then about through. But when an operation is performed on a
+senile rat he gets from six to eight months' new life. In other words,
+the addition to his normal span is 20 to 30 per cent. That would be a
+large fraction of life for a man to live over again. The rat lives it
+vigorously, eagerly, back in his prime.
+
+When senility again comes upon him it is in a modified form. His
+organism as a whole is in better shape. It is his mind now that tires.
+As Steinach has already cut one or both of his genital ducts, that
+method of stimulating his cells cannot, of course, be repeated. But
+another operation is ready. Some unfortunate young male is deprived of
+his testes by Steinach, and these are implanted forthwith in this hoary
+old rat.
+
+A second spell of active life follows, not so long as the first. It ends
+in acute psychic senility. The rat goes all to pieces. It is as if the
+brain, twice restimulated to emotion, curiosity, keenness, had
+approached the very limit of its running, and was completely exhausted.
+
+Steinach has not yet tried whether a third rejuvenation is possible.
+That remains to be seen. He lives in Vienna, and everything there has
+come to a stop. He has no assistants, no funds, with which to conduct
+further experiments. "May happier lands or cities carry the work on," he
+writes at the end.
+
+It seems as though some rich American ought to stake the old boy.
+
+   *   *   *   *
+
+Steinach has naturally found it more difficult to give new youth to
+females. But here, too, he has in a measure succeeded. X-ray treatment
+and ovarian transplantation are the methods employed.
+
+As to human experiments, there is a colleague of Steinach's named
+Lichtenstern, who has operated on numerous men and women with apparent
+success. There has not been time yet to measure how long their new lease
+of life is to be; but they have regained the joy of life they had
+lost--strength and powers of work. Still, all this needs confirming.
+
+In a rat it is the sexual impulses that are directly reanimated. He
+again knows the fevers of courtship, the conflicts of marriage; and
+whether he is glad to repeat these commotions depends on the rat. In
+man, however, the sexual impulses are more or less sublimated, so that
+the new energy may appear in any of the other forms of psychic activity.
+Whatever such faculties he has in him once more grow strong.
+
+   *   *   *   *
+
+How wonderful it would be if we could at least prolong certain
+lives--great writers like H. G. Wells and Conrad, great artists, great
+doctors. But in practice, the men who would get hold of this would be
+John D. Rockefeller and W. J. Bryan. The rich uncle would walk in and
+tell his hopeless heirs he had been to see Steinach. Senators would live
+forever. The world would grow harder for youth.
+
+Even were we able to control all this, and reserve the boon for the
+best, would it work? Say we did choose the right men--is it not too
+intimate a suggestion that we should set a man of science upon them,
+prepared with a little knife to slice one of their genital ducts? Men
+have fought all these years for the right to live. Have they no right to
+die? Must an old man who is needed by the public be condemned to live
+on, his aged cells stirred and restirred while we glean his brains bare?
+Some Socrates of the future may yet envy that other his hemlock.
+
+   *   *   *   *
+
+This, we say it regretfully, is the end of Mr. Day's article. It is
+admirable fooling. We will not pay his wit the poor compliment of taking
+him seriously at the last and pointing out to him that it was Heine who
+said, "Nobody loves life like an old man!" There will be no need of
+insistence to urge the old men, useful or useless, to submit to an
+operation to renew their youth. But it is to be hoped that they will
+never be asked to submit to the cutting of the genital duct. It seems to
+the writer that +The Athenaeum+ must have misconstrued Dr. Steinach's
+experiments in some degree, inasmuch as it is difficult to conceive of
+the operation of severing a genital duct as conducive to cell-formation.
+However, probably ligating is meant instead of severing. But this is not
+the point really brought out by Mr. Day's clever article. The real point
+is, Is it likely that if Mr. John Jones takes Dr. Brinkley's goat-gland
+operation for the renewal of his youth, and thereby adds thirty years to
+his life, and at the end of this thirty years of friskiness undergoes a
+second transplantation of glands, thereby gaining twenty years more, and
+at the end of this twenty years takes the operation a third time,
+securing a further lease of gaiety for ten years, will the final years
+of Mr. John Jones be years of acute psychic senility, as observed by Dr.
+Steinach in his rat? To the writer it seems a +non sequitur+. The cases
+are not parallel. The rejuvenated rat appears to regard his acquired
+vitality as impelling toward revelry and excess. It is necessary to
+emphasize the point that the pith and marrow of Dr. Brinkley's discovery
+is that since it is clearly shown that rejuvenation is accomplished by
+the restoration of activity to the sex-glands, therefore the
+preservation of this rejuvenation MUST depend upon the CONSERVATION of
+the seminal fluids, and cannot depend upon any other single factor
+whatever. It has been already explained that Dr. Brinkley puts it out of
+the power of the rejuvenated man to destroy the good that has come into
+his life, and protects him against the danger of yielding too freely to
+passionate impulse, by preventing the escape of the rejuvenating agent.
+The means of nourishing the body and brain being therefore insured as to
+supply, it is not reasonable to suppose that the nerve-cells of the
+rejuvenated man can fail to receive their proper nourishment for many
+succeeding years, and, passing by the rat as a fallacious parallel, we
+cannot see any good reason why the human body and brain, either under
+the guidance of self-control, or surgically safeguarded against the
+waste of excess, should not function at their best for fifty years of
+added life, with very possibly another fifty added to that. The real
+crux of the matter is the resistive quality of tissue, which is
+approximately 200 years for such organs as kidneys and heart, and, say,
+150 for nerve-substance.
+
+[Illustration: THE OPERATING ROOM AT THE BRINKLEY HOSPITAL]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII
+
+A WEEK AT DR. BRINKLEY'S HOSPITAL
+
+
+The writer, approaching the age of 54, and finding himself in
+first-class physical and mental condition, except for a high blood
+pressure, which was certainly the prelude to a later arterio-sclerosis,
+decided that he would be doing himself a service, and put himself in a
+better position to write with some authority upon the effects of the
+goat-glands, if he took the operation.
+
+On Saturday, April 16. 1921, Dr. Brinkley operated on him at the
+hospital, Milford, Kansas, transplanting the glands of a three-weeks old
+male goat. He remained in bed Saturday and Sunday, got up and went for
+an auto drive on Monday, and passed an uneventful week at the hospital,
+returning to Chicago on Saturday. He experienced a marked increase in
+mental energy, which might have shown itself also as increased physical
+energy if it had been put to the test. This feeling of added pep, snap,
+energy, or what you please to call it, could be psychological in its
+origin if it were not for the fact that it is continuous, with no
+set-backs. Every student of psychology is aware that auto-suggestion has
+the power to bring out latent energy, raise the drooping spirits, and
+generate a feeling of well-being. But the student, if he is a reasonably
+close observer, is also aware that these improved states of feeling have
+an annoying habit of being offset by corresponding periods of
+depression, and though he may persist in his effort to lift himself out
+of the black moods with such success that he finally arrives at a higher
+tone-level mentally, with a corresponding physical improvement, there is
+indubitably a strong sense of effort needed for this good result. When,
+therefore, the writer finds himself working long hours day after day
+with no sense of mental fatigue, but a certain unusual gaiety of heart
+accompanying the successive days, as if life were on the whole rather a
+lark, he, being accurately introspective, and not easily deceived into
+optimistic conclusions, is forced to give the whole credit for this
+change of spirit to the functioning of the new glands, and he is
+confirmed in this conclusion by the fact that the high blood pressure,
+which was noticeable enough before the operation, cannot now, ten days
+after the operation, be detected by him at all. Ten days is all too
+short a time in which to write of details in a matter of this
+importance. He expects to be able to confirm improvement in eyesight by
+the middle of May, and will be in a position to speak at greater length
+on the matter after the summer has passed. The intent of this chapter is
+to give a brief account of something he saw at Dr. Brinkley's hospital
+during the week of his treatment.
+
+Two weeks before his arrival a man suffering from locomotor ataxia had
+been carried in, unable to help himself at all. When the writer saw this
+man and talked with him he was up and dressed and walking about, without
+a cane, and he left for home after a total stay of something less than
+three weeks. In parting from him the doctor said, "You are on the
+high-road to complete recovery. I expect to hear that you are getting
+stronger every day. Practice in walking will bring back to you the old
+confidence and banish the helpless feeling that you are sure to fall.
+You see that you can control the motions of your feet and legs now as
+you could not before. Sensation has returned to the soles of your feet,
+and you can now turn yourself over in bed, which you could not do before
+without assistance. This means that the brain, spinal cord, muscles and
+will are co-ordinating again. This means that the goat-glands are
+actively working, dissolving scar-tissue, and bringing you back to
+health. But it is asking a good deal of a pair of goat-glands to do as
+much as they must do in your case to bring about complete recovery.
+I would rather give them some extra assistance. If you will come back to
+me, therefore, next Fall, to this hospital, I will put two new
+goat-glands into you; and I believe that with this extra help you will
+go right through to a complete cure without any trouble. The operation
+will not cost you a cent. I am anxious only to complete the good work.
+I may be wrong at that, and it is possible that the glands you have now
+will be enough to do the work, but if they do not, come back here for
+two more next Fall. Don't forget."
+
+This man had been everywhere for relief, and had taken every treatment
+known for his disease, with no results whatever, as he told the writer.
+"This is the first time for twelve years," he said, "that I have had any
+feeling in my feet. I am surely going to get well at last."
+
+In another case of the same disease the patient, when he came to the
+hospital, was taking morphine daily to relieve the lightning-pains. He
+could not stand upright with his eyes shut without falling, and if
+spoken to suddenly was likely to lose his balance and fall. He had not
+walked without a cane for several years. Twenty-four hours after the
+goat-gland operation he said that the pains had left him, and
+voluntarily stopped the morphine. In two weeks he was walking five miles
+before breakfast, without a cane to help him. He left the hospital a
+cured man. There has never been a case of true locomotor ataxia cured by
+any means whatever, in the history of man, until this Kansas surgeon,
+Dr. Brinkley, found the cure for it in this transplantation of
+goat-glands. Ataxia is an after-math of syphilis, in ninety-nine cases
+out of a hundred, and it is a question, which no layman can solve,
+whether the cause of the ataxia is in the disease, or in the mercurial
+treatment used to combat the disease. Another age, following this, may
+decide that the disease, syphilis, is less destructive of human tissue
+than the cure, Mercury. However that may be, the fact remains that
+goat-glands will cure Locomotor Ataxia, and they are apparently the only
+means of cure hitherto discovered.
+
+The writer talked with some of the townspeople of Milford regarding Dr.
+Brinkley's work. Their attitude was detached, but on the whole
+affirmative. They could not, as they put it, doubt their own eyesight,
+implying that they would do so if they could. They had seen case after
+case carried into the hospital, and they had seen those same people walk
+out and go their way to their homes. It was queer, they said, and wagged
+a critical head. So true is it in all parts of the earth that a prophet
+hath honor save in his own country! Here and there, however, the writer
+found a townsman who had nothing but words of praise and admiration for
+Dr. Brinkley's work. These always proved to be people who had had some
+relative under Dr. Brinkley's care at the hospital, and they were
+intelligent men who could give their reasons for their conclusions. They
+were proud of the lustre which Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland work was
+shedding upon the name of their village. Most of the townspeople,
+however, seemed to think that Dr. Brinkley should be proud of the town.
+Their engaging surliness of demeanor with regard to the miracles being
+performed in their village was a fascinating study to a city man, who
+saw here at its best the typical small-town attitude towards the big
+local thing. It is not peculiar to Milford. It is universal. It is as
+true in England and France and Belgium and Germany as in any little town
+in the United States. What do you suppose the country villagers thought
+of Fabre, the great French naturalist, probably to be hailed by the next
+generation as the greatest figure since Darwin? Without doubt they
+thought him mad, and if kindly, pitied him, or if savage, despised him.
+Meanwhile it is quite certain that the work of Dr. Brinkley has put the
+town of Milford, Kansas, on the map, and, if you do not find it on the
+railroad map you may some day consult, it will help a little to say here
+that you go from Kansas City, Missouri, by the Union Pacific Railroad to
+Junction City, Kansas, and from that point change to a little branch
+line which carries you to Milford. The depot at Milford is about a mile
+from the village itself. You will find an auto at the depot which will
+carry you to the hospital, where you will be met by Dr. or Mrs.
+Brinkley, or Miss Lewis, the Head Nurse, and where you will be very
+comfortable if you decide to make a stay of a week or so for personal
+reasons. The food is good, and the Kansas air fresh and bracing and
+plentiful. Winds are indeed common, but the village is safely out of the
+track of the Kansas cyclones, and the storm cellar is unknown. The
+hospital is spotlessly clean and a marvel of completeness in equipment.
+The preparations for the gland transplantation are simple but thorough;
+a test of spermatic fluid, a blood test, a test for blood pressure,
+a blood count, and a purgative the night before the operation, with no
+breakfast on the morning of the operation. You will eat a good lunch in
+bed, however, on that day, and miss no meals afterwards. Briefly, the
+writer can say honestly that the pain of the operation is no more than
+the twinge of a toothache.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX
+
+SUMMARY
+
+
+Dr. Brinkley's employment of the goat-glands for the past three years of
+continuous operating, therefore, has proved to his satisfaction and to
+that of his patients that the testes in men and the ovaries in women
+furnish a secretion which has the property of a revivifying fluid when
+restored to the system by the currents of blood and lymph. In that
+commonly fatal condition of the arteries which follows rapidly upon the
+state of blood pressure known as hardening of the arteries, or
+arterio-sclerosis, a practically incurable condition hitherto, the
+results obtained by the goat-gland transplantation are miraculously
+swift. When the arteries are, as the doctor puts it, "as hard as
+pipe-stems," they grow in a few weeks, sometimes in a week, soft and
+pliable. The change, according to Dr. Brinkley, is brought about in the
+walls of the arteries themselves, and is not a process of dissolving the
+accumulations or deposits of calcareous material within the arteries.
+The change is in the material of the walls of the arteries, producing a
+return of the condition of elasticity, permitting expansion and
+contraction as in youth.
+
+It is a favorite theory with some modern writers that the physical
+change from youth to age is accompanied in the body, and in a sense
+caused by, the deterioration in the quality of the cells of the body,
+and they call this change a breaking-down process by which the finer and
+more highly differentiated cells, such, for example, as the nerve-cells,
+and others which have high and complicated duties to perform, are
+displaced by cells of an inferior type, which they name conjunctive
+cells, much as the common sparrow drives away the songbirds from the
+home garden and, usurping the place of the songbird, substitutes a
+wretched twitter for the golden notes of the warblers which once
+delighted our ears. The common cells, also, on usurping the place of the
+nobler cells, are unable to perform the difficult duties of the latter,
+and the result upon human organism is disorder, decay, disease, etc.,
+contributing to, if not causing, the condition of old age. This is an
+ingenious but not convincing theory. Our knowledge of histological
+processes is too incomplete at this stage to permit its acceptance as
+fact. It assumes too much to be known which is quite unknown. Moreover,
+it refutes itself upon examination in this particular, and in several
+others, that if it were true that these inferior cells are on the
+lookout to invade instantly any part of the human organism in which
+there was a breaking down of nerve-tissue, for example, then it would be
+impossible to build new nerve-tissue to take the place of that which was
+destroyed, because its place, according to this theory, has been already
+taken by an intruder who cannot be dislodged. But new nerve-cells are
+constantly being rebuilt, and constantly being put to use in the
+organism. If this theory were true, then a brain in middle age would be
+unable to function because of the impossibility of renewing its cells.
+
+A much more reasonable and probably true explanation of the cause of old
+age is the gradual disappearance of animal matter in the bones and
+tissues, and the corresponding increase of the mineral matter in the
+bones and tissues, amounting to ossification of cartilage, whereby the
+supple cartilage, losing its animal content, becomes practically bone by
+deposit of lime particles. This would also account in a common-sense
+manner for the fragility of the bones of the aged, the brittleness being
+due to calcareous deposits in the substance of the bone itself, in
+excess of the normal mineral contents of the bones in youth. The
+function of the seminal fluids, therefore, appears to be to restore to
+the aging tissues this property, this animal matter, which when in its
+right ratio and proportion in the cells of the organism produces the
+condition of youth. The action of these seminal fluids, therefore, seems
+to be two-fold, a dissolving and a nourishing. The distinction should be
+clearly made that the action is NOT merely stimulating. The stimulation
+of a nerve-cell is a temporary excitement. We speak of the stimulation
+of alcohol, and this illustration gives a clearer view of the difference
+between the nourishing action of the seminal fluids and a stimulating
+action than we could obtain by the employment of many words. It is
+interesting to remember that while it is possible to increase the
+mineral particles of soda, potash, lime, iron, silica and magnesia in
+the blood and lymph, it is practically impossible for us to increase the
+animal contents of the cells by any method of medication or dieting
+known to us. Only Life can produce this change in the cells, and only
+this method of gland-transplantation has furnished a means of impressing
+Life into service to work for us in this matter. To produce the effects
+which are needed to rejuvenate a body that has increased its mineral
+matter at the expense of its animal matter we require the co-operation
+of glands made active, because only the glands, in the marvelous
+chemistry of the body, are able to compound the animal substances
+required to nourish the cells, tissues and organs of the body, and to
+dissolve and remove those injurious substances of a mineral nature which
+have accumulated in excess in cells and tissues, usurping the place of
+the animal matter in the cells because of the inactivity of function
+generally, and the poor elimination of waste matter, as the years pass.
+This is the re-creative and rejuvenating work of the gland secretions.
+It is beyond us to say exactly what these secretions consist of. We know
+the importance of their presence in blood and lymph only by the
+disasters that follow their absence. The thyroid gland and parathyroids,
+for instance, seem to be connected by some close sympathy with the
+activity or non-activity of the interstitial glands, and the atrophy of
+one is often accompanied by the atrophy of the other. The subject is
+still hidden in darkness to the extent of insufficient knowledge on our
+part of the exact constituents of the active agents in the secretions of
+the testes, thyroids, suprarenals, pituitary and other glands. Time and
+further opportunity for experiment are needed to show to what extent the
+goat-gland transplantation can be used to remedy goitre, epilepsy and
+the graver lesions of paralysis. The use of the goat-glands is too
+recent to admit of anything but speculation on these points. There would
+seem to be no good reason to doubt that if the male organs of a young
+goat do rejuvenate the atrophied testes of a man, which Dr. Brinkley has
+abundantly proved they do, the thyroid gland of a young goat might be
+expected to restore the atrophied thyroid of a human being. This again
+is only conjecture, Dr. Brinkley's work up to the present having been
+confined to the transplantation of testes and ovaries. But he expects to
+find time during the present year to satisfy himself of the results of
+such important experimental work as is here indicated. It is possible
+that his visit to Europe this summer may be the means of enlarging his
+field considerably, although it would appear that if he had six pairs of
+hands and could keep all employed in continuous service he could
+scarcely cope with the demands upon his time which any and all countries
+of the earth may be expected to make when his work is known. In ten
+years, no doubt, gland-transplantation, particularly goat-gland
+transplantation, for the renewal of youth in man and woman will be so
+usual as to occasion neither wonder nor hilarity. But we are not living
+ten years from now, but at this present moment, and Dr. Brinkley's
+operation to-day is a marvel, a wonder and a joy. There is a
+satisfaction in being in the van. It is fine to be the first to do a big
+thing, especially if that big thing is something of the most practical
+value to humanity. Mankind has always crowned its great generals, its
+great destroyers of life. Here is a man who comes forward to preserve
+life. That is his mission, if you like. Certainly it is his life work.
+It is a noble work. The question in the writer's mind is, What will they
+do to him? How will they take him in England? Will they applaud, or
+crucify, or neglect? Probably they will show him something of the
+generous hospitality of England, and leaven this with a plentiful
+sprinkling of ridicule, because the subject of the goat lends itself to
+humor of the obvious kind. But it is our belief that the hard, practical
+common sense of the Anglo-Saxon will lead them to make the utmost use of
+this opportunity of his visit, and, having got him, it is to be expected
+that they will know enough to keep him. This is quite as much their
+opportunity as his. While they sharpen their wit upon the sacrificial
+goat and make merry, they are pretty sure to make full use of his
+knowledge and skill while they have him with them, and might make things
+so pleasant for him that he might say, when the summer is over and he
+looks back upon the white cliffs of Dover, returning to his own country,
+"This is a good land. I have enjoyed the trip. I like the people. I will
+return next summer, and for many summers thereafter."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X
+
+THE SPARK OF LIFE
+
+  +By J. R. Brinkley, M.D., C.M., Ph.D., Sc.D.+
+
+  Chief Surgeon, Brinkley-Jones Hospital and Training School
+  for Nurses, Milford, Kansas
+
+
+  (Written October, 1920)
+
+For many years scientists have believed that a part, or all of the
+glands of the human body influenced longevity. They believed our glands
+contained the "life spark." Men for hundreds of years have been seeking
+the "fountain of youth." Ponce de Leon when he landed in Florida and saw
+the beautiful springs and flowers thought he had found it, and so
+announced to the world. Long ago we learned that the pituitary gland
+influenced growth and development. For instance if the pituitary gland
+over-functioned we had Giantism. If it under-functioned the opposite was
+the result--a dwarf. If the thyroid gland was at fault we would have
+either the low mentality commonly spoken of as cretinism, or myxedema.
+We found that by feeding children the fresh gland substance a marked
+improvement would be obtained and sometimes a cure. Some years ago there
+was a surgical craze which called for the removal of the women's
+ovaries. It was thought that many nervous troubles, including epilepsy,
+etc., were due to diseased ovaries, so the surgeons removed ovaries just
+about as promiscuously as tonsils and teeth are now taken out. After a
+while they found a woman without ovaries was about ruined, so something
+had to be done, and ovarian extracts and substances were fed to the
+unfortunates. Good results were obtained so long as the feeding process
+kept up, but if the feeding was stopped, the miserable symptoms
+returned. One factor was always in evidence, that a woman who had no
+ovaries never menstruated again. Premature change of life (menopause)
+resulted. Ageing took place early. A loss of interest in the pleasant
+things of life existed. As a wife or companion for the home the woman
+was worse than useless. Her life was so miserable that all who came in
+contact with her were made miserable, also. She was unsexed, and one of
+the "sparks of life" had been taken away. She assumed characteristics of
+the male. If the testes of a man are removed he will assume the
+characteristics of a woman. Many changes will take place. His mind is no
+longer clear, he tires easily, cannot concentrate upon any subject, and
+has marked loss of memory and of physical well being. The things that
+once appealed to him are now undesirable. The opposite sex are repulsive
+and he shuns their society. A man or woman who suffers the premature
+loss of their glands of regeneration will become more or less defective
+mentally and their life will be materially shortened.
+
+At one time a favorite expression was, "A man is as old as his
+arteries." We know better than this now. A man is just as old as he
+feels, when said feeling is directed to his sex organs. The first sign
+of old age is impotency, and more men are reaching a premature impotency
+than ever before in the history of the world. Their glands are burning
+up, as it were. After impotency is well on its way arterio-sclerosis or
+hardening of the arteries is noticed, then the mental inefficiency, as
+well as physical weakness. Right on the heels of impotency comes
+prostatitis. I was taught in medical school that nearly all men suffered
+from an enlarged prostate and prostatitis: that it was one of the
+diseases of "old age"; that we were heir to it and might expect it to
+show up after the age of 45. I was also taught that arterio-sclerosis
+was another disease of old age, and all men were heir to it. However, we
+are beginning to awaken to a few things. We are approaching the dawn of
+a new day. We are beginning to understand the whys and wherefores. While
+I have been criticized and called everything under the sun, except an
+angel, I expected as much, and I am ready to face the world with my
+facts; not theories. I have a long and hard fight before me yet.
+
+[Illustration: THE TOGGENBURG GOATS]
+
+The cures that I have effected by gland transplantation up to the
+present time are enough to justify me for all of my work and efforts
+along this new line of science. Should I never operate again, I feel
+justly repaid and know that I have started something that will go on and
+on and live forever. Gland transplantation for the cure of disease
+within the next ten years will be as common as the removal of a diseased
+appendix is now. You can hardly pick up a daily paper without reading an
+account of some surgeon performing a wonderful operation of
+transplanting bone or tissue from some animal to replace that which was
+diseased in the human. Why not borrow what we need from the animal? We
+use their flesh for food. We also use their gland substances in the
+fresh or dried form to supply our bodies with whatever we may not
+possess.
+
+My first efforts in gland transplantation were directed towards the cure
+of sterility. A man came to me who had been impotent for sixteen years.
+Every known means had been used in his case. My experiments in the use
+of glands from animal to animal, led me to believe that if the gland
+from a goat could be transplanted into the human body this impotency and
+sterility could be overcome. This man was willing to try anything as he
+was 46 and his wife was 42. They were very anxious for a male child.
+Twelve months after the transplantation I delivered his wife of a
+10-pound baby boy, who is alive and well today. In appreciation of what
+the goat glands had done for them they named the baby "Billy." He lives
+within four miles of me now. This first case being a wonderful success
+encouraged me to experiment with humans on a larger scale. Willing
+subjects were not easy to obtain. After obtaining, it was difficult to
+operate. The operation or experiment could not be performed in any of
+the general hospitals. Ethics as well as country and little town gossip
+forbid such work. It was necessary for me to build a hospital of my own
+so that my experiments could be carried on without the public or
+profession knowing anything about them. If good results were obtained I
+could announce to the world; if none were obtained the matter could be
+dropped. After four male children had been born, due directly to gland
+transplantation, the news leaked out, and has swept the world like
+wildfire. While I was transplanting glands for sterility, other
+beneficial effects were noted by me as well as my patients. Now, since I
+have transplanted glands into more than 600 men and women it is an easy
+matter to give some comprehensive statistics. A complete record is kept
+of each case and follow-up letters are used so that we are in a pretty
+fair way to estimate just what we are doing. Five cases of insanity have
+been cured to date. The great difficulty in obtaining insane people for
+operation is, they are confined in a state institution, and the
+authorities will not permit their removal, especially when their loved
+ones tell the "higher ups" they wish Dr. Brinkley, "the gland man," to
+transplant goat glands. "Oh, no, it's all rot and will never do!"
+However, we have operated upon five cases and have cured five cases.
+After awhile we will break down this great wall of prejudice, and insane
+people will be ordered out for this operation. At present when habeas
+corpus proceedings are all that will obtain the release, and gland
+transplantation is the object, not much of a chance exists. I am going
+to mention one of our very interesting cases, as the man lives only
+about 15 or 20 miles from me in Dickinson County, Kansas. His name is
+Lon Jones, and his case is known far and wide within the state of
+Kansas. My writing about Mr. Jones will not be the betrayal of a
+professional secret. He is anxious for the world to know about it. Some
+six weeks or two months before I was called to see him he was stricken
+suddenly, insane. He had mounted his horse and was driving his cattle
+home for the night when it was noticed by others that he acted "queer."
+He began to whip and fight his steed as well as the cattle unmercifully.
+He dismounted or fell off his horse and at first was thought
+unconscious. A physician was called, another, and another, and his case
+was diagnosed as Dementia Praecox. Violent in character. He wanted to
+kill his doctor, or commit some rash act. One of the first acts was to
+try and give away all of his land and stock as well as corn and feed.
+
+It was unsafe for his wife and children to be near him. Men remained
+with him, day and night. Finally his guards had to tie him in bed. His
+arms and feet were securely fastened, as well as his body, to a heavy
+iron bed. Application for his entry into the state institution had been
+made when I was called. With the assistance of neighbor men he was
+conducted into my hospital here. Immediate gland transplantation was
+performed, and three days after said operation he asked me to remove his
+irons so that he could rest comfortably. He informed me that he was in
+his right mind and we need have no further fear of him. Soon afterwards
+he was permitted to roam around the building and over town. He went home
+more than a year ago and is transacting his business as a sane man
+should. No evidence of his former trouble has occurred. He did not know
+until the day that we discharged him what my line of treatment had been.
+Another notable case was that of a man who had spent 11 years of his
+life in three state institutions for the insane in New York. He left
+here entirely cured and is now holding an important position in New York
+City. Another case was that of a young man who became insane suddenly.
+His first act was to try and murder his father and mother, his greatest
+bitterness being directed towards his mother. He attempted to kill me
+when I approached him, and it was necessary to open a bottle of
+chloroform and stand at a safe distance and throw the anesthetic in his
+face and eyes. Less than a week after the operation he was in his right
+mind, and has been so since. Another case of a young man who became
+insane and was violent. He secured a number of rifles and shotguns and
+barricaded himself in a corn field. When he learned I had been sent for
+he was worse than ever, and if it had not been for his mother I would
+have been killed. I operated upon him immediately, and for one week
+after the operation I could not visit him. However, he soon was in his
+right mind, and when it was told to him what he had done he went to
+Indianapolis, Ind., and secured a position. His shame was so great that
+he could not remain where he was known. After two years he returned home
+and resumed work where he had left off. The fifth case was just as
+interesting as the above.
+
+I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is almost
+impossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia. When a man writes me
+he also asks his family physician, who very quickly informs him "there
+is nothing to it; it's all bunk!"
+
+My cases have ranged in age from 18 to 75 years. My patients that are
+from 60 to 75 years of age write me they feel as they did when they were
+boys 18 years of age. I have transplanted glands for almost every
+conceivable disease and have received splendid results in almost every
+case. All cannot be cured, but all of them can be greatly benefited. At
+this writing I have with me as a patient a noted United States Senator
+from Washington, D.C. He has been treated by Dr. Cary T. Grayson, the
+president's personal physician, as well as taking 3 years of treatment
+at Johns Hopkins Hospital. He is depressed and discouraged. He speaks of
+suicide. He has been operated on only two days and I venture to say that
+before his week is passed he will be a different man.
+
+My greatest number of men come for impotency, next for prostatitis, and
+many for a general improvement in health. Many come with but one
+purpose--to prolong their lives. I believe that those who receive gland
+transplantation will live much longer than without it. Possibly as much
+as from 10 to 25 years can be added. Then successive transplants can be
+made, and we have no idea how long they will live. Their skin takes on
+the appearance of youth. I know that after the ovaries have been
+transplanted into women who have none their menses return on a 4-day
+period regularly. Women who had passed the menopause have a return flow.
+Hardening of the arteries as well as high blood pressure are returned to
+normal in 100 per cent of the cases. Eyesight is improved from 50 to 100
+per cent. A well-known judge was operated upon by me a short time ago,
+and his eyesight was so much improved that he could no longer wear
+glasses of any kind. Men who had not heard for 16 years write me that
+since gland transplantation they can hear the tick of a watch. In women
+a development of the bust is noted and the wrinkles disappear from their
+cheeks. Chronic constipation is cured as well as old chronic skin
+diseases, such as psoriasis, eczema, etc.
+
+With the best will in the world I am unable to describe on paper just
+how my fellow practitioners should perform this operation, because I
+never meet with precisely similar conditions in any two cases. I can say
+positively that I do not know just what I shall do until the case itself
+is under my hands in the operating room. The operation is simple in
+itself, but in my early days of operating I made a number of mistakes
+because I was on new ground, and there was no authority from whom I
+could learn the technique. Now, after my six hundred operations have
+taught me what to do and how to do I am able to avoid these earlier
+mistakes, and as a consequence I hardly ever have an operation that is
+not a success. Not very many months ago I was called to San Francisco to
+re-operate on a number of cases which had gone wrong in the hands of a
+fellow practitioner. I re-operated on these cases successfully. The
+surgeon who had performed the operation in the first place is skilful
+and experienced in all lines of surgical work, but in this particular
+line of transplanting of goat-glands into human bodies in such wise that
+the tissue of the goat will blend with and nourish the human tissue no
+living man except myself has had the necessary experience to teach him
+through his successes and failures, what to do and how to do it. Nor
+should I be successful if today, in spite of all the work I have done
+with the Goat-Glands, I should relinguish the goat-gland in favor of the
+human-gland or the monkey-gland. Results have taught me that I made a
+wise choice in pinning my faith to the young goat as the healthiest
+possible animal from which tissue could be used for transplanting into
+human bodies. The goat is immune to practically all diseases. The human
+being and the monkey, on the other hand, are liable to tuberculous or
+some tropical disease. For his splendid work with human glands I give
+full credit to Dr. Frank Lydston of Chicago, who was not only the
+pioneer in this use of human glands, but actually made his first
+transplantation upon himself. This is but another instance of that fine
+confidence in our beliefs and convictions which is typical of the
+medical profession as a whole. In the use of the human-gland Dr. Lydston
+is as supreme as I am in the use of the goat-gland, and you must
+understand that in saying this I am not throwing bouquets at myself in
+idle vanity. I have a clear cold reason for saying this. I have devoted
+my life to this particular work, and have brought it to a point where I
+can speak with authority upon it. I foresee that because of the
+marvelous results obtained by the transplanting of the goat-glands at my
+hospital there will be a great awakening of interest in this operation
+on the part of the public and the medical profession. A great many
+operations of a similar character will be performed not alone in this
+country, but all over the world. A great many of these operations will
+be unsuccessful because the experience of the operator will not have
+taught him what to do under certain unusual conditions, or rather, what
+to do under any and all conditions. In the face of an unsuccessful
+operation this work will be blamed, and the theory upon which I work,
+namely, that the sex-energy is the basis of all human energy, physical
+and mental, will be given a setback, and scouted as untrue. But I am
+constantly proving its truth by the results I get, and find its
+confirmation in the effect of successful goat-gland transplantation in
+both men and women. Therefore I am urgent in saying that the work must
+be rightly done in the first place to obtain right results.
+
+Briefly, the operation for men means that the glands of a three weeks'
+old male goat are laid upon the non-functioning glands of a man, within
+twenty minutes of the time they are removed from the goat. In some cases
+I open the human gland and lay the tissue of the goat within the human
+gland. The scrotum of the man is opened by incision on both sides under
+local anesthetic. Conditions of the case may show that there are
+adhesions of tissue which must also be broken down before the new gland
+can function. I find that after being properly connected these
+goat-glands do actually feed, grow into, and become absorbed by the
+human glands, and the man is renewed in his physical and mental vigor.
+
+The operation upon women means that the ovaries of a female goat not
+more than twelve months of age are removed and inserted into the woman.
+If the woman's organs are sound and merely inert and atrophied, the new
+ovary will find its way to its proper position and begin the work of
+restoring the arrested functions, so that the act of menstruation, for
+example, which has ceased because of the atrophic condition of the
+woman's ovaries, begins again and continues on a normal twenty-eight day
+period. The effect of the new glands upon women is even more noticeable,
+if such a thing were possible, than upon men, since in their case the
+rejuvenation is more striking in the changed appearance. But though I
+claim much, and with good reason, for this operation, I warn against
+undue expectations. In many cases I advise against the operation as a
+sure waste of time and money. In many cases I explain that the results
+will be experimental only, there being nothing in my experience to
+warrant assurance of success. For instance, in blindness and deafness I
+have no faith that this operation will remove the disease in spite of
+the fact that in almost every case operated upon there is great
+improvement in the sight and hearing. But I have no certain knowledge
+why this improvement followed. It partakes, therefore, of the nature of
+an accident. In the case of very fat people the operation trims them
+down to normal weight. Very thin people are built up to normal weight by
+it. Barren women and impotent men become mothers and fathers. But in no
+case do I permit a grandfather or grandmother to entertain the hope that
+they may be rejuvenated to such an extent that they can procreate again
+if they wish. This is mere romance, with which I have nothing to do. Nor
+do I advise a young woman of forty who has not reached the menopause
+stage to take the operation if she is in good health, in spite of her
+belief that the goat-glands will enable her to remain indefinitely
+young. This is experimental work, and is not in the same class as the
+case of the same woman who has just passed through her menopause and
+ceased to menstruate. By all means I advise the latter to take the
+operation because I feel that it will rejuvenate her. If a woman has had
+both ovaries removed by surgical operation, will this operation grow new
+ovaries for her, and enable her to become a mother? At this stage of my
+knowledge my answer is, "Certainly not." If a man has lost both glands
+by surgical removal will this operation grow new glands for him? Nine
+times out of ten, "No." The tenth time, "Yes." I do not know why.
+
+I can use only a certain breed of goat, a Swiss milk goat, and only
+animals of a certain youth. My goats cost me about $75 each on an
+average, and that is one reason why it would be impossible to conduct
+this work as a free surgical clinic might be conducted, unless the
+undertaking were specially endowed with funds to meet the expense.
+
+Some time in the month of June I expect to make a trip to London,
+England, and will be away possibly until the end of August. Even the
+month of May in Kansas is sometimes too hot for this operation to be
+successfully performed, and I make it a rule to suspend operations
+entirely throughout June, July and August. Experience has taught me that
+when the outdoor temperature is high the operation will almost certainly
+be unsuccessful, and on account of the cost involved, as well as for the
+saving of time and trouble for the patient, it is in the highest degree
+unwise to go contrary to this rule. If the glands are transplanted
+during very hot weather they will almost certainly slough, which means
+re-operating later.
+
+In many cases that are brought to me I do not operate or even advise
+that the goat-glands be transplanted later. I cannot go into details of
+such cases in these pages, but might cite the case of a man, syphilitic,
+who was sent to me. Certainly I have never made the statement anywhere,
+at any time, that this operation would cure syhpilis. The man is being
+treated now for syphilis, and should not have been sent to me at all.
+
+I quote the case of a woman of forty, who is normal in every way, and
+the picture of health at the present time. Her desire is that she may
+never grow to look any older than she does at this moment, and she asks
+me if this gland-operation will hold her at the point she has now
+reached. Frankly, this is pure experiment. I do not know. After another
+ten years of work in this gland-surgery I might be able to give her a
+definite opinion, but not at this stage, seeing that my oldest cases go
+back only three years. On one point only I can speak with positiveness,
+namely, if I cannot answer this question there is no man living who can
+answer it, because I am the only man alive who can give an opinion on
+this work that is founded on first-hand knowledge. We learn in this work
+only by experience, and we draw just conclusions only from +quantity+ of
+experience. No other man alive has had this experience in sufficient
+quantity to justify him in forming a conclusion derived from his facts.
+This is my answer not only to those who listen to encouraging advice
+regarding the effects of this operation tendered by surgeons who are
+embarking in this goat-gland operation, but also to those general
+practitioners who inform patients asking their opinion in the matter
+that the operation is useless because the glands are certain to slough,
+I hold that they are not qualified to speak on the subject because they
+have no knowledge. I have the most positive knowledge that when the
+operation is rightly performed the glands do NOT slough, and my
+knowledge is founded upon the hard facts of much experience. In another
+ten years I shall know more than I know today because I shall have added
+to my facts, and among those facts there may be some which confirm the
+hope of the woman of forty alluded to above that this gland
+transplantation may hold the condition of youth steady as something
+static, which will not be suffered to pass. At present I do not know,
+and if I offer an opinion it is to be understood that it is only a
+guess. My guess, then, would be that in this case the operation would be
+a waste, producing no effect whatever, neither adding to nor detracting
+from the condition of health and normal function which is present today.
+
+
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+
+The One Best Way Series of New Thought Books. Each 96 pages and cover,
+green silk cloth bound, printed on heavy egg-shell paper, size 5x7.
+Written by Sydney B. Flower. Price each, $1 postpaid to any part of the
+world; four shillings and twopence in Great Britain.
+
+No. I. Will-Power, Personal Magnetism, Memory-Training and Success
+(illustrated).
+
+No. II. The Biochemistry of Schuessler.
+
+No. III. The New Thought System of Physical Culture and Beauty Culture
+(illustrated).
+
+No. IV. The New Thought System of Dietetics.
+
+No. V. The Goat-Gland Transplantation, originated by Dr. J. R. Brinkley
+of Milford, Kas., U.S.A.
+
+Address New Thought Book Department, 722-732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill.,
+U.S.A.
+
+NOTE--The Chicago New Thought office closes from March 31st to September
+1st, each year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+
+
+VOLUME II OF NEW THOUGHT
+
+Beginning October, 1921, ending March, 1922, comprising six numbers,
+each 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B. Flower, will be
+issued monthly at a markedly REDUCED SUBSCRIPTION PRICE, namely, Single
+Copies in the U.S.A. and Possessions, 10 cents a copy; 50 cents a year
+of six numbers; Canada and Foreign, 12 cents a copy; 60 cents a year.
+Great Britain, sixpence a copy; 2/6 a year.
+
+Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September
+1st, each year.
+
+Volume II of NEW THOUGHT will maintain the high level attained in Volume
+I. The same contributors. Dr. Brinkley, Ella Wheeler Wilcox, William
+Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta Jean Rowell, Nate
+Collier, Charles H. Ingersoll, Athene Rondell, Charles Edmund DeLand and
+others will continue their valuable series throughout the year.
+
+The cartoons of Nate Collier and the articles of Arthur Brisbane will
+continue as special features.
+
+Many new writers will be added.
+
+The editor will contribute a series of six articles upon the effects of
+Dr. Brinkley's Goat-Gland Transplantation, speaking from first-hand
+knowledge and inviting question, comment and discussion.
+
+  SPECIAL THREE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION OR
+  ONE YEAR SUBSCRIPTION TO THREE
+  DIFFERENT ADDRESSES
+
+We make a special rate for three year subscriptions in the U.S.A. and
+possessions of $1 for Volume II, October, 1921, to March, 1922,
+inclusive, or one year subscription to three different addresses at the
+same rate, $1; Canada and Foreign, $1.50; Great Britain, six shillings.
+We invite you to take fullest advantage of this attractive offer.
+
+Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
+
+
+VOLUME I OF NEW THOUGHT
+
+A monthly magazine, 32 pages, 6x9, edited and published by Sydney B.
+Flower, comprising 196 pages of reading matter in seven issues, viz.,
+Oct., Nov., Dec, 1920, and Jan., Feb., March, April-May, 1921.
+
+Price, bound in cloth, $2.50, or Ten Shillings, postpaid to any part of
+the world.
+
+Volume I of NEW THOUGHT contains: Seven articles written by J. R.
+Brinkley, M.D., on his wonderful goat-gland transplantation work;
+a series of articles on New Thought by such famous writers as Ella
+Wheeler Wilcox, William Walker Atkinson, Anne Beauford Houseman, Alberta
+Jean Rowell, Veni Cooper-Mathieson, of Australia, and Nate Collier of
+New York; a series of articles on Astrology by Athene Rondell; a series
+of articles on Spirit-Phenomena by Charles Edmund DeLand; and begins a
+series by Charles H. Ingersoll on the Single Tax. The volume includes
+five regular monthly cartoons by Nate Collier; with special articles by
+Arthur Brisbane, most highly paid writer in the United States, stating
+the case against spiritualism; and a number of special articles by the
+editor and others on Health, Psychology, etc.
+
+The brightest and most vital and most fascinating magazine published.
+Volume I is to be had only in its bound form, and the number of copies
+is limited. No plates were made and the type is destroyed. The book is
+therefore a unique and limited first edition.
+
+Orders for this book will be accepted now, to be filled not later than
+September 15, 1921, in the order of their receipt, cash to accompany
+order.
+
+Cash will be returned immediately to unsuccessful applicants. We shall
+not reprint this book, after this bound edition is exhausted, in the
+original and complete form in which you may now procure it.
+
+Address: NEW THOUGHT, 732 Sherman St., Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
+
+Note: The Chicago NEW THOUGHT office closes from March 31st to September
+1st, each year.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Typographical Errors Noted by Transcriber
+
+_Unless otherwise noted, errors were left as printed. Some variations
+such as hyphenization may be carried over from quoted material._
+
+  phemonena familiar to all of us  [phenomena]
+  has sometimes made a laporotomy necessary [laparotomy]
+  the belief now general among genetists and anatomists
+    [_form "genetists" may be correct for 1921_]
+  incision in the acrotum  [scrotum]
+  On the other hand, in Locomoter Ataxia  [Locomotor]
+  his cures of Locomoter Ataxia by the goat-gland operation  [Locomotor]
+    [_these two misprints are on the same page_]
+  and thirty-five other Chicago men and women by Dr. J. R. Brinkley
+    [_invisible period in Dr. supplied by transcriber_]
+  Dr. Brinkley's operation to-day is a marvel
+    [_anomalous hyphen at mid-line_]
+  Ageing took place early.  [Aging]
+  I have operated upon and cured 5 cases of locomotor-ataxia. It is
+  almost impossible for me to get cases of locomotor-ataxia.
+    [_anomalous hyphens unchanged_]
+  I should relinguish the goat-gland  [relinquish]
+  that this operation would cure syhpilis  [syphilis]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Goat-gland Transplantation, by 
+Sydney B. Flower and John R. Brinkley
+
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