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diff --git a/29373.txt b/29373.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d3e433e --- /dev/null +++ b/29373.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1107 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Educational Work of the Girl Scouts, by +Louise Stevens Bryant + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Educational Work of the Girl Scouts + +Author: Louise Stevens Bryant + +Release Date: July 11, 2009 [EBook #29373] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EDUCATIONAL WORK--GIRL SCOUTS *** + + + + +Produced by David Edwards, Marcia Brooks and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was made using scans of public domain works put online +by Harvard University Library's Open Collections Program, +Women Working 1800 - 1930) + + + + + + + + + + DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR + BUREAU OF EDUCATION + + + BULLETIN, 1921, No. 46 + + + EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE + GIRL SCOUTS + + + LOUISE STEVENS BRYANT + EDUCATIONAL SECRETARY GIRL SCOUTS + + + [Advance sheets from the Biennial Survey of Education in + the United States, 1918-1920] + + + [Illustration: DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR] + + + WASHINGTON + GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE + 1921 + + + ADDITIONAL COPIES + OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM + THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS + GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE + WASHINGTON, D. C. + AT + 5 CENTS PER COPY + + + + +EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE GIRL SCOUTS. + +By LOUISE STEVENS BRYANT, + +_Educational Secretary, Girl Scouts._ + + +CONTENTS.--History and growth--Activities--Methods--Organization. + + +Do you believe that girls should like to work at home, to cook and clean +house and mind the baby? Do you believe that a girl should like to take +care of her clothes and be able to make them; that she should know how +to be thrifty and to conserve the family money in buying and using food +and clothing; that she should play a fair game and put the group above +her personal interests? Do you believe that she should value a strong +healthy body above clothes and cosmetics, and rejoice in the hope of +being some day the healthy mother of healthy children? + +If you do, you believe in the Girl Scouts, for in this organization the +girls learn all these things in such a happy way that they _like_ to do +them, which means that they keep on doing them. + +The Girl Scouts, a national organization, is open to any girl who +expresses her desire to join, and voluntarily accepts the promise and +the laws. The object of the Girl Scouts is to bring to all girls the +opportunity for group experience, outdoor life, and to learn through +work, but more by play, to serve their community. Patterned after the +Girl Guides of England, the sister organization of the Boy Scouts, the +Girl Scouts have developed a method of self-government and a variety of +activities that appear to be well suited to the desires of the girls, as +the 89,864 scouts and the 2,500 new applicants each month testify. + + + + +HISTORY AND GROWTH. + + +Girl Scouts and their leaders, to the number of 89,864, were in 1920 +organized in every State, and in Hawaii, Porto Rico, and Alaska. There +are troops in 1,400 cities, and local councils in 162 places. This +represents a tremendous growth since the founding by Mrs. Juliette Low +in March, 1912, of a handful of enthusiastic "Girl Guides" in Savannah, +Ga. In 1915 the growth of the movement warranted its national +incorporation; so headquarters were established in Washington, D. C., +and the name changed to Girl Scouts, Incorporated. In 1916 the +headquarters were removed to New York, and are now located at 189 +Lexington Avenue. + +From the start the organization has been nonsectarian and open to all +races and nationalities. Through the International Council the Girl +Scouts are affiliated with the Girl Guides of England and all parts of +the British Empire, and similar organizations in other parts of the +world. + +At the 1920 meeting of the international conference at London, reports +were received from Italy, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Poland, Norway, +Sweden, Denmark, Holland, Portugal, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Brazil, +Argentina, Japan, China, and Siberia, as well as from all parts of the +British Empire, and the United States. + +From a membership of 9,769 in January, 1918, the girl scouts grew to +89,864 in 1921, at the rate of nearly 10 to 1 in three years. The +greatest relative growth was in 1918, when the membership grew fourfold. +During 1919 the increase over the preceding year was more than +two-thirds, while in 1920 the relative increase was one-third. The +details are as shown in the accompanying table. + +This growth is due to a spontaneous demand of community after community +for scouting for girls, and not to deliberate propaganda on the part of +the national headquarters. The reasons for it are therefore to be sought +in the activities and methods themselves, which make such widespread +appeal. + + + + +ACTIVITIES. + + +A glance through the handbook, Scouting for Girls, will show that the +activities of the girl scouts center about the three interests--Home, +Health, and Citizenship. + +_Home._--The program provides incentives for practicing woman's +world-old arts by requiring an elementary proficiency in cooking, +housekeeping, first aid, and the rules of healthful living for any girl +scout passing beyond the Tenderfoot stage. Of the forty-odd subjects for +which Proficiency Badges are given, more than one-fourth are in subjects +directly related to the services of woman in the home, as mother, nurse, +or home-keeper. + +_Growth of Girl Scout membership, Jan. 1, 1918, to Jan. 1, 1921--Active +registrations._ + + January 1. Officers. Increase. Scouts. Increase. Total. Increase. + + 1918 1,314 ...... 8,455 ...... 9,769 ...... + 1919 3,823 2,509 36,847 28,392 40,670 30,901 + 1920 5,357 1,534 61,754 24,907 67,111 26,441 + 1921 6,839 1,482 83,025 21,271 89,864 22,753 + +Into this work, so often distasteful because solitary, is brought the +sense of comradeship. This is effected partly by having much of the +actual training done in groups. Another element is the public +recognition and rewarding of skill in this, woman's most elementary +service to the world, usually taken for granted and ignored. + +The spirit of play infused into the simplest and most repetitious of +household tasks banishes drudgery. "Give us, oh, give us," says Carlyle, +"the man who sings at his work. He will do more in the same time, he +will do it better, he will persevere longer. Wondrous is the strength of +cheerfulness; altogether past comprehension its power of endurance." + +While the place of most production is to-day outside the home, much of +the final preparation of goods, particularly food and clothing, is still +done there. So that, while the homecrafts are far from being the vital +necessities they once were, they are still needed. + +Handicrafts of many sorts enter into the program of the girl scouts. In +camping, girls must know how to set up tents, build lean-to's, and +construct fireplaces. They must also know how to make knots of various +sorts to use for bandages, tying parcels, hitching, etc. Among the +productive occupations in which Proficiency Badges are awarded are +cooking, house planning, beekeeping, dairying and general farming, +gardening, millinery, weaving, and needlework. + +While production has left the home, consumption is increasingly the +business of the home-keeping woman. There are few purchases, even for +men's own use, which women do not have a hand in selecting. Practically +the entire burden of household buying in all departments falls on the +woman, who is thus in a position to learn how to spend wisely and make +the most of each dollar. In France this has long been recognized, and +the women of the middle classes are the buying partners and bookkeepers +in their husbands' business. + +The girl-scout organization encourages thrifty habits and economy in +buying in all of its activities. The scout troops are self-supporting, +and are expected to earn most of their equipment by means of rallies, +pageants, plays, as well as by individual effort. One of the 10 scout +laws is that "A girl scout is thrifty." + +_Health._--The girl scout learns that "a cheerful scout, a clean scout, +a helpful scout is a well scout. She is the only scout that really _is +prepared_." So that health, physical and mental, is the keynote to the +scout activities, which are calculated to develop the habit of health, +rather than simply to give information about anatomy or physiology. +Personal health is recognized by the badge of "Health Winner," given to +the girl who for three months follows certain rules of living, such as +eating only wholesome food, drinking plenty of water, going to bed +early, exercising in the open air, and keeping clean, and who shows the +result by improved posture, and by the absence of constipation and +colds. Outdoor sports, swimming, boating, and dancing are other +health-producing activities. + +Of all health-promoting activities, camping is the best, and this means +all stages of life in the open, from the day's hike, with one meal out +of doors, to the overnight or week-end hike, and finally the real, big +camp, open all summer. Girl scouts learn how to dress for outdoor +living, how to walk without fatigue, and how to provide themselves with +food, warmth, and shelter, so that "roughing it" does not mean being +uncomfortable. + +During 1920, 50 large girl-scout camps were maintained in 16 States. +These are self-supporting, and as they are open for 10 weeks as a rule +and accommodate about 50 girls at a time, they give an opportunity to +several thousand for the best sort of holiday. + +The idea is to have enough camps to give every scout the experience. To +promote this work national headquarters maintains a camping section and +has published a book, "Campward Ho!" which gives full directions for +organizing and running large, self-supporting camps for girls. + +Community health habits are quite as important as the purely personal, +and the older girl scout is expected to become a "health guardian," +which means that she takes an intelligent interest in the things +pertaining to public health, such as playgrounds, swimming pools, school +lunches, the water and milk supplies, clean streets, the disposition of +waste and garbage, the registration of births, and the prevention of +infant mortality. She also learns how to help in times of emergency as +first aid, in sickness as home nurse, and at any time as child nurse. + +A scout whose mind is filled with interesting facts about birds and +animals and trees, and who is busy playing games with her companions or +in making useful and beautiful things and in rendering active service to +her home and community, is apt to have a healthy mind without thinking +much about it. And she has a little rule for the blue times, which is +"to smile and sing under all difficulties." + +_Citizenship._--The basic organization of the girl scouts into the +self-governing unit of a patrol is in itself an excellent means of +political training. Patrols and troops conduct their own meetings, and +the scouts learn the elements of parliamentary law. Working together in +groups, they realize the necessity for democratic decisions. They also +come to have community interests of an impersonal sort. This is perhaps +the greatest single contribution of the scouts toward the training of +girls for citizenship. Little boys play not only together but with men +and boys of all ages. The interest of baseball is not confined to any +one age. The rules of the game are the same for all, and the smallest +boy's judgment on the skill of the players may be as valid as that of +the oldest "fan." Girls have had in the past no such common interests. +Their games have been either solitary or in very small groups, in +activities largely of a personal character. If women are to be effective +in modern political society, they must have from earliest youth +gregarious interests and occupations. + +Among the scout activities that tend to develop this larger community +sense are games, athletic sports of all kinds, including team work and +competition between small, well-knit groups. Folk dancing and other +forms of amusement, such as dramatics, pageants, and story-telling, +serve a similar purpose because they all mean the possession of a +resource not only for the right use of the girl's own leisure time, but +for serving this need in the community. + + + + +METHODS. + + +The activities of the girl scouts are, of course, not peculiar to this +organization. Every one of them is provided for elsewhere, in schools, +clubs, and societies. But the way in which they are combined and +coordinated about certain basic principles is peculiar to the girl +scouts. + +In the first place all these activities have a common motive, which is +preparation for a fuller life for the individual, not only in her +personal but in her social relations. It is believed that both the +habits formed and the concrete information acquired contribute to the +girls being ready to meet intelligently most of the situations that are +likely to arise in their later life. This concept is expressed in the +girl scout's motto, "Be prepared." + +The method of preparation followed is that found in nature, whereby +young animals and birds _play_ at doing all the things they will need to +do well when they are grown and must feed and fend for themselves and +their babies. + +The heart of the girl scouts' laws is helpfulness, and so the scouts +have a slogan: "Do a good turn daily." By following this in letter and +spirit, helpfulness becomes second nature. + +Because the girl scouts are citizens they know and respect the meaning +of the flag, and one of the first things they learn is the pledge: + +"I pledge allegiance to my flag, and to the Republic for which it +stands; one Nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." + +Some observers have criticized the girl-scout organization because of +its apparently military character. It is true that the girls wear a +uniform of khaki and are grouped in patrols corresponding to the "fours" +in the Army; that they salute and learn simple forms of drill and +signaling. But the reason they do these is because the military +organization happens to be the oldest form of organization in the world, +and it works. It is the best way men have found of getting a number of +persons to work together. Following directions given to a group is quite +a different matter from doing something alone, and most of us need +special training in this. A group of eight has been found to work the +best, because it is the largest number that can be handled by a person +just beginning to be a leader, and, moreover, elementary qualities of +leadership seem to exist in just about the proportion of one in eight. +It is probably on this account that children take so kindly to the form, +rather than because of any glamor of the army, though this must be +admitted as a factor. In actual practice the drill and signaling take up +a very small portion of the program and are nowhere followed as ends in +themselves, but only as a means to an end. + +_Uniform._--The uniform is simple, durable, and allows freedom of +action. It is of khaki because this has been found to be the best +wearing fabric and color. It is not easily torn and does not readily +soil. Wearing it gives the girls a sense of belonging to a larger group, +such as it is hard to get in any other way. It keeps constantly before +them the fact that they represent a community to whose laws they have +voluntarily subscribed, and whose honor they uphold. It is well, too, to +have an impersonal costume, if for no other reason than to counteract +the tendency of girls to concentrate upon their personal appearance. To +have a neat, simple, useful garb is a novel experience to many an +overdressed doll who has been taught to measure all worth by +extravagance of appearance. + + + + +ORGANIZATION. + + +The outstanding feature of the girl-scout organization is its voluntary +character. Among some 7,400 officers and leaders of girl scouts +throughout the country in the fall of 1920, just 211 were "paid +workers." This is about 3 per cent. The organization is actually a great +volunteer school of citizenship in which the women of the country share +with their younger sisters the results of their own experience in ideals +and practical working knowledge of community living. Scout troops are +organized either independently or in connection with public and private +schools, churches, settlements, and other associations. + +_Scouts of different ages._--The original girl-scout program was +designed mainly with the needs of the young adolescent in mind, and the +age was fixed from 10 to 18 years. But the little girls wanted to come +in, and so a separate division was made for them called the Brownies or +Junior Scouts. Then the older girls and women wanted to join, and as +time went on the original girl scouts grew up but not out of the scout +movement, and programs are being made for Citizen Scouts who are 18 and +over. + +The three age groups seem to be natural ones, and each has its own +methods and activities. The Brownies are formed into packs, under the +leadership of a "Brown Owl," and play games and learn self-help and how +to "lend a hand" to their families. The Citizen Scouts are expected to +be self-directing and to take actual part in the life of the community +and, either as wage earners or service givers, to pay their way. + +But the large majority of all girl scouts belong to the middle group. +More girls register at 13 than at any other age. This is interesting, as +it marks the age of susceptibility to social ideas, shown also by the +fact that it is the most common age of religious conversion. It is also +the age of first crime. The distribution of ages at first registration +is shown by the accompanying table. + +The organization of the regular girl scouts is as follows: + +_Ages of Girl Scouts at first registration._ + + ------------+--------+----------- + Ages. | Number.| Per 1,000. + ------------+--------+----------- + | | + 6-9 | 440 | 5 + 10 | 6,059 | 73 + 11 | 9,130 | 110 + 12 | 14,857 | 179 + 13 | 16,434 | 198 + 14 | 14,276 | 172 + 15 | 10,707 | 129 + 16 | 5,810 | 70 + 17 | 3,486 | 42 + +--------+----------- + Total 10-17 | 80,759 | 978 + 18 and over | 1,826 | 22 + +--------+----------- + Grand total | 83,025 | 1,000 + ------------+--------+----------- + +_Patrol._--Eight girls form a Patrol, which is the working unit. One of +them is elected patrol leader and has charge of the activities for as +long as the patrol wishes. It is desirable to have each girl of a patrol +serve as a leader at some time or other. + +_Troop._--One or more patrols constitute a Troop, which is the +administrative unit recognized by the national organization. The Troop +meets weekly and wherever possible at a place which "belongs" to it. +When possible troops should meet outdoors. The troops are +self-supporting and earn money for all equipment as well as for camps +and hikes or special activities. Troops are registered with national +headquarters and pay annual dues of 50 cents for each member. They also +have their own local dues, generally 5 or 10 cents weekly. + +_Captain._--The troop is under the direction of a Captain, who must be +at least 21 years of age and whose qualification as a leader of young +girls is passed upon by national headquarters before she is +commissioned. + +_Lieutenant._--A captain may have one or more Lieutenants, who must be +at least 18 years of age, and whose commissions are likewise subject to +control by national headquarters. Captains and lieutenants may be +organized into associations in any given locality. + +_Scout classes._--There are three classes of girl scouts, the youngest +being the "Tenderfoot," the name given by frontiersmen to the man from +the city who is not hardened to the rough life out of doors. Even the +Tenderfoot, however, has to know some things, including the promise, +laws, slogan, and motto; how to salute and the respect due to the flag; +how to make an American flag; and how to tie at least four kinds of +useful knots. She must also have earned enough money to buy some part of +her scout equipment. + +The "Second-class" scout has been a tenderfoot for at least one month +and can pass a test of distinctly greater difficulty. This includes, +under home interests, the ability to make fires in stoves and out of +doors, to cook a simple dish so that it will be palatable, to set a +table for two courses, to make an ordinary and a hospital bed, and to +sew. + +Under health interests, she must know the main rules of healthful +living, her own height and weight, and their relation to the standard; +some simple first-aid points such as stopping bleeding, removing speck +from eye, and bandaging a sprained ankle. She must also have a variety +of facts at her command that will keep her alert and interested when out +of doors, such as an acquaintance with animals, birds, and plants, the +use of a compass, the alphabet of a signal code; and must demonstrate +her ability to observe her surroundings accurately and quickly so as to +report upon them. + +Under topics preparing for citizenship she must know the history of the +American flag, how to prevent fire, and what to do in case of fire, and +must have served her troop, church, or community in some way and earned +or saved money for some personal or troop equipment. + +The highest rank is that of "First-class" scout, and is to be attained +only by a young person of considerable accomplishment. She must be able +to find her way about city or country without any of the usual aids, +using only the compass and her developed judgment of distance and +direction. She must also be able to communicate and receive messages by +signaling. She must have shown proficiency in home nursing, first aid, +and housekeeping, and, in addition, in either child care, personal +health, laundering, cooking, needlework, or gardening. She must also be +an all-round outdoors person, familiar with camping and able to lead in +this, or be a good skater or a naturalist or be able to swim. Not only +must she know all these different things, but she must have trained a +tenderfoot, started a savings account, and served her community in some +tangible way. + +_Proficiency badges._--After a girl scout has attained to first class +there are still other worlds to conquer, as the badges she has earned on +the way are only a few of the many to be worked toward. There are no +less than 47 subjects in which a scout may achieve, and more are being +added. Just to mention a few: A girl scout may be an artist, a +beekeeper, a business woman, a craftsman, or a dancer; an electrician, a +farmer, a flower finder, a horsewoman, an interpreter, a motorist; or a +musician, a scribe, a swimmer, or a star gazer. The highest award given +is the Golden Eaglet, which means the earning of 21 Merit Badges, of +which 15 are in required subjects. + +About 2,000 Merit Badges are earned a month. An analysis of the subjects +shows that home nursing is the most popular, with 126 of each 1,000 +earned. Laundress comes next with 97. First aid is next with 67. +Needlewoman, child nurse, cook, pathfinder, health guardian, flower +finder or zoologist, and home maker complete the first 10 most popular +badges, with between 61 and 38 in each 1,000. The details are shown in +the accompanying table. + +_Local councils._--Where troops are numerous it is usual to form a +council composed of women and men representing all the best interests of +the community: Parents, schools, religious denominations of all sorts, +business, producers, women's clubs, and other social and philanthropic +organizations. The council acts as the link between the girl scouts and +the community. It has the same relation to the separate troops that the +school board has to the schools--that is, it guides and decides upon +policies and standards, interprets the scouts to the community and the +community to the scouts. It does not do the executive or teaching work; +that belongs to the directors, captains, lieutenants, and patrol +leaders. + +One function of the council is to interest public-spirited women and +men, particularly artists and scientists, in girl-scout work and to get +them to act as referees in awarding proficiency badges. + +But wisdom is to be sought not only in large cities, where there are +schools and museums, laboratories and studios. It is a poor community +that does not have at least one wise old person--a farmer learned in +nature's ways, a retired sailor stocked with sea lore, or a mother of +men who knows life as perhaps no one else can. The wise council will +know where to find these natural teachers and see that the scouts go to +their schools. + +Another prime function of the council is to raise funds and to make +available such material equipment as camp sites, meeting places for the +troops, etc. The captain should turn to the council for help in +arranging and directing rallies, dances, fairs, pageants, and other +devices for entertainment or securing money. + +_National organization._--The central governing body of the girl scouts +is the national council, holding an annual convention of elected +delegates from all local groups. The national council works through an +executive board, which meets monthly and conducts national headquarters +in New York. The national director is in charge of headquarters and his +direct responsibility for the administration of the whole organization, +with the general divisions of field, business, publication, and +education, each in charge of a secretary. + +The field work is administered through 14 regions, each covering several +States, and in charge of a regional director, who helps in the formation +of local councils, the training of captains, and acts as general +supervisor and consultant for all work in the district. + +Under business comes the handling of mails, all the work of the shop +where uniforms, insignia, books, badges, flags, and other equipment are +sold, and the distribution of material ordered by mail. + +There are three classes of publications: First, a monthly journal, The +American Girl. Second, pamphlets and articles for general propaganda and +publicity; these are handled by the editorial and publicity staffs, +respectively. Third come publications of a technical nature, like the +official handbooks for scouts and officers and outlines for training +courses. These form part of the work of the education department, which +has general oversight of all that pertains to training for leaders and +the development of standards of work, including the important feature of +coordinating the girl scouts with the other educational and social +organizations. Camping also forms a part of the work of the education +department. + +During 1919 and 1920 the following publications were issued: + + _Scouting for Girls:_ The official handbook, 576 pages. + + _Campward Ho:_ A manual for girl-scout camps, 192 pages. + Designed to cover the needs of those undertaking to organize + and direct large, self-supporting camps for girls. + + _The Blue Book of Rules for Girl Scout Captains:_ All + official rules and regulations, 32 pages. + + _Training Courses:_ (1) Outline for 32-period course, 17 + pages. (2) Introductory course, 10 periods, 16 pages. + + _Girl Scout Health Record:_ Booklet form for recording points + for health winner's badge. + + _Miscellaneous Pamphlets:_ Averaging 8 pages; 128,325 copies. + +_Need for leaders._--The growth in membership has been twice as rapid +among the scouts as it has among the officers, as may be seen in the +table already given. For every scout in 1918 we have 10 in 1921. For +every officer in 1918 we have but 5 in 1921. For some time to come, +therefore, the energy of the national officers must be directed toward +the securing of properly trained leaders. + +Colleges and higher schools are responding to a gratifying extent with +the introduction of training courses in scouting for girls. Within two +years courses have been given at the following colleges or +universities: Adelphi, Boston, Bryn Mawr, Carnegie Institute, +Cincinnati, Converse, Elmira, Hunter, Johns Hopkins, Missouri, New +Rochelle, Northwestern, Pittsburg, Rochester Mechanics' Institute, +Rochester University, Rockford, Simmons, Smith, Syracuse, Teachers' +College, and Vassar. Also at the following higher schools: Battle Creek +Normal School of Physical Education, Brooklyn Training School for +Teachers, Chautauqua Institute, Chicago Normal School of Physical +Education, Community Service Council of Marquette County, Mich., +Manhattan Trade School for Girls, Milwaukee Normal, State Normal at +Pittsburgh, Pa., Washington State Normal, and Western State Normal, +Mich. The following schools and colleges are asking for courses: +Chicago, Cornell, Detroit Normal, Kalamazoo, Michigan State Normal, +Pennsylvania State, and Temple University. + +Through cooperation with the deans of women in all parts of the country, +and with the Intercollegiate Community Service Association, the college +women are being influenced to take up scouting as an extra academic +activity before graduation, and as a form of community service in their +home towns later. + +In addition to this work through existing educational bodies, many +special courses are conducted in connection with the organizations of +local councils. + +The First National Training School for Girl Scout Officers has been +conducted for four years, the last two years at Long Pond Camp in +Plymouth, Mass. During the summer of 1920 special training camps were +also held in connection with the councils of Greater New York, +Cincinnati, and Harrisburg, with instruction given under the auspices of +national headquarters. Five such camps are planned for 1921, located in +Plymouth, Central Valley, in the Catskills, Lake Mohegan, N. Y., +Philadelphia, and Cincinnati. + +_Scouting in the public schools._--Only that organization for young +people can succeed which contributes directly to their chief business, +which is getting an education. One reason the girl scout organization is +received so cheerfully by school people is that it works into the +school's own plans to a remarkable degree. Local councils have a larger +representation from the public schools than from any other single +agency. Scout leaders are drawn largely from the teaching force because +teachers naturally have a better insight into the needs of young people +than any other single group. + +In a few places this interest has resulted in the gradual assimilation +of scouting into the school system. At Fort Scott, Kans., this work has +progressed furthest, with 90 per cent of all pupils of scout age, either +boy or girl scouts. Supt. Ramsey made a most favorable report on this +situation at the Cleveland meeting of the Department of Superintendence +of the National Education Association in 1920. Among essential features +he mentioned the following: + +The boy scout executive and girl scout commissioner act as recreational +directors and have charge of all the health education and vocational +guidance. + +A room is set aside in the Junior High School for all scout work which, +however, is passed upon by a council, including persons outside of the +school force. + +Through glee clubs and choruses great interest in community singing and +other music has been developed. The scout organization is helping to +solve the dress problem for both boys and girls. + +"To give the modern ideals of education would be to state the ideals of +scouting." The modern teacher is increasingly well fitted to become a +good scout leader. + +Scouting may best be promoted through the public school, because that is +the only organization that includes all the boys and girls. Moreover, +because of close daily association, leaders of school troops can insure +each scout being an active scout. + +The school also benefits by scouting in a number of ways. Older pupils +stay in school longer because of their interest in scouting than because +of any other influence. "A year of work in scouting will do as much +toward acquainting a teacher with the ideals of teaching as a year spent +in any college or university of the country." Finally, scouting secures +the interest, attention, and good will of the parents to the public +schools. + + _Girl Scout badges earned in 1919-20._ + + -------------------------------+---------+----------- + Subject. | Number. | Per 1,000. + -------------------------------+---------+----------- + | | + 1. Home nurse | 2,852 | 126 + 2. Laundress | 2,192 | 97 + 3. First aid | 1,523 | 67 + 4. Needlewoman | 1,389 | 61 + 5. Child nurse | 1,267 | 56 + 6. Cook | 991 | 44 + 7. Pathfinder | 990 | 44 + 8. Health guardian | 923 | 41 + 9. Flower finder or zoologist | 878 | 39 + 10. Home maker | 861 | 38 + 11. Citizen | 732 | 32 + 12. Signaler | 647 | 28 + 13. Bird hunter | 636 | 28 + 14. Health winner | 600 | 26 + 15. Pioneer | 595 | 26 + 16. Artist | 592 | 26 + 17. Musician | 580 | 26 + 18. Interpreter | 578 | 25 + 19. Swimmer | 557 | 25 + 20. Business | 424 | 19 + 21. Cyclist | 422 | 19 + 22. Gardener | 393 | 17 + 23. Athlete | 345 | 15 + 24. Horsewoman | 266 | 12 + 25. Bugler | 254 | 11 + 26. Scribe | 216 | 10 + 27. Telegrapher | 192 | 8 + 28. Motorist | 190 | 8 + 29. Dairy maid | 190 | 8 + 30. Farmer | 187 | 8 + 31. Sailor | 130 | 6 + 32. Electrician | 101 | 4 + | | + Total | 22,693 | 1,000 + -------------------------------+---------+----------- + + +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE: + +On the second table, first column, the totals look a little confusing, +but properly read they are correct. The sub-total does not take into +account the first line (440) making the total 80,759. Adding it back in +gives the total of 81,199 plus 1,826 (18+) gives the correct grand +total. It has been left as in the original. + +There is a variation between girl-scout and girl scout; girl-scout +denotes the organization, and girl scout pertains to an individual. +They have been left as in the original. + +Only one typo found and corrected; susceptibility was misspelled as +"susceptibilty". + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Educational Work of the Girl Scouts, by +Louise Stevens Bryant + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EDUCATIONAL WORK--GIRL SCOUTS *** + +***** This file should be named 29373.txt or 29373.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/3/7/29373/ + +Produced by David Edwards, Marcia Brooks and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was made using scans of public domain works put online +by Harvard University Library's Open Collections Program, +Women Working 1800 - 1930) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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