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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Manufacturing Cost Data on Artificial Ice, by
+Otto Luhr and Herman Friedl
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Manufacturing Cost Data on Artificial Ice
+
+Author: Otto Luhr
+ Herman Friedl
+
+Release Date: July 11, 2009 [EBook #29375]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MFG. COST DATA--ARTIFICIAL ICE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Don Kostuch
+
+
+
+
+Manufacturing Cost Data
+ON Artificial Ice
+
+MADE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
+
+
+OTTO LUHR
+CONSULTING ENGINEER
+&
+HERMAN FRIEDL
+ARCHITECT
+
+ICE MAKING SYSTEM
+
+PATENT APPLIED FOR
+
+154 WEST RANDOLPH STREET
+CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+
+Ice for Commercial Purposes
+
+Ice for commercial purposes is obtained in two ways: either by cutting
+during the winter time from our lakes and rivers and storing in large
+Ice Storage Houses located alongside, or by freezing pure clean water
+by means of artificial refrigeration.
+
+All authorities are agreed that artificial ice is more sanitary than
+natural ice and it is only a matter of time when the use of natural
+ice will be prohibited except in special cases when the purity of its
+source of supply is beyond doubt.
+
+Our improved method of making artificial ice will cut the labor cost
+down to the minimum and will enable the manufacturer to profitably
+sell artificial ice at the price natural ice can be harvested. The
+logical result thereof will be the building of a large number of
+modern ice plants all over the country to supply the market with
+artificial ice in place of the present natural ice.
+
+We do not claim any wonders for our system but believe that the
+following points of advantage will convince any practical ice
+manufacturer that the labor cost has been cut in two.
+
+ First. We pull a complete row of the full width of tank at one time.
+
+ Second. Our air supply is permanently connected to the cans and the
+ supply to each can can be regulated, if required.
+
+ Third. We have a continuous air supply to the cans during freezing
+ as well as during thawing, dumping and filling. Our air supply never
+ ceases.
+
+ Fourth. Our air is automatically cooled down to the temperature of
+ the brine in the tank thereby eliminating all possibility of
+ moisture in the air pipes.
+
+ Fifth. Our cans are held in a solid frame of steel work and are
+ connected to the crane from the time the cans are pulled until they
+ are put back into the tanks, thereby doubling the life of the cans.
+
+We give herewith data covering the cost of manufacturing ice and will
+guarantee that under reasonably fair management the number of men
+required will not be exceeded.
+
+Do not fail to carefully analyze the following cost data. They may seem
+extremely low but a thorough study of our system will prove them to be
+very conservative.
+
+[1]
+
+
+NUMBER ONE
+
+Manufacturing Costs Per Ton of Ice
+Using Electric Power at Present Chicago
+Rates for Power and Labor
+
+Capacity of plant, 240 tons of ice per day, using 2692 cans of 400-lb.
+capacity.
+
+18000-ton storage house.
+
+Average current requirement for freezing one ton of ice, including
+storage cooling and all auxiliaries, 55 K. W. hours.
+
+Average cost per K. W. hour, .9 cent.
+
+Current cost per ton of ice, 55 x .9, equals 49.6 cents.
+
+Assuming one month's shut-down for inspection and repairs, the total
+output of 240 tons of ice for 333 days amounts to 79,920 tons, or
+roughly speaking 80,000 tons of ice.
+
+Adding 1/2 cent per ton of ice for the required heating, the total
+power cost of making 80,000 tons of ice is (80,000 x .50)
+
+ $ 40,000.00
+
+ENGINE ROOM LABOR COST:
+
+1 chief engineer per day $ 10.00
+
+3 engineers per day $ 8.00
+
+Total per day $ 34.00
+
+365 days at $34.00 equals $ 12,410.00
+
+
+or 12410 / 80000 = 15.62 cents per ton
+
+
+[2]
+
+
+ICE PLANT LABOR COST:
+
+3 men pulling ice and setting
+ it up in store-room. per day $ 6.00
+
+3 men in store-room per day $ 6.00
+
+1 shipping clerk per day $ 8.00
+
+Total labor per day $ 44.00
+
+365 days at $44.00 equals 16,060.00
+
+For filling the winter
+storage house and taking
+the ice out of it will
+require 3 additional men
+for five months,
+equals 150 days x $18.00, equals $ 2,700.00
+
+ Total Ice Plant Labor Cost Equals $18,760.00
+
+or 18670 / 80000 = 23.46 cents per ton
+
+240 tons of ice equal 1200---400-lb. cans. As 24 cans are pulled at
+one time it requires 1200 / 24 = 50 pulls per day, or one pull every
+29 minutes. The ice-puller has therefore ample time to set up all ice
+pulled in storage house as directed.
+
+Cost of Ammonia at 2 cent per ton $ 1,600.00
+
+Cost of Oil and Waste at 2 cent per ton $ 1,600.00
+
+Cost of Water at 3 cent per ton $ 2,400.00
+
+Cost of Salt at 72 cent per ton $ 400.00
+
+Plant Maintenance and Repairs $ 3,500.00
+
+
+or 3500 / 80000 = 4.37 cent per ton
+
+
+OFFICE EXPENSES:
+
+1 Manager and Salesman, per year $ 5,000.00
+
+1 Bookkeeper, per year $ 2,400.00
+
+Stationery, Telephone, etc $ 600.00
+
+Total Cost $ 8,000.00
+
+or 8000 / 80000 = 10 cent per ton
+
+
+[3]
+
+
+OVERHEAD CHARGES:
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $350,000.00 investment $ 28,000.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ value of land ($20,000.00) $ 1,600.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $10,000.00 working capital $ 800.00
+
+3 per cent depreciation on
+ $350,000.00 $ 10,500.00
+
+Insurance (estimated) $ 1,500.00
+
+Taxes (estimated) $ 3,500.00
+
+Total $ 45,900.00
+
+or 45900 / 80000 = 57.375 cent per ton
+
+Total Expense $134,570.00
+
+or 134570 / 80000 = $1.68.215 per ton
+
+Divided as follows:--
+
+ Manufacturing cost including office expense $ 1.10.840
+
+ Overhead charges $ 0.57.375
+
+
+ICE SALES ASSUMPTIONS:
+
+Month Ice Ice sold Ice stored Ice Sold Total Ice
+ produced direct per day from storage stored in 30
+ per day per day daily days
+
+January 240 65 175 5250
+
+February 240 65 175 5250
+
+March 240 115 125 3750
+
+April 240 165 75 2250
+
+May 240 300 60
+
+June 240 400 160
+
+July 240 400 160
+
+August 240 400 160
+
+September 240 350 110
+
+October 240 200 40 1200
+
+November 240 140 100 3000
+
+December None 65 65
+
+ Tons 20700
+ Less Tons 1950
+ Total Tons 18750
+
+
+During the month of December, the Ice Plant will be shut down for
+overhauling and repairs, and part of the ice stored during November
+will be sold in December, therefore, requiring a total storage
+capacity of 18,750 tons, of which 750 tons will be stored in the
+ante-room and 18,000 tons will be stored in the big winter storage.
+
+
+[4]
+
+
+NUMBER TWO
+
+Manufacturing Costs Per Ton of Ice Using
+Electric Power at Present Chicago Rates for Power and Labor
+
+240 TON CAPACITY PER DAY
+
+No Storage House for Surplus Ice
+
+ICE SALES ASSUMPTIONS:
+ Tons per day Total Tons
+January 65 1,950
+February 65 1,950
+March 115 3,450
+April 165 4,950
+May 240 7,200
+June 240 7,200
+July 240 7,200
+August 240 7,200
+September. 240 7,200
+October 200 6,000
+November 140 4,200
+December 65 1,950
+
+ Total output tons 60,450
+
+
+NOTE--These sales can only be realized if the dealer has at least
+18,000 tons of natural ice on hand to enable him to take care of the
+family trade during the hot months.
+
+If no large supply of natural ice is on hand hardly 50,000 tons can be
+sold, thereby increasing the cost per ton considerably.
+
+
+POWER COST:
+
+Due to numerous starting and stopping of compressor during the slack
+months the maximeter charges will be higher and therefore it must be
+assumed that 60 K. W. hours will be required per ton of ice instead of
+55 K. W. hours for continuous consumption.
+
+60 K. W. hours per ton of ice at .9 cent per K. W. hour equals 54
+cents per ton. Adding 1/2 cent per ton for the required heating the
+power cost for making 60,450 tons of ice equals 60,450 x 54.5 cents,
+equals $ 32,945.25
+
+
+[ 5 ]
+
+
+ENGINE ROOM LABOR COST:
+
+1 chief engineer per day $ 10.00
+
+3 engineers per day $ 8.00
+
+Total per day $ 34.00
+
+365 days at $34.00 equals $ 12,410.00
+
+or 12410 / 60450 = 20.54 cent per ton of ice
+
+
+ICE PLANT LABOR COST:
+
+(Using present method of pulling ice)
+
+May, June, July, August, September and October require:
+
+6 ice pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+3 air men per day $ 6.00
+
+6 storage house men per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 90.00
+
+184 days at $90.00 equals $ 16,560.00
+
+
+March, April and November require:
+
+6 pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+4 storage house men per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 60.00
+
+91 days at $60.00 equals $ 5,460.00
+
+
+December, January and February require:
+
+3 pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+3 storage house men per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 36.00
+
+92 days at $36.00 equals $ 3,312.00
+
+
+1 shipping clerk per day $ 8.00
+
+330 days x 8 equals $ 2,640.00
+
+Total Labor Cost $ 27,972.00
+
+or 27972 / 60450 = 46.27 cent per ton
+
+
+Cost of Ammonia at 2 cent per ton $ 1,209.00
+
+Cost of Oil and Waste at 2 cent per ton $ 1,209.00
+
+Cost of Water at 3 cent per ton $ 1,813.50
+
+Cost of Salt at 1/2 cent per ton $ 302.25
+
+Plant Maintenance and Repairs $ 2,800.00
+
+or 2800 / 60450 = 4.63 cent per ton
+
+
+[6]
+
+
+OFFICE EXPENSE:
+
+1 Manager and Salesman per year $ 5,000.00
+
+1 Bookkeeper per year $ 2,400.00
+
+Stationery, Telephone, etc $ 600.00
+
+Total Cost $ 8,000.00
+
+or 8000 / 60450 = 13.23 cent per ton
+
+
+OVERHEAD CHARGES:
+
+8 per cent Interest on
+ $280,000.00 investment $ 22,400.00
+
+8 per cent Interest on
+ value of land ($12,000.00) $ 960.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $8,000.00 working capita $ 640.00
+
+3 per cent depreciation on
+ $280,000.00 $ 8,400.00
+
+Insurance (estimated) $ 1,200.00
+
+Taxes (estimated) $ 2,500.00
+
+Total Overhead Charge 36,100.00
+
+or 36100 / 60450 = 69.72 cent per ton
+
+Total Expense $124,961.00
+
+or 124961 / 60450 = $2.06.72 per ton
+
+
+NOTE--If the LUHR & FRIEDL ICE MAKING SYSTEM is used, the Ice Plant
+Labor Cost will be as follows:
+
+May, June, July, August, September and October require:
+
+3 ice pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+3 storage house men per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 36.00
+
+184 days at $ 36.00 equals $ 6,624.00
+
+
+March, April and November require:
+
+3 ice pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+2 storage house men per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 30.00
+
+91 days at $ 30.00 equals $ 2,730.00
+
+
+December, January and February require:
+
+3 ice pullers per day $ 6.00
+
+1 storage house man per day $ 6.00
+
+Total per day $ 24.00
+
+
+92 days at $ 24.00 equals $ 2,208.00
+
+1 shipping clerk per day $ 8.00
+
+330 days x 8 equals. $ 2,640.00
+
+Total Labor Cost. $ 14,202.00
+
+or 14202 / 60450 = 23.49 cent per ton
+
+compared to 46.27 cent per ton, A SAVING OF 22.78 CENT PER TON.
+
+
+[7]
+
+
+[Illustration: Typical Design of a 160 Ton Steam Driven Ice Plant.
+Interior Details.]
+
+
+[8]
+
+
+[Illustration: Typical Design of a 160 Ton Steam Driven Ice Plant.]
+
+Exterior Cross Section
+In connection with
+Otto Luhr
+Consulting Engineer
+& Herman Fridel
+Architect
+Ice Making System
+Patent Applied For
+
+
+[9]
+
+
+NUMBER THREE
+
+Manufacturing Costs Per Ton of Ice Using
+Steam Power at Medium-Sized-Town Rates for Labor
+
+160-ton capacity per day.
+
+1,728--400-lb. cans.
+
+333 days continuous full output.
+
+12,000-ton storage house.
+
+
+COST OF POWER:
+
+A modern, highly efficient and economical steam driven high speed
+compressor plant must be installed so as to get the maximum power out
+of coal. The boiler room will contain two 250-H. P. water-tube boilers
+with automatic stokers and coal bin overhead holding two weeks' supply
+of coal. Steam pressure 175 lbs. As the firing of the boilers is
+automatic and requires practically no work on the part of the
+engineers, no firemen are needed. Ashes will also be removed
+automatically. The engine room equipment will consist of two 175-ton
+high speed compressors, direct connected to two Simple Condensing
+Una-flow Engines; also two generators, two cooling tower water pumps,
+two air compressors, switchboard, etc. All to be equipped with the
+latest labor and power-saving devices.
+
+Equipped as above, 25 tons of refrigeration can be easily obtained
+from one ton of ordinary 12,500 B T U coal. 1.8 ton of refrigeration
+is required to produce one ton of ice including the required cooling
+of storage house.
+
+Therefore the power cost of making one ton of ice with coal at $5.00
+per ton equals $5.00 divided by 25/1.8 = 37 cent. (One cent per ton
+of ice is added for heating of dipping tank water.)
+
+Assuming one month's shut-down for inspection and repairs, the total
+output of 160 tons of ice for 333 days amounts to 53,280 tons of ice.
+
+The total power cost of making 53,280 tons of ice is therefore,
+53,280 x 37 cent = $ 19,713.60
+
+
+[10]
+
+
+ENGINE ROOM AND ICE PLANT LABOR COST:
+
+1 chief engineer per day $ 8.00
+
+3 engineers per day $ 6.00
+
+1 shipping clerk per day $ 6.00
+
+3 men in Storage House per day $ 4.00
+
+Total per day $ 44.00
+
+365 days at $44.00 per day equals $ 16,060.00
+
+Additional labor cost for putting
+ 12,000 tons into winter storage and
+ taking out at $4.00 per day $ 1,200.00
+
+Total Labor Cost $ 17,260.00
+
+or 17260 / 53280 = 32.4 cent per ton
+
+Engineers will do their own firing of boilers and will pull all the
+ice. One pull required every 43 minutes.
+
+OFFICE EXPENSE:
+
+1 Office Man (Manager and Bookkeeper) $ 3,000.00
+
+Stationery, Telephone, etc. (per year) $ 300.00
+
+Total Office Expense $ 3,300.00
+
+
+or 3300 / 53280 = 6.2 cent per ton of ice
+
+
+Cost of Ammonia at 2 cent per ton $ 1,065.60
+
+Cost of Oil and Waste at 2 cent per ton $ 1,065.60
+
+Cost of Water at 3 cent per ton $ 1,598.40
+
+Cost of Salt at 1/2 cent per ton $ 266.40
+
+Plant Maintenance and Repairs $ 2,200.00
+
+
+or 2200 / 53280 = 4.1 cent per ton
+
+
+[11]
+
+
+OVERHEAD CHARGES:
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $220,000.00 investment equals $ 17,600.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ value of land ($10,000.00) $ 800.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ working capital ($7,500.00) $ 600.00
+
+3 per cent depreciation on
+ $220,000.00 $ 6,600.00
+
+Insurance (estimated) $ 1,000.00
+
+Taxes (estimated) $ 2,000.00
+
+Total overhead charges $ 28,600.00
+
+or 28600 / 53280 = 53.7 cent per ton
+
+Total Expense $ 75,069.60
+
+or 75069.60 / 53280 = $ 1.409 per ton
+
+Divided as follows:
+
+ Overhead charges $ 0.53.7
+
+ Manufacturing Cost (total) $ 0.87.2
+
+
+[12]
+
+
+NUMBER FOUR
+
+Manufacturing Costs Per Ton of Ice Using Steam Power at
+Medium-Sized-Town Rates for Labor
+
+100-ton capacity per day.
+
+1,080--400-lb. cans.
+
+333 days continuous full output.
+
+7,600-ton Storage House.
+
+
+COST OF POWER:
+
+A modern, highly efficient and economical steam driven high speed
+compressor plant must be installed so as to get the maximum power out
+of coal. The boiler-room will contain two 200-H. P. water-tube boilers
+with automatic stokers and coal bin overhead holding two weeks' supply
+of coal. Steam pressure 175 lbs. As the firing of the boilers is
+automatic and requires practically no work on the part of the
+engineers, no firemen will be needed. Ashes will also be automatically
+removed. The engine room equipment will consist of two 100-ton high
+speed compressors, direct connected to two Simple Condensing Unaflow
+Engines; also two generators, two cooling tower pumps, two air
+compressors, switchboard, etc. All to be equipped with the latest
+labor and power-saving devices.
+
+Equipped as above, 25 tons of refrigeration can be easily obtained
+from one ton of ordinary 12500 B T U coal. 1.8 tons of refrigeration
+is required to produce one ton of ice, including the cooling of the
+storage house.
+
+Therefore, the power cost of making one ton of ice with coal at $5.00
+per ton equals $5.00 divided by 25/1.8 = 37 cent. (One cent per ton of
+ice is added for heating of dipping-tank water.)
+
+Assuming one month's shut down for inspection and repairs, the total
+output of 100 tons of ice for 333 days amounts to 33,300 tons of ice.
+
+The total power cost of making 33,300 tons of ice is therefore,
+33,300 x 37 cent, equals $ 12,321.00
+
+
+[13]
+
+
+ENGINE ROOM AND ICE PLANT LABOR COST:
+
+1 Chief Engineer per day $ 8.00
+
+3 Engineers per day $ 6.00
+
+2 Storage House Men per day $ 4.00
+
+Total per day $ 34.00
+
+Total 365 days at $34.00 per day $ 12,410.00
+
+Additional labor cost for putting
+ 7,500 tons into winter storage
+ and taking out at $4.00 per day $ 750.00
+
+Total labor cost $ 13,160.00
+
+or 13160 / 33300 = 39.52 cent per ton
+
+
+Engineer will do his own firing of boilers and will pull all the ice
+and set it up in ante room if required. One pull required every 70
+minutes.
+
+Chief Engineer will act as shipping clerk.
+
+
+OFFICE EXPENSE:
+
+1 Office Man (Manager and Bookkeeper) $ 3,000.00
+
+Stationery, Telephone, etc. (per year) $ 300.00
+
+Total Office Expense $ 3,300.00
+
+or 3300 / 33300 = 9.9 cent per ton
+
+
+Cost of Ammonia at 2 cent per ton $ 666.00
+
+Cost of Oil and Waste at 2 cent per ton $ 666.00
+
+Cost of Water at 3 cent per ton $ 999.00
+
+Cost of Salt at 1/2 cent per ton $ 166.50
+
+Plant Maintenance and Repairs $ 1,500.00
+
+or 1500 / 33300 = 4.5 cent per ton
+
+
+[14]
+
+
+OVERHEAD CHARGES:
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $150,000.00 investment $ 12,000.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ value of land ($7,000.00) $ 560.00
+
+8 per cent interest on
+ $5,000.00 working capital $ 400.00
+
+3 per cent depreciation on
+ $150,000.00 $ 4,500.00
+
+Insurance (estimated) $ 700.00
+
+Taxes (estimated) $ 1,360.00
+
+Total overhead charges $ 19,520.00
+
+or 19520 / 33300 == 68.7 cent per ton
+
+Total Expense $ 52,298.50
+
+or 52298.50 / 33300 = $1.57 per ton
+
+Divided as follows:
+
+ Overhead charges 68.7 cent
+
+ Manufacturing Cost 98.3 cent
+
+
+[15]
+
+
+OTTO LUHR
+CONSULTING ENGINEER
+&
+HERMAN FRIEDL
+ARCHITECT
+
+ICE MAKING SYSTEM
+154 W. RANDOLPH STREET, CHICAGO
+
+[End of Document]
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note]
+
+I found this document and the attached papers and photographs among my
+father's papers. I offer it as an insight into the finances and
+structure of business and trades in the early 1900's.
+
+There are no dates included in this document but a Google search of
+"Otto Luhr" produced these items:
+
+ Mechanical and Refrigerating Engineer's Handy Book; Otto Luhr; 1913.
+
+ Automatic refrigerating liquid feeder and regulator;
+ United States Patent 1725875; 8/27/1929.
+
+ Refrigerator car; United States Patent 1642882; 9/20/1927.
+
+Since the title page states "Patent Applied For", this document was
+probably published around 1925.
+
+Note the prices quoted for materials and labor:
+Coal, $5.00 a ton. [In 2009, about $100/ton, down from $300 in 2008.]
+Unskilled Labor, $6.00/day; that's DAY, not HOUR.
+Skilled Labor, $8 to $10/day
+Electricity, $0.009/KWH [my latest bill (in 2009) was $0.1317/KWH]
+
+Note the job titles in the attached documents: Barnmen, Washers,
+Blacksmiths
+
+The word "MAINTAINANCE" is thus spelled in the original.
+
+Finally, the optimistic tone of the document contrasts with the
+decline of the ice business in the 1940's, fifteen years later. I
+remember the ice deliveries and the weight sign my mother put in the
+window before we got our first mechanical refrigerator after
+World War II.
+
+[End Transcriber's Note]
+
+[Illustration: Photograph of machinery.]
+
+[Illustration: Photograph of Detroit Creamery building exterior.]
+
+
+DETROIT CREAMERY COMPANY
+ORGANIZATION
+
+1 -- Board of Directors
+2 -- Operating Committee
+
+Harry A. McDonald President
+Nelson J. Dessert Vice president
+Carl F. Siclaff Vice president
+Harry J. Weigand Treasurer & Comptroller
+Jerome H. Remick Ice Cream Sales & Service
+J. Harry Brickley Retail Milk Sales
+Oliver G. Spaulding Legal Department
+Richard L. Baire Advertising
+Frank McVeigh Purchasing Department
+Ben F. Taylor Ice Cream Production
+Ben F. Taylor Ice Cream Delivery
+Edward C. Krahl Henry St. Production
+Doc Grayson Laboratory
+John Kostuch Plant Engineer--Maintenance
+John Kostuch Power & Refrigeration
+J. Harry Watson Transportation
+J. Harry Watson Shops
+H. Terry Snowday Wholesale Milk Sales
+Carl O. Tuttle Butter Department
+Tom Wood Credit & Collections
+J. McWilliams Detroit Creamery Farms
+
+
+
+TREASURER & COMPTROLLER
+Harry J. Weigand
+
+Accounting - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
+Loans & Contracts - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
+Appropriations - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
+Banks - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
+Account Dept Personnel - Detroit Creamery & Subsidiaries
+Credits & Collections
+Corporate Records
+Purchasing Department
+Legal Department
+
+
+PLANT ENGINEERING--MAINTAINANCE
+POWER and REFRIGERATION
+
+John Kostuch (Chief Engineer)
+
+Paul Culver (Consulting)
+Norman Mitehell (Technical) (Advisory) (Dept. Head)
+
+HENRY STREET (MAINTAINANCE)
+James Crunnley (In Charge)
+(a) Electrical & General (Ray Casson)
+(b) Conveyors, Bottle Washers, Fillers, Cappers (Howard Strauss)
+(c) All other Machinery (Assign Mechanics)
+
+HENRY STREET (POWER & REFRIGERATION)
+Harry Hollenbeck (In Charge)
+(a) Engineers
+(b) Firemen
+
+MAIN PLANT (MAINTAINANCE) (POWER & REFRIGERATION)
+John Kostuch (In Charge)
+
+
+REC. STATIONS & MFG. PLANTS
+John Kostuch (Chief)
+Elmer DeWitt(Asst)
+Frank Mortimer (Mech)
+C. S. McBride (Production Dept.)
+
+SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
+John Kostuch (Chief)
+Paul Culver--Norman Mitchell--Dept. Head
+
+MACHINE SHOP (MAIN PLANT)
+John Kostuch (In Charge)
+
+
+TRANSPORTATION & SHOPS
+J. Harry Watson
+
+Garages Detroit Subs. (Advisory)
+Auto Shops Detroit (Met. Area)
+ Subs. (Advisory)
+Paint Shops Detroit & Subs.
+Electrical Shops Detroit Subs. (Advisory)
+
+Carpenter Shops Detroit & Sub. (Advisory)
+
+Stables Detroit (Advisory)
+Barnmen Sub. (Advisory)
+Washers
+Blacksmiths
+
+Wagon Shops Detroit & Subs
+Harness Shops Detroit & Subs.
+Plumbing Shops Detroit
+Sign Shop Detroit & Subs.
+Tin Shop Detroit & Subs.
+Special Delivery
+and Trucking Detroit (Main)
+Branch Trucking
+Special Trucking
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Manufacturing Cost Data on Artificial
+Ice, by Otto Luhr and Herman Friedl
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MFG. COST DATA--ARTIFICIAL ICE ***
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