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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/30133-0.txt b/30133-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..994f1d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/30133-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3411 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30133 *** + +{613} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 217.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I. 613 + + The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c. 614 + + Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas 615 + + County Rhymes 615 + + Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal) + and the Giant, by Frances Robert Davies 616 + + FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES:--Yorkshire Tradition--Custom on St. + Thomas's Day--Custom on Innocents' Day--Marriage Custom at + Knutsford, Cheshire--Folk Lore in Hampshire--Propitiating + the Fairies--Cornish Folk Lore--King Arthur in the Form of + a Raven--St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire--New + Year's Eve and New Year's Day 617 + + MINOR NOTES:--Carlist Calembourg--Jewish Custom--Lachlan + Macleane--German Tree--The late Duke 618 + + QUERIES:-- + + The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin 619 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Barrels Regiment--Okey the Regicide--Lady + Mason's Third Husband--Creation of Knights--Martyn the + Regicide--History of the Nonjurors--Florin and the Royal + Arms--A Mistletoe Query 620 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Sewell Family--Greek + Epigram--Translations from Æschylus--Prince Memnon's + Sister--"Oh! for a blast," &c.--Robin Hood's + Festival--Church in Suffolk 621 + + REPLIES:-- + + Children called Imps 623 + + The Divining Rod 623 + + Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c. 624 + + Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c. 624 + + Books burned by the common Hangman, by W. + Fraser, &c. 625 + + Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton 626 + + Poetical Tavern Signs 626 + + The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 628 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Engraving--Collodion + Negatives 628 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"London Labour and the London + Poor"--Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric--Sir Arthur + Aston--Grammar in relation to Logic--Descendants of + Milton--Pronunciation of Bible Names--Henry I.'s + Tomb--Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed--Return of Gentry, temp. + Henry VI.--Peter Allan--Burial in an erect Posture--The + Word "Mob"--Gen. Sir C. Napier--To Come--Passage in + Sophocles--Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century--Judges + styled Reverend--Veneration for the Oak--Rapping no Novelty 629 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 632 + + Notices to Correspondents 632 + + Advertisements 633 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +FOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I. + +In turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I +stumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well from +their antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a place +in your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of our +ancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the reign +of James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the following: + + "The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading + to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the + Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that + seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of + Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio. + London, 1624." + +This, however, is described as being "the fifth impression;" the Preface is +dated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that the usages +and rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of your readers, +were current in the north-west districts of England more than two hundred +and fifty years since. + +White is insisting upon "the prodigious ignorance" which he found among his +parishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he proceeds thus +to tell his own tale: + + "I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them, + concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart + trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how + to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that + hear them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously, + they refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they + speak that which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have + observed from the common people." + + THE CREED. + + "Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum + qui sum sops, virgini Mariæ, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers, + morti {614} by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un judicarum, finis a + mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, remissurum, + peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam again." + + THE LITTLE CREED. + "Little Creed, can I need, + Kneele before our Ladies knee; + Candle light, candles burne, + Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne, + That we might all to heaven come. + Little Creed, Amen." + + "This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:' + + "White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother, + What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves. + What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes. + Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates: + And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother. + White Pater-noster, Amen." + + "Another Prayer: + + "I blesse me with God and the rood, + With his sweet flesh and precious blood; + With his crosse and his creed, + With his length and his breed, + From my toe to my crowne, + And all my body up and downe, + From my back to my brest, + My five wits be my rest; + God let never ill come at ill, + But through Jesus owne will, + Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen." + + "Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather it + for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and + then they blesse it thus: + + "Hallowed be thou, Vervein, + As thou growest on the ground, + For in the Mount of Calvary, + There thou wast first found. + Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ, + And staunchedst his bleeding wound; + In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, + I take thee from the ground." + +These passages may be seen in the "Preface to the Reader," § 13., no page, +but on the reverse of Sig. A 4. + +It might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting remnants +of early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous +correspondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to +this inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the volume +in which they occur is one which would seem, _primâ facie_, least likely to +afford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting bulky folios of +which the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with so many specimens. +Here we might fairly expect to discover abundant illustrations of patristic +and scholastic theology, of learning and pedantry, of earnest devotion, and +ill-temper no less earnest; but nothing whereby to illustrate the manners +or customs, the traditions, or the popular usages or superstitions, of the +common people. This may be a hint for us, however, to direct our attention +to a class of literature which hitherto has scarcely received the attention +to which it would appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my +conviction, that if those who are interested in the illustration of our +popular antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English +theology, the result would be more important than might at first be +anticipated. + +L. B. + + * * * * * + +THE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC. + +The fact mentioned by your correspondent C. CLIFTON BARRY, at p. 357., as +to the affinity of Midland songs and ballads to those of Scotland, I have +often observed, and among the striking instances of it which could be +adduced, the following may be named, as well known in Northamptonshire: + + "It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland; + It rains both great and small; + And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland + Must needs go and play at ball. + + "They tossed the ball so high, so high, + And yet it came down so low; + They tossed it over the old Jew's gates, + And broke the old Jew's window. + + "The old Jew's daughter she came out; + Was clothed all in green; + 'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh, + And fetch your ball again.' + + "'I dare not come, I dare not come, + Unless my schoolfellows come all; + And I shall be flogged when I get home, + For losing of my ball.' + + "She 'ticed him with an apple so red, + And likewise with a fig: + She laid him on the dresser board, + And stickéd him like a pig. + + "The thickest of blood did first come out, + The second came out so thin; + The third that came was his dear heart's blood, + Where all his life lay in." + +I write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I think +is printed, with variations, in Percy's _Reliques_. It is also worthy of +remark, that there is a resemblance also between the words which occur as +provincialisms in the same district, and some of those which are used in +Scotland; e.g. _whemble_ or _whommel_ (sometimes not aspirated, and +pronounced _wemble_), to turn upside down, as a dish. This word is Scotch, +although they do not pronounce the b any more than in _Campbell_, which +sounds very much like _Camel_. + +B. H. C. + + * * * * * + +{615} + +PENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS. + +This anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and western +states as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, where, +owing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, Christmas is +not much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages connected with it +are of German origin, and derived from the early settlers of the Teutonic +race, whose descendants are now a very numerous portion of the population. +The Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is planted in a flower-pot filled +with earth, and its branches are covered with presents, chiefly of +confectionary, for the younger members of the family. + +When bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their +stockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by a +fabulous personage called _Krishkinkle_, who is believed to descend the +chimney with them for all the children who have been good during the +previous year. The word _Krishkinkle_ is a corruption of _Christ-kindlein_, +literally _Christ-infant_, and is understood to be derived from the fact +that a representation of the Infant Saviour in the manger formed part of +the decorations prepared for the children at Christmas. + +If the children have not been good during the year previous, instead of +finding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas +morning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been +placed there by _Pelsnichol_, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to the +dress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make _Pelsnichol_ +identical with _Krishkinkle_, but the more general opinion is that they are +two personages, one the rewarder of the good, the other the punisher of the +bad. + +The functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed to +Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled by +the Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, LL.D., of +New York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on Christmas Eve, and +is equally applicable to our Krishkinkle: + + "_A Visit from St. Nicholas._ + 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house + Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse; + The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, + In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. + The children were nestled all snug in their beds, + While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads; + And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap + Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap, + When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, + I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. + Away to the window I flew like a flash, + Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash; + The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow + Gave the lustre of day to the objects below; + When what to my wondering eyes should appear + But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer, + With a little old driver so lively and quick, + I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick. + More rapid than eagles his coursers they came, + And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name, + 'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now, Vixen! + On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen! + To the top of the stoop[1], to the top of the wall! + Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!' + As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly, + When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky, + So up to the house-top the coursers they flew, + With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too; + And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof + The prancing and pawing of each little hoof. + As I drew in my head and was turning around, + Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound. + He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot, + And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot. + A bundle of toys he had flung on his back; + And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack. + His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry! + His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry; + His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow, + And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow; + The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth, + And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath. + He had a broad face and a little round belly, + That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly. + He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf, + And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself. + A wink of his eye and a twist of his head + Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread. + He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, + And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk; + And laying his finger aside of his nose, + And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose. + He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle, + And away they all flew like the down of a thistle: + But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight, + 'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'" + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +[Footnote 1: Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.] + + * * * * * + +COUNTY RHYMES. + + KENT. + + "He that will not live long, + Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong." + + "Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea, + Rumney and Rye, the five ports be." + + CHESHIRE. + + "Chester of Castria took the name, + As if that Castria were the same." + + {616} + LINCOLNSHIRE--_Stamford_. + + "Doctrinæ studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum, + Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi." + + "Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray, + Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day." + + WILTSHIRE--_Salisbury Cathedral_. + + "As many days as in one year there be, + So many windows in this church you see. + As many marble pillars here appear, + As there are hours through the fleeting year. + As many gates as moons one here does view + Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true." + + _Chippenham_--On a Stone. + + "Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift, + For where I stand is Chippenham clift." + + SURREY--_Market House, Farnham_. + + "You who do like me, give money to end me, + You who dislike me, give as much to mend me." + + _Woking_--_Sutton_. + + "Beastly 'Oking--pretty Sutton, + Filthy foxglove--bach'lors button." + + "'Oking was--Guildford is--Godalming shall be." + + SOMERSETSHIRE. + + "Stanton Drew, + A mile from Pensford--another from Chew." + + PEMBROKESHIRE. + + "Once to Rome thy steps incline, + But visit twice St. David's shrine." + + "When Percelty weareth a hat, + All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that." + +J. EBFF. + +Bolt Court. + + * * * * * + +LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) AND THE GIANT. + +Once upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's fame, +determined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now Fuenvicouil +was informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also that on the +present occasion matters would not turn out much to his advantage if they +fought: so as he did not feel the least bit "blue-mowlded for the want of a +batin'," like Neal Malone, he was at a loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife, +saw his distress, and soon contrived to find out the cause of it; and +having done so, she assured him that if he would leave things to her +management, and strictly obey her directions, she would make the giant +return home faster than he came. Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no +time was to be lost, Oonagh commenced her preparations. She first baked two +or three large cakes of bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron +plate used in Ireland and Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest. +She then put several gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and +carefully collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then +proceeded to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his +head, tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but +to carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were +only just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the house, +demanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said she could +not tell _any more than the child in the cradle_, where her husband then +was; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till Fuenvicouil came +in. She then placed bread and whey before him till some better refreshments +could be got ready, taking care to give him the cake with the griddle in +it, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or three gallons. The +giant was a little surprised at the _quantity_ of the lunch set before him, +and proceeded to break a piece off the cake but in vain; he then tried to +bite it, with as little success: and as to swallowing the ocean of whey set +before him, it was out of the question; so he said he was not hungry, and +would wait. He then asked Oonagh what was the favourite feat of strength +her husband prided himself upon. She could not indeed particularise any +one, but said that sometimes Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing +water out of that stone there, pointing to a rock lying near the door. The +giant immediately took it up; and squeezed it till the blood started from +his fingers, but made no impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his +discomfiture, and said a child could do that, handing at the same time the +lump of curds to "the baby." Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively +listening to all that was going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops +of whey fell from it. Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and +hugged her "dear baby;" and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had +prepared, began to coax the "child" to eat a little bit and get strong. The +giant amazed, asked, could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh +persuaded him to put his finger into the child's mouth, "just to feel his +teeth;" and as soon as Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he +bit it off. This was more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a +child in the cradle was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he +decamped before Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the +house, while Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till +he returned to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with +Fuenvicouil. + +FRANCES ROBERT DAVIES. + + * * * * * + +{617} + +FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES. + +_Yorkshire Tradition._--The following tradition of Osmotherly, in +Yorkshire, was related to me as being current in that county. Can you +inform me if it is authentic? + +Some years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who had +an only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they met a +party of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. After +being much importuned she assented to their request. To the mother's +astonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would be drowned. +In order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated mother purchased +some land and built a house on the summit of a high hill, where she lived +with her son a long time in peace and seclusion. Happening one fine +summer's day in the course of a perambulation to have fatigued themselves, +they sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell asleep. While enjoying +this repose, a spring rose up from the ground, which caused such an +inundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side they found a watery +grave. After this had occurred, the people residing in the neighbourhood +named it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been corrupted into +Osmotherly. + +R. W. CARTER. + +_Custom on St. Thomas's Day_ (_Dec. 21_).--At Harvington, in +Worcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for persons (chiefly +children) to go round the village begging for apples, and singing the +following rhymes: + + "Wissal, wassail through the town, + If you've got any apples, throw them down. + Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe, + If you've got no apples, money will do. + The jug is white, and the ale is brown, + This is the best house in the town." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Custom on Innocents' Day_ (_Dec. 28_).--At Norton (near Evesham) it is the +custom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal for the slaughter of the +Holy Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of joy for the deliverance of +the Infant Christ. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire._--A singular but pleasing custom +exists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On the occasion of a +wedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a relative invariably +spreads on the pavement, which is composed of pebbles, before her house, a +quantity of silver sand, there called "greet," in the form of wreaths of +flowers, and writes, with the same material, wishes for her happiness. +This, of course, is soon discovered by others, and immediately, especially +if the bride or bridegroom are favorites, appear before most of the houses +numerous flowers in sand. It is said that this custom arose from the only +church they had being without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a +wedding, they adopted it; and though now there are other churches and a +peal of bells, they still adhere to the above method of communicating +intelligence of such happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been +able to learn, and I should be much obliged for any information on the +point, there being no sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like +reason for its use. + +One circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the return +of the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, who, of +course, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry of "a +buttermilk wedding." + +RUSSELL GOLE. + +_Folk Lore in Hampshire._--In Hampshire the country people believe that a +healing power exists in the alms collected at the administration of the +sacrament, and many of them use the money as a charm to cure the diseases +of the body. A short time ago a woman came to a clergyman, and brought with +her half-a-crown, asking at the same time for five "sacrament sixpences" in +exchange. She said that one of her relations was ill, and that she wished +to use the money as a charm to drive away the disease. This superstition +may have arisen from the once prevalent custom of distributing the alms in +the church to those of the poor who were present at the sacrament. + +I have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same "gifts of healing" +to the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, will carry +it away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to be recorded +in "N. & Q.," perhaps you would like to "make a note of it." + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + +_Propitiating the Fairies._--Having some years since, on a Sunday +afternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in the +eastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on horseback, +headed by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as I approached +her, she stopped me, and producing a _cake_, presented it to me, and +insisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the Isle of Man, I +had the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate several pieces of +folk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that island. It had been +customary, within his recollection, for a woman, when carrying a child to +be christened, to take with her _a piece of bread and cheese_, to give to +the first person she met, for the purpose of _saving the child from +witchcraft or the fairies_. Another custom was that of the "Queeltah," or +salt put under the churn _to keep off bad people_. Stale water was thrown +on the plough "to keep it from the _little {618} folks_." A cross was tied +in the tail of a cow "to keep her from _bad bodies_." On May morning it was +deemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house for +fire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers growing +in a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep off the +fairies. And finally, the last cake was left "behind the turf-flag for the +little people." + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven._--In Jarvis's +translation of _Don Quixote_, book II. chap. v., the following passage +occurs: + + "'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and + histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King + Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom + there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of + Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was + turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign + again, and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot + be proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a + raven?'" + +My reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact that +the legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was still +repeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. My +father, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a few +years of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he was +walking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, he saw +a raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near immediately +rebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have shot at a +raven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that bird. My +father was much interested when I drew his attention to the passage which I +have quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh correspondents may +be able to say whether the legend is still known among the people of +Cornwall or Wales. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + +_St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire._--On the feast of St. +Clement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in the +villages to which they belong singing the following doggerel: + + "Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine! + A good red apple and a pint of wine, + Some of your mutton and some of your veal, + If it is good, pray give me a deal; + If it is not, pray give some salt. + Butler, butler, fill your bowl; + If thou fillst it of the best, + The Lord'll send your soul to rest; + If thou fillst it of the small, + Down goes butler, bowl and all. + Pray, good mistress, send to me + One for Peter, one for Paul, + One for Him who made us all, + Apple, pear, plum, or cherry, + Any good thing to make us merry; + A bouncing buck and a velvet chair, + Clement comes but once a year; + Off with the pot and on with the pan, + A good red apple and I'll begone." + +How the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be at +least three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's service. + +I shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish farther +illustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in Worcestershire, +St. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the patrons on these +occasions. + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_New Year's Eve and New Year's Day._--Another German custom prevalent in +Philadelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of the old year and +the arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As soon as the sun sets +the firing commences, and it is kept up all night with every description of +musket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called "firing out the old year" +and "firing in the new year." + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Carlist Calembourg._--The original of the French _jeu d'esprit_ in Vol. +viii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated in the _salons_ about +the middle of 1831: + + "La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri)." + +There was another also very popular: + + "In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans." + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_Jewish Custom._--In a recently published music-novel of some merit, called +_Charles Auchester_, occurs the following: + + "'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my + music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we + all are to Jehovah.' _'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say + Jehovah_; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'" + +There is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt to +pronounce the "four-lettered" Name, and in reading and speaking always use +instead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most part +the same habit. The writer of _Charles Auchester_ can only defend himself +by the example of the writer of {619} _Ivanhoe_, who has made the same +oversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making Isaac the Jew +wish his daughter had been called Benoni, _i.e._ the _son_ of sorrow. The +vowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of Adonai, inserted by the +Massorites; but this is another subject. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lachlan Macleane._--This individual, whose claim to the authorship of +Junius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia ninety-five years ago, +and his name figures there in the accounts of the overseers of the poor, +under date of November 9, 1758: + + "By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid by + Laughlane McClain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his commissions + and writing bond were deducted) + + £24 : 5 : 0" + +This was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even in +that, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing the +bond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present +currency. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + +_German Tree._--The following extract concerning this accessory to +Christmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be interesting at the +present season. It is taken from the _Loseley Manuscripts_, edited by A. J. +Kempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note. + + "We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline, + making what he termed a _Christmas tree_ for a juvenile party at that + festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on a + board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, &c.; + and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by figures of + animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming Christmas trees + is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a remain of the + pageants constructed at that season in ancient days." + +Is this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of the +farm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country. + +ZEUS. + +_The late Duke._--The following curious coincidence, which lately appeared +in the _Meath Herald_, deserves transplanting to the literary museum of "N. +& Q.": + + "From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by + property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke + spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by + being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the + old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On + the news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean + Butler caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory; + and the large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest + in Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it + suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes. + Whether this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret + for the great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it + may appear to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by + Edmund Blood, 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine + bell commenced its career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to + sound at his death. The parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast, + and the old metal is to be seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin." + +J. YEOWELL. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +THE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS. + +_A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings of +Shoemakers._ + + "The CRISPIN trade! What better trade can be? + Ancient and famous, independent, free! + No other trade a brighter claim can find; + No other trade display more share of mind! + No other calling prouder names can boast,-- + In arms, in arts,--themselves a perfect host! + All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride; + To dare heroic, and in suffering tried! + But first and chief--and as such claims inspire-- + Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire? + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS! they who sought + Safety with us, and at the calling wrought: + Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast + Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the _last_! + Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread, + Make the _good fit_, and win their daily bread. + This was their strait and doing--this their doom; + They sought our shelter, and they found a home! + Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro, + Weary they came and hid them from the foe; + Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd, + Hunted from place to place, though still they held + Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw + The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe! + + "Such is the story--so behaved our trade; + And then the Church its zealous homage paid, + And made their death-day holy, as we see + Still in the Calendar, and still to be! + And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim, + And proved him joyful at such lofty fame; + For theirs it was by more than blood allied, + Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died! + Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth-- + They are not dead who suffer for the Truth! + The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart + In grateful duty ever plays its part, + Embalms their memory to all future time, + And thus, in love, still punishes the crime; + Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust, + The murder'd dead have retribution just! + + {620} + "Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong? + We hate the actors, and have hated long. + And where are they, the victims? Always here; + We feel their glory, and we hold it dear! + Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours, + And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours; + Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride, + 'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified! + Far o'er the earth--the Christianised--where'er + The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer, + The winds of heaven their memories tender waft, + Commix'd with all the sorceries of the _craft_. + The little leather artizan--the boy + To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy, + A thing to smile and look at, ere the day + Severer task will make it one of _pay_ + (A constant duty and a livelihood),-- + He, the young Crispin, emulous and good, + Is told of the Prince Martyrs--sometimes Royal! + (The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal, + It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still, + Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.) + Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain, + The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain, + And farther still, across the Western Main. + There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true, + With things, as often is, of weight undue; + Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most, + To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast, + Now, as is wont, and ever to be given, + Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven! + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS--they, the two, + Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!" + +The story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one +current among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an account +in an old book called _The History of the Gentle Craft_ (the production, no +doubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of the tradition as +received now by the British shoemaker. In the _Golden Legende_, one of the +earliest of our printed books, and in Alban Butler's _Lives of the Saints_, +as compiled from the Roman Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of +some pieces of ancient tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers' +chapel in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one +of the galleries of the Louvre, is the like version as the one here given. +The authority, too, of the Church Calendar of England, even as it still +remains after the loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration +that CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS, brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian +faith, and through that chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a +redoubted general and the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some +all-potent emperor. In the Delony version--itself, in every probability, a +borrowing from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,--these things +are put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince CRISPIN is +assumed to have a wife or sister, one can hardly tell which, in the person +of a princess, the Princess CRISPIANUS, and who figures as the patron of +the women's branch of the shoemakers' art; CRISPIN himself presiding over +the coarser labour for the rougher sex. This artifice, if not purely +historical, is at least very excusable, because so natural, seeing that the +duplex principle has such an extensive range; that even the feet themselves +come into the world in pairs, and so shoes must be produced after the same +fashion--paired, as the shoemakers have done by their adored CRISPIN and +CRISPIANUS. + +It has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a long +time now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present +paragraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something, +which might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various +curious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and +therefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of "N. +& Q." helping his inquiries either through the medium of future Numbers, or +as might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. Clements, +bookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street. + +J. DAVIES DEVLIN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Barrels Regiment._--I suppose that to this regiment a song refers which +has for its burden,-- + + "And ten times a day whip the barrels, + And ten times a day whip the barrels, + Brave boys." + +I shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can find +this song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It was +probably written about the year 1747. + +E. H. + +_Okey the Regicide._--I should be much obliged for any information relative +to the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the regicide, executed April 19, +1662, O.S. + +E. P. H. + +Clapham. + +_Lady Mason's Third Husband_.--Secretary Davison, in a letter dated London, +23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, requests this lady "to +join with his honour her husband" in standing sponsor with Sir Christopher +Hatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, born a few days before. Sir John +Mason, second husband to Lady Mason, died in 1566. Who then was "this +honour," her third? + +G. S. S. + +_Creation of Knights._--When were the following knights made?--Sir William +Fleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, Sir Edward {621} de +Carteret, Sir William Armourer:--the first by Charles I.; the four +following by Charles II. + +G. S. S. + +_Martyn the Regicide._--Was Martyn the regicide married or not? If married, +is it known whether he had children? and if any of his children settled in +Ireland, and became possessed of property in that country? + +E. A. G. + +_History of the Nonjurors._--What are the best authorities for the history +of the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, Lathbury, Hickes's _Life +of Kettlewell_, &c. are well known. Whence came their adopted motto: +"Cætera quis nescit?" Any reader who would communicate any information on +these points to C. R. would confer a favour. + +C. R. + +_Florin and the Royal Arms._--What is the authority for placing the +national arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be borne +_quarterly_ in ratification of the respective unions, and to be borne under +one imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely cannot with any +heraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was remarked in the reign +of the Georges, for by the separation of the coats the arms of the German +Dominions of George I. obtained the second place, viz. the dexter side, +with France on the sinister, and Ireland at the bottom or fourth place. + +MAT O' THE MINT. + +_A Mistletoe Query._--Why has mistletoe the privilege of allowing the fair +sex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that a berry is plucked +off at the time? And also, when was this first allowed?[2] + +J. W. ASTON (late of Trin. Col.) + +[Footnote 2: This Query has been incidentally noticed in "N. & Q.," +Vol. v., pp. 13. 208.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Sewell Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 521.).--Your correspondent D. N. states, +that "nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. Sewell, who +died in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath Sewell, Cornet in +32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon Guards." Had he referred to +Lodge's _Peerage_, he would have found that the Honorable Harriet +Beresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop +of Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry +Bermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and died June 11, 1834, having +had three children, viz.: + +1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, +_circa_ 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and +subsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal, +Aug. 1, 1836. + +2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in October, +1828; and died in 1836. + +3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or 1850. + +Will D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late +unfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke, +whom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death occurred? + +G. L. S. + + [We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has + kindly forwarded the following reply: + + "My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a + perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such + notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more + competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well + supplied the _cætera desunt_, where my information terminated with the + appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish) + Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is + inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the + 32nd Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is + always considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those + Christian names as correct. + + "There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a + brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons? + + "Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find, + in _The Globe_ of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at + Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady + Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the + Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's _Surrey_, vol. iii. + p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in his + fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the + son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's _Sussex_, 4to., + 1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most + probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above + Twyford Lodge. + + "I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S. + respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually + searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev. + H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one + that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some + years since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that + he had died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the _Annual + Register_, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (_Chronicle_), p. 218., which states + that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty + information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a + work entitled _The Georgian Æra_, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he + will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short _military_ memoir of + Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly + written, and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result + of his military operations. There is one slight error in the account of + _The Georgian Æra_, viz. in the date of the {622} _first_ appointment + of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears in the + _London Gazette_, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs thus: '14th + Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign _vice_ Day."--I trust some + reader of "N. & Q." will furnish us with the dates of the birth and + death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying when they took place, as + desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of deficient particulars in his + history. D. N."] + +_Greek Epigram._--In the _Bath Chronicle_ of the 10th of November last, I +find the following advertisement: + + "The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled persons, + at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very grateful to + any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for the use + of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case, + charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house + of God." + +Surely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake not, +a Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred years +ago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, refer me +to the epigram? + +GEO. E. FRERE. + + [Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded memory + of our correspondent: + + [Greek: PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISIDÔROU.] + [Greek: Pêros ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de] + [Greek: Eis hautous to tuchês endees êranisan,] + [Greek: Tuphlos gar lipoguion epômadion baros airôn,] + [Greek: Tais keinou phônais atrapon ôrthobatei,] + [Greek: Panta de taut' edidaxe pikrê pantolmos anankê,] + [Greek: Allêlois merisai toullipes eis eleon.] + _Anthologia, in usum Scholæ Westmonast._: + Oxon. 1724, p. 58.] + +_Translations from Æschylus._--Whose translation of the tragedies of +Æschylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions from the same? I +ought to state that there is merely a line or two under each plate, to +explain the subject of each composition, and that my copy is the unreduced +size. + +H. + +Kingston-on-Thames. + + [The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of + Æschylus, 4to., 1777.] + +_Prince Memnon's Sister._--Who was Prince Memnon's sister, alluded to by +Milton in _Il Penseroso_? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + + [Dunster has the following note on this line:--"Prince Memnon's sister; + that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of + Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles. + (See Virg. _Æn._ I. 489., '_Nigri_ Memnonis arma.') It does not, + however, appear that Memnon had any sister. Tithonus, according to + Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and Emathion, _Theog._ 984. + This lady is a creation of the poet."] + +_"Oh! for a blast," &c._--Who was the author of the couplet-- + + "Oh! for a blast of that dread horn, + On Fontarabian echoes borne?" + +A. J. DUNKIN. + + [The lines-- + + "O for the voice of that wild horn, + On Fontarabia's echoes borne, + The dying hero's call,"-- + + are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the + horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his + waste-book in search of _Reports outward and inward_--Corn Debentures, + &c. See _Rob Roy_, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.] + +_Robin Hood's Festival._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to a good +account of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so popular with our +ancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come to hear him preach +on that day? + +In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in the +first volume of the _Archæologia_, there is an entry in 1566 of the sum of +18d. paid for "setting up Robin Hood's Bower." + +R. W. B. + + [The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding + days of May is given in _Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient + Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw_; [by + Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp. + xcvii--cx. Consult also _A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode_, by John Matthew + Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60--64.; and George Soane's _New Curiosities of + Literature_, vol. i. pp. 231--236.] + +_Church in Suffolk._--In restoring a church in Suffolk, apparently of the +date of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls were found full of +Norman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. Will you kindly give me +a list of the works where I may be likely to find an account of this +original church? Davy and Jermyn's _Suffolk_, in the British Museum, says +nothing about it. The two Norman doors are universally admired, and the +church is now Norman still throughout. In the reconstruction of about 1100, +the two doors do not seem to have been in any way restored or meddled with. + +G. L. + + [Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church either + in Suckling's _Antiquities of Suffolk_, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's _History + of Suffolk_ (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's Collections for + a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. MSS. + 8168--8196.] + + * * * * * + + +{623} + +Replies. + +CHILDREN CALLED IMPS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 443.) + +"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron of +Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto +Ambrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince John, +late Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John Grey, +Vicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse of +Shrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of Warr: Sir +Richard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, but of farr +greater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto everlasting +life in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th of July, in +the yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the happy raine of +the most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, and in this place +layd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of the generall +resurrection."--_Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, Warwick._ + +H. B. + +Warwick. + +An inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of the +same period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by MR. BROOKS), contains also +the word _imp_. The tomb at Besford is a most singular one, consisting of +two large folding doors fixed against the wall, their panels and the +interior being painted over with figures and inscriptions. From the latter, +which are of some length, the following extracts will be sufficient to +illustrate the subject: + + "An _impe_ entombed heere doth lie." + + "... elder ... from Christ to straie, + When such an _impe_ foreshewes the waie." + +The old poetical word _sugared_, "Noe sugred word," occurs in the +inscription. + +The "impe" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged 15 +years, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), was +also erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells appear +to have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two following lines +are a part of one of the inscriptions: + + "Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made, + Knowne to descende of gentle race." + +Nash, in his _History of Worcestershire_, makes mention of this singular +monument, but is anything but correct in giving its inscriptions. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +T. W. D. BROOKS will find this word used by some modern authors to denote a +child. In _Moral and Sacred Poetry_, selected and arranged by the Rev. T. +Willcocks and the Rev. T. Horton (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at +p. 254. a piece by Baillie, addressed "To a Child," the first line of which +runs thus: + + "Whose _imp_ art thou, with dimpled cheek?" + +And in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a gipsy are +called _imps_. + +J. W. N. KEYS. + +Plymouth. + + * * * * * + +THE DIVINING ROD. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.) + +The inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a friend +on the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your readers as +an answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your excellent work. +You may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts stated. + +J. A. H. + +"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to +knavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of +witnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit to +the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, may +have abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very +strikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South +of the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining +rod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who possess +it in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of the rod, +when passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and they who have +it are quite unconscious of their capability until they are made aware of +it by experiment. + +"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the shoots +of the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the extremities, +with the angle projecting before him. When he came over the spot beneath +which the water flowed, the rod, which had before been perfectly still, +writhed about with considerable force, so that the holder could not keep it +in its former position; and he appealed to the bystanders to notice that he +had made no motion to produce this effect, and used every effort to prevent +it. The operation was several times repeated with the same result, and each +time under the close inspection of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous, +observers. Forks of any kind of green wood served equally well, but those +of dead wood had no effect. The experimentor had discovered water, in +several instances, in the same parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware +of his capability till he was requested by his landlord to try. The +operator had the reputation of a perfectly honest man, whose word might be +safely {624} trusted, and who was incapable of attempting to deceive any +one--as indeed appeared by his open and ingenuous manner and conversation +on this occasion. He was a farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So +general is the conviction of the efficacy of the divining rod in +discovering both water and the ores of calamine or zinc all over the +Mendip, that the people are quite astonished when any doubt is expressed +about it. The late Dr. Hutton wrote against the pretension, as one of many +instances of deception founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a +lady of quality, who herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and +gave him experimental proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water +was discoverable by that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly +acknowledged. + +"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could, +however, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many years +ago to our friend ----, of what I have now only briefly stated. That letter +was treated by certain scientific friends of his with contempt; but when I +afterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go down to Somerset to see +it himself; but alas! he did not live to carry his intention into effect." + + * * * * * + +CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, ETC. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.) + +Very hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +ingenious suggestion of a change of meaning in the proverb "Tread on a worm +and it will turn." I support my dissent, however, by the following lines +from Shakspeare: + + "Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting? + Not he that sets his foot upon her back. + The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on; + And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood." + Third Part of _King Henry VI._, Act II. Sc. 2. + +King Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God! + +Clifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, and +doves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is clear +that Shakspeare uses the word _worm_ as meaning, not a venomous serpent, +but the most defenceless of reptiles. + +Again, I do not think that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S quotation from Schiller's +_Wallenstein's Tod_ supports his view. I am not a German scholar, but I +find that the translator of _Wallenstein's Tod_ (I believe Lord Ellesmere) +has translated or paraphrased the lines quoted by MR. KEIGHTLEY as follows: + + "But nature gave the very worm a sting, + When trampled on by man, to turn again." + +The sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that "wurm" should be +understood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous serpent. + +It seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the lines +in question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I +consider them as parallel passages. + +It may not be irrelevant to observe that _worm_ in some places still means +a serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as "hag-worm" in +Westmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in the latter +"slow-worm" means a species of small snake or viper found on some of the +moors. (For "slow-worm," see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., pp. 33. and 479.) I +have been told that "blind-worm" in Surrey means a viper. I conclude with a +Query, Does _Wurm_ in modern German ever mean a serpent? + +F. W. J. + +"To put a spoke in one's wheel," is not singular in its _double entendre_ +(Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). "There is no love lost between them" is +in a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being lost between A. and +B., when we would intimate that the warmth of their mutual affection may be +accurately represented by 32° Fahrenheit. That this has not always been the +meaning of the phrase, the following verse from the old ballad of _The +Children in the Wood_ will testify: + + "Sore sick he was, and like to die, + No help that he could have; + His wife by him as sick did lie, + And both possess'd one grave. + _No love between these two was lost_, + Each was to other kind; + In love they lived, in love they died, + And left two babes behind." + +R. PRICE. + +St. Ives. + + * * * * * + +SNEEZING. + +(Vol. viii., p. 366.) + +A collection of "facts, theories, and popular ideas" upon this subject +would fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may +interest your correspondent MEDICUS: + + "Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil." + + "And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun." + Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's + _Common Place Book_, 3rd series, p. 303. + +Here, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen. + +Ammianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never heard +it sneeze, and therefore never said [Greek: Zeu sôson], God bless.--_Notes +on the Variorum Plautus_ (ed. Gronov., Lugd. Bat.), p. 720. {625} + +Athenæus, says Potter in his _Archæologia Græca_, proves that the head was +esteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and adore as holy +the sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us in express terms +that sneezing was accounted a deity: "[Greek: Ton Ptarmon theon +hêgoumetha]"--_Archæol. Græc._ (5th ed.), p. 338. + + "Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut + Sternuisse a coitu abortivum." + Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius, + _Noct. Att._ III. xvi. 24. + +Erasmus, in his _Colloquies_, bids one say to him who sneezes, "Sit faustum +ac felix," or "Servet te Deus," or "Sit salutiferum" or "Bene vertat Deus." + + "Quare homines sternutant? + + "Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et + cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat + frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum."--_Aristotelis Problemata_: + Amstelodami, anno 1690. + +Query whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of sneezing, +arose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the sneezer? + +When Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three beautiful +captives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt clear and +bright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon Euphrantides the +soothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable victory which was +afterwards obtained by him, &c. + +There is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in +Homer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son +Telemachus: + + "[Greek: Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren]" + +Sneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the +alteration of circumstances--"[Greek: Tôn ptarmôn hoi men eisin ôphelimoi, +hoi de blaberoi]," "Some sneezes are profitable, others +prejudicial"--according to the scholiast upon the following passage of +Theocritus, wherein he makes the sneezing of the Cupids to have been an +unfortunate omen to a certain lover: + + "[Greek: Simichida men erôtes epeptaron.]" + +If any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it was +fortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate. + +If a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if another +happened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the right +hand, fortunate. + +If, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it was a +lucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, the omen +was neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and dehorted +them from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were +deliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze +together, it was a prosperous omen.--_Archæol. Græc._ (5th ed.), pp. 339, +340. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +The custom your correspondent MEDICUS alludes to, of wishing a person "good +health," after sneezing, is also very common in Russia. The phrases the +Russians use on these occasions are--"To your good health!" or "How do you +do?" + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.) + +To the list of these literary _auto da fé's_ we may well add the burning of +Bishop Burnet's famous _Pastoral Letter_, which was censured by the House +of Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the common hangman. The +offence contained in it was the ascribing the title of William III. to the +crown of England to a right of conquest. A recollection of this gives +additional point to the irony of Atterbury in attacking Wake: + + "William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends, + 'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any + ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from + him.'... His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no + more by our constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than + he would if he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his + subjects; not in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure + is only that the laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came + over on purpose to rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to + maintain; and contemns therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as + would measure the extent of his supremacy from the Conqueror's + claim."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation_, + pp. 158--160. + +Atterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently administer +one, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he winces: + + "He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present + constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to + be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to + suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely," &c.--The + Bishop of Sarum's _Reflections on the Rights, Powers, &c._. p. 4. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +The following, may come under the list wanted by BALLIOLENSIS: + + "The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high court + of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for declaring + England a {626} Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by the hands of + the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this + occasion."--From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p. + 762. + +On a copy of _La Défense de la Réformation, &c_., par I. Claude, à La Haye, +1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as a striking passage, +but cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This book was condemned by +the Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the editor of an old edition +of it very appositely observes: + + "Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and + are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church + of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper. + The truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched + by the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the + footstool of the God of Truth." + +G. N. + + * * * * * + +JEWS IN CHINA. + +(Vol. viii., p. 515.) + +The only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the +Spomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they acknowledge +as sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other books held +sacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not written in the +same ancient alphabetic character as those of the Samaritan Pentateuch. The +ten tribes were then taken captive B.C. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24--41.). The +inference is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi +inclusive, had not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after +that date. The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are +descended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the +Pentateuch _alone_ as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the ancient +Hebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee one, as in +our printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung Foo, in +Honan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, constituting the +text of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation _subsequent_ to the closing +of the Jewish canon; the quotations from the books following those of Moses +being constantly in use therein. III. On Gozani mentioning Jesus the +Messiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a knowledge of Jesus the son of +Sirach. As, however, the book of the last-named writer is unknown in +Hebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that language, may have mistaken him +for Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with which book the Chinese Jew was +acquainted.[3] In either case, _more_ books than the Pentateuch were +undoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; therefore the connexion with +the ten tribes (house of Israel), as distinct from the house of Judah (the +Jews properly so called), cannot be inferred. The authorities for the +Samaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer, +Schnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh, +Basnage, Büsching; Fathers Ricci, Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the +_Lettres édifiantes et curieuses_, vol. xviii.; and the _Chinese +Repository_, vol. i. pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175. + +Circumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the south +and east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish descent, +unless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. Besides the +physiological characteristics of the native Australians preclude us from +deducing their natural descent from either the _Jews_ or the ten tribes. + +T.J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +[Footnote 3: The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son +of Sadta, which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,--the Chinese +pronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for +instance, the letters _b_, _r_, _th_, naming them respectively _p_, _l_, +_z_.] + + * * * * * + +POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.) + +I made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in one of +Mr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to _The Illustrated London News_ (Dec. 27, +1851). I here transcribe it to add to MR. WARDE'S collection: + + "The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in + front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,[4] near + Stilton, Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic + Folkesworth folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the + Stilton vernacular) 'quite the cheese:' + + [A rude figure of a Fox.] + + 'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX + YOU . SEE . THER . HIS + NO . HARME . ATCHED + TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS. + WISH . TO . PLACE . ME + HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO + HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.' + + "The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this inscription, + and conjectures its meaning to be as follows: + + 'I am a cunning fox, you see; + There is no harm attach'd to me; + It is my master's wish to place me here, + To let you know he sells good beer.'" + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +[Footnote 4: It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross +Barracks, that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide +_Lavengro_.)] + +{627} + +Bradford: + + "Who lives here? who do you think? + Major Lister: give him a drink. + Give him a drink--for why? + Because, when he's sweeping, + He's always dry." + + "John Thompson doth live here, + He sweeps your chimney not too dear. + And if your chimney should get on fire, + He puts it out at your desire. + Sweep that chimney clean, + And then come down and drink." + +The public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by sweeps. + + "Call here, my boy, if you are dry. + The fault's in you, and not in I. + If Robin Hood from home is gone, + Step in and drink with Little John." + +The name of the public-house is "The Robin Hood." + +Over another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief +sentence: + + "Tobacco given away to-morrow." + +CHARLES WILLISON. + +Bradford, Yorkshire. + +A sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a +rabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six miles +from the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some +considerable time since. It ran thus: + + "John Roberts lives here, + Sells brandy and beer, + Your spirits to cheer; + And should you want meat, + To make up the treat, + There be rabbits to eat." + (A verbatim copy.) + +A swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of Dartmoor +could once boast of like following quaint invitations. + +The side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, underneath a +rude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the following rude +couplet: + + "Before the wild moor you venture to pass, + Pray step within and take a glass." + +The attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured daub +representing a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly band of +jolly fellows, read thus: + + "Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over, + Do stop a while, your spirits to recover." + +Over the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or High +Street, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid disinterested +piece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by the spread of a +gigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the house: + + "Keep within compass, + And then you'll be sure, + To avoid many troubles, + That others endure." + +The house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished that +the jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of +resort, would profit by its wise counsel. + +H. H. H. + +There is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in Essex, a +sign-board in front of the "Queen Victoria" (only a beer-house by the way), +with these lines: + + "The Queen some day, + May pass this way, + And see our Tom and Jerry; + Perhaps she'll stop, + And stand a drop, + To make her subjects merry." + +On the other side are some different lines, which I forget. + + ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +1. At Overseal, Leicestershire: + + "Robin Hood is + Dead and gone: + Pray call, and drink + With Little John." + +2. The sign of "The Bee Hive," in Birmingham and other places: + + "Within this Hive, we're all alive, + Good liquor makes us funny: + If you are dry, step in and try, + The flavour of our honey." + +3. The sign of "The Gate" (of frequent occurrence): + + "The Gate hangs well, + And hinders none; + Refresh and pay, + And travel on." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +In King Street, Norwich, at the sign of "The Waterman," kept by a man who +is a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines: + + "Roam not from pole to pole, + But step in here; + Where nought exceeds the shaving, + But the beer." + +J. L. S. + +There used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and Borobridge +(Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following inscription; {628} +whether or not it is still in existence I cannot say: + + "At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby, + Pray stop and drink before you go by." + +C. I. R. + + * * * * * + +THE CURFEW. + + (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp. + 53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.) + +The curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the +annual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one +hour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a thank-offering +to God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a person from +destruction. This person had lost his way on his return from Bridgenorth +Fair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of falling from a +great height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused him to retrace +his steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell is also rung at +Kidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung for many years past +by "Blind William," who, notwithstanding his total blindness, finds his way +along the streets that lead from his house to the church, and gains the +belfry with the greatest ease. So well is he acquainted with the path to +church, that he may be seen to turn the corners of the streets in as +decided a manner as if his wide-open eyes were endowed with sight; and, +with similar facility, he unlocks the gates and church doors. It is curious +to see him on the dark winter evenings, apparently guiding his steps by the +light of a lanthorn, which he probably carries in order to prevent careless +people, who are blessed with sight, from running against him. Like most (if +not all) blind people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will +quickly reproduce on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At +this present festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of +its component parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to +the harmony of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he +promenades the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all +the music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be +considered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for +he warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary "waits" +have taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when Christmas +Day is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for the +Christmas-box which is to be the reward of his "early minstrelsy." + +The curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire. + +At Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at nine +o'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the University +of Durham as "Tom" is to the students of the University of Oxford, viz. it +marks the closing of the college gates. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Photographic Engraving._--I inclose a copy of a little book for your +inspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the illustrations are +produced by photography. The general theory of the method is this: a piece +of glass is covered with a uniform thin coating of some substance, so as to +be opaque or semi-opaque (the substance should be light coloured), and a +design is etched on it with a needle. From this _negative_ positive +pictures are printed photographically. + +As to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) are +from a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, exposed to +faint light for a short time and developed. In this method, the glass +should be heated; and the collodion _burnished_ with the hand, to make it +adhere well.[5] The owl (p. 22.) and the stork (p. 10.) are from a glass +coated with iodized collodion "rendered sensitive" only, and not developed +so as to be only semi-opaque. On this high lights were put with opaque +white, and darks were etched out. This has the effect of a tinted +lithograph, but requires much more care in printing than the former method, +in order to hit the right tint; so much so, that I have usually printed the +stork faintly so as not to show the "tint" at all. The frontispiece is from +a paper negative, a method much more troublesome and tedious than either of +the others, both in preparation of the negative and in printing. + +I have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, were +it not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I prepared a +negative by painting whites with water colour on transparent glass with +moderate success. + +I have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative on +smoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I have +tried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier than any +species of engraving. + +Query, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the cost of +printing on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, &c.; in +which must be included the cost of the skilled workman which will be saved +by this method? + +HUGH BLACKBURN. + + [When we add that the work referred to is an edition of _The History of + Little Downey_, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and + printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number + of copies may be had on application to Messrs. {629} Constable and Co. + of Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged + School, we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure + copies, and help to forward the good work which its publication is + intended to promote.] + +[Footnote 5: This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who +indeed prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.] + +_Collodion Negatives._--Allow me to communicate a sure and simple way of +darkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to me by a friend +of mine; and not having seen it in your "N. & Q.," I have undertaken to lay +it before your readers, hoping that it may be found useful to many +beginners. + +After having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate of +iron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep it +on one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three +parts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a nitrate +of silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix together, and pour +on the plate. The picture will gradually begin to blacken; and after half +an hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient density for printing a +positive on paper. + +Every one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. Of +all the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not +excepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate +of ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. Just +try it, and you will be glad with the result. + +F. M. (a Maltese.) + +Malta, Valetta. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +"_London Labour and the London Poor_" (Vol. viii., p. 527.).--I beg to +inform MR. GANTILLON that the above work is discontinued. The parts +entitled "Those that will work" and "Those that cannot work" have been +completed, and form a valuable book; but the discontinuance of the third +part is no loss at all, for in commencing upon "Those that will not work," +Mr. Mayhew began with a history of prostitution in ancient and modern +times, a subject which did not possess the novelty or originality of his +other divisions, and consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was +forced first to raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue +altogether, the publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to +treating the London prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would +have been completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopædia of +London Labour and the London Poor. + +ARTHUR C. WILSON. + +Brompton. + +_Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric_ (Vol. viii., p. 407.).--Your +correspondent MR. WELD TAYLOR seems to possess the first rude draught of +the following beautiful piece by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin +Call," a duet sung by Miss A. Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent +and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, +Mrs. Aveling Smith and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza +Birch, Miss Turner and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover: + + "Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet, + Come to the dingles where fairies meet; + Know that the lilies have spread their bells + O'er all the pools in our forest dells; + Come away, under arching bows we'll float, + Making each urn a fairy boat; + We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free, + And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be. + And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low, + It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow; + As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh, + Or water-drops train'd into melody, + And a star from the depth of each pearly cup, + A golden star into heav'n looks up, + As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie, + Set in the blue of the summer sky." + +J. YEOWELL. + +_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).--Though unable to inform +CHARTHAM and A READER in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier +resided during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can +state the connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston +families: I believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related." + +Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary Fitzalan, +had Philip (_jure matris_), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 attainted, and +was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This last was father of +Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of Greystock Castle, who +married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of George Tattersall, of West +Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. Wilts. + +Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke of +Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of Worksop) +of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of Forfar, in +Scotland. + +H. C. C. + +I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +in 1833 or 1834. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +_Grammar in relation to Logic_ (Vol. viii., p. 514).--MR. INGLEBY evidently +has but a superficial view of this doctrine, which is not only Dr. +Latham's, but one, I apprehend, pretty well known to every Oxford +undergraduate, viz. that, logically, _conjunctions connect propositions, +not words_. By way of proving the falsity of it (which he says is +demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham "resolve this sentence: _All men are +either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged_:" and adds, "It cannot be +done." I may inform him that the three categorical propositions, "A man is +two-legged, or he is {630} one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected by +their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the +disjunctive proposition which he instances. + +MR. INGLEBY quotes Boole's _Mathematical (?) Analysis of Logic_ in support +of his opinion; but, from the following specimen of that work, it does not +appear to be much of an authority. The author says: + + "The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, cannot + be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal is + irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to + hypotheticals." + +Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the +proposition in question can be resolved into--An animal is rational or it +is irrational. Again, "the former does _not_ belong to pure categoricals," +it is simply disjunctive. MR. INGLEBY falls into the same error, and +moreover seems not to be aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the +same time hypothetical. + +Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, strictly, +connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect words, may be +true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and loose mode of +stating the matter. + +H. C. K. + +----Rectory, Hereford. + +_Descendants of Milton_ (Vol. viii., p. 339.).--I have in the course of my +life met with or heard of more than once or twice, people of the same +names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no way related to each +other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your correspondent J. F. M. that +about twenty years ago there was living the skipper of a coasting vessel, +trading between Bridport and London, named Caleb Clark. He or his family +are probably living at Bridport now. + +[Greek: Alpha]. + +_Pronunciation of Bible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The clerk of a +retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first lesson +always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and as the +names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, after +getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid +gentlemen" afterwards. + +W. COLLYNS. + +Harlow. + +_Henry I.'s Tomb_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I fancy that the much mooted +question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the remains of King +Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by referring to +Tanner's _Notitia Monastica_, edit. 1744, in the second column of p. 15.: +where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King Henry I. had once +existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and that, in the time of +King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required to repair both the tomb +and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was there buried, within the +space of one year, as the condition on which the charters were to be +confirmed: + +"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 Ric. II. +p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, modo Abbas +infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem _R. Henrici_ +Fundatoris, ibidem humati." + +I. T. A. + +_Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.): _Chandler, Bishop of +Durham_ (Vol. viii, p. 331.).--I may perhaps "kill two birds with one +stone," by reminding MESSRS. GATTY and NEWBURN that the Bishops of Durham +were formerly _Princes of the Palatinate_. It was probably in that capacity +that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and Bishop +Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, I +believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI._ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The return of +12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's _Worthies_, under each county. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +I read in Fuller's _Worthies_, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.: + + "A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end + of the reign of King Henry VIII." + +Does this list exist in any of our record offices? + +And has it ever been printed? + +TEWARS. + +_Peter Allan_ (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--Your correspondent E. C. will find +much interesting information respecting this person in an account of him +reprinted from the _Sunderland and Durham County Herald_, and published +(1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the title of _Marsden Rock, or +the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine Grotto_. He, his wife, eight +children, and aged father and mother, are there described as being in a +very flourishing condition: and (if I remember rightly) I saw them all, +when I last visited the rock in 1850. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Burial in an Erect Posture_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--The following passage, +which I quote from Hearne's _Collection of Antiquarian Discourses_, vol. i. +p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable to CHEVERELLS, as showing (on +traditional authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in +the case of captains in the army: + + "For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that + when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used + to take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet _uprighte_, and put his + {631} launce or pike into his hand; and then his fellowe souldyers did + by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and laye aboute him as + should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his pike." + +I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners and +customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of burial. In +one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright posture, +perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and another, +one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a kind of +sentry-box. + +R. W. ELLIOTT. + +Clifton. + +_The Word "Mob"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).--Roger North, speaking +of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a more visible +administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship (Shaftsbury) and +the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the immediate tools," says: + + "I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called + _the mob_, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of + burthen, and called first _mobile vulgus_, but fell naturally into the + contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper + English."--_Examen_, part III. ch. vii. p. 89. + +H. GARDINER. + +_Gen. Sir C. Napier_ (Vol. viii., p. 490.).--I may state, for the +instruction of officers who think study needless in their profession, that, +having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier for some time +before he had the command in the midland district of England, I constantly +found him engaged in inquiries connected with his profession. He was always +in training. Not long before this time he had returned from Caen, in +Normandy, and he told me that when there he had surveyed the ground on +which William the Conqueror had acquired military fame before he made his +descent on England, and his conclusion was that that Conqueror was +remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of war. He expressed his +intention to write on this subject; but great events soon afterwards called +him to India, which became the scene of his own mastery in military and +civil command. + +T. F. + +_To Come_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--In the Lower Saxon dialect, to come is +_camen_, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, _quam_. It would therefore seem +that the English _came_ is not an innovation, but a partial restoration or +preservation of a very ancient form. (See Adelung's _Wörterbuch_.) + +E. C. H. + +_Passage in Sophocles_ (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).--The Italics were +introduced to draw attention to the _new_ version which was adventured, "N. +& Q." being an excellent medium for such suggestions. + +Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and the +old scholiast having furnished this saying, + + "[Greek: Hotan d' ho daimôn andri porsunêi kaka] + [Greek: Ton noun eblapse prôton hôi bouleuetai]," + +it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted to +suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it +appeared that-- + + [Greek: hôi bouleuetai prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas]; + +and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he lives +for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I submit, from +the adoption of Brunck's reading [Greek: prassein], instead of reading, as +I venture to do, with Hermann, [Greek: theos agei ... prassei d'], taking +[Greek: theos] as the nominative of both verbs. + +Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders [Greek: +oligoston] "_very_ brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast +to the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from +[Greek: prassô], to act, through [Greek: pragma], business, and [Greek: +praxis], practice, and is therefore the most appropriate English word, +although the word "does" will furnish Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I +shall, however, be most happy to submit to correction by any classical +scholar. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century_ (Vol. viii., p. 485.).--I must +beg of you to contradict the loose statement of JARLTZBERG at p. 486. of +this Volume, "as to the object of the Church of England in _separating +from_ Rome." Now, the Church of England did never _separate herself_ from +_any_ Christian Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of +England is to be found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and +Pius IV. offered to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge +the Pope's supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually +conformed to the worship of the Church of England for the first _twelve +years_ of Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented +from doing so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which +excommunicated that sovereign. + +So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. 351.).--Sir Anthony +Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet in _A Letter to a +Convocation Man_ I find him so styled: + + "I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury {632} was prohibited to + hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, + and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for + a law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite + him."--_L. C. M._, p. 38. + +I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's +_Abridgment of Cases_, or Speed's _History of Great Britain_, but I am not +able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s convocations +allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that Fitzherbert must be +a misprint, and that we should read in the above passage "Fitz-Peter," and +that the following is the circumstance, in King John's reign, which is +referred to by the author of the _Letter_: + + "This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National + Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey + Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of England."--Collier's + _Ecclesiastical History_, vol. i. folio, p. 410. + +I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the +passage. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Veneration for the Oak_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--Since my Query upon this +matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon _Nineveh and +Babylon_, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green felspar, which he +believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and upon which is engraved +a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a sacred tree, whose +flowers are in this instance in the shape of an _acorn_. Whence did the +Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree bearing acorns? Did they derive +this notion, as they did their tin, from Celtic Britain? I believe they +did. + +G. W. + +Stansted, Montfichet. + +_Rapping no Novelty_ (Vol. viii., p. 512.).--De Foe, in his veracious +_History of Mr. Duncan Campbell_ (2nd ed., p. 107.), quotes a story of +sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. Baxter's _History of +Apparitions_, prefacing it thus: + + "What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ himself + in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a man who + got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are + ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, + that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to + call in question." + +According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding many +pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to think +what kind of spirit this is." + +R. I. R. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +DR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS. Lond. 1662. Folio. + +HIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Romæ, 1650. 2 Toms. in 1. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + + * * * * * + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romæ, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUÆ IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HÆRETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONÆ ERRONIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, GENTLE READERS! _We trust that, in presenting +you this week with the curious collection of_ FOLK LORE _articles which is +now before you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you._ + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, KIND FRIENDS AND CORRESPONDENTS! _and_ THANKS +TO YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE CO-OPERATION. _May your Christmas logs burn +brightly on your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at +this "so hallowed and so gracious time!"_ + +_Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as circumstances will +admit by including within its pages, as far as practicable, all Answers to +the Queries which have been propounded in it, we have this week omitted our +usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. _for the purpose of making room for the +numerous_ REPLIES _which we have in type._ + +E. C. H. _Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are many +difficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of being +enabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, which we +think will be time enough._ + +W. E. (Pimperne). _Your note has been forwarded._ + +G. C._'s Reply to_ SERVIENS _will appear next week; his Query in the new +Volume._ + +J. D. L. (Bristol). _The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were found +nailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth._ + +E. H. D. D._'s wishes shall be attended to in our next._ + +PHOTOGRAPHER. _Your complaint of the shortness of the notice of the +proposed Exhibition is one we have heard from several quarters. Many will +consequently be prevented sending in pictures for exhibition by the +impossibility of printing them during the present unfavourable weather._ + +INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we +trust, be ready for delivery with_ NO. 221. _on the 21st of January._ + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 590., for "not in the New Testament" read "or of +the New Testament;" and for "read this with an accent on the antepenultima" +read "read this with an accent on the penultima." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +{633} + +Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound, + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. 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KEITH JOHNSTON'S NEW DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, +Statistical, and Historical; forming a complete GENERAL GAZETTEER of the +WORLD. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, in 8vo., price to the Trade, 3s. 6d. + +THE TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND +MARRIAGES, IN ENGLAND. + + London: Published for H. M. Stationery Office by MESSRS. LONGMAN, + BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS; + + Of whom the previous REPORTS (from the FIRST to the ELEVENTH inclusive) + may still be had. + + * * * * * + + +Lately published, in 3 vols. 8vo., price 28s. + +THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND: A History of the English Commonwealth till the +Period of the Norman Conquest. By JOHN M. KEMBLE, M.A. F.C.P.S. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, in post 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +LECTURES ON THE TRUE, THE BEAUTIFUL, AND THE GOOD. By M. VICTOR COUSIN. +Translated, with the Author's approbation, from the new and greatly +improved French edition, by O. W. WIGHT, Translator of Cousin's "Course of +the History of Modern Philosophy." + +Edinburgh: T. & J. CLARK. +London: HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. + + * * * * * + + +THE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT. + +"Pluck a Flower." + +A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be +published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any respectable +bookseller in town or country. + +MILNER & SOWERBY. HALIFAX. + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS. + + NOTICE.--With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published, + beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS, + including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound. The FIRST + VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the + +LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. 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CHAMBERS to adapt their efforts to the improving tastes of the age. +In particular there will be presented a higher class of Fiction, commencing +with a + +TALE OF MODERN LIFE, + +by MR. LEITCH RITCHIE, which will be continued in weekly chapters till +completed; also a + +MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE LIBRARY AND STUDIO, + +in addition to a Monthly Record, still more carefully drawn up than +formerly, of the + +PROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND THE USEFUL ARTS. + +Among expected contributions of importance, may be mentioned a series of +Articles on + +THINGS AS THEY ARE IN AMERICA, + +by MR. 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Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +WINTER EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.--An entirely New Collection of +Photographic Pictures, including Mr. Robertson's Views of Constantinople; +M. Martin's Magnificent Scenery among the Glaciers of Switzerland; and Mr. +Delamotte's Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham; is now open. +Admission 6d. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +166. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils. &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. 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L. & E., &c. + +Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology," "A Catechism of +Agricultural Chemistry," &c. + + * * * * * + +It is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present +Condition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the +subjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, should +he find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in other +Popular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his Library. + +It will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order: + + 1.--The AIR we Breathe. + The WATER we Drink. + + 2.--The SOIL we Cultivate. + The PLANT we Rear. + + 3.--The BREAD we Eat. + The BEEF we Cook. + + 4.--The BEVERAGES we Infuse. + + 5.--The SWEETS we Extract. + The LIQUORS we Ferment. + + 6.--The NARCOTICS we Indulge in. + + 7.--The ODOURS we Enjoy. The SMELLS we Dislike. + + 8.--What we BREATHE and + BREATHE For. + What, How, and Why we + Digest. + + 9.--The BODY we Cherish. + The CIRCULATION of + MATTER, a Recapitulation. + +*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each. + + * * * * * + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY. + +PRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk. + +Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the +Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for +Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. + + £ s. + Annual Subscription 0 10 + Composition for Life 5 0 + +On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required, +from which those Members who join the Society during the present month will +be exempt. + + GEORGE BISH WEBB, + Honorary Secretary. + 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill. + + * * * * * + + +TO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + +THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William +College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the +Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an +Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic +Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties +desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application +as above. + + * * * * * + + +ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE. + +REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected +with the Assyrian Language, and would also give _vivâ voce_ Instruction +therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this +important Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position, +may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory, +Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st January. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s. + +A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES. Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + +WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +THE MOST COMFORTABLE CHRISTMAS PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILT. It +is the warmest, the Highest and the most elegant Covering, suitable for the +Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its comfort cannot be +too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large +Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of Prices of the above, +together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by Post. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +{635} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly TWO PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurance may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, and Exported +to any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine +is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this +Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, +Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all +respectable Chemists, in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free, 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + + C. BAKER'S, Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High + Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price 1s., per +Post. 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +VIEWS IN LONDON. + +STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES. + +BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT +MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and +in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on PAPER, and +TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, +the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + +*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +{636} + +LITERARY GIFT BOOKS. + + * * * * * + +THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:-- + +I. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. + +II. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. +12s. + +III. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s. + +IV. + +BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. +10s. 6d. + +V. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. + +VI. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and +Vignette. 12s. + +VII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. + +VIII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and +Vignettes. 10s. 6d. + +IX. + +BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. + +X. + +BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. + +XI. + +MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. 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Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. 21s. + +XXVI. + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. 21s. + +XXVII. + +JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2s. 6d. + +XXVIII. + +ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4s. + +XXIX. + +THE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7s. 6d. + +XXX. + +JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6s. + +XXXI. + +JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6s. + + * * * * * + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming +Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for +insertion by the 4th, of January. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE. + +Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7s. 6d. + +A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature, +Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. 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Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ., +Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December +24. 1853. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 217, +December 24, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30133 *** diff --git a/30133-h/30133-h.htm b/30133-h/30133-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..81c27c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/30133-h/30133-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,4414 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> + <title> + Notes And Queries, Issue 217. + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;} + p.center {text-align: center;} + blockquote {text-align: justify;} + blockquote.b2n {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em; } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center;} + pre {font-size: 0.7em;} + + hr {text-align: center; 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margin-top: 1em;} + img.middle { border: none; vertical-align: middle } + + </style> + </head> +<body> +<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30133 ***</div> + +<p><!-- Page 613 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page613"></a>{613}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 217.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 24. 1853</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page613">613</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page614">614</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page615">615</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>County Rhymes</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page615">615</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal) and the Giant, + by Frances Robert Davies</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page616">616</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore Miscellanies</span>:—Yorkshire + Tradition—Custom on St. Thomas's Day—Custom on Innocents' + Day—Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire—Folk Lore in + Hampshire—Propitiating the Fairies—Cornish Folk + Lore—King Arthur in the Form of a Raven—St. Clement's + Apple Feast in Staffordshire—New Year's Eve and New Year's + Day</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page617">617</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Carlist + Calembourg—Jewish Custom—Lachlan Macleane—German + Tree—The late Duke</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page618">618</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page619">619</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Barrels + Regiment—Okey the Regicide—Lady Mason's Third + Husband—Creation of Knights—Martyn the + Regicide—History of the Nonjurors—Florin and the Royal + Arms—A Mistletoe Query</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page620">620</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries With Answers</span>:—Sewell + Family—Greek Epigram—Translations from + Æschylus—Prince Memnon's Sister—"Oh! for a blast," + &c.—Robin Hood's Festival—Church in Suffolk</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page621">621</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Children called Imps</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page623">623</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Divining Rod</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page623">623</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books burned by the common Hangman, by W. Fraser, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page625">625</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poetical Tavern Signs</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Photographic Engraving—Collodion + Negatives</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:—"London + Labour and the London Poor"—Felicia Hemans's inedited + Lyric—Sir Arthur Aston—Grammar in relation to + Logic—Descendants of Milton—Pronunciation of Bible + Names—Henry I.'s Tomb—Bells at + Berwick-upon-Tweed—Return of Gentry, temp. Henry + VI.—Peter Allan—Burial in an erect Posture—The Word + "Mob"—Gen. Sir C. Napier—To Come—Passage in + Sophocles—Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century—Judges + styled Reverend—Veneration for the Oak—Rapping no + Novelty</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page629">629</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page632">632</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page632">632</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page633">633</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>FOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I.</h3> + + <p>In turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I + stumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well + from their antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a + place in your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of + our ancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the + reign of James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the + following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading + to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the + Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that + seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of + Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio. + London, 1624."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This, however, is described as being "the fifth impression;" the + Preface is dated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that + the usages and rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of + your readers, were current in the north-west districts of England more + than two hundred and fifty years since.</p> + + <p>White is insisting upon "the prodigious ignorance" which he found + among his parishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he + proceeds thus to tell his own tale:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them, + concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart + trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how + to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that hear + them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously, they + refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they speak that + which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have observed + from the common people."</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">THE CREED.</span></p> + + <p>"Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum + qui sum sops, virgini Mariæ, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers, + morti <!-- Page 614 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page614"></a>{614}</span>by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un + judicarum, finis a mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, + remissurum, peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam + again."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="scac">THE LITTLE CREED.</span></p> + <p class="hg3">"Little Creed, can I need,</p> + <p>Kneele before our Ladies knee;</p> + <p>Candle light, candles burne,</p> + <p>Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne,</p> + <p>That we might all to heaven come.</p> + <p class="i2">Little Creed, Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:'</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother,</p> + <p>What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves.</p> + <p>What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes.</p> + <p>Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates:</p> + <p>And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother.</p> + <p class="i2">White Pater-noster, Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Another Prayer:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I blesse me with God and the rood,</p> + <p>With his sweet flesh and precious blood;</p> + <p>With his crosse and his creed,</p> + <p>With his length and his breed,</p> + <p>From my toe to my crowne,</p> + <p>And all my body up and downe,</p> + <p>From my back to my brest,</p> + <p>My five wits be my rest;</p> + <p>God let never ill come at ill,</p> + <p>But through Jesus owne will,</p> + <p>Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather + it for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and + then they blesse it thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hallowed be thou, Vervein,</p> + <p>As thou growest on the ground,</p> + <p>For in the Mount of Calvary,</p> + <p>There thou wast first found.</p> + <p>Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ,</p> + <p>And staunchedst his bleeding wound;</p> + <p>In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost,</p> + <p>I take thee from the ground."</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p>These passages may be seen in the "Preface to the Reader," § 13., no + page, but on the reverse of Sig. A 4.</p> + + <p>It might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting + remnants of early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous + correspondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to + this inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the + volume in which they occur is one which would seem, <i>primâ facie</i>, + least likely to afford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting + bulky folios of which the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with + so many specimens. Here we might fairly expect to discover abundant + illustrations of patristic and scholastic theology, of learning and + pedantry, of earnest devotion, and ill-temper no less earnest; but + nothing whereby to illustrate the manners or customs, the traditions, or + the popular usages or superstitions, of the common people. This may be a + hint for us, however, to direct our attention to a class of literature + which hitherto has scarcely received the attention to which it would + appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my conviction, that + if those who are interested in the illustration of our popular + antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English + theology, the result would be more important than might at first be + anticipated.</p> + + <p class="author">L. B.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The fact mentioned by your correspondent <span class="sc">C. Clifton + Barry</span>, at p. 357., as to the affinity of Midland songs and ballads + to those of Scotland, I have often observed, and among the striking + instances of it which could be adduced, the following may be named, as + well known in Northamptonshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland;</p> + <p>It rains both great and small;</p> + <p>And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland</p> + <p>Must needs go and play at ball.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"They tossed the ball so high, so high,</p> + <p>And yet it came down so low;</p> + <p>They tossed it over the old Jew's gates,</p> + <p>And broke the old Jew's window.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The old Jew's daughter she came out;</p> + <p>Was clothed all in green;</p> + <p class="hg1">'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh,</p> + <p>And fetch your ball again.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"'I dare not come, I dare not come,</p> + <p>Unless my schoolfellows come all;</p> + <p>And I shall be flogged when I get home,</p> + <p>For losing of my ball.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She 'ticed him with an apple so red,</p> + <p>And likewise with a fig:</p> + <p>She laid him on the dresser board,</p> + <p>And stickéd him like a pig.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The thickest of blood did first come out,</p> + <p>The second came out so thin;</p> + <p>The third that came was his dear heart's blood,</p> + <p>Where all his life lay in."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I + think is printed, with variations, in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>. It is also + worthy of remark, that there is a resemblance also between the words + which occur as provincialisms in the same district, and some of those + which are used in Scotland; e.g. <i>whemble</i> or <i>whommel</i> + (sometimes not aspirated, and pronounced <i>wemble</i>), to turn upside + down, as a dish. This word is Scotch, although they do not pronounce the + b any more than in <i>Campbell</i>, which sounds very much like + <i>Camel</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 615 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page615"></a>{615}</span></p> + +<h3>PENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS.</h3> + + <p>This anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and + western states as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, + where, owing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, + Christmas is not much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages + connected with it are of German origin, and derived from the early + settlers of the Teutonic race, whose descendants are now a very numerous + portion of the population. The Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is + planted in a flower-pot filled with earth, and its branches are covered + with presents, chiefly of confectionary, for the younger members of the + family.</p> + + <p>When bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their + stockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by + a fabulous personage called <i>Krishkinkle</i>, who is believed to + descend the chimney with them for all the children who have been good + during the previous year. The word <i>Krishkinkle</i> is a corruption of + <i>Christ-kindlein</i>, literally <i>Christ-infant</i>, and is understood + to be derived from the fact that a representation of the Infant Saviour + in the manger formed part of the decorations prepared for the children at + Christmas.</p> + + <p>If the children have not been good during the year previous, instead + of finding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas + morning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been + placed there by <i>Pelsnichol</i>, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to + the dress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make + <i>Pelsnichol</i> identical with <i>Krishkinkle</i>, but the more general + opinion is that they are two personages, one the rewarder of the good, + the other the punisher of the bad.</p> + + <p>The functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed + to Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled + by the Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, + LL.D., of New York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on + Christmas Eve, and is equally applicable to our Krishkinkle:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"<i>A Visit from St. Nicholas.</i></p> + <p class="hg1">'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house</p> + <p>Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;</p> + <p>The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,</p> + <p>In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.</p> + <p>The children were nestled all snug in their beds,</p> + <p>While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;</p> + <p>And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap</p> + <p>Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap,</p> + <p>When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,</p> + <p>I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.</p> + <p>Away to the window I flew like a flash,</p> + <p>Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash;</p> + <p>The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow</p> + <p>Gave the lustre of day to the objects below;</p> + <p>When what to my wondering eyes should appear</p> + <p>But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer,</p> + <p>With a little old driver so lively and quick,</p> + <p>I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.</p> + <p>More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,</p> + <p>And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now, Vixen!</p> + <p>On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen!</p> + <p>To the top of the stoop<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, to the top of the wall!</p> + <p>Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!'</p> + <p>As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly,</p> + <p>When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,</p> + <p>So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,</p> + <p>With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too;</p> + <p>And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof</p> + <p>The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.</p> + <p>As I drew in my head and was turning around,</p> + <p>Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.</p> + <p>He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot,</p> + <p>And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot.</p> + <p>A bundle of toys he had flung on his back;</p> + <p>And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack.</p> + <p>His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry!</p> + <p>His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry;</p> + <p>His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,</p> + <p>And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow;</p> + <p>The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,</p> + <p>And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath.</p> + <p>He had a broad face and a little round belly,</p> + <p>That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly.</p> + <p>He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,</p> + <p>And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself.</p> + <p>A wink of his eye and a twist of his head</p> + <p>Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.</p> + <p>He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,</p> + <p>And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk;</p> + <p>And laying his finger aside of his nose,</p> + <p>And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.</p> + <p>He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,</p> + <p>And away they all flew like the down of a thistle:</p> + <p>But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>COUNTY RHYMES.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Kent.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He that will not live long,</p> + <p>Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea,</p> + <p class="i1">Rumney and Rye, the five ports be."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Cheshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Chester of Castria took the name,</p> + <p class="i1">As if that Castria were the same."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> +<!-- Page 616 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page616"></a>{616}</span> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Lincolnshire</span>—<i>Stamford</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Doctrinæ studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum,</p> + <p>Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray,</p> + <p class="i1">Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="sc">Wiltshire</span>—<i>Salisbury Cathedral</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As many days as in one year there be,</p> + <p>So many windows in this church you see.</p> + <p>As many marble pillars here appear,</p> + <p>As there are hours through the fleeting year.</p> + <p>As many gates as moons one here does view</p> + <p>Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Chippenham</i>—On a Stone.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift,</p> + <p class="i2">For where I stand is Chippenham clift."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="sc">Surrey</span>—<i>Market House, Farnham</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"You who do like me, give money to end me,</p> + <p>You who dislike me, give as much to mend me."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><i>Woking</i>—<i>Sutton</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Beastly 'Oking—pretty Sutton,</p> + <p class="i3">Filthy foxglove—bach'lors button."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"'Oking was—Guildford is—Godalming shall be."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Somersetshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Stanton Drew,</p> + <p>A mile from Pensford—another from Chew."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Pembrokeshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Once to Rome thy steps incline,</p> + <p class="i3">But visit twice St. David's shrine."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"When Percelty weareth a hat,</p> + <p class="i3">All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ebff.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bolt Court.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) +AND THE GIANT.</h3> + + <p>Once upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's + fame, determined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now + Fuenvicouil was informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also + that on the present occasion matters would not turn out much to his + advantage if they fought: so as he did not feel the least bit + "blue-mowlded for the want of a batin'," like Neal Malone, he was at a + loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife, saw his distress, and soon contrived + to find out the cause of it; and having done so, she assured him that if + he would leave things to her management, and strictly obey her + directions, she would make the giant return home faster than he came. + Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no time was to be lost, Oonagh + commenced her preparations. She first baked two or three large cakes of + bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron plate used in Ireland and + Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest. She then put several + gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and carefully + collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then proceeded + to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his head, + tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but to + carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were + only just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the + house, demanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said + she could not tell <i>any more than the child in the cradle</i>, where + her husband then was; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till + Fuenvicouil came in. She then placed bread and whey before him till some + better refreshments could be got ready, taking care to give him the cake + with the griddle in it, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or + three gallons. The giant was a little surprised at the <i>quantity</i> of + the lunch set before him, and proceeded to break a piece off the cake but + in vain; he then tried to bite it, with as little success: and as to + swallowing the ocean of whey set before him, it was out of the question; + so he said he was not hungry, and would wait. He then asked Oonagh what + was the favourite feat of strength her husband prided himself upon. She + could not indeed particularise any one, but said that sometimes + Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing water out of that stone there, + pointing to a rock lying near the door. The giant immediately took it up; + and squeezed it till the blood started from his fingers, but made no + impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his discomfiture, and said a + child could do that, handing at the same time the lump of curds to "the + baby." Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively listening to all that was + going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops of whey fell from it. + Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and hugged her "dear baby;" + and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had prepared, began to coax + the "child" to eat a little bit and get strong. The giant amazed, asked, + could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh persuaded him to put his + finger into the child's mouth, "just to feel his teeth;" and as soon as + Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he bit it off. This was + more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a child in the cradle + was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he decamped before + Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the house, while + Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till he returned + to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with + Fuenvicouil.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Frances Robert Davies.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 617 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page617"></a>{617}</span></p> + +<h3>FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Yorkshire Tradition.</i>—The following tradition of + Osmotherly, in Yorkshire, was related to me as being current in that + county. Can you inform me if it is authentic?</p> + + <p>Some years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who + had an only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they + met a party of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. + After being much importuned she assented to their request. To the + mother's astonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would + be drowned. In order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated + mother purchased some land and built a house on the summit of a high + hill, where she lived with her son a long time in peace and seclusion. + Happening one fine summer's day in the course of a perambulation to have + fatigued themselves, they sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell + asleep. While enjoying this repose, a spring rose up from the ground, + which caused such an inundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side + they found a watery grave. After this had occurred, the people residing + in the neighbourhood named it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been + corrupted into Osmotherly.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Carter</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Custom on St. Thomas's Day</i> (<i>Dec. 21</i>).—At + Harvington, in Worcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for + persons (chiefly children) to go round the village begging for apples, + and singing the following rhymes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Wissal, wassail through the town,</p> + <p>If you've got any apples, throw them down.</p> + <p>Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe,</p> + <p>If you've got no apples, money will do.</p> + <p>The jug is white, and the ale is brown,</p> + <p>This is the best house in the town."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Custom on Innocents' Day</i> (<i>Dec. 28</i>).—At Norton + (near Evesham) it is the custom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal + for the slaughter of the Holy Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of + joy for the deliverance of the Infant Christ.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire.</i>—A singular but + pleasing custom exists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On + the occasion of a wedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a + relative invariably spreads on the pavement, which is composed of + pebbles, before her house, a quantity of silver sand, there called + "greet," in the form of wreaths of flowers, and writes, with the same + material, wishes for her happiness. This, of course, is soon discovered + by others, and immediately, especially if the bride or bridegroom are + favorites, appear before most of the houses numerous flowers in sand. It + is said that this custom arose from the only church they had being + without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a wedding, they adopted + it; and though now there are other churches and a peal of bells, they + still adhere to the above method of communicating intelligence of such + happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been able to learn, and + I should be much obliged for any information on the point, there being no + sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like reason for its + use.</p> + + <p>One circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the + return of the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, + who, of course, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry + of "a buttermilk wedding."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole.</span></p> + + <p><i>Folk Lore in Hampshire.</i>—In Hampshire the country people + believe that a healing power exists in the alms collected at the + administration of the sacrament, and many of them use the money as a + charm to cure the diseases of the body. A short time ago a woman came to + a clergyman, and brought with her half-a-crown, asking at the same time + for five "sacrament sixpences" in exchange. She said that one of her + relations was ill, and that she wished to use the money as a charm to + drive away the disease. This superstition may have arisen from the once + prevalent custom of distributing the alms in the church to those of the + poor who were present at the sacrament.</p> + + <p>I have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same "gifts of + healing" to the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, + will carry it away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to + be recorded in "N. & Q.," perhaps you would like to "make a note of + it."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton.</span></p> + + <p><i>Propitiating the Fairies.</i>—Having some years since, on a + Sunday afternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in + the eastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on + horseback, headed by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as + I approached her, she stopped me, and producing a <i>cake</i>, presented + it to me, and insisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the + Isle of Man, I had the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate + several pieces of folk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that + island. It had been customary, within his recollection, for a woman, when + carrying a child to be christened, to take with her <i>a piece of bread + and cheese</i>, to give to the first person she met, for the purpose of + <i>saving the child from witchcraft or the fairies</i>. Another custom + was that of the "Queeltah," or salt put under the churn <i>to keep off + bad people</i>. Stale water was thrown on the plough "to keep it from the + <i>little <!-- Page 618 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page618"></a>{618}</span>folks</i>." A cross was tied in the tail + of a cow "to keep her from <i>bad bodies</i>." On May morning it was + deemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house + for fire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers + growing in a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep + off the fairies. And finally, the last cake was left "behind the + turf-flag for the little people."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven.</i>—In + Jarvis's translation of <i>Don Quixote</i>, book <span + class="scac">II</span>. chap. v., the following passage occurs:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and + histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King + Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom + there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of + Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was + turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign again, + and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot be + proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a + raven?'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>My reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact + that the legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was + still repeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. + My father, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a + few years of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he + was walking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, + he saw a raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near + immediately rebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have + shot at a raven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that + bird. My father was much interested when I drew his attention to the + passage which I have quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh + correspondents may be able to say whether the legend is still known among + the people of Cornwall or Wales.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edgar MacCulloch.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Guernsey.</p> + + <p><i>St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire.</i>—On the feast + of St. Clement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in + the villages to which they belong singing the following doggerel:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine!</p> + <p>A good red apple and a pint of wine,</p> + <p>Some of your mutton and some of your veal,</p> + <p>If it is good, pray give me a deal;</p> + <p>If it is not, pray give some salt.</p> + <p>Butler, butler, fill your bowl;</p> + <p>If thou fillst it of the best,</p> + <p>The Lord'll send your soul to rest;</p> + <p>If thou fillst it of the small,</p> + <p>Down goes butler, bowl and all.</p> + <p>Pray, good mistress, send to me</p> + <p>One for Peter, one for Paul,</p> + <p>One for Him who made us all,</p> + <p>Apple, pear, plum, or cherry,</p> + <p>Any good thing to make us merry;</p> + <p>A bouncing buck and a velvet chair,</p> + <p>Clement comes but once a year;</p> + <p>Off with the pot and on with the pan,</p> + <p>A good red apple and I'll begone."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>How the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be + at least three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's + service.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish + farther illustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in + Worcestershire, St. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the + patrons on these occasions.</p> + + <p class="author">G. E. T. S. R. N.</p> + + <p><i>New Year's Eve and New Year's Day.</i>—Another German custom + prevalent in Philadelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of + the old year and the arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As + soon as the sun sets the firing commences, and it is kept up all night + with every description of musket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called + "firing out the old year" and "firing in the new year."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Carlist Calembourg.</i>—The original of the French <i>jeu + d'esprit</i> in Vol. viii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated + in the <i>salons</i> about the middle of 1831:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri)."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>There was another also very popular:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> + + <p><i>Jewish Custom.</i>—In a recently published music-novel of + some merit, called <i>Charles Auchester</i>, occurs the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my + music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we + all are to Jehovah.' <i>'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say + Jehovah</i>; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt + to pronounce the "four-lettered" Name, and in reading and speaking always + use instead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most + part the same habit. The writer of <i>Charles Auchester</i> can only + defend himself by the example of the writer of <!-- Page 619 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page619"></a>{619}</span><i>Ivanhoe</i>, who has + made the same oversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making + Isaac the Jew wish his daughter had been called Benoni, <i>i.e.</i> the + <i>son</i> of sorrow. The vowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of + Adonai, inserted by the Massorites; but this is another subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Lachlan Macleane.</i>—This individual, whose claim to the + authorship of Junius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia + ninety-five years ago, and his name figures there in the accounts of the + overseers of the poor, under date of November 9, 1758:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid + by Laughlane M‘Clain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his + commissions and writing bond were deducted)</p> + + <p class="author">£24 : 5 : 0"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even + in that, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing + the bond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present + currency.</p> + + <p class="author">M. E.</p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>German Tree.</i>—The following extract concerning this + accessory to Christmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be + interesting at the present season. It is taken from the <i>Loseley + Manuscripts</i>, edited by A. J. Kempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline, + making what he termed a <i>Christmas tree</i> for a juvenile party at + that festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on + a board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, + &c.; and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by + figures of animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming + Christmas trees is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a + remain of the pageants constructed at that season in ancient days."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of + the farm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span></p> + + <p><i>The late Duke.</i>—The following curious coincidence, which + lately appeared in the <i>Meath Herald</i>, deserves transplanting to the + literary museum of "N. & Q.":</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by + property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke + spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by + being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the + old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On the + news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean Butler + caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory; and the + large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest in + Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it + suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes. Whether + this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret for the + great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it may appear + to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by Edmund Blood, + 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine bell commenced its + career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to sound at his death. The + parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast, and the old metal is to be + seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>THE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS.</h3> + + <p><i>A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings + of Shoemakers.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <span class="sc">Crispin</span> trade! What better trade can be?</p> + <p>Ancient and famous, independent, free!</p> + <p>No other trade a brighter claim can find;</p> + <p>No other trade display more share of mind!</p> + <p>No other calling prouder names can boast,—</p> + <p>In arms, in arts,—themselves a perfect host!</p> + <p>All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride;</p> + <p>To dare heroic, and in suffering tried!</p> + <p>But first and chief—and as such claims inspire—</p> + <p>Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire?</p> + <p><span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>! they who sought</p> + <p>Safety with us, and at the calling wrought:</p> + <p>Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast</p> + <p>Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the <i>last</i>!</p> + <p>Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread,</p> + <p>Make the <i>good fit</i>, and win their daily bread.</p> + <p>This was their strait and doing—this their doom;</p> + <p>They sought our shelter, and they found a home!</p> + <p>Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro,</p> + <p>Weary they came and hid them from the foe;</p> + <p>Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd,</p> + <p>Hunted from place to place, though still they held</p> + <p>Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw</p> + <p>The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Such is the story—so behaved our trade;</p> + <p>And then the Church its zealous homage paid,</p> + <p>And made their death-day holy, as we see</p> + <p>Still in the Calendar, and still to be!</p> + <p>And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim,</p> + <p>And proved him joyful at such lofty fame;</p> + <p>For theirs it was by more than blood allied,</p> + <p>Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died!</p> + <p>Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth—</p> + <p>They are not dead who suffer for the Truth!</p> + <p>The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart</p> + <p>In grateful duty ever plays its part,</p> + <p>Embalms their memory to all future time,</p> + <p>And thus, in love, still punishes the crime;</p> + <p>Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust,</p> + <p>The murder'd dead have retribution just!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> +<!-- Page 620 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page620"></a>{620}</span> + <p class="i1hg3">"Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong?</p> + <p>We hate the actors, and have hated long.</p> + <p>And where are they, the victims? Always here;</p> + <p>We feel their glory, and we hold it dear!</p> + <p>Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours,</p> + <p>And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours;</p> + <p>Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified!</p> + <p>Far o'er the earth—the Christianised—where'er</p> + <p>The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer,</p> + <p>The winds of heaven their memories tender waft,</p> + <p>Commix'd with all the sorceries of the <i>craft</i>.</p> + <p>The little leather artizan—the boy</p> + <p>To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy,</p> + <p>A thing to smile and look at, ere the day</p> + <p>Severer task will make it one of <i>pay</i></p> + <p>(A constant duty and a livelihood),—</p> + <p>He, the young Crispin, emulous and good,</p> + <p>Is told of the Prince Martyrs—sometimes Royal!</p> + <p>(The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal,</p> + <p>It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still,</p> + <p>Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.)</p> + <p>Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain,</p> + <p>The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain,</p> + <p>And farther still, across the Western Main.</p> + <p>There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true,</p> + <p>With things, as often is, of weight undue;</p> + <p>Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most,</p> + <p>To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast,</p> + <p>Now, as is wont, and ever to be given,</p> + <p>Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven!</p> + <p><span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>—they, the two,</p> + <p>Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one + current among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an + account in an old book called <i>The History of the Gentle Craft</i> (the + production, no doubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of + the tradition as received now by the British shoemaker. In the <i>Golden + Legende</i>, one of the earliest of our printed books, and in Alban + Butler's <i>Lives of the Saints</i>, as compiled from the Roman + Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of some pieces of ancient + tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers' chapel in the Cathedral of + Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one of the galleries of the + Louvre, is the like version as the one here given. The authority, too, of + the Church Calendar of England, even as it still remains after the + loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration that <span + class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>, + brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian faith, and through that + chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a redoubted general and + the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some all-potent emperor. + In the Delony version—itself, in every probability, a borrowing + from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,—these things are + put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince <span + class="sc">Crispin</span> is assumed to have a wife or sister, one can + hardly tell which, in the person of a princess, the Princess <span + class="sc">Crispianus</span>, and who figures as the patron of the + women's branch of the shoemakers' art; <span class="sc">Crispin</span> + himself presiding over the coarser labour for the rougher sex. This + artifice, if not purely historical, is at least very excusable, because + so natural, seeing that the duplex principle has such an extensive range; + that even the feet themselves come into the world in pairs, and so shoes + must be produced after the same fashion—paired, as the shoemakers + have done by their adored <span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span + class="sc">Crispianus</span>.</p> + + <p>It has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a + long time now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present + paragraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something, + which might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various + curious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and + therefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of + "N. & Q." helping his inquiries either through the medium of future + Numbers, or as might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. + Clements, bookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Davies Devlin.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Barrels Regiment.</i>—I suppose that to this regiment a song + refers which has for its burden,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And ten times a day whip the barrels,</p> + <p>And ten times a day whip the barrels,</p> + <p class="i12">Brave boys."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can + find this song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It + was probably written about the year 1747.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H.</p> + + <p><i>Okey the Regicide.</i>—I should be much obliged for any + information relative to the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the + regicide, executed April 19, 1662, O.S.</p> + + <p class="author">E. P. H.</p> + + <p class="address">Clapham.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Mason's Third Husband</i>.—Secretary Davison, in a + letter dated London, 23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, + requests this lady "to join with his honour her husband" in standing + sponsor with Sir Christopher Hatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, + born a few days before. Sir John Mason, second husband to Lady Mason, + died in 1566. Who then was "this honour," her third?</p> + + <p class="author">G. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Creation of Knights.</i>—When were the following knights + made?—Sir William Fleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, + Sir Edward <!-- Page 621 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page621"></a>{621}</span>de Carteret, Sir William + Armourer:—the first by Charles I.; the four following by Charles + II.</p> + + <p class="author">G. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Martyn the Regicide.</i>—Was Martyn the regicide married or + not? If married, is it known whether he had children? and if any of his + children settled in Ireland, and became possessed of property in that + country?</p> + + <p class="author">E. A. G.</p> + + <p><i>History of the Nonjurors.</i>—What are the best authorities + for the history of the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, + Lathbury, Hickes's <i>Life of Kettlewell</i>, &c. are well known. + Whence came their adopted motto: "Cætera quis nescit?" Any reader who + would communicate any information on these points to C. R. would confer a + favour.</p> + + <p class="author">C. R.</p> + + <p><i>Florin and the Royal Arms.</i>—What is the authority for + placing the national arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be + borne <i>quarterly</i> in ratification of the respective unions, and to + be borne under one imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely + cannot with any heraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was + remarked in the reign of the Georges, for by the separation of the coats + the arms of the German Dominions of George I. obtained the second place, + viz. the dexter side, with France on the sinister, and Ireland at the + bottom or fourth place.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mat o' the Mint.</span></p> + + <p><i>A Mistletoe Query.</i>—Why has mistletoe the privilege of + allowing the fair sex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that + a berry is plucked off at the time? And also, when was this first + allowed?<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Aston</span> (late of Trin. Col.)</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>This Query has been incidentally noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., + pp. 13. 208.—<span class="sc">Ed</span>.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Sewell Family</i> (Vol. viii., p. 521.).—Your correspondent + D. N. states, that "nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. + Sewell, who died in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath + Sewell, Cornet in 32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon + Guards." Had he referred to Lodge's <i>Peerage</i>, he would have found + that the Honorable Harriet Beresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. + Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop of Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married + Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry Bermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and + died June 11, 1834, having had three children, viz.:</p> + + <p>1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, + <i>circa</i> 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and + subsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal, + Aug. 1, 1836.</p> + + <p>2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in + October, 1828; and died in 1836.</p> + + <p>3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or + 1850.</p> + + <p>Will D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late + unfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke, + whom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death + occurred?</p> + + <p class="author">G. L. S.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has + kindly forwarded the following reply:</p> + + <p>"My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a + perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such + notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more + competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well supplied + the <i>cætera desunt</i>, where my information terminated with the + appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish) + Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is + inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the 32nd + Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is always + considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those Christian names + as correct.</p> + + <p>"There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a + brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons?</p> + + <p>"Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find, + in <i>The Globe</i> of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at + Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady + Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the + Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's <i>Surrey</i>, + vol. iii. p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in + his fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the + son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's <i>Sussex</i>, 4to., + 1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most + probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above + Twyford Lodge.</p> + + <p>"I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S. + respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually + searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev. + H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one + that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some years + since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that he had + died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the <i>Annual + Register</i>, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (<i>Chronicle</i>), p. 218., which + states that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty + information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a + work entitled <i>The Georgian Æra</i>, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he + will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short <i>military</i> memoir of + Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly written, + and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result of his + military operations. There is one slight error in the account of <i>The + Georgian Æra</i>, viz. in the date of the <!-- Page 622 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page622"></a>{622}</span><i>first</i> + appointment of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears + in the <i>London Gazette</i>, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs + thus: '14th Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign <i>vice</i> + Day."—I trust some reader of "N. & Q." will furnish us with the + dates of the birth and death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying + when they took place, as desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of + deficient particulars in his history. + D. N."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Greek Epigram.</i>—In the <i>Bath Chronicle</i> of the 10th + of November last, I find the following advertisement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled + persons, at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very + grateful to any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for + the use of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case, + charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house of + God."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Surely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake + not, a Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred + years ago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, + refer me to the epigram?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. E. Frere.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded + memory of our correspondent:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3"><span title="'PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISIDÔROU." class="grk">"ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ, οἱ δε ΙΣΙΔΩΡΟΥ.</span></p> + <p><span title="Pêros ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de" class="grk">Πηρὸς ὁ μέν γυίοις, ὁ δ' ἄρ' ὄμμασιν· ἀμφότεροι δὲ</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Eis hautous to tuchês endees êranisan," class="grk">Εἰς αὑτοὺς τὸ τύχης ἐνδεὲς ἠράνισαν,</span></p> + <p><span title="Tuphlos gar lipoguion epômadion baros airôn," class="grk">Τυφλὸς γὰρ λιπόγυιον ἐπωμάδιον βάρος αἴρων,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Tais keinou phônais atrapon ôrthobatei," class="grk">Ταῖς κείνου φωναῖς ἀτραπὸν ὠρθοβατεῖ,</span></p> + <p><span title="Panta de taut' edidaxe pikrê pantolmos anankê," class="grk">Πάντα δὲ ταῦτ' ἐδίδαξε πικρὴ πάντολμος ἀνάγκη,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Allêlois merisai toullipes eis eleon.'" class="grk">Ἀλλήλοις μερίσαι τούλλιπὲς εἰς ἔλεον."</span></p> + <p class="i3"><i>Anthologia, in usum Scholæ Westmonast.</i>:</p> + <p class="i5">Oxon. 1724, p. 58.]</p> + </div> + </div> + +</div> + + <p><i>Translations from Æschylus.</i>—Whose translation of the + tragedies of Æschylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions + from the same? I ought to state that there is merely a line or two under + each plate, to explain the subject of each composition, and that my copy + is the unreduced size.</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p class="address">Kingston-on-Thames.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of + Æschylus, 4to., 1777.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Prince Memnon's Sister.</i>—Who was Prince Memnon's sister, + alluded to by Milton in <i>Il Penseroso</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Dunster has the following note on this line:—"Prince Memnon's + sister; that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of + Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles. (See + Virg. <i>Æn.</i> <span class="scac">I.</span> 489., '<i>Nigri</i> + Memnonis arma.') It does not, however, appear that Memnon had any sister. + Tithonus, according to Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and + Emathion, <i>Theog.</i> 984. This lady is a creation of the poet."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>"Oh! for a blast," &c.</i>—Who was the author of the + couplet—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh! for a blast of that dread horn,</p> + <p>On Fontarabian echoes borne?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. J. Dunkin.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O for the voice of that wild horn,</p> + <p>On Fontarabia's echoes borne,</p> + <p class="i3">The dying hero's call,"—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the + horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his + waste-book in search of <i>Reports outward and inward</i>—Corn + Debentures, &c. See <i>Rob Roy</i>, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Robin Hood's Festival.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + refer me to a good account of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so + popular with our ancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come + to hear him preach on that day?</p> + + <p>In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in + the first volume of the <i>Archæologia</i>, there is an entry in 1566 of + the sum of 18<i>d.</i> paid for "setting up Robin Hood's Bower."</p> + + <p class="author">R. W. B.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding + days of May is given in <i>Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient + Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw</i>; [by + Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp. + xcvii—cx. Consult also <i>A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode</i>, by John + Matthew Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60—64.; and George Soane's <i>New + Curiosities of Literature</i>, vol. i. pp. 231—236.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Church in Suffolk.</i>—In restoring a church in Suffolk, + apparently of the date of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls + were found full of Norman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. + Will you kindly give me a list of the works where I may be likely to find + an account of this original church? Davy and Jermyn's <i>Suffolk</i>, in + the British Museum, says nothing about it. The two Norman doors are + universally admired, and the church is now Norman still throughout. In + the reconstruction of about 1100, the two doors do not seem to have been + in any way restored or meddled with.</p> + + <p class="author">G. L.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church + either in Suckling's <i>Antiquities of Suffolk</i>, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's + <i>History of Suffolk</i> (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's + Collections for a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. + MSS. 8168—8196.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 623 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page623"></a>{623}</span></p> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>CHILDREN CALLED IMPS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 443.)</p> + + <p>"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron + of Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto + Ambrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince + John, late Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John + Grey, Vicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse + of Shrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of + Warr: Sir Richard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, + but of farr greater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto + everlasting life in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th + of July, in the yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the + happy raine of the most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, + and in this place layd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of + the generall resurrection."—<i>Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, + Warwick.</i></p> + + <p class="author">H. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Warwick.</p> + + <p>An inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of + the same period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by <span class="sc">Mr. + Brooks</span>), contains also the word <i>imp</i>. The tomb at Besford is + a most singular one, consisting of two large folding doors fixed against + the wall, their panels and the interior being painted over with figures + and inscriptions. From the latter, which are of some length, the + following extracts will be sufficient to illustrate the subject:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"An <i>impe</i> entombed heere doth lie."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"... elder ... from Christ to straie,</p> + <p>When such an <i>impe</i> foreshewes the waie."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The old poetical word <i>sugared</i>, "Noe sugred word," occurs in the + inscription.</p> + + <p>The "impe" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged + 15 years, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), + was also erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells + appear to have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two + following lines are a part of one of the inscriptions:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made,</p> + <p>Knowne to descende of gentle race."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Nash, in his <i>History of Worcestershire</i>, makes mention of this + singular monument, but is anything but correct in giving its + inscriptions.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B. A.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">T. W. D. Brooks</span> will find this word used by + some modern authors to denote a child. In <i>Moral and Sacred Poetry</i>, + selected and arranged by the Rev. T. Willcocks and the Rev. T. Horton + (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at p. 254. a piece by Baillie, + addressed "To a Child," the first line of which runs thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whose <i>imp</i> art thou, with dimpled cheek?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a + gipsy are called <i>imps</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. N. Keys</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Plymouth.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE DIVINING ROD.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.)</p> + + <p>The inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a + friend on the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your + readers as an answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your + excellent work. You may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts + stated.</p> + + <p class="author">J. A. H.</p> + + <p>"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to + knavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of + witnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit + to the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, + may have abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very + strikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South + of the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining + rod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who + possess it in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of + the rod, when passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and + they who have it are quite unconscious of their capability until they are + made aware of it by experiment.</p> + + <p>"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the + shoots of the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the + extremities, with the angle projecting before him. When he came over the + spot beneath which the water flowed, the rod, which had before been + perfectly still, writhed about with considerable force, so that the + holder could not keep it in its former position; and he appealed to the + bystanders to notice that he had made no motion to produce this effect, + and used every effort to prevent it. The operation was several times + repeated with the same result, and each time under the close inspection + of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous, observers. Forks of any kind + of green wood served equally well, but those of dead wood had no effect. + The experimentor had discovered water, in several instances, in the same + parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware of his capability till he was + requested by his landlord to try. The operator had the reputation of a + perfectly honest man, whose word might be safely <!-- Page 624 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page624"></a>{624}</span>trusted, and who was + incapable of attempting to deceive any one—as indeed appeared by + his open and ingenuous manner and conversation on this occasion. He was a + farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So general is the conviction + of the efficacy of the divining rod in discovering both water and the + ores of calamine or zinc all over the Mendip, that the people are quite + astonished when any doubt is expressed about it. The late Dr. Hutton + wrote against the pretension, as one of many instances of deception + founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a lady of quality, who + herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and gave him experimental + proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water was discoverable by + that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly acknowledged.</p> + + <p>"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could, + however, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many + years ago to our friend ——, of what I have now only briefly + stated. That letter was treated by certain scientific friends of his with + contempt; but when I afterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go + down to Somerset to see it himself; but alas! he did not live to carry + his intention into effect."</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, +ETC.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.)</p> + + <p>Very hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> ingenious suggestion of a change of + meaning in the proverb "Tread on a worm and it will turn." I support my + dissent, however, by the following lines from Shakspeare:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting?</p> + <p>Not he that sets his foot upon her back.</p> + <p>The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on;</p> + <p>And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood."</p> + <p class="i2">Third Part of <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>King Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God!</p> + + <p>Clifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, + and doves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is + clear that Shakspeare uses the word <i>worm</i> as meaning, not a + venomous serpent, but the most defenceless of reptiles.</p> + + <p>Again, I do not think that <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> + quotation from Schiller's <i>Wallenstein's Tod</i> supports his view. I + am not a German scholar, but I find that the translator of + <i>Wallenstein's Tod</i> (I believe Lord Ellesmere) has translated or + paraphrased the lines quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> as + follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But nature gave the very worm a sting,</p> + <p>When trampled on by man, to turn again."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that "wurm" + should be understood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous + serpent.</p> + + <p>It seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the + lines in question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I + consider them as parallel passages.</p> + + <p>It may not be irrelevant to observe that <i>worm</i> in some places + still means a serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as + "hag-worm" in Westmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in + the latter "slow-worm" means a species of small snake or viper found on + some of the moors. (For "slow-worm," see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., pp. + 33. and 479.) I have been told that "blind-worm" in Surrey means a viper. + I conclude with a Query, Does <i>Wurm</i> in modern German ever mean a + serpent?</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J.</p> + + <p>"To put a spoke in one's wheel," is not singular in its <i>double + entendre</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). "There is no love lost + between them" is in a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being + lost between A. and B., when we would intimate that the warmth of their + mutual affection may be accurately represented by 32° Fahrenheit. That + this has not always been the meaning of the phrase, the following verse + from the old ballad of <i>The Children in the Wood</i> will testify:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Sore sick he was, and like to die,</p> + <p class="i1">No help that he could have;</p> + <p>His wife by him as sick did lie,</p> + <p class="i1">And both possess'd one grave.</p> + <p><i>No love between these two was lost</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">Each was to other kind;</p> + <p>In love they lived, in love they died,</p> + <p class="i1">And left two babes behind."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Price.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Ives.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SNEEZING.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 366.)</p> + + <p>A collection of "facts, theories, and popular ideas" upon this subject + would fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may + interest your correspondent <span class="sc">Medicus</span>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun."</p> + <p class="i1">Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's</p> + <p class="i2"><i>Common Place Book</i>, 3rd series, p. 303.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Here, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen.</p> + + <p>Ammianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never + heard it sneeze, and therefore never said <span title="Zeu sôson" class="grk" + >Ζεῦ σῶσον</span>, God + bless.—<i>Notes on the Variorum Plautus</i> (ed. Gronov., Lugd. + Bat.), p. 720. <!-- Page 625 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page625"></a>{625}</span></p> + + <p>Athenæus, says Potter in his <i>Archæologia Græca</i>, proves that the + head was esteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and + adore as holy the sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us + in express terms that sneezing was accounted a deity: "<span title="Ton Ptarmon theon hêgoumetha" class="grk" + >Τὸν Πταρμὸν + θεὸν + ἡγούμεθα</span>"—<i>Archæol. + Græc.</i> (5th ed.), p. 338.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut</p> + <p>Sternuisse a coitu abortivum."</p> + <p class="i1">Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius,</p> + <p class="i2"><i>Noct. Att.</i> <span class="scac">III</span>. xvi. 24.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Erasmus, in his <i>Colloquies</i>, bids one say to him who sneezes, + "Sit faustum ac felix," or "Servet te Deus," or "Sit salutiferum" or + "Bene vertat Deus."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Quare homines sternutant?</p> + + <p>"Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et + cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat + frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum."—<i>Aristotelis + Problemata</i>: Amstelodami, anno 1690.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of + sneezing, arose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the + sneezer?</p> + + <p>When Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three + beautiful captives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt + clear and bright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon + Euphrantides the soothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable + victory which was afterwards obtained by him, &c.</p> + + <p>There is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in + Homer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son + Telemachus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren" class="grk" + >Οὐχ ὁράας ὅ + μοι υἱὸς + ἐπέπταρεν</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Sneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the + alteration of circumstances—"<span title="Tôn ptarmôn hoi men eisin ôphelimoi, hoi de blaberoi" class="grk" + >Τῶν πταρμῶν + οἱ μὲν εἰσὶν + ὠφέλιμοι, οἱ + δὲ + βλαβεροί</span>," "Some + sneezes are profitable, others prejudicial"—according to the + scholiast upon the following passage of Theocritus, wherein he makes the + sneezing of the Cupids to have been an unfortunate omen to a certain + lover:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Simichida men erôtes epeptaron." class="grk" + >Σιμιχίδα μὲν + ἔρωτες + ἐπέπταρον.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it + was fortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate.</p> + + <p>If a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if + another happened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the + right hand, fortunate.</p> + + <p>If, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it + was a lucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, + the omen was neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and + dehorted them from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were + deliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze + together, it was a prosperous omen.—<i>Archæol. Græc.</i> (5th + ed.), pp. 339, 340.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p>The custom your correspondent <span class="sc">Medicus</span> alludes + to, of wishing a person "good health," after sneezing, is also very + common in Russia. The phrases the Russians use on these occasions + are—"To your good health!" or "How do you do?"</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. A.</p> + + <p class="address">Old Broad Street.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.)</p> + + <p>To the list of these literary <i>auto da fé's</i> we may well add the + burning of Bishop Burnet's famous <i>Pastoral Letter</i>, which was + censured by the House of Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the + common hangman. The offence contained in it was the ascribing the title + of William III. to the crown of England to a right of conquest. A + recollection of this gives additional point to the irony of Atterbury in + attacking Wake:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends, + 'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any + ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from him.'... + His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no more by our + constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than he would if + he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his subjects; not + in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure is only that the + laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came over on purpose to + rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to maintain; and contemns + therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as would measure the extent + of his supremacy from the Conqueror's claim."—Atterbury's + <i>Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation</i>, pp. + 158—160.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Atterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently + administer one, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he + winces:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present + constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to + be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to + suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely," + &c.—The Bishop of Sarum's <i>Reflections on the Rights, Powers, + &c.</i>. p. 4.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p>The following, may come under the list wanted by <span + class="sc">Balliolensis</span>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high + court of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for + declaring England a <!-- Page 626 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page626"></a>{626}</span>Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by + the hands of the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this + occasion."—From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p. + 762.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On a copy of <i>La Défense de la Réformation, &c</i>., par I. + Claude, à La Haye, 1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as + a striking passage, but cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This + book was condemned by the Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the + editor of an old edition of it very appositely observes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and + are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church + of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper. The + truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched by + the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the + footstool of the God of Truth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">G. N.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>JEWS IN CHINA.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 515.)</p> + + <p>The only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the + Spomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they + acknowledge as sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other + books held sacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not + written in the same ancient alphabetic character as those of the + Samaritan Pentateuch. The ten tribes were then taken captive <span + class="scac">B.C</span>. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24—41.). The inference + is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi inclusive, had + not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after that date. + The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are + descended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the + Pentateuch <i>alone</i> as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the + ancient Hebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee + one, as in our printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung + Foo, in Honan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, + constituting the text of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation + <i>subsequent</i> to the closing of the Jewish canon; the quotations from + the books following those of Moses being constantly in use therein. III. + On Gozani mentioning Jesus the Messiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a + knowledge of Jesus the son of Sirach. As, however, the book of the + last-named writer is unknown in Hebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that + language, may have mistaken him for Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with + which book the Chinese Jew was acquainted.<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> In either case, <i>more</i> books + than the Pentateuch were undoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; + therefore the connexion with the ten tribes (house of Israel), as + distinct from the house of Judah (the Jews properly so called), cannot be + inferred. The authorities for the Samaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, + Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer, Schnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern + Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh, Basnage, Büsching; Fathers Ricci, + Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the <i>Lettres édifiantes et + curieuses</i>, vol. xviii.; and the <i>Chinese Repository</i>, vol. i. + pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175.</p> + + <p>Circumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the + south and east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish + descent, unless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. + Besides the physiological characteristics of the native Australians + preclude us from deducing their natural descent from either the + <i>Jews</i> or the ten tribes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T.J. Buckton</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son of Sadta, + which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,—the Chinese + pronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for + instance, the letters <i>b</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>th</i>, naming them + respectively <i>p</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>z</i>.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.)</p> + + <p>I made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in + one of Mr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to <i>The Illustrated London News</i> + (Dec. 27, 1851). I here transcribe it to add to <span class="sc">Mr. + Warde's</span> collection:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in + front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,<a + name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> near Stilton, + Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic Folkesworth + folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the Stilton + vernacular) 'quite the cheese:'</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1">[A rude figure of a Fox.]</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX</p> + <p>YOU . SEE . THER . HIS</p> + <p>NO . HARME . ATCHED</p> + <p>TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS.</p> + <p>WISH . TO . PLACE . ME</p> + <p>HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO</p> + <p>HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this + inscription, and conjectures its meaning to be as follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'I am a cunning fox, you see;</p> + <p>There is no harm attach'd to me;</p> + <p>It is my master's wish to place me here,</p> + <p>To let you know he sells good beer.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross Barracks, + that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide + <i>Lavengro</i>.)</p> + +</div> +<p><!-- Page 627 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page627"></a>{627}</span></p> + + <p>Bradford:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who lives here? who do you think?</p> + <p>Major Lister: give him a drink.</p> + <p>Give him a drink—for why?</p> + <p>Because, when he's sweeping,</p> + <p class="i1">He's always dry."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Thompson doth live here,</p> + <p>He sweeps your chimney not too dear.</p> + <p>And if your chimney should get on fire,</p> + <p>He puts it out at your desire.</p> + <p>Sweep that chimney clean,</p> + <p>And then come down and drink."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by + sweeps.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Call here, my boy, if you are dry.</p> + <p>The fault's in you, and not in I.</p> + <p>If Robin Hood from home is gone,</p> + <p>Step in and drink with Little John."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The name of the public-house is "The Robin Hood."</p> + + <p>Over another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief + sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Tobacco given away to-morrow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Willison.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bradford, Yorkshire.</p> + + <p>A sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a + rabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six + miles from the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some + considerable time since. It ran thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Roberts lives here,</p> + <p>Sells brandy and beer,</p> + <p>Your spirits to cheer;</p> + <p>And should you want meat,</p> + <p>To make up the treat,</p> + <p>There be rabbits to eat."</p> + <p class="i2">(A verbatim copy.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of + Dartmoor could once boast of like following quaint invitations.</p> + + <p>The side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, + underneath a rude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the + following rude couplet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Before the wild moor you venture to pass,</p> + <p>Pray step within and take a glass."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured + daub representing a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly + band of jolly fellows, read thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over,</p> + <p>Do stop a while, your spirits to recover."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Over the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or + High Street, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid + disinterested piece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by + the spread of a gigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the + house:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Keep within compass,</p> + <p class="i1">And then you'll be sure,</p> + <p>To avoid many troubles,</p> + <p class="i1">That others endure."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished + that the jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of + resort, would profit by its wise counsel.</p> + + <p class="author">H. H. H.</p> + + <p>There is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in + Essex, a sign-board in front of the "Queen Victoria" (only a beer-house + by the way), with these lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"The Queen some day,</p> + <p class="i1">May pass this way,</p> + <p>And see our Tom and Jerry;</p> + <p class="i1">Perhaps she'll stop,</p> + <p class="i1">And stand a drop,</p> + <p>To make her subjects merry."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the other side are some different lines, which I forget.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span></p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>1. At Overseal, Leicestershire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Robin Hood is</p> + <p>Dead and gone:</p> + <p>Pray call, and drink</p> + <p>With Little John."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>2. The sign of "The Bee Hive," in Birmingham and other places:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Within this Hive, we're all alive,</p> + <p class="i1">Good liquor makes us funny:</p> + <p>If you are dry, step in and try,</p> + <p class="i1">The flavour of our honey."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>3. The sign of "The Gate" (of frequent occurrence):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The Gate hangs well,</p> + <p class="i1">And hinders none;</p> + <p>Refresh and pay,</p> + <p class="i1">And travel on."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Nantwich.</p> + + <p>In King Street, Norwich, at the sign of "The Waterman," kept by a man + who is a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Roam not from pole to pole,</p> + <p class="i1">But step in here;</p> + <p>Where nought exceeds the shaving,</p> + <p class="i1">But the beer."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J. L. S.</p> + + <p>There used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and + Borobridge (Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following + inscription; <!-- Page 628 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page628"></a>{628}</span>whether or not it is still in existence I + cannot say:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby,</p> + <p>Pray stop and drink before you go by."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">C. I. R.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE CURFEW.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>(Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp. + 53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the + annual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one + hour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a + thank-offering to God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a + person from destruction. This person had lost his way on his return from + Bridgenorth Fair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of + falling from a great height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused + him to retrace his steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell + is also rung at Kidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung + for many years past by "Blind William," who, notwithstanding his total + blindness, finds his way along the streets that lead from his house to + the church, and gains the belfry with the greatest ease. So well is he + acquainted with the path to church, that he may be seen to turn the + corners of the streets in as decided a manner as if his wide-open eyes + were endowed with sight; and, with similar facility, he unlocks the gates + and church doors. It is curious to see him on the dark winter evenings, + apparently guiding his steps by the light of a lanthorn, which he + probably carries in order to prevent careless people, who are blessed + with sight, from running against him. Like most (if not all) blind + people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will quickly reproduce + on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At this present + festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of its component + parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to the harmony + of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he promenades + the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all the + music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be + considered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for + he warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary + "waits" have taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when + Christmas Day is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for + the Christmas-box which is to be the reward of his "early + minstrelsy."</p> + + <p>The curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire.</p> + + <p>At Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at + nine o'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the + University of Durham as "Tom" is to the students of the University of + Oxford, viz. it marks the closing of the college gates.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> + + <p><i>Photographic Engraving.</i>—I inclose a copy of a little book + for your inspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the + illustrations are produced by photography. The general theory of the + method is this: a piece of glass is covered with a uniform thin coating + of some substance, so as to be opaque or semi-opaque (the substance + should be light coloured), and a design is etched on it with a needle. + From this <i>negative</i> positive pictures are printed + photographically.</p> + + <p>As to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) + are from a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, + exposed to faint light for a short time and developed. In this method, + the glass should be heated; and the collodion <i>burnished</i> with the + hand, to make it adhere well.<a name="footnotetag5" + href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> The owl (p. 22.) and the stork + (p. 10.) are from a glass coated with iodized collodion "rendered + sensitive" only, and not developed so as to be only semi-opaque. On this + high lights were put with opaque white, and darks were etched out. This + has the effect of a tinted lithograph, but requires much more care in + printing than the former method, in order to hit the right tint; so much + so, that I have usually printed the stork faintly so as not to show the + "tint" at all. The frontispiece is from a paper negative, a method much + more troublesome and tedious than either of the others, both in + preparation of the negative and in printing.</p> + + <p>I have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, + were it not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I + prepared a negative by painting whites with water colour on transparent + glass with moderate success.</p> + + <p>I have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative + on smoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I + have tried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier + than any species of engraving.</p> + + <p>Query, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the + cost of printing on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, + &c.; in which must be included the cost of the skilled workman which + will be saved by this method?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hugh Blackburn.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[When we add that the work referred to is an edition of <i>The History + of Little Downey</i>, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and + printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number of + copies may be had on application to Messrs. <!-- Page 629 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page629"></a>{629}</span>Constable and Co. of + Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged School, + we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure copies, and + help to forward the good work which its publication is intended to + promote.]</p> + +</div> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p>This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who indeed + prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Collodion Negatives.</i>—Allow me to communicate a sure and + simple way of darkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to + me by a friend of mine; and not having seen it in your "N. & Q.," I + have undertaken to lay it before your readers, hoping that it may be + found useful to many beginners.</p> + + <p>After having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate + of iron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep + it on one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three + parts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a + nitrate of silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix + together, and pour on the plate. The picture will gradually begin to + blacken; and after half an hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient + density for printing a positive on paper.</p> + + <p>Every one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. + Of all the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not + excepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate + of ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. + Just try it, and you will be glad with the result.</p> + + <p class="author">F. M. (a Maltese.)</p> + + <p class="address">Malta, Valetta.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p>"<i>London Labour and the London Poor</i>" (Vol. viii., p. + 527.).—I beg to inform <span class="sc">Mr. Gantillon</span> that + the above work is discontinued. The parts entitled "Those that will work" + and "Those that cannot work" have been completed, and form a valuable + book; but the discontinuance of the third part is no loss at all, for in + commencing upon "Those that will not work," Mr. Mayhew began with a + history of prostitution in ancient and modern times, a subject which did + not possess the novelty or originality of his other divisions, and + consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was forced first to + raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue altogether, the + publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to treating the London + prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would have been + completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopædia of London + Labour and the London Poor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arthur C. Wilson.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Brompton.</p> + + <p><i>Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 407.).—Your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Weld Taylor</span> + seems to possess the first rude draught of the following beautiful piece + by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin Call," a duet sung by Miss A. + Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. + Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, Mrs. Aveling Smith + and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza Birch, Miss Turner + and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet,</p> + <p>Come to the dingles where fairies meet;</p> + <p>Know that the lilies have spread their bells</p> + <p>O'er all the pools in our forest dells;</p> + <p>Come away, under arching bows we'll float,</p> + <p>Making each urn a fairy boat;</p> + <p>We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free,</p> + <p>And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be.</p> + <p>And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low,</p> + <p>It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow;</p> + <p>As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh,</p> + <p>Or water-drops train'd into melody,</p> + <p>And a star from the depth of each pearly cup,</p> + <p>A golden star into heav'n looks up,</p> + <p>As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie,</p> + <p>Set in the blue of the summer sky."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> + + <p><i>Sir Arthur Aston</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).—Though + unable to inform <span class="sc">Chartham</span> and <span class="sc">A + Reader</span> in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier resided + during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can state the + connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston families: I + believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related."</p> + + <p>Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary + Fitzalan, had Philip (<i>jure matris</i>), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 + attainted, and was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This + last was father of Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of + Greystock Castle, who married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of + George Tattersall, of West Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. + Wilts.</p> + + <p>Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke + of Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of + Worksop) of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of + Forfar, in Scotland.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + + <p>I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the <i>Gentleman's + Magazine</i> in 1833 or 1834.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p> + + <p><i>Grammar in relation to Logic</i> (Vol. viii., p. 514).—<span + class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> evidently has but a superficial view of + this doctrine, which is not only Dr. Latham's, but one, I apprehend, + pretty well known to every Oxford undergraduate, viz. that, logically, + <i>conjunctions connect propositions, not words</i>. By way of proving + the falsity of it (which he says is demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham + "resolve this sentence: <i>All men are either two-legged, one-legged, or + no-legged</i>:" and adds, "It cannot be done." I may inform him that the + three categorical propositions, "A man is two-legged, or he is <!-- Page + 630 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page630"></a>{630}</span>one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected + by their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the + disjunctive proposition which he instances.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> quotes Boole's <i>Mathematical (?) + Analysis of Logic</i> in support of his opinion; but, from the following + specimen of that work, it does not appear to be much of an authority. The + author says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, + cannot be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal + is irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to + hypotheticals."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the + proposition in question can be resolved into—An animal is rational + or it is irrational. Again, "the former does <i>not</i> belong to pure + categoricals," it is simply disjunctive. <span class="sc">Mr. + Ingleby</span> falls into the same error, and moreover seems not to be + aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the same time + hypothetical.</p> + + <p>Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, + strictly, connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect + words, may be true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and + loose mode of stating the matter.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">——Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Descendants of Milton</i> (Vol. viii., p. 339.).—I have in + the course of my life met with or heard of more than once or twice, + people of the same names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no + way related to each other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your + correspondent J. F. M. that about twenty years ago there was living the + skipper of a coasting vessel, trading between Bridport and London, named + Caleb Clark. He or his family are probably living at Bridport now.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Alpha" class="grk">Αλφα</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Pronunciation of Bible Names</i> (Vol. viii., p. 469.).—The + clerk of a retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first + lesson always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and + as the names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, + after getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid + gentlemen" afterwards.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Collyns.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Harlow.</p> + + <p><i>Henry I.'s Tomb</i> (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—I fancy that the + much mooted question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the + remains of King Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by + referring to Tanner's <i>Notitia Monastica</i>, edit. 1744, in the second + column of p. 15.: where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King + Henry I. had once existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and + that, in the time of King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required + to repair both the tomb and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was + there buried, within the space of one year, as the condition on which the + charters were to be confirmed:</p> + + <p>"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 + Ric. II. p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, + modo Abbas infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem <i>R. + Henrici</i> Fundatoris, ibidem humati."</p> + + <p class="author">I. T. A.</p> + + <p><i>Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed</i> (Vol. viii., p. 292.): <i>Chandler, + Bishop of Durham</i> (Vol. viii, p. 331.).—I may perhaps "kill two + birds with one stone," by reminding <span class="sc">Messrs. Gatty</span> + and <span class="sc">Newburn</span> that the Bishops of Durham were + formerly <i>Princes of the Palatinate</i>. It was probably in that + capacity that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and + Bishop Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, + I believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Hazel.</span></p> + + <p><i>Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI.</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 469.).—The return of 12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's + <i>Worthies</i>, under each county.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p> + + <p>I read in Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end + of the reign of King Henry VIII."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Does this list exist in any of our record offices?</p> + + <p>And has it ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Peter Allan</i> (Vol. viii., p. 539.).—Your correspondent + E. C. will find much interesting information respecting this person in an + account of him reprinted from the <i>Sunderland and Durham County + Herald</i>, and published (1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the + title of <i>Marsden Rock, or the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine + Grotto</i>. He, his wife, eight children, and aged father and mother, are + there described as being in a very flourishing condition: and (if I + remember rightly) I saw them all, when I last visited the rock in + 1850.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Burial in an Erect Posture</i> (Vol. viii., p. 5.).—The + following passage, which I quote from Hearne's <i>Collection of + Antiquarian Discourses</i>, vol. i. p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable + to <span class="sc">Cheverells</span>, as showing (on traditional + authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in the case of + captains in the army:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that + when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used to + take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet <i>uprighte</i>, and put his + <!-- Page 631 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page631"></a>{631}</span>launce or pike into his hand; and then his + fellowe souldyers did by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and + laye aboute him as should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his + pike."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners + and customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of + burial. In one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright + posture, perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and + another, one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a + kind of sentry-box.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Clifton.</p> + + <p><i>The Word "Mob"</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).—Roger + North, speaking of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a + more visible administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship + (Shaftsbury) and the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the + immediate tools," says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called + <i>the mob</i>, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of + burthen, and called first <i>mobile vulgus</i>, but fell naturally into + the contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper + English."—<i>Examen</i>, part <span class="scac">III.</span> ch. + vii. p. 89.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Gardiner.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gen. Sir C. Napier</i> (Vol. viii., p. 490.).—I may state, + for the instruction of officers who think study needless in their + profession, that, having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier + for some time before he had the command in the midland district of + England, I constantly found him engaged in inquiries connected with his + profession. He was always in training. Not long before this time he had + returned from Caen, in Normandy, and he told me that when there he had + surveyed the ground on which William the Conqueror had acquired military + fame before he made his descent on England, and his conclusion was that + that Conqueror was remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of + war. He expressed his intention to write on this subject; but great + events soon afterwards called him to India, which became the scene of his + own mastery in military and civil command.</p> + + <p class="author">T. F.</p> + + <p><i>To Come</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—In the Lower Saxon + dialect, to come is <i>camen</i>, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, + <i>quam</i>. It would therefore seem that the English <i>came</i> is not + an innovation, but a partial restoration or preservation of a very + ancient form. (See Adelung's <i>Wörterbuch</i>.)</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. H.</p> + + <p><i>Passage in Sophocles</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).—The + Italics were introduced to draw attention to the <i>new</i> version which + was adventured, "N. & Q." being an excellent medium for such + suggestions.</p> + + <p>Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and + the old scholiast having furnished this saying,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hotan d' ho daimôn andri porsunêi kaka" class="grk">Ὅταν δ' ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ</span></p> + <p><span title="Ton noun eblapse prôton hôi bouleuetai" class="grk">Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον ᾧ βουλεύεται</span>,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted + to suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it + appeared that—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span title="hôi bouleuetai prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas" class="grk">ᾧ βουλεύεται = πράσσει δ' ὀλιγοστὸν χρόνον ἐκτὸς ἄτας</span>;</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he + lives for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I + submit, from the adoption of Brunck's reading <span title="prassein" class="grk" + >πράσσειν</span>, instead of + reading, as I venture to do, with Hermann, <span title="theos agei ... prassei d'" class="grk" + >θεὸς ἄγει ... + πράσσει δ'</span>, taking + <span title="theos" class="grk">θεὸς</span> + as the nominative of both verbs.</p> + + <p>Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders + <span title="oligoston" class="grk" + >ὀλιγοστον</span> + "<i>very</i> brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast to + the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from + <span title="prassô" class="grk" + >πράσσω</span>, to act, through <span + title="pragma" class="grk">πράγμα</span>, + business, and <span title="praxis" class="grk" + >πρᾶξις</span>, practice, and is therefore + the most appropriate English word, although the word "does" will furnish + Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I shall, however, be most happy to + submit to correction by any classical scholar.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + + <p><i>Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 485.).—I must beg of you to contradict the loose statement of <span + class="sc">Jarltzberg</span> at p. 486. of this Volume, "as to the object + of the Church of England in <i>separating from</i> Rome." Now, the Church + of England did never <i>separate herself</i> from <i>any</i> Christian + Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England is to be + found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered + to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge the Pope's + supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually conformed to + the worship of the Church of England for the first <i>twelve years</i> of + Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented from doing + so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which excommunicated + that sovereign.</p> + + <p>So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Collis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Judges styled Reverend</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. + 351.).—Sir Anthony Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet + in <i>A Letter to a Convocation Man</i> I find him so styled:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + <i>Abridgment</i>, that the Archbishop of Canterbury <!-- Page 632 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page632"></a>{632}</span>was prohibited + to hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, + and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for a + law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite + him."—<i>L. C. M.</i>, p. 38.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's + <i>Abridgment of Cases</i>, or Speed's <i>History of Great Britain</i>, + but I am not able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s + convocations allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that + Fitzherbert must be a misprint, and that we should read in the above + passage "Fitz-Peter," and that the following is the circumstance, in King + John's reign, which is referred to by the author of the + <i>Letter</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National + Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey + Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of + England."—Collier's <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, vol. i. folio, + p. 410.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the + passage.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Veneration for the Oak</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—Since my + Query upon this matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon + <i>Nineveh and Babylon</i>, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green + felspar, which he believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and + upon which is engraved a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a + sacred tree, whose flowers are in this instance in the shape of an + <i>acorn</i>. Whence did the Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree + bearing acorns? Did they derive this notion, as they did their tin, from + Celtic Britain? I believe they did.</p> + + <p class="author">G. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Stansted, Montfichet.</p> + + <p><i>Rapping no Novelty</i> (Vol. viii., p. 512.).—De Foe, in his + veracious <i>History of Mr. Duncan Campbell</i> (2nd ed., p. 107.), + quotes a story of sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. + Baxter's <i>History of Apparitions</i>, prefacing it thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ + himself in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a + man who got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are + ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, + that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to call + in question."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding + many pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to + think what kind of spirit this is."</p> + + <p class="author">R. I. R.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</p> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. H. More's Philosophical Works.</span> Lond. 1662. + Folio.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hircher's Musurgia Universalis.</span> Romæ, 1650. 2 + Toms. in 1. Folio.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>J. G.</i>, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, Dublin.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Ormerod's Cheshire.</span> Parts II. and X. Small + Paper.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hemmingway's Chester.</span> Parts I. and III. Large + Paper.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>T. Hughes</i>, 13. Paradise Row, Chester.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Aaron Hill's Plain Dealer.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Edinburgh Miscellany.</span> Edinb. 1720.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici.</span> 3 Tom. Folio. + Romæ, 1728-37.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Bible</span> in Shorthand, according to the + method of Mr. James Weston, whose Shorthand Prayer Book was published in + the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, + 1687, would be given in exchange.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, De Latrociniis, quæ in Scriptores Publicos + solent committere hæretici.</span> 4to. Vitemb. 1674.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, Acta Reformationis.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Schramm, Dissert. de Librorum Prohibitorum + Indicibus.</span> 4to. Helmst. 1708.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jamesii Specimen Corruptelarum Pontific.</span> 4to. + Lond. 1626.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Macedo, Diatribe de Cardinalis Bonæ + Erronibus.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. Richard Gibbings</i>, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">A Merry Christmas to you all, Gentle Readers!</span> + <i>We trust that, in presenting you this week with the curious collection + of</i> <span class="sc">Folk Lore</span> <i>articles which is now before + you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">A Merry Christmas to you all, kind Friends and + Correspondents!</span> <i>and</i> <span class="sc">Thanks to you for your + valuable Co-operation.</span> <i>May your Christmas logs burn brightly on + your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at this "so + hallowed and so gracious time!"</i></p> + + <p><i>Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as + circumstances will admit by including within its pages, as far as + practicable, all Answers to the Queries which have been propounded in it, + we have this week omitted our usual</i> <span class="sc">Notes on + Books</span>, &c. <i>for the purpose of making room for the + numerous</i> <span class="sc">Replies</span> <i>which we have in + type.</i></p> + + <p>E. C. H. <i>Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are + many difficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of + being enabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, + which we think will be time enough.</i></p> + + <p>W. E. (Pimperne). <i>Your note has been forwarded.</i></p> + + <p>G. C.<i>'s Reply to</i> <span class="sc">Serviens</span> <i>will + appear next week; his Query in the new Volume.</i></p> + + <p>J. D. L. (Bristol). <i>The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were + found nailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth.</i></p> + + <p>E. H. D. D.<i>'s wishes shall be attended to in our next.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Photographer.</span> <i>Your complaint of the + shortness of the notice of the proposed Exhibition is one we have heard + from several quarters. Many will consequently be prevented sending in + pictures for exhibition by the impossibility of printing them during the + present unfavourable weather.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Index to Volume the Eighth.</span>—<i>This is + in a very forward state, and will, we trust, be ready for delivery + with</i> <span class="sc">No. 221.</span> <i>on the 21st of + January.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—Vol. viii., p. 590., for "not in the New + Testament" read "or of the New Testament;" and for "read this with an + accent on the antepenultima" read "read this with an accent on the + penultima."</p> + + <p><span class="sc">"Notes and Queries"</span> <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 633 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page633"></a>{633}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; +or 30<i>s.</i> bound,</p> + + <p>PARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. 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KEITH JOHNSTON'S NEW DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, + Physical, Statistical, and Historical; forming a complete GENERAL + GAZETTEER of the WORLD.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & +LONGMANS.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, in 8vo., price to the Trade, +3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, + AND MARRIAGES, IN ENGLAND.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>London: Published for H. M. Stationery Office by MESSRS. LONGMAN, + BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS;</p> + + <p>Of whom the previous REPORTS (from the FIRST to the ELEVENTH + inclusive) may still be had.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Lately published, in 3 vols. 8vo., price 28<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND: A History of the English Commonwealth till the + Period of the Norman Conquest. By JOHN M. KEMBLE, M.A. F.C.P.S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, +& LONGMANS.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, in post 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LECTURES ON THE TRUE, THE BEAUTIFUL, AND THE GOOD. By M. VICTOR + COUSIN. Translated, with the Author's approbation, from the new and + greatly improved French edition, by O. W. WIGHT, Translator of Cousin's + "Course of the History of Modern Philosophy."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Edinburgh: T. & J. CLARK.<br /> +London: HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE SACRED GARLAND, or +THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">"Pluck a Flower."</p> + + <p>A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be + published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any + respectable bookseller in town or country.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">MILNER & SOWERBY. HALIFAX.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF +THE QUEENS.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>NOTICE.—With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be + published, beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN + PORTRAITS, including that of the Author, price 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + elegantly bound. The FIRST VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF +ENGLAND. By AGNES STRICKLAND.</p> + + <p>This NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN, + engraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late + Improvements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY + VOLUMES POST OCTAVO; containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only + 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per volume, handsomely bound; and those who may + desire to obtain Copies on the Day of Publication, are requested to send + their Orders immediately to their respective Booksellers.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, + 13. Great Marlborough Street, London; and to be had of all + Booksellers.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL of +POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, +AND ARTS.</p> + + <p>The Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL, will close with No. + 523. on December 31, and the First Number of a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">NEW PERIODICAL,</p> + + <p>with the above title, will be issued on Saturday, 7th January, 1854. + Resembling the existing Work in its external form, the new one will + exhibit such fresh features as will afford, it is hoped, a pledge of the + wishes of MESSRS. CHAMBERS to adapt their efforts to the improving tastes + of the age. In particular there will be presented a higher class of + Fiction, commencing with a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">TALE OF MODERN LIFE,</p> + + <p>by MR. LEITCH RITCHIE, which will be continued in weekly chapters till + completed; also a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE LIBRARY +AND STUDIO,</p> + + <p>in addition to a Monthly Record, still more carefully drawn up than + formerly, of the</p> + +<p class="cenhead">PROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND THE +USEFUL ARTS.</p> + + <p>Among expected contributions of importance, may be mentioned a series + of Articles on</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THINGS AS THEY ARE IN AMERICA,</p> + + <p>by MR. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, who is at present travelling in the United + States and Canada, for the purpose of personal inquiry observation.</p> + + <p>It will be the constant study of the Editors to maintain in the New + Work all those general features which for Twenty-two Years have given + their Journal its extensive popularity—a cheerful Light Literature, + comprehensive Information, sound Ethics, and enlightened views of a + Progressive Social Economy, without the admixture of controversial matter + of any kind.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Issued in Weekly Numbers, at 1½<i>d.</i></p> + <p>———— Monthly Parts. at 7<i>d.</i> and 8½<i>d.</i></p> + <p>———— Half-yearly Volumes. at 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL will form complete + work, in Twenty Handsome Volumes, well adapted for Popular as well as + Private Libraries, for Emigrants, and for Presents; price 3<i>l.</i> + 7<i>s.</i> in sheets, or 4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> bound in cloth. Price of + each volume separately, in cloth, 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Published by W.& R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Passage, Fleet Street, + London. and 339. High Street. Edinburgh; J. M‘GLASHAN, Dublin; H. + CAMPBELL, Glasgow; and all Booksellers.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, 3 vols. +10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE HEIR OF REDCLYFFE. By the Author of "Henrietta's Wish," "The Kings + of England," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. +West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">NEW AND COMPLETE EDITION OF +MR. BURKE'S WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">In 8 vols. 8vo., price 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE +OF THE RIGHT HON. +EDMUND BURKE.</p> + + <p>This Edition contains.—1. MR. BURKE'S CORRESPONDENCE between the + year 1744 and his decease in 1797 (first Published from the original MSS. + in 1844, by Earl Fitswilliam and Sir Richard Bourke), containing numerous + Historical and Biographical Notes and original Letters from the leading + Statesmen of the period, and forming an Autobiography of this celebrated + Writer.—2. The WORKS of MR. BURKE, as edited by his Literary + Executor, the late Bishop of Rochester. (This Edition includes the whole + of the contents of the former Editions published in 20 vols., at the + price of 9<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, Waterloo PLACE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day is published price 4<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL AND CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY, comprising the Geography + of the Ancient World in so far as it is subservient to the understanding + of the Classics.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">With an Introduction, containing—</p> + + <p>1. A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, and Suggestions as to the + best mode of teaching Geography.—2. An OUTLINE of the GEOLOGICAL + HISTORY of the GLOBE.—3. A DIGEST of all that is known of the + PROPERTIES and RELATIONS of the HEAVENLY BODIES, arranged in a Tabular + Series. By PROFESSOR PILLANS, of the University of Edinburgh.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS. +Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, +&c. By A. P. HARRISON.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy, + &c., may be had of the Author and Designer. No. 30. Gilbert Street. + Grosvenor Square, at the prices set against the respective works. Copies + will be forwarded, Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the + amount.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the + Nobility. Price, in colours, 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned + in gold, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the + Knights Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1300. Price, in colours, 15<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + Emblazoned in gold, 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1377. Price, in colours. 4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their + Installation Plates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c. + Price, in colours, 15<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold, + 21<i>l.</i></p> + + <p>V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.</p> + + <p>VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms, + &c. Price, coloured, 21<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 1<i>l.</i> + 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of + Scots and of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + each. On vellum paper, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P. + HARRISON, Author of "Treatise on the Formation of the English + Constitution," &c. 8vo. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, +Grosvenor Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 634 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page634"></a>{634}</span></p> + +<h3>QUEENWOOD COLLEGE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Principal</i>—GEORGE EDMONDSON.</p> + + <p><i>Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.</i>—Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, + of the Universities of Marburg and Berlin.</p> + + <p><i>Chemistry.</i>—Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory + of Professor Bunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of + Marburg.</p> + + <p><i>Classics and History.</i>—Mr. John S. Mummery, L. C. P.</p> + + <p><i>Modern Languages and Foreign Literature.</i>—Mr. John Haas, + from M. de Fellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.</p> + + <p><i>Geodesy.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>Painting and Drawing.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>English, and Junior Mathematics.</i>—Mr. William + Singleton.</p> + + <p>DITTO.—Mr. Edwin Coombes.</p> + + <p><i>Music.</i>—Mr. William Cornwall.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">TERMS.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">For Boys </td><td class="qspcsingle">under 12 years </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">of age </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">40<i>l.</i> </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">per ann.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">from 12 to 16 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">50 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">above 16 "</td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">60 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>For further information see Prospectus, to be had of the + Principal.</p> + + <p>The First Session of 1854 commences on the 19th of January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—EXPERIMENTAL +CHEMISTRY.</p> + + <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets + and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, + 63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated + Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist. 29c. Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>WINTER EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.—An entirely New Collection of + Photographic Pictures, including Mr. Robertson's Views of Constantinople; + M. Martin's Magnificent Scenery among the Glaciers of Switzerland; and + Mr. Delamotte's Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham; is now open. + Admission 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br /> +166. New Bond Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.—Containing Colours, Pencils. + &c., with printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price + 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 Guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument +Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of +Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,<br /> +65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3><b>POPULAR SCIENCE.</b></h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2>NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR JOHNSTON.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2><b>THE CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE.</b></h2> + +<h3>By JAMES F. W. JOHNSTON, M.A. F.R.SS. L. & E., &c.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology," "A Catechism of Agricultural +Chemistry," &c.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>It is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present + Condition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the + subjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, + should he find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in + other Popular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his + Library.</p> + + <p>It will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order:</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Popular Science subjects." title="Popular Science subjects."> +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 1.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The AIR we Breathe.<br /> + The WATER we Drink.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 2.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SOIL we Cultivate.<br/> + The PLANT we Rear.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 3.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BREAD we Eat.<br /> + The BEEF we Cook.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 4.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BEVERAGES we Infuse.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 5.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SWEETS we Extract.<br /> + The LIQUORS we Ferment.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 6.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The NARCOTICS we Indulge in.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 7.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The ODOURS we Enjoy.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> </td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SMELLS we Dislike.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 8.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> What we BREATHE and BREATHE For. <br /> + What, How, and Why we Digest.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 9.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BODY we Cherish.<br /> + The CIRCULATION of MATTER, a Recapitulation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead">*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL +SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">President.</span>—His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.</p> + + <p>Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of + the Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for + Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> £ </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> <i>s.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Annual Subscription </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Composition for Life </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 5 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10<i>s.</i> will be + required, from which those Members who join the Society during the + present month will be exempt.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">GEORGE BISH WEBB,</p> + <p class="i6">Honorary Secretary.</p> + <p>46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES +OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.</p> + + <p>THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William + College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the + Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of + an Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important + Runic Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties + desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by + application as above.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE.</p> + + <p>REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. + connected with the Assyrian Language, and would also give <i>vivâ + voce</i> Instruction therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote + himself to this important Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and + present position, may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him + at the Rectory, Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, +price 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected + from the "Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21<i>s.</i>, +or coloured, 36<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES. Living and Fossil, containing + Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of + procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. + By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."—<i>Silliman's Journal.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; + Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, edited by the same, price 18<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, + Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of + this century.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE MOST COMFORTABLE CHRISTMAS PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN + QUILT. It is the warmest, the Highest and the most elegant Covering, + suitable for the Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its + comfort cannot be too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, + of which a large Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of + Prices of the above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free + by Post.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 635 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page635"></a>{635}</span></p> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>Solicitors' & General Life +Assurance Society,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p> + + <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p> + + <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p> + + <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p> + + <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p> + + <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are + divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the + sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p> + + <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest + on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p> + + <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of + fraud.</p> + + <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of + nearly <span class="sc">Two Per Cent.</span> per annum on the <i>amount + assured</i>, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. + on the <i>Premiums paid</i>.</p> + + <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been + paid.</p> + + <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p> + + <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurance may be + effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at + the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite + information can be obtained.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic + Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now + universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and + principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto + no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect + pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases + where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale + price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, + and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>—Each Bottle is Stamped with a + Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to + counterfeit which is felony.</p> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The + Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label + bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL + MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of + all respectable Chemists, in pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's + Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, + Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHY.</p> + + <p>A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>, containing an + Expanding Camera, with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a + Portable Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete.</p> + + <p>PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1<i>l.</i> + 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1<i>s.</i>, by post + free, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> A + large assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, + Calotype, or Albumen, at equally low prices.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.</p> + + <p>Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest + improvement and apparatus, complete from 3<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>, at</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>C. BAKER'S, Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High + Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's).</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br /> +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking + either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + + <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price + 1<i>s.</i>, per Post. 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VIEWS IN LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC +PICTURES.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL + INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all + Kinds, and in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive + Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on + PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of + London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness + of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are + unrivalled.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street, London.</p> + + <p>*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 636 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page636"></a>{636}</span></p> + +<h2>LITERARY GIFT BOOKS.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:—</p> + +<p class="cenhead">I.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. + 30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and + Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 + Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. + 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VI.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and + Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VII.</p> + + <p>CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. + 24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p> + + <p>CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and + Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">IX.</p> + + <p>BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">X.</p> + + <p>BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XI.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. + 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XII.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p> + + <p>LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XV.</p> + + <p>LOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVI.</p> + + <p>CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. Portraits. + 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVII.</p> + + <p>REJECTED ADDRESSES. With Portrait and Woodcuts. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVIII.</p> + + <p>ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S POEMS AND SONGS. With Woodcuts. 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIX.</p> + + <p>SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S CONSOLATIONS. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XX.</p> + + <p>SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S SALMONIA. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXI.</p> + + <p>HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXII.</p> + + <p>BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With 1000 Woodcuts, Initials, and Coloured + Borders. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIII.</p> + + <p>SOUTHEY'S BOOK OF THE CHURCH. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIV.</p> + + <p>WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. With 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. + 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXV.</p> + + <p>BRAY'S LIFE OF STOTHARD. Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVI.</p> + + <p>THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVII.</p> + + <p>JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVIII.</p> + + <p>ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIX.</p> + + <p>THE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXX.</p> + + <p>JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXXI.</p> + + <p>JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming + Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for + insertion by the 4th, of January.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF +GREECE.</p> + + <p>Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the + Literature, Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, + Editor of the "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street; and +WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower +Street and Ivy Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post +8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, + revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER + WILKINSON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, a New Edition, with an Index, +Fcap. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH AUTHORS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the + GREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. + By REV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON. M. A. Vicar of Beakesbourne.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF +HORACE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9<i>s.</i>, bound.</p> + + <p>LIFE OF HORACE. By the REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. PAUL'S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300 + Engravings of Coins, Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some + antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all their + fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that the + designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."—<i>Classical Museum.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS.</p> + + <p>Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 Woodcuts by HARVEY, + One Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea.</p> + + <p>THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, + ESQ., Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, December + 24. 1853.</p> + +<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30133 ***</div> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..30d2320 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #30133 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30133) diff --git a/old/30133-8.txt b/old/30133-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e89c8db --- /dev/null +++ b/old/30133-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3810 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: September 29, 2009 [EBook #30133] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 24, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{613} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 217.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I. 613 + + The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c. 614 + + Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas 615 + + County Rhymes 615 + + Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal) + and the Giant, by Frances Robert Davies 616 + + FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES:--Yorkshire Tradition--Custom on St. + Thomas's Day--Custom on Innocents' Day--Marriage Custom at + Knutsford, Cheshire--Folk Lore in Hampshire--Propitiating + the Fairies--Cornish Folk Lore--King Arthur in the Form of + a Raven--St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire--New + Year's Eve and New Year's Day 617 + + MINOR NOTES:--Carlist Calembourg--Jewish Custom--Lachlan + Macleane--German Tree--The late Duke 618 + + QUERIES:-- + + The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin 619 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Barrels Regiment--Okey the Regicide--Lady + Mason's Third Husband--Creation of Knights--Martyn the + Regicide--History of the Nonjurors--Florin and the Royal + Arms--A Mistletoe Query 620 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Sewell Family--Greek + Epigram--Translations from Æschylus--Prince Memnon's + Sister--"Oh! for a blast," &c.--Robin Hood's + Festival--Church in Suffolk 621 + + REPLIES:-- + + Children called Imps 623 + + The Divining Rod 623 + + Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c. 624 + + Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c. 624 + + Books burned by the common Hangman, by W. + Fraser, &c. 625 + + Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton 626 + + Poetical Tavern Signs 626 + + The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 628 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Engraving--Collodion + Negatives 628 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"London Labour and the London + Poor"--Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric--Sir Arthur + Aston--Grammar in relation to Logic--Descendants of + Milton--Pronunciation of Bible Names--Henry I.'s + Tomb--Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed--Return of Gentry, temp. + Henry VI.--Peter Allan--Burial in an erect Posture--The + Word "Mob"--Gen. Sir C. Napier--To Come--Passage in + Sophocles--Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century--Judges + styled Reverend--Veneration for the Oak--Rapping no Novelty 629 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 632 + + Notices to Correspondents 632 + + Advertisements 633 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +FOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I. + +In turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I +stumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well from +their antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a place +in your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of our +ancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the reign +of James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the following: + + "The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading + to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the + Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that + seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of + Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio. + London, 1624." + +This, however, is described as being "the fifth impression;" the Preface is +dated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that the usages +and rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of your readers, +were current in the north-west districts of England more than two hundred +and fifty years since. + +White is insisting upon "the prodigious ignorance" which he found among his +parishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he proceeds thus +to tell his own tale: + + "I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them, + concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart + trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how + to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that + hear them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously, + they refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they + speak that which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have + observed from the common people." + + THE CREED. + + "Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum + qui sum sops, virgini Mariæ, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers, + morti {614} by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un judicarum, finis a + mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, remissurum, + peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam again." + + THE LITTLE CREED. + "Little Creed, can I need, + Kneele before our Ladies knee; + Candle light, candles burne, + Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne, + That we might all to heaven come. + Little Creed, Amen." + + "This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:' + + "White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother, + What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves. + What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes. + Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates: + And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother. + White Pater-noster, Amen." + + "Another Prayer: + + "I blesse me with God and the rood, + With his sweet flesh and precious blood; + With his crosse and his creed, + With his length and his breed, + From my toe to my crowne, + And all my body up and downe, + From my back to my brest, + My five wits be my rest; + God let never ill come at ill, + But through Jesus owne will, + Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen." + + "Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather it + for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and + then they blesse it thus: + + "Hallowed be thou, Vervein, + As thou growest on the ground, + For in the Mount of Calvary, + There thou wast first found. + Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ, + And staunchedst his bleeding wound; + In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, + I take thee from the ground." + +These passages may be seen in the "Preface to the Reader," § 13., no page, +but on the reverse of Sig. A 4. + +It might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting remnants +of early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous +correspondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to +this inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the volume +in which they occur is one which would seem, _primâ facie_, least likely to +afford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting bulky folios of +which the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with so many specimens. +Here we might fairly expect to discover abundant illustrations of patristic +and scholastic theology, of learning and pedantry, of earnest devotion, and +ill-temper no less earnest; but nothing whereby to illustrate the manners +or customs, the traditions, or the popular usages or superstitions, of the +common people. This may be a hint for us, however, to direct our attention +to a class of literature which hitherto has scarcely received the attention +to which it would appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my +conviction, that if those who are interested in the illustration of our +popular antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English +theology, the result would be more important than might at first be +anticipated. + +L. B. + + * * * * * + +THE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC. + +The fact mentioned by your correspondent C. CLIFTON BARRY, at p. 357., as +to the affinity of Midland songs and ballads to those of Scotland, I have +often observed, and among the striking instances of it which could be +adduced, the following may be named, as well known in Northamptonshire: + + "It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland; + It rains both great and small; + And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland + Must needs go and play at ball. + + "They tossed the ball so high, so high, + And yet it came down so low; + They tossed it over the old Jew's gates, + And broke the old Jew's window. + + "The old Jew's daughter she came out; + Was clothed all in green; + 'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh, + And fetch your ball again.' + + "'I dare not come, I dare not come, + Unless my schoolfellows come all; + And I shall be flogged when I get home, + For losing of my ball.' + + "She 'ticed him with an apple so red, + And likewise with a fig: + She laid him on the dresser board, + And stickéd him like a pig. + + "The thickest of blood did first come out, + The second came out so thin; + The third that came was his dear heart's blood, + Where all his life lay in." + +I write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I think +is printed, with variations, in Percy's _Reliques_. It is also worthy of +remark, that there is a resemblance also between the words which occur as +provincialisms in the same district, and some of those which are used in +Scotland; e.g. _whemble_ or _whommel_ (sometimes not aspirated, and +pronounced _wemble_), to turn upside down, as a dish. This word is Scotch, +although they do not pronounce the b any more than in _Campbell_, which +sounds very much like _Camel_. + +B. H. C. + + * * * * * + +{615} + +PENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS. + +This anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and western +states as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, where, +owing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, Christmas is +not much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages connected with it +are of German origin, and derived from the early settlers of the Teutonic +race, whose descendants are now a very numerous portion of the population. +The Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is planted in a flower-pot filled +with earth, and its branches are covered with presents, chiefly of +confectionary, for the younger members of the family. + +When bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their +stockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by a +fabulous personage called _Krishkinkle_, who is believed to descend the +chimney with them for all the children who have been good during the +previous year. The word _Krishkinkle_ is a corruption of _Christ-kindlein_, +literally _Christ-infant_, and is understood to be derived from the fact +that a representation of the Infant Saviour in the manger formed part of +the decorations prepared for the children at Christmas. + +If the children have not been good during the year previous, instead of +finding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas +morning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been +placed there by _Pelsnichol_, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to the +dress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make _Pelsnichol_ +identical with _Krishkinkle_, but the more general opinion is that they are +two personages, one the rewarder of the good, the other the punisher of the +bad. + +The functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed to +Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled by +the Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, LL.D., of +New York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on Christmas Eve, and +is equally applicable to our Krishkinkle: + + "_A Visit from St. Nicholas._ + 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house + Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse; + The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, + In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. + The children were nestled all snug in their beds, + While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads; + And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap + Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap, + When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, + I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. + Away to the window I flew like a flash, + Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash; + The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow + Gave the lustre of day to the objects below; + When what to my wondering eyes should appear + But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer, + With a little old driver so lively and quick, + I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick. + More rapid than eagles his coursers they came, + And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name, + 'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now, Vixen! + On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen! + To the top of the stoop[1], to the top of the wall! + Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!' + As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly, + When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky, + So up to the house-top the coursers they flew, + With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too; + And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof + The prancing and pawing of each little hoof. + As I drew in my head and was turning around, + Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound. + He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot, + And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot. + A bundle of toys he had flung on his back; + And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack. + His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry! + His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry; + His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow, + And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow; + The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth, + And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath. + He had a broad face and a little round belly, + That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly. + He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf, + And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself. + A wink of his eye and a twist of his head + Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread. + He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, + And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk; + And laying his finger aside of his nose, + And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose. + He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle, + And away they all flew like the down of a thistle: + But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight, + 'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'" + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +[Footnote 1: Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.] + + * * * * * + +COUNTY RHYMES. + + KENT. + + "He that will not live long, + Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong." + + "Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea, + Rumney and Rye, the five ports be." + + CHESHIRE. + + "Chester of Castria took the name, + As if that Castria were the same." + + {616} + LINCOLNSHIRE--_Stamford_. + + "Doctrinæ studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum, + Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi." + + "Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray, + Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day." + + WILTSHIRE--_Salisbury Cathedral_. + + "As many days as in one year there be, + So many windows in this church you see. + As many marble pillars here appear, + As there are hours through the fleeting year. + As many gates as moons one here does view + Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true." + + _Chippenham_--On a Stone. + + "Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift, + For where I stand is Chippenham clift." + + SURREY--_Market House, Farnham_. + + "You who do like me, give money to end me, + You who dislike me, give as much to mend me." + + _Woking_--_Sutton_. + + "Beastly 'Oking--pretty Sutton, + Filthy foxglove--bach'lors button." + + "'Oking was--Guildford is--Godalming shall be." + + SOMERSETSHIRE. + + "Stanton Drew, + A mile from Pensford--another from Chew." + + PEMBROKESHIRE. + + "Once to Rome thy steps incline, + But visit twice St. David's shrine." + + "When Percelty weareth a hat, + All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that." + +J. EBFF. + +Bolt Court. + + * * * * * + +LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) AND THE GIANT. + +Once upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's fame, +determined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now Fuenvicouil +was informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also that on the +present occasion matters would not turn out much to his advantage if they +fought: so as he did not feel the least bit "blue-mowlded for the want of a +batin'," like Neal Malone, he was at a loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife, +saw his distress, and soon contrived to find out the cause of it; and +having done so, she assured him that if he would leave things to her +management, and strictly obey her directions, she would make the giant +return home faster than he came. Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no +time was to be lost, Oonagh commenced her preparations. She first baked two +or three large cakes of bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron +plate used in Ireland and Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest. +She then put several gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and +carefully collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then +proceeded to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his +head, tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but +to carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were +only just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the house, +demanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said she could +not tell _any more than the child in the cradle_, where her husband then +was; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till Fuenvicouil came +in. She then placed bread and whey before him till some better refreshments +could be got ready, taking care to give him the cake with the griddle in +it, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or three gallons. The +giant was a little surprised at the _quantity_ of the lunch set before him, +and proceeded to break a piece off the cake but in vain; he then tried to +bite it, with as little success: and as to swallowing the ocean of whey set +before him, it was out of the question; so he said he was not hungry, and +would wait. He then asked Oonagh what was the favourite feat of strength +her husband prided himself upon. She could not indeed particularise any +one, but said that sometimes Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing +water out of that stone there, pointing to a rock lying near the door. The +giant immediately took it up; and squeezed it till the blood started from +his fingers, but made no impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his +discomfiture, and said a child could do that, handing at the same time the +lump of curds to "the baby." Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively +listening to all that was going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops +of whey fell from it. Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and +hugged her "dear baby;" and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had +prepared, began to coax the "child" to eat a little bit and get strong. The +giant amazed, asked, could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh +persuaded him to put his finger into the child's mouth, "just to feel his +teeth;" and as soon as Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he +bit it off. This was more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a +child in the cradle was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he +decamped before Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the +house, while Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till +he returned to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with +Fuenvicouil. + +FRANCES ROBERT DAVIES. + + * * * * * + +{617} + +FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES. + +_Yorkshire Tradition._--The following tradition of Osmotherly, in +Yorkshire, was related to me as being current in that county. Can you +inform me if it is authentic? + +Some years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who had +an only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they met a +party of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. After +being much importuned she assented to their request. To the mother's +astonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would be drowned. +In order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated mother purchased +some land and built a house on the summit of a high hill, where she lived +with her son a long time in peace and seclusion. Happening one fine +summer's day in the course of a perambulation to have fatigued themselves, +they sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell asleep. While enjoying +this repose, a spring rose up from the ground, which caused such an +inundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side they found a watery +grave. After this had occurred, the people residing in the neighbourhood +named it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been corrupted into +Osmotherly. + +R. W. CARTER. + +_Custom on St. Thomas's Day_ (_Dec. 21_).--At Harvington, in +Worcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for persons (chiefly +children) to go round the village begging for apples, and singing the +following rhymes: + + "Wissal, wassail through the town, + If you've got any apples, throw them down. + Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe, + If you've got no apples, money will do. + The jug is white, and the ale is brown, + This is the best house in the town." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Custom on Innocents' Day_ (_Dec. 28_).--At Norton (near Evesham) it is the +custom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal for the slaughter of the +Holy Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of joy for the deliverance of +the Infant Christ. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire._--A singular but pleasing custom +exists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On the occasion of a +wedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a relative invariably +spreads on the pavement, which is composed of pebbles, before her house, a +quantity of silver sand, there called "greet," in the form of wreaths of +flowers, and writes, with the same material, wishes for her happiness. +This, of course, is soon discovered by others, and immediately, especially +if the bride or bridegroom are favorites, appear before most of the houses +numerous flowers in sand. It is said that this custom arose from the only +church they had being without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a +wedding, they adopted it; and though now there are other churches and a +peal of bells, they still adhere to the above method of communicating +intelligence of such happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been +able to learn, and I should be much obliged for any information on the +point, there being no sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like +reason for its use. + +One circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the return +of the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, who, of +course, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry of "a +buttermilk wedding." + +RUSSELL GOLE. + +_Folk Lore in Hampshire._--In Hampshire the country people believe that a +healing power exists in the alms collected at the administration of the +sacrament, and many of them use the money as a charm to cure the diseases +of the body. A short time ago a woman came to a clergyman, and brought with +her half-a-crown, asking at the same time for five "sacrament sixpences" in +exchange. She said that one of her relations was ill, and that she wished +to use the money as a charm to drive away the disease. This superstition +may have arisen from the once prevalent custom of distributing the alms in +the church to those of the poor who were present at the sacrament. + +I have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same "gifts of healing" +to the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, will carry +it away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to be recorded +in "N. & Q.," perhaps you would like to "make a note of it." + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + +_Propitiating the Fairies._--Having some years since, on a Sunday +afternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in the +eastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on horseback, +headed by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as I approached +her, she stopped me, and producing a _cake_, presented it to me, and +insisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the Isle of Man, I +had the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate several pieces of +folk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that island. It had been +customary, within his recollection, for a woman, when carrying a child to +be christened, to take with her _a piece of bread and cheese_, to give to +the first person she met, for the purpose of _saving the child from +witchcraft or the fairies_. Another custom was that of the "Queeltah," or +salt put under the churn _to keep off bad people_. Stale water was thrown +on the plough "to keep it from the _little {618} folks_." A cross was tied +in the tail of a cow "to keep her from _bad bodies_." On May morning it was +deemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house for +fire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers growing +in a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep off the +fairies. And finally, the last cake was left "behind the turf-flag for the +little people." + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven._--In Jarvis's +translation of _Don Quixote_, book II. chap. v., the following passage +occurs: + + "'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and + histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King + Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom + there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of + Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was + turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign + again, and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot + be proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a + raven?'" + +My reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact that +the legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was still +repeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. My +father, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a few +years of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he was +walking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, he saw +a raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near immediately +rebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have shot at a +raven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that bird. My +father was much interested when I drew his attention to the passage which I +have quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh correspondents may +be able to say whether the legend is still known among the people of +Cornwall or Wales. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + +_St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire._--On the feast of St. +Clement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in the +villages to which they belong singing the following doggerel: + + "Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine! + A good red apple and a pint of wine, + Some of your mutton and some of your veal, + If it is good, pray give me a deal; + If it is not, pray give some salt. + Butler, butler, fill your bowl; + If thou fillst it of the best, + The Lord'll send your soul to rest; + If thou fillst it of the small, + Down goes butler, bowl and all. + Pray, good mistress, send to me + One for Peter, one for Paul, + One for Him who made us all, + Apple, pear, plum, or cherry, + Any good thing to make us merry; + A bouncing buck and a velvet chair, + Clement comes but once a year; + Off with the pot and on with the pan, + A good red apple and I'll begone." + +How the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be at +least three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's service. + +I shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish farther +illustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in Worcestershire, +St. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the patrons on these +occasions. + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_New Year's Eve and New Year's Day._--Another German custom prevalent in +Philadelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of the old year and +the arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As soon as the sun sets +the firing commences, and it is kept up all night with every description of +musket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called "firing out the old year" +and "firing in the new year." + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Carlist Calembourg._--The original of the French _jeu d'esprit_ in Vol. +viii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated in the _salons_ about +the middle of 1831: + + "La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri)." + +There was another also very popular: + + "In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans." + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_Jewish Custom._--In a recently published music-novel of some merit, called +_Charles Auchester_, occurs the following: + + "'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my + music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we + all are to Jehovah.' _'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say + Jehovah_; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'" + +There is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt to +pronounce the "four-lettered" Name, and in reading and speaking always use +instead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most part +the same habit. The writer of _Charles Auchester_ can only defend himself +by the example of the writer of {619} _Ivanhoe_, who has made the same +oversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making Isaac the Jew +wish his daughter had been called Benoni, _i.e._ the _son_ of sorrow. The +vowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of Adonai, inserted by the +Massorites; but this is another subject. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lachlan Macleane._--This individual, whose claim to the authorship of +Junius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia ninety-five years ago, +and his name figures there in the accounts of the overseers of the poor, +under date of November 9, 1758: + + "By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid by + Laughlane McClain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his commissions + and writing bond were deducted) + + £24 : 5 : 0" + +This was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even in +that, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing the +bond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present +currency. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + +_German Tree._--The following extract concerning this accessory to +Christmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be interesting at the +present season. It is taken from the _Loseley Manuscripts_, edited by A. J. +Kempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note. + + "We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline, + making what he termed a _Christmas tree_ for a juvenile party at that + festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on a + board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, &c.; + and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by figures of + animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming Christmas trees + is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a remain of the + pageants constructed at that season in ancient days." + +Is this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of the +farm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country. + +ZEUS. + +_The late Duke._--The following curious coincidence, which lately appeared +in the _Meath Herald_, deserves transplanting to the literary museum of "N. +& Q.": + + "From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by + property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke + spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by + being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the + old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On + the news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean + Butler caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory; + and the large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest + in Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it + suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes. + Whether this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret + for the great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it + may appear to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by + Edmund Blood, 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine + bell commenced its career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to + sound at his death. The parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast, + and the old metal is to be seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin." + +J. YEOWELL. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +THE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS. + +_A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings of +Shoemakers._ + + "The CRISPIN trade! What better trade can be? + Ancient and famous, independent, free! + No other trade a brighter claim can find; + No other trade display more share of mind! + No other calling prouder names can boast,-- + In arms, in arts,--themselves a perfect host! + All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride; + To dare heroic, and in suffering tried! + But first and chief--and as such claims inspire-- + Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire? + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS! they who sought + Safety with us, and at the calling wrought: + Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast + Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the _last_! + Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread, + Make the _good fit_, and win their daily bread. + This was their strait and doing--this their doom; + They sought our shelter, and they found a home! + Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro, + Weary they came and hid them from the foe; + Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd, + Hunted from place to place, though still they held + Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw + The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe! + + "Such is the story--so behaved our trade; + And then the Church its zealous homage paid, + And made their death-day holy, as we see + Still in the Calendar, and still to be! + And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim, + And proved him joyful at such lofty fame; + For theirs it was by more than blood allied, + Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died! + Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth-- + They are not dead who suffer for the Truth! + The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart + In grateful duty ever plays its part, + Embalms their memory to all future time, + And thus, in love, still punishes the crime; + Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust, + The murder'd dead have retribution just! + + {620} + "Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong? + We hate the actors, and have hated long. + And where are they, the victims? Always here; + We feel their glory, and we hold it dear! + Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours, + And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours; + Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride, + 'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified! + Far o'er the earth--the Christianised--where'er + The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer, + The winds of heaven their memories tender waft, + Commix'd with all the sorceries of the _craft_. + The little leather artizan--the boy + To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy, + A thing to smile and look at, ere the day + Severer task will make it one of _pay_ + (A constant duty and a livelihood),-- + He, the young Crispin, emulous and good, + Is told of the Prince Martyrs--sometimes Royal! + (The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal, + It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still, + Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.) + Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain, + The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain, + And farther still, across the Western Main. + There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true, + With things, as often is, of weight undue; + Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most, + To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast, + Now, as is wont, and ever to be given, + Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven! + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS--they, the two, + Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!" + +The story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one +current among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an account +in an old book called _The History of the Gentle Craft_ (the production, no +doubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of the tradition as +received now by the British shoemaker. In the _Golden Legende_, one of the +earliest of our printed books, and in Alban Butler's _Lives of the Saints_, +as compiled from the Roman Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of +some pieces of ancient tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers' +chapel in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one +of the galleries of the Louvre, is the like version as the one here given. +The authority, too, of the Church Calendar of England, even as it still +remains after the loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration +that CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS, brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian +faith, and through that chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a +redoubted general and the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some +all-potent emperor. In the Delony version--itself, in every probability, a +borrowing from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,--these things +are put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince CRISPIN is +assumed to have a wife or sister, one can hardly tell which, in the person +of a princess, the Princess CRISPIANUS, and who figures as the patron of +the women's branch of the shoemakers' art; CRISPIN himself presiding over +the coarser labour for the rougher sex. This artifice, if not purely +historical, is at least very excusable, because so natural, seeing that the +duplex principle has such an extensive range; that even the feet themselves +come into the world in pairs, and so shoes must be produced after the same +fashion--paired, as the shoemakers have done by their adored CRISPIN and +CRISPIANUS. + +It has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a long +time now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present +paragraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something, +which might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various +curious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and +therefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of "N. +& Q." helping his inquiries either through the medium of future Numbers, or +as might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. Clements, +bookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street. + +J. DAVIES DEVLIN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Barrels Regiment._--I suppose that to this regiment a song refers which +has for its burden,-- + + "And ten times a day whip the barrels, + And ten times a day whip the barrels, + Brave boys." + +I shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can find +this song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It was +probably written about the year 1747. + +E. H. + +_Okey the Regicide._--I should be much obliged for any information relative +to the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the regicide, executed April 19, +1662, O.S. + +E. P. H. + +Clapham. + +_Lady Mason's Third Husband_.--Secretary Davison, in a letter dated London, +23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, requests this lady "to +join with his honour her husband" in standing sponsor with Sir Christopher +Hatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, born a few days before. Sir John +Mason, second husband to Lady Mason, died in 1566. Who then was "this +honour," her third? + +G. S. S. + +_Creation of Knights._--When were the following knights made?--Sir William +Fleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, Sir Edward {621} de +Carteret, Sir William Armourer:--the first by Charles I.; the four +following by Charles II. + +G. S. S. + +_Martyn the Regicide._--Was Martyn the regicide married or not? If married, +is it known whether he had children? and if any of his children settled in +Ireland, and became possessed of property in that country? + +E. A. G. + +_History of the Nonjurors._--What are the best authorities for the history +of the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, Lathbury, Hickes's _Life +of Kettlewell_, &c. are well known. Whence came their adopted motto: +"Cætera quis nescit?" Any reader who would communicate any information on +these points to C. R. would confer a favour. + +C. R. + +_Florin and the Royal Arms._--What is the authority for placing the +national arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be borne +_quarterly_ in ratification of the respective unions, and to be borne under +one imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely cannot with any +heraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was remarked in the reign +of the Georges, for by the separation of the coats the arms of the German +Dominions of George I. obtained the second place, viz. the dexter side, +with France on the sinister, and Ireland at the bottom or fourth place. + +MAT O' THE MINT. + +_A Mistletoe Query._--Why has mistletoe the privilege of allowing the fair +sex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that a berry is plucked +off at the time? And also, when was this first allowed?[2] + +J. W. ASTON (late of Trin. Col.) + +[Footnote 2: This Query has been incidentally noticed in "N. & Q.," +Vol. v., pp. 13. 208.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Sewell Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 521.).--Your correspondent D. N. states, +that "nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. Sewell, who +died in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath Sewell, Cornet in +32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon Guards." Had he referred to +Lodge's _Peerage_, he would have found that the Honorable Harriet +Beresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop +of Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry +Bermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and died June 11, 1834, having +had three children, viz.: + +1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, +_circa_ 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and +subsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal, +Aug. 1, 1836. + +2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in October, +1828; and died in 1836. + +3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or 1850. + +Will D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late +unfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke, +whom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death occurred? + +G. L. S. + + [We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has + kindly forwarded the following reply: + + "My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a + perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such + notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more + competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well + supplied the _cætera desunt_, where my information terminated with the + appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish) + Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is + inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the + 32nd Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is + always considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those + Christian names as correct. + + "There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a + brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons? + + "Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find, + in _The Globe_ of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at + Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady + Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the + Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's _Surrey_, vol. iii. + p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in his + fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the + son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's _Sussex_, 4to., + 1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most + probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above + Twyford Lodge. + + "I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S. + respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually + searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev. + H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one + that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some + years since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that + he had died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the _Annual + Register_, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (_Chronicle_), p. 218., which states + that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty + information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a + work entitled _The Georgian Æra_, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he + will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short _military_ memoir of + Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly + written, and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result + of his military operations. There is one slight error in the account of + _The Georgian Æra_, viz. in the date of the {622} _first_ appointment + of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears in the + _London Gazette_, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs thus: '14th + Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign _vice_ Day."--I trust some + reader of "N. & Q." will furnish us with the dates of the birth and + death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying when they took place, as + desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of deficient particulars in his + history. D. N."] + +_Greek Epigram._--In the _Bath Chronicle_ of the 10th of November last, I +find the following advertisement: + + "The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled persons, + at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very grateful to + any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for the use + of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case, + charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house + of God." + +Surely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake not, +a Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred years +ago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, refer me +to the epigram? + +GEO. E. FRERE. + + [Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded memory + of our correspondent: + + [Greek: PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISIDÔROU.] + [Greek: Pêros ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de] + [Greek: Eis hautous to tuchês endees êranisan,] + [Greek: Tuphlos gar lipoguion epômadion baros airôn,] + [Greek: Tais keinou phônais atrapon ôrthobatei,] + [Greek: Panta de taut' edidaxe pikrê pantolmos anankê,] + [Greek: Allêlois merisai toullipes eis eleon.] + _Anthologia, in usum Scholæ Westmonast._: + Oxon. 1724, p. 58.] + +_Translations from Æschylus._--Whose translation of the tragedies of +Æschylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions from the same? I +ought to state that there is merely a line or two under each plate, to +explain the subject of each composition, and that my copy is the unreduced +size. + +H. + +Kingston-on-Thames. + + [The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of + Æschylus, 4to., 1777.] + +_Prince Memnon's Sister._--Who was Prince Memnon's sister, alluded to by +Milton in _Il Penseroso_? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + + [Dunster has the following note on this line:--"Prince Memnon's sister; + that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of + Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles. + (See Virg. _Æn._ I. 489., '_Nigri_ Memnonis arma.') It does not, + however, appear that Memnon had any sister. Tithonus, according to + Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and Emathion, _Theog._ 984. + This lady is a creation of the poet."] + +_"Oh! for a blast," &c._--Who was the author of the couplet-- + + "Oh! for a blast of that dread horn, + On Fontarabian echoes borne?" + +A. J. DUNKIN. + + [The lines-- + + "O for the voice of that wild horn, + On Fontarabia's echoes borne, + The dying hero's call,"-- + + are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the + horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his + waste-book in search of _Reports outward and inward_--Corn Debentures, + &c. See _Rob Roy_, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.] + +_Robin Hood's Festival._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to a good +account of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so popular with our +ancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come to hear him preach +on that day? + +In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in the +first volume of the _Archæologia_, there is an entry in 1566 of the sum of +18d. paid for "setting up Robin Hood's Bower." + +R. W. B. + + [The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding + days of May is given in _Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient + Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw_; [by + Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp. + xcvii--cx. Consult also _A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode_, by John Matthew + Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60--64.; and George Soane's _New Curiosities of + Literature_, vol. i. pp. 231--236.] + +_Church in Suffolk._--In restoring a church in Suffolk, apparently of the +date of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls were found full of +Norman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. Will you kindly give me +a list of the works where I may be likely to find an account of this +original church? Davy and Jermyn's _Suffolk_, in the British Museum, says +nothing about it. The two Norman doors are universally admired, and the +church is now Norman still throughout. In the reconstruction of about 1100, +the two doors do not seem to have been in any way restored or meddled with. + +G. L. + + [Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church either + in Suckling's _Antiquities of Suffolk_, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's _History + of Suffolk_ (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's Collections for + a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. MSS. + 8168--8196.] + + * * * * * + + +{623} + +Replies. + +CHILDREN CALLED IMPS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 443.) + +"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron of +Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto +Ambrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince John, +late Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John Grey, +Vicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse of +Shrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of Warr: Sir +Richard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, but of farr +greater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto everlasting +life in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th of July, in +the yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the happy raine of +the most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, and in this place +layd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of the generall +resurrection."--_Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, Warwick._ + +H. B. + +Warwick. + +An inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of the +same period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by MR. BROOKS), contains also +the word _imp_. The tomb at Besford is a most singular one, consisting of +two large folding doors fixed against the wall, their panels and the +interior being painted over with figures and inscriptions. From the latter, +which are of some length, the following extracts will be sufficient to +illustrate the subject: + + "An _impe_ entombed heere doth lie." + + "... elder ... from Christ to straie, + When such an _impe_ foreshewes the waie." + +The old poetical word _sugared_, "Noe sugred word," occurs in the +inscription. + +The "impe" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged 15 +years, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), was +also erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells appear +to have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two following lines +are a part of one of the inscriptions: + + "Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made, + Knowne to descende of gentle race." + +Nash, in his _History of Worcestershire_, makes mention of this singular +monument, but is anything but correct in giving its inscriptions. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +T. W. D. BROOKS will find this word used by some modern authors to denote a +child. In _Moral and Sacred Poetry_, selected and arranged by the Rev. T. +Willcocks and the Rev. T. Horton (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at +p. 254. a piece by Baillie, addressed "To a Child," the first line of which +runs thus: + + "Whose _imp_ art thou, with dimpled cheek?" + +And in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a gipsy are +called _imps_. + +J. W. N. KEYS. + +Plymouth. + + * * * * * + +THE DIVINING ROD. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.) + +The inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a friend +on the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your readers as +an answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your excellent work. +You may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts stated. + +J. A. H. + +"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to +knavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of +witnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit to +the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, may +have abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very +strikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South +of the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining +rod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who possess +it in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of the rod, +when passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and they who have +it are quite unconscious of their capability until they are made aware of +it by experiment. + +"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the shoots +of the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the extremities, +with the angle projecting before him. When he came over the spot beneath +which the water flowed, the rod, which had before been perfectly still, +writhed about with considerable force, so that the holder could not keep it +in its former position; and he appealed to the bystanders to notice that he +had made no motion to produce this effect, and used every effort to prevent +it. The operation was several times repeated with the same result, and each +time under the close inspection of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous, +observers. Forks of any kind of green wood served equally well, but those +of dead wood had no effect. The experimentor had discovered water, in +several instances, in the same parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware +of his capability till he was requested by his landlord to try. The +operator had the reputation of a perfectly honest man, whose word might be +safely {624} trusted, and who was incapable of attempting to deceive any +one--as indeed appeared by his open and ingenuous manner and conversation +on this occasion. He was a farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So +general is the conviction of the efficacy of the divining rod in +discovering both water and the ores of calamine or zinc all over the +Mendip, that the people are quite astonished when any doubt is expressed +about it. The late Dr. Hutton wrote against the pretension, as one of many +instances of deception founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a +lady of quality, who herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and +gave him experimental proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water +was discoverable by that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly +acknowledged. + +"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could, +however, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many years +ago to our friend ----, of what I have now only briefly stated. That letter +was treated by certain scientific friends of his with contempt; but when I +afterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go down to Somerset to see +it himself; but alas! he did not live to carry his intention into effect." + + * * * * * + +CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, ETC. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.) + +Very hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +ingenious suggestion of a change of meaning in the proverb "Tread on a worm +and it will turn." I support my dissent, however, by the following lines +from Shakspeare: + + "Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting? + Not he that sets his foot upon her back. + The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on; + And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood." + Third Part of _King Henry VI._, Act II. Sc. 2. + +King Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God! + +Clifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, and +doves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is clear +that Shakspeare uses the word _worm_ as meaning, not a venomous serpent, +but the most defenceless of reptiles. + +Again, I do not think that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S quotation from Schiller's +_Wallenstein's Tod_ supports his view. I am not a German scholar, but I +find that the translator of _Wallenstein's Tod_ (I believe Lord Ellesmere) +has translated or paraphrased the lines quoted by MR. KEIGHTLEY as follows: + + "But nature gave the very worm a sting, + When trampled on by man, to turn again." + +The sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that "wurm" should be +understood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous serpent. + +It seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the lines +in question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I +consider them as parallel passages. + +It may not be irrelevant to observe that _worm_ in some places still means +a serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as "hag-worm" in +Westmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in the latter +"slow-worm" means a species of small snake or viper found on some of the +moors. (For "slow-worm," see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., pp. 33. and 479.) I +have been told that "blind-worm" in Surrey means a viper. I conclude with a +Query, Does _Wurm_ in modern German ever mean a serpent? + +F. W. J. + +"To put a spoke in one's wheel," is not singular in its _double entendre_ +(Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). "There is no love lost between them" is +in a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being lost between A. and +B., when we would intimate that the warmth of their mutual affection may be +accurately represented by 32° Fahrenheit. That this has not always been the +meaning of the phrase, the following verse from the old ballad of _The +Children in the Wood_ will testify: + + "Sore sick he was, and like to die, + No help that he could have; + His wife by him as sick did lie, + And both possess'd one grave. + _No love between these two was lost_, + Each was to other kind; + In love they lived, in love they died, + And left two babes behind." + +R. PRICE. + +St. Ives. + + * * * * * + +SNEEZING. + +(Vol. viii., p. 366.) + +A collection of "facts, theories, and popular ideas" upon this subject +would fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may +interest your correspondent MEDICUS: + + "Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil." + + "And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun." + Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's + _Common Place Book_, 3rd series, p. 303. + +Here, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen. + +Ammianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never heard +it sneeze, and therefore never said [Greek: Zeu sôson], God bless.--_Notes +on the Variorum Plautus_ (ed. Gronov., Lugd. Bat.), p. 720. {625} + +Athenæus, says Potter in his _Archæologia Græca_, proves that the head was +esteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and adore as holy +the sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us in express terms +that sneezing was accounted a deity: "[Greek: Ton Ptarmon theon +hêgoumetha]"--_Archæol. Græc._ (5th ed.), p. 338. + + "Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut + Sternuisse a coitu abortivum." + Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius, + _Noct. Att._ III. xvi. 24. + +Erasmus, in his _Colloquies_, bids one say to him who sneezes, "Sit faustum +ac felix," or "Servet te Deus," or "Sit salutiferum" or "Bene vertat Deus." + + "Quare homines sternutant? + + "Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et + cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat + frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum."--_Aristotelis Problemata_: + Amstelodami, anno 1690. + +Query whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of sneezing, +arose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the sneezer? + +When Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three beautiful +captives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt clear and +bright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon Euphrantides the +soothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable victory which was +afterwards obtained by him, &c. + +There is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in +Homer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son +Telemachus: + + "[Greek: Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren]" + +Sneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the +alteration of circumstances--"[Greek: Tôn ptarmôn hoi men eisin ôphelimoi, +hoi de blaberoi]," "Some sneezes are profitable, others +prejudicial"--according to the scholiast upon the following passage of +Theocritus, wherein he makes the sneezing of the Cupids to have been an +unfortunate omen to a certain lover: + + "[Greek: Simichida men erôtes epeptaron.]" + +If any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it was +fortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate. + +If a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if another +happened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the right +hand, fortunate. + +If, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it was a +lucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, the omen +was neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and dehorted +them from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were +deliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze +together, it was a prosperous omen.--_Archæol. Græc._ (5th ed.), pp. 339, +340. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +The custom your correspondent MEDICUS alludes to, of wishing a person "good +health," after sneezing, is also very common in Russia. The phrases the +Russians use on these occasions are--"To your good health!" or "How do you +do?" + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.) + +To the list of these literary _auto da fé's_ we may well add the burning of +Bishop Burnet's famous _Pastoral Letter_, which was censured by the House +of Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the common hangman. The +offence contained in it was the ascribing the title of William III. to the +crown of England to a right of conquest. A recollection of this gives +additional point to the irony of Atterbury in attacking Wake: + + "William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends, + 'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any + ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from + him.'... His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no + more by our constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than + he would if he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his + subjects; not in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure + is only that the laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came + over on purpose to rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to + maintain; and contemns therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as + would measure the extent of his supremacy from the Conqueror's + claim."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation_, + pp. 158--160. + +Atterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently administer +one, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he winces: + + "He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present + constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to + be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to + suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely," &c.--The + Bishop of Sarum's _Reflections on the Rights, Powers, &c._. p. 4. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +The following, may come under the list wanted by BALLIOLENSIS: + + "The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high court + of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for declaring + England a {626} Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by the hands of + the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this + occasion."--From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p. + 762. + +On a copy of _La Défense de la Réformation, &c_., par I. Claude, à La Haye, +1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as a striking passage, +but cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This book was condemned by +the Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the editor of an old edition +of it very appositely observes: + + "Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and + are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church + of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper. + The truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched + by the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the + footstool of the God of Truth." + +G. N. + + * * * * * + +JEWS IN CHINA. + +(Vol. viii., p. 515.) + +The only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the +Spomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they acknowledge +as sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other books held +sacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not written in the +same ancient alphabetic character as those of the Samaritan Pentateuch. The +ten tribes were then taken captive B.C. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24--41.). The +inference is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi +inclusive, had not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after +that date. The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are +descended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the +Pentateuch _alone_ as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the ancient +Hebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee one, as in +our printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung Foo, in +Honan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, constituting the +text of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation _subsequent_ to the closing +of the Jewish canon; the quotations from the books following those of Moses +being constantly in use therein. III. On Gozani mentioning Jesus the +Messiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a knowledge of Jesus the son of +Sirach. As, however, the book of the last-named writer is unknown in +Hebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that language, may have mistaken him +for Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with which book the Chinese Jew was +acquainted.[3] In either case, _more_ books than the Pentateuch were +undoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; therefore the connexion with +the ten tribes (house of Israel), as distinct from the house of Judah (the +Jews properly so called), cannot be inferred. The authorities for the +Samaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer, +Schnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh, +Basnage, Büsching; Fathers Ricci, Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the +_Lettres édifiantes et curieuses_, vol. xviii.; and the _Chinese +Repository_, vol. i. pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175. + +Circumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the south +and east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish descent, +unless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. Besides the +physiological characteristics of the native Australians preclude us from +deducing their natural descent from either the _Jews_ or the ten tribes. + +T.J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +[Footnote 3: The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son +of Sadta, which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,--the Chinese +pronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for +instance, the letters _b_, _r_, _th_, naming them respectively _p_, _l_, +_z_.] + + * * * * * + +POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.) + +I made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in one of +Mr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to _The Illustrated London News_ (Dec. 27, +1851). I here transcribe it to add to MR. WARDE'S collection: + + "The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in + front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,[4] near + Stilton, Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic + Folkesworth folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the + Stilton vernacular) 'quite the cheese:' + + [A rude figure of a Fox.] + + 'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX + YOU . SEE . THER . HIS + NO . HARME . ATCHED + TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS. + WISH . TO . PLACE . ME + HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO + HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.' + + "The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this inscription, + and conjectures its meaning to be as follows: + + 'I am a cunning fox, you see; + There is no harm attach'd to me; + It is my master's wish to place me here, + To let you know he sells good beer.'" + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +[Footnote 4: It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross +Barracks, that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide +_Lavengro_.)] + +{627} + +Bradford: + + "Who lives here? who do you think? + Major Lister: give him a drink. + Give him a drink--for why? + Because, when he's sweeping, + He's always dry." + + "John Thompson doth live here, + He sweeps your chimney not too dear. + And if your chimney should get on fire, + He puts it out at your desire. + Sweep that chimney clean, + And then come down and drink." + +The public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by sweeps. + + "Call here, my boy, if you are dry. + The fault's in you, and not in I. + If Robin Hood from home is gone, + Step in and drink with Little John." + +The name of the public-house is "The Robin Hood." + +Over another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief +sentence: + + "Tobacco given away to-morrow." + +CHARLES WILLISON. + +Bradford, Yorkshire. + +A sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a +rabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six miles +from the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some +considerable time since. It ran thus: + + "John Roberts lives here, + Sells brandy and beer, + Your spirits to cheer; + And should you want meat, + To make up the treat, + There be rabbits to eat." + (A verbatim copy.) + +A swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of Dartmoor +could once boast of like following quaint invitations. + +The side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, underneath a +rude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the following rude +couplet: + + "Before the wild moor you venture to pass, + Pray step within and take a glass." + +The attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured daub +representing a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly band of +jolly fellows, read thus: + + "Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over, + Do stop a while, your spirits to recover." + +Over the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or High +Street, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid disinterested +piece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by the spread of a +gigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the house: + + "Keep within compass, + And then you'll be sure, + To avoid many troubles, + That others endure." + +The house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished that +the jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of +resort, would profit by its wise counsel. + +H. H. H. + +There is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in Essex, a +sign-board in front of the "Queen Victoria" (only a beer-house by the way), +with these lines: + + "The Queen some day, + May pass this way, + And see our Tom and Jerry; + Perhaps she'll stop, + And stand a drop, + To make her subjects merry." + +On the other side are some different lines, which I forget. + + ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +1. At Overseal, Leicestershire: + + "Robin Hood is + Dead and gone: + Pray call, and drink + With Little John." + +2. The sign of "The Bee Hive," in Birmingham and other places: + + "Within this Hive, we're all alive, + Good liquor makes us funny: + If you are dry, step in and try, + The flavour of our honey." + +3. The sign of "The Gate" (of frequent occurrence): + + "The Gate hangs well, + And hinders none; + Refresh and pay, + And travel on." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +In King Street, Norwich, at the sign of "The Waterman," kept by a man who +is a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines: + + "Roam not from pole to pole, + But step in here; + Where nought exceeds the shaving, + But the beer." + +J. L. S. + +There used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and Borobridge +(Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following inscription; {628} +whether or not it is still in existence I cannot say: + + "At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby, + Pray stop and drink before you go by." + +C. I. R. + + * * * * * + +THE CURFEW. + + (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp. + 53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.) + +The curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the +annual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one +hour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a thank-offering +to God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a person from +destruction. This person had lost his way on his return from Bridgenorth +Fair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of falling from a +great height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused him to retrace +his steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell is also rung at +Kidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung for many years past +by "Blind William," who, notwithstanding his total blindness, finds his way +along the streets that lead from his house to the church, and gains the +belfry with the greatest ease. So well is he acquainted with the path to +church, that he may be seen to turn the corners of the streets in as +decided a manner as if his wide-open eyes were endowed with sight; and, +with similar facility, he unlocks the gates and church doors. It is curious +to see him on the dark winter evenings, apparently guiding his steps by the +light of a lanthorn, which he probably carries in order to prevent careless +people, who are blessed with sight, from running against him. Like most (if +not all) blind people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will +quickly reproduce on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At +this present festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of +its component parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to +the harmony of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he +promenades the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all +the music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be +considered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for +he warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary "waits" +have taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when Christmas +Day is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for the +Christmas-box which is to be the reward of his "early minstrelsy." + +The curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire. + +At Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at nine +o'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the University +of Durham as "Tom" is to the students of the University of Oxford, viz. it +marks the closing of the college gates. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Photographic Engraving._--I inclose a copy of a little book for your +inspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the illustrations are +produced by photography. The general theory of the method is this: a piece +of glass is covered with a uniform thin coating of some substance, so as to +be opaque or semi-opaque (the substance should be light coloured), and a +design is etched on it with a needle. From this _negative_ positive +pictures are printed photographically. + +As to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) are +from a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, exposed to +faint light for a short time and developed. In this method, the glass +should be heated; and the collodion _burnished_ with the hand, to make it +adhere well.[5] The owl (p. 22.) and the stork (p. 10.) are from a glass +coated with iodized collodion "rendered sensitive" only, and not developed +so as to be only semi-opaque. On this high lights were put with opaque +white, and darks were etched out. This has the effect of a tinted +lithograph, but requires much more care in printing than the former method, +in order to hit the right tint; so much so, that I have usually printed the +stork faintly so as not to show the "tint" at all. The frontispiece is from +a paper negative, a method much more troublesome and tedious than either of +the others, both in preparation of the negative and in printing. + +I have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, were +it not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I prepared a +negative by painting whites with water colour on transparent glass with +moderate success. + +I have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative on +smoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I have +tried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier than any +species of engraving. + +Query, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the cost of +printing on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, &c.; in +which must be included the cost of the skilled workman which will be saved +by this method? + +HUGH BLACKBURN. + + [When we add that the work referred to is an edition of _The History of + Little Downey_, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and + printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number + of copies may be had on application to Messrs. {629} Constable and Co. + of Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged + School, we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure + copies, and help to forward the good work which its publication is + intended to promote.] + +[Footnote 5: This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who +indeed prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.] + +_Collodion Negatives._--Allow me to communicate a sure and simple way of +darkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to me by a friend +of mine; and not having seen it in your "N. & Q.," I have undertaken to lay +it before your readers, hoping that it may be found useful to many +beginners. + +After having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate of +iron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep it +on one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three +parts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a nitrate +of silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix together, and pour +on the plate. The picture will gradually begin to blacken; and after half +an hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient density for printing a +positive on paper. + +Every one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. Of +all the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not +excepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate +of ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. Just +try it, and you will be glad with the result. + +F. M. (a Maltese.) + +Malta, Valetta. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +"_London Labour and the London Poor_" (Vol. viii., p. 527.).--I beg to +inform MR. GANTILLON that the above work is discontinued. The parts +entitled "Those that will work" and "Those that cannot work" have been +completed, and form a valuable book; but the discontinuance of the third +part is no loss at all, for in commencing upon "Those that will not work," +Mr. Mayhew began with a history of prostitution in ancient and modern +times, a subject which did not possess the novelty or originality of his +other divisions, and consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was +forced first to raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue +altogether, the publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to +treating the London prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would +have been completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopædia of +London Labour and the London Poor. + +ARTHUR C. WILSON. + +Brompton. + +_Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric_ (Vol. viii., p. 407.).--Your +correspondent MR. WELD TAYLOR seems to possess the first rude draught of +the following beautiful piece by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin +Call," a duet sung by Miss A. Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent +and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, +Mrs. Aveling Smith and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza +Birch, Miss Turner and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover: + + "Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet, + Come to the dingles where fairies meet; + Know that the lilies have spread their bells + O'er all the pools in our forest dells; + Come away, under arching bows we'll float, + Making each urn a fairy boat; + We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free, + And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be. + And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low, + It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow; + As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh, + Or water-drops train'd into melody, + And a star from the depth of each pearly cup, + A golden star into heav'n looks up, + As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie, + Set in the blue of the summer sky." + +J. YEOWELL. + +_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).--Though unable to inform +CHARTHAM and A READER in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier +resided during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can +state the connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston +families: I believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related." + +Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary Fitzalan, +had Philip (_jure matris_), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 attainted, and +was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This last was father of +Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of Greystock Castle, who +married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of George Tattersall, of West +Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. Wilts. + +Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke of +Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of Worksop) +of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of Forfar, in +Scotland. + +H. C. C. + +I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +in 1833 or 1834. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +_Grammar in relation to Logic_ (Vol. viii., p. 514).--MR. INGLEBY evidently +has but a superficial view of this doctrine, which is not only Dr. +Latham's, but one, I apprehend, pretty well known to every Oxford +undergraduate, viz. that, logically, _conjunctions connect propositions, +not words_. By way of proving the falsity of it (which he says is +demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham "resolve this sentence: _All men are +either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged_:" and adds, "It cannot be +done." I may inform him that the three categorical propositions, "A man is +two-legged, or he is {630} one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected by +their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the +disjunctive proposition which he instances. + +MR. INGLEBY quotes Boole's _Mathematical (?) Analysis of Logic_ in support +of his opinion; but, from the following specimen of that work, it does not +appear to be much of an authority. The author says: + + "The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, cannot + be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal is + irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to + hypotheticals." + +Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the +proposition in question can be resolved into--An animal is rational or it +is irrational. Again, "the former does _not_ belong to pure categoricals," +it is simply disjunctive. MR. INGLEBY falls into the same error, and +moreover seems not to be aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the +same time hypothetical. + +Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, strictly, +connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect words, may be +true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and loose mode of +stating the matter. + +H. C. K. + +----Rectory, Hereford. + +_Descendants of Milton_ (Vol. viii., p. 339.).--I have in the course of my +life met with or heard of more than once or twice, people of the same +names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no way related to each +other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your correspondent J. F. M. that +about twenty years ago there was living the skipper of a coasting vessel, +trading between Bridport and London, named Caleb Clark. He or his family +are probably living at Bridport now. + +[Greek: Alpha]. + +_Pronunciation of Bible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The clerk of a +retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first lesson +always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and as the +names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, after +getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid +gentlemen" afterwards. + +W. COLLYNS. + +Harlow. + +_Henry I.'s Tomb_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I fancy that the much mooted +question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the remains of King +Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by referring to +Tanner's _Notitia Monastica_, edit. 1744, in the second column of p. 15.: +where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King Henry I. had once +existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and that, in the time of +King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required to repair both the tomb +and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was there buried, within the +space of one year, as the condition on which the charters were to be +confirmed: + +"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 Ric. II. +p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, modo Abbas +infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem _R. Henrici_ +Fundatoris, ibidem humati." + +I. T. A. + +_Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.): _Chandler, Bishop of +Durham_ (Vol. viii, p. 331.).--I may perhaps "kill two birds with one +stone," by reminding MESSRS. GATTY and NEWBURN that the Bishops of Durham +were formerly _Princes of the Palatinate_. It was probably in that capacity +that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and Bishop +Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, I +believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI._ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The return of +12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's _Worthies_, under each county. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +I read in Fuller's _Worthies_, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.: + + "A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end + of the reign of King Henry VIII." + +Does this list exist in any of our record offices? + +And has it ever been printed? + +TEWARS. + +_Peter Allan_ (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--Your correspondent E. C. will find +much interesting information respecting this person in an account of him +reprinted from the _Sunderland and Durham County Herald_, and published +(1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the title of _Marsden Rock, or +the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine Grotto_. He, his wife, eight +children, and aged father and mother, are there described as being in a +very flourishing condition: and (if I remember rightly) I saw them all, +when I last visited the rock in 1850. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Burial in an Erect Posture_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--The following passage, +which I quote from Hearne's _Collection of Antiquarian Discourses_, vol. i. +p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable to CHEVERELLS, as showing (on +traditional authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in +the case of captains in the army: + + "For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that + when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used + to take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet _uprighte_, and put his + {631} launce or pike into his hand; and then his fellowe souldyers did + by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and laye aboute him as + should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his pike." + +I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners and +customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of burial. In +one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright posture, +perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and another, +one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a kind of +sentry-box. + +R. W. ELLIOTT. + +Clifton. + +_The Word "Mob"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).--Roger North, speaking +of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a more visible +administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship (Shaftsbury) and +the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the immediate tools," says: + + "I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called + _the mob_, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of + burthen, and called first _mobile vulgus_, but fell naturally into the + contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper + English."--_Examen_, part III. ch. vii. p. 89. + +H. GARDINER. + +_Gen. Sir C. Napier_ (Vol. viii., p. 490.).--I may state, for the +instruction of officers who think study needless in their profession, that, +having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier for some time +before he had the command in the midland district of England, I constantly +found him engaged in inquiries connected with his profession. He was always +in training. Not long before this time he had returned from Caen, in +Normandy, and he told me that when there he had surveyed the ground on +which William the Conqueror had acquired military fame before he made his +descent on England, and his conclusion was that that Conqueror was +remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of war. He expressed his +intention to write on this subject; but great events soon afterwards called +him to India, which became the scene of his own mastery in military and +civil command. + +T. F. + +_To Come_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--In the Lower Saxon dialect, to come is +_camen_, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, _quam_. It would therefore seem +that the English _came_ is not an innovation, but a partial restoration or +preservation of a very ancient form. (See Adelung's _Wörterbuch_.) + +E. C. H. + +_Passage in Sophocles_ (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).--The Italics were +introduced to draw attention to the _new_ version which was adventured, "N. +& Q." being an excellent medium for such suggestions. + +Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and the +old scholiast having furnished this saying, + + "[Greek: Hotan d' ho daimôn andri porsunêi kaka] + [Greek: Ton noun eblapse prôton hôi bouleuetai]," + +it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted to +suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it +appeared that-- + + [Greek: hôi bouleuetai prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas]; + +and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he lives +for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I submit, from +the adoption of Brunck's reading [Greek: prassein], instead of reading, as +I venture to do, with Hermann, [Greek: theos agei ... prassei d'], taking +[Greek: theos] as the nominative of both verbs. + +Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders [Greek: +oligoston] "_very_ brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast +to the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from +[Greek: prassô], to act, through [Greek: pragma], business, and [Greek: +praxis], practice, and is therefore the most appropriate English word, +although the word "does" will furnish Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I +shall, however, be most happy to submit to correction by any classical +scholar. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century_ (Vol. viii., p. 485.).--I must +beg of you to contradict the loose statement of JARLTZBERG at p. 486. of +this Volume, "as to the object of the Church of England in _separating +from_ Rome." Now, the Church of England did never _separate herself_ from +_any_ Christian Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of +England is to be found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and +Pius IV. offered to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge +the Pope's supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually +conformed to the worship of the Church of England for the first _twelve +years_ of Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented +from doing so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which +excommunicated that sovereign. + +So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. 351.).--Sir Anthony +Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet in _A Letter to a +Convocation Man_ I find him so styled: + + "I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury {632} was prohibited to + hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, + and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for + a law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite + him."--_L. C. M._, p. 38. + +I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's +_Abridgment of Cases_, or Speed's _History of Great Britain_, but I am not +able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s convocations +allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that Fitzherbert must be +a misprint, and that we should read in the above passage "Fitz-Peter," and +that the following is the circumstance, in King John's reign, which is +referred to by the author of the _Letter_: + + "This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National + Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey + Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of England."--Collier's + _Ecclesiastical History_, vol. i. folio, p. 410. + +I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the +passage. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Veneration for the Oak_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--Since my Query upon this +matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon _Nineveh and +Babylon_, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green felspar, which he +believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and upon which is engraved +a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a sacred tree, whose +flowers are in this instance in the shape of an _acorn_. Whence did the +Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree bearing acorns? Did they derive +this notion, as they did their tin, from Celtic Britain? I believe they +did. + +G. W. + +Stansted, Montfichet. + +_Rapping no Novelty_ (Vol. viii., p. 512.).--De Foe, in his veracious +_History of Mr. Duncan Campbell_ (2nd ed., p. 107.), quotes a story of +sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. Baxter's _History of +Apparitions_, prefacing it thus: + + "What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ himself + in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a man who + got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are + ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, + that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to + call in question." + +According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding many +pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to think +what kind of spirit this is." + +R. I. R. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +DR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS. Lond. 1662. Folio. + +HIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Romæ, 1650. 2 Toms. in 1. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + + * * * * * + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romæ, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUÆ IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HÆRETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONÆ ERRONIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, GENTLE READERS! _We trust that, in presenting +you this week with the curious collection of_ FOLK LORE _articles which is +now before you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you._ + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, KIND FRIENDS AND CORRESPONDENTS! _and_ THANKS +TO YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE CO-OPERATION. _May your Christmas logs burn +brightly on your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at +this "so hallowed and so gracious time!"_ + +_Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as circumstances will +admit by including within its pages, as far as practicable, all Answers to +the Queries which have been propounded in it, we have this week omitted our +usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. _for the purpose of making room for the +numerous_ REPLIES _which we have in type._ + +E. C. H. _Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are many +difficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of being +enabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, which we +think will be time enough._ + +W. E. (Pimperne). _Your note has been forwarded._ + +G. C._'s Reply to_ SERVIENS _will appear next week; his Query in the new +Volume._ + +J. D. L. (Bristol). _The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were found +nailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth._ + +E. H. D. D._'s wishes shall be attended to in our next._ + +PHOTOGRAPHER. _Your complaint of the shortness of the notice of the +proposed Exhibition is one we have heard from several quarters. Many will +consequently be prevented sending in pictures for exhibition by the +impossibility of printing them during the present unfavourable weather._ + +INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we +trust, be ready for delivery with_ NO. 221. _on the 21st of January._ + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 590., for "not in the New Testament" read "or of +the New Testament;" and for "read this with an accent on the antepenultima" +read "read this with an accent on the penultima." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +{633} + +Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound, + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. 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KEITH JOHNSTON'S NEW DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY, Descriptive, Physical, +Statistical, and Historical; forming a complete GENERAL GAZETTEER of the +WORLD. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, in 8vo., price to the Trade, 3s. 6d. + +THE TWELFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE REGISTRAR-GENERAL OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND +MARRIAGES, IN ENGLAND. + + London: Published for H. M. Stationery Office by MESSRS. LONGMAN, + BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS; + + Of whom the previous REPORTS (from the FIRST to the ELEVENTH inclusive) + may still be had. + + * * * * * + + +Lately published, in 3 vols. 8vo., price 28s. + +THE SAXONS IN ENGLAND: A History of the English Commonwealth till the +Period of the Norman Conquest. By JOHN M. KEMBLE, M.A. F.C.P.S. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, in post 8vo., price 6s. 6d. + +LECTURES ON THE TRUE, THE BEAUTIFUL, AND THE GOOD. By M. VICTOR COUSIN. +Translated, with the Author's approbation, from the new and greatly +improved French edition, by O. W. WIGHT, Translator of Cousin's "Course of +the History of Modern Philosophy." + +Edinburgh: T. & J. CLARK. +London: HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. + + * * * * * + + +THE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT. + +"Pluck a Flower." + +A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be +published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any respectable +bookseller in town or country. + +MILNER & SOWERBY. HALIFAX. + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS. + + NOTICE.--With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published, + beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS, + including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound. The FIRST + VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the + +LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. 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CHAMBERS to adapt their efforts to the improving tastes of the age. +In particular there will be presented a higher class of Fiction, commencing +with a + +TALE OF MODERN LIFE, + +by MR. LEITCH RITCHIE, which will be continued in weekly chapters till +completed; also a + +MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE LIBRARY AND STUDIO, + +in addition to a Monthly Record, still more carefully drawn up than +formerly, of the + +PROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND THE USEFUL ARTS. + +Among expected contributions of importance, may be mentioned a series of +Articles on + +THINGS AS THEY ARE IN AMERICA, + +by MR. 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Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +WINTER EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.--An entirely New Collection of +Photographic Pictures, including Mr. Robertson's Views of Constantinople; +M. Martin's Magnificent Scenery among the Glaciers of Switzerland; and Mr. +Delamotte's Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham; is now open. +Admission 6d. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +166. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils. &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. 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L. & E., &c. + +Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology," "A Catechism of +Agricultural Chemistry," &c. + + * * * * * + +It is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present +Condition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the +subjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, should +he find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in other +Popular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his Library. + +It will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order: + + 1.--The AIR we Breathe. + The WATER we Drink. + + 2.--The SOIL we Cultivate. + The PLANT we Rear. + + 3.--The BREAD we Eat. + The BEEF we Cook. + + 4.--The BEVERAGES we Infuse. + + 5.--The SWEETS we Extract. + The LIQUORS we Ferment. + + 6.--The NARCOTICS we Indulge in. + + 7.--The ODOURS we Enjoy. The SMELLS we Dislike. + + 8.--What we BREATHE and + BREATHE For. + What, How, and Why we + Digest. + + 9.--The BODY we Cherish. + The CIRCULATION of + MATTER, a Recapitulation. + +*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each. + + * * * * * + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY. + +PRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk. + +Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the +Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for +Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. + + £ s. + Annual Subscription 0 10 + Composition for Life 5 0 + +On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required, +from which those Members who join the Society during the present month will +be exempt. + + GEORGE BISH WEBB, + Honorary Secretary. + 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill. + + * * * * * + + +TO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + +THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William +College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the +Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an +Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic +Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties +desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application +as above. + + * * * * * + + +ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE. + +REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected +with the Assyrian Language, and would also give _vivâ voce_ Instruction +therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this +important Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position, +may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory, +Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st January. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s. + +A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES. Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + +WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +THE MOST COMFORTABLE CHRISTMAS PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILT. It +is the warmest, the Highest and the most elegant Covering, suitable for the +Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its comfort cannot be +too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, of which a large +Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of Prices of the above, +together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by Post. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +{635} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly TWO PER CENT. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurance may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, and Exported +to any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine +is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this +Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, +Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all +respectable Chemists, in pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free, 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + + C. BAKER'S, Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High + Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price 1s., per +Post. 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +VIEWS IN LONDON. + +STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES. + +BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT +MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and +in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on PAPER, and +TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, +the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + +*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +{636} + +LITERARY GIFT BOOKS. + + * * * * * + +THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:-- + +I. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. + +II. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. +12s. + +III. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s. + +IV. + +BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. +10s. 6d. + +V. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. + +VI. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and +Vignette. 12s. + +VII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. + +VIII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and +Vignettes. 10s. 6d. + +IX. + +BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. + +X. + +BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. + +XI. + +MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. 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Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. 21s. + +XXVI. + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. 21s. + +XXVII. + +JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2s. 6d. + +XXVIII. + +ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4s. + +XXIX. + +THE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7s. 6d. + +XXX. + +JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6s. + +XXXI. + +JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6s. + + * * * * * + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming +Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for +insertion by the 4th, of January. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE. + +Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7s. 6d. + +A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature, +Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, Editor of the +"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street; and WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street and +Ivy Lane. + + * * * * * + + +WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. + +Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12s. + +THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, +revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER WILKINSON. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, a New Edition, with an Index, Fcap. 8vo., 5s. + +HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH AUTHORS. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +ROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12s. + +THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the +GREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. By +REV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON. M. A. Vicar of Beakesbourne. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +MILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF HORACE. + +This Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9s., bound. + +LIFE OF HORACE. By the REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. PAUL'S. + +Also, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21s. + +THE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300 +Engravings of Coins, Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique. + + "Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some + antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all + their fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that + the designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."--_Classical Museum._ + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. + +Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 Woodcuts by HARVEY, One +Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea. + +THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ., +Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. 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margin-top: 1em;} + img.middle { border: none; vertical-align: middle } + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: September 29, 2009 [EBook #30133] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 24, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 613 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page613"></a>{613}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 217.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 24. 1853</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page613">613</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page614">614</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page615">615</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>County Rhymes</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page615">615</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal) and the Giant, + by Frances Robert Davies</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page616">616</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore Miscellanies</span>:—Yorkshire + Tradition—Custom on St. Thomas's Day—Custom on Innocents' + Day—Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire—Folk Lore in + Hampshire—Propitiating the Fairies—Cornish Folk + Lore—King Arthur in the Form of a Raven—St. Clement's + Apple Feast in Staffordshire—New Year's Eve and New Year's + Day</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page617">617</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—Carlist + Calembourg—Jewish Custom—Lachlan Macleane—German + Tree—The late Duke</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page618">618</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page619">619</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—Barrels + Regiment—Okey the Regicide—Lady Mason's Third + Husband—Creation of Knights—Martyn the + Regicide—History of the Nonjurors—Florin and the Royal + Arms—A Mistletoe Query</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page620">620</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries With Answers</span>:—Sewell + Family—Greek Epigram—Translations from + Æschylus—Prince Memnon's Sister—"Oh! for a blast," + &c.—Robin Hood's Festival—Church in Suffolk</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page621">621</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Children called Imps</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page623">623</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Divining Rod</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page623">623</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page624">624</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books burned by the common Hangman, by W. Fraser, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page625">625</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poetical Tavern Signs</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page626">626</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Photographic Engraving—Collodion + Negatives</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page628">628</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span>:—"London + Labour and the London Poor"—Felicia Hemans's inedited + Lyric—Sir Arthur Aston—Grammar in relation to + Logic—Descendants of Milton—Pronunciation of Bible + Names—Henry I.'s Tomb—Bells at + Berwick-upon-Tweed—Return of Gentry, temp. Henry + VI.—Peter Allan—Burial in an erect Posture—The Word + "Mob"—Gen. Sir C. Napier—To Come—Passage in + Sophocles—Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century—Judges + styled Reverend—Veneration for the Oak—Rapping no + Novelty</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page629">629</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page632">632</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page632">632</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page633">633</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>FOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I.</h3> + + <p>In turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I + stumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well + from their antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a + place in your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of + our ancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the + reign of James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the + following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading + to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the + Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that + seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of + Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio. + London, 1624."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This, however, is described as being "the fifth impression;" the + Preface is dated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that + the usages and rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of + your readers, were current in the north-west districts of England more + than two hundred and fifty years since.</p> + + <p>White is insisting upon "the prodigious ignorance" which he found + among his parishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he + proceeds thus to tell his own tale:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them, + concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart + trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how + to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that hear + them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously, they + refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they speak that + which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have observed + from the common people."</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">THE CREED.</span></p> + + <p>"Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum + qui sum sops, virgini Mariæ, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers, + morti <!-- Page 614 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page614"></a>{614}</span>by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un + judicarum, finis a mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, + remissurum, peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam + again."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="scac">THE LITTLE CREED.</span></p> + <p class="hg3">"Little Creed, can I need,</p> + <p>Kneele before our Ladies knee;</p> + <p>Candle light, candles burne,</p> + <p>Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne,</p> + <p>That we might all to heaven come.</p> + <p class="i2">Little Creed, Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:'</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother,</p> + <p>What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves.</p> + <p>What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes.</p> + <p>Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates:</p> + <p>And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother.</p> + <p class="i2">White Pater-noster, Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Another Prayer:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I blesse me with God and the rood,</p> + <p>With his sweet flesh and precious blood;</p> + <p>With his crosse and his creed,</p> + <p>With his length and his breed,</p> + <p>From my toe to my crowne,</p> + <p>And all my body up and downe,</p> + <p>From my back to my brest,</p> + <p>My five wits be my rest;</p> + <p>God let never ill come at ill,</p> + <p>But through Jesus owne will,</p> + <p>Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather + it for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and + then they blesse it thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hallowed be thou, Vervein,</p> + <p>As thou growest on the ground,</p> + <p>For in the Mount of Calvary,</p> + <p>There thou wast first found.</p> + <p>Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ,</p> + <p>And staunchedst his bleeding wound;</p> + <p>In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost,</p> + <p>I take thee from the ground."</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p>These passages may be seen in the "Preface to the Reader," § 13., no + page, but on the reverse of Sig. A 4.</p> + + <p>It might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting + remnants of early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous + correspondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to + this inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the + volume in which they occur is one which would seem, <i>primâ facie</i>, + least likely to afford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting + bulky folios of which the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with + so many specimens. Here we might fairly expect to discover abundant + illustrations of patristic and scholastic theology, of learning and + pedantry, of earnest devotion, and ill-temper no less earnest; but + nothing whereby to illustrate the manners or customs, the traditions, or + the popular usages or superstitions, of the common people. This may be a + hint for us, however, to direct our attention to a class of literature + which hitherto has scarcely received the attention to which it would + appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my conviction, that + if those who are interested in the illustration of our popular + antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English + theology, the result would be more important than might at first be + anticipated.</p> + + <p class="author">L. B.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The fact mentioned by your correspondent <span class="sc">C. Clifton + Barry</span>, at p. 357., as to the affinity of Midland songs and ballads + to those of Scotland, I have often observed, and among the striking + instances of it which could be adduced, the following may be named, as + well known in Northamptonshire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland;</p> + <p>It rains both great and small;</p> + <p>And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland</p> + <p>Must needs go and play at ball.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"They tossed the ball so high, so high,</p> + <p>And yet it came down so low;</p> + <p>They tossed it over the old Jew's gates,</p> + <p>And broke the old Jew's window.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The old Jew's daughter she came out;</p> + <p>Was clothed all in green;</p> + <p class="hg1">'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh,</p> + <p>And fetch your ball again.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"'I dare not come, I dare not come,</p> + <p>Unless my schoolfellows come all;</p> + <p>And I shall be flogged when I get home,</p> + <p>For losing of my ball.'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She 'ticed him with an apple so red,</p> + <p>And likewise with a fig:</p> + <p>She laid him on the dresser board,</p> + <p>And stickéd him like a pig.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The thickest of blood did first come out,</p> + <p>The second came out so thin;</p> + <p>The third that came was his dear heart's blood,</p> + <p>Where all his life lay in."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I + think is printed, with variations, in Percy's <i>Reliques</i>. It is also + worthy of remark, that there is a resemblance also between the words + which occur as provincialisms in the same district, and some of those + which are used in Scotland; e.g. <i>whemble</i> or <i>whommel</i> + (sometimes not aspirated, and pronounced <i>wemble</i>), to turn upside + down, as a dish. This word is Scotch, although they do not pronounce the + b any more than in <i>Campbell</i>, which sounds very much like + <i>Camel</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">B. H. C.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 615 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page615"></a>{615}</span></p> + +<h3>PENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS.</h3> + + <p>This anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and + western states as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, + where, owing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, + Christmas is not much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages + connected with it are of German origin, and derived from the early + settlers of the Teutonic race, whose descendants are now a very numerous + portion of the population. The Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is + planted in a flower-pot filled with earth, and its branches are covered + with presents, chiefly of confectionary, for the younger members of the + family.</p> + + <p>When bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their + stockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by + a fabulous personage called <i>Krishkinkle</i>, who is believed to + descend the chimney with them for all the children who have been good + during the previous year. The word <i>Krishkinkle</i> is a corruption of + <i>Christ-kindlein</i>, literally <i>Christ-infant</i>, and is understood + to be derived from the fact that a representation of the Infant Saviour + in the manger formed part of the decorations prepared for the children at + Christmas.</p> + + <p>If the children have not been good during the year previous, instead + of finding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas + morning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been + placed there by <i>Pelsnichol</i>, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to + the dress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make + <i>Pelsnichol</i> identical with <i>Krishkinkle</i>, but the more general + opinion is that they are two personages, one the rewarder of the good, + the other the punisher of the bad.</p> + + <p>The functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed + to Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled + by the Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, + LL.D., of New York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on + Christmas Eve, and is equally applicable to our Krishkinkle:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"<i>A Visit from St. Nicholas.</i></p> + <p class="hg1">'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house</p> + <p>Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;</p> + <p>The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,</p> + <p>In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there.</p> + <p>The children were nestled all snug in their beds,</p> + <p>While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads;</p> + <p>And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap</p> + <p>Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap,</p> + <p>When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,</p> + <p>I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter.</p> + <p>Away to the window I flew like a flash,</p> + <p>Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash;</p> + <p>The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow</p> + <p>Gave the lustre of day to the objects below;</p> + <p>When what to my wondering eyes should appear</p> + <p>But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer,</p> + <p>With a little old driver so lively and quick,</p> + <p>I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick.</p> + <p>More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,</p> + <p>And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now, Vixen!</p> + <p>On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen!</p> + <p>To the top of the stoop<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a>, to the top of the wall!</p> + <p>Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!'</p> + <p>As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly,</p> + <p>When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky,</p> + <p>So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,</p> + <p>With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too;</p> + <p>And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof</p> + <p>The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.</p> + <p>As I drew in my head and was turning around,</p> + <p>Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound.</p> + <p>He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot,</p> + <p>And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot.</p> + <p>A bundle of toys he had flung on his back;</p> + <p>And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack.</p> + <p>His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry!</p> + <p>His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry;</p> + <p>His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow,</p> + <p>And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow;</p> + <p>The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,</p> + <p>And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath.</p> + <p>He had a broad face and a little round belly,</p> + <p>That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly.</p> + <p>He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,</p> + <p>And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself.</p> + <p>A wink of his eye and a twist of his head</p> + <p>Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.</p> + <p>He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,</p> + <p>And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk;</p> + <p>And laying his finger aside of his nose,</p> + <p>And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.</p> + <p>He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,</p> + <p>And away they all flew like the down of a thistle:</p> + <p>But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>COUNTY RHYMES.</h3> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8"><span class="sc">Kent.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He that will not live long,</p> + <p>Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea,</p> + <p class="i1">Rumney and Rye, the five ports be."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Cheshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Chester of Castria took the name,</p> + <p class="i1">As if that Castria were the same."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> +<!-- Page 616 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page616"></a>{616}</span> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Lincolnshire</span>—<i>Stamford</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Doctrinæ studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum,</p> + <p>Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray,</p> + <p class="i1">Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="sc">Wiltshire</span>—<i>Salisbury Cathedral</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As many days as in one year there be,</p> + <p>So many windows in this church you see.</p> + <p>As many marble pillars here appear,</p> + <p>As there are hours through the fleeting year.</p> + <p>As many gates as moons one here does view</p> + <p>Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Chippenham</i>—On a Stone.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift,</p> + <p class="i2">For where I stand is Chippenham clift."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="sc">Surrey</span>—<i>Market House, Farnham</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"You who do like me, give money to end me,</p> + <p>You who dislike me, give as much to mend me."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><i>Woking</i>—<i>Sutton</i>.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Beastly 'Oking—pretty Sutton,</p> + <p class="i3">Filthy foxglove—bach'lors button."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"'Oking was—Guildford is—Godalming shall be."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Somersetshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Stanton Drew,</p> + <p>A mile from Pensford—another from Chew."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Pembrokeshire.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Once to Rome thy steps incline,</p> + <p class="i3">But visit twice St. David's shrine."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"When Percelty weareth a hat,</p> + <p class="i3">All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Ebff.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bolt Court.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) +AND THE GIANT.</h3> + + <p>Once upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's + fame, determined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now + Fuenvicouil was informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also + that on the present occasion matters would not turn out much to his + advantage if they fought: so as he did not feel the least bit + "blue-mowlded for the want of a batin'," like Neal Malone, he was at a + loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife, saw his distress, and soon contrived + to find out the cause of it; and having done so, she assured him that if + he would leave things to her management, and strictly obey her + directions, she would make the giant return home faster than he came. + Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no time was to be lost, Oonagh + commenced her preparations. She first baked two or three large cakes of + bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron plate used in Ireland and + Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest. She then put several + gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and carefully + collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then proceeded + to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his head, + tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but to + carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were + only just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the + house, demanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said + she could not tell <i>any more than the child in the cradle</i>, where + her husband then was; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till + Fuenvicouil came in. She then placed bread and whey before him till some + better refreshments could be got ready, taking care to give him the cake + with the griddle in it, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or + three gallons. The giant was a little surprised at the <i>quantity</i> of + the lunch set before him, and proceeded to break a piece off the cake but + in vain; he then tried to bite it, with as little success: and as to + swallowing the ocean of whey set before him, it was out of the question; + so he said he was not hungry, and would wait. He then asked Oonagh what + was the favourite feat of strength her husband prided himself upon. She + could not indeed particularise any one, but said that sometimes + Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing water out of that stone there, + pointing to a rock lying near the door. The giant immediately took it up; + and squeezed it till the blood started from his fingers, but made no + impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his discomfiture, and said a + child could do that, handing at the same time the lump of curds to "the + baby." Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively listening to all that was + going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops of whey fell from it. + Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and hugged her "dear baby;" + and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had prepared, began to coax + the "child" to eat a little bit and get strong. The giant amazed, asked, + could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh persuaded him to put his + finger into the child's mouth, "just to feel his teeth;" and as soon as + Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he bit it off. This was + more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a child in the cradle + was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he decamped before + Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the house, while + Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till he returned + to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with + Fuenvicouil.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Frances Robert Davies.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p><!-- Page 617 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page617"></a>{617}</span></p> + +<h3>FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES.</h3> + + <p><i>Yorkshire Tradition.</i>—The following tradition of + Osmotherly, in Yorkshire, was related to me as being current in that + county. Can you inform me if it is authentic?</p> + + <p>Some years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who + had an only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they + met a party of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. + After being much importuned she assented to their request. To the + mother's astonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would + be drowned. In order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated + mother purchased some land and built a house on the summit of a high + hill, where she lived with her son a long time in peace and seclusion. + Happening one fine summer's day in the course of a perambulation to have + fatigued themselves, they sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell + asleep. While enjoying this repose, a spring rose up from the ground, + which caused such an inundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side + they found a watery grave. After this had occurred, the people residing + in the neighbourhood named it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been + corrupted into Osmotherly.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Carter</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Custom on St. Thomas's Day</i> (<i>Dec. 21</i>).—At + Harvington, in Worcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for + persons (chiefly children) to go round the village begging for apples, + and singing the following rhymes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Wissal, wassail through the town,</p> + <p>If you've got any apples, throw them down.</p> + <p>Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe,</p> + <p>If you've got no apples, money will do.</p> + <p>The jug is white, and the ale is brown,</p> + <p>This is the best house in the town."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Custom on Innocents' Day</i> (<i>Dec. 28</i>).—At Norton + (near Evesham) it is the custom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal + for the slaughter of the Holy Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of + joy for the deliverance of the Infant Christ.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire.</i>—A singular but + pleasing custom exists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On + the occasion of a wedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a + relative invariably spreads on the pavement, which is composed of + pebbles, before her house, a quantity of silver sand, there called + "greet," in the form of wreaths of flowers, and writes, with the same + material, wishes for her happiness. This, of course, is soon discovered + by others, and immediately, especially if the bride or bridegroom are + favorites, appear before most of the houses numerous flowers in sand. It + is said that this custom arose from the only church they had being + without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a wedding, they adopted + it; and though now there are other churches and a peal of bells, they + still adhere to the above method of communicating intelligence of such + happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been able to learn, and + I should be much obliged for any information on the point, there being no + sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like reason for its + use.</p> + + <p>One circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the + return of the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, + who, of course, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry + of "a buttermilk wedding."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Russell Gole.</span></p> + + <p><i>Folk Lore in Hampshire.</i>—In Hampshire the country people + believe that a healing power exists in the alms collected at the + administration of the sacrament, and many of them use the money as a + charm to cure the diseases of the body. A short time ago a woman came to + a clergyman, and brought with her half-a-crown, asking at the same time + for five "sacrament sixpences" in exchange. She said that one of her + relations was ill, and that she wished to use the money as a charm to + drive away the disease. This superstition may have arisen from the once + prevalent custom of distributing the alms in the church to those of the + poor who were present at the sacrament.</p> + + <p>I have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same "gifts of + healing" to the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, + will carry it away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to + be recorded in "N. & Q.," perhaps you would like to "make a note of + it."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. M. Middleton.</span></p> + + <p><i>Propitiating the Fairies.</i>—Having some years since, on a + Sunday afternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in + the eastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on + horseback, headed by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as + I approached her, she stopped me, and producing a <i>cake</i>, presented + it to me, and insisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the + Isle of Man, I had the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate + several pieces of folk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that + island. It had been customary, within his recollection, for a woman, when + carrying a child to be christened, to take with her <i>a piece of bread + and cheese</i>, to give to the first person she met, for the purpose of + <i>saving the child from witchcraft or the fairies</i>. Another custom + was that of the "Queeltah," or salt put under the churn <i>to keep off + bad people</i>. Stale water was thrown on the plough "to keep it from the + <i>little <!-- Page 618 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page618"></a>{618}</span>folks</i>." A cross was tied in the tail + of a cow "to keep her from <i>bad bodies</i>." On May morning it was + deemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house + for fire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers + growing in a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep + off the fairies. And finally, the last cake was left "behind the + turf-flag for the little people."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven.</i>—In + Jarvis's translation of <i>Don Quixote</i>, book <span + class="scac">II</span>. chap. v., the following passage occurs:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and + histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King + Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom + there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of + Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was + turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign again, + and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot be + proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a + raven?'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>My reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact + that the legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was + still repeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. + My father, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a + few years of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he + was walking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, + he saw a raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near + immediately rebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have + shot at a raven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that + bird. My father was much interested when I drew his attention to the + passage which I have quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh + correspondents may be able to say whether the legend is still known among + the people of Cornwall or Wales.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edgar MacCulloch.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Guernsey.</p> + + <p><i>St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire.</i>—On the feast + of St. Clement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in + the villages to which they belong singing the following doggerel:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine!</p> + <p>A good red apple and a pint of wine,</p> + <p>Some of your mutton and some of your veal,</p> + <p>If it is good, pray give me a deal;</p> + <p>If it is not, pray give some salt.</p> + <p>Butler, butler, fill your bowl;</p> + <p>If thou fillst it of the best,</p> + <p>The Lord'll send your soul to rest;</p> + <p>If thou fillst it of the small,</p> + <p>Down goes butler, bowl and all.</p> + <p>Pray, good mistress, send to me</p> + <p>One for Peter, one for Paul,</p> + <p>One for Him who made us all,</p> + <p>Apple, pear, plum, or cherry,</p> + <p>Any good thing to make us merry;</p> + <p>A bouncing buck and a velvet chair,</p> + <p>Clement comes but once a year;</p> + <p>Off with the pot and on with the pan,</p> + <p>A good red apple and I'll begone."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>How the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be + at least three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's + service.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish + farther illustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in + Worcestershire, St. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the + patrons on these occasions.</p> + + <p class="author">G. E. T. S. R. N.</p> + + <p><i>New Year's Eve and New Year's Day.</i>—Another German custom + prevalent in Philadelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of + the old year and the arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As + soon as the sun sets the firing commences, and it is kept up all night + with every description of musket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called + "firing out the old year" and "firing in the new year."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Carlist Calembourg.</i>—The original of the French <i>jeu + d'esprit</i> in Vol. viii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated + in the <i>salons</i> about the middle of 1831:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri)."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>There was another also very popular:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> + + <p><i>Jewish Custom.</i>—In a recently published music-novel of + some merit, called <i>Charles Auchester</i>, occurs the following:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my + music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we + all are to Jehovah.' <i>'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say + Jehovah</i>; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt + to pronounce the "four-lettered" Name, and in reading and speaking always + use instead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most + part the same habit. The writer of <i>Charles Auchester</i> can only + defend himself by the example of the writer of <!-- Page 619 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page619"></a>{619}</span><i>Ivanhoe</i>, who has + made the same oversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making + Isaac the Jew wish his daughter had been called Benoni, <i>i.e.</i> the + <i>son</i> of sorrow. The vowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of + Adonai, inserted by the Massorites; but this is another subject.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Lachlan Macleane.</i>—This individual, whose claim to the + authorship of Junius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia + ninety-five years ago, and his name figures there in the accounts of the + overseers of the poor, under date of November 9, 1758:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid + by Laughlane M‘Clain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his + commissions and writing bond were deducted)</p> + + <p class="author">£24 : 5 : 0"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even + in that, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing + the bond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present + currency.</p> + + <p class="author">M. E.</p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>German Tree.</i>—The following extract concerning this + accessory to Christmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be + interesting at the present season. It is taken from the <i>Loseley + Manuscripts</i>, edited by A. J. Kempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline, + making what he termed a <i>Christmas tree</i> for a juvenile party at + that festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on + a board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, + &c.; and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by + figures of animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming + Christmas trees is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a + remain of the pageants constructed at that season in ancient days."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of + the farm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeus.</span></p> + + <p><i>The late Duke.</i>—The following curious coincidence, which + lately appeared in the <i>Meath Herald</i>, deserves transplanting to the + literary museum of "N. & Q.":</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by + property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke + spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by + being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the + old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On the + news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean Butler + caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory; and the + large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest in + Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it + suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes. Whether + this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret for the + great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it may appear + to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by Edmund Blood, + 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine bell commenced its + career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to sound at his death. The + parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast, and the old metal is to be + seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>THE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS.</h3> + + <p><i>A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings + of Shoemakers.</i></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The <span class="sc">Crispin</span> trade! What better trade can be?</p> + <p>Ancient and famous, independent, free!</p> + <p>No other trade a brighter claim can find;</p> + <p>No other trade display more share of mind!</p> + <p>No other calling prouder names can boast,—</p> + <p>In arms, in arts,—themselves a perfect host!</p> + <p>All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride;</p> + <p>To dare heroic, and in suffering tried!</p> + <p>But first and chief—and as such claims inspire—</p> + <p>Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire?</p> + <p><span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>! they who sought</p> + <p>Safety with us, and at the calling wrought:</p> + <p>Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast</p> + <p>Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the <i>last</i>!</p> + <p>Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread,</p> + <p>Make the <i>good fit</i>, and win their daily bread.</p> + <p>This was their strait and doing—this their doom;</p> + <p>They sought our shelter, and they found a home!</p> + <p>Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro,</p> + <p>Weary they came and hid them from the foe;</p> + <p>Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd,</p> + <p>Hunted from place to place, though still they held</p> + <p>Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw</p> + <p>The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Such is the story—so behaved our trade;</p> + <p>And then the Church its zealous homage paid,</p> + <p>And made their death-day holy, as we see</p> + <p>Still in the Calendar, and still to be!</p> + <p>And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim,</p> + <p>And proved him joyful at such lofty fame;</p> + <p>For theirs it was by more than blood allied,</p> + <p>Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died!</p> + <p>Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth—</p> + <p>They are not dead who suffer for the Truth!</p> + <p>The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart</p> + <p>In grateful duty ever plays its part,</p> + <p>Embalms their memory to all future time,</p> + <p>And thus, in love, still punishes the crime;</p> + <p>Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust,</p> + <p>The murder'd dead have retribution just!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> +<!-- Page 620 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page620"></a>{620}</span> + <p class="i1hg3">"Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong?</p> + <p>We hate the actors, and have hated long.</p> + <p>And where are they, the victims? Always here;</p> + <p>We feel their glory, and we hold it dear!</p> + <p>Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours,</p> + <p>And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours;</p> + <p>Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified!</p> + <p>Far o'er the earth—the Christianised—where'er</p> + <p>The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer,</p> + <p>The winds of heaven their memories tender waft,</p> + <p>Commix'd with all the sorceries of the <i>craft</i>.</p> + <p>The little leather artizan—the boy</p> + <p>To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy,</p> + <p>A thing to smile and look at, ere the day</p> + <p>Severer task will make it one of <i>pay</i></p> + <p>(A constant duty and a livelihood),—</p> + <p>He, the young Crispin, emulous and good,</p> + <p>Is told of the Prince Martyrs—sometimes Royal!</p> + <p>(The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal,</p> + <p>It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still,</p> + <p>Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.)</p> + <p>Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain,</p> + <p>The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain,</p> + <p>And farther still, across the Western Main.</p> + <p>There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true,</p> + <p>With things, as often is, of weight undue;</p> + <p>Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most,</p> + <p>To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast,</p> + <p>Now, as is wont, and ever to be given,</p> + <p>Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven!</p> + <p><span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>—they, the two,</p> + <p>Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one + current among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an + account in an old book called <i>The History of the Gentle Craft</i> (the + production, no doubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of + the tradition as received now by the British shoemaker. In the <i>Golden + Legende</i>, one of the earliest of our printed books, and in Alban + Butler's <i>Lives of the Saints</i>, as compiled from the Roman + Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of some pieces of ancient + tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers' chapel in the Cathedral of + Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one of the galleries of the + Louvre, is the like version as the one here given. The authority, too, of + the Church Calendar of England, even as it still remains after the + loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration that <span + class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span class="sc">Crispianus</span>, + brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian faith, and through that + chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a redoubted general and + the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some all-potent emperor. + In the Delony version—itself, in every probability, a borrowing + from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,—these things are + put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince <span + class="sc">Crispin</span> is assumed to have a wife or sister, one can + hardly tell which, in the person of a princess, the Princess <span + class="sc">Crispianus</span>, and who figures as the patron of the + women's branch of the shoemakers' art; <span class="sc">Crispin</span> + himself presiding over the coarser labour for the rougher sex. This + artifice, if not purely historical, is at least very excusable, because + so natural, seeing that the duplex principle has such an extensive range; + that even the feet themselves come into the world in pairs, and so shoes + must be produced after the same fashion—paired, as the shoemakers + have done by their adored <span class="sc">Crispin</span> and <span + class="sc">Crispianus</span>.</p> + + <p>It has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a + long time now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present + paragraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something, + which might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various + curious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and + therefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of + "N. & Q." helping his inquiries either through the medium of future + Numbers, or as might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. + Clements, bookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Davies Devlin.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Barrels Regiment.</i>—I suppose that to this regiment a song + refers which has for its burden,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And ten times a day whip the barrels,</p> + <p>And ten times a day whip the barrels,</p> + <p class="i12">Brave boys."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can + find this song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It + was probably written about the year 1747.</p> + + <p class="author">E. H.</p> + + <p><i>Okey the Regicide.</i>—I should be much obliged for any + information relative to the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the + regicide, executed April 19, 1662, O.S.</p> + + <p class="author">E. P. H.</p> + + <p class="address">Clapham.</p> + + <p><i>Lady Mason's Third Husband</i>.—Secretary Davison, in a + letter dated London, 23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, + requests this lady "to join with his honour her husband" in standing + sponsor with Sir Christopher Hatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, + born a few days before. Sir John Mason, second husband to Lady Mason, + died in 1566. Who then was "this honour," her third?</p> + + <p class="author">G. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Creation of Knights.</i>—When were the following knights + made?—Sir William Fleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, + Sir Edward <!-- Page 621 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page621"></a>{621}</span>de Carteret, Sir William + Armourer:—the first by Charles I.; the four following by Charles + II.</p> + + <p class="author">G. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Martyn the Regicide.</i>—Was Martyn the regicide married or + not? If married, is it known whether he had children? and if any of his + children settled in Ireland, and became possessed of property in that + country?</p> + + <p class="author">E. A. G.</p> + + <p><i>History of the Nonjurors.</i>—What are the best authorities + for the history of the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, + Lathbury, Hickes's <i>Life of Kettlewell</i>, &c. are well known. + Whence came their adopted motto: "Cætera quis nescit?" Any reader who + would communicate any information on these points to C. R. would confer a + favour.</p> + + <p class="author">C. R.</p> + + <p><i>Florin and the Royal Arms.</i>—What is the authority for + placing the national arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be + borne <i>quarterly</i> in ratification of the respective unions, and to + be borne under one imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely + cannot with any heraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was + remarked in the reign of the Georges, for by the separation of the coats + the arms of the German Dominions of George I. obtained the second place, + viz. the dexter side, with France on the sinister, and Ireland at the + bottom or fourth place.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mat o' the Mint.</span></p> + + <p><i>A Mistletoe Query.</i>—Why has mistletoe the privilege of + allowing the fair sex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that + a berry is plucked off at the time? And also, when was this first + allowed?<a name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Aston</span> (late of Trin. Col.)</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>This Query has been incidentally noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. v., + pp. 13. 208.—<span class="sc">Ed</span>.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Sewell Family</i> (Vol. viii., p. 521.).—Your correspondent + D. N. states, that "nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. + Sewell, who died in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath + Sewell, Cornet in 32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon + Guards." Had he referred to Lodge's <i>Peerage</i>, he would have found + that the Honorable Harriet Beresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. + Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop of Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married + Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry Bermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and + died June 11, 1834, having had three children, viz.:</p> + + <p>1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, + <i>circa</i> 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and + subsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal, + Aug. 1, 1836.</p> + + <p>2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in + October, 1828; and died in 1836.</p> + + <p>3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or + 1850.</p> + + <p>Will D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late + unfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke, + whom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death + occurred?</p> + + <p class="author">G. L. S.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has + kindly forwarded the following reply:</p> + + <p>"My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a + perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such + notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more + competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well supplied + the <i>cætera desunt</i>, where my information terminated with the + appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish) + Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is + inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the 32nd + Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is always + considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those Christian names + as correct.</p> + + <p>"There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a + brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons?</p> + + <p>"Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find, + in <i>The Globe</i> of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at + Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady + Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the + Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's <i>Surrey</i>, + vol. iii. p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in + his fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the + son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's <i>Sussex</i>, 4to., + 1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most + probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above + Twyford Lodge.</p> + + <p>"I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S. + respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually + searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev. + H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one + that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some years + since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that he had + died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the <i>Annual + Register</i>, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (<i>Chronicle</i>), p. 218., which + states that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty + information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a + work entitled <i>The Georgian Æra</i>, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he + will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short <i>military</i> memoir of + Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly written, + and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result of his + military operations. There is one slight error in the account of <i>The + Georgian Æra</i>, viz. in the date of the <!-- Page 622 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page622"></a>{622}</span><i>first</i> + appointment of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears + in the <i>London Gazette</i>, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs + thus: '14th Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign <i>vice</i> + Day."—I trust some reader of "N. & Q." will furnish us with the + dates of the birth and death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying + when they took place, as desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of + deficient particulars in his history. + D. N."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Greek Epigram.</i>—In the <i>Bath Chronicle</i> of the 10th + of November last, I find the following advertisement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled + persons, at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very + grateful to any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for + the use of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case, + charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house of + God."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Surely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake + not, a Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred + years ago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, + refer me to the epigram?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Geo. E. Frere.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded + memory of our correspondent:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3"><span title="'PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISIDÔROU." class="grk">"ΦΙΛΙΠΠΟΥ, οἱ δε ΙΣΙΔΩΡΟΥ.</span></p> + <p><span title="Pêros ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de" class="grk">Πηρὸς ὁ μέν γυίοις, ὁ δ' ἄρ' ὄμμασιν· ἀμφότεροι δὲ</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Eis hautous to tuchês endees êranisan," class="grk">Εἰς αὑτοὺς τὸ τύχης ἐνδεὲς ἠράνισαν,</span></p> + <p><span title="Tuphlos gar lipoguion epômadion baros airôn," class="grk">Τυφλὸς γὰρ λιπόγυιον ἐπωμάδιον βάρος αἴρων,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Tais keinou phônais atrapon ôrthobatei," class="grk">Ταῖς κείνου φωναῖς ἀτραπὸν ὠρθοβατεῖ,</span></p> + <p><span title="Panta de taut' edidaxe pikrê pantolmos anankê," class="grk">Πάντα δὲ ταῦτ' ἐδίδαξε πικρὴ πάντολμος ἀνάγκη,</span></p> + <p class="i1"><span title="Allêlois merisai toullipes eis eleon.'" class="grk">Ἀλλήλοις μερίσαι τούλλιπὲς εἰς ἔλεον."</span></p> + <p class="i3"><i>Anthologia, in usum Scholæ Westmonast.</i>:</p> + <p class="i5">Oxon. 1724, p. 58.]</p> + </div> + </div> + +</div> + + <p><i>Translations from Æschylus.</i>—Whose translation of the + tragedies of Æschylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions + from the same? I ought to state that there is merely a line or two under + each plate, to explain the subject of each composition, and that my copy + is the unreduced size.</p> + + <p class="author">H.</p> + + <p class="address">Kingston-on-Thames.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of + Æschylus, 4to., 1777.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Prince Memnon's Sister.</i>—Who was Prince Memnon's sister, + alluded to by Milton in <i>Il Penseroso</i>?</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Dunster has the following note on this line:—"Prince Memnon's + sister; that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of + Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles. (See + Virg. <i>Æn.</i> <span class="scac">I.</span> 489., '<i>Nigri</i> + Memnonis arma.') It does not, however, appear that Memnon had any sister. + Tithonus, according to Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and + Emathion, <i>Theog.</i> 984. This lady is a creation of the poet."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>"Oh! for a blast," &c.</i>—Who was the author of the + couplet—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh! for a blast of that dread horn,</p> + <p>On Fontarabian echoes borne?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. J. Dunkin.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The lines—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"O for the voice of that wild horn,</p> + <p>On Fontarabia's echoes borne,</p> + <p class="i3">The dying hero's call,"—</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the + horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his + waste-book in search of <i>Reports outward and inward</i>—Corn + Debentures, &c. See <i>Rob Roy</i>, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Robin Hood's Festival.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + refer me to a good account of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so + popular with our ancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come + to hear him preach on that day?</p> + + <p>In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in + the first volume of the <i>Archæologia</i>, there is an entry in 1566 of + the sum of 18<i>d.</i> paid for "setting up Robin Hood's Bower."</p> + + <p class="author">R. W. B.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding + days of May is given in <i>Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient + Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw</i>; [by + Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp. + xcvii—cx. Consult also <i>A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode</i>, by John + Matthew Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60—64.; and George Soane's <i>New + Curiosities of Literature</i>, vol. i. pp. 231—236.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Church in Suffolk.</i>—In restoring a church in Suffolk, + apparently of the date of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls + were found full of Norman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. + Will you kindly give me a list of the works where I may be likely to find + an account of this original church? Davy and Jermyn's <i>Suffolk</i>, in + the British Museum, says nothing about it. The two Norman doors are + universally admired, and the church is now Norman still throughout. In + the reconstruction of about 1100, the two doors do not seem to have been + in any way restored or meddled with.</p> + + <p class="author">G. L.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church + either in Suckling's <i>Antiquities of Suffolk</i>, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's + <i>History of Suffolk</i> (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's + Collections for a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. + MSS. 8168—8196.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 623 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page623"></a>{623}</span></p> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>CHILDREN CALLED IMPS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 443.)</p> + + <p>"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron + of Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto + Ambrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince + John, late Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John + Grey, Vicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse + of Shrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of + Warr: Sir Richard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, + but of farr greater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto + everlasting life in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th + of July, in the yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the + happy raine of the most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, + and in this place layd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of + the generall resurrection."—<i>Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, + Warwick.</i></p> + + <p class="author">H. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Warwick.</p> + + <p>An inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of + the same period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by <span class="sc">Mr. + Brooks</span>), contains also the word <i>imp</i>. The tomb at Besford is + a most singular one, consisting of two large folding doors fixed against + the wall, their panels and the interior being painted over with figures + and inscriptions. From the latter, which are of some length, the + following extracts will be sufficient to illustrate the subject:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"An <i>impe</i> entombed heere doth lie."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"... elder ... from Christ to straie,</p> + <p>When such an <i>impe</i> foreshewes the waie."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The old poetical word <i>sugared</i>, "Noe sugred word," occurs in the + inscription.</p> + + <p>The "impe" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged + 15 years, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), + was also erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells + appear to have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two + following lines are a part of one of the inscriptions:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made,</p> + <p>Knowne to descende of gentle race."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Nash, in his <i>History of Worcestershire</i>, makes mention of this + singular monument, but is anything but correct in giving its + inscriptions.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B. A.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">T. W. D. Brooks</span> will find this word used by + some modern authors to denote a child. In <i>Moral and Sacred Poetry</i>, + selected and arranged by the Rev. T. Willcocks and the Rev. T. Horton + (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at p. 254. a piece by Baillie, + addressed "To a Child," the first line of which runs thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whose <i>imp</i> art thou, with dimpled cheek?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a + gipsy are called <i>imps</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. N. Keys</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Plymouth.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE DIVINING ROD.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.)</p> + + <p>The inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a + friend on the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your + readers as an answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your + excellent work. You may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts + stated.</p> + + <p class="author">J. A. H.</p> + + <p>"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to + knavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of + witnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit + to the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, + may have abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very + strikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South + of the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining + rod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who + possess it in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of + the rod, when passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and + they who have it are quite unconscious of their capability until they are + made aware of it by experiment.</p> + + <p>"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the + shoots of the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the + extremities, with the angle projecting before him. When he came over the + spot beneath which the water flowed, the rod, which had before been + perfectly still, writhed about with considerable force, so that the + holder could not keep it in its former position; and he appealed to the + bystanders to notice that he had made no motion to produce this effect, + and used every effort to prevent it. The operation was several times + repeated with the same result, and each time under the close inspection + of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous, observers. Forks of any kind + of green wood served equally well, but those of dead wood had no effect. + The experimentor had discovered water, in several instances, in the same + parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware of his capability till he was + requested by his landlord to try. The operator had the reputation of a + perfectly honest man, whose word might be safely <!-- Page 624 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page624"></a>{624}</span>trusted, and who was + incapable of attempting to deceive any one—as indeed appeared by + his open and ingenuous manner and conversation on this occasion. He was a + farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So general is the conviction + of the efficacy of the divining rod in discovering both water and the + ores of calamine or zinc all over the Mendip, that the people are quite + astonished when any doubt is expressed about it. The late Dr. Hutton + wrote against the pretension, as one of many instances of deception + founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a lady of quality, who + herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and gave him experimental + proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water was discoverable by + that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly acknowledged.</p> + + <p>"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could, + however, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many + years ago to our friend ——, of what I have now only briefly + stated. That letter was treated by certain scientific friends of his with + contempt; but when I afterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go + down to Somerset to see it himself; but alas! he did not live to carry + his intention into effect."</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, +ETC.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.)</p> + + <p>Very hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from <span + class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> ingenious suggestion of a change of + meaning in the proverb "Tread on a worm and it will turn." I support my + dissent, however, by the following lines from Shakspeare:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting?</p> + <p>Not he that sets his foot upon her back.</p> + <p>The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on;</p> + <p>And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood."</p> + <p class="i2">Third Part of <i>King Henry VI.</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>King Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God!</p> + + <p>Clifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, + and doves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is + clear that Shakspeare uses the word <i>worm</i> as meaning, not a + venomous serpent, but the most defenceless of reptiles.</p> + + <p>Again, I do not think that <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley's</span> + quotation from Schiller's <i>Wallenstein's Tod</i> supports his view. I + am not a German scholar, but I find that the translator of + <i>Wallenstein's Tod</i> (I believe Lord Ellesmere) has translated or + paraphrased the lines quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. Keightley</span> as + follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But nature gave the very worm a sting,</p> + <p>When trampled on by man, to turn again."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that "wurm" + should be understood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous + serpent.</p> + + <p>It seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the + lines in question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I + consider them as parallel passages.</p> + + <p>It may not be irrelevant to observe that <i>worm</i> in some places + still means a serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as + "hag-worm" in Westmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in + the latter "slow-worm" means a species of small snake or viper found on + some of the moors. (For "slow-worm," see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., pp. + 33. and 479.) I have been told that "blind-worm" in Surrey means a viper. + I conclude with a Query, Does <i>Wurm</i> in modern German ever mean a + serpent?</p> + + <p class="author">F. W. J.</p> + + <p>"To put a spoke in one's wheel," is not singular in its <i>double + entendre</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). "There is no love lost + between them" is in a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being + lost between A. and B., when we would intimate that the warmth of their + mutual affection may be accurately represented by 32° Fahrenheit. That + this has not always been the meaning of the phrase, the following verse + from the old ballad of <i>The Children in the Wood</i> will testify:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Sore sick he was, and like to die,</p> + <p class="i1">No help that he could have;</p> + <p>His wife by him as sick did lie,</p> + <p class="i1">And both possess'd one grave.</p> + <p><i>No love between these two was lost</i>,</p> + <p class="i1">Each was to other kind;</p> + <p>In love they lived, in love they died,</p> + <p class="i1">And left two babes behind."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. Price.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Ives.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SNEEZING.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 366.)</p> + + <p>A collection of "facts, theories, and popular ideas" upon this subject + would fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may + interest your correspondent <span class="sc">Medicus</span>:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil."</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun."</p> + <p class="i1">Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's</p> + <p class="i2"><i>Common Place Book</i>, 3rd series, p. 303.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Here, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen.</p> + + <p>Ammianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never + heard it sneeze, and therefore never said <span title="Zeu sôson" class="grk" + >Ζεῦ σῶσον</span>, God + bless.—<i>Notes on the Variorum Plautus</i> (ed. Gronov., Lugd. + Bat.), p. 720. <!-- Page 625 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page625"></a>{625}</span></p> + + <p>Athenæus, says Potter in his <i>Archæologia Græca</i>, proves that the + head was esteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and + adore as holy the sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us + in express terms that sneezing was accounted a deity: "<span title="Ton Ptarmon theon hêgoumetha" class="grk" + >Τὸν Πταρμὸν + θεὸν + ἡγούμεθα</span>"—<i>Archæol. + Græc.</i> (5th ed.), p. 338.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut</p> + <p>Sternuisse a coitu abortivum."</p> + <p class="i1">Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius,</p> + <p class="i2"><i>Noct. Att.</i> <span class="scac">III</span>. xvi. 24.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Erasmus, in his <i>Colloquies</i>, bids one say to him who sneezes, + "Sit faustum ac felix," or "Servet te Deus," or "Sit salutiferum" or + "Bene vertat Deus."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Quare homines sternutant?</p> + + <p>"Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et + cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat + frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum."—<i>Aristotelis + Problemata</i>: Amstelodami, anno 1690.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Query whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of + sneezing, arose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the + sneezer?</p> + + <p>When Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three + beautiful captives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt + clear and bright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon + Euphrantides the soothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable + victory which was afterwards obtained by him, &c.</p> + + <p>There is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in + Homer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son + Telemachus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren" class="grk" + >Οὐχ ὁράας ὅ + μοι υἱὸς + ἐπέπταρεν</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Sneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the + alteration of circumstances—"<span title="Tôn ptarmôn hoi men eisin ôphelimoi, hoi de blaberoi" class="grk" + >Τῶν πταρμῶν + οἱ μὲν εἰσὶν + ὠφέλιμοι, οἱ + δὲ + βλαβεροί</span>," "Some + sneezes are profitable, others prejudicial"—according to the + scholiast upon the following passage of Theocritus, wherein he makes the + sneezing of the Cupids to have been an unfortunate omen to a certain + lover:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Simichida men erôtes epeptaron." class="grk" + >Σιμιχίδα μὲν + ἔρωτες + ἐπέπταρον.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>If any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it + was fortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate.</p> + + <p>If a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if + another happened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the + right hand, fortunate.</p> + + <p>If, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it + was a lucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, + the omen was neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and + dehorted them from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were + deliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze + together, it was a prosperous omen.—<i>Archæol. Græc.</i> (5th + ed.), pp. 339, 340.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Francis John Scott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tewkesbury.</p> + + <p>The custom your correspondent <span class="sc">Medicus</span> alludes + to, of wishing a person "good health," after sneezing, is also very + common in Russia. The phrases the Russians use on these occasions + are—"To your good health!" or "How do you do?"</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. A.</p> + + <p class="address">Old Broad Street.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.)</p> + + <p>To the list of these literary <i>auto da fé's</i> we may well add the + burning of Bishop Burnet's famous <i>Pastoral Letter</i>, which was + censured by the House of Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the + common hangman. The offence contained in it was the ascribing the title + of William III. to the crown of England to a right of conquest. A + recollection of this gives additional point to the irony of Atterbury in + attacking Wake:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends, + 'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any + ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from him.'... + His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no more by our + constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than he would if + he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his subjects; not + in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure is only that the + laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came over on purpose to + rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to maintain; and contemns + therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as would measure the extent + of his supremacy from the Conqueror's claim."—Atterbury's + <i>Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation</i>, pp. + 158—160.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Atterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently + administer one, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he + winces:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present + constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to + be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to + suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely," + &c.—The Bishop of Sarum's <i>Reflections on the Rights, Powers, + &c.</i>. p. 4.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p>The following, may come under the list wanted by <span + class="sc">Balliolensis</span>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high + court of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for + declaring England a <!-- Page 626 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page626"></a>{626}</span>Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by + the hands of the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this + occasion."—From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p. + 762.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On a copy of <i>La Défense de la Réformation, &c</i>., par I. + Claude, à La Haye, 1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as + a striking passage, but cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This + book was condemned by the Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the + editor of an old edition of it very appositely observes:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and + are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church + of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper. The + truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched by + the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the + footstool of the God of Truth."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">G. N.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>JEWS IN CHINA.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 515.)</p> + + <p>The only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the + Spomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they + acknowledge as sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other + books held sacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not + written in the same ancient alphabetic character as those of the + Samaritan Pentateuch. The ten tribes were then taken captive <span + class="scac">B.C</span>. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24—41.). The inference + is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi inclusive, had + not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after that date. + The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are + descended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the + Pentateuch <i>alone</i> as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the + ancient Hebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee + one, as in our printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung + Foo, in Honan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, + constituting the text of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation + <i>subsequent</i> to the closing of the Jewish canon; the quotations from + the books following those of Moses being constantly in use therein. III. + On Gozani mentioning Jesus the Messiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a + knowledge of Jesus the son of Sirach. As, however, the book of the + last-named writer is unknown in Hebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that + language, may have mistaken him for Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with + which book the Chinese Jew was acquainted.<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> In either case, <i>more</i> books + than the Pentateuch were undoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; + therefore the connexion with the ten tribes (house of Israel), as + distinct from the house of Judah (the Jews properly so called), cannot be + inferred. The authorities for the Samaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, + Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer, Schnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern + Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh, Basnage, Büsching; Fathers Ricci, + Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the <i>Lettres édifiantes et + curieuses</i>, vol. xviii.; and the <i>Chinese Repository</i>, vol. i. + pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175.</p> + + <p>Circumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the + south and east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish + descent, unless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. + Besides the physiological characteristics of the native Australians + preclude us from deducing their natural descent from either the + <i>Jews</i> or the ten tribes.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T.J. Buckton</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son of Sadta, + which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,—the Chinese + pronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for + instance, the letters <i>b</i>, <i>r</i>, <i>th</i>, naming them + respectively <i>p</i>, <i>l</i>, <i>z</i>.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.)</p> + + <p>I made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in + one of Mr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to <i>The Illustrated London News</i> + (Dec. 27, 1851). I here transcribe it to add to <span class="sc">Mr. + Warde's</span> collection:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in + front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,<a + name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a> near Stilton, + Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic Folkesworth + folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the Stilton + vernacular) 'quite the cheese:'</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1">[A rude figure of a Fox.]</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX</p> + <p>YOU . SEE . THER . HIS</p> + <p>NO . HARME . ATCHED</p> + <p>TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS.</p> + <p>WISH . TO . PLACE . ME</p> + <p>HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO</p> + <p>HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this + inscription, and conjectures its meaning to be as follows:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'I am a cunning fox, you see;</p> + <p>There is no harm attach'd to me;</p> + <p>It is my master's wish to place me here,</p> + <p>To let you know he sells good beer.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross Barracks, + that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide + <i>Lavengro</i>.)</p> + +</div> +<p><!-- Page 627 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page627"></a>{627}</span></p> + + <p>Bradford:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who lives here? who do you think?</p> + <p>Major Lister: give him a drink.</p> + <p>Give him a drink—for why?</p> + <p>Because, when he's sweeping,</p> + <p class="i1">He's always dry."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Thompson doth live here,</p> + <p>He sweeps your chimney not too dear.</p> + <p>And if your chimney should get on fire,</p> + <p>He puts it out at your desire.</p> + <p>Sweep that chimney clean,</p> + <p>And then come down and drink."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by + sweeps.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Call here, my boy, if you are dry.</p> + <p>The fault's in you, and not in I.</p> + <p>If Robin Hood from home is gone,</p> + <p>Step in and drink with Little John."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The name of the public-house is "The Robin Hood."</p> + + <p>Over another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief + sentence:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Tobacco given away to-morrow."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Charles Willison.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bradford, Yorkshire.</p> + + <p>A sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a + rabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six + miles from the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some + considerable time since. It ran thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"John Roberts lives here,</p> + <p>Sells brandy and beer,</p> + <p>Your spirits to cheer;</p> + <p>And should you want meat,</p> + <p>To make up the treat,</p> + <p>There be rabbits to eat."</p> + <p class="i2">(A verbatim copy.)</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>A swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of + Dartmoor could once boast of like following quaint invitations.</p> + + <p>The side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, + underneath a rude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the + following rude couplet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Before the wild moor you venture to pass,</p> + <p>Pray step within and take a glass."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured + daub representing a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly + band of jolly fellows, read thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over,</p> + <p>Do stop a while, your spirits to recover."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Over the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or + High Street, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid + disinterested piece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by + the spread of a gigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the + house:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Keep within compass,</p> + <p class="i1">And then you'll be sure,</p> + <p>To avoid many troubles,</p> + <p class="i1">That others endure."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished + that the jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of + resort, would profit by its wise counsel.</p> + + <p class="author">H. H. H.</p> + + <p>There is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in + Essex, a sign-board in front of the "Queen Victoria" (only a beer-house + by the way), with these lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"The Queen some day,</p> + <p class="i1">May pass this way,</p> + <p>And see our Tom and Jerry;</p> + <p class="i1">Perhaps she'll stop,</p> + <p class="i1">And stand a drop,</p> + <p>To make her subjects merry."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>On the other side are some different lines, which I forget.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span></p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>1. At Overseal, Leicestershire:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Robin Hood is</p> + <p>Dead and gone:</p> + <p>Pray call, and drink</p> + <p>With Little John."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>2. The sign of "The Bee Hive," in Birmingham and other places:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Within this Hive, we're all alive,</p> + <p class="i1">Good liquor makes us funny:</p> + <p>If you are dry, step in and try,</p> + <p class="i1">The flavour of our honey."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>3. The sign of "The Gate" (of frequent occurrence):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The Gate hangs well,</p> + <p class="i1">And hinders none;</p> + <p>Refresh and pay,</p> + <p class="i1">And travel on."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Nantwich.</p> + + <p>In King Street, Norwich, at the sign of "The Waterman," kept by a man + who is a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Roam not from pole to pole,</p> + <p class="i1">But step in here;</p> + <p>Where nought exceeds the shaving,</p> + <p class="i1">But the beer."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J. L. S.</p> + + <p>There used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and + Borobridge (Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following + inscription; <!-- Page 628 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page628"></a>{628}</span>whether or not it is still in existence I + cannot say:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby,</p> + <p>Pray stop and drink before you go by."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">C. I. R.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE CURFEW.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>(Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp. + 53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the + annual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one + hour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a + thank-offering to God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a + person from destruction. This person had lost his way on his return from + Bridgenorth Fair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of + falling from a great height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused + him to retrace his steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell + is also rung at Kidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung + for many years past by "Blind William," who, notwithstanding his total + blindness, finds his way along the streets that lead from his house to + the church, and gains the belfry with the greatest ease. So well is he + acquainted with the path to church, that he may be seen to turn the + corners of the streets in as decided a manner as if his wide-open eyes + were endowed with sight; and, with similar facility, he unlocks the gates + and church doors. It is curious to see him on the dark winter evenings, + apparently guiding his steps by the light of a lanthorn, which he + probably carries in order to prevent careless people, who are blessed + with sight, from running against him. Like most (if not all) blind + people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will quickly reproduce + on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At this present + festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of its component + parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to the harmony + of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he promenades + the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all the + music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be + considered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for + he warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary + "waits" have taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when + Christmas Day is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for + the Christmas-box which is to be the reward of his "early + minstrelsy."</p> + + <p>The curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire.</p> + + <p>At Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at + nine o'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the + University of Durham as "Tom" is to the students of the University of + Oxford, viz. it marks the closing of the college gates.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> + + <p><i>Photographic Engraving.</i>—I inclose a copy of a little book + for your inspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the + illustrations are produced by photography. The general theory of the + method is this: a piece of glass is covered with a uniform thin coating + of some substance, so as to be opaque or semi-opaque (the substance + should be light coloured), and a design is etched on it with a needle. + From this <i>negative</i> positive pictures are printed + photographically.</p> + + <p>As to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) + are from a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, + exposed to faint light for a short time and developed. In this method, + the glass should be heated; and the collodion <i>burnished</i> with the + hand, to make it adhere well.<a name="footnotetag5" + href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a> The owl (p. 22.) and the stork + (p. 10.) are from a glass coated with iodized collodion "rendered + sensitive" only, and not developed so as to be only semi-opaque. On this + high lights were put with opaque white, and darks were etched out. This + has the effect of a tinted lithograph, but requires much more care in + printing than the former method, in order to hit the right tint; so much + so, that I have usually printed the stork faintly so as not to show the + "tint" at all. The frontispiece is from a paper negative, a method much + more troublesome and tedious than either of the others, both in + preparation of the negative and in printing.</p> + + <p>I have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, + were it not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I + prepared a negative by painting whites with water colour on transparent + glass with moderate success.</p> + + <p>I have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative + on smoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I + have tried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier + than any species of engraving.</p> + + <p>Query, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the + cost of printing on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, + &c.; in which must be included the cost of the skilled workman which + will be saved by this method?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hugh Blackburn.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[When we add that the work referred to is an edition of <i>The History + of Little Downey</i>, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and + printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number of + copies may be had on application to Messrs. <!-- Page 629 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page629"></a>{629}</span>Constable and Co. of + Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged School, + we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure copies, and + help to forward the good work which its publication is intended to + promote.]</p> + +</div> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p>This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who indeed + prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Collodion Negatives.</i>—Allow me to communicate a sure and + simple way of darkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to + me by a friend of mine; and not having seen it in your "N. & Q.," I + have undertaken to lay it before your readers, hoping that it may be + found useful to many beginners.</p> + + <p>After having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate + of iron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep + it on one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three + parts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a + nitrate of silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix + together, and pour on the plate. The picture will gradually begin to + blacken; and after half an hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient + density for printing a positive on paper.</p> + + <p>Every one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. + Of all the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not + excepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate + of ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. + Just try it, and you will be glad with the result.</p> + + <p class="author">F. M. (a Maltese.)</p> + + <p class="address">Malta, Valetta.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p>"<i>London Labour and the London Poor</i>" (Vol. viii., p. + 527.).—I beg to inform <span class="sc">Mr. Gantillon</span> that + the above work is discontinued. The parts entitled "Those that will work" + and "Those that cannot work" have been completed, and form a valuable + book; but the discontinuance of the third part is no loss at all, for in + commencing upon "Those that will not work," Mr. Mayhew began with a + history of prostitution in ancient and modern times, a subject which did + not possess the novelty or originality of his other divisions, and + consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was forced first to + raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue altogether, the + publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to treating the London + prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would have been + completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopædia of London + Labour and the London Poor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arthur C. Wilson.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Brompton.</p> + + <p><i>Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 407.).—Your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Weld Taylor</span> + seems to possess the first rude draught of the following beautiful piece + by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin Call," a duet sung by Miss A. + Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. + Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, Mrs. Aveling Smith + and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza Birch, Miss Turner + and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet,</p> + <p>Come to the dingles where fairies meet;</p> + <p>Know that the lilies have spread their bells</p> + <p>O'er all the pools in our forest dells;</p> + <p>Come away, under arching bows we'll float,</p> + <p>Making each urn a fairy boat;</p> + <p>We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free,</p> + <p>And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be.</p> + <p>And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low,</p> + <p>It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow;</p> + <p>As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh,</p> + <p>Or water-drops train'd into melody,</p> + <p>And a star from the depth of each pearly cup,</p> + <p>A golden star into heav'n looks up,</p> + <p>As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie,</p> + <p>Set in the blue of the summer sky."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Yeowell.</span></p> + + <p><i>Sir Arthur Aston</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).—Though + unable to inform <span class="sc">Chartham</span> and <span class="sc">A + Reader</span> in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier resided + during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can state the + connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston families: I + believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related."</p> + + <p>Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary + Fitzalan, had Philip (<i>jure matris</i>), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 + attainted, and was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This + last was father of Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of + Greystock Castle, who married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of + George Tattersall, of West Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. + Wilts.</p> + + <p>Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke + of Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of + Worksop) of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of + Forfar, in Scotland.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + + <p>I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the <i>Gentleman's + Magazine</i> in 1833 or 1834.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p> + + <p><i>Grammar in relation to Logic</i> (Vol. viii., p. 514).—<span + class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> evidently has but a superficial view of + this doctrine, which is not only Dr. Latham's, but one, I apprehend, + pretty well known to every Oxford undergraduate, viz. that, logically, + <i>conjunctions connect propositions, not words</i>. By way of proving + the falsity of it (which he says is demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham + "resolve this sentence: <i>All men are either two-legged, one-legged, or + no-legged</i>:" and adds, "It cannot be done." I may inform him that the + three categorical propositions, "A man is two-legged, or he is <!-- Page + 630 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page630"></a>{630}</span>one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected + by their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the + disjunctive proposition which he instances.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Ingleby</span> quotes Boole's <i>Mathematical (?) + Analysis of Logic</i> in support of his opinion; but, from the following + specimen of that work, it does not appear to be much of an authority. The + author says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, + cannot be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal + is irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to + hypotheticals."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the + proposition in question can be resolved into—An animal is rational + or it is irrational. Again, "the former does <i>not</i> belong to pure + categoricals," it is simply disjunctive. <span class="sc">Mr. + Ingleby</span> falls into the same error, and moreover seems not to be + aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the same time + hypothetical.</p> + + <p>Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, + strictly, connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect + words, may be true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and + loose mode of stating the matter.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p class="address">——Rectory, Hereford.</p> + + <p><i>Descendants of Milton</i> (Vol. viii., p. 339.).—I have in + the course of my life met with or heard of more than once or twice, + people of the same names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no + way related to each other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your + correspondent J. F. M. that about twenty years ago there was living the + skipper of a coasting vessel, trading between Bridport and London, named + Caleb Clark. He or his family are probably living at Bridport now.</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Alpha" class="grk">Αλφα</span>.</p> + + <p><i>Pronunciation of Bible Names</i> (Vol. viii., p. 469.).—The + clerk of a retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first + lesson always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and + as the names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, + after getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid + gentlemen" afterwards.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Collyns.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Harlow.</p> + + <p><i>Henry I.'s Tomb</i> (Vol. viii., p. 411.).—I fancy that the + much mooted question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the + remains of King Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by + referring to Tanner's <i>Notitia Monastica</i>, edit. 1744, in the second + column of p. 15.: where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King + Henry I. had once existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and + that, in the time of King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required + to repair both the tomb and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was + there buried, within the space of one year, as the condition on which the + charters were to be confirmed:</p> + + <p>"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 + Ric. II. p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, + modo Abbas infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem <i>R. + Henrici</i> Fundatoris, ibidem humati."</p> + + <p class="author">I. T. A.</p> + + <p><i>Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed</i> (Vol. viii., p. 292.): <i>Chandler, + Bishop of Durham</i> (Vol. viii, p. 331.).—I may perhaps "kill two + birds with one stone," by reminding <span class="sc">Messrs. Gatty</span> + and <span class="sc">Newburn</span> that the Bishops of Durham were + formerly <i>Princes of the Palatinate</i>. It was probably in that + capacity that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and + Bishop Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, + I believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Hazel.</span></p> + + <p><i>Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI.</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 469.).—The return of 12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's + <i>Worthies</i>, under each county.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p> + + <p>I read in Fuller's <i>Worthies</i>, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end + of the reign of King Henry VIII."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Does this list exist in any of our record offices?</p> + + <p>And has it ever been printed?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Peter Allan</i> (Vol. viii., p. 539.).—Your correspondent + E. C. will find much interesting information respecting this person in an + account of him reprinted from the <i>Sunderland and Durham County + Herald</i>, and published (1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the + title of <i>Marsden Rock, or the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine + Grotto</i>. He, his wife, eight children, and aged father and mother, are + there described as being in a very flourishing condition: and (if I + remember rightly) I saw them all, when I last visited the rock in + 1850.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>, B.A.</p> + + <p><i>Burial in an Erect Posture</i> (Vol. viii., p. 5.).—The + following passage, which I quote from Hearne's <i>Collection of + Antiquarian Discourses</i>, vol. i. p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable + to <span class="sc">Cheverells</span>, as showing (on traditional + authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in the case of + captains in the army:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that + when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used to + take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet <i>uprighte</i>, and put his + <!-- Page 631 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page631"></a>{631}</span>launce or pike into his hand; and then his + fellowe souldyers did by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and + laye aboute him as should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his + pike."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners + and customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of + burial. In one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright + posture, perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and + another, one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a + kind of sentry-box.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliott.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Clifton.</p> + + <p><i>The Word "Mob"</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).—Roger + North, speaking of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a + more visible administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship + (Shaftsbury) and the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the + immediate tools," says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called + <i>the mob</i>, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of + burthen, and called first <i>mobile vulgus</i>, but fell naturally into + the contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper + English."—<i>Examen</i>, part <span class="scac">III.</span> ch. + vii. p. 89.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Gardiner.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gen. Sir C. Napier</i> (Vol. viii., p. 490.).—I may state, + for the instruction of officers who think study needless in their + profession, that, having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier + for some time before he had the command in the midland district of + England, I constantly found him engaged in inquiries connected with his + profession. He was always in training. Not long before this time he had + returned from Caen, in Normandy, and he told me that when there he had + surveyed the ground on which William the Conqueror had acquired military + fame before he made his descent on England, and his conclusion was that + that Conqueror was remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of + war. He expressed his intention to write on this subject; but great + events soon afterwards called him to India, which became the scene of his + own mastery in military and civil command.</p> + + <p class="author">T. F.</p> + + <p><i>To Come</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—In the Lower Saxon + dialect, to come is <i>camen</i>, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, + <i>quam</i>. It would therefore seem that the English <i>came</i> is not + an innovation, but a partial restoration or preservation of a very + ancient form. (See Adelung's <i>Wörterbuch</i>.)</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. H.</p> + + <p><i>Passage in Sophocles</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).—The + Italics were introduced to draw attention to the <i>new</i> version which + was adventured, "N. & Q." being an excellent medium for such + suggestions.</p> + + <p>Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and + the old scholiast having furnished this saying,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hotan d' ho daimôn andri porsunêi kaka" class="grk">Ὅταν δ' ὁ δαίμων ἀνδρὶ πορσύνῃ κακὰ</span></p> + <p><span title="Ton noun eblapse prôton hôi bouleuetai" class="grk">Τὸν νοῦν ἔβλαψε πρῶτον ᾧ βουλεύεται</span>,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted + to suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it + appeared that—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span title="hôi bouleuetai prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas" class="grk">ᾧ βουλεύεται = πράσσει δ' ὀλιγοστὸν χρόνον ἐκτὸς ἄτας</span>;</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he + lives for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I + submit, from the adoption of Brunck's reading <span title="prassein" class="grk" + >πράσσειν</span>, instead of + reading, as I venture to do, with Hermann, <span title="theos agei ... prassei d'" class="grk" + >θεὸς ἄγει ... + πράσσει δ'</span>, taking + <span title="theos" class="grk">θεὸς</span> + as the nominative of both verbs.</p> + + <p>Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders + <span title="oligoston" class="grk" + >ὀλιγοστον</span> + "<i>very</i> brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast to + the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from + <span title="prassô" class="grk" + >πράσσω</span>, to act, through <span + title="pragma" class="grk">πράγμα</span>, + business, and <span title="praxis" class="grk" + >πρᾶξις</span>, practice, and is therefore + the most appropriate English word, although the word "does" will furnish + Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I shall, however, be most happy to + submit to correction by any classical scholar.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + + <p><i>Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 485.).—I must beg of you to contradict the loose statement of <span + class="sc">Jarltzberg</span> at p. 486. of this Volume, "as to the object + of the Church of England in <i>separating from</i> Rome." Now, the Church + of England did never <i>separate herself</i> from <i>any</i> Christian + Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England is to be + found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and Pius IV. offered + to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge the Pope's + supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually conformed to + the worship of the Church of England for the first <i>twelve years</i> of + Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented from doing + so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which excommunicated + that sovereign.</p> + + <p>So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Collis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Judges styled Reverend</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. + 351.).—Sir Anthony Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet + in <i>A Letter to a Convocation Man</i> I find him so styled:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + <i>Abridgment</i>, that the Archbishop of Canterbury <!-- Page 632 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page632"></a>{632}</span>was prohibited + to hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, + and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for a + law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite + him."—<i>L. C. M.</i>, p. 38.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's + <i>Abridgment of Cases</i>, or Speed's <i>History of Great Britain</i>, + but I am not able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s + convocations allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that + Fitzherbert must be a misprint, and that we should read in the above + passage "Fitz-Peter," and that the following is the circumstance, in King + John's reign, which is referred to by the author of the + <i>Letter</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National + Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey + Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of + England."—Collier's <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, vol. i. folio, + p. 410.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the + passage.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Veneration for the Oak</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—Since my + Query upon this matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon + <i>Nineveh and Babylon</i>, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green + felspar, which he believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and + upon which is engraved a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a + sacred tree, whose flowers are in this instance in the shape of an + <i>acorn</i>. Whence did the Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree + bearing acorns? Did they derive this notion, as they did their tin, from + Celtic Britain? I believe they did.</p> + + <p class="author">G. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Stansted, Montfichet.</p> + + <p><i>Rapping no Novelty</i> (Vol. viii., p. 512.).—De Foe, in his + veracious <i>History of Mr. Duncan Campbell</i> (2nd ed., p. 107.), + quotes a story of sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. + Baxter's <i>History of Apparitions</i>, prefacing it thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ + himself in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a + man who got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are + ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, + that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to call + in question."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding + many pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to + think what kind of spirit this is."</p> + + <p class="author">R. I. R.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</p> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. H. More's Philosophical Works.</span> Lond. 1662. + Folio.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hircher's Musurgia Universalis.</span> Romæ, 1650. 2 + Toms. in 1. Folio.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>J. G.</i>, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, Dublin.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Ormerod's Cheshire.</span> Parts II. and X. Small + Paper.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hemmingway's Chester.</span> Parts I. and III. Large + Paper.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>T. Hughes</i>, 13. Paradise Row, Chester.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Aaron Hill's Plain Dealer.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Edinburgh Miscellany.</span> Edinb. 1720.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici.</span> 3 Tom. Folio. + Romæ, 1728-37.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Bible</span> in Shorthand, according to the + method of Mr. James Weston, whose Shorthand Prayer Book was published in + the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, + 1687, would be given in exchange.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, De Latrociniis, quæ in Scriptores Publicos + solent committere hæretici.</span> 4to. Vitemb. 1674.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, Acta Reformationis.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Schramm, Dissert. de Librorum Prohibitorum + Indicibus.</span> 4to. Helmst. 1708.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jamesii Specimen Corruptelarum Pontific.</span> 4to. + Lond. 1626.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Macedo, Diatribe de Cardinalis Bonæ + Erronibus.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. Richard Gibbings</i>, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><span class="sc">A Merry Christmas to you all, Gentle Readers!</span> + <i>We trust that, in presenting you this week with the curious collection + of</i> <span class="sc">Folk Lore</span> <i>articles which is now before + you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">A Merry Christmas to you all, kind Friends and + Correspondents!</span> <i>and</i> <span class="sc">Thanks to you for your + valuable Co-operation.</span> <i>May your Christmas logs burn brightly on + your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at this "so + hallowed and so gracious time!"</i></p> + + <p><i>Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as + circumstances will admit by including within its pages, as far as + practicable, all Answers to the Queries which have been propounded in it, + we have this week omitted our usual</i> <span class="sc">Notes on + Books</span>, &c. <i>for the purpose of making room for the + numerous</i> <span class="sc">Replies</span> <i>which we have in + type.</i></p> + + <p>E. C. H. <i>Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are + many difficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of + being enabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, + which we think will be time enough.</i></p> + + <p>W. E. (Pimperne). <i>Your note has been forwarded.</i></p> + + <p>G. C.<i>'s Reply to</i> <span class="sc">Serviens</span> <i>will + appear next week; his Query in the new Volume.</i></p> + + <p>J. D. L. (Bristol). <i>The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were + found nailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth.</i></p> + + <p>E. H. D. D.<i>'s wishes shall be attended to in our next.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Photographer.</span> <i>Your complaint of the + shortness of the notice of the proposed Exhibition is one we have heard + from several quarters. Many will consequently be prevented sending in + pictures for exhibition by the impossibility of printing them during the + present unfavourable weather.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Index to Volume the Eighth.</span>—<i>This is + in a very forward state, and will, we trust, be ready for delivery + with</i> <span class="sc">No. 221.</span> <i>on the 21st of + January.</i></p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—Vol. viii., p. 590., for "not in the New + Testament" read "or of the New Testament;" and for "read this with an + accent on the antepenultima" read "read this with an accent on the + penultima."</p> + + <p><span class="sc">"Notes and Queries"</span> <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 633 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page633"></a>{633}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; +or 30<i>s.</i> bound,</p> + + <p>PARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. 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By AGNES STRICKLAND.</p> + + <p>This NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN, + engraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late + Improvements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY + VOLUMES POST OCTAVO; containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only + 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per volume, handsomely bound; and those who may + desire to obtain Copies on the Day of Publication, are requested to send + their Orders immediately to their respective Booksellers.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, + 13. Great Marlborough Street, London; and to be had of all + Booksellers.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAMBERS'S JOURNAL of +POPULAR LITERATURE, SCIENCE, +AND ARTS.</p> + + <p>The Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL, will close with No. + 523. on December 31, and the First Number of a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">NEW PERIODICAL,</p> + + <p>with the above title, will be issued on Saturday, 7th January, 1854. + Resembling the existing Work in its external form, the new one will + exhibit such fresh features as will afford, it is hoped, a pledge of the + wishes of MESSRS. CHAMBERS to adapt their efforts to the improving tastes + of the age. In particular there will be presented a higher class of + Fiction, commencing with a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">TALE OF MODERN LIFE,</p> + + <p>by MR. LEITCH RITCHIE, which will be continued in weekly chapters till + completed; also a</p> + +<p class="cenhead">MONTHLY REVIEW OF THE LIBRARY +AND STUDIO,</p> + + <p>in addition to a Monthly Record, still more carefully drawn up than + formerly, of the</p> + +<p class="cenhead">PROGRESS OF SCIENCE AND THE +USEFUL ARTS.</p> + + <p>Among expected contributions of importance, may be mentioned a series + of Articles on</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THINGS AS THEY ARE IN AMERICA,</p> + + <p>by MR. WILLIAM CHAMBERS, who is at present travelling in the United + States and Canada, for the purpose of personal inquiry observation.</p> + + <p>It will be the constant study of the Editors to maintain in the New + Work all those general features which for Twenty-two Years have given + their Journal its extensive popularity—a cheerful Light Literature, + comprehensive Information, sound Ethics, and enlightened views of a + Progressive Social Economy, without the admixture of controversial matter + of any kind.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Issued in Weekly Numbers, at 1½<i>d.</i></p> + <p>———— Monthly Parts. at 7<i>d.</i> and 8½<i>d.</i></p> + <p>———— Half-yearly Volumes. at 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The Second Series of CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL will form complete + work, in Twenty Handsome Volumes, well adapted for Popular as well as + Private Libraries, for Emigrants, and for Presents; price 3<i>l.</i> + 7<i>s.</i> in sheets, or 4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> bound in cloth. Price of + each volume separately, in cloth, 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Published by W.& R. CHAMBERS, 3. Bride Passage, Fleet Street, + London. and 339. High Street. Edinburgh; J. M‘GLASHAN, Dublin; H. + CAMPBELL, Glasgow; and all Booksellers.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, 3 vols. +10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE HEIR OF REDCLYFFE. By the Author of "Henrietta's Wish," "The Kings + of England," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON. +West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">NEW AND COMPLETE EDITION OF +MR. BURKE'S WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">In 8 vols. 8vo., price 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE WORKS AND CORRESPONDENCE +OF THE RIGHT HON. +EDMUND BURKE.</p> + + <p>This Edition contains.—1. MR. BURKE'S CORRESPONDENCE between the + year 1744 and his decease in 1797 (first Published from the original MSS. + in 1844, by Earl Fitswilliam and Sir Richard Bourke), containing numerous + Historical and Biographical Notes and original Letters from the leading + Statesmen of the period, and forming an Autobiography of this celebrated + Writer.—2. The WORKS of MR. BURKE, as edited by his Literary + Executor, the late Bishop of Rochester. (This Edition includes the whole + of the contents of the former Editions published in 20 vols., at the + price of 9<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i>)</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, Waterloo PLACE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day is published price 4<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ELEMENTS OF PHYSICAL AND CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY, comprising the Geography + of the Ancient World in so far as it is subservient to the understanding + of the Classics.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">With an Introduction, containing—</p> + + <p>1. A POPULAR ACCOUNT OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM, and Suggestions as to the + best mode of teaching Geography.—2. An OUTLINE of the GEOLOGICAL + HISTORY of the GLOBE.—3. A DIGEST of all that is known of the + PROPERTIES and RELATIONS of the HEAVENLY BODIES, arranged in a Tabular + Series. By PROFESSOR PILLANS, of the University of Edinburgh.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS. +Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">HERALDIC ILLUSTRATIONS, +&c. By A. P. HARRISON.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The following Works illustrative of English History, Genealogy, + &c., may be had of the Author and Designer. No. 30. Gilbert Street. + Grosvenor Square, at the prices set against the respective works. Copies + will be forwarded, Post Free, on Receipt of a Post Office Order for the + amount.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I. Roll of Arms granted by Henry III. as Hereditary Bearings to the + Nobility. Price, in colours, 1<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned + in gold, 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>II. Roll of Arms granted by Edward I. as Hereditary Bearings to the + Knights Companions at the Siege of Karlaverock, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1300. Price, in colours, 15<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + Emblazoned in gold, 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>III. Roll of Arms granted by Richard II. to his Nobility, <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1377. Price, in colours. 4<i>l.</i> 14<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 6<i>l.</i> 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>IV. Roll of Arms of all the Knights of the Garter from their + Installation Plates at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, &c. + Price, in colours, 15<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold, + 21<i>l.</i></p> + + <p>V. Facsimile of Magna Charta, with Arms of the Barons.</p> + + <p>VI. Genealogy of Sovereigns of England from Egbert, with their Arms, + &c. Price, coloured, 21<i>s.</i> Emblazoned in gold, 1<i>l.</i> + 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>VII. Facsimiles of the Warrant for the Execution of Mary Queen of + Scots and of King Charles I. Price, on parchment, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + each. On vellum paper, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>SCIENCE OF ARCHERY, showing its Affinity to Heraldry, &c. By A. P. + HARRISON, Author of "Treatise on the Formation of the English + Constitution," &c. 8vo. Price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">A. P. HARRISON, 30. Gilbert Street, +Grosvenor Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 634 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page634"></a>{634}</span></p> + +<h3>QUEENWOOD COLLEGE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Principal</i>—GEORGE EDMONDSON.</p> + + <p><i>Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.</i>—Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, + of the Universities of Marburg and Berlin.</p> + + <p><i>Chemistry.</i>—Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory + of Professor Bunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of + Marburg.</p> + + <p><i>Classics and History.</i>—Mr. John S. Mummery, L. C. P.</p> + + <p><i>Modern Languages and Foreign Literature.</i>—Mr. John Haas, + from M. de Fellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.</p> + + <p><i>Geodesy.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>Painting and Drawing.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>English, and Junior Mathematics.</i>—Mr. William + Singleton.</p> + + <p>DITTO.—Mr. Edwin Coombes.</p> + + <p><i>Music.</i>—Mr. William Cornwall.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">TERMS.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">For Boys </td><td class="qspcsingle">under 12 years </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">of age </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">40<i>l.</i> </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">per ann.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">from 12 to 16 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">50 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">above 16 "</td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">60 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>For further information see Prospectus, to be had of the + Principal.</p> + + <p>The First Session of 1854 commences on the 19th of January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—EXPERIMENTAL +CHEMISTRY.</p> + + <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets + and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, + 63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated + Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist. 29c. Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>WINTER EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY.—An entirely New Collection of + Photographic Pictures, including Mr. Robertson's Views of Constantinople; + M. Martin's Magnificent Scenery among the Glaciers of Switzerland; and + Mr. Delamotte's Progress of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham; is now open. + Admission 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br /> +166. New Bond Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.—Containing Colours, Pencils. + &c., with printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price + 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 Guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument +Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of +Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,<br /> +65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3><b>POPULAR SCIENCE.</b></h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2>NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR JOHNSTON.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2><b>THE CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE.</b></h2> + +<h3>By JAMES F. W. JOHNSTON, M.A. F.R.SS. L. & E., &c.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology," "A Catechism of Agricultural +Chemistry," &c.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>It is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present + Condition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the + subjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, + should he find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in + other Popular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his + Library.</p> + + <p>It will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order:</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Popular Science subjects." title="Popular Science subjects."> +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 1.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The AIR we Breathe.<br /> + The WATER we Drink.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 2.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SOIL we Cultivate.<br/> + The PLANT we Rear.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 3.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BREAD we Eat.<br /> + The BEEF we Cook.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 4.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BEVERAGES we Infuse.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 5.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SWEETS we Extract.<br /> + The LIQUORS we Ferment.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 6.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The NARCOTICS we Indulge in.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 7.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The ODOURS we Enjoy.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> </td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The SMELLS we Dislike.</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="nspac" valign="top"> 8.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> What we BREATHE and BREATHE For. <br /> + What, How, and Why we Digest.<br /> </td> + +<td class="nspac" valign="top"> 9.—</td><td class="nspac" valign="top" style="font-weight:bold"> The BODY we Cherish.<br /> + The CIRCULATION of MATTER, a Recapitulation.</td></tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead">*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL +SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">President.</span>—His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.</p> + + <p>Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of + the Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for + Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> £ </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> <i>s.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Annual Subscription </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Composition for Life </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 5 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10<i>s.</i> will be + required, from which those Members who join the Society during the + present month will be exempt.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">GEORGE BISH WEBB,</p> + <p class="i6">Honorary Secretary.</p> + <p>46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES +OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.</p> + + <p>THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William + College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the + Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of + an Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important + Runic Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties + desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by + application as above.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE.</p> + + <p>REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. + connected with the Assyrian Language, and would also give <i>vivâ + voce</i> Instruction therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote + himself to this important Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and + present position, may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him + at the Rectory, Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, +price 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected + from the "Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21<i>s.</i>, +or coloured, 36<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES. Living and Fossil, containing + Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of + procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. + By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."—<i>Silliman's Journal.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; + Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, edited by the same, price 18<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, + Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of + this century.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE MOST COMFORTABLE CHRISTMAS PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN + QUILT. It is the warmest, the Highest and the most elegant Covering, + suitable for the Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its + comfort cannot be too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, + of which a large Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of + Prices of the above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free + by Post.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 635 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page635"></a>{635}</span></p> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>Solicitors' & General Life +Assurance Society,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p> + + <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p> + + <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p> + + <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p> + + <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p> + + <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are + divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the + sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p> + + <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest + on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p> + + <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of + fraud.</p> + + <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of + nearly <span class="sc">Two Per Cent.</span> per annum on the <i>amount + assured</i>, or at the rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. + on the <i>Premiums paid</i>.</p> + + <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been + paid.</p> + + <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p> + + <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurance may be + effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at + the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite + information can be obtained.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic + Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now + universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and + principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto + no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect + pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases + where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale + price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for for years, + and Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>—Each Bottle is Stamped with a + Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to + counterfeit which is felony.</p> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The + Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label + bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL + MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of + all respectable Chemists, in pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's + Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, + Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHY.</p> + + <p>A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>, containing an + Expanding Camera, with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a + Portable Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete.</p> + + <p>PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1<i>l.</i> + 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1<i>s.</i>, by post + free, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> A + large assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, + Calotype, or Albumen, at equally low prices.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.</p> + + <p>Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest + improvement and apparatus, complete from 3<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>, at</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>C. BAKER'S, Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High + Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's).</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br /> +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking + either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + + <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price + 1<i>s.</i>, per Post. 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">VIEWS IN LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC +PICTURES.</p> + + <p>BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL + INSTRUMENT MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all + Kinds, and in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive + Assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on + PAPER, and TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of + London, Paris, the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness + of Detail and Truth in the Representation of Natural Objects, are + unrivalled.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street, London.</p> + + <p>*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 636 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page636"></a>{636}</span></p> + +<h2>LITERARY GIFT BOOKS.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:—</p> + +<p class="cenhead">I.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. + 30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and + Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 + Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. + 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VI.</p> + + <p>BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and + Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VII.</p> + + <p>CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. + 24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VIII.</p> + + <p>CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and + Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">IX.</p> + + <p>BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">X.</p> + + <p>BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XI.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. + 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XII.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p> + + <p>MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p> + + <p>LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XV.</p> + + <p>LOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVI.</p> + + <p>CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. Portraits. + 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVII.</p> + + <p>REJECTED ADDRESSES. With Portrait and Woodcuts. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XVIII.</p> + + <p>ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S POEMS AND SONGS. With Woodcuts. 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIX.</p> + + <p>SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S CONSOLATIONS. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XX.</p> + + <p>SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S SALMONIA. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXI.</p> + + <p>HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXII.</p> + + <p>BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With 1000 Woodcuts, Initials, and Coloured + Borders. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIII.</p> + + <p>SOUTHEY'S BOOK OF THE CHURCH. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIV.</p> + + <p>WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. With 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. + 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXV.</p> + + <p>BRAY'S LIFE OF STOTHARD. Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVI.</p> + + <p>THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. + 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVII.</p> + + <p>JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXVIII.</p> + + <p>ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXIX.</p> + + <p>THE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXX.</p> + + <p>JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XXXI.</p> + + <p>JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming + Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for + insertion by the 4th, of January.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF +GREECE.</p> + + <p>Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the + Literature, Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, + Editor of the "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street; and +WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower +Street and Ivy Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post +8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, + revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER + WILKINSON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, a New Edition, with an Index, +Fcap. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH AUTHORS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the + GREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. + By REV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON. M. A. Vicar of Beakesbourne.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF +HORACE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9<i>s.</i>, bound.</p> + + <p>LIFE OF HORACE. By the REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. PAUL'S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300 + Engravings of Coins, Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some + antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all their + fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that the + designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."—<i>Classical Museum.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS.</p> + + <p>Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 Woodcuts by HARVEY, + One Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea.</p> + + <p>THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, + ESQ., Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, December + 24. 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 217, +December 24, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 24, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 30133-h.htm or 30133-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/1/3/30133/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 217, December 24, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: September 29, 2009 [EBook #30133] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 24, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{613} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 217.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 24, 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Folk Lore in the Reign of King James I. 613 + + The Ballad of Sir Hugh, &c. 614 + + Pennsylvanian Folk Lore: Christmas 615 + + County Rhymes 615 + + Legends of the County Clare: Fuenvicouil (Fingal) + and the Giant, by Frances Robert Davies 616 + + FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES:--Yorkshire Tradition--Custom on St. + Thomas's Day--Custom on Innocents' Day--Marriage Custom at + Knutsford, Cheshire--Folk Lore in Hampshire--Propitiating + the Fairies--Cornish Folk Lore--King Arthur in the Form of + a Raven--St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire--New + Year's Eve and New Year's Day 617 + + MINOR NOTES:--Carlist Calembourg--Jewish Custom--Lachlan + Macleane--German Tree--The late Duke 618 + + QUERIES:-- + + The Story of Crispin and Crispianus, by J. Davies Devlin 619 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Barrels Regiment--Okey the Regicide--Lady + Mason's Third Husband--Creation of Knights--Martyn the + Regicide--History of the Nonjurors--Florin and the Royal + Arms--A Mistletoe Query 620 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Sewell Family--Greek + Epigram--Translations from Aeschylus--Prince Memnon's + Sister--"Oh! for a blast," &c.--Robin Hood's + Festival--Church in Suffolk 621 + + REPLIES:-- + + Children called Imps 623 + + The Divining Rod 623 + + Change of Meaning in Proverbial Expressions, &c. 624 + + Sneezing, by Francis John Scott, &c. 624 + + Books burned by the common Hangman, by W. + Fraser, &c. 625 + + Jews in China, by T.J. Buckton 626 + + Poetical Tavern Signs 626 + + The Curfew, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 628 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Engraving--Collodion + Negatives 628 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--"London Labour and the London + Poor"--Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric--Sir Arthur + Aston--Grammar in relation to Logic--Descendants of + Milton--Pronunciation of Bible Names--Henry I.'s + Tomb--Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed--Return of Gentry, temp. + Henry VI.--Peter Allan--Burial in an erect Posture--The + Word "Mob"--Gen. Sir C. Napier--To Come--Passage in + Sophocles--Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century--Judges + styled Reverend--Veneration for the Oak--Rapping no Novelty 629 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 632 + + Notices to Correspondents 632 + + Advertisements 633 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +FOLK LORE IN THE REIGN OF KING JAMES I. + +In turning over the pages of an old book of controversial divinity, I +stumbled upon the following illustrations of folk lore; which, as well from +their antiquity as from their intrinsic curiosity, seem worthy of a place +in your columns. They make us acquainted with some of the usages of our +ancestors, who lived in the remoter districts of England early in the reign +of James I. The title of the volume in which they occur is the following: + + "The Way to the True Church; wherein the principall Motives persuading + to Romanisme, and Questions touching the Nature and Authoritie of the + Church and Scriptures, are familiarly disputed ... directed to all that + seeks for Resolution; and especially to all his loving Countrymen of + Lancashire, by John White, Minister of God's Word at Eccles. Folio. + London, 1624." + +This, however, is described as being "the fifth impression;" the Preface is +dated Oct. 29, 1608; so that we arrive at the conclusion that the usages +and rhymes, to which I now desire to invite the attention of your readers, +were current in the north-west districts of England more than two hundred +and fifty years since. + +White is insisting upon "the prodigious ignorance" which he found among his +parishioners when he entered upon his ministrations, and he proceeds thus +to tell his own tale: + + "I will only mention what I saw and learned, dwelling among them, + concerning the saying of their prayers; for what man is he whose heart + trembles not to see simple people so far seduced that they know not how + to pronounce or say their daily prayers; or so to pray that all that + hear them shall be filled with laughter? And while, superstitiously, + they refuse to pray in their own language with understanding, they + speak that which their leaders may blush to hear. These examples I have + observed from the common people." + + THE CREED. + + "Creezum zuum patrum onitentem creatorum ejus anicum, Dominum nostrum + qui sum sops, virgini Mariae, crixus fixus, Ponchi Pilati audubitiers, + morti {614} by sonday, father a fernes, scelerest un judicarum, finis a + mortibus. Creezum spirituum sanctum, ecli Catholi, remissurum, + peccaturum, communiorum obliviorum, bitam et turnam again." + + THE LITTLE CREED. + "Little Creed, can I need, + Kneele before our Ladies knee; + Candle light, candles burne, + Our Ladie pray'd to her deare Sonne, + That we might all to heaven come. + Little Creed, Amen." + + "This that followeth they call the 'White Pater-noster:' + + "White Pater-noster, Saint Peter's brother, + What hast i' th' t'one hand? white booke leaves. + What hast i' th' t'other hand? heaven yate keyes. + Open heaven yates, and steike [shut] hell yates: + And let every crysome child creepe to its owne mother. + White Pater-noster, Amen." + + "Another Prayer: + + "I blesse me with God and the rood, + With his sweet flesh and precious blood; + With his crosse and his creed, + With his length and his breed, + From my toe to my crowne, + And all my body up and downe, + From my back to my brest, + My five wits be my rest; + God let never ill come at ill, + But through Jesus owne will, + Sweet Jesus, Lord. Amen." + + "Many also use to weare vervein against blasts; and when they gather it + for this purpose, firste they crosse the herbe with their hand, and + then they blesse it thus: + + "Hallowed be thou, Vervein, + As thou growest on the ground, + For in the Mount of Calvary, + There thou wast first found. + Thou healedst our Saviour Jesus Christ, + And staunchedst his bleeding wound; + In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, + I take thee from the ground." + +These passages may be seen in the "Preface to the Reader," s. 13., no page, +but on the reverse of Sig. A 4. + +It might at first appear somewhat strange that these interesting remnants +of early belief should have escaped the notice of your numerous +correspondents, whose attention has for so long a period been directed to +this inquiry: but this may be accounted for if we remember that the volume +in which they occur is one which would seem, _prima facie_, least likely to +afford any such materials. It is one of those uninviting bulky folios of +which the reigns of James and Charles I. furnish us with so many specimens. +Here we might fairly expect to discover abundant illustrations of patristic +and scholastic theology, of learning and pedantry, of earnest devotion, and +ill-temper no less earnest; but nothing whereby to illustrate the manners +or customs, the traditions, or the popular usages or superstitions, of the +common people. This may be a hint for us, however, to direct our attention +to a class of literature which hitherto has scarcely received the attention +to which it would appear to be entitled; and I would venture to express my +conviction, that if those who are interested in the illustration of our +popular antiquities were to give a little of their time to early English +theology, the result would be more important than might at first be +anticipated. + +L. B. + + * * * * * + +THE BALLAD OF SIR HUGH, ETC. + +The fact mentioned by your correspondent C. CLIFTON BARRY, at p. 357., as +to the affinity of Midland songs and ballads to those of Scotland, I have +often observed, and among the striking instances of it which could be +adduced, the following may be named, as well known in Northamptonshire: + + "It rains, it rains, in merry Scotland; + It rains both great and small; + And all the schoolfellows in merry Scotland + Must needs go and play at ball. + + "They tossed the ball so high, so high, + And yet it came down so low; + They tossed it over the old Jew's gates, + And broke the old Jew's window. + + "The old Jew's daughter she came out; + Was clothed all in green; + 'Come hither, come hither, thou young Sir Hugh, + And fetch your ball again.' + + "'I dare not come, I dare not come, + Unless my schoolfellows come all; + And I shall be flogged when I get home, + For losing of my ball.' + + "She 'ticed him with an apple so red, + And likewise with a fig: + She laid him on the dresser board, + And sticked him like a pig. + + "The thickest of blood did first come out, + The second came out so thin; + The third that came was his dear heart's blood, + Where all his life lay in." + +I write this from memory: it is but a fragment of the whole, which I think +is printed, with variations, in Percy's _Reliques_. It is also worthy of +remark, that there is a resemblance also between the words which occur as +provincialisms in the same district, and some of those which are used in +Scotland; e.g. _whemble_ or _whommel_ (sometimes not aspirated, and +pronounced _wemble_), to turn upside down, as a dish. This word is Scotch, +although they do not pronounce the b any more than in _Campbell_, which +sounds very much like _Camel_. + +B. H. C. + + * * * * * + +{615} + +PENNSYLVANIAN FOLK LORE: CHRISTMAS. + +This anniversary holds the same rank in the middle, southern, and western +states as Thanksgiving Day in the eastern states or New England, where, +owing to the Puritan origin of the bulk of the inhabitants, Christmas is +not much celebrated. In Pennsylvania many of the usages connected with it +are of German origin, and derived from the early settlers of the Teutonic +race, whose descendants are now a very numerous portion of the population. +The Christmas Tree is thus devised: It is planted in a flower-pot filled +with earth, and its branches are covered with presents, chiefly of +confectionary, for the younger members of the family. + +When bed-time arrives on Christmas Eve, the children hang up their +stockings at the foot of their beds, to receive presents brought them by a +fabulous personage called _Krishkinkle_, who is believed to descend the +chimney with them for all the children who have been good during the +previous year. The word _Krishkinkle_ is a corruption of _Christ-kindlein_, +literally _Christ-infant_, and is understood to be derived from the fact +that a representation of the Infant Saviour in the manger formed part of +the decorations prepared for the children at Christmas. + +If the children have not been good during the year previous, instead of +finding sugar-plums and other presents in their stockings on Christmas +morning, they discover therein a birch-rod. This is said to have been +placed there by _Pelsnichol_, or Nicholas with the fur, alluding to the +dress of skins in which he is said to be clad. Some make _Pelsnichol_ +identical with _Krishkinkle_, but the more general opinion is that they are +two personages, one the rewarder of the good, the other the punisher of the +bad. + +The functions ascribed to Krishkinkle in Pennsylvania are attributed to +Saint Nicholas, or Santa Claus in the State of New York, first settled by +the Hollanders. The following poem, written by Clement C. Moore, LL.D., of +New York, describes the performances of St. Nicholas on Christmas Eve, and +is equally applicable to our Krishkinkle: + + "_A Visit from St. Nicholas._ + 'Twas the night before Christmas, when all through the house + Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse; + The stockings were hung by the chimney with care, + In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there. + The children were nestled all snug in their beds, + While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads; + And mamma in her kerchief and I in my cap + Had just settled our brains for a long winter's nap, + When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, + I sprang from my bed to see what was the matter. + Away to the window I flew like a flash, + Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash; + The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow + Gave the lustre of day to the objects below; + When what to my wondering eyes should appear + But a miniature sleigh and eight tiny reindeer, + With a little old driver so lively and quick, + I knew in a moment it must be St. Nick. + More rapid than eagles his coursers they came, + And he whistled and shouted and call'd them by name, + 'Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer! now, Vixen! + On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Dunder and Blixen! + To the top of the stoop[1], to the top of the wall! + Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!' + As dry leaves before the wild hurricane fly, + When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky, + So up to the house-top the coursers they flew, + With the sleigh full of toys and St. Nicholas too; + And then in a twinkling I heard on the roof + The prancing and pawing of each little hoof. + As I drew in my head and was turning around, + Down the chimney St. Nicholas came with a bound. + He was dress'd all in fur from his head to his foot, + And his clothes were all tarnish'd with ashes and soot. + A bundle of toys he had flung on his back; + And he look'd like a pedlar just opening his pack. + His eyes, how they twinkled! his dimples, how merry! + His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry; + His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow, + And the beard on his chin was as white as the snow; + The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth, + And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath. + He had a broad face and a little round belly, + That shook, when he laugh'd, like a bowl full of jelly. + He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf, + And I laugh'd when I saw him, in spite of myself. + A wink of his eye and a twist of his head + Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread. + He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work, + And fill'd all the stockings, then turn'd with a jerk; + And laying his finger aside of his nose, + And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose. + He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle, + And away they all flew like the down of a thistle: + But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight, + 'Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good night.'" + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +[Footnote 1: Stoop means, in the language of the New Yorkers, a portico.] + + * * * * * + +COUNTY RHYMES. + + KENT. + + "He that will not live long, + Let him dwell at Murston, Tenham, or Tong." + + "Dover, Sandwich, and Winchelsea, + Rumney and Rye, the five ports be." + + CHESHIRE. + + "Chester of Castria took the name, + As if that Castria were the same." + + {616} + LINCOLNSHIRE--_Stamford_. + + "Doctrinae studium, quod nunc viget ad vada Boum, + Tempore venturo celebrabitur ad vada Saxi." + + "Science that now o'er Oxford sheds her ray, + Shall bless fair Stamford at some future day." + + WILTSHIRE--_Salisbury Cathedral_. + + "As many days as in one year there be, + So many windows in this church you see. + As many marble pillars here appear, + As there are hours through the fleeting year. + As many gates as moons one here does view + Strange tale to tell, yet not more strange than true." + + _Chippenham_--On a Stone. + + "Hither extendeth Maud Heath's gift, + For where I stand is Chippenham clift." + + SURREY--_Market House, Farnham_. + + "You who do like me, give money to end me, + You who dislike me, give as much to mend me." + + _Woking_--_Sutton_. + + "Beastly 'Oking--pretty Sutton, + Filthy foxglove--bach'lors button." + + "'Oking was--Guildford is--Godalming shall be." + + SOMERSETSHIRE. + + "Stanton Drew, + A mile from Pensford--another from Chew." + + PEMBROKESHIRE. + + "Once to Rome thy steps incline, + But visit twice St. David's shrine." + + "When Percelty weareth a hat, + All Pembrokeshire shall weet of that." + +J. EBFF. + +Bolt Court. + + * * * * * + +LEGENDS OF THE CO. CLARE: FUENVICOUIL (FINGAL) AND THE GIANT. + +Once upon a time, a Scottish giant who had heard of Fuenvicouil's fame, +determined to come and see which of them was the stronger. Now Fuenvicouil +was informed by his thumb of the giant's intentions, and also that on the +present occasion matters would not turn out much to his advantage if they +fought: so as he did not feel the least bit "blue-mowlded for the want of a +batin'," like Neal Malone, he was at a loss what to do. Oonagh, his wife, +saw his distress, and soon contrived to find out the cause of it; and +having done so, she assured him that if he would leave things to her +management, and strictly obey her directions, she would make the giant +return home faster than he came. Fuenvicouil promised obedience; and, as no +time was to be lost, Oonagh commenced her preparations. She first baked two +or three large cakes of bread, taking care to put the griddle (the iron +plate used in Ireland and Scotland for baking bread on) into the largest. +She then put several gallons of milk down to boil, and made whey of it; and +carefully collected the curd into a mass, which she laid aside. She then +proceeded to dress up Fuenvicouil as a baby; and having put a cap on his +head, tucked him up in the cradle, charging him on no account to speak, but +to carefully obey any signs she might make to him. The preparations were +only just completed, when the giant arrived, and, striding into the house, +demanded to see Fuenvicouil. Oonagh received him politely; said she could +not tell _any more than the child in the cradle_, where her husband then +was; but requested the giant to sit down and rest, till Fuenvicouil came +in. She then placed bread and whey before him till some better refreshments +could be got ready, taking care to give him the cake with the griddle in +it, and serving the whey in a vessel that held two or three gallons. The +giant was a little surprised at the _quantity_ of the lunch set before him, +and proceeded to break a piece off the cake but in vain; he then tried to +bite it, with as little success: and as to swallowing the ocean of whey set +before him, it was out of the question; so he said he was not hungry, and +would wait. He then asked Oonagh what was the favourite feat of strength +her husband prided himself upon. She could not indeed particularise any +one, but said that sometimes Fuenvicouil amused himself with squeezing +water out of that stone there, pointing to a rock lying near the door. The +giant immediately took it up; and squeezed it till the blood started from +his fingers, but made no impression on the rock. Oonagh laughed at his +discomfiture, and said a child could do that, handing at the same time the +lump of curds to "the baby." Fuenvicouil, who had been attentively +listening to all that was going on, gave the curd a squeeze, and some drops +of whey fell from it. Oonagh, in apparently great delight, kissed and +hugged her "dear baby;" and breaking a bit off one of the cakes she had +prepared, began to coax the "child" to eat a little bit and get strong. The +giant amazed, asked, could that child eat such hard bread? And Oonagh +persuaded him to put his finger into the child's mouth, "just to feel his +teeth;" and as soon as Fuenvicouil got the giant's finger in his mouth, he +bit it off. This was more than the giant could stand; and seeing that a +child in the cradle was so strong, he was convinced that the sooner he +decamped before Fuenvicouil's return the better; so he hastened from the +house, while Oonagh in vain pressed him to remain; and never stopped till +he returned to his own place, very happy at having escaped a meeting with +Fuenvicouil. + +FRANCES ROBERT DAVIES. + + * * * * * + +{617} + +FOLK LORE MISCELLANIES. + +_Yorkshire Tradition._--The following tradition of Osmotherly, in +Yorkshire, was related to me as being current in that county. Can you +inform me if it is authentic? + +Some years ago there lived in a secluded part of Yorkshire a lady who had +an only son named Os or Oscar. Strolling one day with her child they met a +party of gipsies, who were anxious to tell her the child's fortune. After +being much importuned she assented to their request. To the mother's +astonishment and grief they prognosticated that the child would be drowned. +In order to avert so dreadful a calamity, the infatuated mother purchased +some land and built a house on the summit of a high hill, where she lived +with her son a long time in peace and seclusion. Happening one fine +summer's day in the course of a perambulation to have fatigued themselves, +they sat down on the grass to rest and soon fell asleep. While enjoying +this repose, a spring rose up from the ground, which caused such an +inundation as to overwhelm them, and side by side they found a watery +grave. After this had occurred, the people residing in the neighbourhood +named it Os-by-his-mother-lay, which has since been corrupted into +Osmotherly. + +R. W. CARTER. + +_Custom on St. Thomas's Day_ (_Dec. 21_).--At Harvington, in +Worcestershire, it is the custom on St. Thomas's Day for persons (chiefly +children) to go round the village begging for apples, and singing the +following rhymes: + + "Wissal, wassail through the town, + If you've got any apples, throw them down. + Up with the stocking, and down with the shoe, + If you've got no apples, money will do. + The jug is white, and the ale is brown, + This is the best house in the town." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Custom on Innocents' Day_ (_Dec. 28_).--At Norton (near Evesham) it is the +custom on Dec. 28 to ring, first a muffled peal for the slaughter of the +Holy Innocents, and then an unmuffled peal of joy for the deliverance of +the Infant Christ. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Marriage Custom at Knutsford, Cheshire._--A singular but pleasing custom +exists among the inhabitants of Knutsford in Cheshire. On the occasion of a +wedding, when the bride has set out for the church, a relative invariably +spreads on the pavement, which is composed of pebbles, before her house, a +quantity of silver sand, there called "greet," in the form of wreaths of +flowers, and writes, with the same material, wishes for her happiness. +This, of course, is soon discovered by others, and immediately, especially +if the bride or bridegroom are favorites, appear before most of the houses +numerous flowers in sand. It is said that this custom arose from the only +church they had being without bells, and therefore, to give notice of a +wedding, they adopted it; and though now there are other churches and a +peal of bells, they still adhere to the above method of communicating +intelligence of such happy events. Why sand should be used I have not been +able to learn, and I should be much obliged for any information on the +point, there being no sandpits in the locality of Knutsford, or such like +reason for its use. + +One circumstance I may mention connected with weddings there. On the return +of the party from church, it is usual to throw money to the boys, who, of +course, follow, and if this is omitted, the latter keep up a cry of "a +buttermilk wedding." + +RUSSELL GOLE. + +_Folk Lore in Hampshire._--In Hampshire the country people believe that a +healing power exists in the alms collected at the administration of the +sacrament, and many of them use the money as a charm to cure the diseases +of the body. A short time ago a woman came to a clergyman, and brought with +her half-a-crown, asking at the same time for five "sacrament sixpences" in +exchange. She said that one of her relations was ill, and that she wished +to use the money as a charm to drive away the disease. This superstition +may have arisen from the once prevalent custom of distributing the alms in +the church to those of the poor who were present at the sacrament. + +I have heard that the negroes in Jamaica attach the same "gifts of healing" +to the consecrated bread, and often, if they can escape notice, will carry +it away with them. As no account of this superstition seems to be recorded +in "N. & Q.," perhaps you would like to "make a note of it." + +F. M. MIDDLETON. + +_Propitiating the Fairies._--Having some years since, on a Sunday +afternoon, had occasion to ride on horseback between two towns in the +eastern part of Cornwall, I met a christening party, also on horseback, +headed by the nurse with a baby in her arms. Making a halt as I approached +her, she stopped me, and producing a _cake_, presented it to me, and +insisted on my taking it. Several years after, when in the Isle of Man, I +had the opportunity of hearing an elderly person relate several pieces of +folk lore respecting the witches and fairies in that island. It had been +customary, within his recollection, for a woman, when carrying a child to +be christened, to take with her _a piece of bread and cheese_, to give to +the first person she met, for the purpose of _saving the child from +witchcraft or the fairies_. Another custom was that of the "Queeltah," or +salt put under the churn _to keep off bad people_. Stale water was thrown +on the plough "to keep it from the _little {618} folks_." A cross was tied +in the tail of a cow "to keep her from _bad bodies_." On May morning it was +deemed of the greatest importance to avoid going to a neighbour's house for +fire; a turf was therefore kept burning all night at home. Flowers growing +in a hedge, especially green or yellow ones, were good to keep off the +fairies. And finally, the last cake was left "behind the turf-flag for the +little people." + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_Cornish Folk Lore: King Arthur in the Form of a Raven._--In Jarvis's +translation of _Don Quixote_, book II. chap. v., the following passage +occurs: + + "'Have you not read, sir,' answered Don Quixote, 'the annals and + histories of England, wherein are recorded the famous exploits of King + Arthur, whom in our Castilian tongue we always call King Artus; of whom + there goes an old tradition, and a common one all over that kingdom of + Great Britain, that this king did not die, but that by magic art he was + turned into a raven; and that, in process of time, he shall reign + again, and recover his kingdom and sceptre; for which reason it cannot + be proved, that, from that time to this, any Englishman has killed a + raven?'" + +My reason for transcribing this passage is to record the curious fact that +the legend of King Arthur's existence in the form of a raven was still +repeated as a piece of folk lore in Cornwall about sixty years ago. My +father, who died about two years since at the age of eighty, spent a few +years of his youth in the neighbourhood of Penzance. One day, as he was +walking along Marazion Green with his fowling-piece on his shoulder, he saw +a raven at a distance and fired at it. An old man who was near immediately +rebuked him, telling him that he ought on no account to have shot at a +raven, for that King Arthur was still alive in the form of that bird. My +father was much interested when I drew his attention to the passage which I +have quoted above. Perhaps some of your Cornish or Welsh correspondents may +be able to say whether the legend is still known among the people of +Cornwall or Wales. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + +_St. Clement's Apple Feast in Staffordshire._--On the feast of St. +Clement's (Nov. 23) the children go round to the various houses in the +villages to which they belong singing the following doggerel: + + "Clemany! Clemany! Clemany mine! + A good red apple and a pint of wine, + Some of your mutton and some of your veal, + If it is good, pray give me a deal; + If it is not, pray give some salt. + Butler, butler, fill your bowl; + If thou fillst it of the best, + The Lord'll send your soul to rest; + If thou fillst it of the small, + Down goes butler, bowl and all. + Pray, good mistress, send to me + One for Peter, one for Paul, + One for Him who made us all, + Apple, pear, plum, or cherry, + Any good thing to make us merry; + A bouncing buck and a velvet chair, + Clement comes but once a year; + Off with the pot and on with the pan, + A good red apple and I'll begone." + +How the above came to be conglomerated I know not, as there seem to be at +least three separate compositions pressed into St. Clement's service. + +I shall be glad to know if any of your contributors can furnish farther +illustrations of St. Clement's apple feast. I believe, in Worcestershire, +St. Catherine and St. Clement unite in becoming the patrons on these +occasions. + +G. E. T. S. R. N. + +_New Year's Eve and New Year's Day._--Another German custom prevalent in +Philadelphia is the custom of celebrating the departure of the old year and +the arrival of the new by discharges of fire-arms. As soon as the sun sets +the firing commences, and it is kept up all night with every description of +musket, fowling-piece, and pistol. It is called "firing out the old year" +and "firing in the new year." + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Carlist Calembourg._--The original of the French _jeu d'esprit_ in Vol. +viii., p. 242., was a Carlist calembourg circulated in the _salons_ about +the middle of 1831: + + "La nation n'aime pas Louis-Philippe mais en rit (Henri)." + +There was another also very popular: + + "In travelling to Bordeaux you must go to Orleans." + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_Jewish Custom._--In a recently published music-novel of some merit, called +_Charles Auchester_, occurs the following: + + "'I shall treat him as my son, because he will indeed be my + music-child, and no more indebted to me than I am to music, or than we + all are to Jehovah.' _'Sir, you are certainly a Jew, if you say + Jehovah_; I was quite sure of it before, and I am so pleased.'" + +There is a great error as to custom here, for the Jews never attempt to +pronounce the "four-lettered" Name, and in reading and speaking always use +instead Adonai or Elohim. And even converted Jews retain for the most part +the same habit. The writer of _Charles Auchester_ can only defend himself +by the example of the writer of {619} _Ivanhoe_, who has made the same +oversight; and a still more glaring one besides in making Isaac the Jew +wish his daughter had been called Benoni, _i.e._ the _son_ of sorrow. The +vowel letters of Jehovah are merely those of Adonai, inserted by the +Massorites; but this is another subject. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Lachlan Macleane._--This individual, whose claim to the authorship of +Junius has been lately revived, was in Philadelphia ninety-five years ago, +and his name figures there in the accounts of the overseers of the poor, +under date of November 9, 1758: + + "By cash received of James Coultass, late sheriff, being a fine paid by + Laughlane McClain for kissing of Osborn's wife (after his commissions + and writing bond were deducted) + + L24 : 5 : 0" + +This was in Pennsylvania currency; but it was an expensive kiss even in +that, being (besides the commissions and sheriff's charge for writing the +bond) equivalent to sixty-four dollars and fifty cents of our present +currency. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + +_German Tree._--The following extract concerning this accessory to +Christmas, which is now so popular, may perhaps be interesting at the +present season. It is taken from the _Loseley Manuscripts_, edited by A. J. +Kempe, F.S.A., 1836, p. 75. note. + + "We remember a German of the household of the late Queen Caroline, + making what he termed a _Christmas tree_ for a juvenile party at that + festive season. The tree was a branch of some evergreen fastened on a + board. Its boughs bent under the weight of gilt oranges, almonds, &c.; + and under it was a neat model of a farm-house, surrounded by figures of + animals, &c., and all due accompaniments. The forming Christmas trees + is, we believe, a common custom in Germany: evidently a remain of the + pageants constructed at that season in ancient days." + +Is this the first notice of a German tree in England? The adjunct of the +farm-house seems now to be dispensed with in this country. + +ZEUS. + +_The late Duke._--The following curious coincidence, which lately appeared +in the _Meath Herald_, deserves transplanting to the literary museum of "N. +& Q.": + + "From the fact of the Mornington family having been so connected by + property, &c. with the parish of Trim, in which town the late Duke + spent so many of his early days, and commenced his career in life by + being elected, when scarcely twenty-one years of age, to represent the + old borough of Trim, the following coincidence is worth relating. On + the news of the death of the Duke reaching Trim, the Very Rev. Dean + Butler caused the chime of bells to be rung in respect to his memory; + and the large bell, which was considered one of the finest and sweetest + in Ireland, hardly had tolled a second time for the occasion when it + suddenly broke, became mute, and ceased to send forth its notes. + Whether this was to be attributed to neglect of the ringer, or regret + for the great man of the age, it is hard to say; but, very odd as it + may appear to be, on examining the bell, it was found to be cast by + Edmund Blood, 1769, the very year the Duke was born. Thus this fine + bell commenced its career with the birth of the Duke, and ceased to + sound at his death. The parish of Trim is now getting the bell recast, + and the old metal is to be seen at Mr. Hodges, Abbey Street, Dublin." + +J. YEOWELL. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +THE STORY OF CRISPIN AND CRISPIANUS. + +_A Recitation for the 25th of October, and other Convivial Meetings of +Shoemakers._ + + "The CRISPIN trade! What better trade can be? + Ancient and famous, independent, free! + No other trade a brighter claim can find; + No other trade display more share of mind! + No other calling prouder names can boast,-- + In arms, in arts,--themselves a perfect host! + All honour, zeal, and patriotic pride; + To dare heroic, and in suffering tried! + But first and chief--and as such claims inspire-- + Our Patron Brothers, who doth not admire? + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS! they who sought + Safety with us, and at the calling wrought: + Martyrs to Truth, who in old times were cast + Lorn outcasts forth to labour at the _last_! + Mould the stout sole, sew with the woven thread, + Make the _good fit_, and win their daily bread. + This was their strait and doing--this their doom; + They sought our shelter, and they found a home! + Helpless and hapless, wandering to and fro, + Weary they came and hid them from the foe; + Two high-born youths, to holy things impell'd, + Hunted from place to place, though still they held + Their sacred faith, and died for it, and threw + The glory of that death on all who made the Shoe! + + "Such is the story--so behaved our trade; + And then the Church its zealous homage paid, + And made their death-day holy, as we see + Still in the Calendar, and still to be! + And long the Shoemaker has felt the claim, + And proved him joyful at such lofty fame; + For theirs it was by more than blood allied, + Alike they worshipp'd, and alike they died! + Nor minded how the Pagan nipp'd their youth-- + They are not dead who suffer for the Truth! + The skies receive them, and the earth's warm heart + In grateful duty ever plays its part, + Embalms their memory to all future time, + And thus, in love, still punishes the crime; + Sees, though the corse be trampled to the dust, + The murder'd dead have retribution just! + + {620} + "Where are they now who wrought this fiendish wrong? + We hate the actors, and have hated long. + And where are they, the victims? Always here; + We feel their glory, and we hold it dear! + Oh yes, 'tis ours! that glory still is ours, + And, lo! how breaks it on these festive hours; + Each heart is warm, each eye lit up with pride, + 'Tis sanction'd in our loves and sanctified! + Far o'er the earth--the Christianised--where'er + The Saviour's name is hymn'd in daily prayer, + The winds of heaven their memories tender waft, + Commix'd with all the sorceries of the _craft_. + The little leather artizan--the boy + To whom the shoe is yet but as a toy, + A thing to smile and look at, ere the day + Severer task will make it one of _pay_ + (A constant duty and a livelihood),-- + He, the young Crispin, emulous and good, + Is told of the Prince Martyrs--sometimes Royal! + (The trade, in its devotion, being so loyal, + It fain would stretch the fact or trifle still, + Eager, as 'twere, to get on highest hill.) + Through the fair France, through Germany, and Spain, + The blue-skied Italy, the Russias twain, + And farther still, across the Western Main. + There is the story known, engraft, 'tis true, + With things, as often is, of weight undue; + Yet still's enough, when sifted to the most, + To make the trade rejoice, and as a toast, + Now, as is wont, and ever to be given, + Hail to the memory of our friends in heaven! + CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS--they, the two, + Who, like ourselves, have made the Boot and Shoe!" + +The story as told in these verses is not exactly the same as the one +current among the makers of the boot and shoe in our own island, an account +in an old book called _The History of the Gentle Craft_ (the production, no +doubt, of the well-known Thomas Delony) being the basis of the tradition as +received now by the British shoemaker. In the _Golden Legende_, one of the +earliest of our printed books, and in Alban Butler's _Lives of the Saints_, +as compiled from the Roman Martyrologies, as also in the inscriptions of +some pieces of ancient tapestry formerly belonging to the shoemakers' +chapel in the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris, but, when I saw them, in one +of the galleries of the Louvre, is the like version as the one here given. +The authority, too, of the Church Calendar of England, even as it still +remains after the loppings of the Reformation, is another corroboration +that CRISPIN and CRISPIANUS, brothers, were early martyrs to the Christian +faith, and through that chiefly honoured, and not because the one became a +redoubted general and the other a successful suitor to the daughter of some +all-potent emperor. In the Delony version--itself, in every probability, a +borrowing from the popular mind of the Elizabethan period,--these things +are put forth; while in trade paintings and songs the Prince CRISPIN is +assumed to have a wife or sister, one can hardly tell which, in the person +of a princess, the Princess CRISPIANUS, and who figures as the patron of +the women's branch of the shoemakers' art; CRISPIN himself presiding over +the coarser labour for the rougher sex. This artifice, if not purely +historical, is at least very excusable, because so natural, seeing that the +duplex principle has such an extensive range; that even the feet themselves +come into the world in pairs, and so shoes must be produced after the same +fashion--paired, as the shoemakers have done by their adored CRISPIN and +CRISPIANUS. + +It has now but to be stated that the writer of the foregoing lines (a long +time now the common property of his fellow-workmen) and this present +paragraph, has for many years contemplated the production of something, +which might assume even the size of a book, in connexion with the various +curious particulars which may be affiliated with this Crispin story, and +therefore would be glad to find some of the numerous erudite renders of "N. +& Q." helping his inquiries either through the medium of future Numbers, or +as might be addressed privately to himself, care of Mr. Clements, +bookseller, 22. Little Pulteney Street, Regent Street. + +J. DAVIES DEVLIN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Barrels Regiment._--I suppose that to this regiment a song refers which +has for its burden,-- + + "And ten times a day whip the barrels, + And ten times a day whip the barrels, + Brave boys." + +I shall be very much obliged to any one who will tell me where I can find +this song, or the circumstances or persons to which it refers. It was +probably written about the year 1747. + +E. H. + +_Okey the Regicide._--I should be much obliged for any information relative +to the descendants of Colonel John Okey, the regicide, executed April 19, +1662, O.S. + +E. P. H. + +Clapham. + +_Lady Mason's Third Husband_.--Secretary Davison, in a letter dated London, +23rd December, 1581, and addressed to Lady Mason, requests this lady "to +join with his honour her husband" in standing sponsor with Sir Christopher +Hatton, or Sir Thomas Skirley, to his son, born a few days before. Sir John +Mason, second husband to Lady Mason, died in 1566. Who then was "this +honour," her third? + +G. S. S. + +_Creation of Knights._--When were the following knights made?--Sir William +Fleming, Sir George Barker, Sir George Hamilton, Sir Edward {621} de +Carteret, Sir William Armourer:--the first by Charles I.; the four +following by Charles II. + +G. S. S. + +_Martyn the Regicide._--Was Martyn the regicide married or not? If married, +is it known whether he had children? and if any of his children settled in +Ireland, and became possessed of property in that country? + +E. A. G. + +_History of the Nonjurors._--What are the best authorities for the history +of the Nonjurors and their sufferings? Of course, Lathbury, Hickes's _Life +of Kettlewell_, &c. are well known. Whence came their adopted motto: +"Caetera quis nescit?" Any reader who would communicate any information on +these points to C. R. would confer a favour. + +C. R. + +_Florin and the Royal Arms._--What is the authority for placing the +national arms (which are by royal proclamations ordered to be borne +_quarterly_ in ratification of the respective unions, and to be borne under +one imperial crown) in separate shields? They surely cannot with any +heraldic propriety be so arranged. The absurdity was remarked in the reign +of the Georges, for by the separation of the coats the arms of the German +Dominions of George I. obtained the second place, viz. the dexter side, +with France on the sinister, and Ireland at the bottom or fourth place. + +MAT O' THE MINT. + +_A Mistletoe Query._--Why has mistletoe the privilege of allowing the fair +sex to be kissed under its branches, on condition that a berry is plucked +off at the time? And also, when was this first allowed?[2] + +J. W. ASTON (late of Trin. Col.) + +[Footnote 2: This Query has been incidentally noticed in "N. & Q.," +Vol. v., pp. 13. 208.--ED.] + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Sewell Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 521.).--Your correspondent D. N. states, +that "nothing farther is known of the family of Lieut.-Col. Sewell, who +died in 1803, than that he had a son Thos. Bailey Heath Sewell, Cornet in +32nd Light Dragoons, and Lieutenant 4th Dragoon Guards." Had he referred to +Lodge's _Peerage_, he would have found that the Honorable Harriet +Beresford, fourth daughter of the Most Rev. Wm. Beresford, Lord Archbishop +of Tuam, and first Baron Decies, married Jan. 25, 1796, Thos. Henry +Bermingham (not Bailey) Daly Sewell, Esq.; and died June 11, 1834, having +had three children, viz.: + +1. Thomas, formerly Page of Honour to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, +_circa_ 1829, afterwards a pensioner of Trin. Coll. Dublin, and +subsequently Lieutenant 13th Light Infantry; who died at Landour, Bengal, +Aug. 1, 1836. + +2. Isabella, who married her cousin Major Marcus Beresford, in October, +1828; and died in 1836. + +3. Louisa, married to the Hon. Sir W. E. Leeson, and died in 1849 or 1850. + +Will D. N. favour me with the dates of the birth and death of the late +unfortunate, and, as I believe, ill-used Lieut.-General John Whitelocke, +whom he mentions, with the localities where the birth and death occurred? + +G. L. S. + + [We have submitted our correspondent's communication to D. N., who has + kindly forwarded the following reply: + + "My communication (Vol. viii., p. 521.) I was aware was far from a + perfect pedigree of the Sewell family, and my object was to give such + notices as might form an outline to be filled up by some one more + competently informed. Your correspondent G. L. S. has very well + supplied the _caetera desunt_, where my information terminated with the + appointment of Cornet Sewell to a Lieutenancy in the 4th (Royal Irish) + Dragoon Guards. In the London Gazette 13789, June 23, 1795, he is + inserted as 'Mr. Bermingham Daly Henry Sewell' to be a cornet in the + 32nd Light Dragoons; and as in filling up commissions much accuracy is + always considered very essential, I am disposed to regard those + Christian names as correct. + + "There was a Rev. George Sewell, Rector of Byfleet, Surrey, Was he a + brother of Lieut.-Col. Sewell of the Surrey Light Dragoons? + + "Did the Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell marry a second wife? For I find, + in _The Globe_ of October 9, 1820: 'Died, Saturday, Sept. 16, at + Twyford Lodge, Maresfield, Sussex, in her seventy-eighth year, Lady + Sewell, widow of the late Right Hon. Sir Thomas Sewell, Master of the + Rolls and Privy Councillor, &c.' Now, in Manning's _Surrey_, vol. iii. + p. 201., it is stated that Lieut.-Col. Sewell died in 1803, in his + fifty-eighth year, which would render it impossible for him to be the + son of the above-named Lady Sewell. In Horsfield's _Sussex_, 4to., + 1835, vol. i. p. 375., I find a William Luther Sewell, Esq., who most + probably was connected by the second marriage, residing at the above + Twyford Lodge. + + "I regret that I cannot reply distinctly to the inquiries of G. L. S. + respecting the late Lieut.-General Whitelocke. I have ineffectually + searched all the various biographical dictionaries to that of the Rev. + H. J. Rose in twelve volumes, 1848, inclusive, without having found one + that has taken the least notice of him. I had casually heard, some + years since, that he had fixed his residence in Somersetshire, and that + he had died there; which I find confirmed by a paragraph in the _Annual + Register_, vol. lxxvi. for 1834 (_Chronicle_), p. 218., which states + that he died 'near Bath,' in February, 1834. With such scanty + information on the required points, I would still refer G. L. S. to a + work entitled _The Georgian Aera_, in 4 vols., London, 1832; where he + will find, in vol. ii. p 475., a short _military_ memoir of + Lieut.-General Whitelocke, which is dispassionately and candidly + written, and which accounts very reasonably for the inauspicious result + of his military operations. There is one slight error in the account of + _The Georgian Aera_, viz. in the date of the {622} _first_ appointment + of Mr. Whitelocke to a commission in the army, which appears in the + _London Gazette_, No. 11938. of December 26, 1778, and runs thus: '14th + Foot, John Whitelocke, Gent., to be Ensign _vice_ Day."--I trust some + reader of "N. & Q." will furnish us with the dates of the birth and + death of Lieut.-General Whitelocke, specifying when they took place, as + desired by G. L. S., with an abridgment of deficient particulars in his + history. D. N."] + +_Greek Epigram._--In the _Bath Chronicle_ of the 10th of November last, I +find the following advertisement: + + "The Clergyman of a Town Parish, in which are several crippled persons, + at present unable to attend divine worship, will feel very grateful to + any gentleman or lady who will give him an old Bath chair for the use + of these poor people; two blind men having offered, in this case, + charitably to convey their crippled neighbours regularly to the house + of God." + +Surely this arrangement is not a new idea, and there is, if I mistake not, +a Greek epigram that records its success in practice several hundred years +ago. Can any of your readers, whose Greek is less faded than mine, refer me +to the epigram? + +GEO. E. FRERE. + + [Probably the following epigram is the one floating in the faded memory + of our correspondent: + + [Greek: PHILIPPOU, hoi de ISIDOROU.] + [Greek: Peros ho men guiois, ho d' ar' ommasin; amphoteroi de] + [Greek: Eis hautous to tuches endees eranisan,] + [Greek: Tuphlos gar lipoguion epomadion baros airon,] + [Greek: Tais keinou phonais atrapon orthobatei,] + [Greek: Panta de taut' edidaxe pikre pantolmos ananke,] + [Greek: Allelois merisai toullipes eis eleon.] + _Anthologia, in usum Scholae Westmonast._: + Oxon. 1724, p. 58.] + +_Translations from Aeschylus._--Whose translation of the tragedies of +Aeschylus is that which accompanies Flaxman's compositions from the same? I +ought to state that there is merely a line or two under each plate, to +explain the subject of each composition, and that my copy is the unreduced +size. + +H. + +Kingston-on-Thames. + + [The lines are taken from N. Potter's translation of the Tragedies of + Aeschylus, 4to., 1777.] + +_Prince Memnon's Sister._--Who was Prince Memnon's sister, alluded to by +Milton in _Il Penseroso_? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + + [Dunster has the following note on this line:--"Prince Memnon's sister; + that is, an Ethiopian princess, or sable beauty. Memnon, king of + Ethiopia, being an auxiliary of the Trojans, was slain by Achilles. + (See Virg. _Aen._ I. 489., '_Nigri_ Memnonis arma.') It does not, + however, appear that Memnon had any sister. Tithonus, according to + Hesiod, had by Aurora only two sons, Memnon and Emathion, _Theog._ 984. + This lady is a creation of the poet."] + +_"Oh! for a blast," &c._--Who was the author of the couplet-- + + "Oh! for a blast of that dread horn, + On Fontarabian echoes borne?" + +A. J. DUNKIN. + + [The lines-- + + "O for the voice of that wild horn, + On Fontarabia's echoes borne, + The dying hero's call,"-- + + are by Sir Walter Scott, and form part of those which excited the + horror of the father of Frank Osbaldiston, when he examined his + waste-book in search of _Reports outward and inward_--Corn Debentures, + &c. See _Rob Roy_, chap. ii. p. 24. ed. 1829.] + +_Robin Hood's Festival._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to a good +account of the festival of Robin Hood, which was so popular with our +ancestors, that Bishop Latimer could get no one to come to hear him preach +on that day? + +In the churchwardens' accounts of St. Helens, Abingdon, published in the +first volume of the _Archaeologia_, there is an entry in 1566 of the sum of +18d. paid for "setting up Robin Hood's Bower." + +R. W. B. + + [The best account of Robin Hood's festival on the first and succeeding + days of May is given in _Robin Hood: a Collection of all the Ancient + Poems, Songs, and Ballads, relative to that celebrated Outlaw_; [by + Joseph Ritson], among the notes and illustrations in vol. i. pp. + xcvii--cx. Consult also _A Lytell Geste of Robin Hode_, by John Matthew + Gutch, vol. i. pp. 60--64.; and George Soane's _New Curiosities of + Literature_, vol. i. pp. 231--236.] + +_Church in Suffolk._--In restoring a church in Suffolk, apparently of the +date of Henry VII., except two Norman doors, the walls were found full of +Norman mouldings of about 1100, or not much after. Will you kindly give me +a list of the works where I may be likely to find an account of this +original church? Davy and Jermyn's _Suffolk_, in the British Museum, says +nothing about it. The two Norman doors are universally admired, and the +church is now Norman still throughout. In the reconstruction of about 1100, +the two doors do not seem to have been in any way restored or meddled with. + +G. L. + + [Our correspondent may probably find some account of this church either + in Suckling's _Antiquities of Suffolk_, 4to., 2 vols., Gage's _History + of Suffolk_ (Thingoe Hundred), 4to., or in H. Jermyn's Collections for + a General History of Suffolk, in the British Museum, Add. MSS. + 8168--8196.] + + * * * * * + + +{623} + +Replies. + +CHILDREN CALLED IMPS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 443.) + +"Heere resteth the bodye of the noble Impe, Robert of Duddeley, Baron of +Denbigh, sonne of Robert, Earle of Leicester, nephew and heire unto +Ambrose, Earle of Warwick, brethren, both sonnes of the mighty Prince John, +late Duke of Northumberland, that was cosin and heire to Sir John Grey, +Vicount L'Isle, nephew and heire unto the Lady Margaret, Countesse of +Shrewsbury, the eldest daughter and coheire of the noble Earle of Warr: Sir +Richard Beauchampe here interred; a childe of great parentage, but of farr +greater hope and towardnesse, taken from this transitory unto everlasting +life in his tender age, at Wanstead in Essex, on Sunday, 19th of July, in +the yeare of our Lord God 1584, being the 26th yeare of the happy raine of +the most virtuous and godly Princesse, Queene Elizabeth, and in this place +layd up among his noble auncestors, in assured hope of the generall +resurrection."--_Lady's Chapel, St. Mary's Church, Warwick._ + +H. B. + +Warwick. + +An inscription on a tomb at Besford, near Pershore, Worcestershire, of the +same period as that at Aylesbury (mentioned by MR. BROOKS), contains also +the word _imp_. The tomb at Besford is a most singular one, consisting of +two large folding doors fixed against the wall, their panels and the +interior being painted over with figures and inscriptions. From the latter, +which are of some length, the following extracts will be sufficient to +illustrate the subject: + + "An _impe_ entombed heere doth lie." + + "... elder ... from Christ to straie, + When such an _impe_ foreshewes the waie." + +The old poetical word _sugared_, "Noe sugred word," occurs in the +inscription. + +The "impe" is supposed to be Richard Harewell, who died in 1576, aged 15 +years, to whom a second monument, of alabaster (close by the former), was +also erected; a rare circumstance, I should suppose. The Harewells appear +to have been a family at the time of the Conquest; the two following lines +are a part of one of the inscriptions: + + "Of Harewell's blodde ere Conquest made, + Knowne to descende of gentle race." + +Nash, in his _History of Worcestershire_, makes mention of this singular +monument, but is anything but correct in giving its inscriptions. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +T. W. D. BROOKS will find this word used by some modern authors to denote a +child. In _Moral and Sacred Poetry_, selected and arranged by the Rev. T. +Willcocks and the Rev. T. Horton (Devonport, W. Byers, 1834), there is at +p. 254. a piece by Baillie, addressed "To a Child," the first line of which +runs thus: + + "Whose _imp_ art thou, with dimpled cheek?" + +And in a poem by Rogers, on the following page, the children of a gipsy are +called _imps_. + +J. W. N. KEYS. + +Plymouth. + + * * * * * + +THE DIVINING ROD. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 293. 479.) + +The inclosed extract from a letter which I have just received from a friend +on the subject of the divining rod, will probably interest your readers as +an answer to a Query which appeared some weeks ago in your excellent work. +You may entirely rely on the accuracy of the facts stated. + +J. A. H. + +"However the pretended effect of the divining rod may be attributed to +knavery and credulity by philosophers who will not take the trouble of +witnessing and investigating the operation, any one who will pay a visit to +the Mendip Hills in Somersetshire, and the country round their base, may +have abundant proof of the efficacy of it. Its success has been very +strikingly proved along the range of the Pennard Hills also, to the South +of the Mendip. The faculty of discovering water by means of the divining +rod is not possessed by every one; for indeed there are but few who possess +it in any considerable degree, or in whose hands the motion of the rod, +when passing over an underground stream, is very decided; and they who have +it are quite unconscious of their capability until they are made aware of +it by experiment. + +"I saw the operation of the rod, or rather of a fork, formed of the shoots +of the last year, held in the hands of the experimentor by the extremities, +with the angle projecting before him. When he came over the spot beneath +which the water flowed, the rod, which had before been perfectly still, +writhed about with considerable force, so that the holder could not keep it +in its former position; and he appealed to the bystanders to notice that he +had made no motion to produce this effect, and used every effort to prevent +it. The operation was several times repeated with the same result, and each +time under the close inspection of shrewd and doubting, if not incredulous, +observers. Forks of any kind of green wood served equally well, but those +of dead wood had no effect. The experimentor had discovered water, in +several instances, in the same parish (Pennard), but was perfectly unaware +of his capability till he was requested by his landlord to try. The +operator had the reputation of a perfectly honest man, whose word might be +safely {624} trusted, and who was incapable of attempting to deceive any +one--as indeed appeared by his open and ingenuous manner and conversation +on this occasion. He was a farmer, and respected by all his neighbours. So +general is the conviction of the efficacy of the divining rod in +discovering both water and the ores of calamine or zinc all over the +Mendip, that the people are quite astonished when any doubt is expressed +about it. The late Dr. Hutton wrote against the pretension, as one of many +instances of deception founded upon gross ignorance and credulity; when a +lady of quality, who herself possessed the faculty, called upon him, and +gave him experimental proof, in the neighbourhood of Woolwich, that water +was discoverable by that means. This Dr. Hutton afterwards publicly +acknowledged. + +"The above I suppose will suffice for your present purpose; I could, +however, say a great deal more, for I wrote a very long account many years +ago to our friend ----, of what I have now only briefly stated. That letter +was treated by certain scientific friends of his with contempt; but when I +afterwards saw poor Dr. Turner, he said he would go down to Somerset to see +it himself; but alas! he did not live to carry his intention into effect." + + * * * * * + +CHANGE OF MEANING IN PROVERBIAL EXPRESSIONS, ETC. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 464, 465.) + +Very hesitatingly I venture to express dissent from MR. KEIGHTLEY'S +ingenious suggestion of a change of meaning in the proverb "Tread on a worm +and it will turn." I support my dissent, however, by the following lines +from Shakspeare: + + "Who 'scapes the lurking serpent's mortal sting? + Not he that sets his foot upon her back. + The smallest worm will turn, being trodden on; + And doves will peck in safe-guard of their brood." + Third Part of _King Henry VI._, Act II. Sc. 2. + +King Henry says, Withhold revenge, dear God! + +Clifford replies, The lion, the bear, the serpent, the smallest worm, and +doves, if injured, will make an effort at revenge or defence. It is clear +that Shakspeare uses the word _worm_ as meaning, not a venomous serpent, +but the most defenceless of reptiles. + +Again, I do not think that MR. KEIGHTLEY'S quotation from Schiller's +_Wallenstein's Tod_ supports his view. I am not a German scholar, but I +find that the translator of _Wallenstein's Tod_ (I believe Lord Ellesmere) +has translated or paraphrased the lines quoted by MR. KEIGHTLEY as follows: + + "But nature gave the very worm a sting, + When trampled on by man, to turn again." + +The sense of the passage (spoken by Butler) requires that "wurm" should be +understood to mean a harmless despised reptile, not a venomous serpent. + +It seems that Schiller had Shakspeare in his mind when he wrote the lines +in question; indeed, they are almost a copy of Shakspeare's line. I +consider them as parallel passages. + +It may not be irrelevant to observe that _worm_ in some places still means +a serpent; but I believe it has usually a prefix, as "hag-worm" in +Westmoreland and the West Riding of Yorkshire; so also in the latter +"slow-worm" means a species of small snake or viper found on some of the +moors. (For "slow-worm," see "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., pp. 33. and 479.) I +have been told that "blind-worm" in Surrey means a viper. I conclude with a +Query, Does _Wurm_ in modern German ever mean a serpent? + +F. W. J. + +"To put a spoke in one's wheel," is not singular in its _double entendre_ +(Vol. viii., pp. 262. 351. 464.). "There is no love lost between them" is +in a similar predicament. We now speak of no love being lost between A. and +B., when we would intimate that the warmth of their mutual affection may be +accurately represented by 32deg Fahrenheit. That this has not always been +the meaning of the phrase, the following verse from the old ballad of _The +Children in the Wood_ will testify: + + "Sore sick he was, and like to die, + No help that he could have; + His wife by him as sick did lie, + And both possess'd one grave. + _No love between these two was lost_, + Each was to other kind; + In love they lived, in love they died, + And left two babes behind." + +R. PRICE. + +St. Ives. + + * * * * * + +SNEEZING. + +(Vol. viii., p. 366.) + +A collection of "facts, theories, and popular ideas" upon this subject +would fill a volume. I send, however, a few extracts, &c., which may +interest your correspondent MEDICUS: + + "Et n'esternuay point regardant le soleil." + + "And did not sneeze as he looked upon the sun." + Ronsard, tom. v. p. 158., quoted in Southey's + _Common Place Book_, 3rd series, p. 303. + +Here, not to sneeze appears to be looked on as an ill omen. + +Ammianus has an epigram upon one whose nose was so long that he never heard +it sneeze, and therefore never said [Greek: Zeu soson], God bless.--_Notes +on the Variorum Plautus_ (ed. Gronov., Lugd. Bat.), p. 720. {625} + +Athenaeus, says Potter in his _Archaeologia Graeca_, proves that the head +was esteemed holy, because it was customary to swear by it, and adore as +holy the sneezes that proceeded from it. And Aristotle tells us in express +terms that sneezing was accounted a deity: "[Greek: Ton Ptarmon theon +hegoumetha]"--_Archaeol. Graec._ (5th ed.), p. 338. + + "Oscitatio in nixu letalis est, sicut + Sternuisse a coitu abortivum." + Quoted from Pliny by Aulus Gellius, + _Noct. Att._ III. xvi. 24. + +Erasmus, in his _Colloquies_, bids one say to him who sneezes, "Sit faustum +ac felix," or "Servet te Deus," or "Sit salutiferum" or "Bene vertat Deus." + + "Quare homines sternutant? + + "Respondetur, ut virtus expulsiva et visiva, per hoc purgetur, et + cerebrum a sua superfluitate purgetur, etc. Etiam qui sternutat + frequenter, dicitur habere forte cerebrum."--_Aristotelis Problemata_: + Amstelodami, anno 1690. + +Query whether from some such idea of the beneficial effect of sneezing, +arose the practice of calling for the divine blessing on the sneezer? + +When Themistocles was offering sacrifice, it happened that three beautiful +captives were brought him, and at the same time the fire burnt clear and +bright, and a sneeze happened on the right hand. Hereupon Euphrantides the +soothsayer, embracing him, predicted the memorable victory which was +afterwards obtained by him, &c. + +There is also mention of this custom (the observation of sneezing) in +Homer, who has introduced Penelope rejoicing at a sneeze of her son +Telemachus: + + "[Greek: Ouch horaas ho moi huios epeptaren]" + +Sneezing was not always a lucky omen, but varied according to the +alteration of circumstances--"[Greek: Ton ptarmon hoi men eisin ophelimoi, +hoi de blaberoi]," "Some sneezes are profitable, others +prejudicial"--according to the scholiast upon the following passage of +Theocritus, wherein he makes the sneezing of the Cupids to have been an +unfortunate omen to a certain lover: + + "[Greek: Simichida men erotes epeptaron.]" + +If any person sneezed between midnight and the following noontide it was +fortunate, but from noontide till midnight it was unfortunate. + +If a man sneezed at the table while they were taking away, or if another +happened to sneeze upon his left hand, it was unlucky; if on the right +hand, fortunate. + +If, in the undertaking any business, two or four sneezes happened, it was a +lucky omen, and gave encouragement to proceed; if more than four, the omen +was neither good nor bad; if one or three, it was unlucky, and dehorted +them from proceeding in what they had designed. If two men were +deliberating about any business, and both of them chanced to sneeze +together, it was a prosperous omen.--_Archaeol. Graec._ (5th ed.), pp. 339, +340. + +FRANCIS JOHN SCOTT. + +Tewkesbury. + +The custom your correspondent MEDICUS alludes to, of wishing a person "good +health," after sneezing, is also very common in Russia. The phrases the +Russians use on these occasions are--"To your good health!" or "How do you +do?" + +J. S. A. + +Old Broad Street. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346.) + +To the list of these literary _auto da fe's_ we may well add the burning of +Bishop Burnet's famous _Pastoral Letter_, which was censured by the House +of Commons, January, 1692, and was burned by the common hangman. The +offence contained in it was the ascribing the title of William III. to the +crown of England to a right of conquest. A recollection of this gives +additional point to the irony of Atterbury in attacking Wake: + + "William the Conqueror is another of the pious patterns he recommends, + 'who would suffer nothing,' he says, 'to be determined in any + ecclesiastical causes without leave and authority first had from + him.'... His present majesty is not William the Conqueror; and can no + more by our constitution rule absolutely either in Church or State than + he would if he could: his will and pleasure is indeed a law to all his + subjects; not in a conquering sense, but because his will and pleasure + is only that the laws of our country should be obeyed, which he came + over on purpose to rescue, and counts it his great prerogative to + maintain; and contemns therefore, I doubt not, such sordid flattery as + would measure the extent of his supremacy from the Conqueror's + claim."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of Convocation_, + pp. 158--160. + +Atterbury never misses a hit at Burnet when he can conveniently administer +one, and the Bishop endeavours to smile even while he winces: + + "He writes with just and due respect of the king and the present + constitution. This has come so seldom from that corner that it ought to + be the more considered. I will not give that scope to jealousy as to + suspect that this was an artifice; but accept it sincerely," &c.--The + Bishop of Sarum's _Reflections on the Rights, Powers, &c._. p. 4. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +The following, may come under the list wanted by BALLIOLENSIS: + + "The covenant itself, together with the act for erecting the high court + of justice, that for subscribing the engagement, and that for declaring + England a {626} Commonwealth, were ordered to be burned by the hands of + the hangman. The people assisted with great alacrity on this + occasion."--From Hume, Reign of Charles II., edit. London, 1828, p. + 762. + +On a copy of _La Defense de la Reformation, &c_., par I. Claude, a La Haye, +1683, I noted the following about thirty years ago as a striking passage, +but cannot now recollect from whence I took it. This book was condemned by +the Pope to be burned, on which circumstance the editor of an old edition +of it very appositely observes: + + "Books have souls as well as men, which survive their martyrdom, and + are not burnt, but crowned by the flames that encircle them. The Church + of Rome has quickly felt there was nothing combustible but the paper. + The truth flew upward like the angel from Manoah's sacrifice, untouched + by the fire, and unsullied by the smoke, and found a safe refuge at the + footstool of the God of Truth." + +G. N. + + * * * * * + +JEWS IN CHINA. + +(Vol. viii., p. 515.) + +The only people known as descendants of any of the ten tribes are the +Spomerim, or Samaritans; whose chief peculiarity is, that they acknowledge +as sacred only the five books of Moses: for, although other books held +sacred by the Jews are known to them, such books are not written in the +same ancient alphabetic character as those of the Samaritan Pentateuch. The +ten tribes were then taken captive B.C. 721 (2 Kings xvii. 24--41.). The +inference is, therefore, that all the books, from Joshua to Malachi +inclusive, had not been composed or admitted into the holy canon till after +that date. The criterion then for ascertaining whether the Chinese Jews are +descended from the ten tribes, appears to be their adherence to the +Pentateuch _alone_ as sacred. I. The Chinese Jews have not the ancient +Hebrew character, but the comparatively modern square Chaldee one, as in +our printed Bibles. II. Gozani states that the Jews of Kaafung Foo, in +Honan, had some traditions from the Talmud. The Mishnah, constituting the +text of the Talmud, is manifestly a compilation _subsequent_ to the closing +of the Jewish canon; the quotations from the books following those of Moses +being constantly in use therein. III. On Gozani mentioning Jesus the +Messiah, the Chinese Jew said they had a knowledge of Jesus the son of +Sirach. As, however, the book of the last-named writer is unknown in +Hebrew, Gozani, who was ignorant of that language, may have mistaken him +for Jesus (=Joshua) the son of Nun, with which book the Chinese Jew was +acquainted.[3] In either case, _more_ books than the Pentateuch were +undoubtedly held sacred by these Chinese Jews; therefore the connexion with +the ten tribes (house of Israel), as distinct from the house of Judah (the +Jews properly so called), cannot be inferred. The authorities for the +Samaritans are Scaliger, Ludolf, Prideaux, Jahn, Huntington, Winer, +Schnurrer, and Kitto. For the eastern Jews: Josephus, Peritsol, Manasseh, +Basnage, Buesching; Fathers Ricci, Aleni, Gozani, and other Jesuits, in the +_Lettres edifiantes et curieuses_, vol. xviii.; and the _Chinese +Repository_, vol. i. pp. 8. 44., vol. iii. p. 175. + +Circumcision is too general a practice in the hotter regions of the south +and east, to permit such practice to be deemed proof of Jewish descent, +unless corroborated by other customs peculiar to the Jews. Besides the +physiological characteristics of the native Australians preclude us from +deducing their natural descent from either the _Jews_ or the ten tribes. + +T.J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +[Footnote 3: The opprobrious name of Christ amongst the Jews is Jesus son +of Sadta, which Gozani may have mistaken for Sirach; indeed,--the Chinese +pronunciation of Hebrew is quite peculiar, as they cannot pronounce, for +instance, the letters _b_, _r_, _th_, naming them respectively _p_, _l_, +_z_.] + + * * * * * + +POETICAL TAVERN SIGNS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 242. 452.) + +I made a note of the following specimen of poetical tavern sign, in one of +Mr. Mark Lemon's Supplements to _The Illustrated London News_ (Dec. 27, +1851). I here transcribe it to add to MR. WARDE'S collection: + + "The following is a literal copy of a sign conspicuously displayed in + front of a small public-house in the village of Folkesworth,[4] near + Stilton, Hunts. It contains as much poetry as, perhaps, the rustic + Folkesworth folks are worth; and doubtless they think it to be (in the + Stilton vernacular) 'quite the cheese:' + + [A rude figure of a Fox.] + + 'I . HAM . A . CUNEN . FOX + YOU . SEE . THER . HIS + NO . HARME . ATCHED + TO . ME . IT . IS . MY . MRS. + WISH . TO . PLACE . ME + HERE . TO . LET . YOU . NO + HE . SELS . GOOD . BEERE.' + + "The Captain Rawlinson of the district has deciphered this inscription, + and conjectures its meaning to be as follows: + + 'I am a cunning fox, you see; + There is no harm attach'd to me; + It is my master's wish to place me here, + To let you know he sells good beer.'" + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +[Footnote 4: It was in the lane between Folkesworth and the Norman Cross +Barracks, that Borrow was first induced to try the gipsy life. (Vide +_Lavengro_.)] + +{627} + +Bradford: + + "Who lives here? who do you think? + Major Lister: give him a drink. + Give him a drink--for why? + Because, when he's sweeping, + He's always dry." + + "John Thompson doth live here, + He sweeps your chimney not too dear. + And if your chimney should get on fire, + He puts it out at your desire. + Sweep that chimney clean, + And then come down and drink." + +The public-houses to which the above are appended are kept by sweeps. + + "Call here, my boy, if you are dry. + The fault's in you, and not in I. + If Robin Hood from home is gone, + Step in and drink with Little John." + +The name of the public-house is "The Robin Hood." + +Over another tavern door I noticed the following very pithy and brief +sentence: + + "Tobacco given away to-morrow." + +CHARLES WILLISON. + +Bradford, Yorkshire. + +A sign at Newhouse, a small public-house on Dartmoor, hard by a +rabbit-warren, on the roadside leading from Moreton to Tavistock, six miles +from the former town. John Roberts was the worthy landlord some +considerable time since. It ran thus: + + "John Roberts lives here, + Sells brandy and beer, + Your spirits to cheer; + And should you want meat, + To make up the treat, + There be rabbits to eat." + (A verbatim copy.) + +A swinging sign on the front of a public-house on the borders of Dartmoor +could once boast of like following quaint invitations. + +The side presented to view, prior to entering the wild waste, underneath a +rude painting of a weary traveller in a storm, had the following rude +couplet: + + "Before the wild moor you venture to pass, + Pray step within and take a glass." + +The attempt at poetry on the reverse side, below a highly-coloured daub +representing a Christmas fire on the hearth, surrounded by a goodly band of +jolly fellows, read thus: + + "Now that the bleak moor you've safely got over, + Do stop a while, your spirits to recover." + +Over the door of a spirit and beer shop at the lower end of Market or High +Street, Plymouth, may be seen the following very salutary aid disinterested +piece of advice. It is printed in the triangle formed by the spread of a +gigantic pair of compasses, which gives name to the house: + + "Keep within compass, + And then you'll be sure, + To avoid many troubles, + That others endure." + +The house is located near the quay; and it is devoutly to be wished that +the jolly tars of the neighbourhood, who make it a constant place of +resort, would profit by its wise counsel. + +H. H. H. + +There is (or was some two or three years since) at Coopersale, in Essex, a +sign-board in front of the "Queen Victoria" (only a beer-house by the way), +with these lines: + + "The Queen some day, + May pass this way, + And see our Tom and Jerry; + Perhaps she'll stop, + And stand a drop, + To make her subjects merry." + +On the other side are some different lines, which I forget. + + ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + + * * * * * + + +1. At Overseal, Leicestershire: + + "Robin Hood is + Dead and gone: + Pray call, and drink + With Little John." + +2. The sign of "The Bee Hive," in Birmingham and other places: + + "Within this Hive, we're all alive, + Good liquor makes us funny: + If you are dry, step in and try, + The flavour of our honey." + +3. The sign of "The Gate" (of frequent occurrence): + + "The Gate hangs well, + And hinders none; + Refresh and pay, + And travel on." + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +In King Street, Norwich, at the sign of "The Waterman," kept by a man who +is a barber, and over whose door is the pole, are these lines: + + "Roam not from pole to pole, + But step in here; + Where nought exceeds the shaving, + But the beer." + +J. L. S. + +There used to be at a small roadside inn, between Wetherby and Borobridge +(Yorkshire), at a place called Ninivy, the following inscription; {628} +whether or not it is still in existence I cannot say: + + "At Nineveh, where dwelt Old Toby, + Pray stop and drink before you go by." + +C. I. R. + + * * * * * + +THE CURFEW. + + (Vol. ii., pp. 103. 175. 189. 311.; Vol. iv., p. 240.; Vol. vi., pp. + 53. 112.; Vol. vii., pp. 167. 530.; Vol. viii., p. 603.) + +The curfew is still rung at Kidderminster at eight o'clock. It is the +annual custom there, on a certain night, to continue the ringing for one +hour, a sum of money having been left for that purpose as a thank-offering +to God, for the curfew having been the means of saving a person from +destruction. This person had lost his way on his return from Bridgenorth +Fair, and when (as he afterwards discovered) on the point of falling from a +great height, the sound of the Kidderminster curfew caused him to retrace +his steps and regain the road. A five o'clock morning bell is also rung at +Kidderminster. This and the curfew bell have been rung for many years past +by "Blind William," who, notwithstanding his total blindness, finds his way +along the streets that lead from his house to the church, and gains the +belfry with the greatest ease. So well is he acquainted with the path to +church, that he may be seen to turn the corners of the streets in as +decided a manner as if his wide-open eyes were endowed with sight; and, +with similar facility, he unlocks the gates and church doors. It is curious +to see him on the dark winter evenings, apparently guiding his steps by the +light of a lanthorn, which he probably carries in order to prevent careless +people, who are blessed with sight, from running against him. Like most (if +not all) blind people, he has an extraordinary ear for music, and will +quickly reproduce on his violin any tune that may have caught his fancy. At +this present festive period, a Kidderminster Christmas would lack one of +its component parts, were Blind Willie and his fiddle not there to add to +the harmony of the kindly season. During the month preceding Christmas, he +promenades the streets at untimely hours, and draws from his old fiddle all +the music which it is capable of giving forth. Indeed, Blind Willie may be +considered (in Kidderminster at least) as the harbinger of Christmas, for +he warns the inhabitants of its approach, long before the ordinary "waits" +have taken their ordinary measures for the same purpose. And when Christmas +Day is past and gone, he makes house-to-house visitation for the +Christmas-box which is to be the reward of his "early minstrelsy." + +The curfew is rung at Bewdley in Worcestershire. + +At Durham the curfew is rung (on the great bell of the cathedral) at nine +o'clock. It is therefore of the same use to the students of the University +of Durham as "Tom" is to the students of the University of Oxford, viz. it +marks the closing of the college gates. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Photographic Engraving._--I inclose a copy of a little book for your +inspection, which is remarkable only in this, that the illustrations are +produced by photography. The general theory of the method is this: a piece +of glass is covered with a uniform thin coating of some substance, so as to +be opaque or semi-opaque (the substance should be light coloured), and a +design is etched on it with a needle. From this _negative_ positive +pictures are printed photographically. + +As to details, the prints of the mice (p. 46.) and the cat (p. 37.) are +from a glass coated with iodized collodion rendered sensitive, exposed to +faint light for a short time and developed. In this method, the glass +should be heated; and the collodion _burnished_ with the hand, to make it +adhere well.[5] The owl (p. 22.) and the stork (p. 10.) are from a glass +coated with iodized collodion "rendered sensitive" only, and not developed +so as to be only semi-opaque. On this high lights were put with opaque +white, and darks were etched out. This has the effect of a tinted +lithograph, but requires much more care in printing than the former method, +in order to hit the right tint; so much so, that I have usually printed the +stork faintly so as not to show the "tint" at all. The frontispiece is from +a paper negative, a method much more troublesome and tedious than either of +the others, both in preparation of the negative and in printing. + +I have lately tried gilt glass to etch upon. This would be excellent, were +it not most painful to the eyes. And more than two years ago, I prepared a +negative by painting whites with water colour on transparent glass with +moderate success. + +I have recently received from Rome a positive printed from a negative on +smoked glass, the subject being a mule's head. Of all the methods I have +tried, the best is the first mentioned; and it seems to me easier than any +species of engraving. + +Query, What is the best coating for the glass; and what will be the cost of +printing on a great scale, as compared with woodcut, lithograph, &c.; in +which must be included the cost of the skilled workman which will be saved +by this method? + +HUGH BLACKBURN. + + [When we add that the work referred to is an edition of _The History of + Little Downey_, that the prints in it are executed by a lady, and + printed at home by the photographic process, and that a limited number + of copies may be had on application to Messrs. {629} Constable and Co. + of Edinburgh, the sale being for the benefit of the Glasgow Ragged + School, we have no doubt many of our readers will be glad to secure + copies, and help to forward the good work which its publication is + intended to promote.] + +[Footnote 5: This method was suggested to me by Professor Maconochie, who +indeed prepared the glass on which the mice were etched.] + +_Collodion Negatives._--Allow me to communicate a sure and simple way of +darkening collodion positives for printing. It was shown to me by a friend +of mine; and not having seen it in your "N. & Q.," I have undertaken to lay +it before your readers, hoping that it may be found useful to many +beginners. + +After having developed your picture, as a positive, with protosulphate of +iron and nitric acid, wash it well from the developing fluid, and keep it +on one end that all the water may drop from the plate. Then take three +parts of a concentrated solution of gallic acid, and one part of a nitrate +of silver solution, 60 grains to the ounce of water; mix together, and pour +on the plate. The picture will gradually begin to blacken; and after half +an hour or more, you will obtain a sufficient density for printing a +positive on paper. + +Every one who will take the trouble to try it will be sure to succeed. Of +all the ways to blackening a picture for printing I have tried, not +excepting Professor Maconochie's method with chloride of gold and muriate +of ammonia, the surest I find is the one which I have laid before you. Just +try it, and you will be glad with the result. + +F. M. (a Maltese.) + +Malta, Valetta. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +"_London Labour and the London Poor_" (Vol. viii., p. 527.).--I beg to +inform MR. GANTILLON that the above work is discontinued. The parts +entitled "Those that will work" and "Those that cannot work" have been +completed, and form a valuable book; but the discontinuance of the third +part is no loss at all, for in commencing upon "Those that will not work," +Mr. Mayhew began with a history of prostitution in ancient and modern +times, a subject which did not possess the novelty or originality of his +other divisions, and consequently his readers fell off so fast that he was +forced first to raise the price of, and afterwards to discontinue +altogether, the publication. Probably, if he had confined himself to +treating the London prostitutes as he did the costermongers, the work would +have been completed, and would then have formed a complete encyclopaedia of +London Labour and the London Poor. + +ARTHUR C. WILSON. + +Brompton. + +_Felicia Hemans's inedited Lyric_ (Vol. viii., p. 407.).--Your +correspondent MR. WELD TAYLOR seems to possess the first rude draught of +the following beautiful piece by Felicia Hemans, entitled, "The Elfin +Call," a duet sung by Miss A. Williams and Miss M. Williams, Miss Messent +and Miss Dolby, Mrs. A. Newton and Miss Lanza, Miss Cubitt and Miss Porter, +Mrs. Aveling Smith and Miss Sara Flower, Miss Emma Lucombe and Miss Eliza +Birch, Miss Turner and Miss E. Turner. The music by Stephen Glover: + + "Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet, + Come to the dingles where fairies meet; + Know that the lilies have spread their bells + O'er all the pools in our forest dells; + Come away, under arching bows we'll float, + Making each urn a fairy boat; + We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free, + And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be. + And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low, + It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow; + As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh, + Or water-drops train'd into melody, + And a star from the depth of each pearly cup, + A golden star into heav'n looks up, + As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie, + Set in the blue of the summer sky." + +J. YEOWELL. + +_Sir Arthur Aston_ (Vol. viii., pp. 126. 302.).--Though unable to inform +CHARTHAM and A READER in what part of the co. of Berks the above cavalier +resided during the interval of time named by the former, I think I can +state the connexion, by marriage only, between the Tattersall and Aston +families: I believe it will be found that they were not "nearly related." + +Thomas Howard, fourth duke of Norfolk, by his first wife, Mary Fitzalan, +had Philip (_jure matris_), Earl of Arundel, who died 1595 attainted, and +was succeeded by Thomas, created Earl of Norfolk. This last was father of +Henry Frederick and grandfather of Charles Howard, of Greystock Castle, who +married Mary, eldest daughter and coheiress of George Tattersall, of West +Court, Finchampstead, and Stapleford, co. Wilts. + +Charles Howard, as above, was the fourth brother of Henry, sixth Duke of +Norfolk, which last was grandfather (through Thomas, his son, of Worksop) +of Mary Howard, who married Walter Aston, fourth Baron Aston, of Forfar, in +Scotland. + +H. C. C. + +I furnished a memoir of this famous soldier to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ +in 1833 or 1834. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +_Grammar in relation to Logic_ (Vol. viii., p. 514).--MR. INGLEBY evidently +has but a superficial view of this doctrine, which is not only Dr. +Latham's, but one, I apprehend, pretty well known to every Oxford +undergraduate, viz. that, logically, _conjunctions connect propositions, +not words_. By way of proving the falsity of it (which he says is +demonstrable), he bids Dr. Latham "resolve this sentence: _All men are +either two-legged, one-legged, or no-legged_:" and adds, "It cannot be +done." I may inform him that the three categorical propositions, "A man is +two-legged, or he is {630} one-legged, or he is no-legged," connected by +their several copulas, are equivalent to and co-extensive with the +disjunctive proposition which he instances. + +MR. INGLEBY quotes Boole's _Mathematical (?) Analysis of Logic_ in support +of his opinion; but, from the following specimen of that work, it does not +appear to be much of an authority. The author says: + + "The proposition, Every animal is either rational or irrational, cannot + be resolved into, Either every animal is rational or every animal is + irrational. The former belongs to pure categoricals, the latter to + hypotheticals." + +Now the first sentence of this passage is an absurd truism; but the +proposition in question can be resolved into--An animal is rational or it +is irrational. Again, "the former does _not_ belong to pure categoricals," +it is simply disjunctive. MR. INGLEBY falls into the same error, and +moreover seems not to be aware that a disjunctive proposition is at the +same time hypothetical. + +Logically speaking, a conjunction implies two propositions; and, strictly, +connects propositions only. To say that conjunctions connect words, may be +true in a certain sense; but it is a very superficial and loose mode of +stating the matter. + +H. C. K. + +----Rectory, Hereford. + +_Descendants of Milton_ (Vol. viii., p. 339.).--I have in the course of my +life met with or heard of more than once or twice, people of the same +names, and those very uncommon ones, who were in no way related to each +other; nevertheless, I venture to tell your correspondent J. F. M. that +about twenty years ago there was living the skipper of a coasting vessel, +trading between Bridport and London, named Caleb Clark. He or his family +are probably living at Bridport now. + +[Greek: Alpha]. + +_Pronunciation of Bible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The clerk of a +retired parish in North-west Devon, who had to read the first lesson +always, used to make a hash of Shadrac, Meshac, and Abednego; and as the +names are twelve times repeated in the third chapter of Daniel, after +getting through them the first time, he called them "the aforesaid +gentlemen" afterwards. + +W. COLLYNS. + +Harlow. + +_Henry I.'s Tomb_ (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--I fancy that the much mooted +question, as to the existence of a monumental tomb over the remains of King +Henry I. in Reading Abbey, may at once be set at rest by referring to +Tanner's _Notitia Monastica_, edit. 1744, in the second column of p. 15.: +where it is evident that a tomb and an effigy of King Henry I. had once +existed; that they had both fallen into decay; and that, in the time of +King Richard II., the Abbot of Reading was required to repair both the tomb +and the effigy of King Henry the founder, who was there buried, within the +space of one year, as the condition on which the charters were to be +confirmed: + +"Cart. 5 & 6 Ric. II. n. 24.; Pat. 8 Ric. II. p. 1. m. 18. Pat. 16 Ric. II. +p. 1. m. 38.; Pat. 21 Ric. II. p. 3. m. 16. Confirm. Libertatum, modo Abbas +infra unum Annum honeste repararet Tumbam et Imaginem _R. Henrici_ +Fundatoris, ibidem humati." + +I. T. A. + +_Bells at Berwick-upon-Tweed_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.): _Chandler, Bishop of +Durham_ (Vol. viii, p. 331.).--I may perhaps "kill two birds with one +stone," by reminding MESSRS. GATTY and NEWBURN that the Bishops of Durham +were formerly _Princes of the Palatinate_. It was probably in that capacity +that Bishop Chandler delivered a charge to the Grand Jury, and Bishop +Barington licensed a meeting-house bell. This latter prelate was, I +believe, the last who exercised the functions of that high office. + +WM. HAZEL. + +_Return of Gentry, temp. Henry VI._ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--The return of +12th Henry VI. is printed in Fuller's _Worthies_, under each county. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +I read in Fuller's _Worthies_, edit. Nuttall, vol. i. p. 60.: + + "A later list might be presented of the English gentry towards the end + of the reign of King Henry VIII." + +Does this list exist in any of our record offices? + +And has it ever been printed? + +TEWARS. + +_Peter Allan_ (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--Your correspondent E. C. will find +much interesting information respecting this person in an account of him +reprinted from the _Sunderland and Durham County Herald_, and published +(1848) by Vint and Carr, Sunderland, under the title of _Marsden Rock, or +the Story of Peter Allan, and Marsden Marine Grotto_. He, his wife, eight +children, and aged father and mother, are there described as being in a +very flourishing condition: and (if I remember rightly) I saw them all, +when I last visited the rock in 1850. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +_Burial in an Erect Posture_ (Vol. viii., p. 5.).--The following passage, +which I quote from Hearne's _Collection of Antiquarian Discourses_, vol. i. +p. 212., may perhaps prove acceptable to CHEVERELLS, as showing (on +traditional authority) that this mode of burial was anciently adopted in +the case of captains in the army: + + "For them above the grounde buryed, I have by tradition heard, that + when anye notable captayne dyed in battel or campe, the souldyers used + to take his bodye, and to sette him on his feet _uprighte_, and put his + {631} launce or pike into his hand; and then his fellowe souldyers did + by travell everye man bringe so muche earthe, and laye aboute him as + should cover him, and mount up to cover the top of his pike." + +I have a very curious print in my possession, illustrating the manners and +customs of the Laplanders; and, amongst the rest, their modes of burial. In +one case several bodies are represented standing in an upright posture, +perfectly nude, with railings all round except in the front; and another, +one body is represented in a similar condition, inclosed in a kind of +sentry-box. + +R. W. ELLIOTT. + +Clifton. + +_The Word "Mob"_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524. 573.).--Roger North, speaking +of the King's Head, or Green Ribbon Club, which was "a more visible +administration, mediate, as it were, between his lordship (Shaftsbury) and +the greater and lesser vulgar, who were to be the immediate tools," says: + + "I may note that the rabble first changed their title, and were called + _the mob_, in the assemblies of this club. It was their beast of + burthen, and called first _mobile vulgus_, but fell naturally into the + contraction of one syllable, and ever since is become proper + English."--_Examen_, part III. ch. vii. p. 89. + +H. GARDINER. + +_Gen. Sir C. Napier_ (Vol. viii., p. 490.).--I may state, for the +instruction of officers who think study needless in their profession, that, +having enjoyed the intimate friendship of Sir C. Napier for some time +before he had the command in the midland district of England, I constantly +found him engaged in inquiries connected with his profession. He was always +in training. Not long before this time he had returned from Caen, in +Normandy, and he told me that when there he had surveyed the ground on +which William the Conqueror had acquired military fame before he made his +descent on England, and his conclusion was that that Conqueror was +remarkably well instructed for his time in the art of war. He expressed his +intention to write on this subject; but great events soon afterwards called +him to India, which became the scene of his own mastery in military and +civil command. + +T. F. + +_To Come_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--In the Lower Saxon dialect, to come is +_camen_, and the imperfect, as in Gothic, _quam_. It would therefore seem +that the English _came_ is not an innovation, but a partial restoration or +preservation of a very ancient form. (See Adelung's _Woerterbuch_.) + +E. C. H. + +_Passage in Sophocles_ (Vol. viii., pp. 73. 478.).--The Italics were +introduced to draw attention to the _new_ version which was adventured, "N. +& Q." being an excellent medium for such suggestions. + +Sophocles having referred to "an illustrious saying of some one," and the +old scholiast having furnished this saying, + + "[Greek: Hotan d' ho daimon andri porsunei kaka] + [Greek: Ton noun eblapse proton hoi bouleuetai]," + +it merely became necessary to compare the form which Sophocles adopted to +suit his metre with the words of this "illustrious saying," whence it +appeared that-- + + [Greek: hoi bouleuetai prassei d' oligoston chronon ektos atas]; + +and therefore I could not agree with the common version "and that he lives +for a brief space apart from its visitation;" erroneous, as I submit, from +the adoption of Brunck's reading [Greek: prassein], instead of reading, as +I venture to do, with Hermann, [Greek: theos agei ... prassei d'], taking +[Greek: theos] as the nominative of both verbs. + +Neither the Oxford translation, Edwards's, nor Buckley's, renders [Greek: +oligoston] "_very_ brief," agreeably to the admonition of the old scholiast +to the contrary. The word "practise" objected to is, I submit, derived from +[Greek: prasso], to act, through [Greek: pragma], business, and [Greek: +praxis], practice, and is therefore the most appropriate English word, +although the word "does" will furnish Sophocles' meaning nearly as well. I +shall, however, be most happy to submit to correction by any classical +scholar. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Party-Similes of the Seventeenth Century_ (Vol. viii., p. 485.).--I must +beg of you to contradict the loose statement of JARLTZBERG at p. 486. of +this Volume, "as to the object of the Church of England in _separating +from_ Rome." Now, the Church of England did never _separate herself_ from +_any_ Christian Church; the doctrine and discipline of the Church of +England is to be found in her Book of Common Prayer. Popes Paul IV. and +Pius IV. offered to confirm this book, if Queen Elizabeth would acknowledge +the Pope's supremacy; and Roman Catholics in these realms habitually +conformed to the worship of the Church of England for the first _twelve +years_ of Queen Elizabeth's reign, after which time they were prevented +from doing so by the bull of Pius V. (dated Feb. 23, 1569), which +excommunicated that sovereign. + +So Romanists are the separatists, and not Anglicans. + +THOMAS COLLIS. + +_Judges styled Reverend_ (Vol. viii., pp. 158. 276. 351.).--Sir Anthony +Fitzherbert was certainly not chief justice, yet in _A Letter to a +Convocation Man_ I find him so styled: + + "I must admit that it is said in the second part of Rolle's + _Abridgment_, that the Archbishop of Canterbury {632} was prohibited to + hold such assemblies by Fitzherbert, Chief Justice, because he had not + the King's licence; but he adds that the archbishop would not obey it, + and he quotes Speed for it. I shall not consult that lame historian for + a law-point, and it seems strange that Rolle should cite + him."--_L. C. M._, p. 38. + +I have not lately had an opportunity of looking into either Rolle's +_Abridgment of Cases_, or Speed's _History of Great Britain_, but I am not +able to discover to what event in any of Henry VIII.'s convocations +allusion is here made. I am therefore led to think that Fitzherbert must be +a misprint, and that we should read in the above passage "Fitz-Peter," and +that the following is the circumstance, in King John's reign, which is +referred to by the author of the _Letter_: + + "This year (1200), Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury, held a National + Synod at Westminster, notwithstanding the prohibition of Geoffrey + Fitz-Peter, Earl of Essex, and Chief Justiciary of England."--Collier's + _Ecclesiastical History_, vol. i. folio, p. 410. + +I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw farther light on the +passage. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Veneration for the Oak_ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).--Since my Query upon this +matter appeared, I find that Mr. Layard, in his work upon _Nineveh and +Babylon_, at p. 160., describes a cylinder of green felspar, which he +believes to have been the signet of Sennacherib, and upon which is engraved +a rare mode of portraying the supreme deity, and a sacred tree, whose +flowers are in this instance in the shape of an _acorn_. Whence did the +Assyrians derive this veneration for a tree bearing acorns? Did they derive +this notion, as they did their tin, from Celtic Britain? I believe they +did. + +G. W. + +Stansted, Montfichet. + +_Rapping no Novelty_ (Vol. viii., p. 512.).--De Foe, in his veracious +_History of Mr. Duncan Campbell_ (2nd ed., p. 107.), quotes a story of +sprit-knocking from "the renowned and famous" Mr. Baxter's _History of +Apparitions_, prefacing it thus: + + "What in nature can be more trivial than for a spirit to employ himself + in knocking on a morning at the wainscot by the bed's head of a man who + got drunk over night, according to the way that such things are + ordinarily explained? And yet I shall give you such a relation of this, + that not even the most devout and precise Presbyterian will offer to + call in question." + +According to De Foe, Mr. Baxter gave full credit to the story, adding many +pious reflections upon the subject, and expressing himself "posed to think +what kind of spirit this is." + +R. I. R. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +DR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS. Lond. 1662. Folio. + +HIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Romae, 1650. 2 Toms. in 1. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + + * * * * * + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romae, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUAE IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HAERETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONAE ERRONIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, GENTLE READERS! _We trust that, in presenting +you this week with the curious collection of_ FOLK LORE _articles which is +now before you, we have done that which will be agreeable to you._ + +A MERRY CHRISTMAS TO YOU ALL, KIND FRIENDS AND CORRESPONDENTS! _and_ THANKS +TO YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE CO-OPERATION. _May your Christmas logs burn +brightly on your hearths, and bright eyes and happy hearts surround you, at +this "so hallowed and so gracious time!"_ + +_Being anxious to make the present Volume as complete as circumstances will +admit by including within its pages, as far as practicable, all Answers to +the Queries which have been propounded in it, we have this week omitted our +usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. _for the purpose of making room for the +numerous_ REPLIES _which we have in type._ + +E. C. H. _Your friendly suggestion is a very valuable one. There are many +difficulties in the way of carrying it out; but we do not despair of being +enabled to surmount them in the course of another year or two, which we +think will be time enough._ + +W. E. (Pimperne). _Your note has been forwarded._ + +G. C._'s Reply to_ SERVIENS _will appear next week; his Query in the new +Volume._ + +J. D. L. (Bristol). _The custom is almost universal. Horsehoes were found +nailed on the celebrated Gates of Somnauth._ + +E. H. D. D._'s wishes shall be attended to in our next._ + +PHOTOGRAPHER. _Your complaint of the shortness of the notice of the +proposed Exhibition is one we have heard from several quarters. Many will +consequently be prevented sending in pictures for exhibition by the +impossibility of printing them during the present unfavourable weather._ + +INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we +trust, be ready for delivery with_ NO. 221. _on the 21st of January._ + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 590., for "not in the New Testament" read "or of +the New Testament;" and for "read this with an accent on the antepenultima" +read "read this with an accent on the penultima." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + + * * * * * + + +{633} + +Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound, + +PARABLES OF OUR LORD, Illuminated in the Missal Style. 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L. & E., &c. + +Author of "Lectures on Agricultural Chemistry and Geology," "A Catechism of +Agricultural Chemistry," &c. + + * * * * * + +It is the object of the Author to exhibit in this Work the present +Condition of Chemical Knowledge and mastered Scientific Opinion upon the +subjects it treats of. The reader will not be surprised, therefore, should +he find in it some things which differ from what is to be found in other +Popular Works already in his hands, or on the shelves of his Library. + +It will be issued in MONTHLY NUMBERS, in the following order: + + 1.--The AIR we Breathe. + The WATER we Drink. + + 2.--The SOIL we Cultivate. + The PLANT we Rear. + + 3.--The BREAD we Eat. + The BEEF we Cook. + + 4.--The BEVERAGES we Infuse. + + 5.--The SWEETS we Extract. + The LIQUORS we Ferment. + + 6.--The NARCOTICS we Indulge in. + + 7.--The ODOURS we Enjoy. The SMELLS we Dislike. + + 8.--What we BREATHE and + BREATHE For. + What, How, and Why we + Digest. + + 9.--The BODY we Cherish. + The CIRCULATION of + MATTER, a Recapitulation. + +*** Nos. 1 & 2. are published, price Sixpence each. + + * * * * * + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh and London. + + * * * * * + + +SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. + +PRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk. + +Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the +Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for +Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. + + L s. + Annual Subscription 0 10 + Composition for Life 5 0 + +On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required, +from which those Members who join the Society during the present month will +be exempt. + + GEORGE BISH WEBB, + Honorary Secretary. + 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill. + + * * * * * + + +TO ANTIQUITARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + +THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William +College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the +Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an +Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic +Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties +desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application +as above. + + * * * * * + + +ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE. + +REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected +with the Assyrian Language, and would also give _viva voce_ Instruction +therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this +important Study: and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position, +may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory, +Killyleagh, Co. 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NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. Hockin. Price 1s., per +Post. 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +VIEWS IN LONDON. + +STEREOSCOPES AND STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES. + +BLAND & LONG, 153. FLEET STREET, OPTICIANS and PHILOSOPHICAL INSTRUMENT +MAKERS, invite attention to their Stock of STEREOSCOPES of all Kinds, and +in various Materials; also, to their New and Extensive Assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same, in DAGUERREOTYPE on PAPER, and +TRANSPARENT ALBUMEN PICTURES on GLASS, including Views of London, Paris, +the Rhine, Windsor, &c. These Pictures, for minuteness of Detail and Truth +in the Representation of Natural Objects, are unrivalled. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + +*** "Familiar Explanation of the Phenomena" sent on Application. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +{636} + +LITERARY GIFT BOOKS. + + * * * * * + +THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:-- + +I. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. + +II. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. +12s. + +III. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s. + +IV. + +BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. +10s. 6d. + +V. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. + +VI. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and +Vignette. 12s. + +VII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. + +VIII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and +Vignettes. 10s. 6d. + +IX. + +BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. + +X. + +BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. + +XI. + +MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. 18s. + +XII. + +MILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. 21s. + +XIII. + +MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9s. + +XIV. + +LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2s. 6d. + +XV. + +LOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3s. + +XVI. + +CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. Portraits. 15s. + +XVII. + +REJECTED ADDRESSES. With Portrait and Woodcuts. 5s. + +XVIII. + +ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S POEMS AND SONGS. With Woodcuts. 2s. 6d. + +XIX. + +SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S CONSOLATIONS. With Woodcuts. 6s. + +XX. + +SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S SALMONIA. With Woodcuts. 6s. + +XXI. + +HALLAM'S LITERARY ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2s. + +XXII. + +BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With 1000 Woodcuts, Initials, and Coloured Borders. +21s. + +XXIII. + +SOUTHEY'S BOOK OF THE CHURCH. 12s. + +XXIV. + +WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. With 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. 12s. + +XXV. + +BRAY'S LIFE OF STOTHARD. Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 Woodcuts. 21s. + +XXVI. + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by Harvey. 21s. + +XXVII. + +JAMES' FABLES OF AESOP. With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2s. 6d. + +XXVIII. + +ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES." 4s. + +XXIX. + +THE FAIRY RING. With Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7s. 6d. + +XXX. + +JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. With Woodcuts. 6s. + +XXXI. + +JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. With Woodcuts. 6s. + + * * * * * + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming +Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for +insertion by the 4th, of January. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE. + +Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7s. 6d. + +A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature, +Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, Editor of the +"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street; and WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street and +Ivy Lane. + + * * * * * + + +WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. + +Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12s. + +THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, +revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER WILKINSON. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, a New Edition, with an Index, Fcap. 8vo., 5s. + +HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH AUTHORS. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +ROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY. + +Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12s. + +THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the +GREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. By +REV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON. M. A. Vicar of Beakesbourne. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +MILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF HORACE. + +This Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9s., bound. + +LIFE OF HORACE. By the REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. PAUL'S. + +Also, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21s. + +THE WORKS OF HORACE. Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300 +Engravings of Coins, Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique. + + "Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some + antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all + their fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that + the designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."--_Classical Museum._ + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. + +Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 Woodcuts by HARVEY, One +Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea. + +THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ., +Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December +24. 1853. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 217, +December 24, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 24, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 30133.txt or 30133.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/1/3/30133/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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