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diff --git a/30221-8.txt b/30221-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3e6ac4a --- /dev/null +++ b/30221-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph +[January, 1897], by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph [January, 1897] + A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 9, 2009 [EBook #30221] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION. + + _STATE OF NEW YORK_ + _Department of Public Instruction_ + _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_ + + _Albany_ December 26, 1896. + + [Illustration: (seal)] + _Stenographic Letter_ + Dictated by __________ + + + W. E. Watt, President &c., + Fisher Building, + 277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill. + + My dear Sir: + + Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds." + Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most + beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction. + It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its + way to popular favor. + + Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity, + I remain + + Yours very respectfully, + [signature] + State Superintendent. + + + * * * * * + + + + + Vol. 1. No. 1. JANUARY, 1897. PRICE 15 CENTS: $1.50 A YEAR. + ONCE A MONTH. + + + BIRDS + + ILLUSTRATED BY + COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY + + [Illustration: NONPAREIL.] + + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY + OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING + CHICAGO + + + + + BIRDS + + ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY + + A MONTHLY SERIAL + DESIGNED TO PROMOTE + KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE + + + "With cheerful hop from perch to spray, + They sport along the meads; + In social bliss together stray, + Where love or fancy leads. + + Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair + Their fluttering joys pursue; + Its various charms and produce share, + Forever kind and true." + + + CHICAGO, U. S. A. + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS + 1896 + + + + +PREFACE. + +It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses +of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these +likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance, +(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and useful +does photography become, when it can be used as a means of securing +plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing press, and, +what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the REAL COLORS of +nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant or varied. + +We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: "_An +excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of Agriculture +at Washington that the public schools of the country shall have a new +holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already adopted the +suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly follow. Of course, +Bird Day will differ from its successful predecessor, Arbor Day. We can +plant trees but not birds. It is suggested that Bird Day take the form +of bird exhibitions, of bird exercises, of bird studies--any form of +entertainment, in fact, which will bring children closer to their little +brethren of the air, and in more intelligent sympathy with their life +and ways. There is a wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our +children know it. Few of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of +a year can well and profitably be given over to the birds. Than such +study, nothing can be more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate +acquaintanceship with our feathered friends is a source of genuine +pleasure. We are under greater obligations to the birds than we dream +of. Without them the world would be more barren than we imagine. +Consequently, we have some duties which we owe them. What these duties +are only a few of us know or have ever taken the trouble to find out. +Our children should not be allowed to grow to maturity without this +knowledge. The more they know of the birds the better men and women +they will be. We can hardly encourage such studies too much." + +Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most +graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect emblems +of freedom. + +They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits, +so that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study +for all lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are +doing a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by +progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children +in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds. + +The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an +idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other +information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their +study and acquaintance. + + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO. + Copyrighted, 1896. + + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: NONPAREIL.] + +THE NONPAREIL. + + +I am called the Nonpareil because there is no other bird equal to me. + +I have many names. Some call me the "Painted Finch" or "Painted +Bunting." Others call me "The Pope," because I wear a purple hood. + +I live in a cage, eat seeds, and am very fond of flies and spiders. + +Sometimes they let me out of the cage and I fly about the room and catch +flies. I like to catch them while they are flying. + +When I am tired I stop and sing. There is a vase of flowers in front of +the mirror. + +I fly to this vase where I can see myself in the glass. Then I sing as +loud as I can. They like to hear me sing. + +I take a bath every day and how I do make the water fly! + +I used to live in the woods where there were many birds like me. We +built our nests in bushes, hedges, and low trees. How happy we were. + +My cage is pretty but I wish I could go back to my home in the woods. + +See page 15. + + "Sweet warblers of the sunny hours, + Forever on the wing, + I love thee as I love the flowers, + The sunlight and the spring. + + They come like pleasant memories + In summer's joyous time, + And sing their gushing melodies, + As I would sing a rhyme. + + In the green and quiet places, + Where the golden sunlight falls, + We sit with smiling faces + To list their silver calls. + + And when their holy anthems + Come pealing through the air, + Our hearts leap forth to meet them + With a blessing and a prayer. + + Amid the morning's fragrant dew, + Amid the mists of even, + They warble on as if they drew + Their music down from heaven. + + How sweetly sounds each mellow note + Beneath the moon's pale ray, + When dying zephyrs rise and float + Like lovers' sighs away!" + + + + +THE RESPLENDENT TROGON. + +A Letter to Little Boys and Girls of the United States. + + +Is it cold where you live, little boys and girls? It is not where I +live. Don't you think my feathers grew in the bright sunshine? + +My home is way down where the big oceans almost meet. The sun is almost +straight overhead every noon. + +I live in the woods, way back where the trees are tall and thick. I +don't fly around much, but sit on a limb of a tree way up high. + +Don't you think my red breast looks pretty among the green leaves? + +When I see a fly or a berry I dart down after it. My long tail streams +out behind like four ribbons. I wish you could see me. My tail never +gets in the way. + +Wouldn't you like to have me sit on your shoulder, little boy? You see +my tail would reach almost to the ground. + +If you went out into the street with me on your shoulder, I would call +_whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, the way I do in the woods. + +All the little boys and girls playing near would look around and say, +"What is that noise?" Then they would see you and me and run up fast and +say, "Where did you get that bird?" + +The little girls would want to pull out my tail feathers to put around +their hats. You would not let them, would you? + +I have a mate. I think she is very nice. Her tail is not so long as +mine. Would you like to see her too? She lays eggs every year, and sits +on them till little birds hatch out. They are just like us, but they +have to grow and get dressed in the pretty feathers like ours. They look +like little dumplings when they come out of the eggs. + +But they are all right. They get very hungry and we carry them lots of +things to eat, so they can grow fast. + + Your friend, + R. T. + +[Illustration: RESPLENDENT TROGON.] + + + + +THE RESPLENDENT TROGON. + + +Resplendent Trogons are natives of Central America. There are fifty +kinds, and this is the largest. A systematic account of the superb tribe +has been given by Mr. Gould, the only naturalist who has made himself +fully acquainted with them. + +Of all birds there are few which excite so much admiration as the +Resplendent Trogon. + +The skin is so singularly thin that it has been not inaptly compared to +wet blotting paper, and the plumage has so light a hold upon the skin +that when the bird is shot the feathers are plentifully struck from +their sockets by its fall and the blows which it receives from the +branches as it comes to the ground. + +Its eggs, of a pale bluish-green, were first procured by Mr. Robert +Owen. Its chief home is in the mountains near Coban in Vera Paz, but it +also inhabits forests in other parts of Guatemala at an elevation of +from 6,000 to 9,000 feet. + +From Mr. Salvin's account of his shooting in Vera Paz we extract the +following hunting story: + +"My companions are ahead and Filipe comes back to say that they have +heard a quesal (Resplendent Trogon). Of course, being anxious to watch +as well as to shoot one of these birds myself, I immediately hurry to +the spot. I have not to wait long. A distant clattering noise indicates +that the bird is on the wing. He settles--a splendid male--on the bough +of a tree not seventy yards from where we are hidden. It sits almost +motionless on its perch, the body remaining in the same position, the +head only moving from side to side. The tail does not hang quite +perpendicularly, the angle between the true tail and the vertical being +perhaps as much as fifteen or twenty degrees. The tail is occasionally +jerked open and closed again, and now and then slightly raised, causing +the long tail coverts to vibrate gracefully. I have not seen all. A ripe +fruit catches the quesal's eye and he darts from his perch, plucks the +berry, and returns to his former position. This is done with a degree of +elegance that defies description. A low whistle from Capriano calls the +bird near, and a moment afterward it is in my hand--the first quesal I +have seen and shot." + +The above anecdote is very beautiful and graphic, but we read the last +sentence with pain. We wish to go on record with this our first number +as being unreconciled to the _ruthless_ killing of the birds. He who +said, not a sparrow "shall fall on the ground without your Father," did +not intend such birds to be killed, but to beautify the earth. + +The cries of the quesal are various. They consist principally of a low +note, _whe-oo_, _whe-oo_, which the bird repeats, whistling it softly at +first, then gradually swelling it into a loud and not unmelodious cry. +This is often succeeded by a long note, which begins low and after +swelling dies away as it began. Other cries are harsh and discordant. +The flight of the Trogon is rapid and straight. The long tail feathers, +which never seem to be in the way, stream after him. The bird is never +found except in forests of the loftiest trees, the lower branches of +which, being high above the ground, seem to be its favorite resort. Its +food consists principally of fruit, but occasionally a caterpillar is +found in its stomach. + + + + +THE MANDARIN DUCK. + +A Letter from China. + + +Quack! Quack! I got in just in time. + +I came as fast as I could, as I was afraid of being whipped. You see I +live in a boat with a great many other ducks. + +My master and his family live in the boat too. Isn't that a funny place +to live in? + +We stay in all night. Waking up early in the morning, we cry Quack! +Quack! until we wake the master. + +He gets up and opens the gate for us and out we tumble into the water. +We are in such a hurry that we fall over each other. We swim about +awhile and then we go to shore for breakfast. + +There are wet places near the shore where we find worms, grubs, and +roots. When evening comes the master blows a whistle. Then we know it is +time to come home. + +We start as soon as we hear it, and hurry, because the last duck in gets +a whipping. It does not hurt much but we do not like it, so we all try +to get home first. + +I have web feet, but I perch like other birds on the branches of the +trees near the river. + +My feathers are beautiful in the sunlight. My wife always sits near me. +Her dress is not like mine. It is brown and grey. + +From May to August I lose my bright feathers, then I put on a dress like +my wife's. + +My master's family are Chinese, and they are very queer. They would not +sell me for anything, as they would not like to have me leave China. + +Sometimes a pair of us are put in a gay cage and carried to a wedding. +After the wedding we are given to the bride and groom. + +I hear the master's whistle again. He wants me to come in and go to bed. +Quack! Quack! Good bye! + +[Illustration: MANDARIN DUCK.] + + + + +THE MANDARIN DUCK. + + +"A more magnificently clothed bird," says Wood, "than the male Chinese +Mandarin Duck, can hardly be found, when in health and full nuptial +plumage. They are natives of China and Japan, and are held in such high +esteem by the Chinese that they can hardly be obtained at any price, the +natives having a singular dislike to seeing the birds pass into the +possession of Europeans." + +Though web-footed, the birds have the power of perching and it is +a curious sight to watch them on the branches of trees overhanging +the pond in which they live, the male and female being always close +together, the one gorgeous in purple, green, white, and chestnut, and +the other soberly appareled in brown and grey. This handsome plumage +the male loses during four months of the year, from May to August, when +he throws off his fine crest, his wing-fans, and all his brilliant +colors, assuming the sober tinted dress of his mate. The Summer Duck of +America bears a close resemblance to the Mandarin Duck, both in plumage +and manners, and at certain times of the year is hardly to be +distinguished from that bird. + +The foreign duck has been successfully reared in Zoological Gardens, +some being hatched under the parent bird and others under a domestic +hen, the latter hatching the eggs three days in advance of the former. + +"The Chinese," says Dr. Bennett, "highly esteem the Mandarin Duck, which +exhibits, as they think, a most striking example of conjugal attachment +and fidelity. A pair of them are frequently placed in a gaily decorated +cage and carried in their marriage processions, to be presented to the +bride and groom as worthy objects of emulation." + +"I could more easily," wrote a friend of Dr. Bennett's in China to whom +he had expressed his desire for a pair of these birds, "send you two +live Mandarins than a pair of Mandarin Ducks." + +Concerning their attachment and fidelity to one another, Dr. Bennett +recites the following: + +"Mr. Beale's aviary at Maceo one day was broken open and the male bird +stolen from the side of its mate. She refused to be comforted, and, +retiring to the farthest part of the aviary, sat disconsolate, rarely +partaking of food, and giving no attention to her soiled and rumpled +plumage. In vain did another handsome drake endeavor to console her for +her loss. After some time the stolen bird was found in the quarters of +a miserable Chinaman, and at once restored to its mate. As soon as he +recognized his abode he began to flap his wings and quack vehemently. +She heard his voice and almost quacked to screaming with ecstasy, both +expressing their joy by crossing necks and quacking in concert. The next +morning he fell upon the unfortunate drake who had made consolatory +advances to his mate, pecked out his eyes and so injured him that the +poor fellow died in the course of a few days." + +According to Schrenck, this species appears in the countries watered by +the Amoor about May, and departs again at the end of August; at this +season it is always met with in small or large flocks, which are so +extremely shy that they rarely come within gunshot. Whilst on the wing +these parties crowd closely together in front, the birds in the rear +occupying a comparatively free space. + + + + +THE GOLDEN PHEASANT + + +They call me the Golden Pheasant, because I have a golden crest. It is +like a king's crown. Don't you think my dress is beautiful enough for a +king? + +See the large ruff around my neck. I can raise and lower it as I please. + +I am a very large bird. I am fourteen inches tall and twenty-eight +inches long. I can step right over your little robins and meadow larks +and blue jays and not touch them. + +Sometimes people get some of our eggs and put them under an old hen. By +and by little pheasants hatch out, and the hen is very good to them. She +watches over them and feeds them, but they do not wish to stay with her; +they like their wild life. If they are not well fed they will fly away. + +I have a wife. Her feathers are beginning to grow like mine. In a few +years she will look as I do. We like to have our nests by a fallen +tree. + + * * * + +The well-known Chinese Pheasant, which we have named the Golden +Pheasant, as well as its more sober-colored cousin, the Silver Pheasant, +has its home in Eastern Asia. + +China is pre-eminently the land of Pheasants; for, besides those just +mentioned, several other species of the same family are found there. +Japan comes next to China as a pheasant country and there are some in +India. + +In China the Golden Pheasant is a great favorite, not only for its +splendid plumage and elegant form, but for the excellence of its flesh, +which is said to surpass even that of the common pheasant. It has been +introduced into Europe, but is fitted only for the aviary. + +For purposes of the table it is not likely to come into general use, as +there are great difficulties in the way of breeding it in sufficient +numbers, and one feels a natural repugnance to the killing of so +beautiful a bird for the sake of eating it. The magnificent colors +belong only to the male, the female being reddish brown, spotted and +marked with a darker hue. The tail of the female is short. The statement +is made, however, that some hens kept for six years by Lady Essex +gradually assumed an attire like that of the males. + +Fly-fishers highly esteem the crest and feathers on the back of the neck +of the male, as many of the artificial baits owe their chief beauty to +the Golden Pheasant. + +According to Latham, it is called by the Chinese Keuki, or Keukee, a +word which means gold flower fowl. + + * * * + + "A merry welcome to thee, glittering bird! + Lover of summer flowers and sunny things! + A night hath passed since my young buds have heard + The music of thy rainbow-colored wings-- + Wings that flash spangles out where'er they quiver, + Like sunlight rushing o'er a river." + +[Illustration: GOLDEN PHEASANT.] + + + + +THE NONPAREIL. + + +So full of fight is this little bird, that the bird trappers take +advantage of his disposition to make him a prisoner. They place a +decoy bird on a cage trap in the attitude of defense, and when it is +discovered by the bird an attack at once follows, and the fighter soon +finds himself caught. + +They are a great favorite for the cage, being preferred by many to the +Canary. Whatever he may lack as a songster he more than makes up by his +wonderful beauty. These birds are very easily tamed, the female, even in +the wild state, being so gentle that she allows herself to be lifted +from the nest. They are also called the _Painted Finch_ or _Painted +Bunting_. They are found in our Southern States and Mexico. They are +very numerous in the State of Louisiana and especially about the City of +New Orleans, where they are greatly admired by the French inhabitants, +who, true to their native instincts, admire anything with gay colors. As +the first name indicates, he has no equal, perhaps, among the songsters +for beauty of dress. On account of this purple hood, he is called by the +French _Le Pape_, meaning The Pope. + +The bird makes its appearance in the Southern States the last of April +and, during the breeding season, which lasts until July, two broods are +raised. The nests are made of fine grass and rest in the crotches of +twigs of the low bushes and hedges. The eggs have a dull or pearly-white +ground and are marked with blotches and dots of purplish and reddish +brown. + +It is very pleasing to watch the numerous changes which the feathers +undergo before the male bird attains his full beauty of color. The young +birds of both sexes during the first season are of a fine olive green +color on the upper parts and a pale yellow below. The female undergoes +no material change in color except becoming darker as she grows older. +The male, on the contrary, is three seasons in obtaining his full +variety of colors. In the second season the blue begins to show on his +head and the red also makes its appearance in spots on the breast. The +third year he attains his full beauty. + +Their favorite resorts are small thickets of low trees and bushes, and +when singing they select the highest branches of the bush. They are +passionately fond of flies and insects and also eat seeds and rice. + +Thousands of these birds are trapped for the cage, and sold annually to +our northern people and also in Europe. They are comparatively cheap, +even in our northern bird markets, as most of them are exchanged for our +Canaries and imported birds that cannot be sent directly to the south on +account of climatic conditions. + +Many a northern lady, while visiting the orange groves of Florida, +becomes enchanted with the Nonpareil in his wild state, and some shrewd +and wily negro, hearing her expressions of delight, easily procures one, +and disposes of it to her at an extravagant price. + + + + +THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET. + + +I am a Parrakeet. I belong to the Parrot family. A man bought me and +brought me here. + +It is not warm here, as it was where I came from. I almost froze coming +over here. + +I am not kept in a cage. I stay in the house and go about as I please. + +There is a Pussy Cat in the house. Sometimes I ride on her back. I like +that. + +I used to live in the grass lands. It was very warm there. I ran among +the thick grass blades, and sat on the stems and ate seeds. + +I had a wife then. Her feathers were almost like mine. We never made +nests. When we wanted a nest, we found a hole in a gum tree. I used to +sing to my wife while she sat on the nest. + +I can mock other birds. Sometimes I warble and chirp at the same time. +Then it sounds like two birds singing. My tongue is short and thick, and +this helps me to talk. But I have been talking too much. My tongue is +getting tired. + +I think I'll have a ride on Pussy's back. Good bye. + + * * * + +Parrakeets have a great fondness for the grass lands, where they may be +seen in great numbers, running amid the thick grass blades, clinging to +their stems, or feeding on their seeds. + +Grass seed is their constant food in their native country. In captivity +they take well to canary seed, and what is remarkable, never pick food +with their feet, as do other species of parrots, but always use their +beaks. "They do not build a nest, but must be given a piece of wood +with a rough hole in the middle, which they will fill to their liking, +rejecting all soft lining of wool or cotton that you may furnish them." + +Only the male sings, warbling nearly all day long, pushing his beak at +times into his mate's ear as though to give her the full benefit of his +song. The lady, however, does not seem to appreciate his efforts, but +generally pecks him sharply in return. + +A gentleman who brought a Parrakeet from Australia to England, says +it suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate and was kept +alive by a kind-hearted weather-beaten sailor, who kept it warm and +comfortable in his bosom. It was not kept in a cage, but roamed at will +about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on the cat's back. At +meals he perched upon his master's shoulder, picking the bits he liked +from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would +pull himself up by his master's whiskers and warm his feet by standing +on his bald head. He always announced his master's coming by a shrill +call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note +of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his +wing. + +[Illustration: AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET.] + + + + +[Illustration: COCK-OF-THE-ROCK.] + +THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK. + + +The Cock-of-the-Rock lives in Guiana. Its nest is found among the +rocks. T. K. Salmon says: "I once went to see the breeding place of the +Cock-of-the-Rock; and a darker or wilder place I have never been in. +Following up a mountain stream the gorge became gradually more enclosed +and more rocky, till I arrived at the mouth of a cave with high rock on +each side, and overshadowed by high trees, into which the sun never +penetrated. All was wet and dark, and the only sound heard was the +rushing of the water over the rocks. We had hardly become accustomed to +the gloom when a nest was found, a dark bird stealing away from what +seemed to be a lump of mud upon the face of the rock. This was a nest +of the Cock-of-the-Rock, containing two eggs; it was built upon a +projecting piece, the body being made of mud or clay, then a few sticks, +and on the top lined with green moss. It was about five feet from the +water. I did not see the male bird, and, indeed, I have rarely ever seen +the male and female birds together, though I have seen both sexes in +separate flocks." + +The eggs are described as pale buff with various sized spots of shades +from red-brown to pale lilac. + +It is a solitary and wary bird, feeding before sunrise and after sunset +and hiding through the day in sombre ravines. + +Robert Schomburgh describes its dance as follows: + +"While traversing the mountains of Western Guiana we fell in with a +pack of these splendid birds, which gave me the opportunity of being +an eye witness of their dancing, an accomplishment which I had hitherto +regarded as a fable. We cautiously approached their ballet ground and +place of meeting, which lay some little distance from the road. The +stage, if we may so call it, measured from four to five feet in +diameter; every blade of grass had been removed and the ground was as +smooth as if leveled by human hands. On this space we saw one of the +birds dance and jump about, while the others evidently played the part +of admiring spectators. At one moment it expanded its wings, threw its +head in the air, or spread out its tail like a peacock scratching the +ground with its foot; all this took place with a sort of hopping gait, +until tired, when on emitting a peculiar note, its place was immediately +filled by another performer. In this manner the different birds went +through their terpsichorean exercises, each retiring to its place among +the spectators, who had settled on the low bushes near the theatre of +operations. We counted ten males and two females in the flock. The noise +of a breaking stick unfortunately raised an alarm, when the whole +company of dancers immediately flew off." + +"The Indians, who place great value on their skins, eagerly seek out +their playing grounds, and armed with their blow-tubes and poisoned +arrows, lie in wait for the dances. The hunter does not attempt to use +his weapon until the company is quite engrossed in the performance, when +the birds become so preoccupied with their amusement that four or five +are often killed before the survivors detect the danger and decamp." + + + + +THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE. + + +My home is on an island where it is very warm. I fly among the tall +trees and eat fruit and insects. + +See my beautiful feathers. The ladies like to wear them in their hats. + +The feathers of my wife are brown, but she has no long tail feathers. + +My wife thinks my plumes are very beautiful. + +When we have a party, we go with our wives to a tall tree. We spread our +beautiful plumes while our wives sit and watch us. + +Sometimes a man finds our tree and builds a hut among the lower +branches. + +He hides in the hut and while we are spreading our feathers shoots at +us. + +The arrows are not sharp. They do not draw blood. + +When they dry the skins they take off the feet and wings. This is why +people used to think we had neither feet nor wings. + +They also thought we lived on the dews of heaven and the honey of +flowers. This is why we are called the Birds of Paradise. + + * * * + + "Upon its waving feathers poised in air, + Feathers, or rather clouds of golden down, + With streamers thrown luxuriantly out + In all the wantonness of winged wealth." + +[Illustration: RED BIRD OF PARADISE.] + + + + +THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE. + + +Birds of Paradise are found only in New Guinea and on the neighboring +islands. The species presented here is found only on a few islands. + +In former days very singular ideas prevailed concerning these birds +and the most extravagant tales were told of the life they led in their +native lands. The natives of New Guinea, in preparing their skins for +exportation, had removed all traces of legs, so that it was popularly +supposed they possessed none, and on account of their want of feet and +their great beauty, were called the Birds of Paradise, retaining, it was +thought, the forms they had borne in the Garden of Eden, living upon dew +or ether, through which it was imagined they perpetually floated by the +aid of their long cloud-like plumage. + +Of one in confinement Dr. Bennett says: "I observed the bird, before +eating a grasshopper, place the insect upon the perch, keep it firmly +fixed by the claws, and, divesting it of the legs, wings, etc., devour +it with the head always first. It rarely alights upon the ground, and so +proud is the creature of its elegant dress that it never permits a soil +to remain upon it, frequently spreading out its wings and feathers, +regarding its splendid self in every direction." + +The sounds uttered by this bird are very peculiar, resembling somewhat +the cawing of the Raven, but change gradually to a varied scale in +musical gradations, like _he, hi, ho, how_! He frequently raises his +voice, sending forth notes of such power as to be heard at a long +distance. These notes are _whack_, _whack_, uttered in a barking tone, +the last being a low note in conclusion. + +While creeping amongst the branches in search of insects, he utters a +soft clucking note. During the entire day he flies incessantly from one +tree to another, perching but a few moments, and concealing himself +among the foliage at the least suspicion of danger. + +In Bennett's "Wanderings" is an entertaining description of Mr. Beale's +bird at Maceo. "This elegant bird," he says, "has a light, playful, and +graceful manner, with an arch and impudent look, dances about when a +visitor approaches the cage, and seems delighted at being made an object +of admiration. It bathes twice daily, and after performing its ablutions +throws its delicate feathers up nearly over its head, the quills of +which have a peculiar structure, enabling the bird to effect this +object. To watch this bird make its toilet is one of the most +interesting sights of nature; the vanity which inspires its every +movement, the rapturous delight with which it views its enchanting +self, its arch look when demanding the spectator's admiration, are all +pardonable in a delicate creature so richly embellished, so neat and +cleanly, so fastidious in its tastes, so scrupulously exact in its +observances, and so winning in all its ways." + +Says a traveler in New Guinea: "As we were drawing near a small grove of +teak-trees, our eyes were dazzled with a sight more beautiful than any I +had yet beheld. It was that of a Bird of Paradise moving through the +bright light of the morning sun. I now saw that the birds must be seen +alive in their native forests, in order to fully comprehend the poetic +beauty of the words Birds of Paradise. They seem the inhabitants of a +fairer world than ours, things that have wandered in some way from their +home, and found the earth to show us something of the beauty of worlds +beyond." + + + + +THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN. + + +I am a Toucan and I live in a very warm country. + +See my handsome black coat and my yellow vest. + +My toes are like a parrot's, two in front and two behind. + +They help me to hold to the limbs. + +Look at my large beak. It looks heavy but it is not, as it is filled +with air cells. These make it very light. Do you like my blue eyes? + +My nest is very hard to find. If I tell you where it is, you will not +take the eggs, will you? It is in a hollow limb of a very high tree. + +I am very fond of fruit, and for this reason the people on the +plantations do not like me very well. + +I can fly very fast, but I cannot get along so well on the ground. I +keep my feet far apart and hop. + +I like to sit in the top of the tallest trees. Then I am not afraid. +Nothing can reach me there but a rifle ball. + +I do not like the owl, he is so ugly. When we find an owl we get in a +circle around him and snap our great beaks, and jerk our tails up and +down and scream. He is very much afraid of us. + +The people where I live like our yellow breasts. They wear them on their +heads, and also put them on the ends of their bows. + +We sometimes sit together in a tree and snap our beaks and shout. This +is why we have been called "Preacher Birds." + +We can scream so loud that we may be heard a mile away. Our song is +"Tucano! Tucano!" + +I think it is a pretty song, but the people do not like it very much. + +[Illustration: YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN.] + + + + +THE YELLOW THROATED TOUCAN. + + +The Toucans are a numerous race of South American birds, at once +recognizable by the prodigious size of their beaks and by the richness +of their plumage. "These birds are very common," says Prince Von Wied, +"in all parts of the extensive forests of the Brazils and are killed +for the table in large numbers during the cool seasons. Their eggs are +deposited in the hollow limbs and holes of the colossal trees, so common +in the tropical forests, but their nests are very difficult to find. The +egg is said to be white. They are very fond of fruit, oranges, guavas +and plantains, and when these fruits are ripe make sad havoc among the +neighboring plantations. In return for these depredations the planter +eats their flesh, which is very delicate." + +The flight of these birds is easy and graceful, sweeping with facility +over the loftiest trees of their native forests, their strangely +developed bills being no encumbrance to them, replete as they are with a +tissue of air-filled cells rendering them very light and even buoyant. + +On the ground they get along with a rather awkward hopping movement, +their legs being kept widely apart. In ascending a tree they do not +climb but mount from one branch to another with a series of jumps, +ascending to the tops of the very loftiest trees, safe from every +missile except a rifle ball. They have a habit of sitting on the +branches in flocks, lifting their bills, clattering them together, and +shouting hoarsely all the while, from which custom the natives call them +Preacher-birds. Sometimes the whole party, including the sentinel, set +up a simultaneous yell so deafeningly loud that it can be heard a mile. +They are very loquacious birds and are often discovered through their +perpetual chattering. Their cry resembles the word "Tucano," which has +given origin to the peculiar name. + +When settling itself to sleep, the Toucan packs itself up in a very +systematic manner, supporting its huge beak by resting it on its back, +and tucking it completely among the feathers, while it doubles its tail +across its back just as if it moved on hinges. So completely is the +large bill hidden among the feathers, that hardly a trace of it is +visible in spite of its great size and bright color, so that the bird +when sleeping looks like a great ball of loose feathers. + +Sir R. Owen concludes that the large beak is of service in masticating +food compensating for the absence of any grinding structures in the +intestinal tract. + +Says a naturalist: "We turned into a gloomy forest and for some time saw +nothing but a huge brown moth, which looked almost like a bat on the +wing. Suddenly we heard high upon the trees a short shrieking sort of +noise ending in a hiss, and our guide became excited and said, "Toucan!" +The birds were very wary and made off. They are much in quest and often +shot at. At last we caught sight of a pair, but they were at the top of +such a high tree that they were out of range. Presently, when I had +about lost hope, I heard loud calls, and three birds came and settled in +a low bush in the middle of the path. I shot one and it proved to be a +very large toucan. The bird was not quite dead when I picked it up, and +it bit me severely with its huge bill." + + + + +THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER. + + +I have just been singing my morning song, and I wish you could have +heard it. I think you would have liked it. + +I always sing very early in the morning. I sing because I am happy, and +the people like to hear me. + +My home is near a small stream, where there are low woods and underbrush +along its banks. + +There is an old dead tree there, and just before the sun is up I fly to +this tree. + +I sit on one of the branches and sing for about half an hour. Then I fly +away to get my breakfast. + +I am very fond of fruit. Bananas grow where I live, and I like them best +of all. + +I eat insects, and sometimes I fly to the rice fields and swing on the +stalks and eat rice. + +The people say I do much harm to the rice, but I do not see why it is +wrong for me to eat it, for I think there is enough for all. + +I must go now and get my breakfast. If you ever come to see me I will +sing to you. + +I will show you my wife, too. She looks just like me. Be sure to get up +very early. If you do not, you will be too late for my song. + + * * * + + "Birds, Birds! ye are beautiful things, + With your earth-treading feet and your cloud-cleaving wings. + Where shall man wander, and where shall he dwell-- + Beautiful birds--that ye come not as well? + Ye have nests on the mountain, all rugged and stark, + Ye have nests in the forest, all tangled and dark; + Ye build and ye brood 'neath the cottagers' eaves, + And ye sleep on the sod, 'mid the bonnie green leaves; + Ye hide in the heather, ye lurk in the brake, + Ye dine in the sweet flags that shadow the lake; + Ye skim where the stream parts the orchard decked land, + Ye dance where the foam sweeps the desolate strand." + +[Illustration: RED-RUMPED TANAGER.] + + + + +THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER. + + +An American family, the Tanagers are mostly birds of very brilliant +plumage. There are 300 species, a few being tropical birds. They are +found in British and French Guiana, living in the latter country in open +spots of dwellings and feeding on bananas and other fruits. They are +also said to do much harm in the rice fields. + +In "The Auk," of July, 1893, Mr. George K. Cherrie, of the Field Museum, +says of the Red-Rumped Tanager: + +"During my stay at Boruca and Palmar, (the last of February) the +breeding season was at its height, and I observed many of the Costa Rica +Red-Rumps nesting. In almost every instance where possible I collected +both parents of the nests, and in the majority of cases found the males +wearing the same dress as the females. In a few instances the male was +in mottled plumage, evidently just assuming the adult phase, and in a +lesser number of examples the male was in fully adult plumage--velvety +black and crimson red. From the above it is clear that the males begin +to breed before they attain fully adult plumage, and that they retain +the dress of the female until, at least, the beginning of the second +year. + +"While on this trip I had many proofs that, in spite of its rich +plumage, and being a bird of the tropics, it is well worthy to hold a +place of honor among the song birds. And if the bird chooses an early +hour and a secluded spot for expressing its happiness, the melody is +none the less delightful. At the little village of Buenos Aires, on the +Rio Grande of Terraba, I heard the song more frequently than at any +other point. Close by the ranch house at which we were staying, there +is a small stream bordered by low woods and underbrush, that formed a +favorite resort for the birds. Just below the ranch is a convenient spot +where we took our morning bath. I was always there just as the day was +breaking. On the opposite bank was a small open space in the brush +occupied by the limbs of a dead tree. On one of these branches, and +always the same one, was the spot chosen by a Red-rump to pour forth his +morning song. Some mornings I found him busy with his music when I +arrived, and again he would be a few minutes behind me. Sometimes he +would come from one direction, sometimes from another, but he always +alighted at the same spot and then lost no time in commencing his song. +While singing, the body was swayed to and fro, much after the manner of +a canary while singing. The song would last for perhaps half an hour, +and then away the singer would go. I have not enough musical ability to +describe the song, but will say that often I remained standing quietly +for a long time, only that I might listen to the music." + + + + +THE GOLDEN ORIOLE. + + +We find the Golden Oriole in America only. According to Mr. Nuttall, it +is migratory, appearing in considerable numbers in West Florida about +the middle of March. It is a good songster, and in a state of captivity +imitates various tunes. + +This beautiful bird feeds on fruits and insects, and its nest is +constructed of blades of grass, wool, hair, fine strings, and various +vegetable fibers, which are so curiously interwoven as to confine and +sustain each other. The nest is usually suspended from a forked and +slender branch, in shape like a deep basin and generally lined with fine +feathers. + +"On arriving at their breeding locality they appear full of life and +activity, darting incessantly through the lofty branches of the tallest +trees, appearing and vanishing restlessly, flashing at intervals into +sight from amidst the tender waving foliage, and seem like living gems +intended to decorate the verdant garments of the fresh clad forest." + +It is said these birds are so attached to their young that the female +has been taken and conveyed on her eggs, upon which with resolute and +fatal instinct she remained faithfully sitting until she expired. + +An Indiana gentleman relates the following story: + +"When I was a boy living in the hilly country of Southern Indiana, I +remember very vividly the nesting of a pair of fine Orioles. There stood +in the barn yard a large and tall sugar tree with limbs within six or +eight feet of the ground. + +"At about thirty feet above the ground I discovered evidences of an +Oriole's nest. A few days later I noticed they had done considerably +more work, and that they were using horse hair, wool and fine strings. +This second visit seemed to create consternation in the minds of the +birds, who made a great deal of noise, apparently trying to frighten me +away. I went to the barn and got a bunch of horse hair and some wool, +and hung it on limbs near the nest. Then climbing up higher, I concealed +myself where I could watch the work. In less than five minutes they were +using the materials and chatted with evident pleasure over the abundant +supply at hand. + +"They appeared to have some knowledge of spinning, as they would take a +horse hair and seemingly wrap it with wool before placing it in position +on the nest. + +"I visited these birds almost daily, and shortly after the nest was +completed I noticed five little speckled eggs in it. The female was so +attached to the nest that I often rubbed her on the back and even lifted +her to look at the eggs." + +[Illustration: GOLDEN ORIOLE.] + + + + +TESTIMONIALS. + + + CHICAGO, December 10th, 1896. + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY. + +DEAR SIRS: I am very much pleased with this movement to give such +substantial and tangible aid to us on this subject, and for your kind +offer also. + + Respectfully, + HARRIET N. WINCHELL, + Principal Tilden School. + + + ST. JOSEPH, MICH., January 4, 1897. + PRINCIPAL W. J. BLACK, + Chicago. + +DEAR SIR: Thanks for sample copy of "Birds." It is by far the finest +thing I have ever seen in that line. I shall take great pleasure in +presenting it to my teachers, and shall be glad to be of any assistance +to you that I am able. + + Yours, + GEORGE W. LOOMIS, + Superintendent City Schools. + + + DES MOINES, IOWA, January 5, 1897. + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, + Fisher Building, Chicago. + +I have just seen the January number of "Birds," illustrated by color +photography; and think it instructive, delightful and beautiful. + + Very sincerely, + MRS. MINNIE THERESA HATCH, + Principal Washington School. + + + LUTHER, MICH., December 31st, 1896. + W. E. WATT, + Chicago, Ill. + +DEAR SIR: Your serial on Birds received and after examination I have no +hesitation in saying that it is the best publication of the kind that I +have ever seen and I will do all that I can for you in presenting it to +my teachers and recommending it to their favorable notice. + + Very truly, + E. G. JOHNSON, + Commissioner of Schools. + + + + +OUR PREMIUM + + A picture of wonderful beauty + of the Golden Pheasant almost + life size in a natural scene, + plate 12×18 inches, on card + 19×25 inches, is given as a + premium to yearly subscribers. + Our price on this picture in + Art Stores is $3.50. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph +[January, 1897], by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED [JANUARY 1897] *** + +***** This file should be named 30221-8.txt or 30221-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/2/30221/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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