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diff --git a/30358-h/30358-h.htm b/30358-h/30358-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..be1d933 --- /dev/null +++ b/30358-h/30358-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,16367 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>A History of Horncastle, by James Conway Walter</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.gutsumm { margin-left: 5%;} + P.poetry {margin-left: 3%; } + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: left; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: gray; + } + + div.gapspace { height: 0.8em; } + div.gapline { height: 0.8em; width: 30%; } + div.gapdoubleline { height: 0.3em; width: 50%; + margin-left: 25%; border-top: 1px solid; + border-bottom: 1px solid;} + div.gapshortline { height: 0.3em; width: 20%; margin-left:40%; + border-top: 1px solid; } + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + img.floatleft { float: left; + margin-right: 1em; + margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.floatright { float: right; + margin-left: 1em; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em; } + img.clearcenter {display: block; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; margin-top: 0.5em; + margin-bottom: 0.5em} + --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg eBook, A History of Horncastle, by James Conway +Walter + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: A History of Horncastle + from the earliest period to the present time + + +Author: James Conway Walter + + + +Release Date: October 29, 2009 [eBook #30358] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE*** +</pre> +<p>Transcribed from the 1908 W. K. Morton & Sons edition by +David Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p0ab.jpg"> +<img alt= +"SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP. Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop +of Canterbury, 1349–1366" +title= +"SEAL OF SIMON DE ISLIP. Vicar of Horncastle, 1349; Archbishop +of Canterbury, 1349–1366" +src="images/p0as.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>We are indebted for the engraving of this seal to the courtesy +of Miss G. M. Bevan, author of <i>Portraits of the Archbishops of +Canterbury</i>, published by Messrs. Mowbray & Co., +London.</p> +<h1><!-- page v--><a name="pagev"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +v</span><span class="smcap">a</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">History of Horncastle</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">from the</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">earliest period to the present +time</span>.</h1> +<p style="text-align: center"><i>ILLUSTRATED</i>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">by</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">James Conway Walter</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">author of</span><br /> +<i>Records of Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood</i>, <i>Parishes +around Horncastle</i>,<br /> +<i>The Ayscoughs</i>, <i>The Coitani</i>, <i>&c.</i>, +<i>&c.</i></p> +<p style="text-align: center">HORNCASTLE:<br /> +<span class="smcap">W. K. Morton & Sons</span>, <span +class="smcap">Ltd.</span>, <span class="smcap">Printers</span>, +<span class="smcap">High Street</span>,<br /> +1908.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p0bb.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Market Place and Stanhope Memorial" +title= +"Market Place and Stanhope Memorial" +src="images/p0bs.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h2><!-- page vii--><a name="pagevii"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. vii</span>PREFACE.</h2> +<p>The following pages may truthfully be said to be the result of +labours, extending over many years, and of researches in +directions too many to tell.</p> +<p>Born within almost a mile of Horncastle, and only by a few +months escaping being born in it, since his father, on first +coming to the neighbourhood, resided for a time in Horncastle, <a +name="citation0"></a><a href="#footnote0" +class="citation">[0]</a> the author, from his earliest years +(except for periodical absences) has been connected with the +life, social or civil, of the place, probably more closely and +more continuously, than any other person living, in like +circumstances.</p> +<p>The notes on which this compilation is based were begun more +than 30 years ago. While writing a volume of <i>Records of +more than</i> 30 <i>Parishes around Horncastle</i>, published in +1904; and, before that, while describing about as many more, in a +volume, <i>Woodhall Spa and Neighbourhood</i>, published in 1899, +he had constantly in view the crowning of the series, by the +history of the old town, round which these sixty, or more, +parishes cluster; the haunt, if not quite the home, of his +boyhood, and familiarized to him by a life-long connection.</p> +<p>For this purpose sources of information have been tapped in +every possible direction; of public institutions, the official +records, and title deeds, where available, have been carefully +consulted; especially should be here mentioned various deeds and +charters, which are quoted in Chapter II, from the archives of +Carlisle Cathedral, which have not hitherto been brought before +the public, but of which the author has been allowed free use, +through the courtesy of the librarian. These are of special +value, from the long connection of the Manor of Horncastle with +the See of Carlisle.</p> +<p>In other cases the author has been allowed the privilege of +more private testimony; for instance, his old friend, the late +Mr. John Overton (of a highly <!-- page viii--><a +name="pageviii"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +viii</span>respectable family, for generations connected with the +town and county), has most kindly given him the use of various +family MS. notes, bearing on parish and other matters. Mr. +Henry Sharp has freely assisted him with most varied information, +derived from long years of connection with the town, in public or +private capacity. The late Mr. Henry Boulton, ancestrally +connected with various parts of the county, was remarkable for a +mind stored with memories of persons and things, in town and +neighbourhood, which he freely communicated to the author, who +saw much of him in his later years. While, last but not +least, the late Mr. William Pacey, whether in his +“Reminisences of Horncastle,” which he contributed to +the public newspapers, or in his personal conversations, which +the present writer enjoyed for many years, yielded up to him +treasure, collected by an indefatigable student of local lore, +who entered into such work <i>con amore</i>.</p> +<p>To all these the author would now fully, and gratefully, +acknowledge his indebtedness; but for them this work could not +have been produced in anything like its present fulness. In +some of the matters dealt with, as for instance in the accounts +of the Grammar School, as well as in other portions, he may +fairly say, in the language of “the pious +Æneas” (slightly modified), “quorum pars (ipse) +fui,” (Æneid ii, 6); and in these he has drawn not a +few of the details from his own recollections.</p> +<p>In stringing these records together, of such varied character, +and on subjects so numerous, he cannot but be conscious that, in +the endeavour to give all possible information, and to omit +nothing of real interest, he may, on the other hand, have laid +himself open to the charge of being too diffuse, or even +needlessly prolix. Others not sharing his own interest in +the subjects treated of, may think that he has occasionally +“ridden his hobby too hard.” If this should be +the judgment of any of his readers, he would crave their +indulgence out of consideration for the motive.</p> +<p>These are the days of historic “Pageants,” drawn +from life, and with living actors to illustrate them. We +have also our “Gossoping Guides,” to enable the +tourist to realize more fully the meaning of the scenes which he +visits. From both of these the author “has taken his +cue.” He had to cater for a variety of tastes; and +while, for the general reader he has cast his discriptions in a +colloquial, or even at times in a “gossoping,” form, +he believes that the old town, with its “Bull Ring,” +its “Maypole Hill,” its “Fighting Cocks,” +its “Julian Bower,” and other old time memories, can +still afford <i>pabulum</i> for the more educated student, or the +special antiquary.</p> +<p>Like the composer of a Pageant play, his endeavour has been +rather to clothe the scenes, which he conjures up, with the flesh +and blood of quickened reality, than in the bare skin and bones +of a dry-as-dust’s rigid skeleton. How far he has +succeeded in this he leaves to others to decide; for himself he +can honestly say, that it has not been from lack of care, +enquiry, or labour, if he has fallen short of the ideal aimed +at.</p> +<p style="text-align: right"> +<a href="images/p0c.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Signature of J. Conway Walter" +title= +"Signature of J. Conway Walter" +src="images/p0c.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h2><!-- page ix--><a name="pageix"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +ix</span>CONTENTS.</h2> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +I</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span +class="smcap">page</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Part I—Prehistoric</span>. +Horncastle—its infancy</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page1">1</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Part II—The Dimly Historic +Period</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +II</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Records of the Manor</span>, &c., +<span class="smcap">from the Norman Conquest</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +III</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">St. Mary’s Church</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page33">33</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +IV</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Church of Holy Trinity</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +V</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Nonconformist Places of +Worship</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> The Wesleyans</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page64">64</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> The Primitive Methodists</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page71">71</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> The Independents</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> The Baptist Chapel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page84">84</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> The New Jerusalem Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page86">86</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +VI</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Educational Institutions—The +Grammar School</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page91">91</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +VII</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Watson’s Free School</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page108">108</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Lancasterian and the Bell +Schools</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page111">111</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Science and Art School</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page112">112</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +VIII</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Dispensary</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page119">119</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +IX</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Canal</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page126">126</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Railway</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page130">130</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><!-- page x--><a +name="pagex"></a><span class="pagenum">p. x</span><span +class="smcap">CHAPTER X</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Workhouse or Union</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page133">133</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Court House</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page135">135</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Stanhope Memorial</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page136">136</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Clerical Club</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page137">137</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Mechanics’ +Institute</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page139">139</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Corn Exchange</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page140">140</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Whelpton Almhouses</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page142">142</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">The Drill Hall</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page145">145</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">CHAPTER +XI</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Horncastle Worthies</span>, +&c.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page151">151</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Oddities</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page160">160</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Publichouses</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page161">161</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span +class="smcap">APPENDIX</span>.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Thimbleby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page165">165</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">West Ashby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page176">176</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">High Toynton</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Mareham-on-the-Hill</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page183">183</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Low Toynton</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page185">185</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Roughton</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Haltham</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Mareham-le-Fen</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Moorby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Wood Enderby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Coningsby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Wilksby</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Langriville</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><span class="smcap">Thornton-le-Fen</span></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<h2><!-- page xi--><a name="pagexi"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +xi</span>ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span +class="smcap">page</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mammoth Tooth</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hammer Head</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page7">7</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>North-east corner of the Castle Wall</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page9">9</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Plan of Horncastle, 1819</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page15">15</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Plan of Horncastle, 1908</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page23">23</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Mary’s Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page35">35</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke in St. Mary’s Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page42">42</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Ancient Scythes in St. Mary’s Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Old Vicarage</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page55">55</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Holy Trinity Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page59">59</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wesleyan Chapel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wesleyan Day Schools</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page69">69</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Interior Congregational Chapel</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page79">79</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The New Jerusalem Church</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page87">87</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rev. Thomas Lord</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page90">90</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Grammar School</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page93">93</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Lord Clynton and Saye</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page97">97</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Successive Head Masters of the Grammar School, from 1818 +to 1907</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page101">101</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Seal of the Grammar School</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page105">105</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Market Place</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page109">109</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Mary’s Square</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page113">113</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bridge Street</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page117">117</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>High Street</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page121">121</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Bull Ring</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page123">123</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Canal</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page127">127</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>On the Canal</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page129">129</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Court House</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page135">135</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Stanhope Memorial</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page137">137</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec 31, 1900</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page141">141</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><!-- page xii--><a name="pagexii"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. xii</span>West Street during the Flood, Dec. +31, 1900</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page143">143</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Conging Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page145">145</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Stanch</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page147">147</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Margaret’s Church, Thimbleby</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page171">171</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>The Manor House, West Ashby</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page177">177</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>All Saints’ Church, West Ashby</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page179">179</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. John the Baptist’s Church, High Toynton</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Peter’s Church, Low Toynton</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Helen’s Church, Mareham-le-Fen</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page193">193</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page197">197</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>St. Michael’s Church, Coningsby</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"><span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<h2><!-- page 1--><a name="page1"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +1</span>CHAPTER I.</h2> +<h3>PART I—PREHISTORIC. HORNCASTLE—ITS +INFANCY.</h3> +<p>In dealing with what may be called “the dark ages” +of local history, we are often compelled to be content with +little more than reasonable conjecture. Still, there are +generally certain surviving data, in place-names, natural +features, and so forth, which enable those who can detect them, +and make use of them, to piece together something like a +connected outline of what we may take, with some degree of +probability, as an approximation to what have been actual facts, +although lacking, at the time, the chronicler to record them.</p> +<p>It is, however, by no means a mere exercise of the +imagination, if we assume that the site of the present Horncastle +was at a distant period a British settlement. <a +name="citation1a"></a><a href="#footnote1a" +class="citation">[1a]</a> Dr. Brewer says, “nearly +three-fourths of our Roman towns were built on British +sites,” (Introduction to <i>Beauties of England</i>, p. 7), +and in the case of Horncastle, although there is nothing British +in the name of the town itself, yet that people have undoubtedly +here left their traces behind them. The late Dr. Isaac +Taylor <a name="citation1b"></a><a href="#footnote1b" +class="citation">[1b]</a> says, “Rivers and mountains, as a +rule, receive their names from the earliest races, towns and +villages from later colonists.” The ideas of those +early occupants were necessarily limited. The hill which +formed their stronghold against enemies, <a +name="citation1c"></a><a href="#footnote1c" +class="citation">[1c]</a> or which was the “high +place” of their religious rites, <a +name="citation1d"></a><a href="#footnote1d" +class="citation">[1d]</a> and the river which was so essential to +their daily existence, of these they felt the value, and +therefore naturally distinguished <!-- page 2--><a +name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>them by name +before anything else. Thus the remark of an eloquent writer +is generally true, who says “our mountains and rivers still +murmur the voices of races long extirpated.” +“There is hardly (says Dr. Taylor <a +name="citation2a"></a><a href="#footnote2a" +class="citation">[2a]</a>) throughout the whole of England a +river name which is not Celtic,” <i>i.e.</i> British.</p> +<p>As the Briton here looked from the hill-side, down upon the +valley beneath him, two of the chief objects to catch his eye +would be the streams which watered it, and which there, as they +do still, united their forces. They would then also, +probably, form a larger feature in the prospect than they do at +the present day, for the local beds of gravel deposit would seem +to indicate that these streams were formerly of considerably +greater volume, watering a wider area, and probably having +ramifications which formed shoals and islands. <a +name="citation2b"></a><a href="#footnote2b" +class="citation">[2b]</a> The particular names by which the +Briton designated the two main streams confirm this +supposition. In the one coming from the more distant wolds, +he saw a stream bright and clear, meandering through the meadows +which it fertilized, and this he named the “Bain,” <a +name="citation2c"></a><a href="#footnote2c" +class="citation">[2c]</a> that word being Celtic for +“bright” or “clear,” a characteristic +which still belongs to its waters, as the brewers of Horncastle +assure us. In the other stream, which runs a shorter and +more rapid course, he saw a more turbid current, and to it he +gave the name “Waring,” <a name="citation2d"></a><a +href="#footnote2d" class="citation">[2d]</a> which is the Celtic +“garw” or “gerwin,” meaning +“rough.” Each of these names, then, we may +regard as what the poet Horace calls “nomen præsente +notâ productum,” <a name="citation2e"></a><a +href="#footnote2e" class="citation">[2e]</a> they are as good as +coin stamped in the mint of a Cunobelin, or a Caradoc, bearing +his “image and superscription,” and after some 17 +centuries of change, they are in circulation still. So long +as Horncastle is watered by the Bain and the Waring she will bear +the brand of the British sway, once paramount in her valley.</p> +<p>These river names, however, are not the only relics of the +Britons found in Horncastle. Two British urns were +unearthed about 50 years ago, where is now the garden of the +present vicarage, and another was found in the parish of +Thornton, about a mile from the town, when the railway was being +made in 1856. The latter the present writer has seen, +although it is now unfortunately lost. <a +name="citation2f"></a><a href="#footnote2f" +class="citation">[2f]</a></p> +<p>These Britons were a pastoral race, as Cæsar, their +conqueror, tells us, <a name="citation2g"></a><a +href="#footnote2g" class="citation">[2g]</a> not cultivating much +corn, but having large flocks and herds, living on the milk and +flesh of their live stock, and clad in the skins of these, or of +other animals taken in the chase. The well-watered pastures +of the Bain valley would afford excellent grazing for their +cattle, while the extensive forests <a name="citation2h"></a><a +href="#footnote2h" class="citation">[2h]</a> of <!-- page 3--><a +name="page3"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 3</span>the district +around would provide them with the recreations of the chase, +which also helped to make them the skilled warriors which the +Romans found them to be. <a name="citation3"></a><a +href="#footnote3" class="citation">[3]</a> Much of these +forests remained even down to comparatively recent times, and +very large trees have been dug up, black with age, in fields +within four or five miles of Horncastle, within very recent +years, which the present writer has seen.</p> +<p>Such were some of the earlier inhabitants of this locality, +leaving their undoubted traces behind them, but no “local +habitation” with a name; for that we are first indebted to +the Romans, who, after finding the Briton a foe not unworthy of +his steel, ultimately subjugated him and found him not an inapt +pupil in Roman arts and civilization. Of the aptitude of +the Briton to learn from his conquerors we have evidence in the +fact, mentioned by the Roman writer Eumenius, that when the +Emperor Constantius wished to rebuild the town Augustodunum (now +Antun) in Gaul, about the end of the 3rd century, he employed +workmen chiefly from Britain, such was the change effected in our +“rude forefathers” in 250 years.</p> +<p>We may sum up our remarks on the Britons by saying that in +them we have ancestors of whom we have no occasion to be +ashamed. They had a Christian church more than 300 years +before St. Augustine visited our shores. They yet survive +in the sturdy fisher folk of Brittany; in those stout miners of +Cornwall, who in the famed Botallack mine have bored under the +ocean bed, the name Cornwall itself being Welsh (<i>i.e.</i> +British) for corner land; in the people who occupy the fastnesses +of the Welsh mountains, as well as in the Gaels of the Scottish +Highlands and the Erse of Ireland. Their very speech is +blended with our own. Does the country labourer go to the +Horncastle tailor to buy coat and breeches? His British +forefather, though clad chiefly in skins, called his upper +garment his “cotta,” his nether covering his +“brages,” scotice “breeks.” Brewer, +<i>Introduction to Beauties of England</i>, p. 42.</p> +<h3>PART II—THE DIMLY HISTORIC PERIOD.</h3> +<p>The headquarters of the Roman forces in our own part of +Britain were at York, where more than one Roman Emperor lived and +died, but Lindum, now Lincoln, was an important station. +About A.D. 71 Petillius Cerealis was appointed governor of the +province by the Emperor Vespasian, he was succeeded by Julius +Frontinus, both being able generals. From A.D. 78 to 85 +that admirable soldier and administrator, Julius Agricola, +over-ran the whole <!-- page 4--><a name="page4"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 4</span>of the north as far as the Grampians, +establishing forts in all directions, and doubtless during these +and the immediately succeeding years, a network of such stations +would be constructed in our own country, connected by those +splendid highways which the Romans carried, by the forced labour +of the natives, through the length and breadth of their vast +empire.</p> +<p>Coins of nearly all the Roman Emperors have been found at +Horncastle; one was brought to the present writer in the 1st year +of the 20th century, bearing the superscription of the Emperor +Severus, who died at York A.D., 211.</p> +<h4>NOTE ON ANCIENT COINS FOUND AT HORNCASTLE.</h4> +<p>The following list of Roman and other coins found at +Horncastle, has been supplied by the Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of +Wispington, who has them in his own possession.</p> +<p>Consular, denarius, silver.<br /> +Œs grave, or Roman as, heavy brass.<br /> +Augustus, quinarius (half denarius). B.C. 27–A.D. +14.<br /> +Claudius, brass, of three different sizes. A.D. +41–54.<br /> +Vespasian, denarius, silver. A.D. 69–79.<br /> +Domitian, brass. A.D. 81–96.<br /> +Nerva, brass. A.D. 96–98.<br /> +Trajan, brass, of two sizes. A.D. 98–117.<br /> +Hadrian, brass. A.D. 117–138.<br /> +Antoninus Pius, denarius, silver. A.D. 138–161.<br /> +Faustina I., his wife, brass.<br /> +Lucius Verus, brass. A.D. 161–169.<br /> +Marcus Aurelius, brass. A D. 161–180.<br /> +Faustina II., his wife, brass.<br /> +Caracalla, denarius, silver. A.D. 211–217.<br /> +Julia Sæmias, mother of Emperor Heliogabalus, denarius, +silver. A.D. 218–222.<br /> +Gordian III., denarius, silver. A.D. 238–244.<br /> +Philip I., brass. A.D. 244–249.<br /> +Hostilian, denarius, silver. A.D. 249–251.<br /> +Gallienus, brass. A.D. 253–268.<br /> +Salomia, his wife, brass.<br /> +Victorinus, brass (Emperor in West). A.D. +253–260. (10 varieties).<br /> +Marius, brass (Emperor in West). A.D. 267.<br /> +Claudius II. (or Gothicus), brass. A.D. 268–270.<br +/> +Tetricus I., brass (Emperor in Gaul). A.D. +270–273.<br /> +Tetricus II., brass (Emperor in Gaul). A.D. +270–274.<br /> +Probus, brass. A.D. 276–282.<br /> +Diocletian, copper, a new kind of coin named a +“follis.” A.D. 284–305.<br /> +Maximian, copper, a “follis.” A.D. +286–305.<br /> +Alectus, brass (Emperor in Britain). A.D. 293–296.<br +/> +Constantius Chlorus, brass. A.D. 305–306.<br /> +Maxentius, copper, a “follis.” A.D. +306–312.<br /> +Constantine the Great, brass. A.D. 306–337.<br /> +Crispus, brass. A.D. 326.<br /> +Magnentius, brass (Emperor in Gaul and Britain). A.D. +350–353.<br /> +Constantine II., brass (struck in London). A.D. +337–340.<br /> +Constans, brass. A.D. 337–350.<br /> +Constantius II., brass. A.D. 337–361.<br /> +Valens, brass. A.D. 364–378.<br /> +Gratian, brass. A.D. 375–383.<br /> +Theodosius I., brass. A.D. 379–395.<br /> +Arcadius, brass (Emperor in East). A.D. 395–408.<br +/> +Honorius, brass (Emperor in West). A.D. 395–423.<br +/> +Byzantine coin, bronze, date not known exactly but later than +Honorius, so showing that the Romans held Horncastle against +Saxon invaders.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 5--><a +name="page5"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 5</span> +<a href="images/p5b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle. +Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5¼-in., breadth 6½-in., +thickness 2-in." +title= +"Mammoth Tooth from gravel of River Bain, south of Horncastle. +Weight 2-lbs 6-oz., length 5¼-in., breadth 6½-in., +thickness 2-in." +src="images/p5s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>A Roman milestone was discovered in the Bail, at Lincoln, in +1891, <a name="citation5a"></a><a href="#footnote5a" +class="citation">[5a]</a> inscribed with the name of Marcus +Piavonius Victorinus, who commanded in Gaul and Britain, and +which must have been set up during his period of office, about A +D. 267. The site of this was the point of intersection of +the two main streets, which would be the centre of the Roman +Forum at Lindum, one of these streets leading to Horncastle; from +Horncastle also there branched off, as will be hereafter noted, +several main Roman roads.</p> +<p>As Horncastle stands on the banks of the river Bain it has +been taken by Stukeley, the antiquarian, and by others following +him, <a name="citation5b"></a><a href="#footnote5b" +class="citation">[5b]</a> to have been the Roman Banovallum or +“Fort on the Bain,” mentioned by the Roman geographer +of Ravenna; <a name="citation5c"></a><a href="#footnote5c" +class="citation">[5c]</a> although, however, most probably +correct, this is a mere conjecture. On the road between +Horncastle and Lincoln we have the village of Baumber, also +called Bamburgh, and this latter form of the name might well mean +a “burgh,” or fort, on the Bain, the river running +just below the village. The two names, however, might well +exist at different periods. It may be here mentioned that +this form, Bamburg, is found in <i>Harleian Charter</i> 56, c. i, +B.M., dated at Wodehalle, December, 1328.</p> +<p>Tacitus, the Roman historian, <a name="citation5e"></a><a +href="#footnote5e" class="citation">[5e]</a> tells us that the +Romans “wore out the bodies and hands of the Britons in +opening out the forests, and paving or fortifying the +roads,” and we can well imagine that those skilled generals +<!-- page 6--><a name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +6</span>would see the advantageous position for a stronghold in +the angle formed by the junction of the two rivers, and would +employ the subjugated Britons of the locality in constructing, it +may be, at first only a rude fort, protected on two sides by the +streams and in the rear by a “vallum,” or embankment, +and that on the site thus secured and already a native +stronghold, they would, at a later period, erect the +“castrum,” of which massive fragments still remain, +testifying to its great strength.</p> +<p>These remains, indeed, in almost their whole course can be +traced through present-day gardens and back premises, shewing the +four sides of an irregular parallelogram. Their dimensions, +roughly speaking, are on the north and south sides about 600-ft., +by about 350-ft. at the eastern, and 300-ft. at the western end, +their thickness being about 16-ft. The material employed +was the Spilsby sandstone, obtainable within five miles, cemented +by course grouting poured into the interstices between the +massive blocks. These walls inclose a portion of the High +Street as far eastward as the site of the present Corn Exchange, +westward they include the present manor house and form the +boundary of the churchyard in that direction. On the north +they run at the back of the houses on that side of the Market +Place, and on the south they extend from St. Mary’s Square, +past the Grammar School, and through sundry yards, parallel with +the branch of the canal, which is the old Waring river. The +masonry of these walls, as now seen, is very rude. It is +supposed that, originally as built by the Romans, they had an +external coating of neat structure, but this has entirely +disappeared, it is still, however, to be seen in the wells, which +are next to be described.</p> +<p>In a cellar, south of the High Street, at a baker’s +shop, and close to the eastern wall of the castle, is a Roman +well; there is another close to the north-east angle of the +castle walls, in what is called Dog-kennel Yard, and a third just +within the western wall, near the present National Schools. +Thus, although the two rivers were without the castle walls, the +Roman garrison was well supplied with water.</p> +<p>The Roman roads branching from the town were (1st) the +“Ramper,” <a name="citation6a"></a><a +href="#footnote6a" class="citation">[6a]</a> as it is still +called, running north-west, and connecting it with the Roman +station Lindum; from this, at Baumber, <a +name="citation6b"></a><a href="#footnote6b" +class="citation">[6b]</a> distant about 4 miles, a branch running +northwards led to the Roman Castrum, now Caistor; (2nd) +north-eastwards <i>via</i> West Ashby, being the highway to +Louth, the Roman Luda; (3rd) eastwards, by High Toynton, +Greetham, &c, to Waynflete, the Roman Vain-ona; (4th) +southward, by Dalderby, Haltham, &c., to Leeds Gate, Chapel +Hill, and there crossing the river Witham to Sleaford and +Ancaster, the Roman Causennæ, situated on the great Roman +Ermin Street. This also was continued to another Roman +Castrum, now Castor, near Peterborough; (5th) south-west, by +Thornton, &c., to Tattershall, locally supposed to have been +the Roman Durobrivæ, and where traces of a Roman camp still +remain.</p> +<p>Besides these Roman <i>viæ</i> and Roman coins, quite an +abundance of Roman pottery has from time to time been unearthed, +and fragments are continually being found in gardens in the +town. A collection of these, probably cinerary urns, was +preserved until quite recently in the library of the +Mechanics’ <!-- page 7--><a name="page7"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 7</span>Institute, where the writer has +frequently seen them, <a name="citation7a"></a><a +href="#footnote7a" class="citation">[7a]</a> they varied in +height from 8 inches to 18 inches. Unfortunately, for lack +of funds, that institution was broken up about 1890, the books +were stowed away in a room at the workhouse, a valuable +collection, and the urns were sold by the late Mr. Joseph +Willson, who acted as sole trustee. Other Roman relics have +been fragments of mortars of white clay, found on the site of the +present union, one bearing the word “fecit,” though +the maker’s name was lost. Portions also of Samian +ware have been found, one stamped with a leopard and stag, +another bearing part of the potter’s name, <span +class="smcap">iliani</span>; with fragments of hand-mills, +fibulæ, &c. <a name="citation7b"></a><a +href="#footnote7b" class="citation">[7b]</a> The present +writer has two jars, or bottles, of buff coloured ware, of which +about a dozen were dug up when the foundations of the workhouse +were being laid in 1838, they are probably Samian, a friend +having exactly similar vessels which she brought from +Cyprus. The writer has in his possession the head of a +porphyritic mallet which was found in a garden in the south of +the town a few years ago, it is probably Roman; the handle, which +would be of wood, had entirely disappeared; it is much +“pitted” through damp and age, is 6½ inches +long and weighs 3-lb. 9-oz.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p7b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6⅝-in., width +3⅞-in. weight 3½-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot +region, Neolithic period. The stone was probably part of a large +boulder" +title= +"Hammer Head, found near the Wong, length 6⅝-in., width +3⅞-in. weight 3½-lb.; of porphyry from the Cheviot +region, Neolithic period. The stone was probably part of a large +boulder" +src="images/p7s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>A discovery of further interesting Roman relics of another +kind was made in 1896. The owner of a garden near Queen +Street, in the south-eastern part of the town, was digging up an +apple tree when he came across a fine bed of gravel. +Continuing the digging, in order to find the thickness of this +deposit, his spade struck against a hard substance, which proved +to be a lead coffin. After this had been examined by others +invited to inspect it, without any satisfactory result, the +present writer was requested to conduct further +investigation. The coffin was found to be 5-ft. 2-in. in +length, containing the skeleton, rather shorter, of a +female. A few days later a second coffin was found, lying +parallel to the first, 5-ft. 7-in. in length, the bones of the +skeleton within being <!-- page 8--><a name="page8"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 8</span>larger and evidently those of a +male. Subsequently fragments of decayed wood and long iron +nails and clamps were found, showing that the leaden coffins had +originally been enclosed in wooden cases. Both these +coffins lay east and west. A description was sent to a +well-known antiquarian, the late Mr. John Bellows of Gloucester, +and he stated that if the lead had an admixture of tin they were +Roman, if no tin, post-Roman. The lead was afterwards +analysed by Professor Church, of Kew, and by the analytical +chemist of Messrs. Kynoch & Co., of Birmingham, with the +result that there was found to be a percentage of 1.65 of tin to +97.08 of lead and 1.3 of oxygen, “the metal slightly +oxidised.” It was thus proved that the coffins were +those of Romans, their “orientation” implying that +they were Christian. It should be added that three similar +coffins were found in the year 1872, when the foundations were +being laid of the New Jerusalem Chapel in Croft Street, within +some 100 yards of the two already described; and further, as +confirmatory of their being Roman, a lead coffin was also found +in the churchyard of Baumber, on the restoration of the church +there in 1892, this being close to the Roman road (already +mentioned) between the old Roman stations Banovallum and +Lindum. Lead coffins have also been found in the Roman +cemeteries at Colchester, York, and at other places. <a +name="citation8"></a><a href="#footnote8" +class="citation">[8]</a></p> +<p>As another interesting case of Roman relics found in +Horncastle, I give the following:—In 1894 I exhibited, at a +meeting of our Archæological Society, some small clay pipes +which had recently been dug up along with a copper coin of the +Emperor Constantine, just within the western wall of the old +castle, near the present Manor House. They were evidently +very old and of peculiar make, being short in stem with small +bowl set at an obtuse angle. They were said at the time to +be Roman, but since tobacco was not introduced till the reign of +Elizabeth that idea was rejected. In the year 1904, +however, a large quantity of fragments of similar clay pipes were +found in the ruins of the Roman fort of Aliso, near Halteren on +the river Lippe, in Western Germany, some of rude structure, some +decorated with figures and Roman characters. They were +lying at a depth of 9 feet below the surface, and had evidently +lain undisturbed since the time of the Roman occupation. +From the marks upon them it was manifest that they had been used, +and it is now known from the statements of the Roman historian +Pliny, and the Greek Herodotus, that the use of narcotic fumes +was not unknown to the Romans, as well as to other ancient +nations; the material used was hemp seed and cypress grass. +In the Berlin Ethnological Museum, also, vessels of clay are +preserved, which are supposed to have been used for a like +purpose. This discovery, then, at Horncastle is very +interesting as adding to our Roman remains, and we may picture to +ourselves the Roman sentinel taking his beat on the old castle +walls and solacing himself, after the manner of his countrymen, +with his pipe. (An account of this later discovery is given +in a German scientific review for August, 1904, quoted +<i>Standard</i>, August 12, 1904).</p> +<p>Of what may be called the close of this early historic period +in connection with Horncastle there is little more to be +said. The Roman forces withdrew from Britain about A.D. +408. The Britons harried by their northern neighbours, the +Picts and Scots, applied for assistance to the Saxons, who, +coming at first as friends, but led to stay by the attractions of +the country, gradually <!-- page 9--><a name="page9"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 9</span>over-ran the land and themselves in +turn over-mastered the Britons, driving them into Wales and +Cornwall. The only matter of interest in connection with +Horncastle, in this struggle between Saxon and Briton, is that +about the end of the 5th century the Saxon King Horsa, with his +brother Hengist, who had greatly improved the fort at Horncastle, +were defeated in a fight at Tetford by the Britons under their +leader Raengeires, and the British King caused the walls to be +nearly demolished and the place rendered defenceless. +(Leland’s <i>Collectanea</i>, vol i, pt. ii, p. 509).</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p9b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard" +title= +"North-east corner of the Castle Wall, in Dog-kennel Yard" +src="images/p9s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The Saxons in their turn, towards the close of the 8th +century, were harassed by marauding incursions of the Danes, <a +name="citation9"></a><a href="#footnote9" +class="citation">[9]</a> which continued, though temporarily +checked by Kings Egbert and Alfred, through many years, both <!-- +page 10--><a name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +10</span>nations eventually settling side by side, until both +alike in the 11th century became subject to their Norman +conquerors. The traces of these peoples are still apparent +in Horncastle and its soke, since of its 13 parish names, three, +High Toynton, Low Toynton and Roughton have the Saxon suffix +“ton”; three, Mareham-on-the-Hill, Mareham-le-Fen and +Haltham terminate in the Saxon “ham,” and six, +Thimbleby, West Ashby, Wood Enderby, Moorby, Wilksby and +Coningsby have the Danish suffix “by.” The name +of the town itself is Saxon, Horn-castle, or more anciently +Hyrne-ceastre, <i>i.e.</i> the castle in the corner, <a +name="citation10"></a><a href="#footnote10" +class="citation">[10]</a> or angle, formed by the junction of the +two rivers; that junction was, within comparatively modern times, +not where it is now, but some 200 yards eastward, on the other +side of the field called “The Holms,” where there is +still a muddy ditch.</p> +<p>So far our account of the town has been based mainly upon +etymological evidence, derived from river and place names, with a +few scanty and scattered records. As we arrive at the +Norman period we shall have to deal with more direct documentary +testimony, which may well form another chapter.</p> +<h2><!-- page 11--><a name="page11"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +11</span>CHAPTER II.<br /> +RECORDS OF THE MANOR, &c., FROM THE NORMAN CONQUEST.</h2> +<p>A recent historian <a name="citation11a"></a><a +href="#footnote11a" class="citation">[11a]</a> has said “In +the 13th century the northern counties of England were so +unsettled that there was little security north of the Humber, and +in 1250 the powerful Bishop of Carlisle found it necessary to buy +the manor of Horncastle (his own residence in the north, Rose +Castle, having been destroyed by marauders), and the Pope granted +him the Parish Church (of Horncastle) for his use;” <a +name="citation11b"></a><a href="#footnote11b" +class="citation">[11b]</a> but we can carry our history back to a +considerably earlier period than this. As a former Roman +station, doubtless, and of even earlier origin than that, +Horncastle had become a place of some importance, and so, even +before the Norman conquest the manor was royal property, since +<i>Domesday Book</i> states that King Edward the Confessor +bestowed it upon his Queen, Editha. Edward died January 5, +1066, and his possessions naturally passed to his successor, the +Conqueror. Its subsequent history for a few years we do not +know, but in the reign of Stephen the manor was held by Adelias, +or Adelidis, (Alice or Adelaide) de Cundi, daughter of William de +Cheney <a name="citation11c"></a><a href="#footnote11c" +class="citation">[11c]</a> (a name still known in the county), +who was Lord of Glentham and Caenby, two parishes near +Brigg. She had a castle in this town, the site of which is +not now known, but it was probably a restoration in whole, or in +part, of the old fortress. She took part against the King +in his quarrel with the Empress Maud, and her estates were +confiscated by Stephen, they were, however, subsequently restored +to her on condition that she should demolish her castle.</p> +<p>On her death the manor reverted to the crown and was granted +by Henry II. to a Fleming noble, Gerbald de Escald, who held it +for one knight’s <!-- page 12--><a name="page12"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 12</span>fee. <a name="citation12a"></a><a +href="#footnote12a" class="citation">[12a]</a> He was +succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de Rhodes, <a +name="citation12b"></a><a href="#footnote12b" +class="citation">[12b]</a> whose son, Ralph de Rhodes, sold it to +Walter Mauclerk, <a name="citation12c"></a><a href="#footnote12c" +class="citation">[12c]</a> Bishop of Carlisle, and Treasurer of +the Exchequer under Henry III. In the reign of Richard II. +Roger la Scrope and Margaret his wife, with Robert Tibetot and +son, his wife, as descendants of Gerbald de Escald, <a +name="citation12d"></a><a href="#footnote12d" +class="citation">[12d]</a> put in a claim for the manor and +obtained letters patent, by which the episcopal possessor was +bound to do them homage, but this was only for a brief period, +and they then disappear from the scene.</p> +<p>The manor remained a possession of the bishops of Carlisle +until the reign of Edward VI., when, by licence of the King, it +was sold by Bishop Aldrich in 1547 to Edward, Lord Clinton. <a +name="citation12e"></a><a href="#footnote12e" +class="citation">[12e]</a> In the reign of Mary he was +compelled to re-convey it to the see of Carlisle. <a +name="citation12f"></a><a href="#footnote12f" +class="citation">[12f]</a> Queen Elizabeth took a lease of +it under the then possessing bishop, in which she was succeeded +by James I. He assigned it to Sir Edward Clinton, knt., but +through neglect of enrolment this became void. <a +name="citation12g"></a><a href="#footnote12g" +class="citation">[12g]</a> In the reign of Charles II. the +former charters were renewed, <a name="citation12h"></a><a +href="#footnote12h" class="citation">[12h]</a> and the bishops of +Carlisle remained lords of the manor until 1856, when it was +transferred, with the patronage of some of the benefices within +the soke, to the Bishop of Lincoln. Thus from the reign of +Edward the Confessor to that of Charles II., a period of about +600 years, broken by brief intervals of alienation, Horncastle +was connected with royalty.</p> +<p>The lease of the manor was held, under the bishops of Carlisle +by Sir Joseph Banks and his ancestors for nearly a century, the +lease of Sir Joseph himself being dated 21 March, 1803, and +renewed 1 June, 1811. He died in 1820 and was succeeded by +his relative the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope and, three years +later, by James Banks Stanhope, Esq., then a minor, who, at a +later period (in 1885) transferred all his rights to his cousin, +the late Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, whose widow became lady +of the manor and at whose death, in 1907, the lordship reverted +to the Honble. Richard Stanhope, son of the present Earl +Stanhope. Mr. Banks Stanhope died January 18th, 1904, aged +82, having been a generous benefactor to Horncastle and the +neighbourhood.</p> +<p>We have here given a very condensed account of the ownership +of this manor from the reign of Edward the Confessor to the +present time, a period of nearly 840 years. Having had +access to the episcopal archives of Carlisle, so long connected +with Horncastle, we are able to confirm several of the above +details from documents still existing, which we now proceed to +do.</p> +<p>It has been stated that the manor of Horncastle was conferred +upon Queen Editha by her husband, Edward the Confessor. In +confirmation of this we find the following: In the reign of +Charles I. the Vicar of Horncastle, Thomas Gibson, presented a +petition claiming tithe for certain mills called “Hall +Mills,” with a close adjoining called “Mill +Holmes,” as belonging to the glebe. The tenant, +William Davidson, resisted, arguing that he had paid no tithes to +the previous vicar, Robert Holingshed, that the mills were +erected <!-- page 13--><a name="page13"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 13</span>before the conquest and were part of +the jointure of Queen Editha, as stated in <i>Domesday Book</i>, +and were therefore part of the manor, not of the vicar’s +glebe. The result is not recorded, but doubtless the tenant +was right. <a name="citation13a"></a><a href="#footnote13a" +class="citation">[13a]</a> The passage here quoted from +<i>Domesday Book</i> is the following: “In Horncastre Queen +Editha had 3 carucates of land, free of gelt. This land is +now 4 carucates. The King has there 2 carucates in demesne +(<i>i.e.</i> as his manor), with 29 villeins and 12 bordars, who +have (among them) 3 carucates. There are 2 mills worth 26s. +yearly, and 100 acres of meadow. In King Edward’s +time the annual value was £20, now it is £44.” +<a name="citation13b"></a><a href="#footnote13b" +class="citation">[13b]</a> These two mills and the meadow +were doubtless those in dispute between the vicar and tenant in +the reign of Charles I., the date of <i>Domesday</i> being about +1085, or 540 years earlier. They were plainly part of the +royal manor and not at all connected with the glebe.</p> +<p>All this, however, proves that the manor of Horncastle +belonged to King Edward the Confessor before the conquest, and +360 acres of it were assigned to his consort, Queen Editha. +The expansion of the 3 carucates into 4, mentioned in <i>Domesday +Book</i>, was probably (as in many other recorded cases) due to +the reclamation of land hitherto waste in flood or forest.</p> +<p>On the death of King Edward in 1066 the royal demesnes +naturally passed to his successor and kinsman, William the +Conqueror, and in due course to the successive Norman kings of +his line.</p> +<p>The connection of Horncastle with the sovereign is shown in +various ways. Documents relating to the earlier kings are +naturally rare, since for many years law courts were hardly yet +established, the royal power being rather that of +“might” than of “right.” <a +name="citation13c"></a><a href="#footnote13c" +class="citation">[13c]</a> Even the sale, or devising, of +property could only be legally effected by the king’s +licence. Among the Carlisle papers connected with +Horncastle is one which shows that a matter which in modern times +would be settled by the parish overseers, or more recently by the +Urban Council, was to be formerly carried out only by the royal +sanction. There is a Patent Roll of the 13th year of King +Richard II. (pt. 1, m. 3) entitled “Concerning the paving +of Horncastre,” and running as follows:—“The +King to the Bailiff and proved men of the vill of Horncastre, +greeting. Know, that in aid of paving your said vill, of +our special grace we have granted to you, that from the day of +the making of these presents to the end of 3 years, you may take, +for things coming to the said vill for sale, the customs +underwritten.” Then follows a long list of articles +for sale, of which we can only specify a few here, viz.: +“For every horse load of corn, ¼d., for every dole +of wine, 2d.; for every pipe of ditto, 1s.; for every hide, +fresh, salt, or tanned, ¼d.; for 100 skins of roebucks (it +seems that there were wild deer in those days), hares, rabbits, +foxes, or squirrels, ½d.; for every horse load of cloth, +½d.; for every cloth of worstede, called +‘coverlyt,’ value 40s., 1d.; for every 100 of linen +web of Aylesham, 1d.; for every chief of strong cendal (silk) +1d.; for 100 mullets, salt or dry, 1d.; for every cart of fish, +1d.; for every horse load of sea fish, ¼d.; for every +salmon, ¼d.; for every last of herrings (12 barrels), 6d.; +for every horse load of honey, 1d.; for every wey of tallow (256 +lbs.), 1d.; for every milstone, ½d.; for 1,000 turfs, +¼d. For every other <!-- page 14--><a +name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>kind of +merchandise not here specified, of value 5s. and over, +¼d.; and the term of 3 years being ended, the said customs +shall cease. Witness the King, at Westminster, 9 Nov., +1389.”</p> +<p>Truly the kingly government was a paternal one to take +cognizance of such petty local matters. The +“coggle” pavement of Horncastle is often complained +of, but at least it had the royal sanction.</p> +<p>A Roll of the 18th year of Edward III. (m 8), dated +Westminster, 28 June, 1344, is directed “to his very dear +and faithful John de Kirketon, Fitz Hugh de Cressy,” (and +others) assigning them “to choose and array 100 men at arms +in the County of Lincoln,” and (among others) “6 +hoblers in the vill of Horncastre, to be at Portsmouth, to set +out with the King against Philip VI., de Valesco +(Valois).” This was the beginning of the campaign of +Edward and his son the Black Prince, which terminated with the +glorious battle of Cressy and the capture of Calais. +“Hoblers” were a sort of yeomanry who, by the terms +of their tenure of land were bound to keep a light +“nag” for military service.</p> +<p>A Domestic State Paper of Queen Elizabeth (Vol. 51, No. 12, +III) contains the “Certificate of the town and soke of +Horncastle to the artycles of the Queen’s Majesty’s +most Honorable Pryvye Councell,” dated 27 June, 1569, +shewing what “soldiers were furnished and went forth under +Captaine Carsey.” These were formerly the well-known +local troops called “trainbands.” The paper +contains, further, accounts of payments for “towne common +armour, jerkyns, swords, daggers, corslettes, 1 caline (piece of +ordnance), conduct money (<i>i.e.</i> hire money), pioneers, +victuals,” &c. Accounts rendered by Thomas +Hamerton, Arthur Patchytt, Thomas Raythbeake (all formerly well +known names in the town), and others.</p> +<p>The head of the Carsey family was the owner of the Revesby +Abbey Estate, and as such was lesse of the manor of Horncastle +under the Bishop of Carlisle. They sold their property, in +1575, to Thomas Cecil, son of Lord Treasurer Burleigh.</p> +<p>There is another Carlisle document in connection with these +trained bands among the same Domestic State Papers of Queen +Elizabeth (Vol. 199, No. 7), in which the Earl of Rutland writes +to Anthony Thorold, sheriff, that he has instructions “from +the Lords of the Counsaile to put in strength the power of the +realme for the maritime counties,” and he asks him to +“choose captaines for the yet untrained companies, and to +supply the place of Mr. John Savile for Horncastle.” +N.B.—The Saviles owned Poolham Hall in Edlington. On +this (State Papers, Eliz., Vol. 199, No. 72) the Earl writes to +Mr. Valentine Brown that he thinks him “meete to supply the +place for Horncastle,” dated London, 29 March, +1586–7. Sir Valentine Brown was of Croft and East +Kirkby, and Treasurer of Ireland; he married the daughter of Sir +John Monson, ancestor of the present Lord Oxenbridge.</p> +<p>Among the Domestic State Papers of Charles I. (Vol. 376, No. +123), is a petition from the inhabitants of Horncastle to Sir +Anthony Irbie, Knt., sheriff of the county, complaining that the +town was over-rated for the payment of “ship-money,” +and praying for a reduction of the same. The county was +charged £8,000. This rate, levied to maintain the +navy, created widespread dissatisfaction and eventually led to +the revolution. It was included among the grievances +against which public protests were made in 1641. The five +judges who pronounced in its favour were imprisoned, and Hampden +received <!-- page 16--><a name="page16"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 16</span>a wound in a skirmish with Prince +Rupert, from which he died, June 24, 1643. Petitions were +also presented to Sir Edward Hussey, sheriff, 1636–7, as +given in Domestic State Papers, Charles I., Vol. 345, No. 42.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 15--><a +name="page15"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 15</span> +<a href="images/p15b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Horncastle map" +title= +"Horncastle map" +src="images/p15s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>It has been already stated that in the reign of Stephen this +manor was held by Adelias, or Adelidis, de Cundi. How this +came about is not quite clear, whether it was inherited from her +father, William de Cheney, who was probably among the Normans +invited to immigrate by Edward the Confessor, since it would seem +that at the time of the conquest he was already a large owner in +the county, or from her husband, Robert de Cundi, a Fleming, +probably named from the town and fortress of Conde on the +frontier of France, situated on the Scheldt, in the department du +Nord. There is, however, evidence to show that she had +other possessions of considerable value apparently in her own +right in Nottinghamshire and Kent, as well as Lincolnshire. <a +name="citation16a"></a><a href="#footnote16a" +class="citation">[16a]</a> She is described by the old +chronicler, Geoffrey Gairmar, <a name="citation16b"></a><a +href="#footnote16b" class="citation">[16b]</a> as a great +patroness of learning and literature.</p> +<p>The Cheneys, or Chesneys, were apparently of foreign +extraction, as implied by their appellation “de +Casineto.” They had considerable influence at various +periods, one of them being knighted, another made a baron by +Queen Elizabeth. <a name="citation16c"></a><a href="#footnote16c" +class="citation">[16c]</a> One, Robert de Cheney, was a +powerful Bishop of Lincoln (A.D. 1147–67) and built one of +the finest castles in England, the ruins of which still remain in +the Palace grounds at Lincoln. <a name="citation16d"></a><a +href="#footnote16d" class="citation">[16d]</a> The Cheney +pedigree is given in <i>The Genealogist</i> of July, 1901. +They seem to have settled in Yorkshire and Cambridgeshire, as +well as in Lincolnshire. Sir Thomas Cheney, K.G., was Lord +Warden of the Cinque Ports in the latter part of the 16th +century. The Cheneys fell into decay towards the end of the +17th century, and at the beginning of the 18th century we find +them in trade at Boston. About 1750 William Garfit of +Boston married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cheney, and the name, as +a Christian name, still survives in that family. The +Cheneys, we may add, were among the ancestors of the Willoughbys, +<a name="citation16e"></a><a href="#footnote16e" +class="citation">[16e]</a> and the parish of Cheneys, in Bucks., +doubtless named after them, is now the property of the Duke of +Bedford.</p> +<p>The granddaughter of Adelias de Cundi, Agnes, <a +name="citation16f"></a><a href="#footnote16f" +class="citation">[16f]</a> married Walter, son of Walter de +Clifford of Clifford Castle, Hereford. Walter Clifford is +named in the first great charter of Henry III. (A.D. 1216), along +with the great nobles Walter de Lacy, William de Ferrars, Earl of +Derby, William, Earl of Albemarle, and others.</p> +<p><!-- page 17--><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +17</span>William de Cheney, already mentioned as father of +Adelias de Cundi, was “Lord of Caenby and Glentham,” +and Walter de Clifford also is mentioned in the charters of +Barlings Abbey as giving to that monastery lands in Caenby and +Glentham, along with the above Walter de Lacy. The great +feature of the reign of Stephen was the large number of castles +erected by lords who were almost more powerful than their +sovereign, and Adelias built her castle at Horncastle, where she +resided in great state until, on her favouring the cause of the +Empress Maud, daughter of the previous king, Henry I. (whereas +Stephen was only his nephew), her lands were confiscated, and, as +we have already seen, only restored on condition that her castle +was demolished. <a name="citation17a"></a><a href="#footnote17a" +class="citation">[17a]</a> This restoration was, however, +only for life and on her demise the manor reverted to the +crown.</p> +<p>The manor was next granted by Henry II. to Gerbald de Escald, +a Flemish noble. <a name="citation17b"></a><a href="#footnote17b" +class="citation">[17b]</a> This is shewn by a record still +preserved at Carlisle, dated 1274–5. In the reign of +Edward I. an inquisition was made at Lincoln, before 12 jurors of +the soke of Horncastle, among the Commissioners being John de +Haltham, Anselm de Rugthon (Roughton), Thomas de Camera +(<i>i.e.</i> Chambers) of Horncastre, the King’s Justices +and others, when it was declared that “the Lord Henry III., +the father of King Edward who now is, once had the manor of +Horncastre, and he enfeoffed Gerbald de Escald, a knight of +Flanders, thereof, for his service, viz., by doing one +knight’s fee for the Lord the King.”</p> +<p>Gerbald was succeeded by his grandson and heir, Gerard de +Rhodes. This is shewn by a Carlisle document. <a +name="citation17c"></a><a href="#footnote17c" +class="citation">[17c]</a> A dispute arose between Hugh, +son of Ralph (surname not given) and Gerard de Rhodes, concerning +the manor and soke of Horncastle, the advowson of the church, +&c., which were claimed by the said Hugh; but a compromise +was effected, 400 marks being paid to Hugh, and Gerard de Rhodes +left in undisputed possession.</p> +<p>It has been thought probable that this Ralph, father of Hugh, +was Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who was lord of the manors of +Revesby and Hareby, and had other possessions in the +neighbourhood. He, it is supposed, held the manor of +Horncastle, as trustee, during the minority of Gerard. +Gerard was, in due course, succeeded by his son and heir, Ralph +de Rhodes, in the reign of Henry III. This again is proved +by a Feet of Fines, <a name="citation17d"></a><a +href="#footnote17d" class="citation">[17d]</a> which records an +“agreement made in the court of the Lord King at +Westminster (3 Feb., A.D. 1224–5), between Henry del Ortiay +and Sabina his wife on the one part, and the said Ralph de Rhodes +on the other part,” whereby the former acknowledge certain +lands and appurtenances in Horncastle and its soke to be the +property of the said Ralph, and he grants to them, as his +tenants, certain lands; they, in acknowledgement, +“rendering him therefor, by the year, one pair of gilt +spurs at Easter for all service and exactions.”</p> +<p>We have now reached another stage in the tenure of this manor +and find ourselves once more at the point where the present +chapter opened. Hitherto the manor had been held “in +capite” (or “in chief”) of the king by lay +lords, or, in the two cases of Queen Editha and Adelias de Condi, +by a lady; <!-- page 18--><a name="page18"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 18</span>but in this reign Walter Mauclerk, +the third Bishop of Carlisle, purchased the manor from Ralph de +Rhodes. He was himself a powerful Norman and held the +office of Treasurer of the Exchequer (a common combination of +civil and ecclesiastical duties in those days), but now he and +his successors were bound “to do suit and service to Ralph +and his heirs.” This purchase is proved by a Lincoln +document called a “Plea Quo Warranto,” which records +a case argued before the Justices Itinerant, in the reign of +Edward I., when it was stated that Ralph de Rhodes +“enfeoffed Walter Mauclerk to hold the church, manor and +appurtenances in Horncastre, to him and his heirs, of the gift of +the said Ralph.” <a name="citation18a"></a><a +href="#footnote18a" class="citation">[18a]</a> That the +Bishop, although an ecclesiastic, was bound to do service to the +heirs of Ralph is shown by another document, <a +name="citation18b"></a><a href="#footnote18b" +class="citation">[18b]</a> in which John, son of Gerard de +Rhodes, a descendant of Ralph, makes a grant to certain parties +of “the homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle, +and his successors, for the manor (&c.) of Horncastre, which +Gerard, son of Gerard my brother, granted to me.” +This is dated the 13th year of Edward I., 1285, whereas the +actual sale of the manor took place in the reign of Henry III., +A.D. 1230, and was confirmed by the king in the same year. <a +name="citation18c"></a><a href="#footnote18c" +class="citation">[18c]</a></p> +<p>We have called this another stage in the tenure of this manor +and for this reason, an ecclesiastic of high rank, with the +authority of the Pope of Rome at his back, was a more powerful +subject than any lay baron, and this influence soon shewed +itself, for while the lay lords of the manor had been content +with doing their service to the king, and exacting service from +those holding under them, the Bishop of Carlisle, in the first +year of his tenure, obtained from the king three charters, +conferring on the town of Horncastle immunities and privileges, +which had the effect of raising the town from the status of +little more than a village to that of the general mart of the +surrounding country. The first of these charters gave the +bishop, as lord of the manor, the right of free warren throughout +the soke <a name="citation18d"></a><a href="#footnote18d" +class="citation">[18d]</a>; the second gave him licence to hold +an annual fair two days before the feast of St. Barnabas (June +11), to continue eight days; the third empowered him to hang +felons. An additional charter was granted in the following +year empowering the bishop to hold a weekly market on Wednesday +(die Mercurii), which was afterwards changed to Saturday, on +which day it is still held; also to hold another fair on the eve +of the Feast of St. Laurence (Aug. 10th), to continue seven days. +<a name="citation18e"></a><a href="#footnote18e" +class="citation">[18e]</a></p> +<p>We here quote a few words of the original Carlisle charter, as +shewing the style of such documents in those days: “Henry +to all Bishops, Bailiffs, Provosts, servants, &c., +health. Know that we, by the guidance of God, and <!-- page +19--><a name="page19"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 19</span>for +the health of our soul, and of the souls of our ancestors and +descendants, have granted, and confirmed by this present charter, +to God, and the church of the blessed Mary of Carlisle, and to +the Venerable Father, Walter, Bishop of Carlisle,” +&c. It then goes on to specify, among other privileges, +that the bishop shall have “all chattells of felons and +fugitives, all amerciaments and fines from all men and tenants of +the manor and soke; that the bishop and his successors shall be +quit for ever to the king of all mercies, fines (&c.), that +no constable of the king shall have power of entry, but that the +whole shall pertain to the said bishop, except attachments +touching pleas of the crown, and that all chattells, &c., +either in the king’s court, or any other, shall be the +bishop’s.” Then follow cases in which chattells +of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, were demanded by the bishop, and +£24 exacted from the township of Horncastle in lieu +thereof; also 40s. from William, son of Drogo de Horncastre, for +trespass, and other fines from Ralph Ascer, bailiff. Robert +de Kirkby, &c., &c. The same document states that +the bishop has a gallows (furcæ) at Horncastle for hanging +offenders within the soke; and, in connection with this we may +observe that in the south of the town is still a point called +“Hangman’s Corner.”</p> +<p>These extensive powers, however, would hardly seem (to use the +words of the charter) to have been “for the good of the +souls” of the bishop or his successors, since they rather +had the effect of leading him to the abuse of his rights. +Accordingly, in the reign of Edward III., a plea was entered at +Westminster, before the King’s Justices, <a +name="citation19a"></a><a href="#footnote19a" +class="citation">[19a]</a> by which John, Bishop of Carlisle, was +charged with resisting the authority of the king in the matter of +the patronage of the benefice of Horncastle. That benefice +was usually in the gift of the bishop, but the rector, Simon de +Islip, had been appointed by the king Archbishop of Canterbury +and, in such circumstances, the crown by custom presents to the +vacancy. The bishop resisted and proceeded to appoint his +own nominee, but the judgment of the court was against him.</p> +<p>A somewhat similar case occurred a few years later. <a +name="citation19b"></a><a href="#footnote19b" +class="citation">[19b]</a> Thomas de Appleby, the Bishop of +Carlisle, and John de Rouseby, clerk, were “summoned to +answer to the Lord the King, that they permit him to appoint to +the church of Horncastre, vacant, and belonging to the +king’s gift, by reason of the bishopric of Carlisle being +recently vacant.” It was argued that John de Kirkby, +Bishop of Carlisle, had presented Simon de Islip to that +benefice, afterwards created Archbishop of Canterbury, and that +the temporalities (patronage, &c.) of the Bishopric of +Carlisle therefore (for that turn) came to the king by the death +of John de Kirkby, bishop. The said bishop, Thomas de +Appleby, and John de Rouseby brought the case before the court, +but they admitted the justice of the king’s plea and +judgment was given for the king.</p> +<p>We have said that although Walter Mauclerk, as Bishop of +Carlisle, bought this manor from Ralph de Rhodes, he and his +successors were still bound to “do suit and service” +to Ralph and his heirs, and in the brief summary with which this +chapter opened we named Roger le Scrope and Margaret his wife, +with Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife, among those descendants of +Ralph de Rhodes. We have fuller mention of them in +documents which we here quote. In a Roll of the reign of +Edward I., <a name="citation19c"></a><a href="#footnote19c" +class="citation">[19c]</a> John, son <!-- page 20--><a +name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>of Gerard de +Rhodes, says “Know all, present and future, that I, John, +son of Gerard, have granted, and by this charter confirmed, to +the Lord Robert Tibetot and Eva his wife (among other things) the +homage and whole service of the Bishop of Carlisle, and his +successors, for the manor of Horncastre, with appurtenances, +&c., which Gerard, son of Gerard my brother, granted to me, +&c., to have and to hold of the Lord the King . . . rendering +for them annually to me and my heirs £80 +sterling.” While in another Roll <a +name="citation20a"></a><a href="#footnote20a" +class="citation">[20a]</a> of the reign of Richard II., the king +states that having inspected the above he confirms the grants, +not only to the said “Robert Tybetot and his wife +Eve,” but also “to our very dear and faithful Roger +le Scrope and Margaret his wife,” recognizing them, it +would seem, as descendants of the earlier grantee, Gerbald de +Escald, from whom they all inherited.</p> +<p>Of these personages we may here say that both Tibetots and Le +Scrope were of high position and influence. The name of +Thebetot, or Tibetot, is found in the Battle Abbey Roll, as given +by the historians Stow and Holinshed; <a +name="citation20b"></a><a href="#footnote20b" +class="citation">[20b]</a> with a slight variation of name, as +Tibtofts, they were Lords of Langer, Co. Notts., and afterwards +Earls of Worcester. <a name="citation20c"></a><a +href="#footnote20c" class="citation">[20c]</a> According to +the historian, Camden, John Tibtoft was Lord-Lieutenant of +Ireland under Henry VI., created by him Earl of Worcester, but +executed for treason. <a name="citation20d"></a><a +href="#footnote20d" class="citation">[20d]</a> His +successor, John, was Lord Deputy under Edward IV. <a +name="citation20e"></a><a href="#footnote20e" +class="citation">[20e]</a> The last of the Tibetots, +Robert, died without male issue; his three daughters were under +the guardianship of Richard le Scrope, who married the eldest +daughter, Margaret, to his son Roger. This is the one named +above in connection with Horncastle. The Tibetot property +of Langer, Notts., thus passed to the Le Scropes, and continued +in that family down to Emanuel, created Earl of Sunderland by +Charles I., AD. 1628. <a name="citation20f"></a><a +href="#footnote20f" class="citation">[20f]</a> Castle Combe +in Wiltshire was one of their residences, <a +name="citation20g"></a><a href="#footnote20g" +class="citation">[20g]</a> but their chief seat was Bolton in +Richmondshire. <a name="citation20h"></a><a href="#footnote20h" +class="citation">[20h]</a> William le Scrope was created +Earl of Wiltshire by Richard II., but beheaded when that king was +dethroned and murdered, in 1399. <a name="citation20i"></a><a +href="#footnote20i" class="citation">[20i]</a> Richard le +Scrope was Archbishop of York, but condemned by Henry IV. for +treason. <a name="citation20j"></a><a href="#footnote20j" +class="citation">[20j]</a> The name Le Scrope also appears +in the Battle Abbey Roll of the Conqueror. Thus in both +Tibetots and Scropes Horncastle was connected with families who +played a considerable part in public life.</p> +<p>In the reign of Edward VI. there was a temporary change in the +ownership of this manor. Among the Carlisle Papers is one +<a name="citation20k"></a><a href="#footnote20k" +class="citation">[20k]</a> by which that king grants permission +to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, to sell “to our very +dear and faithful councellor, Edward Fynes, K.G., Lord Clinton +and Saye, High Admiral of England, the lordship and soke of +Horncastre, with all rights, appurtenances, &c., to hold to +himself, his heirs and assigns for ever,” and that he, the +said Edward, “can give and grant to the said Robert, +bishop, an <!-- page 21--><a name="page21"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 21</span>annual rent of £28 6s. +8d.” We have, however, in this case an illustration +of the instability even of royal decrees, in that on the demise +of that worthy prince, to whom the realm and Church of England +owe so much, his successor, Queen Mary, in the very next year, +A.D. 1553, cancelled this sale, and a document exists at Carlisle +<a name="citation21a"></a><a href="#footnote21a" +class="citation">[21a]</a> showing that she “granted a +licence,” probably in effect compulsory, to the same Lord +Clinton and Saye, “to alienate his lordship and soke of +Horncastle and to re-convey it to Robert Aldrich, Bishop of +Carlisle.”</p> +<p>His Lordship would, however, appear to have continued to hold +the manor on lease under the bishop, and to have acted in a +somewhat high-handed manner to his spiritual superior, probably +under the influence of the change in religious sentiment between +the reigns of “the bloody Mary,” and her sister +Elizabeth of glorious memory. For again we find a document +<a name="citation21b"></a><a href="#footnote21b" +class="citation">[21b]</a> of the reign of the latter, in which +the Bishop of Carlisle complains to Sir Francis Walsingham, the +Queen’s Commissioner, of a “book of +Horncastle,” which the Earl of Lincoln (the new title of +Lord Clinton and Saye) had sent to him “to be +sealed,” because (he says) the earl, by the words of the +grant, had taken from him “lands and tithes of the yearly +value of £28 6s. 8d.,” the exact sum, be it observed, +above specified as the rent to be paid by Lord Clinton and Saye +to the bishop, Robert Aldrich. Of this, he asserts, +“the see of Carlisle is seized and the earl is not in legal +possession by his lease now ‘in esse.’” <a +name="citation21c"></a><a href="#footnote21c" +class="citation">[21c]</a> He wages his suit “the +more boldly, because of the extraordinary charges he has been at, +from the lamentable scarcity in the country, the great multitude +of poor people, and other charges before he came had made him a +poor man, and yet he must go on with it . . . the number of them +which want food to keep their lives in their bodies is so +pitiful. If the Lord Warden and he did not charge +themselves a great number would die of hunger, and some have done +so,” dated Rose Castle, 26 May, 1578.</p> +<p>His lordship, however, did one good turn to the town of +Horncastle in founding the Grammar School, in the 13th year of +the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1571, although (as we shall show in +our chapter on the school) this was really not strictly a +foundation but a re-establishment; as a grammar school is known +to have existed in the town more than two centuries earlier.</p> +<p>We have one more record of Lord Clinton’s connection +with the town, from which it would appear that the Priory of +Bullington, near Wragby, and Kirkstead Abbey also had property in +Horncastle. A Carlisle document <a +name="citation21d"></a><a href="#footnote21d" +class="citation">[21d]</a> shows that in the reign of Edward VI. +Lord Clinton and Saye received a grant of “lands, tenements +and hereditaments in Horncastle, late in the <!-- page 22--><a +name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>tenure of +Alexander Rose and his assigns, and formerly of the dissolved +monastery of Bollington; also two tenements, one house, two +‘lez bark houses’ (Horncastle tanners would seem even +then to have flourished), one house called ‘le kylne +howse,’ one ‘le garthing,’ 14 terrages of land +in the fields of Thornton, with appurtenances lying in +Horncastle, &c., and once belonging to the monastery of +Kyrkestead.”</p> +<p>As in other places the Clinton family seem to have been +succeeded by the Thymelbys, of these we have several +records. An Escheator’s Inquisition of the reign of +Henry VIII., <a name="citation22a"></a><a href="#footnote22a" +class="citation">[22a]</a> taken by Roger Hilton, at Horncastle, +Oct. 5, 1512, shewed that “Richard Thymylby, Esquire, was +seized of the manor of Parish-fee, in Horncastre, held of the +Bishop of Carlisle, as of his soke of Horncastre, by fealty, and +a rent of £7 by the year.” He was also +“seized of one messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastre, +called Fool-thyng, parcel of the said manor of Parish-fee.” +<a name="citation22b"></a><a href="#footnote22b" +class="citation">[22b]</a> The said Richard died 3 March, 3 +Henry VIII. (A.D. 1512). This was, however, by no means the +first of this family connected with Horncastle. Deriving +their name from the parish of Thimbleby, in the soke of +Horncastle, we find the first mention of a Thymelby in that +parish in a post mortem Inquisition of the reign of Edward III., +<a name="citation22c"></a><a href="#footnote22c" +class="citation">[22c]</a> which shews that Nicholas de Thymelby +then held land in Thimbleby under the Bishop of Carlisle, A.D. +1333; but nearly a century before that date a Lincoln document <a +name="citation22d"></a><a href="#footnote22d" +class="citation">[22d]</a> mentions one Ivo, son of Odo de +Thymelby, as holding under the Bishop in Horncastle, in the reign +of Henry III., A.D. 1248.</p> +<p>Further, in the reign of Edward I., as is shewn by a Harleian +MS., in the British Museum, <a name="citation22e"></a><a +href="#footnote22e" class="citation">[22e]</a> Richard de +Thymelby was Dean of Horncastle; Thomas, son of the above +Nicholas de Thymelby, presented to the benefice of Ruckland in +1381, John de Thymelby presented to Tetford in 1388, and John +again to Somersby in 1394, <a name="citation22f"></a><a +href="#footnote22f" class="citation">[22f]</a> and other members +of the family presented at later periods. The family +continued to advance in wealth and position until in the reign of +Edward VI. it was found by an Inquisition <a +name="citation22g"></a><a href="#footnote22g" +class="citation">[22g]</a> that Matthew Thymelby, of Poolham +(their chief residence in this neighbourhood), owned the manor of +Thymbleby, that of Parish-fee in Horncastle and five others, with +lands in eight other parishes, and the advowsons of Ruckland, +Farforth, Somersby and Tetford. He married Anne, daughter +of Sir Robert Hussey. Other influential marriages were +those of John Thymelby, “Lord of Polum” (Poolham), to +Isabel, <a name="citation22h"></a><a href="#footnote22h" +class="citation">[22h]</a> daughter of Sir John Fflete, Knt. +(circa 1409); William (probably) to Joan, daughter of Sir Walter +Tailboys (circa 1432), <a name="citation22i"></a><a +href="#footnote22i" class="citation">[22i]</a> a connection of +the Earl of Angus; Matthew’s widow marrying Sir Robert +Savile, Knt. <a name="citation22j"></a><a href="#footnote22j" +class="citation">[22j]</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 23--><a +name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span> +<a href="images/p23b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Plan of Horncastle, 1908—from the Ordnance Survey" +title= +"Plan of Horncastle, 1908—from the Ordnance Survey" +src="images/p23s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 24--><a name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +24</span>In connection with the marriage of William to Joan +Tailboys we may mention that the base, all that now remains, of +the churchyard cross at Tetford bears on its west side the +Thimbleby arms “differenced” with those of Tailboys, +the north side having the Thimbleby arms pure and simple. <a +name="citation24a"></a><a href="#footnote24a" +class="citation">[24a]</a></p> +<p>Another important marriage was that of Richard Thimbleby (A.D. +1510) to Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Godfrey Hilton of +Irnham Manor near Grantham, through which alliance that property +passed to the Thimblebys. It had been granted to Ralph +Paganel by the Conqueror, afterwards passed to Sir Andrew +Luterel, Knt., and later to Sir Geoffrey Hilton, Knt. +Richard Thimbleby built Irnham Hall; he was succeeded by his son +and heir, Sir John Thimbleby, who thus became the head of the +family, which has in later times become almost extinct. +This fine mansion, in the Tudor style of architecture, standing +in a deer park of more than 250 acres, was destroyed by fire, +Nov. 12, 1887, being then owned by W. Hervey Woodhouse, Esq., who +bought it of Lord Clifford’s son. <a +name="citation24b"></a><a href="#footnote24b" +class="citation">[24b]</a></p> +<p>Turning again to the Carlisle documents we find one of the +reign of Edward III., <a name="citation24c"></a><a +href="#footnote24c" class="citation">[24c]</a> giving an +agreement made in the King’s Court at Westminster (20 Jan., +1353–4), “between Thomas, son of Nicholas de +Thymelby, plaintiff, and Henry Colvile, knt., and Margaret his +wife, deforciants,” whereby, among other property, the +latter acknowledge that certain “messuages, one mill, ten +acres of land (<i>i.e.</i> arable), two pastures, and £7 of +rent, with appurtenances, in Horncastre, Thimilby, and Bokeland +(<i>i.e.</i> Woodhall), are of the right of the said Thomas; and +for this the said Thomas gives to the said Henry and Margaret 200 +marks of silver.”</p> +<p>Another document of the same reign, <a +name="citation24d"></a><a href="#footnote24d" +class="citation">[24d]</a> of date 1360–1, states that +Gilbert de Wilton, Bishop of Carlisle, “gives 60s. for the +King’s licence to remit to Thomas son of Nicholas de +Thymelby, and John his younger brother, the service of being +Reeve (<i>i.e.</i> Bailiff) of the Bishop, and other services, +which are due from him to the said Bishop for lands and tenements +held of the said Bishop in Horncastre,” and +elsewhere. Another document, <a name="citation24e"></a><a +href="#footnote24e" class="citation">[24e]</a> dated a few years +later, shews an agreement made at Westminster, between Thomas +Thymelby and his brother John, on the one part, and Frederick de +Semerton and Amice his wife, deforciants, concerning four tofts, +certain land, and £7 of rent, with appurtenances, in +Horncastre and contiguous parts, by which “the said +Frederick and Amice acknowledge these (properties) to be of the +right of the said Thomas and his brother,” and for this +Thomas pays them 100 marks of silver. Two other Carlisle +documents of considerably later date refer to members of this +same family of Thymelby, but are chiefly of value as introducing +to us a new name among Horncastle owners of land.</p> +<p>A Chancery Inquisition <a name="citation24f"></a><a +href="#footnote24f" class="citation">[24f]</a> taken at +Horncastle, 24 Sept., 1612, shews that “John Kent, of +Langton, was seized in his manor of Horncastell, with the +appurtenances, called Parish-fee, and certain messuages, +cottages, land and meadows in Horncastell (and elsewhere), lately +purchased of Robert Savile and Richard Thymelby,” and +“held under the Bishop of Carlisle by fealty,” . . . +that “the said John Kent died 19 Sept., 1611, and that +William Kent, his son, is next heir.”</p> +<p><!-- page 25--><a name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +25</span>We have already seen that, about 60 years before, the +widow of Matthew Thymelby had married Sir Robert Savile; he +belonged to an old and influential family now represented by Lord +Savile of Rufford Abbey, Notts., and the Earl of Mexborough, +Methley Park, Yorkshire. By the aforesaid marriage the bulk +of the Thymelby property passed to the Saviles, and like the +Thymelbys they had their chief residence, in this neighbourhood, +at Poolham Hall, owning among many other possessions the +aforesaid sub-manor of Parish-fee in Horncastle, which, as we +have seen, was sold by their joint action to John Kent of +Langton. We have already had mention of a John Savile who +was apparently captain of the “trained band” +connected with Horncastle in the reign of Elizabeth, A.D. 1586 +(see p. 14); Gervase Holles mentions this John Savile as joint +lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney, and lord of Tetford in the +same reign. (<i>Collectanea</i>, vol. iii, p. 770).</p> +<p>From another document <a name="citation25a"></a><a +href="#footnote25a" class="citation">[25a]</a> it would seem +that, some 10 or 11 years later, Richard Thymelby and Robert +Savile were involved in a more than questionable transaction with +regard to the property thus transferred. Among the Carlisle +papers is a Petition in Chancery, of which we here give the text, +slightly abridged, as it is remarkable, and fittingly brings to a +close our notices of the Thymelbys in connection with +Horncastle.</p> +<p>To the Right Honble. Sir Francis Bacon, Knt., Lord Chancellor +of England. Complainant sheweth, on the oath of your +petitioner, Evan Reignolds, of St. Catherine’s, Co. +Middlesex, gent., and Joan his wife, that, whereas Richard +Thymelby, some time of Poleham, Co. Lincoln, Esq., deceased, was +seized of the manors of Poleham, Thimbleby, Horsington, Stixwold, +Buckland, Horncastle, Edlington (&c.), and tenements in +Langton, Blankney, Baumber, and in one pasture inclosed for 1000 +sheep, called Heirick (High-Rig, in Woodhall, near Poolham) +pasture, &c., whereof Robert Savile was seized for life, +conveyed the same to his father-in-law Robert Savile . . . the +said Richard Thymelby, going up to London, negotiated to sell the +property to one Richard Gardiner, and for £2,300 engaged, +at his desire, to convey all to John Wooton, the £2,300 was +paid to Richard Thymelby and bargain settled July 15, 6 Elizabeth +(A.D. 1564). <a name="citation25b"></a><a href="#footnote25b" +class="citation">[25b]</a> A dispute arose in the following +year between Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile, which was +submitted to arbitrators (Feb. 15, 7 Elizabeth), who ordered +Richard Thymelby to pay Robert Savile £1,500, and Robert +Savile should then convey all to Richard Thymelby. The +£1,500 was paid and afterwards the two “confederated +to defraud the said Richard Gardiner and conveyed the said manors +to John Kent.” The judgment of the court is not +given, but neither of the defendants, surely, cut a very +creditable figure, and Richard Thymelby, suitably, we must admit, +passes from the scene.</p> +<p>Of the Saviles we may here give a few more particulars. +Gervase Holles, the antiquary, mentions in his <i>Collectanea</i> +(vol. iii, p. 770) John Savile, Esq., as Lord of the Manor of +Tetford, in this neighbourhood, in the reign of Elizabeth, and as +joint Lord of Somersby with Andrew Gedney, Esq. (of the latter +and his wife there is a very fine sepulchral monument in the +church of the adjoining parish of Bag Enderby). The most +distinguished literary member of the family was Sir Henry Savile, +a learned mathematician, Fellow and Warden of Merton College, +Oxford, and Provost of Eton; a munificent patron of <!-- page +26--><a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +26</span>learning, founding Professorships of Astronomy and +Geography at his University; he wrote a <i>Treatise on Roman +Warfare</i>, but his great work was a translation of the writings +of St. Chrysostom, a monument of industry and learning; he was +knighted by James I., and his bust is carved in stone in the +quadrangle of the Bodleian Library at Oxford, among those of +other benefactors. Charles I. conferred the Earldom of +Sussex on Thomas, Lord Savile of Pontefract. Several +members of the family were Seneschals, or Stewards, of +Wakefield. George was created Marquis of Halifax, another +was Baron of the Exchequer. The name is given in the +Conqueror’s Roll of Battle Abbey (A.D. 1066), +Hollinshed’s version, as Sent Ville, in Stow’s +version as Sant Vile, while a Chancery Inquisition (of 18 Henry +VII., No. 46, <i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1895, +p. 17) gives it as Say-vile, and on the analogy of Nevill, +formerly de Novâ-villâ, we may perhaps assume that +the original form was de Sanctâ-villâ (or “of +the Holy City”); which may well have been adopted by one +who had made a pilgrimage to Canterbury, Rome, or Jerusalem +itself.</p> +<p>I should, however, add that a member of the family, Miss +Elizabeth J. Savile, who has herself dug to the roots of the +genealogical tree, gives a different version of their +origin. According to her they are descended from the Dukes +de Savelli, who again trace their lineage from the still more +ancient Sabella in Italy. When John Savile, 2nd son of Sir +John Savile, travelled in Italy in the time of James I., the then +Duke de Savelli received him as a kinsman. Of this family +were the Popes Honorius III. and Honorius IV. A MS. +Visitation in the British Museum says “It is conceived, +that this family came into England with Geoffrey Plantagenet, +rather than with the Conqueror, because there are two towns of +this name on the frontiers of Anjou, both of which were annexed +to the crown of England when the said Geoffrey married Maud, sole +daughter and heir of Henry I.” This is said to have +been taken from the Savile pedigree in the keeping of Henry +Savile of Bowlings, Esq., living in 1665. The Saviles of +Methley trace their descent, in the male line, from this Sir John +Savile of Savile Hall. One branch, the Saviles of +Thornhill, are now represented in the female line by the Duke of +Devonshire, and the Savile Foljambes, one of whom is the present +Lord Hawkesbury. The Saviles of Copley, now extinct, are +represented by the Duke of Norfolk, and a younger branch by the +Earls of Mexborough. The opinion that they came from Anjou +is generally accepted, the authorities being <i>Yorkshire +Pedigrees</i>, <i>British Museum Visitations</i>, Gregorovius, +uno frio, Panvinio, and other chroniclers.</p> +<p>We now proceed to notice the other persons, of more or less +repute, who were at various periods owners in Horncastle. +In the 3rd year of King John we find Gerard de Camville paying +fees for land in Horncastle by his deputy, Hugo Fitz Richard, to +the amount of £836, which was a large sum in those days. <a +name="citation26a"></a><a href="#footnote26a" +class="citation">[26a]</a> He was sheriff of the county, +A.D. 1190, along with Hugo. <a name="citation26b"></a><a +href="#footnote26b" class="citation">[26b]</a> The name, +however, is more known for the celebrated defence of Lincoln +Castle by Nicholaia de Camville against the besieging forces of +King Stephen in 1191, and again in her old age against Henry +III., assisted by Louis, Dauphin of France. An ancestor of +William de Camville is named in the Battle Abbey Roll, among +those Normans who came over with the Conqueror.</p> +<p>William de Lizures and Eudo de Bavent are also named as paying +similar fees, though to smaller amounts. The de Lizures +were a powerful Yorkshire <!-- page 27--><a +name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 27</span>family, who +inter-married with the De Lacys of Pontefract Castle and +inherited some of their large estates. <a +name="citation27a"></a><a href="#footnote27a" +class="citation">[27a]</a> Among these, one was the +neighbouring manor of Kirkby-on-Bain, which would seem to have +passed to the Lady Albreda Lizures; <a name="citation27b"></a><a +href="#footnote27b" class="citation">[27b]</a> they probably +derived their name from the town of Lisieux, near Harfleur in +Normandy. We soon lose sight of this family in England, and +they seem to have migrated northward and to have acquired lands +in Scotland. The name De Lizures is common in Scottish +Cartularies, for instance in the Cartulary of Kelso, p. 257 +(<i>Notes & Queries</i>, series 2, vol. xii, p. 435). +In 1317 William and Gregory de Lizures were Lords of Gorton, and +held lands near Roslyn Castle, Edinburgh (<i>Genealogie of the +Saint Claires of Roslyn</i>, by Father Augustin Hay, re-published +Edinburgh, 1835), [<i>Notes & Queries</i>, 3rd series, vol. +i, p. 173].</p> +<p>The De Bavents were also a distinguished family, their +connection with Horncastle survives in the name of a field in the +south of the parish, on the Rye farm, which is called +“Bavent’s Close.” A few particulars of +this family may not be without interest. The earliest named +are Richard de Bavent in 1160, <a name="citation27c"></a><a +href="#footnote27c" class="citation">[27c]</a> and Eudo de Bavent +in 1161, <a name="citation27d"></a><a href="#footnote27d" +class="citation">[27d]</a> as holding the manor of +Mareham-le-Fen, in the extreme south of the Horncastle soke, +under Henry II., “by service of falconry.” <a +name="citation27e"></a><a href="#footnote27e" +class="citation">[27e]</a> Eudo (about 1200) gave “to +God, the Cathedral, and Chapter of Lincoln,” his lands in +the north fen of Bilsby. <a name="citation27f"></a><a +href="#footnote27f" class="citation">[27f]</a> The family +seem to have gradually increased their possessions in this +neighbourhood. In 1290, under Edward I., we find Jollan de +Bavent holding lands in Billesby and Winceby, as well as Mareham. +<a name="citation27g"></a><a href="#footnote27g" +class="citation">[27g]</a> In 1319, under Edward II., +Robert de Bavent holds his land in Billesby of the King by the +service of supplying “3 falcons for the royal use,” +<a name="citation27h"></a><a href="#footnote27h" +class="citation">[27h]</a> and, under Edward III., certain +trustees of Peter de Bavent, by his will, transfer the manor of +Mareham to the convent of Revesby, to provide a monk who shall +daily throughout the year say masses “for the souls of the +said Peter and Catherine, his wife, for ever.” <a +name="citation27i"></a><a href="#footnote27i" +class="citation">[27i]</a> Truly “L’ homme +propose, et Dieu dispose,” for from this time forward we +hear little of the Bavents. They may “call their +lands after their own names,” “Bavent’s +Close” survives, but of the whilom owner we can only say, +in the words of Coleridge:</p> +<blockquote><p>The knight’s bones are dust,<br /> + And his good sword rust,<br /> +His soul is with<br /> + The saints, we trust.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Another family of distinction connected with Horncastle was +that of the Angevines. Among the Carlisle documents is one +<a name="citation27j"></a><a href="#footnote27j" +class="citation">[27j]</a> shewing that a trial was held at +Horncastle (A.D. 1489–90), in which Sir Robert Dymoke, +Knt., and William Angevin, Esq., recovered possession of 400 +acres of land, with tofts <!-- page 28--><a +name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>and +appurtenances, in Horncastle and its soke, from John Hodgisson +and his wife, John Cracroft, Gervase Clifton (of Clifton) and +others. This family probably acquired their name thus: +William the Conqueror brought to England from Normandy a body of +troops called the “Angevine auxiliaries” (from the +province of Anjou), and their descendants were granted lands in +various parts of the kingdom. One family especially seems +to have adopted this name, which was variously spelt as Angevine, +Aungelyne, Aungeby, &c.; they settled in various parts of +this county at an early period, and Horncastle being a royal +manor they naturally were located in this neighbourhood. We +find traces of them at Whaplode in the south, Saltfleetby in the +north, and Theddlethorpe midway, in the 12th and 14th centuries. +<a name="citation28a"></a><a href="#footnote28a" +class="citation">[28a]</a> Among Lincoln records is the +will of Robert Angevin, Gent., <a name="citation28b"></a><a +href="#footnote28b" class="citation">[28b]</a> of Langton by +Horncastle, dated 25 April, 1545, in which he requests to be +buried in the Church of St. Margaret (then a much larger edifice +than the present); he leaves to his son land in Hameringham, and +to his widow, for life, and his four daughters, lands in +Burnsall, Hebden, Conyseat and Norton, in the County of +York. His brother, John Angevin, resided at West Ashby, +then a hamlet of Horncastle. William Angevin, Gent., of +Theddlethorpe <a name="citation28c"></a><a href="#footnote28c" +class="citation">[28c]</a> is named in the official list of +Lincolnshire freeholders made in 1561, and the name also appears +in the Visitation of 1562, but all traces of the family disappear +before the time of the commonwealth.</p> +<p>The same Carlisle document <a name="citation28d"></a><a +href="#footnote28d" class="citation">[28d]</a> mentions Thomas +Fitz-William as concerned in the said dispute, as being a +Horncastle proprietor; while, further, another Carlisle document +of the time of Henry VIII., shows that Thomas Fitz-William, Esq., +was seized of one capital messuage, 6 other messuages, 4 tofts +and 100 acres of land in Horncastle, held of the Prior of +Carlisle, and John Fitz-William was his heir. <a +name="citation28e"></a><a href="#footnote28e" +class="citation">[28e]</a> The Fitz-Williams again were a +very ancient and distinguished family, the name is found in the +Battle Abbey Roll of William the Conqueror. The family +claim descent from Sir William Fitz-Goderic, cousin of King +Edward the Confessor. His son, Sir William Fitz-William, +has been said (as the name might imply) to have been really a +natural son of William the Conqueror himself, <a +name="citation28f"></a><a href="#footnote28f" +class="citation">[28f]</a> but the more generally accepted +version is that Fitz-Goderic was his father. Sir William +Fitz-William accompanied the Duke of Normandy to England as +Marshal of his army, and for his bravery at the battle of +Hastings the Conqueror gave him a scarf from his own arm. A +descendant, in the reign of Elizabeth, was thrice Lord Lieutenant +of Ireland; he was also Governor of Fotheringhay Castle when the +unfortunate Queen Mary of Scotland was imprisoned there, and +before she was beheaded she gave him a portrait of herself, which +is still preserved at Milton House, near Peterborough, one of the +seats of the Earls Fitz-William, who now represent the family, +Baron of Milton being their second title. A Patent of +Edward IV. (A.D. 1461) <a name="citation28g"></a><a +href="#footnote28g" class="citation">[28g]</a> shows that Richard +Fitz-William had the privilege granted to him by that King of +“free warren” at Ulceby, near Alford.</p> +<p><!-- page 29--><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +29</span>An Inquisition in the reign of Henry VII. <a +name="citation29a"></a><a href="#footnote29a" +class="citation">[29a]</a> (A.D. 1502) shows that Thomas +Fitz-William held the manors of Mavis Enderby, Maidenwell and +Mablethorpe. The list of magistrates for the county in the +reign of Henry VIII. <a name="citation29b"></a><a +href="#footnote29b" class="citation">[29b]</a> contains the name +of George Fitz-William along with Lionel Dymoke, Lord Willoughby, +and others; while an Inquisition held five years later <a +name="citation29c"></a><a href="#footnote29c" +class="citation">[29c]</a> shews that Thomas Fitz-William held +the aforementioned manor of Ulceby, by the “service of 1 +falcon annually to the King.” Sir William +Fitz-William in the same reign <a name="citation29d"></a><a +href="#footnote29d" class="citation">[29d]</a> was Lord High +Admiral. John Fitz-William is named in the Herald’s +list of county gentry in the 16th century as residing at +Skidbrook, a hamlet of Saltfleet Haven, <a +name="citation29e"></a><a href="#footnote29e" +class="citation">[29e]</a> and William Fitz-William, Esq., +supplied “one lance and two light horse” when the +Spanish Armada was expected to invade England, in the reign of +Queen Elizabeth. <a name="citation29f"></a><a href="#footnote29f" +class="citation">[29f]</a> William Fitz-William of +Mablethorpe <a name="citation29g"></a><a href="#footnote29g" +class="citation">[29g]</a> married, in 1536, Elizabeth daughter +of Sir Robert Tyrwhitt, of Kettlethorpe, a member of a very old +Lincolnshire family, still owning property in this neighbourhood; +and in 1644 Sir William Wentworth, <a name="citation29h"></a><a +href="#footnote29h" class="citation">[29h]</a> a scion of a +younger branch, married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Thomas +Savile, of Wakefield, whose family we have already mentioned as +connected with Horncastle.</p> +<p>In 1620 the head of the Fitz-William family was created an +Irish Peer; in 1742 the 3rd Baron was made Baron Milton in the +peerage of Great Britain; and, 4 years later, Earl +Fitz-William. In 1782, on the death of his uncle, the last +Marquis of Rockingham, the Earl of that day succeeded to the +Yorkshire and Northamptonshire estates of the Wentworths, and in +1807 they took the name of Wentworth as an affix. In the +early part of the 19th century the name became again connected +with Horncastle, when Earl Fitz-William, grandfather of the +present Earl, hunted the local pack of foxhounds, which were kept +in Horncastle, in what is still called Dog-kennel Yard, at the +back of St. Lawrence Street. An old friend, formerly +practicing as a Doctor in Horncastle, but lately deceased, has +told the writer that he remembered seeing the Earl’s hounds +breaking cover from Whitehall Wood, in the parish of Martin.</p> +<p>There is one more Carlisle document deserving of quotation as +it is of a peculiar nature. A Patent Roll of the reign of +Elizabeth, <a name="citation29i"></a><a href="#footnote29i" +class="citation">[29i]</a> A.D. 1577, records that a +“pardon” was granted to “Sir Thomas Cecil, +Knt., for acquiring the manor of Langton (by Horncastle) with +appurtenances, and 30 messuages, 20 cottages, 40 tofts, 4 +dove-cotes, 40 gardens, 30 orchards, 1,400 acres of (cultivated) +land, 100 acres of wood, 100 acres of furze and heath, 200 acres +of marsh, 40s. of rent, and common pasture, with appurtenances, +in Horncastle, Thimbleby, Martin, Thornton and Woodhall, from +Philip Tylney, Esq., by fine levied without licence.” +This was a somewhat extensive acquisition. We have already +recorded a more than questionable transaction in the transfer of +land by Richard Thymelby and Robert Savile, A.D. 1564, and this +transaction <!-- page 30--><a name="page30"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 30</span>of Sir Thomas Cecil, 13 years later, +seems also to have been in some way irregular, since it needed +the royal “pardon.”</p> +<p>There is nothing to show who this Philip Tylney was, who acted +on this occasion as vendor, but Sir Thomas Cecil was the son of +the great Lord Treasurer Burghley, who was Secretary of State +under Edward VI., and for 40 years guided the Councils of Queen +Elizabeth. Sir Thomas himself was a high official under +Elizabeth and King James I.; he was knighted in 1575, received +the Order of the Garter in 1601; under James I. he was made Privy +Councillor, and having succeeded his father as Baron Burghley, +was created by James Earl of Exeter. His brother Sir Robert +also held high office and was made in 1603 Baron Cecil, in 1604 +Viscount Cranbourne, in 1605 Earl of Salisbury. Thomas +Cecil died Feb. 7, 1622, aged 80, and was buried in Westminster +Abbey. He married 1st Dorothy, daughter of John Nevil, Lord +Latimer, and 2nd, Frances, daughter of Lord Chandos. He +was, doubtless, a man of large ideas and great ambition, his +royal mistress was herself Lady of the manor of Horncastle, and +Horncastle having thus been brought under his notice, he may have +been too grasping in compassing his purposes. The Revesby +Charters <a name="citation30a"></a><a href="#footnote30a" +class="citation">[30a]</a> show that he purchased that estate in +1575.</p> +<p>We may add that the Cecils were descended from an ancient +family located in Wales soon after the Norman Conquest, and +acquired large possessions in the reign of King Rufus; the 14th +in descent was David Cecil of Stamford, Sergeant at Arms to King +Henry VIII., he was grandfather to the 1st Lord Burghley. <a +name="citation30b"></a><a href="#footnote30b" +class="citation">[30b]</a> The present representatives of +this old family are the Marquis of Exeter of Burghley House, +Stamford, and the Marquis of Salisbury of Hatfield House, +Herts.</p> +<p>We have now reached the end of a somewhat lengthy series of +owners formerly connected with Horncastle, its manor, and its +soke, bringing us down to the early part of the 17th century, and +we think that few towns, of its size, could show such a record of +distinguished names. The information available as to more +recent periods is more meagre. The Bishops of Carlisle +continued to hold the manor down to the year 1856, and various +parties held leases of it under them, they themselves residing +here from time to time, <a name="citation30c"></a><a +href="#footnote30c" class="citation">[30c]</a> until the +episcopal palace was demolished in 1770, when the present Manor +House was erected on its site.</p> +<p>We have already stated that Queen Elizabeth leased the manor +from the Bishop of Carlisle of that date, she was succeeded in +the lease by King James I., who transferred it to Sir Henry +Clinton, but owing to a legal error in that transaction, it +proved void. One of the said Bishops in the next reign was +Dr. Robert Snowden, whose family were located in this +neighbourhood, his son being Vicar of Horncastle. Abigail +Snowden married Edward, son of Sir Edward Dymoke, Knt., in 1654, +and Jane Snowden married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of Scrivelsby +Court; the former belonged to the, so called, Tetford branch of +the Dymokes, who have of late years also succeeded to the +Scrivelsby property. Bishop Robert Snowden granted a lease +of the Horncastle manor to his kinsman, Rutland Snowden, and his +assignees for three lives; but this <!-- page 31--><a +name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>would appear +to have been afterwards cancelled, owing to the +“delinquency” of the first grantee. <a +name="citation31a"></a><a href="#footnote31a" +class="citation">[31a]</a> The name of this Rutland Snowden +appears in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry who were entitled to +bear arms, at the Herald’s Visitation of 1634. <a +name="citation31b"></a><a href="#footnote31b" +class="citation">[31b]</a></p> +<p>A break in the continuity of the sub-tenure of the manor here +occurs, but not of long duration. The family of Banks are +next found holding the lease, under the said bishops; the most +distinguished of them being Sir Joseph Banks, the eminent +naturalist, and patron of science in almost every form; who +visited Newfoundland in pursuit of his favourite study; +accompanied Captain Cook in his voyage to the South Seas; visited +Iceland with Dr. Solander, the pupil of Linnæus; made large +natural history and antiquarian collections; <a +name="citation31c"></a><a href="#footnote31c" +class="citation">[31c]</a> became President of the Royal Society; +and was largely instrumental in forming the schemes for the +drainage and inclosure of the fens; and other works of public +utility. His family acquired the Revesby Abbey estates in +1714, and were closely connected with Horncastle for more than a +century, as he died in 1820.</p> +<p>One of his ancestors, also Joseph, was M.P. for Grimsby and +Totnes; another, also Joseph, had a daughter, Eleonora, who +married the Honble. Henry Grenville, and was mother of the +Countess Stanhope. Through this last connection, on the +demise of Sir Joseph, the leased manor passed, as the nearest +male relative, to Col. the Honble. James Hamilton Stanhope, who +served in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo. He died three +years later, in 1823, and was succeeded by the late James Banks +Stanhope, Esq., then a minor, and afterwards M.P. for North +Lincolnshire; who, some years ago, transferred all his manorial +rights to the Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, 2nd son of the 5th +Earl Stanhope, and M.P. for the Horncastle Division. He +died 22 December, 1898, and his widow, the Honble. Mrs. Stanhope +of Revesby Abbey, became Lady of the Manor; this, on her decease +in 1907 reverting to the family of the Earl Stanhope, of +Chevening Park, Sevenoaks, Kent, in the person of his son, the +Honble. Richard Stanhope, now residing at Revesby Abbey.</p> +<p>In 1856 the manoral rights of the Bishops of Carlisle were +transferred to the See of Lincoln, and the Bishop of Lincoln is +now <i>ex officio</i> Patron of the Benefice. The head of +the Stanhope family is still the chief owner of property in +Horncastle; other owners being the Vicar with 92 acres, the +representatives of the late Sigismund Trafford Southwell with 67 +acres, representatives of the late W. B. Walter (now Majer +Traves) with 58 acres; while Coningtons, Clitherows, Rev. Richard +Ward, and about 100 other proprietors hold smaller +portions. We have mentioned the influence of Sir Joseph +Banks in the drainage and enclosure of the fens, and on the +completion of that important work in Wildmore Fen, in 1813, some +600 acres were added to the soke of Horncastle, about 80 acres +being assigned to the manor, while the glebe of the Vicar was +increased so that it now comprises 370 acres.</p> +<p>We conclude this chapter with another record of the past, +which should <!-- page 32--><a name="page32"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 32</span>not be omitted. It is somewhat +remarkable that although Horncastle has been connected with so +many personages of distinction as proprietors, and for about 600 +years (as already shewn) with royalty itself, as an appanage of +the crown, it has only once been visited by royalty in +person. History tells <a name="citation32a"></a><a +href="#footnote32a" class="citation">[32a]</a> that “on +Sep. 12, 1406, Henry IV. made a royal procession” from this +town (probably coming hither from Bolingbroke Castle, his +birthplace), “with a great and honourable company, to the +Abbey of Bardney, where the Abbot and monks came out, in +ecclesiastical state, to meet him,” and he was royally +entertained by them. We may perhaps assume that as his +father, John of Gaunt, had a palace at Lincoln, <a +name="citation32b"></a><a href="#footnote32b" +class="citation">[32b]</a> he was on his way thither, where also +his half brother, Henry Beaufort, had been Bishop, but was +promoted two years before this to the See of Winchester.</p> +<p>The nearest approach to another royal visit was that of the +Protector, Oliver Cromwell, which however was of a private +character. Although historians do not generally relate it, +it is locally understood that, after the Battle of Winceby, on +Oct. 11, 1643, Cromwell personally came to Horncastle to see that +proper honours were paid, by the churchwarden, Mr. Hamerton, to +the body of Sir Ingram Hopton, slain on that eventful day in +single combat with Cromwell himself, who pronounced him to be +“a brave gentleman,” he having, indeed, first +unhorsed Cromwell. This visit would seem to be further +proved by the fact that a man, named John Barber, died in +Horncastle, aged 95, A.D. 1855 (or 1856), whose grandfather +remembered Cromwell, on that occasion, sleeping in the house now +called Cromwell House, in West Street (or rather an older house +on the same site); while in the parish register of West Barkwith +there is an entry of the burial of Nicholas Vickers, in 1719, +with the additional note that he “guided Cromwell over +Market Rasen Moor,” in his journey northward after the +battle. He may well, therefore, have taken Horncastle on +his way.</p> +<h2><!-- page 33--><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +33</span>CHAPTER III.</h2> +<p>Having, so far, dealt with the more or less conjectural, +prehistoric period of Horncastle’s existence in Chapter I, +and with the Manor and its ownership in Chapter II, we now +proceed to give an account of the town’s institutions, its +buildings, and so forth. Among these the Parish Church, +naturally, claims precedence.</p> +<h3>ST. MARY’S CHURCH.</h3> +<p>This is probably not the original parish church. There +is no mention of a church in <i>Domesday Book</i>, and although +this is not quite conclusive evidence, it is likely that no +church existed at that date (circa 1085 A.D.); but in Testa de +Nevill (temp. Richard I.) we find “Ecclesia de +Horncastre,” named with those of (West) Ashby, High +Toynton, Mareham (-on-the-Hill), and (Wood) Enderby, as being in +the gift of the King; <a name="citation33a"></a><a +href="#footnote33a" class="citation">[33a]</a> while at an +Inquisition post mortem, taken at Horncastle, 8 Richard II., No. +99, <a name="citation33b"></a><a href="#footnote33b" +class="citation">[33b]</a> the Jurors say that “the Lord +King Edward (I.), son of King Henry (III.), gave to Gilbert, +Prior of the alien Priory of Wyllesforth, and his successors, 2 +messuages, and 6 oxgangs (90 acres) of land, and the site of the +Chapel of St. Laurence, with the appurtenances, in +Horncastre,” on condition that they find a fit chaplain to +celebrate mass in the said chapel three days in every week +“for the souls of the progenitors of the said King, and his +successors, for ever.” This chapel probably stood +near the street running northwards from the Market Place, now +called St. Lawrence Street, though, a few years ago, it was +commonly called “Pudding Lane.” It is said to +have formerly been a main street and at the head of it stood the +Market Cross. Bodies have at various times been <!-- page +34--><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 34</span>found +interred near this street, indicating the vicinity of a place of +worship, and, when a block of houses were removed in 1892, by the +Right Honble. E. Stanhope, Lord of the Manor, to enlarge the +Market Place, several fragments of Norman pillars were found, +which, doubtless, once belonged to the Norman Chapel of St. +Lawrence. <a name="citation34"></a><a href="#footnote34" +class="citation">[34]</a></p> +<p>The date of St. Mary’s Church, as indicated by the +oldest part of it, the lower portion of the tower, is early in +the 13th century. “It is a good example of a town +church of the second class (as said the late Precentor Venables, +who was a good judge) in no way, indeed, rivalling such churches +as those of Boston, Louth, Spalding or Grantham; nay even many a +Lincolnshire village has a finer edifice, but the general effect, +after various improvements, is, to say the least, pleasing, and +it has its interesting features. The plan of the church (he +says) is normal; it consists of nave, with north and south +aisles; chancel, with south aisle and north chantry, the modern +vestry being eastward of this; a plain low tower, crowned with +wooden spirelet and covered with lead. Taking these in +detail: the tower has two lancet windows in the lower part of the +west wall, above these a small debased window, and again, above +this, a two-light window of the Decorated style, similar windows +on the north and south sides, and at the top an embattled +Perpendicular parapet. The tower opens on the nave with a +lofty arch, having pilaster buttresses, which terminate above the +uppermost of two strings; the base is raised above the nave by +three steps, the font being on a projection of the first +step. This lower portion of the tower is the oldest part of +the church, dating from the Early English period. The +chamber where the bells are hung is, by the modern arrangement, +above this lower compartment, and is approached by a winding +staircase built on the outside of the southern wall, a slight +disfigurement.”</p> +<p>There are six bells, with the following +inscriptions:—</p> +<p>(1) Lectum fuge. Discute somnum. G. S. T. W. +H. Penn, Fusor, 1717.</p> +<p>(2) In templo venerare Deum. H. Penn nos +fudit. Cornucastri.</p> +<p>(3) Supplicem Deus audit. Daniel Hedderley cast +me. 1727.</p> +<p>(4) Tho. Osborn fecit. Downham, Norfolk. 1801. +Tho. Bryan and D. Brown, Churchwardens.</p> +<p>(5) Dum spiras, spera. H. Penn, Fusor, 1717. +Tho. et Sam. Hamerton Aeditivi.</p> +<p>(6) Exeat e busto. Auspice Christo. Tho. +Loddington, LL.D., Vicar H P. 1717.</p> +<p>Near the south Priest’s door, in the chancel, a bell, +about 1 ft. in height, stands on the floor, unused; this was the +bell of a former clock in the tower. The “Pancake +Bell” is rung on Shrove Tuesday, at 10 a.m.; the Curfew at +8 p.m., from Oct. 11 to April 6, except Saturdays, at 7 p.m., and +omitting from St. Thomas’s Day to Plough Monday. The +“Grammar School Bell” used to be rung daily, Sundays +excepted, at 7 a.m., but of late years this has been +discontinued, the Governors refusing to pay for it.</p> +<p>The fabric of the nave is of the Decorated style, though +modern in date, with Perpendicular clerestory, having five +three-light windows, on the north and south sides. The +arcades are of four bays, with chamfered equilateral arches, +springing from shafted piers; the capitals of the two central +ones being ornamented with foliage of a decorated character; the +others being plain. Each aisle has three three-light +windows, of decorated style, in the side wall, and a fourth at +the west end; these are modern, the north aisle having been <!-- +page 35--><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +35</span>re-built in 1820 and the south aisle in 1821. +There are north and south porches.</p> +<p>The chancel arch is modern, the carving of its caps being very +delicate. On the north side the outline of the doorway, +formerly leading to the rood loft, is still visible, and below, +on the west side of the chancel wall, is a well-carved statue +bracket of floriated character, which was transferred from the +chancel, and on the south side a still older one, much +plainer.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p35b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Mary’s Church" +title= +"St. Mary’s Church" +src="images/p35s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The east window of the chancel is said to be an enlarged copy +of the east window of the neighbouring Haltham Church. It +has five lights, with flamboyant tracery above, and is filled +with rich coloured glass, by Heaton, Butler & Bayne; the +subjects being, on the north side, above “The +Annunciation,” below “The Nativity;” 2nd light, +above “The Adoration,” below “The Flight into +Egypt;” central light, above “The Crucifixion,” +below “The Entombment;” next light, on south, above +“Women at the Sepulchre;” below “Feed my +Lambs;” southernmost light, above “The +Ascension,” below “Pentecost.” In the +upper tracery are “Censing Angels” and +“Instruments of the Passion.” This window cost +about £280 and is dedicated to the memory of the late +Vicar, Prebendary W. H. Milner, who was largely instrumental in +the restoration of the church, in 1861, and died Oct. 3, +1868. <!-- page 36--><a name="page36"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 36</span>In that restoration the architect was +the late Mr. Ewan Christian, and the contractors for the work +Messrs. Lea & Ashton of Retford. The cost of the +restoration of the chancel was defrayed by J. Banks Stanhope, +Esq., as Lord of the Manor and Lay Rector, the rest being done by +subscriptions amounting to about £4,000.</p> +<p>The present organ was originally designed by Mr. John +Tunstall, and built by Messrs. Gray & Davidson, of London, at +a cost of about £400. As re-constructed by Mr. +Nicholson, of Lincoln, it contains 3 manuals, a fine pedal organ +with 45 stops, and more than 2,500 pipes. It cost more than +£2,000, £1,350 of which was contributed by the late +Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, Horncastle. At +a later date a trumpet was added, costing £120, the result +being probably as fine an instrument as any in the county. +For many years the organist was Mr. William Wakelin, whose +musical talent was universally acknowledged; on his unfortunate +sudden death, on March 1st, 1908, he was succeeded by Mr. Hughes, +recently Assistant Organist of Ely Cathedral.</p> +<p>Beneath the east window is a handsome carved Reredos of Caen +stone, somewhat heavy in style, having five panels, two on each +side containing figures of the four evangelists, the central +subject being “The Agony in the Garden.” In +this the figure of the Saviour is exquisitely designed; below are +the three sleeping disciples, while above are two ministering +angels, one holding a crown of thorns, the other the “cup +of bitterness.” The panels have richly crocketed +canopies, the central one being surmounted by a floriated +cross. They are filled with diaper work, and the supporting +pilasters are of various-coloured Irish marbles. The whole +was designed by C. E. Giles, Esq., cousin of the late Vicar, +Prebendary Robert Giles.</p> +<p>In the jamb, south of the Communion Table, is a Piscina; in +the north wall a square aumbrey and a curious iron-barred +opening, which was probably a Hagioscope for the Chantry +behind. The present Vestry in the north-east corner is +modern, built on the site where there was formerly a coalhouse, +and, at a later date, a shed for the town fire-engine.</p> +<p>The Chancel has an arcade of three bays on the south side, +filled with good 14th century carved oak screen work, separating +it from the south-side chapel, said to have been anciently called +“The Corpus Christi Chapel,” and has two bays on the +north, the easternmost being occupied by the organ, separating it +from St. Catherine’s Chantry; <a name="citation36"></a><a +href="#footnote36" class="citation">[36]</a> the other having +similar screen <!-- page 37--><a name="page37"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 37</span>work. In the south wall of the +chancel are a Priest’s door and three four-light +Perpendicular windows, with a fourth in the east wall. +Gervase Holles states that he saw in this south-east window +figures of St. Ninian, with lock and chain, and of Saints +Crispinus and Crispinianus with their shoe-making tools. <a +name="citation37a"></a><a href="#footnote37a" +class="citation">[37a]</a> It is probable, therefore, that +the old glass of the window was supplied by a shoemaker’s +guild. The window is now filled with good coloured glass by +Heaton, Butler & Bayne, dedicated to the memory of the late +Vicar, Rev. Arthur Scrivenor, who died 27 August, 1882, aged 51 +years. It is of peculiar design, the subjects being chosen +to represent his life of self-denying labour. There are +four lights with eight subjects taken from St. Matthew’s +Gospel, arranged in two tiers, as follows—(1) “Come +ye blessed of my Father;” (2) “I was an hungred and +ye gave me meat;” (3) “I was thirsty and ye gave me +drink;” (4) “I was a stranger, and ye took me +in;” (5) “Naked, and ye clothed me;” (6) +“I was sick, and ye visited me;” (7) “I was in +prison, and ye came unto me;” (8) “These shall go +into life eternal.” There are eight compartments in +the upper tracery, containing the emblems of the four +evangelists, and two angels, and the Alpha and Omega.</p> +<p>In the north chancel wall are a Priest’s door, two +five-light windows, and one of three lights, with, at the east +end, a two-light window, all modern. Here, externally, the +parapet of St. Catherine’s Chantry is embattled and +enriched with panel work, and rises above the level of the rest +of the wall. The clerestory of the chancel has six +three-light windows on the south side, and five on the +north. The easternmost on the north was inserted and made +larger than the others in 1861, and, at a later date, was filled +with good coloured glass by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, as a +public memorial “To the glory of God, and in memory of +Barnard James Boulton, M.D., who died March 15 1875.” +He was an active member of the restoration committee in +1861. The subjects are, in the western light, “The +cleansing of the leper” in the centre, “Letting down +the paralytic through the roof,” in the eastern light, +“The healing of blind Bartimæus.”</p> +<p>In the nave the second window from the west end of the south +clerestory is a memorial of the late Mr. W Rayson, builder, +filled with good coloured glass. In the south aisle of the +nave, the easternmost window is a good specimen of coloured glass +by Heaton, Butler & Bayne, erected by public subscription in +January, 1901, “To the glory of God, and in grateful +commemoration of the 18 years’ ministry of Canon E. F. +Quarrington,” who resigned the Vicarage in 1900. The +cost of this window was about £80, the subject is +“The Sermon on the Mount.” The Saviour is +represented as addressing the people, grouped around Him, of all +classes, soldiers, Pharisees, <!-- page 38--><a +name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 38</span>disciples, +travellers, young men, women, and children, with the city in the +background. In the tracery above are angels, with rich ruby +wings, in attitudes of adoration.</p> +<p>The window next to this is filled with coloured glass, by +Clayton & Bell, to the memory of Mrs. Salome Fox. In +the upper tracery are the Alpha and Omega, with the date of +erection “Anno Dm’ni MDCCCXCVII.” In the +central light below is the risen Saviour, seated on a throne, +holding the emblem of sovereignty, with the inscription over His +shoulders “Because I live ye shall live also.” +In each side light are three angels in adoration. An +inscription runs across the three lights, “I am he that +liveth and was dead, and, behold, I am alive for +evermore.” Beneath are three square compartments, +representing (1) three women, (2) three soldiers, (3) the +apostles SS. John and Peter at the sepulchre, with the +inscription “Who shall roll us away the stone from the door +of the sepulchre?” and again, below all, “To the +glory of God, and in loving memory of Salome Fox, who died June +26, 1883, aged 65.” This cost about £85.</p> +<p>The window at the west end of this aisle, by Heaton, Butler +& Bayne, was filled with coloured glass, by the late Mr. +Henry Boulton, in memory of his first wife, being partly paid for +by a surplus of £40 remaining from what was collected for +the chancel east window, and the rest (about £40 more) by +Mr. Boulton himself. The subject is the Saviour’s +baptism in the Jordan.</p> +<p>In the north aisle of the nave, the easternmost window was +erected in 1902, at a cost of £98, from a bequest of the +late Mr. Charles Dee, as a memorial of his friend the late Mr. +Robert Clitherow. The subject is “The good +Samaritan,” who, in the central light, is relieving the +wounded wayfarer; while, in the side lights, the Priest and +Levite are represented as passing him by. In the two upper +quatrefoils are angels holding scrolls, with the inscriptions (1) +“Let your light so shine before men,” (2) “That +they may see your good works.” An inscription runs +across the three lights, “Blessed is he that provideth for +the sick and needy, the Lord shall deliver him in the time of +trouble;” and, below all, “To the glory of God, and +in memory of Robert Clitherow, a truly Christian gentleman, by +his faithful servant.” <a name="citation38"></a><a +href="#footnote38" class="citation">[38]</a> The artists +were Messrs. Clayton & Bell.</p> +<p>The next window to this, also by Messrs. Clayton & Bell, +is considered the best specimen of coloured glass in the +church. It was erected by public subscription, largely +through the exertions of the late Mrs. Terrot, then of Wispington +Vicarage, near Horncastle, her husband, the Rev. Charles Pratt +Terrot, a clever artist and learned antiquary, supplying the +design. It is inscribed “To the glory of God, and in +memory of Frederick Harwood, formerly churchwarden, who died +March 12, 1874, aged 51 years.” Mr. Harwood was an +indefatigable church worker, and died suddenly, after attending a +Lent service, when he occupied his usual seat, near this +window. It is of three lights, the subjects being six, (1) +the centre light illustrates “Charity;” a female +figure above, holding one child in her arms and leading others; +while below is “Joseph in Egypt, receiving his father, +Jacob.” (2) The west light illustrates +“Faith,” a female above, holding a cross and bible, +and below “Abraham offering his son Isaac.” (3) +The east light illustrates “Hope,” a female above, +leaning upon an anchor, and below “Daniel in the den of +lions.” The grouping of the subjects and arrangement +of the canopies are admirable.</p> +<p><!-- page 39--><a name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +39</span>The west window in the same aisle contains a handsome +memorial, by Preedy, of the late Vicar, Prebendary Robert +Giles. It is of three lights, the subjects being from St. +Peter’s life: (1) the south light shewing “The net +cast into the sea,” “Depart from me, &c.”; +(2) the central light, Peter’s commendation by the Saviour, +“Thou art Peter, &c.”; and (3) the north light, +Peter’s release from prison, “Arise up quickly, +&c.” The tabernacle and canopy work are +good. The cost of this was about £140. Mr. +Giles succeeded Prebendary Milner, as Vicar, and died 12 July, +1872.</p> +<p>The two lancet windows in the lower part of the west wall of +the tower, which were enlarged at the restoration, are filled +with good coloured glass. They bear no inscriptions but are +memorials of deceased younger members of the families of the late +Dr. B. J. Boulton, and of the late Mr. Richard Nicholson. +The southern one represents “The Good Shepherd,” +carrying a lamb in his arms; the northern, “Suffer the +little children to come unto me,” shewing the Saviour +receiving little children into his arms. Within the tower +is also placed a List of Benefactors of the town; also a frame +containing the Decalogue, supported by two painted figures, +life-size, representing Aaron with his censer, and Moses with his +rod; on one side of this is the Lord’s Prayer, on the other +the Apostles’ Creed. <a name="citation39a"></a><a +href="#footnote39a" class="citation">[39a]</a></p> +<p>The roof of the nave, for some years hidden by a flat +whitewashed ceiling, is of Spanish chestnut, with finely carved +figures of angels, which support the intermediate +principals. In front of the tower arch stands the Font, of +caen stone, on octagonal base; the bowl has 8 elaborately carved +panels, in three of which are engraved, on scrolls, the words +“One Lord,” “One Faith,” “One +Baptism.” <a name="citation39b"></a><a href="#footnote39b" +class="citation">[39b]</a> The Pulpit, at the north-east +corner of the nave, is also of Caen stone, in similar style, with +four decorated panels, having, beneath the cornice, the +inscription “He that hath my word, let him speak my word +faithfully;” the book-rest is supported by the figure of an +angel, with outspread wings. The Reading Desk, on the +opposite side, consists of open tracery work, carved in modern +oak. The Lectern, an eagle of brass, was presented, in +1901, by the Misses Walter, in memory of their father, Mr. Joseph +Walter, for many years church warden. <a +name="citation39c"></a><a href="#footnote39c" +class="citation">[39c]</a> The seats in the chancel have +handsomely carved poppy heads, and are placed east and west, +instead of, as formerly, north and south, facing west.</p> +<p>On the south side of the chancel arch, in the west face of the +wall, is a small stone, bearing the names of “Thomas +Gibson, Vicar. John Hamerton and John Goake, Churchwardens, +1675.” On the south wall of the chancel south chapel +is also an illuminated sheet of iron bearing the following +inscription to the same Vicar:—“Sacred to the memory +of the Rev. Mr. Thos. Gibson, A.M., 44 years Vicar of this +parish. He lived in such times when Truth to the Church, +and Loyalty to the King met with punishment due to the worst of +crimes. He was by the rebellious powers carried away +prisoner <!-- page 40--><a name="page40"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 40</span>four times from the garrison of +Newark for a dissenting teacher, afterwards sequestrated, and his +family driven out, by the Earl of Manchester. He survived +the Restoration, and was brought back at the head of several +hundreds of his friends, and made a Prebendary in the Cathedral +Church of Lincoln. As his enemies never forgave his zeal to +the Church and Crown, so nothing but the height of Christian +charity could forgive the insults he met with from them. He +died April 22, 1678.” <a name="citation40a"></a><a +href="#footnote40a" class="citation">[40a]</a> Above this +is a shield, containing three storks, proper, on an argent field; +and with a stork, as crest.</p> +<p>On the north clerestory wall of the nave are tablets in memory +of Jane, wife of Thomas Taylor, to the east; in the centre to +Thomas Taylor, Surgeon, and Margaret his wife, to Mary Anne, wife +of Thomas Hardy Taylor; and to the west of these, to Anne, wife +of Erasmus Middleton, to Erasmus Middleton, and to their +daughter, Grace, wife of James Weir, and to James Weir, who died +Dec. 15, 1822. On the south clerestory wall, westward, is a +tablet to the memory of Thomas Bryan, Hannah his wife, and their +son Edward, all interred at Scrivelsby; another, to the east, is +in memory of Edward Harrison, M.D., his wife, and his brother, +erected by his nephew.</p> +<p>In the north aisle of the chancel is a modern, canvas, +lozenge-shaped, framed copy of an older memorial, formerly +painted on the south wall, on which are depicted the arms of Sir +Ingram Hopton, with this inscription:—“Here lieth the +worthy and memorable Knight, Sir Ingram Hopton, who paid his debt +to nature, and duty to his King and country, in the attempt of +seizing the arch rebel (Cromwell) in the bloody skirmish near +Winceby, Oct. 6, 1643.” <a name="citation40b"></a><a +href="#footnote40b" class="citation">[40b]</a> The motto is +Horatian (the first lines from Odes iii., xiv., 14–16; the +other two from Odes iv., ix., 29–30).</p> + +<blockquote><p> Nec +tumultum,<br /> +Nec mori per vim, metuit, tenente<br /> + Cæsare terras.<br /> +Paulum sepultæ distat inertiæ,<br /> + Celata virtus.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><!-- page 41--><a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +41</span>Close to this, and above the arch leading into the nave, +are a number of scythes, some with straight wooden handles, +attached to the wall, which are said to have been used at the +Winceby fight. <a name="citation41a"></a><a href="#footnote41a" +class="citation">[41a]</a></p> +<p>On the wall of the north aisle, nearest the archway into the +chancel, on a small slab of Purbeck marble, is a brass of Sir +Lionel Dymoke, kneeling on a cushion; on either side were +formerly small shields displaying the arms of Dymoke, Waterton, +Marmyon, Hebden and Haydon; <a name="citation41b"></a><a +href="#footnote41b" class="citation">[41b]</a> and on small +brasses were the figures of two sons and three daughters. +Parts of these are now lost. The figure of Sir Lionel is in +the attitude of prayer, from his left elbow issues a scroll with +the inscription “S’cta Trinitas, unus Deus, miserere +nob.” Beneath is another inscription, “In +Honore s’cte et individue trinitatis. Orate pro +a’i’a Leonis Dymoke, milit’ q’ obijt xvij +die me’se Augusti, A° D’ni M° cccccxix. +Cuj’ a’i’e p’ piciet, de.’ +Amen.” Below this monument, in the pavement, is a +brass, now mutilated, of the same Sir Lionel Dymoke, wrapped in a +shroud, with two scrolls issuing from the head, the lettering of +which is now effaced. Beneath is an inscription also now +obliterated, but which Mr. Weir gives as follows:—</p> +<blockquote><p><!-- page 42--><a name="page42"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 42</span>Leonis fossa nunc hæc Dymoke +capit ossa.<br /> +Miles erat Regis, cui parce Deus prece Matris,<br /> +Es testis Christe, quod non jacet hic lapis iste,<br /> +Corpus ut ornetur, sed spiritus ut memoretur.<br /> +Hinc tu qui transis, senex, medius, puer, an sis,<br /> +Pro me funde preces, quia sic mihi sit venie spes.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>The actual suit of armour worn by this Sir Lionel Dymoke was +formerly in the church, since in the evidence taken after the +“Lincolnshire Rising,” in 1536, it was shewn that +“one Philip Trotter, of Horncastle,” took it from the +church, and himself wore it, while carrying the standard at the +head of the insurgents (State Papers Domestic, Henry VIII., vol. +xi, No. 967) <a name="citation42a"></a><a href="#footnote42a" +class="citation">[42a]</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p43b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary’s Church" +title= +"Brass of Sir Lionel Dymoke, in St. Mary’s Church" +src="images/p43s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>In the Harleian MS. in the British Museum, among his +“Lincolnshire Church Notes,” Gervase Holles (circa +1640) mentions several other arms and inscriptions, as then +existing, which are now lost. <a name="citation42b"></a><a +href="#footnote42b" class="citation">[42b]</a></p> +<p>In the pavement of the former vestry, in the south chancel +aisle, is a slab with the inscription running round it, +“Here lyethe the boyddes of Thomas Raithbeck & Arne his +wyf, ye founders of the Beid hous. Departed thys world, in +ye fayth of Christ, ye last day of October, in ye yere of our +Lord, MDLXXV.” In the pavement at the east end of the +south aisle of nave is a slab bearing the names of William +Hamerton and his wife Elizabeth, and westward of this another +slab, in memory of “Sarah Sellwood, wife of Henry Sellwood, +Esq., <a name="citation42c"></a><a href="#footnote42c" +class="citation">[42c]</a> who died Sep 30, 1816, aged 28 +years.” The late Poet <!-- page 44--><a +name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 44</span>Laureate, +Alfred, afterwards Lord Tennyson, married Mr. Sellwood’s +daughter Emily Sarah, the marriage being solemnised at Shiplake +after the family had left Horncastle. The Laureate’s +elder brother, Charles Tennyson, married another daughter, +Louisa, afterwards taking the additional name of Turner. He +held the vicarage of Grasby near Caistor.</p> +<p>Other monuments are, on the wall of the south aisle, a tablet +inscribed “To the memory of Elizabeth Kelham, only +surviving child of Richard Kelham, Rector of Coningsby. She +was pious, virtuous, and charitable, and died 26 Feb., 1780, aged +58. Reader, imitate her example. Erected by Robert +Kelham, her nephew, as a grateful acknowledgment of her regard +towards him.” On the north wall of the chancel is a +marble tablet in memory of “George Heald, Armiger, e +Consultis Domini Regis, in Curiâ Cancellariâ. +Obiit 18 May, 1834.” Inscriptions below are to his +wife and daughter. Another tablet, of black marble, records +the death of Elizabeth, first wife of the Rev. John Fretwell, +Curate, Dec. 4, 1784, and of his son, Matthew Harold, Sept. 11, +1786. <a name="citation44a"></a><a href="#footnote44a" +class="citation">[44a]</a> Another tablet is in memory of +“Clement Madeley, DD., 42 years Vicar, who died +Good-Friday, 1845, aged 73;” also of his wife Martha, who +died 1807, and of his son Houghton, who died 1838, erected by his +daughter, M. A. Dymoke, <a name="citation44b"></a><a +href="#footnote44b" class="citation">[44b]</a> wife of Rev. John +Dymoke, Champion.</p> +<p>In a glass covered case in the north aisle of the chancel are +three volumes of Foxe’s <i>Book of Martyrs</i>, 1632 +edition, these were formerly chained to a desk, and parts of the +chains remain. They were given by Nicolas Shipley, +gentleman, in 1696, who also presented a brass chandelier of 24 +sockets; he was among the benefactors to the poor of the +town. The present glass case and desk on which the case +rests, were given by the late Vicar, the Rev. A. Scrivenor. +Along with these vols. are “The History of the Old and New +Testaments, gathered out of sacred scripture and writings of the +fathers, a translation from the work of the Sieur de Royaumont, +by several hands. London, printed for R. Blome, I. Sprint, +John Nicholson and John Pero, 1701.” There are some +good old engravings of “The Work of Creation,” +“The Temptation and Fall of Man,” “The +Expulsion from Paradise,” “The Murder of Abel,” +“Ishmael Banished,” &c. The first of these +is dedicated to “Her sacred Majesty, Mary, by the grace of +God, Queen of England, Scotland, France, Ireland, &c., by Her +Majesty’s most obedient servant Richard Blome.” +The next is dedicated to “Her sacred Majesty Katherine, +Queen Dowager of England,” by the same; another is +dedicated to “Her Royal Highness Ann, Princess of +Denmark;” and other plates are dedicated to various +Lincolnshire worthies, some of these are rather damaged, and the +fine old bible is imperfect.</p> +<p>Various old documents may here be quoted, which give items of +interest connected with this church. In <i>Lincolnshire +Wills</i>, 1st series, edited by Canon A. R. Maddison, F.S.A., +1888, is that of James Burton of Horncastle, of date 9 June, +1536, which mentions the lights burnt in the church at that time +before different shrines; these were in all 23, of which 7 were +in honour of the blessed virgin, one was called “The light +of our Lady of Grace,” another <!-- page 45--><a +name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 45</span>“Our +Lady’s light at the font.” Mention is also made +of a “St. Trunyan’s light;” this last saint is +connected with a well at Barton-on-Humber, but nothing further is +known of him under that name. It has been suggested that it +is a corruption of St. Ninian (<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, +vol. i, 149), and in connection with this it is interesting to +refer to the fact that Gervase Holles, whose description of +Horncastle windows we have already quoted, states that there was +a window to St. Ninian placed in the chancel south aisle, by the +Guild of Shoemakers. Here, then, it is possible, the +“St. Trunion’s” or St. Ninian’s +“light” may have been burned, as the emblem of some +whilom Horncastrian’s faith.</p> +<p>A Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 19 Richard II., No. 83 (11 +Dec., 1395), shows that Albinus de Enderby and others assigned a +messuage, with appurtenances, in Horncastle, to pay a chaplain to +say daily masses in the church of the blessed Mary, for the soul +of Simon de Dowode, and other faithful deceased. Wood +Enderby was at that time a chapelry attached to Horncastle +Church.</p> +<p>The right of sanctuary, enjoyed by felons, who sought refuge +in a church, was a very ancient institution, dating from Saxon +times, and only abolished by James I., in 1621, because the great +number of churches in the country rendered it so easy a matter +for highwaymen, then very numerous, to avail themselves of the +privilege, that justice was too often defeated and crime +encouraged. According to custom, if the offender made +confession before a coroner, within 40 days, and took the +prescribed oath at the church door, that he would quit the realm, +his life was spared. A Close Roll, 13 Henry III., Aug. 22, +1229, states that the King, at Windsor, commands the Sheriff of +Lincolnshire (Radulphus filius Reginaldi) to send two coroners to +see that a robber who keeps himself in the church at Horncastle +abjures the kingdom, (<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. i, +p. 49). It is a somewhat curious coincidence, that a +similar document, of date 16 Henry III., Aug. 22, 1232, only +three years later, records a similar incident; and the malefactor +is ordered to “make the assize, and abjuration of the +kingdom, according to the custom of the land and according to the +liberties granted to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle,” +(<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iv, p. 58). We +have the explanation of this later instruction in a Memoranda +Roll of 4 Ed. III., 1330, which states that Henry III. granted, +by charter dated 16th July, in the 15th year of his reign, to +Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, and his successors, that they should +claim “all chattels of felons and fugitives within their +manors,” the crown giving up all claim to the same in their +favour; and the case is added of Robert Mawe, a fugitive, whose +chattels were demanded by the Bishop, and £34 exacted on +that account “from the township of Horncastre.”</p> +<p>It is remarkable that the two cases, above quoted, should have +occurred at the same date, August 22. An explanation of +this has been suggested in the fact that an old calendar shows +that August 22 was a day sacred to St. Zaccheus; and as that +saint set the example of restoring four-fold what he had +unlawfully taken, that day may have been selected for the robber +to surrender his chattels in reparation of his offence. A +not improbable explanation, however, may be found in the fact +that the great August fair, established by Royal Charter, closed +on August 21st, and unruly characters were often left, as dregs +of such gatherings in the place, murders even being not +uncommon. By charter of the same king the Bishop of +Carlisle had power to try felons at Horncastle, and a spot on the +eastern boundary of the parish is still known as <!-- page +46--><a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +46</span>“Hangman’s Corner,” where those who +were capitally convicted in his court were executed.</p> +<p>We give elsewhere a list of the Incumbents of St. +Mary’s, but we may here refer to probably the most +distinguished of them all. A Patent Roll, of date 11 June, +1344 (18 Edward III.), states that Thomas, Bishop of Lincoln +(N.B. This was Thomas Bec, consecrated July 7, 1342, died +Feb. 1, 1346, buried in the north transept of the Cathedral), +“by command of the Most Holy Father, Pope Clement VI., +reduces the taxation of the church at Horncastle, with the +chapels of Askeby (West Ashby), Upper Tynton (High Toynton), +Maring (Mareham-on-the-Hill), and Wod Enderby, to the same church +annexed, to the sum of 50 marks (£33 6s. 8d.), which were +previously taxed at the immoderate sum of £77 +sterling.” This is stated to be done “of the +sincere love with which we value our very dear clerk, Master +Simon de Islep, parson of the church aforesaid.” This +is also confirmed to “his successors, parsons or rectors, +of the said church. Witness the King, at +Westminster.” The merits of this worthy, so valued by +the Holy Father, not long afterwards received further +recognition, since in 1350, only 6 years later, he was promoted +to the highest dignity in the land, next to the sovereign +himself, as Archbishop of Canterbury. <a name="citation46"></a><a +href="#footnote46" class="citation">[46]</a> An earlier +Rector, John de Langton, had been made Bishop of Chichester, A.D. +1305. These are the only incumbents of Horncastle who have +attained the Episcopal Bench, (<i>Horncastle Register Book</i>, +edited by Canon J. Clare Hudson, 1892).</p> +<p>The promotion of the Rector, Simon de Islep, led to more than +one lawsuit. The Bishop of Carlisle, being at that time +heavily in debt, as Lord of the manor, to which, as has already +been stated, the advowson of the church of St. Mary was attached, +had in January, 1347–8 granted the manor to Hugh de Bole, +and others, on their annual payment of £129 19s. +2½d, for three years. On the vacancy thus occurring +the Bishop was summoned to appear at Westminster, before Justice +John de Stonor, and others, to answer to William Widuking, of +Saundeby, executor of the will of the said Hugh de Bole, who +claimed, as tenant of the manor, the right to nominate to the +vacant benefice. The Bishop resisted this claim, and the +case was argued before the King’s Bench, in Hilary term, +1350, when the Bishop was defeated, the claim of William Widuking +being allowed. (County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46. +Pleas at Westminster, 24 Ed. III., roll 104.)</p> +<p>Seventeen years later, on the death of John de Kirkby, Bishop +of Carlisle, who had presented Simon de Islep to Horncastle, the +temporalities of the bishopric for the time lapsed to the King; +and Thomas de Appleby, the succeeding Bishop, with John de +Rouceby, clerk (who afterwards became Rector of Horncastle), were +summoned to answer to the King, that the King be allowed, through +the said lapse, to appoint to the vacant Benefice of St. +Mary. The Bishop and John de Rouceby brought the case +before the court, but they admitted the justice of the +King’s plea, and judgment was given for the King. (De +Banco Roll, 41 Ed. III., in. 621.) Apparently, as a +compromise, the King appointed John de Rouceby. This John +de Rouceby, while Rector of Horncastle, was murdered on the high +road to Lincoln in 1388, (<i>Horncastle Register Book</i>, p. +2).</p> +<p>We may here observe, that in the above documents, the +Incumbent of <!-- page 47--><a name="page47"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 47</span>St. Mary’s Church is styled +“Parson” or “Rector,” not, as he is at +the present day, “Vicar.” On this change of +status we are able to give the following particulars. Among +the Bishop “Nicholson MSS.,” which are in the custody +of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, and consist of extracts from +the old “Bishops’ Registers,” it is stated +(vol. iv, p. 349) that Bishop Stern of Carlisle, under agreement +with the Bishop of Lincoln (Dr. Robert Sanderson) in 1660, +appropriated the Rectorial appurtenances of the Benefice of St. +Mary to the See of Carlisle. This, however, would seem to +be only a confirmation, or renewal, of what had been done long +before, since as far back as 1313, the Bishop of Carlisle +petitioned the Pope, to allow the church revenues of St. Mary, +Horncastle, to be appropriated to that See, which had been +“wasted by war and other calamities;” the Rector of +the day only stipulating for a <i>pensio congrua</i> being +reserved to him for his lifetime. (Carlisle Episcopal +Registers, xix, p. 181 b). This was repeated about 1334 +(<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 187, a. Quoted <i>Horncastle Register +Book</i>, p. 2). The title Rector accordingly disappears +and from about 1400 only that of Vicar is used, the Bishops of +Carlisle themselves having become the +“Rectors.” Early in the 19th century (21 March, +1803) the Bishop of Carlisle leased the manor, with +appurtenances, to Sir Joseph Banks, and his representatives are +now Lay Rectors.</p> +<p>The appointment of one of the early Rectors is a sample of the +abuses connected with Papal supremacy in those times. Peter +de Galicia was nominated Rector in May, 1313, he was a foreigner +and probably drew his income without ever residing at +Horncastle. Having influence at the Papal Curia, he +negociated for the Bishop of Carlisle the transfer of the +Rectorial appurtenances of Horncastle to that See; only, as has +been stated, taking care that he had his own <i>pensio +congrua</i>. Becoming dissatisfied with the benefice he +ultimately exchanged it for the Rectory of Caldbeck in the +diocese of Carlisle. These proceedings are given at length +in Bishop de Kirkby’s Register; his Italian name was Piero +de Galiciano. He was succeeded in 1334 by Robert de +Bramley, Rector of Caldbeck. (Carlisle Episcopal Registers, +quoted <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. v, pp. +244–5).</p> +<p>Horncastle was one of the centres of disturbance at the time +of the “Lincolnshire Rising” (already referred to) or +“Pilgrimage of Grace,” in 1536, and St. Mary’s +Church was the main cause of the local agitation. William +Leche, brother of the parson of Belchford, was a ringleader in +the town. The plundering of churches, by the King’s +“visitors,” for the “valor +ecclesiasticus,” on the plea of regulating ceremonial, but +more really with a view to replenishing the royal coffers, was +the great grievance with the people. Much evidence on the +subject is found among State Papers Domestic, vol. xi, 28 Henry +VIII. One witness, Edward Richardson of Thimbleby, states +that William Leche, on Tuesday, 2nd Oct., “stirred the +people to rise to save the church jewels from the Bishop’s +officers,” who were acting by the King’s orders, the +Bishop being the King’s confessor. Robert Sotheby of +Horncastle, being sworn before Sir Anthony Wyngffeld and Sir +Arthur Hopton, says that “David Benet, a wever, rang the +comon bell,” to rouse the people. The said Robert +stated that he and William Bywater, being churchwardens, were +going to see the work of the plumbers, and in the meantime the +said Davy rang the common bell; and that “William Leche was +the first begynner and sterer of the whole rysinge +there.” The mob marched about with a standard, +carried by Philip Trotter, clad in the armour of Lionel Dymoke, +which he had taken <!-- page 48--><a name="page48"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 48</span>from the church of St. Mary. +The devices on the standard were “a plough,” to +encourage the husbandmen; the “challice and Host,” +because the church plate and jewellery were to have been taken +away; the “wands” were to encourage the people +“to fight in Cristis cause;” the “horn” +betokening Horncastle.</p> +<p>About 100 persons marched to Scrivelsby, and threatened to +drag out Edward Dymoke, the sheriff, and other gentlemen. +The sheriff, Thomas Dymoke, Robert Dighton, and one Saundon, +afterwards went into the field, and conversed with Leche, who +said the Rising was because the Visitors would take the church +goods. The mob took the old gentleman, Sir William Saundon, +and “harried him forth by the arms towards Horncastell, +till from hete and weryness he was almost overcum.” A +horse was brought for him by one Salman of Baumbrough, but one of +the rebels strake the horse on the head, so that both horse and +rider fell to the ground, and they then said he must “go +afote as they did.” He was afterwards confined in the +“Moot Hall,” at Horncastle, and “they sware +him, whether he woll, or no.” Many witnesses +testified to the activity of Leche, in going to private houses +and inducing the men to join, and that the gentlemen only joined +from fear of violence. Richard Mekylwhite of Horncastle was +accused by Thomas Lytellbury, that he was “a great +procurer” (of men), and was “one of the causers of +George Wolsey’s death,” (a servant of the late +Cardinal Wolsey).</p> +<p>William Leche, with a great company, went to Bolingbroke, to +take the Bishop’s Chancellor, Dr. John Rayne, who was lying +there, sick; he was brought on horseback to Horncastle amid cries +of “kill him! kill him!” He begged Philip +Trotter to save him, who said he would do what he could; the +Chancellor gave him xxs., but he in effect did the reverse of +helping him. On reaching the outskirts of the town, +“many parsons and vicars among” the rebels cried +“kill him!” whereat William Hutchinson and William +Balderstone, of Horncastle, “pulled him viantly of his +horse, kneling upon him, and with their staves slew +him.” The Vicar of Thornton gave xvs. to the +rebels. The Vicar of Horncastle, at that time John +Haveringham, seems to have avoided being mixed up with this +movement, as many of his brethren were. The whole affair +barely lasted a week, and it does not appear that the church +plate suffered. The King issued a proclamation from +Richmond, 2 December following, that he pardoned all except the +wretches in ward at Lincoln, T. Kendal the Vicar of Louth, and +William Leche of Horncastle.</p> +<p>For a final notice of old records connected with the church, +we may mention a matter of less importance, but one which we can +hardly realise, in these days of religious liberty, when everyone +is “a law unto himself” in matters of faith, and even +largely in practice. The parish book of the adjoining +Thimbleby, which is in the soke of Horncastle, shews that, as +late as the year 1820, the parish officials ordered all paupers, +in receipt of parish relief, to attend the church services, on +pain of forfeiting the aid granted; and cases are named where the +payment was stopped until the offender had given +satisfaction. The State Papers Domestic of 1634 show that, +at Horncastle, there was a like strictness. Luke Burton of +this town was fined 1s. for being “absent from divine +service,” and again a like sum as “absent from +prayers.” Even “a stranger, a tobacco +man,” was fined 1s. for the same offence; and 3s. 4d. for +“tippling in time of divine service.” John +Berry, butcher, was fined 1s. “for swearing.” +Simon Lawrence, for selling ale contrary to law, was fined 20s.; +the same “for permitting tippling, 20s.;” while for +“selling <!-- page 50--><a name="page50"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 50</span>ale without a licence,” William +Grantham and Margaret Wells were “punished upon their +bodies.” (State Papers Domestic, vol. 272, No. 23, +Chas. I.)</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p49b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Ancient Scythes in St. Mary’s Church" +title= +"Ancient Scythes in St. Mary’s Church" +src="images/p49s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h3>RECTORS AND VICARS.</h3> +<p>We here give a list of these as compiled by Canon J. Clare +Hudson, in his 1st volume of the <i>Horncastle Parish Register +Book</i>, 1892.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>A.D.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span +class="smcap">rectors</span>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1236–7</p> +</td> +<td><p>Geoffrey de Leueknor by the Bishop of Carlisle (admitted +on condition it be found the same church with the churches of +[Wood] Enderby, and [High] Toynton and another, which Osbert the +last rector held, be one benefice).</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1239–40</p> +</td> +<td><p>(Delegates of the Pope in a dispute between G. parson of +the church of Horncastre and Francis, parson of the church of +[West] Askeby, concerning the church of Askeby, decide that +G[eoffrey] and his successors, are to hold the church of Askeby, +and pay to Francis annually for life 27 marks sterling, and the +bishop confirms this ordinance)</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1246</p> +</td> +<td><p>Adam de Kirkby.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>12--</p> +</td> +<td><p>Ralph Tulgol.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1275</p> +</td> +<td><p>Hugh de Penna (otherwise Hugh de la Penne, Assize Roll, 4 +Ed. I. <i>Lincs.</i> <i>Notes & Queries</i>, iv, p. +220).</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1295</p> +</td> +<td><p>John de Langton.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1305</p> +</td> +<td><p>Gilbert de Haloughton.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1313</p> +</td> +<td><p>Peter de Galicia.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center"><span +class="smcap">vicars</span>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1334</p> +</td> +<td><p>Robert de Bramley.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>13--</p> +</td> +<td><p>William de Hugate.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1349</p> +</td> +<td><p>Simon de Islep, <i>resigned</i> in 1349, on becoming +Archbishop of Canterbury.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1357</p> +</td> +<td><p>William de Hugate, presented by Gilbert, Bishop of +Carlisle, on exchange.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1369</p> +</td> +<td><p>John de Rouceby.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1388</p> +</td> +<td><p>William Stryckland.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1401</p> +</td> +<td><p>Thomas Carleton, Chaplain.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1445</p> +</td> +<td><p>Robert Somercotes.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>14--</p> +</td> +<td><p>John Eston.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1492</p> +</td> +<td><p>John Ffalconer.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1517</p> +</td> +<td><p>Richard Denham.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1524</p> +</td> +<td><p>Barnard Towneley.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1531</p> +</td> +<td><p>Robert Jamys, Chaplain.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1535</p> +</td> +<td><p>John Havringham.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>15--</p> +</td> +<td><p>Arthur Layton.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1538</p> +</td> +<td><p>Peter Wallensis.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1557</p> +</td> +<td><p>Henry Henshoo, or Henshaw.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1560</p> +</td> +<td><p>Clement Monke. <a name="citation50"></a><a +href="#footnote50" class="citation">[50]</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1584</p> +</td> +<td><p>Francis Purefey.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1587</p> +</td> +<td><p>Richard Foster.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1593</p> +</td> +<td><p>John Jackson.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1595</p> +</td> +<td><p>Robert Hollinhedge.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1634</p> +</td> +<td><p>Thomas Gibson.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1678</p> +</td> +<td><p>John Tomlinson.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1678–9</p> +</td> +<td><p>Thomas Loddington.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1724</p> +</td> +<td><p>James Fowler.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1779</p> +</td> +<td><p>Joseph Robertson.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1802</p> +</td> +<td><p>Clement Madely.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1845</p> +</td> +<td><p>Thos. James Clarke.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1853</p> +</td> +<td><p>Wm. Holme Milner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><!-- page 51--><a name="page51"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 51</span>1868</p> +</td> +<td><p>Robert Giles.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1872</p> +</td> +<td><p>Arthur Scrivenor.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1882</p> +</td> +<td><p>Edwin Fowler Quarrington.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>1900</p> +</td> +<td><p>Alfred Edgar Moore.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>For some of the earlier details I am indebted to the Rev. W. +O. Massingberd.</p> +<p>The Parish Registers of Horncastle are of some interest. +They date from 1559, the year following the +“Injunction” issued by Queen Elizabeth (the 3rd of +its kind) ordering the regular keeping of such records; similar, +earlier, though less stringent, orders having been made in 1538, +1547 and 1552. Besides the records of baptisms, marriages +and burials, there are occasional notes on peculiar passing +events, which we may here notice. One of these occurs in +1627, “Upon Monday, beinge the xxviijth day of January was +a great Tempest of Winde, the like hath not often been in any +age; like wise upon Friday the 4th of November 1636 in the night +time there happened a more fearful (wind than) before.</p> +<p>Mr. Weir, in his <i>History of Horncastle</i>, quotes a note +(folio 42 b of the Register): “On the vth daie of October +one thousand six hundred and three, in the ffirst yere of oure +Sov’aigne Lord King James was holden in Horncastell Church +a solemnn fast from eight in the morning until fower a clock in +the after noone by five preachers, vidz. Mr. Hollinghedge, Vicar +of Horncastell, Mr. Turner of Edlington, Mr. Downes of Lusbye, +Mr. Philipe of Solmonbye, Mr. Tanzey of Hagworthingha’, +occasioned by a generall and most feareful plague yt yere in +sundrie places of this land, but especially upon the Cytie of +London. p’r me Clementem Whitelock.” +(Parish Clerk.)</p> +<p>We may observe that at this time there perished in London more +than 30,000 persons; but the great plague, or “black +death,” occurred 61 years later (1664–5), which +carried off from 70,000 to 100,000 persons. Between these +periods, and previously, various parishes in our neighbourhood +suffered from this visitation; for instance at Roughton, which is +in the soke of Horncastle, there were 43 burials, including those +of the Rector and two daughters, in the year 1631–2; while +in the adjoining parish of Haltham (also in the soke) although +there was no increase of mortality at that date, there had been +51 deaths in the year 1584; there being a note in the register +for that year, “This yeare plague in Haltham.” +The turn, however, for Horncastle came in the year 1631, when the +register shows that between May 3 and Sep. 29, there were no less +than 176 deaths; in one case 7 in a family (Cocking), 5 in a +family (Halliday), in other cases 4 (Joanes), and again +(Hutchinson) 4, (Fawcitts) 4, (Cheesbrooke) 4, &c. In +August alone there were 86 deaths, and not a single marriage +through all these months, whereas the following year there were +only 25 deaths in the whole twelve months. Truly +Horncastrians were, at that dread time, living with the sword of +Damocles hanging over them. A note in the margin in this +year is as follows, “Oct. 5th, buryalls since July 23, 144; +burialls since Easter 182.”</p> +<p>We have already given the history of the Vicar, Rev. Thos. +Gibson, he is referred to in the two following notes in the +Register. At the end of folio 81a (1635) we find, after the +signature of himself and churchwardens, “Thomas Gibson, +Clerk, Master of the free school of Newcastel uppon Tine, one of +the Chapleins of the Right Reverend Father in God Barnabas, by +Divine P’vidence Lo. Bpp. Carliel, presented by the said +Lo. Bpp., was inducted into this Vicarage of Horncastel April +xiiij, 1634.” At the end of folio 85a (1639) after +<!-- page 52--><a name="page52"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +52</span>similar signatures is this: “The sd Mr. Thomas +Gibson, being outed of Horncastle by Cromwell’s +Commissioners, removed to Nether Toynton, lived there one yeare, +after restored againe, taught some Gentlemen sonnes in his owne +house, was afterward called to ye scole at Newark, where he +continued one yeare, then was importuned to Sleeford, whether he +went ye week after Easter 1650, continued there until May ye +first 1661; then, the King being returned, he returned to his +Vicaridge, and was by Doctor Robert Sanderson, Bishop of Linkcoln +made Preban of Saint Mairie Crakepoule in the Church of +Linkcoln.”</p> +<p>It may be observed that the spelling in those times, the +entries doubtless being often made by the parish clerk, was +rather phonetic than orthographic. Many names occur which +still survive, but here spelt variously, for instance Fawssett +has been a name well known in Horncastle in modern times in a +good position, in town and county, here we find it in generation +after generation as Fawcet, Fawset, Faucitt, &c. The +name Raithbeck is of continual occurrence, it is now probably +represented by Raithby. Castledine occurs several times, +being probably the phonetic form of the modern Cheseltine. +The present name Chantry appears as Chauntry. Palfreyman, +or Palfreman, occurs on several occasions, they were of a +respectable family in the county, William Palfreyman being Mayor +of Lincoln in 1534; Ralph Palfreyman, clerk, was presented to the +Benefice of Edlington, by his brother Anthony, merchant of the +Staple, Lincoln, in 1569.</p> +<p>In folio 69a (1628) is the entry “Tirwhitt Douglas, +daughter unto Mr. George Tirwhitt, christened Jan. +8.” Her father George Tyrwhitt was a scion of the old +county family of the Tyrwhitts of Kettleby, Stainfield, &c., +by Faith, daughter of Nicholas Cressy of Fulsby, who married +Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Ayscough, of another very old +county family. She was named Douglas, though a female, +after her kinswoman, Douglas, daughter of William, first Lord +Howard of Effingham. Her sister married Sir Edward Dymoke +of Scrivelsby. She herself is mentioned among the +benefactors to the poor of Horncastle, as leaving a charge of +10s. on a farm at Belchford, as an annual payment, on her death +in 1703.</p> +<p>Another name of frequent occurrence, though now extinct, is +that of Hamerton. John Hamerton (as already stated) is +mentioned, with John Goake, on a tablet inserted in the wall on +the south side of the chancel arch, as being churchwarden in the +vicariate of Thomas Gibson, in 1675, and throughout the early +registers successive generations of this family are +recorded. They may have been humble scions of the +Hamertons, of Hamerton, Yorkshire, a branch of whom were among +the landed gentry near the Scottish border; but at Horncastle +they were engaged in trade. John Hamerton, christened Dec. +10, 1575, whose probable father, another John Hamerton, was +buried Sep. 3, 1584, married Feb. 2, 1613, Grace Broxholme, whose +father John Broxholme is described as “Gent” in +1611. Thomas Hamerton in 1603 was a draper, another Thomas +Hamerton in 1613 was a “yoman,” John in 1615 was a +tanner, Thomas in 1606 and 1617 was a tanner, Robert son of +Thomas in 1619 was a tanner, William in 1620 was a glover. +In 1630, Thomas, buried Jan. 24, is designated +“Mr.” On June 16, 1633, Katherine Hamerton is +married “by Licence” to George Colimbell. A +rise in status is indicated by the two latter entries, and +accordingly, in the records of the neighbouring parish of +Edlington we find “Geo. Hamerton, gent., and Sarah Hussey +married July 21, 1699;” the Husseys being probably +connected with <!-- page 53--><a name="page53"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 53</span>the county family, the head of which +was Lord Hussey of Sleaford. The John Hamerton, +churchwarden in 1675, was born Jan. 22, 1636, son of John and +Dorothy Hamerton. The marriage of the parents is not given +in the register, the father therefore probably married an +“outener,” as they are provincially termed. The +interesting point however in connection with this family is, that +although they have long ago been extinct, they have left their +mark behind them still surviving in the town. Near the +junction of East Street with South Street there still exists at +the back of the second shop, in the former street (a repository +for fancy needlework), a room lined with good oak wainscoting, +with finely carved mantelpiece, over which is an inscription, +richly carved in relief, with the letters “A° Di” +to the left, and to the right the date “1573;” while +above, in the centre, are the initials “J H” and +“M H;” separated by a floriated cross and encircled +by a wreath. This would doubtless be John Hamerton and his +wife Mary (or Margaret) Hamerton, the original builders of the +house. Two doors beyond is Hamerton Lane, and the title +deeds, which the present writer has inspected, show that the +whole of this block of buildings now forming five shops and two +private residences, once formed one large dwelling place, +belonging to the Hamerton of that day, with a frontage in East +Street of more than 20 yards, and in South Street of 70 or 80 +yards, with extensive back premises and gardens attached. +The J.H. and M.H., of whom we have here such interesting relics, +were probably the grandfather and grandmother of the John +Hamerton of the time of the Commonwealth and Charles II., and the +extent of the buildings occupied by them show that they were +wealthy.</p> +<p>Tanning was at one time the chief trade of the town, there +being within the writer’s recollection several tan yards, +now no longer existing. The Bain water was said to be +specially suited for this purpose. We have seen that +several of the Hamertons were tanners, and they had evidently +prospered in their calling.</p> +<p>One more name in the register deserves a brief notice, that of +Snowden (spelt there Snoden). We have, at various dates, +from 22 Oct. 1629, onwards, the baptisms of the whole family of +Mr. Rutland Snowden, and the burials of some of them. The +Snowdens were originally a Notts. family, of the smaller gentry +class, but Robert Snowden, third son of Ralph Snowden, of +Mansfield Woodhouse, became Bishop of Carlisle, and, ex officio, +Lord of the Manor of Horncastle. The Bishops of Carlisle +had, as has been already stated, a residence in Horncastle, near +the present Manor House, and the Bishop’s widow, Abigail, +probably resided there. In her will, dated 15 April, 1651, +and proved 7 May in the same year, she mentions her sons Rutland +and Scrope; there was also another son Ralph. Rutland +married on Xmas day, 1628, Frances, widow of George Townshend, +Esq., of Halstead Hall, Stixwould, and Lord of the Manor of +Cranworth, Norfolk, by whom he had a large family. His +granddaughter, Jane Snowden, married Charles Dymoke, Esq., of +Scrivelsby; she died childless and founded and endowed the +village school and almshouses at Hemingby. Another +granddaughter, Abigail, married Edward Dymoke, younger son of Sir +Edward Dymoke, of Scrivelsby, as shewn by the register there, on +18 July, 1654, and she thus became ancestress of the Tetford +branch of the Dymokes, now also of Scrivelsby.</p> +<p>Rutland Snowden, who graduated B.A. at Christ’s College, +Cambridge, 1617–8, took his M.A. degree at St. John’s +College, Oxford, 1623, and was admitted a member of Gray’s +Inn in the same year. He was buried at <!-- page 54--><a +name="page54"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 54</span>Horncastle, +1654 (<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp. +14–16). That was a period of national disturbance, +and the people of Horncastle, with the Winceby fight of 1643, +were more or less drawn into the vortex. Abigail Snowden, +widow of Bishop Robert of Carlisle seems to have been brought +into much trouble, owing to her son, Rutland, having espoused the +Royalist cause. Among Exchequer Bills and Answers (Chas. +I., Lincoln, No. 86) is a petition shewing that Francis, Bishop +of Carlisle, leased to Rutland Snowden and his assignees, for +three lives, the manor, lands, parsonage, and other premises at +Horncastle, on payment of £120. Subsequent +proceedings would seem to imply that this lease was previously +granted to the said Abigail herself, as shewn by the following: +“To the Honourable the Commissioners for compounding with +delinquents. The Humble Petition of Abigail Snowden, widow, +sheweth that Richard Milborne, late Bishop of Carlisle, did, 22 +Sep., 1623, for valuable consideracions, demise the manor and +soke of Horncastle (parcel of ye lands of ye Bishopricke) unto +your petitonr, during the lives of Rutland Snoden, Scroope +Snoden, and George Snoden, and for the life of the longest of +them; that the said demise being allowed good unto her by the +trustees . . . yet hath bene, and is, sequestrated, for the +delinquensie of the said Rutland Snoden . . . the petitioner +prayeth . . . that your petitioner may have releife . . . as to +you shall seem meet. And yr petitioner will praie, +&c. Abigail Snoden, 24 Nov., 1650.” A note +adds that the matter was “Referred to Mr. Brereton, to +examine and report.”</p> +<p>It was reported on by Peter Brereton, 31 Jan. following +(Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, vol. 58, No. +515). As this is a fair sample of the treatment by the +Parliamentary officials of Royalist “delinquents” and +their friends, we here give further particulars.</p> +<p>A similar petition was presented by “John Bysse, +gent.” (given in Royalist Composition Papers, 1st series, +vol. 8, No. 167). Further, Abigail Snowden bequeathed her +interest in the above lease to Thos. Toking, who was of Bucknall +and of Ludgate Hill, London. Accordingly, two years later, +we have another attempt at recovery, as follows: “To the +Honourable Commissioners for compounding with Delinquents. +The humble petition of Thomas Toking, of Co. Lincoln, gent., +sheweth, that a lease was made to him by Abigail Snowden, widow, +deceased, of the manor, &c., &c., which had been +sequestered many years, for the delinquency of Rutland Snowden . +. . and that he (T. Toking) has more to offer, for the clearing +of his title. He prays therefore for a commission of +enquiry. 21 Oct., 1652.” Reply: “not +sufficient proof.”</p> +<p>The said Thos. Toking again petitions, stating, that he is +willing, to avoid further trouble, to submit to “a +reasonable composition.” This is again +“referred to Mr. Brereton,” 7 Feb., 1653. On 21 +Sep., 1653, the order was issued that “the Petitioner be +admitted for compounding.” Again “Referred to +Mr. Brereton.” The result, however, was that Mr. +Thomas Toking died before obtaining the “relief” +petitioned for.</p> +<p>N.B. Besides the “delinquency” of having +“adhered to, and assisted, ye forces against the +Parliament,” it was charged against Rutland Snowden that he +had “more wives than one.” He “rendered +his estate in fee” at Horncastle, in Nov., 1645, for which +his fine, at one-tenth was £188 (Royalist Composition +Papers, 1st series, fol. 113). His son, a second Rutland +Snowden, was among the Benefactors of Horncastle, as he +bequeathed to the poor of the town, 1682, “one house of the +yearly rent of 26s.,” to be “paid in bread, 6d. <!-- +page 55--><a name="page55"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +55</span>every other Sunday;” a considerably larger sum at +that time than now.</p> +<p>We find the names of Rutland Snoden of Horncastle, and Scrope +Snoden of Boston, in the list of Lincolnshire Gentry, entitled to +bear arms, made by the Heralds, at their Visitation in 1634; +along with other well known names in the neighbourhood, such as +Dymoke, Heneage, Laugton, Massingberd, Tyrwhitt, &c. +(<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. i, p. 106). The +Snowden arms are said, in Yorke’s <i>Union of Honour</i>, +to have been “Azure a lion rampant, or.” (<i>Lincs. +Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iv, p. 16).</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p55b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Old Vicarage" +title= +"The Old Vicarage" +src="images/p55s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The Vicarage of St. Mary’s Church formerly stood at the +north-east corner of the churchyard, forming part of a block of +small houses. It was a poor residence, but occupied until +his death in 1845, by the Vicar, Clement Madely, DD. The +whole block was, about that time, taken down, the space being, +later on, covered with the present substantial buildings. +His successor, Rev. T. J. Clarke, rented a good house in South +Street, now occupied by Mrs. Howland. Mr. Clarke was +succeeded by the Rev. W. Holme Milner, in 1853, and he built the +present vicarage.</p> +<p>St. Mary’s Churchyard was closed, for burials, in 1848, +when the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated.</p> +<p>We here give a list of the Church Plate, which is more than +usually valuable.</p> +<p>1. Paten, silver, 15 oz. 2 dwt., given by Mrs. Hussey, +1718. ☼</p> +<p>2. Paten lid, silver, 2 oz. 2 dwt., old, no date.</p> +<p>3. Paten, pewter, no date.</p> +<p>4. Chalice, silver gilt, 7 oz., old, no date.</p> +<p>5. Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 4 dwt. In +memoriam, J.H., 1879.</p> +<p>6. Chalice, silver gilt, 13 oz. 2 dwt. *</p> +<p>7. Flagon, silver, 59 oz., given by Susannah Lascells, +1741.</p> +<p>8. Flagon, silver, 58 oz. 2 dwt., given by Susannah +Lascelles, widow, Christmas, 1743. ☼</p> +<p><!-- page 56--><a name="page56"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +56</span>9. Alms basin, silver, 6 oz. 6 dwt., given by +Thomas Hargreaves, Esq., 1735. T.M.H. on handle.</p> +<p>10. Alms Basin, silver, 7 oz. 6 dwt., given by Clement +Madely, vicar, 1835.</p> +<p>11. Paten, silver gilt, 13 oz. In Memoriam, +J.H. 1879.</p> +<p>12. Paten, silver. 4 oz. 2 dwt., no date. ☼</p> +<p>13. Cruet with silver stopper, H.T.C. 1872.</p> +<p>Those marked with asterisk are used at Holy Trinity +Church.</p> +<p>We cannot here omit our tribute to the energy, liberality, and +taste of the various parties connected with the restoration of +St. Mary’s Church, begun in 1859, and happily completed in +April, 1861. With a persevering vicar, in Prebendary W. H. +Milner, undaunted by difficulties, to head the movement; a +working committee, no less resolute, to support him (among whom +figured foremost the late Dr. J. B. Boulton and Mr. F. Harwood); +with an architect of cultivated taste and wide experience, in Mr. +Ewan Christian; and with the able contractors, Messrs. Lee & +Ashton, to carry out his designs; and with a body of subscribers, +headed by the Lord of the Manor, J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., all +doing their best; the work was bound to be a marked success, of +which all might be proud. St Mary’s now probably +approaches nearer to its original conception (if it does not, +indeed, surpass it) than it has ever done in recent times. +Erected, as it first was, in an age marked by “zeal” +for church construction, even if sometimes “without +knowledge;” stimulated, perhaps in an unwholesome degree, +by the prevalent superstition and mariolatry, we yet feel bound, +considering the noble structures which those builders have +transmitted to us, (as Prior the poet says) to be “To their +virtues very kind, and to their faults a little +blind.” But, as to the restoration in the present +instance, few, save the older ones among us, who remember the +condition into which the fabric had lapsed, can realise the great +changes which were effected, or the advantages secured to present +worshippers. The space formerly wasted by a western +vestibule, with its boarded partition, and baize-covered doors, +leading into nave and aisles, reducing by several feet the length +of sitting space; the basement of the tower shut off, and +occupied only by the bell ringers, who are now removed to the +chamber above; the chancel aisles unused for seats and partially +blocked up; the high square pews, rising in tiers westwards, +roomy enough for undisturbed slumber; above all, the heavy +galleries, with pews, made by faculty private property; all these +arrangements so curtailed the accommodation, that the +congregation, at its best, could be little more than half what it +has been in recent years; while the <i>tout ensemble</i>, not +omitting the flat whitewashed ceiling, put up, it has been said, +by a kind lady, because the vicar, sensitive to cold, felt the +draughts through the fine wooden roof thus hidden above, had an +effect the very opposite of stimulating devotion, bad alike for +minister and people. Under the restored condition, with +sixty additional seats provided in the tower, the south chancel +aisle also seated, and every available space utilized, there is +now ample accommodation for some 800 worshippers, and on special +occasions more than 1,200 have been seated (the late Mr. W. Pacy +counted about 1,250 passing out at the evening service at the +re-opening in April, 1861); while the services, and the +surroundings, are alike calculated to inspire feelings of +reverence, with hearty earnestness of worship; this is the result +mainly due to the “decency and order” effected +through the care and self-denying efforts of the restorers, for +which all should be grateful.</p> +<p>We should here add that in the year 1892, it being found that +decay had occurred in the walls and other parts of the church, +about £150 was raised by subscription, and once more the +fabric was put into a complete state of repair.</p> +<h2><!-- page 57--><a name="page57"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +57</span>CHAPTER IV.<br /> +THE CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY</h2> +<p>Was built in the years 1847 and 1848, as a Chapel of Ease to +St. Mary’s Church, in the vicariate of the Rev. T. J. +Clarke, at a cost of about £2,500; £500 having been +bequeathed towards that purpose by his predecessor, Dr. Clement +Madely, and the rest being raised by public subscriptions. +The foundation stone was laid April 6, in the former year, by Sir +Henry Dymoke, Bart., the Queen’s Champion. The roof +of the nave was reared Oct. 12, and the cross on the east end of +the chancel erected Nov. 25, in the same year. The church +and churchyard were consecrated by Dr. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, +April 27, 1848; his Lordship preaching at the opening service in +the morning, and Dr. Percy, Bishop of Carlisle (as Patron <a +name="citation57a"></a><a href="#footnote57a" +class="citation">[57a]</a> of the Benefice) in the +afternoon. The architect was Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston +(author of <i>Churches of the Division of Holland</i>, 1843, +&c) Mr. Hind, of Sleaford, being the contractor for the +work.</p> +<p>It was a condition of Dr. Madely’s bequest that the +church should be commenced within two years of his death, which +occurred on Good Friday, March 21, 1845. This fortunately +was just (but only just) effected <a name="citation57b"></a><a +href="#footnote57b" class="citation">[57b]</a> in time to secure +the bequest.</p> +<p>When the churchyard of Holy Trinity was consecrated that of +St. Mary’s was closed, with the exception of some private +vaults; both these burial grounds being closed in 1888, when the +public cemetery was opened; the <!-- page 58--><a +name="page58"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 58</span>church part +of which was consecrated on Nov. 7th, in that year, by the Bishop +of Lincoln, Dr. King.</p> +<p>The church is in the Early English style, consisting of nave, +chancel, north and south aisles, north porch, high open belfry +with one bell, and has sittings for 400 persons. The +materials of the structure are white brick, with dressings of +Ancaster stone. It was considerably improved in 1887, and, +more recently, in 1895.</p> +<p>The windows in the north and south aisles are plain small +lancets, in pairs; 5 pairs on the south side, and 4 pairs, with +porch door, on the north. The north and south arcades have +5 bays, with narrow perpendicular arches, except the easternmost, +on both sides, which are wider, with a view to future transepts; +the octagonal columns of brick have nicely carved stone +capitals. The clerestory windows above, 5 on each side, are +alternately quatrefoils and inverted triangles. The roof is +of a very high pitch, slated externally, and internally of deeply +stained deal. The principals of the chancel roof are +ornamented with deeply cut dog-tooth pattern. The choir is +rather narrow, and without aisles. At the east end of the +north aisle is the vestry, the doorway leading to it having a +richly carved arch, supported by twin pilasters, with carved +capitals; the porch doorway has also a richly carved arch, with +dog-tooth moulding, and clusters of pillars below.</p> +<p>The east window in the chancel is of 3 lights, and is an +enlarged copy of the beautiful Early English east window of +Kirkstead Abbey Chapel; with triple columns between, and, on +either side of the lights, having richly carved capitals; the +wall space above being also elaborately carved with floriated +pattern. It was fitted with coloured glass, by an anonymous +donor, in memory of the Rev. T. J. Clarke, in whose vicariate, as +has been stated, the church was built. The subjects are, +running across and in the centre, the Nativity, the Crucifixion, +and Transfiguration; above being the Resurrection, and Christ +sitting in glory; and in the lower row, our Lord as the Good +Shepherd, the Man of sorrows and the Light of the world.</p> +<p>In the chancel walls, north and south, are triple windows in +the same style, but with plain columns and white glass. +Below the east window is a stone Reredos, having four panels with +decorated arches on each side, north and south; with a central +canopy of 3 compartments, nicely carved, and plain cross in the +centre. This was carved and designed by Messrs. F. Bell +& Son, of Horncastle. The Reredos was due to a movement +originating with the Girls’ Club, then under the management +of Miss Agnes Armstrong; assisted by contributions from members +of the choir, a considerable sum of money being raised by them, +for altar frontals and other fittings in the chancel. +These, and other additions, were dedicated by the late vicar, +Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, on All Saints’ day, Nov. 1, +1895.</p> +<p>The Organ, on the north side of the choir, is a good +instrument. In the early days of the church an old organ +was transferred from St. Mary’s Church and placed at the +west end, but this was sold in 1869, and for some years a +harmonium was used in the choir. The present instrument was +the work of Messrs. Foster & Andrews, of Hull, and has one +manual, with pedals.</p> +<p>The Pulpit, on the south of the lofty chancel arch, is of +stone, having 5 panels with dog-tooth borders, illuminated in +gold and various colours; and having, within central circles, +figures of SS. Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the fifth having the +cross with the inscription “Feed my sheep.” The +Reading Desk, on the north, is part of the chancel sedilia; this, +with the Lectern, <!-- page 59--><a name="page59"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 59</span>slightly carved, in front of it, and +all the sittings, are of pitch pine, stained.</p> +<p>At the west end of the south aisle is a plain lancet window of +one light. The window corresponding to this, in the north +aisle, has good coloured glass, in memory of the late Hugh +George, M.D., who died in 1895. It has two subjects (1) The +healing of the lame man by SS. Peter and John, at the beautiful +gate of the temple, and (2) Luke, the beloved physician, +ministering to St. Paul, in prison at Rome.</p> +<p>The west window is of two lights, narrow lancets with circular +window above, having quatrefoil tracery. These are filled +with coloured glass, given by the late Miss Lucy Babington of The +Rookery, Horncastle, in memory of her parents, brothers and +sister. The subject in the upper “Rose” window +is the Holy Dove descending; those in the window below are (1) +our Lord’s Baptism, (2) His commission to the disciples, +“Go ye, and baptize all nations;” (3) The baptism of +a Jew (St. Paul), and (4) The baptism of a Gentile (Cornelius). +<a name="citation59"></a><a href="#footnote59" +class="citation">[59]</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p59b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Holy Trinity Church" +title= +"Holy Trinity Church" +src="images/p59s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Below this window, and in keeping with the subjects above, +stands the Font, on a plain octagonal base. The bowl is +circular and larger than that in St. Mary’s Church. +It is supported by 8 carved pilasters at the angles, with a +central one; rising from these are narrow arches with dog-tooth +moulding.</p> +<p>In the eastern part of the churchyard lie the remains of four +successive vicars of Horncastle, and the wife of a fifth. A +coffin-shaped stone, adorned with a full-length floriated cross, +has this inscription: “Thomas James Clarke, M.A., Vicar of +Horncastle, died 14th May, 1853. Is any among you +afflicted, let him pray.” This stone was put down by +the Rev. Edmund Huff, <!-- page 60--><a name="page60"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 60</span>who was curate at the time of Mr. +Clarke’s death, and afterwards Rector of Little Cawthorpe +near Louth.</p> +<p>An upright stone, the head forming an inverted overhanging +arch, ornamented with dog-tooth pattern (copied from a panel in +the church pulpit), has the inscription: “W. H. Milner, +Vicar of Horncastle, died October 3rd, 1868, aged +64.” Within the arch is a Calvary Cross, on the steps +of which are these words “He that believeth in Me hath +everlasting life.” On the base of the stone is a +quotation from the Burial Service, “Blessed are the dead, +which die in the Lord, &c.” Near this a massive +decorated cross bears the inscription: “Robert Giles, Vicar +of Horncastle, died July 12th, 1872. Jesu, +Mercy.” This is an exact reproduction of a granite +cross in Willoughby churchyard, erected to the memory of the late +Archdeacon Giles, the vicar’s brother.</p> +<p>A grass grave, surrounded by a kerb, has resting upon it a +full-length plain Latin cross, along the arms of which is +inscribed “Jesu Mercy.” Surrounding the kerb is +the inscription “Arthur Scrivenor, M.A., Vicar of +Horncastle, born January 13th, 1831, died August 27th, +1882.” “Never resting, never tiring, in the +endless work of God;” the latter words being a quotation +from Dr. Mansel’s <i>Life of Bishop Wilberforce of Oxford +and Winchester</i>.</p> +<p>Very near the last tomb is the grave of the wife of the late +Vicar of Horncastle, Prebendary E. F. Quarrington, now Rector of +Welby, near Grantham; the plain slab bears the inscription +“At rest, Nov. 25, 1888.”</p> +<p>The following biographical notes may not be without +interest. The Rev. T. J. Clarke was a remarkable man; born +in this neighbourhood, in a humble rank of life (his widowed +mother occupying a cottage in Woodhall, where, to his honour, he +frequently visited her, and supported her, during his vicariate), +he was apprenticed as a boy to a tradesman in Leeds. A lady +upon whom he attended, as she made purchases in the shop, noticed +his intelligence; the result being that she sent him, at her own +expense, to be educated at a good school, and, in due time, +assisted him to enter at St. John’s College, Cambridge, +where he took Double Honours, and obtained a Fellowship. He +was afterwards appointed to the Vicarage of Penrith, Cumberland, +thus coming under the notice of the Bishop of Carlisle, who, as +Patron, presented him to the Vicarage of Horncastle, on the death +of Dr. Madely in 1845. With Mr. Clarke’s arrival in +Horncastle it was felt that a new era in church life had +begun. He threw himself with characteristic energy into +every kind of work, and at one time had 3 curates. To him +was due the erection of Holy Trinity Church, and a great +multiplication of Church services. The old vicarage, a poor +house close to St. Mary’s churchyard, was pulled down, and +he rented the house in South Street, with extensive gardens, +which afterwards became the residence of Major Armstrong and now +occupied by Mrs. Howland. Notwithstanding his heavy +parochial work Mr. Clarke (as the present writer can testify) +kept up his classical and mathematical studies. He was also +devoted to music, and a very skilful performer on the +flute. Although these were relaxations from his more +serious parochial labours, the amount of mental work involved +eventually told upon his health, and in the 8th year of his +vicariate it became perceptible, even in his pulpit utterances, +that his mind was affected. He had married a Cumberland +lady, but all her care and attention was unavailing; he gradually +collapsed into a condition of melancholy, scarcely roused by +anything except the music of his piano. <a +name="citation60"></a><a href="#footnote60" +class="citation">[60]</a> The end <!-- page 61--><a +name="page61"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 61</span>inevitable +was seen to be approaching, but unfortunately Mr. Clarke by his +own act anticipated it. Being accidently left alone for a +few moments he took a pistol, which he had concealed in a drawer, +walked out into the garden and shot himself, the overwrought +brain rendering him no longer accountable for his actions.</p> +<p>Of his successor, the Rev. Prebendary W. H. Milner, who, like +Mr. Clarke, had held preferment in the diocese of Carlisle, we +have only to say that he was an able man of business, carried on +the work of the church with great energy, and introduced many +reforms. He built the present vicarage. He was the +last vicar nominated by the Bishop of Carlisle. Of the next +two vicars it may be said that their tenure of office was all too +short, hard faithful labour cutting off the Rev. Robert Giles (as +we have before stated) in 1872, after a vicariate of only 4 +years; while the Rev. Arthur Scrivenor died, after 10 years work +in the parish, in his 51st year, in 1882. Canon E. Fowler +Quarrington succeeded him, and held the vicarage during 18 years, +when he was transferred, in 1900, to the Rectory of Welby, near +Grantham. The Rev. Prebendary Alfred Edgar Moore, formerly +Vicar of Messingham, near Brigg, began his vicariate in 1900, +being inducted into the benefice on August 24, in that year.</p> +<p>Horncastle, we may here add, has been well served by its +Curates. “Comparisons are (proverbially) +odious,” we will not therefore refer to any of these in +recent years; but we may take three typical cases of men whose +memory is still green and redolent of good work.</p> +<p>In the latter years of the amiable vicar, Dr. Madely, he +needed an active assistant, and such was the Rev. William +Spranger White, of Trinity College, Cambridge, a member of a +family of position, the head of which was his uncle, Sir Thomas +Wollaston White, of Wallingwells Park, Worksop, High Sheriff +1839, and formerly of the 10th Hussars. Mr. White possessed +independent means and was very generous. He was of a most +sympathetic nature, and became greatly beloved by all +classes. He worked hard in the parish from his ordination +in 1833 to 1849. <a name="citation61"></a><a href="#footnote61" +class="citation">[61]</a> In that year he was selected by +the Marchioness of Lothian, to take charge of an Episcopalian +Church, which her Ladyship built and endowed at Jedburgh, +Roxburghshire. The church was opened with an octave of +services, which were attended by the great Doctor Hook of Leeds, +who had recommended Mr. White to her Ladyship. The father +of the present writer, and many leading clergymen from this +neighbourhood, and various parts of England and Scotland, +attended the opening services. Mr. White remained there for +some years, and married the eldest daughter of Lord Chancellor +Campbell, who resided at Hartrigg House, near Jedburgh. +This <!-- page 62--><a name="page62"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +62</span>marriage led to his subsequent return to England, being +appointed by the Lord Chancellor to the Rectory of St. Just, near +Land’s End, Cornwall; at a later date promoted to the +Vicarage of Chaddesley Corbett, near Kidderminster, +Worcestershire; and finally in 1859 to the Rectory of +Potterhanworth, near Lincoln, of which cathedral he was made an +Honorary Canon, in recognition of his generous gifts towards +cathedral improvements. Here he did excellent work until +his death in 1893. <a name="citation62"></a><a href="#footnote62" +class="citation">[62]</a></p> +<p>We next take two of the well chosen curates of the Vicar, T. +J. Clarke, who were contemporaries at Horncastle; Charles +Dashwood Goldie of St. John’s College, Cambridge, where he +took Mathematical Honours in 1847, was ordained as Curate of +Horncastle in 1848. An able preacher and indefatigable +worker in the parish, he at once made his mark, not only in the +town, but in the neighbourhood; he and his beautiful wife being +welcome guests in many a rectory and vicarage. He was also +a man of good social position and private means, and occupied a +good house with large garden on the north side of West Street +(then called Far Street), belonging to the late Mrs. Conington, +within some 120 yards of the railway station, now occupied by Mr. +Sills, and named “The Chestnuts.” Mr. Goldie +being curate at the time when Holy Trinity Church was built +presented the carved oak chairs within the communion rails. +After leaving Horncastle he was appointed to the vicarage of St. +Ives, in the diocese of Ely. The Goldies were an old Manx +family; Col. Goldie, his brother, of the Scotts Guards Regiment, +being President of the House of Keys, the local parliament. +Their residence in that island is “The Nunnery,” near +the town of Douglas, so called from the ruin close at hand of an +ancient priory, said to have been founded by St. Bridget in the +sixth century. Mr. Goldies’ nephew is the present Sir +George Dashwood Tanbman Goldie, Privy Councillor, K.C.M.G., +F.R.G.S., &c, formerly of the Royal Engineers, but latterly +holding various Government appointments, director of several +expeditions in West Africa, having travelled in Egypt, the +Soudan, Algiers, Morocco, &c., and attended the Berlin +Conference in 1884, as an expert on questions connected with the +Niger country, where he founded the Royal Chartered Company of +Nigeria. His latest honour (1905) is the Presidency of the +Royal Geographical Society, in succession to Sir Clements P. +Markham, K.C.B., &c.</p> +<p>The Rev. Thomas Castle Southey (a relative of the poet) was +Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford, where he took Classical +and Mathematical Honours in 1847. He was ordained in the +same year, and held the curacy of Horncastle from that year till +1849. He was an able and scholarly preacher and persevering +worker in the parish. On leaving Horncastle he became +Incumbent of the Episcopal Church at Montrose, N.B., which he +held for six years, when he became Assistant Curate of St. +Paul’s Church, Brighton, under the Rev. Arthur Wagner; then +Curate of the church of St. Thomas the Martyr at Oxford; then +Vicar of Wendron, Cornwall, and afterwards of Newbold Pacey, near +Leamington, in 1868. After leaving Horncastle he was +invited by the Governors, as an able scholar, to examine the +Horncastle Grammar School, then a considerably larger school than +it has been in later years, with a large number of day boys, and +also boarders from London, many distant parts of the country, and +even from Jersey and the continent.</p> +<p><!-- page 63--><a name="page63"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +63</span>As this is the last chapter in which we shall deal with +church matters, we may here say that a Clerical Club, with +valuable library and news room, was established in the town in +the year 1823. At that time there was a numerous community +of country clergymen living in the town; a dozen, or more, +villages in the neighbourhood having no official residence in +their parishes; thus a Clerical Club became a convenient +institution for social intercourse, and valuable papers were +often read at their meetings. This ceased to exist at the +close of the 19th century, when the books were transferred to the +Diocesan Library at Lincoln. In order to enable these +country incumbents to maintain a town residence, they, in several +cases, held a plurality of benefices, which would hardly be +allowed in the present day. Even the Vicar of Horncastle, +Dr. Madely, also held the Vicarage of Stickford, distant more +than a dozen miles; another clergyman was Rector of Martin, Vicar +of Baumber, and Rector of Sotby, several miles apart; while a +third held the Perpetual Curacy of Wood Enderby, 4 or 5 miles to +the south-east of the town, with the Curacy of Wilksby adjoining, +and the Chapelry of Kirkstead, 5 or 6 miles to the west. +Further, to eke out the family income, his daughter found +employment of a somewhat novel kind in the service of the late +Queen Victoria. Being in figure the exact size of the +Queen, her Majesty’s dresses were all tried on this lady by +the royal dressmaker; and, as a portion of her remuneration, the +cast-off clothing of the Queen became her perquisite. On +the occasion of the wedding of one of her friends at Horncastle, +the bride and her bridesmaids were all attired in Queen’s +dresses.</p> +<p>In connection with the church is the “Young +Churchmen’s Union,” of which the Vicar is +President. They have fortnightly meetings, in the +Boys’ National School, at 8.15 p.m. There is also a +Church Lads’ Brigade, No. 1951, attached to the 1st +Battalion, Lincoln Regiment, B 51. This was enrolled Oct. +1st, 1901. The members are youths between the ages of 13 +and 19; the present Lieutenant being H. W. Sharpe; Chaplain, the +Vicar; Assistant Chaplain and Correspondent, the Senior +Curate. Entrance fee 1/6, subscription 1d. per week.</p> +<p>The Church National Schools are good substantial buildings, +erected at various periods, the Girls’ School in 1812, the +Infants’ in 1860, and the Boys’ (at a cost of +£1,000) in 1872; the total accommodation is for 300 +children, the average attendance being about 250. The +schools were taken over by the Lindsey County Council, on April +1st, 1903.</p> +<h2><!-- page 64--><a name="page64"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +64</span>CHAPTER V.<br /> +NONCONFORMIST PLACES OF WORSHIP.</h2> +<p>There are in Horncastle five Nonconformist religious +communities, the Wesleyan, Congregational, Primitive Methodist, +Baptist, and New Church or Swedenborgian, each now having +substantially built chapels, resident ministers, with Sunday, +and, in one case, Day Schools. Through the courtesy of the Rev. +John Percy, late Head Minister of the Wesleyan Society, we are +enabled to give a fairly full account of its origin and growth, +down to the present 20th century. As this is the most +important religious body in the town, next to the Church of +England, although it is not the oldest, we take the Wesleyans +first. As will be seen in the following account, this +Society arose from a very small beginning, but at the present +time, with perhaps the exception of the Baptists, it is the most +numerous and influential body among Nonconformists. +Although, locally, rather fewer in numbers in recent years, than +formerly, it is generally growing, and in the year 1904, as +published statistics show, it acquired in the United Kingdom an +addition of 10,705 full members, with 11,874 members on trial, +and junior members 4,367; a total increase of 26,946.</p> +<h3>THE WESLEYANS.</h3> +<p>The founder of this Society was, as its name implies, John +Wesley, probably of the same stock as the great Duke of +Wellington, whose family name was variously written Wellesley, or +Wesley. <a name="citation64"></a><a href="#footnote64" +class="citation">[64]</a> We take the immediately following +particulars mainly from the <i>History of England</i>, by Henry +Walter, B.D. and F.R.S., Fellow of St. John’s College, +Cambridge, Professor in the <!-- page 65--><a +name="page65"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 65</span>East India +College, Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland, +&c., &c., himself a Lincolnshire man.</p> +<p>John and Charles Wesley were the second and third sons of +Samuel Wesley, Rector of Epworth, near Gainsborough; <a +name="citation65"></a><a href="#footnote65" +class="citation">[65]</a> John being born in 1703 (June 17), and +Charles in 1708 (Dec. 18). John was educated at the +Charterhouse, and Charles at Westminster School. In due +course they both entered at Oxford University; John eventually +being elected to a Fellowship at Lincoln College, and Charles to +a Studentship at Christchurch. In 1725 John was ordained +deacon of the Church of England. He left Oxford for a time +to act as his father’s curate, Charles remained as Tutor to +his college. He, with some of his undergraduate pupils, +formed a custom of meeting on certain evenings every week for +scripture study and devotion, they carefully observed the +Church’s fasts and festivals, and partook of the Holy +Communion every Sunday. From the strict regularity of their +lives the name was given to them, by those who were laxer in +conduct, of “Methodists.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p65b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Wesleyan Chapel" +title= +"Wesleyan Chapel" +src="images/p65s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>In 1729 the Rector of Lincoln College summoned John Wesley to +resume residence at Oxford, and he became Tutor of the +College. In this capacity he was careful to look after the +souls, as well as the intellectual training, of those under his +influence. The brothers began missionary work in Oxford, +about the year 1730, in which they were assisted by a few other +kindred spirits. They visited the sick and needy, with the +permission of the parish clergy, as <!-- page 66--><a +name="page66"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 66</span>well as +offenders confined in the gaol. This continued for some +time, but gradually John began to long for a wider field for his +spiritual energies. He had gathered about him a small band +of equally earnest associates, and they went out to Georgia, +North America, in 1735, to work among the English settlers and +North American Indians. After two years John returned to +England, in 1737, and then began the work of his life.</p> +<p>It is said that he was a good deal influenced by the <i>De +Imitatione Christi</i> of Thomas a Kempis (of which he published +an abridged edition in 1777), <a name="citation66a"></a><a +href="#footnote66a" class="citation">[66a]</a> also by Jeremy +Taylor’s <i>Holy Living and Dying</i>; and he imputed his +own conversion to his study of Law’s <i>Serious +Call</i>. His “first impression of genuine +Christianity,” as he called it, was from the Moravian sect, +with whom he came in contact at Hirnuth in Saxony, which he +visited in 1738, after his return from America; but his complete +“conversion,” he was wont to say, occurred at a +meeting of friends, in Aldersgate Street, London, where one of +them was reading Luther’s <i>Preface to St. Paul’s +Epistle to the Romans</i>, the exact time being 8.45 p.m., May +24, 1738.</p> +<p>Though taking an independent course, and appointing only lay +workers as his agents, he regarded himself to the end of his days +as an ordained minister of the Church of England, and his society +as still being a part of it, and he urged all faithful Wesleyans +to attend church service once on Sunday, and to receive the Holy +Communion at church, it being only after his death that the +society’s secession became complete. <a +name="citation66b"></a><a href="#footnote66b" +class="citation">[66b]</a></p> +<p>The first Wesleyan congregation of about 50 members, some of +them Moravians, was formed in London, where they met in Fetter +Lane, once a week; the first meeting being on May 1st, 1738, and +from that day the society of “Methodists” may be +regarded as having begun. <a name="citation66c"></a><a +href="#footnote66c" class="citation">[66c]</a> The birth of +the sect in Lincolnshire may be said to date from his visit to +Epworth, in 1742.</p> +<p>In 1743 he divided the whole county into two sections, or +circuits, the eastern and western. Of the eastern Grimsby +was the head; this included Horncastle, and gradually comprised +some 15 other subsidiary centres, extending from Grimsby and +Caistor in the north, to Holbeach in the south.</p> +<p>His earliest recorded visit to Horncastle was in 1759, when he +addressed a large concourse of people in a yard, supposed to be +that of the Queen’s Head Inn, near the Market Place, on +April 4th and 5th. On July 18th, 1761, he again preached +here, and on July 18th, 1774, he addressed, as his journal +states, “a wild unbroken herd.” On July 6th, +1779, he says “I took my usual stand in the Market Place, +Horncastle, the wild men were more quiet than usual, Mr. +Brackenbury, J.P., of Raithby Hall, standing near +me.” This Mr. Robert Carr Brackenbury remained his +firm friend through life; and we may here add that he granted to +Wesley the use of his hay loft at Raithby for religious services, +further securing the use of it in perpetuity, by his will, to the +Wesleyan body, so that the curious anomaly has occurred that, +when the hall was bought in 1848, by the Rev. Edward Rawnsley, +the house became the <!-- page 67--><a name="page67"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 67</span>residence of an Anglican clergyman, +yet bound to allow the loft over his stable to be used for +nonconformist worship. In recent years the stable has been +unused as such and the loft made more comfortable, being +furnished with seats, pulpit, &c</p> +<p>Wesley, throughout his life, generally visited Horncastle +every two years, his death occurring on March 2nd, 1791. +There is in Westminster Abbey a mural memorial of John and +Charles Wesley, having within a medallion, the bust-sized +effigies of the two brothers, beneath which is inscribed the +saying of Wesley, “The best of all is God with +us.” Below this, within a panel, is a representation +of John Wesley, preaching from his father’s tomb in Epworth +churchyard. Beneath are two more quotations from his own +words, “I look upon all the world as my parish,” and +“God buries His workmen, but carries on His +work.” At the head of the slab is the inscription +“John Wesley, M.A., born June 17th, 1703, died March 2nd, +1791. Charles Wesley, M.A., born December 18th, 1708, died +March 29th, 1788.”</p> +<p>The growth of the society was not rapid, and for some years +was subject to fluctuations. In 1769 Grimsby had 56 members +and Horncastle 42, including such well-known local names as +Rayson and Goe. In 1774 Grimsby had fallen to 32 members +and Horncastle to about the same. In 1780 Horncastle had +only 31 members, but the numbers had increased in the +neighbourhood; Kirkby-on-Bain having nearly as many as +Horncastle, viz. 29, Wood Enderby 10, Hemingby 7, and Thimbleby +18; there being evidently a greater readiness to accept the new +teaching among the simpler rural population.</p> +<p>In 1786 Horncastle was made the head of a circuit to itself, +and in that year the first chapel in the town was built, the +whole circuit then numbering 620 members. This chapel was +near the site of the present Baptist place of worship. A +few years later the opposing barrier among the upper class seems +in some degree to have given way, as, in 1792, we find the name +of Joseph Bass, a “physician,” as +“leader.” In 1800 there was further growth in +the country, Greetham having 21 and Fulletby 26; among the latter +occurring the still well-known names of Winn (Richard and +Elizabeth), 5 Riggalls, and 5 Braders. By this time there +were 6 circuits formed in Lincolnshire, and congregations at +Newark and Doncaster.</p> +<p>Although there was a chapel at Horncastle there was no +minister’s residence until after 1786. At that date +John Barritt rode over from Lincoln to preach, and finding no +Wesleyan minister’s house, he was taken in and hospitably +entertained by a Mr. Penistoun, who was “a great +Culamite.” After staying the night with him he rode +on next day to Alford, for Sabbath duty. On the death of +John Wesley (1791) his mantle fell, and indeed, had already +fallen, in several cases, on shoulders worthy of the commission +which he conferred upon them. The first resident ministers +were the Rev. Thomas Longley, Superintendent; the above John +Barritt was the second, and Richard Thoresby the third.</p> +<p>Hitherto it had not been a service free from difficulty, or +even danger. Itinerary ministers had to make their journeys +on duty, often long and wearying, on horseback, over bad country +roads, even occasionally incurring hardship and peril. In +1743 Mr. John Nelson was sent by Wesley to Grimsby, and his +journals describe severe labour and even persecution. +Another pioneer, Thomas Mitchell, was thrown by a mob into a pool +of water, and, when drenched, was painted white from head to +foot. He was afterwards thrown into a pond more than 12 +feet deep, rescued and carried to bed by friends, he <!-- page +68--><a name="page68"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 68</span>was +thrice dragged out of his bed because he would not promise not to +visit the place (Wrangle) again. Wesley himself, in his +journal (May 10, 1757) says “I preached to a mixed +congregation, some serious, others drunk;” but on the other +hand, in 1764, he preached, when the chapel “though having +its galleries, was too small.”</p> +<p>We have named John Barritt among the early Horncastle +ministers. He was preaching on one occasion at Boston, when +a band of roughs forced their way into the chapel and interrupted +the service, driving some of the congregation away. He had, +however, a more serious experience, from exposure to the +roughness of the elements. He was riding to Boston, +apparently by a somewhat circuitous route, and a violent storm +arose at sea. When he was not far from the coast the sea +bank gave way, the country was inundated, vessels were even +carried some distance inland, Boston itself was deluged, and he +might have been drowned, but that he managed to reach some high +ground, and arrived safely at Sibsey.</p> +<p>About this date, we are told, the progress of Wesleyanism +excited the jealousy of the clergy, not so tolerant as they are +now, and a meeting was held at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle, at +which it was argued that the “spread of Methodism was one +of the causes of the awful irreligion” prevalent, that the +ministers were “raving enthusiasts, pretending to divine +impulse, and thus obtained sway over the ignorant.”</p> +<p>John Barritt was re-appointed to Horncastle in 1801, as +Superintendent, his colleagues being Thomas Rought, John Watson, +and Squire Brackenbury as supernumerary, the latter was also, +about this time, appointed head of the society in Spilsby. <a +name="citation68a"></a><a href="#footnote68a" +class="citation">[68a]</a> J. Barritt was grandfather of +Robert Newton Barritt, who was very popular in Horncastle, +1882–1884. Wesley’s characteristic advice to +him had been “When thou speakest of opinions, or modes of +worship, speak with coolness, but when thou speakest of +Repentance, Faith and Holiness, then, if thou hast any zeal, show +it!” and to these principles he was ever true.</p> +<p>Other ministers of note at different periods were George +Shadford, a name still surviving in the town; Charles Atmore, who +wrote sundry Wesleyan hymns; Thomas Jackson, a great scholar, +twice elected President of the National Conference; Digory Joll, +grandfather of the present Mr. Watson Joll (to whom the writer +owes much of the information here utilized); and to these we may +add Benjamin Gregory, 1817; Robert Ramm and Robert Bryant, 1830; +<a name="citation68b"></a><a href="#footnote68b" +class="citation">[68b]</a> Bryant was called a “son of +thunder,” from his great energy.</p> +<p>In 1835 Leonard Posnet was a popular minister, not only in the +town but in the country around, being much appreciated by the +farmers from his intimate acquaintance with their +avocation. He was followed (1838–1840) by Joseph +Kipling, grandfather of the now well-known Rudyard Kipling. +Joseph Clapham was a faithful minister from 1843 to 1845, and was +succeeded by (1845–1848) “Father” Crookes, +“Preacher” Wood, and the “saintly” +Fowler, who was said to have made 900 converts.</p> +<p>Then followed Wright Shovelton, Martin Jubb, Peter +Featherstone, Henry <!-- page 69--><a name="page69"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 69</span>Richardson, and others, among whom it +would be invidious to make distinctions. We may add that a +famous missionary of this sect was Thomas Williams, son of John +Williams, a cabinet maker of Horncastle, the latter being an +active member of the Wesleyan Sunday School Committee. His +first wife, mother of the missionary, was Miss Hollingshead, who, +with her mother, kept a girls’ school, near the Bow +Bridge. A <i>History of the Fiji Mission</i>, issued in +1858, says “The good ship Triton sailed from England, Sep. +14, 1839, carrying out the Rev. T. Williams, and his wife, to +Lakamba, Fiji.” They arrived there July 6, +1840. He there built a mission house and chapel, where he +laboured several years, the mission growing in extent, until it +was beyond his strength. In June, 1852, Mr. Moore was +appointed as a colleague to relieve him of some of the work, but +again his health broke down, and he was obliged to leave, after +13 years’ hard labour, in July, 1853. He went to +Australia and took various charges in that country, being chosen +President of the Mission at Ballarat in 1873. He re-visited +England in 1861, and again in 1881, returning to Ballarat, as a +supernumerary, but still officiating. The present writer +well remembers the impression made by a lecture, given by Rev. T. +Williams, at the Bull Hotel, Horncastle.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p69b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Wesleyan Day Schools" +title= +"Wesleyan Day Schools" +src="images/p69s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 70--><a name="page70"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +70</span>Among the latest ministers of note has been the Rev. +John Percy, who gave up his charge as Superintendent in 1904, and +was succeeded by the Rev. E. Hayward, who left Horncastle on +Thursday, Aug. 29, 1907, for work at Bridlington; he was +succeeded by Rev. John Turner, of Colchester, who was 6 years ago +in Louth Circuit, <a name="citation70a"></a><a +href="#footnote70a" class="citation">[70a]</a> the Rev. G. German +Brown continuing as assistant. He was succeeded by the Rev. +M. Philipson, B.A., coming, with his wife, since deceased (March +14, 1906), from Stanley, near Durham, where they were the +recipients of valuable presents on their departure.</p> +<p>In recent years no member of the society has been more valued +than the late octogenarian, Mr. John Rivett, J.P., who died Sept +4, 1906. For nearly 70 years he was a generous supporter of +the cause; he represented the district at no less than 13 +Conferences, in various parts of the country, and at the Leeds +Conference, in 1882, he spoke for an hour and a quarter in +advocacy of its principles. Mr. Henry Lunn, of Horncastle +and West Ashby, is also well known, as, for many years, an able +local lay preacher and practical man of business; he was a +representative at Conferences in London and at Burslem.</p> +<p>Of the buildings in Horncastle, connected with this society, +we have gathered the following details. As already stated +the first chapel was erected in Cagthorpe about the year +1786. It stood a few yards to the north of the present +Baptist place of worship, which is close to the north-west corner +of the Wong. The early history of this first erection is +little known, but a letter written by Rev. T. Williams of +Ballarat, dated May 10, 1889, to the late Mr. W. Pacy, states +that, after some years, it was replaced by a larger building, of +which the dimensions are elsewhere given, as being length 54-ft., +by width 36-ft., with 4 large windows, having pointed heads, on +the north side, and single windows on the south and west; a small +porch at the south-east corner, facing the Baptist Chapel, giving +entrance to the body and galleries; a door at the south-west end +for the use of the minister, opening near the pulpit, which was +at the west end; the eastern gable being the roadway +boundary. Of these “pointed” windows the Rev. +T. Williams says, “the lancet windows, with quarry panes, +were a whim of Mr. Griggs Lunn and of my father. Of this +building some remains are still visible, to the height of about 3 +feet, in the south wall of Mr. Scholey’s garden, about 50 +yards to the north of the Baptist Chapel. Towards its +erection a number of masons, joiners, and others, who could not +afford subscriptions, gave their labours gratuitously. Two +houses for ministers were also built close by.</p> +<p>In 1836 a third chapel was begun, on a new site in Union +Street (now Queen Street), and was opened on Good Friday in the +following year, the interior fittings being transferred from the +second building in Cagthorpe.</p> +<p>In 1866 a movement was commenced, with a view to the erection +of a still larger chapel, and the present fine building was the +result; opened in 1869, with accommodation for over 1,000 persons +(1024), at a cost of £5,876. <a name="citation70b"></a><a +href="#footnote70b" class="citation">[70b]</a> The Sunday +School adjoining, with large class rooms and infant school being +built in 1875, at a further outlay of £2,578. The +fittings of the chapel are of stained polished deal, the gallery +front and pulpit are white, picked out with gold, the latter +standing upon 4 round-headed arches of light and graceful +design. A new organ was erected soon after the opening of +this chapel, at a cost of £300, and in 1883 the instrument +was enlarged and improved.</p> +<p><!-- page 71--><a name="page71"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +71</span>In 1886 the Centenary of Wesleyanism was celebrated and +the occasion was marked by a strenuous effort to clear off the +debt from the Horncastle Circuit. This effort was +supplemented by “Ye olde Englyshe Fayre, houlden in ye +Exchange Hall, Nov. 20, 21 and 22, MDCCCLXXXVIII;” and at a +tea gathering on March 12, 1889, it was stated that the original +debt had, in the previous two years, been reduced to £60, +and since then the whole had been cleared off, the exact sum +raised being £1,526 2s. 4d.; while, as an evidence of the +general prosperity of the Society, the Chairman stated that in +the last 24 years debts had, throughout the country, been paid to +the total amount of no less than £1,226,245. <a +name="citation71a"></a><a href="#footnote71a" +class="citation">[71a]</a></p> +<p>In 1860 a former foundry show room, in Foundry Street, built +by the late Mr. Tupholme, was acquired through the generosity of +Mr. J. Rivett, to be used as a mixed day school; it had one large +general room, four classrooms, and two large yards, and afforded +accommodation for more than 400 scholars. The premises cost +£450, but before the school was opened some £1,300 +had been spent in adapting them to educational purposes. +This has now been superceded by an even more commodious building +in Cagthorpe, on the south branch of the canal, at the corner +near the Bow Bridge, opposite St. Mary’s Square, at a cost +of £2,500. It has a very large room for a mixed +school, another for an infant school, with classrooms and +everything required, in accordance with the latest conditions by +Act of Parliament. The foundation stone was laid June 22, +1904, and the school was formally opened Jan. 4, 1905.</p> +<p>A Young Men’s Institute was established in the beginning +of 1889, by the Rev. G. White, then Superintendent Minister, for +which the classroom of the Sunday School was to be available for +their use, every evening except Sunday, supplied with daily +papers, magazines, &c.; classes also being held for the +consideration of important subjects and for mutual improvement; +these are still continued. There is also a Wesley Guild, +which meets every Friday evening, in the band room, Queen Street, +at 8 o’clock, during the winter months, and on the first +Friday evening in the month during the summer. Marriages +are celebrated in this chapel. <a name="citation71b"></a><a +href="#footnote71b" class="citation">[71b]</a></p> +<h3>THE PRIMITIVE METHODISTS.</h3> +<p>We have given an account of the rise and progress of +Wesleyanism, but, as that society eventually made a complete +separation from the Church of England, of which its founder +remained through life an ordained minister and communicant, so +the seeds of disruption spread in itself. At different +periods it threw out off-shoots, amounting in all to some eight +different daughter societies; such as those which are named +“The Original Connection,” “The New +Connection,” “The Primitive Methodists,” +&c. Of these the last alone is represented in +Horncastle. More than 50 years ago <a +name="citation71c"></a><a href="#footnote71c" +class="citation">[71c]</a> the Primitives had, in this country, +2,871 places of worship, with 369,216 sittings; with the +exception of the “Original Connection,” none of the +other off-shoots had then as many as 100,000 sittings.</p> +<p><!-- page 72--><a name="page72"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +72</span>In Horncastle the first chapel, opened in 1821, was a +small building, situated on the left side of what is now +Watermill Yard, to the north of the town. This proving too +small for the growing congregation, a larger structure, an oblong +building, with front gable at the east end and a gallery, was +erected in 1837; the minister’s house being at the west +end. This was about half way up Watermill Road, on the +north side, now a stable, but still retaining a pointed +window. This building was of the date of the +superintendency of the Rev. John Butcher. The residence was +found to be too damp to be comfortable, and a house was taken for +him in Prospect Street. In the early days of this chapel +Mary Crossley, a Revivalist, occasionally preached here. +Possibly the services at this time were rather too demonstrative, +as they were not unfrequently interrupted by roughs, and the sect +acquired the name of “The Ranters.” <a +name="citation72"></a><a href="#footnote72" +class="citation">[72]</a> An amusing anecdote is related of +Mr. Butcher; he was a somewhat eccentric character, and in the +discharge of his intinerant ministrations he usually rode on a +donkey, sometimes accompanied by her foal; and a waggish +passer-by on the road is said, on one occasion, to have saluted +them with the greeting “Good morning, ye three,” +adding <i>sotto voce</i>, “donkeys.”</p> +<p>After a few years this second chapel was found lacking in +accommodation and a third building, the present edifice, was +erected in Prospect Street, in the year 1853, with sittings for +380, at a cost of about £1,100. As this is a +substantial structure, likely to last for many years, we may here +describe it. It is of red brick, except the arch of the +western door, which has a band of white bricks; the bricks are +larger than usual, being 3¼ inches in thickness. The +entrance has a double door opening into a lobby, at each end of +which is a staircase, leading to the north and south +galleries. There is a window on each side of the door, +three windows above, and over them, in the gable, a stone, with +the inscription “Primitive Methodist Chapel, +1853.” At the east end of the interior is a Rostrum, +12-ft. long, divided into two stages, the front one being 8 +inches above the floor, the second, behind it, about +4½-ft. high, with access by steps at both ends. The +front of this platform has slender piers, supported by lancet +arches, with trefoils and quatrefoils between, giving a graceful +effect, and painted white, gold, and grey, with a background +chocolate in colour. At the back of the rostrum are eight +arches in the pannelling. This is said to have been a copy +of the arrangement in Bardney Chapel. Over the rostrum is a +recess in the east wall, containing the harmonium, which cost 40 +gs., and seats for the choir. The sittings in the body of +the chapel are of stained and varnished deal. At the rear +of the chapel, entered by doors at each side of the rostrum, is a +large room for the Sunday School, with two smaller class rooms +above it. The erection of this building was due to the +exertions of the Rev. J. Haigh, who was appointed minister in +1850, and as an exception to the usual custom, he was requested +to continue his ministry for four years. We may add that, +at the opening service of this third chapel the ministers present +were Rev. J. Haigh, as Superintendent; Rev. T. Fletcher; Rev. R. +Pinder, then at Coningsby; Rev. J. Garbutt, Supernumerary, from +West Ashby. The Rev. T. Fletcher was appointed as Second +Minister in Horncastle, at that time, for two years; he became in +1872 Superintendent Minister for three years, and again 1884 for +four years, leaving for Market Rasen in 1888. During the +ministry of Rev. J. Haigh in Horncastle, several chapels were +built in the neighbourhood.</p> +<p><!-- page 73--><a name="page73"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +73</span>Horncastle was at first included in the Lincoln Circuit, +but in 1837, at the building of the second chapel it was +constituted a separate circuit, and when the third chapel was +erected, in 1853, Coningsby was made a branch of Horncastle.</p> +<p>The first preacher who visited Horncastle was a female, Jane +Brown by name, who is said to have walked from Lincoln to +Horncastle on a Sunday morning, giving an address in the Market +Place in the afternoon, and in the evening holding a service in a +house, now forming part of the back premises of the Red Lion +Hotel. The first local preachers were also females, Mary +Allen and Mary Clarke. The first two female members were +Mary Elwin and Martha Belton.</p> +<p>Mr. Butcher having been the first resident minister, was +succeeded by the Rev. C. Smith, who worked here and in various +other places during 50 years, and then retired to York as +supernumerary. The Rev. William Rose, who had been Second +Minister in 1850, was appointed Superintendent in 1875, and +remained two years. A few years later the Rev. J. Pickwell +(1888–90) was Superintendent, with Rev. W. Whitaker as +Second Minister; the former first joined the society as a scholar +in 1849, being numbered among the local members, he afterwards +removed to Lincoln, and acted as Itinerant Minister for 33 years +before returning to Horncastle in 1888. Mr. Pickwell was +succeeded by Rev. William Kitson as Superintendent, with Rev. R. +H. Auty as Second Minister. Mr. Kitson retained his post +during four years, when he left for Market Rasen. Mr. Auty +was followed, as Second Minister, by Rev. John Bowness, and he, +in turn, by Rev. Thomas Stones.</p> +<p>In 1894 the Rev. John Featherstone succeeded to the ministry, +with Rev. W. J. Leadbetter as Second Minister, both these stayed +to their second year, Mr. Featherstone dying in 1896. In +that year the Rev. John Worsnop was appointed, with Rev. A. W. +Bagnall as Second Minister; the former retained his post during +five years; Mr. Bagnall two years, being succeeded in 1898 by +Rev. Walter Tunley, and he, in 1899, by the Rev. George H. +Howgate, who stayed two years. In 1900 Rev. J. Worsnop +retired to Newcastle-on-Tyne, and died there in Dec., 1904.</p> +<p>In 1901 the Rev. Matthew H. Chapman became Superintendent +Minister, with Rev. J. A. Kershaw as Second, both remaining +during two years. In 1903 the Rev. Robert B. Hauley +succeeded, with Rev. J. Cousin as assistant, both remaining two +years. In 1905 (July) the former left for Kirkby Stephen, +Westmoreland, the latter for a circuit in Shropshire. They +were followed by the Rev. E. Allport, from Skegness, as +Superintendent, Sept. 1905; and Rev. E. J. Hancox from +Doncaster. In June of that year the annual Conference was +held at Scarborough.</p> +<p>We will now put together a few details of the origin of this +society. Hugh Bourne was born at Stoke-upon-Trent, April 3, +1772. <a name="citation73"></a><a href="#footnote73" +class="citation">[73]</a> Although his family was said to +be ancient, his ancestors having come to England at the Norman +Conquest, he belonged to a humble rank in life, living at Ford +Hays Farm. He was in early life educated by his mother, a +godly woman, and while very young he learnt by heart the Te Deum, +the Litany, and much of the prayers of the Church of +England. He worked for his father, and an uncle who was a +millwright, but found time to study hydrostatics, pneumatics, +natural philosophy, <!-- page 74--><a name="page74"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 74</span>as well as Hebrew, Greek and +Latin. His mother’s influence had given him a serious +bent of mind, and he early acquired strong religious +convictions. His biographer says of him “He tells, in +child-like simplicity, how, when only four or five years old, he +pondered over thoughts of heaven and hell, the last judgment, and +other solemn subjects. During the next 20 years his inner +life was one of hopes and fears, doubt and faith, conflict and +victory.”</p> +<p>His mother, going to Burslem on business, borrowed of a +Wesleyan friend, some religious books, among them being +Baxter’s <i>Call to the Unconverted</i>, Allen’s +<i>Alarm</i>, and a sermon by Wesley on <i>The Trinity</i>. +Her son Hugh naturally read these, and Wesley’s sermon made +a great impression upon him. One Sunday morning he was +sitting in his room, reading Fletcher’s Letters on <i>The +Spiritual Manifestation of the Son of God</i>, when he declares +that he was led “to believe with his heart unto +righteousness, and with his mouth to make confession unto +salvation.” This was in his 27th year, A.D. +1799. He joined the Wesleyan society in June of that year, +the special occasion being a love feast at Burslem, to which he +was taken by an aged neighbour, a farmer near Bemersley, named +Birchenough, at whose house services were conducted, who offered +him a ticket which constituted him a member, and thus in his own +words I was “made a member without knowing it.”</p> +<p>As we shall presently see Hugh Bourne became one of the two +originators of the Primitive community, the other was his friend +and neighbour William Clowes, a sketch of his career was +published some years ago, <a name="citation74"></a><a +href="#footnote74" class="citation">[74]</a> from which we cull +the leading particulars. He was born at Burslem 12th March, +1780, his mother, a daughter of Aaron Wedgewood, being a near +relation of Josiah of that name, the inventor of the famous +Wedgwood pottery. At ten years of age (1790) he began work +in his uncle’s pottery, which he continued for several +years. At that time dancing, gambling and pugilism were the +chief amusement of the factory men and colliers of Staffordshire, +and for some years he led a wild life of dissipation, yet this +was accompanied, at times, with a sense of self-condemnation and +spiritual consciousness. “When I was ten years +old,” he says, “I remember being at a prayer meeting +conducted by Nancy Wood, of Burslem, in her father’s house, +when, convinced of the sin of disobedience to my parents, I wept +bitterly.” Conflicts between good and evil continued +to disturb him for several years. When a young man, at a +dance in Burslem, he was so suddenly convicted of sin, that he +abruptly withdrew. Shortly afterwards he married, but he +and his wife quarralled so violently that he left her, and went +off, taking with him only his mother’s prayer book. +After some wandering, without a penny in his pocket, he returned +and begged his wife to attend the Wesleyan Chapel regularly with +him, but she refused. He then, prayer book in hand, took an +oath that he would serve God and avoid dissipation. This +oath, however, was broken; but once more in the early hour of a +cold January morning he went forth, and seeing a faint light +burning in a window, he entered the house, to find a few humble +methodists gathered for an early prayer meeting. There, he +says, he knelt unnoticed, but there he “died to sin, and +was born of God. This, I said, is what they call being +converted. I was fully persuaded that I was justified by +faith, and had peace with God, through our Lord Jesus +Christ.” From that day, Jan. 20th, 1805, he began a +new life.</p> +<p>The time now approaches when the two, Hugh Bourne and William +<!-- page 75--><a name="page75"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +75</span>Clowes began the great work of their life. At the +beginning of the 19th century Bourne, being much employed at +Harriseahead, near Bemersley, was shocked at the general lack of +the means of grace, and he endeavoured in 1800 and 1801 to +promote a revivalist movement. Daniel Shubotham, a boxer, +poacher, and ringleader in wickedness, was brought, through +Bourne’s influence, to the Saviour, on Christmas day 1800, +and with his natural energy of character took up the cause. +Matthias Bailey, another of Bourne’s old associates was +also won over, and cottage prayer meetings were begun among the +colliers. A meeting upon Mow Cop was proposed for a day +given to prayer. At this time Lorenzo Dow, an American +Wesleyan visited the Black Country, as the coal district of +Staffordshire was called. He spoke of the American camp +meetings, himself preaching at Congleton, when Hugh Bourne, with +his brother James, was present; William Clowes being also a +hearer. They bought books of Lorenzo Dow, which had a +marked effect on the future. On May 31st, 1807, a camp +meeting was held on Mow Cop, a hill in the neighbourhood, Bourne +and Clowes being present. Stands were erected and addresses +given from four points. Bourne organized two companies, who +continued by turns praying all the day; others giving accounts of +their spiritual experiences, among whom Clowes was prominent, and +his words are “The glory that filled my soul on that day +exceeds my powers of description.” Persons were +present on this occasion from Kilham in Yorkshire and other +distant places, one, Dr. Paul Johnson, a friend of Lorenzo Dow, +coming from Ireland.</p> +<p>The movement had now taken definite form and substance. +Another camp meeting followed at the same place on July 19, +lasting three days; a third on August 16th, at Brown Edge; a +fourth on August 23rd, at Norton-in-the-Moors. At this time +was held the Annual Wesleyan Conference, at which handbills were +issued denouncing this separate movement. For a brief +moment Bourne, Clowes and Shubotham hesitated; but the question +was seriously considered at a meeting at the house of a friend, +Joseph Pointon, when it was “revealed” to Bourne that +the camp meetings “should not die, but live;” and +from that moment he “believed himself to be called of +God” for the new work; and shortly his brother James, James +Nixon, Thomas Cotton, and others, gave themselves to the +cause.</p> +<p>For some years the labours of these men and their associates +were chiefly devoted to the pottery and colliery districts of +Staffordshire, where a remarkable change was brought about in the +moral condition of the hitherto almost brutalized people. +The area of work was then gradually enlarged, extending +throughout the whole country, and even, as we shall presently +see, beyond it. The following are a few personal details of +Hugh Bourne’s subsequent career.</p> +<p>In 1808, on his way to Bemersley from Delamere Forest, an +impression forced itself upon him that he would shortly be +expelled from the Wesleyan connexion; on reaching home he found +that a rumour to this effect was being circulated, and in June of +that year the formal sentence of expulsion was carried out. +He continued to devote himself to the work of evangelization, +urging however all others to join whatever denomination they were +themselves most inclined for.</p> +<p>He preached his first sermon at Tunstall, on Nov. 12, 1810, in +a kitchen which had been licensed for preaching three years +before. It was not plastered or ceiled, so that if not +required at any future time, it might be converted into a +cottage, which took place in 1821, when a chapel was +erected. At the Conference held at Newcastle-on-Tyne, in +1842, he was most regretfully placed <!-- page 76--><a +name="page76"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 76</span>on the +retired list, on account of his impaired health, a yearly pension +of £25 being assigned to him. He was still, however, +to be at liberty to visit different parts of the connection; and +during the next ten years of his superannuation he kept up a very +wide correspondence on religious matters, and made a missionary +visit to America. The last conference which he attended was +at Yarmouth, in 1851. For several years he had felt a +premonition that the year 1852 would be his last. The last +sermon which he preached was at Norton Green, on Feb. 22, 1852; +and on Oct. 11, in that year, he surrendered his happy spirit +into the hands of God, who gave it, when “the weary wheels +of life stood still.” His chief residence would +appear to have been at Bemersley, where it was long felt that +they had lost in him “a man of great faith and mighty +prayer.”</p> +<p>We now pass over a period of several years. Clowes +received a call to Hull. He had crowded the work of a +life-time into some 17 years, and his health was now far from +good. At a meeting in December, 1827, he exhibited such +weakness as showed that he had done his best work. However, +he continued to reside in Hull and visited other places from +there, as his strength allowed. It is certain that he +visited Horncastle, for an old lady, Mrs. Baildham, who died in +May, 1900, having been a member of the connection more than 70 +years, frequently asserted that she had heard both Clowes and his +wife preach in, presumably, the second chapel in Mill Lane.</p> +<p>At the Conference in 1842, 35 years after the first camp +meeting on Mow Cop, both Clowes and Bourne were present; but the +assembly was saddened to see the original founders, of what was +now a thoroughly established and wide-spread community, both +shattered in health and broken by toil. Nine years later +Clowes said to a friend “I feel myself failing fast, I am +fully prepared.” He spoke of the glories of heaven, +and said “I shall possess it all through the merits of +Christ.” His speech began to fail, but he got +downstairs, and once more led his class. On the Saturday he +attended a committee meeting; on Sunday he was too weak to go to +chapel; on Monday there was further weakness; early on Tuesday +slight paralysis; and on March 2, 1851, he quietly passed to his +rest, aged 71. The people of Hull were greatly moved, and +many thousands lined the streets as the funeral procession passed +to the grave, at which the Rev. William Harland briefly recited +the story of the good man’s work.</p> +<p>Of the general progress of the connexion, we may say, that +down, to 1870 it was simply a Home and Colonial body, but, in +that year, the Norwich branch sent out the missioners, Burnett +and Roe, to the island of Fernando Po, on the west coast of +Africa. This was in response to an appeal from the +Fernandians, who had been converted by a member of the connexion, +Ship Carpenter Hands, of the ship Elgiva, who, with his godly +Captain, Robinson, had in the course of trade visited that +country. The same year also saw a mission established at +Aliwal North, in the eastern province of Cape Colony.</p> +<p>In 1884 the Primitive Methodists of Canada formed themselves +into an independent community, although with expressions of +mutual good will on both sides; their numbers at that time were +8223, with 99 travelling and 246 local ministers, and 237 +chapels.</p> +<p>From the middle of the 19th century to its close was a period +of great expansion, a return in 1888 reporting the existence in +Great Britain of 4,406 chapels, there having been in 1843 only +1278. In 1864 Elmfield College was opened at York, as a +middle class school, one of their best; John Petty being <!-- +page 77--><a name="page77"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +77</span>first Warden; in 1876 a college was opened at +Birmingham, named after the great founder, “Bourne +College.” At Sunderland a Theological College was +opened in 1868, the former Infirmary building being bought; and +here, from that date till 1881, Dr. William Antliff, assisted, +and afterwards, succeeded by Mr. T. Greenfield, trained +candidates for the ministry. The college was afterwards +transferred to a new building at Alexandra Park, Manchester.</p> +<p>In 1889, at the 70th Annual Conference, held in Bradford, the +membership of the society numbered 194,347, with 1,038 itinerant +and 16,229 local preachers; 430,641 Sunday School scholars, 4,436 +chapels and 1,465 smaller places of worship; the value of the +connexion’s property being estimated at over +£3,218,320.</p> +<p>For these details I am largely indebted to the notes of the +late Mr. William Pacy, of the Wong, Horncastle, and to the +courtesy of the Rev. R. B. Hanley, Minister 1903–5.</p> +<h3>THE INDEPENDENTS.</h3> +<p>Next in size to the Wesleyan Chapel and its Sunday Schools, on +the west side of Queen Street, are the Chapel and Sunday Schools +of the Independent, or Congregational, community, which stand +nearly opposite, on the east side of the same street; the former +being a handsome substantial building of brick, enclosed by a +high wall, and tall iron rails and gate, to the precincts in +front, at the north end. Its dimensions are 50-ft. by +36-ft., with schools behind, of the same solid structure, as will +be seen hereafter, erected at a later date.</p> +<p>Like the Baptists this society dates from the time of the +Commonwealth, or even earlier, though at first known by a +different name. They arose, indeed, in the reign of Queen +Elizabeth. The persecutions of Protestants, under Queen +Mary, drove many to take refuge in Germany and in Geneva, where +they became familiar with the worship of the sects established +there, which, as an unchecked reaction from the superstitious and +elaborate ceremonies of Roman Catholicism, took a more extreme +form than the carefully developed Reformation of the English +Church allowed. These persons, returning to England in the +reign of Elizabeth, found, as it seemed to them, too much Romish +doctrine and practice still retained; the Reformation, according +to their ideas, had not gone far enough.</p> +<p>The Queen, as head of the English Church, was not disposed to +listen to their demands for further change, and they were +themselves too much divided to have the power to enforce them; +dissension and disruption were the consequence. A chief +mover in this process of disintegration was one, Robert Brown, +who founded a sect called the “Brownists.” He +was the son of a Mr. Anthony Brown, of Tolethorpe near Stamford, +in Rutlandshire, whose father, a man of good position, had +obtained the singular privilege (granted only to others of noble +birth) by a Charter of Henry VIII., of wearing his cap in the +presence of Royalty. Robert Brown was educated at +Cambridge, graduating from Corpus Christi College, and became a +Schoolmaster in Southwark. About 1580 he began to put +forward opinions condemnatory of the established church. He +held, as opposed to the uniformity of worship by law established, +that each minister, with his congregation, were “a law unto +themselves;” that each such small community had a right to +be independent of all others; that it was not ordination which +gave a minister authority to preach, but the fact that he was the +nominee of a congregation; that councils or synods might <!-- +page 78--><a name="page78"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +78</span>be useful in giving advice, but that they could not +enforce their decisions, and had no punitory power of censure, or +excommunication, against any who chose to adopt an independent +course.</p> +<p>Such opinions, put forward in somewhat intemperate language, +aroused much opposition and bitter feeling, which Brown was too +impetuous to avoid, or to mitigate. He continued his +teaching and presently formed a congregation at Norwich, holding +his views.</p> +<p>An Act of Parliament had been recently passed (23 Eliz., c. 2) +which made anyone guilty of felony who should write, or set +forth, seditious matter; and the Queen, as supreme head of the +Church, regarded Brown’s action as an interference with the +Royal prerogative. Severe measures were adopted in order to +restrain this new teaching. Two preachers, Elias Thacker +and John Copping, who embraced and proclaimed these tenet, were +tried at the Bury Assizes in 1583, condemned, and shortly +afterwards hanged. Brown was himself thrown into prison, +but released through the intercession of Lord Burghley, with whom +he was connected.</p> +<p>He now left England, and, with a number of followers settled, +by permission of the state, at Middlebourg, in Zealand, where +they formed a congregation. There, however, freed from all +restraint, their principles of independence carried them so far +that differences arose among themselves, which broke up the +community. Brown presently returned to England, and for a +time conformed to the Church, which he had so freely abused, +being allowed even to hold the Benefice of Thorpe Achurch, in +Northamptonshire. But again and again his independence +asserted itself, and it is said that he incurred imprisonment no +less than 32 times, finally ending his days in Northampton +jail. While at Middlebourg he had published, in 1582, a +book entitled <i>A Treatise of Reformation</i>, of which he sent +many copies to England, and it was for distributing these, and +other of his pamphlets, that the two above-named offenders were +executed. <a name="citation78"></a><a href="#footnote78" +class="citation">[78]</a> (Collier’s +<i>Ecclesiastical History</i>.)</p> +<p>The movement which Brown originated did not die with himself, +and in 1593 a congregation of Brownists was formed in London, +which numbered some 20,000 members. A few years later their +obnoxious tenets again provoked persecution, and once more they +had to take refuge on the continent. Churches were +established by them at Amsterdam and elsewhere, the principal one +being at Leyden, under the Rev. John Robinson, who afterwards +came to be regarded as the founder of Independency. He was +a man of considerable attainments; of more genuine piety than the +impetuous Brown; and while equally with him, holding that each +congregation was in itself a perfect and independent church, +under Christ, he would avoid all bitter invective against other +communities, who, with different regulations, might still be +regarded equally as churches.</p> +<p>Although the Brownists had no regularly ordained ministry; as +newly constituted under Robinson, there were a number of +ministers elected by the congregations, and no one was allowed to +teach publicly until, after due <!-- page 79--><a +name="page79"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 79</span>examination, +he had been pronounced qualified for the work. The +Independents differ chiefly from other religious societies, in +that they reject all creeds of fallible man, their test of +orthodoxy being a declaration that they accept the Gospel of +Jesus Christ, and adhere to the scriptures as the sole standard +of faith and practice.</p> +<p>In 1616 a number of the society again returned to England +under the leadership of Henry Jacobs, who had served under +Robinson, and once more established a meeting house in London; +while others, in charge of a Mr. Brewster, who had been a lay +Elder, also under Robinson, went out, in 1620, to North America, +in the good ship Mayflower, and another vessel, and founded a +colony at Massachusetts.</p> +<p>Although, as has been already stated, under the influence of +Robinson sectarian bitterness was much modified, yet throughout +the reigns of James I. and Charles I., the Independents were in +frequent conflict with the Presbyterians; nor was there only +sectarian strife, for both parties had numerous supporters in +Parliament, as well as partizans in the army. Preaching +Generals and praying Captains abounded; but Cromwell favoured the +Independents, as against Presbyterians, and this gradually paved +the way for toleration.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p79b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Interior Congregational Chapel" +title= +"Interior Congregational Chapel" +src="images/p79s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>At the “Savoy Conference” in London (so called +because held at the palace of that name), in 1658, the +Independents published an epitome of their faith, and henceforth, +with occasional interruptions, they held on their way; although +it was not till 1831 that the “Congregational Union of +England and Wales” was finally and fully constituted. +They again published, in 1833, a more definite “Declaration +of Faith, Order, and Discipline,” which continues still to +be the charter of the community.</p> +<p><!-- page 80--><a name="page80"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +80</span>We have seen that in the early annals of this society +the name of John Robinson stood high in general estimation, but +his was by no means the only honoured name. Among early +members of mark was Dr. John Owen, of Queen’s College, +Oxford, a learned writer, and Chancellor of the University in +1652; he became Chaplain to Protector Cromwell, as an +Independent. The Rev. Isaac Watts, who had been tutor to +the sons of Sir John Hartop, became the popular minister of a +Congregational Chapel, in Mark Lane, London, in 1693. Dr. +Philip Doddridge was also a valued member, as Minister at +Norwich, Northampton, Kibworth near Market Harborough, and other +places. From his candour and learning he held friendly +relations with the highest dignitaries of the established church; +he is chiefly known for his two great works, <i>The Rise and +Progress of Religion in the Soul</i>, and his <i>Family +Expositor</i>. To the regret of many he died of +consumption, at a comparatively early age, in 1751, at Lisbon, +whither he had been ordered by his doctors for the milder +climate. The friend and biographer of the last-named, Mr. +John Orton, was another esteemed member, who published several +valuable works, he died in 1783.</p> +<p>Another was Robert Hall, who ministered at Cambridge, +Leicester and Bristol, where he died in 1831. He was a +great writer and very eloquent preacher. Professedly he was +a Baptist, but he frequently occupied Independent platforms, and +admitted that he had more feeling of fellowship with an +Independent than with a strict Baptist. <a +name="citation80a"></a><a href="#footnote80a" +class="citation">[80a]</a> None of these, however, was more +highly esteemed than Dr. Isaac Taylor, of Norwich and Colchester, +author of several instructive works, and commonly called +“the glory of the Independents.” He died in +1829.</p> +<p>By the year 1851 this community had grown to such dimensions +that it had, in England and Wales, 3,244 chapels, with a +membership of 1,002,307. <a name="citation80b"></a><a +href="#footnote80b" class="citation">[80b]</a></p> +<p>The connection of the Congregationalists with Horncastle is of +comparatively recent date, and the evidence on this subject is +somewhat conflicting. Weir, in his <i>History of +Horncastle</i>, published in 1820, does not name them, in his +list of Nonconformists, as existing here at that time, but +Saunders’ <i>History</i>, published in 1836, gives them +with the others. Hence they would appear to have +established themselves in the town somewhere between those two +dates; yet there exists a curious small publication, entitled +“The Confession of Faith of the Society of his +Majesty’s Protestant subjects (dissenting from the Church +of England) called Independents, in Horncastle, in the County of +Lincoln, and places adjacent, Framed in the year of Christ, 1781, +by W. R. Lincoln, printed by S. Simmons.” <a +name="citation80c"></a><a href="#footnote80c" +class="citation">[80c]</a></p> +<p>The inference from these facts would seem to be, that, at that +date, 1781, there was an Independent congregation in the town, +probably small, consisting of “W.R.” and his personal +adherents; as the wording of the confession is said <a +name="citation80d"></a><a href="#footnote80d" +class="citation">[80d]</a> to be very remarkable, and indeed +unique, “W.R.” was evidently rather of an eccentric +turn of mind, which led him to publish this authoritative +statement of Faith.</p> +<p>The society, probably, in a few years became extinct, and it +is not till the <!-- page 81--><a name="page81"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 81</span>year 1820 that we find any sign of +their revival. <i>The Church Book</i> supplies the +following details: In 1820 certain worshippers in the Wesleyan +Chapel of that day, finding their religions views not in accord +with general Wesleyan sentiment, decided to erect a chapel of +their own; and for this purpose they selected a site in East +Street, at the north west corner of Foundry Street, where now +stands the house, 42, East Street. This building was opened +for public worship on March 22, 1821; the morning preacher being +the Rev. B. Byron of Lincoln, the Rev. John Pain, a Hoxton +student, preaching in the afternoon, and the Rev. Thomas Hayes of +Boston, in the evening.</p> +<p>Mr. Pain officiated for a few weeks and then returned to +Hoxton to complete his education for the ministry. He had, +however, left a pleasing impression behind him, and he was +afterwards invited, in an address signed by 130 of the townsfolk, +to come and settle among them as their first permanent +minister. He commenced his labours, in that capacity, in +July of the same year. Under his ministry the congregation +rapidly increased, and the first chapel was soon found to be too +small; and in September of the same year a new site was purchased +at the north-east corner of Union Street, now Queen Street. +While this chapel was being built (which is still their place of +worship) they were allowed by the Wesleyans to make use of their +chapel, at stated times; some of their services also being, for +the time, held at the British Schools, on the site of which the +1st Volunteer Drill Hall was afterwards erected, now the carriage +repository of Messrs. Danby & Cheseldine.</p> +<p>At the opening of this chapel, on March 28, 1822, the Rev. +George Waterbourne, of Dewsbury, preached in the morning, and the +Rev. Joseph Gilbert, of Hull, in the evening. On Thursday, +May 9th, following, seven persons formally announced themselves +to be a church on Independent principles, viz., William Barton +and his daughter Mary, John Jackson and Elizabeth his wife, +William Parker (Solicitor), Mary Ball and Rebecca Brown. +The Rev. John Pain was duly ordained to the ministry on May 10, +those officiating on the occasion being the Rev. W. Harris, +LL.D., Theological Tutor of the Hoxton Academy, the Rev. B. Byron +of Lincoln, and Rev. J. Gilbert of Hull. In July of that +year three members were added to the church, in 1823 eight more +were enrolled, in 1824 three more, and in 1825 six joined.</p> +<p>During this year a vestry was built at the back of the chapel; +in May of the same year a Sunday School was commenced, which at +the end of the year numbered 60 scholars; and the congregation +gradually grew, year by year, until Mr. Pain died in 1844 (April +11). He was much beloved, and had brought into the fold +about 150 members. He was interred in the chapel yard, a +large stone on the west side marking his grave, while a tablet on +the south wall, at the east end of the interior of the chapel +bears this inscription, “Sacred to the memory of the Rev. +John Pain, who was ordained Pastor over this church and +congregation, Anno Domini 1821. As a minister he was +talented, zealous and useful, his chief desire being to bring men +unto God. As a man he was amiable and affectionate, his +private life bearing testimony to the truth of those counsels he +publicly taught. He departed this life April 11th, 1844, +aged 44 years.” The inscription on the tombstone is a +long one, in verse, to which is added an epitaph to +“Esther, Relict of the above,” who “died in +London, Feb. 1, 1868, aged 64. With Christ.”</p> +<p>Of all the ministers of this chapel Mr. Pain was probably the +most valued, and his memory is still cherished. We may add +that he was born in Gloucester, a descendant, on his +mother’s side, of the old and honourable family of the <!-- +page 82--><a name="page82"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +82</span>D’Oyleys, whose seat is at Adderbury, +Oxfordshire. His father was many years Pastor of the +Independent Church of Forest Green, Gloucestershire, his mother +being daughter of a Church of England clergyman. An +engraving of him is still preserved, framed, in the vestry of the +chapel.</p> +<p>Mr. Pain was succeeded in the ministry of the chapel by the +Rev. J. Kelsey in 1844; he died in Adelaide, South Australia; and +from 1845 to 1848 the Rev. W C. Fisher held the post. The +Rev. Samuel Gladstone succeeded him, and officiated from 1848 to +1853. He afterwards went to Sleaford.</p> +<p>The Rev. J. G. Roberts was Minister from 1853 to 1856. +He married a daughter of the late Mr. T. Meredith; there being a +tablet to the memory of the latter, on the west side of the south +wall of the chapel, with this inscription, “In affectionate +remembrance of Mr. Thomas Meredith, who departed this life July +30, 1858, aged 66 years. As for me I will behold Thy face +in righteousness; I shall be satisfied when I awake with thy +likeness.”</p> +<p>The Rev. Thomas Betty succeeded in 1857, and held office till +1863, when his health broke down; his last entry in the books was +written on Feb. 19, 1863, “God bless them all, church and +congregation, Amen.” He returned and died at +Knottingley, March 26, 1865. During his ministry a debt of +£75 on the chapel was paid off, and in 1859 a +minister’s house was purchased for £250, and some +£30 spent in repairs, the money being raised by a +bazaar.</p> +<p>The Rev. Thomas Lord followed in 1863, and ministered till +1866. He succeeded in paying off the debt on the British +School, and on leaving the town was presented with a handsome +timepiece by the Committee of the School. He had as a youth +attended the chapel of Dr. Doddridge (already named) in +Northampton, but left there in 1834. His first pastorate +had been at Wollaston, from 1834 to 1845; then removing to +Brigstock, where he ministered from 1845 until his transfer to +Horncastle in 1863. <a name="citation82"></a><a +href="#footnote82" class="citation">[82]</a></p> +<p>He was succeeded by the Rev. J. E. Whitehead, from 1867 to +1871. During his ministry several improvements were +effected in the interior of the chapel, including the erection of +a commodious platform; oak furniture and elegant fittings being +added, and the seats of the choir re-arranged.</p> +<p>The Rev. W. Rose followed from 1872 to 1878. He had been +stationed at Portsea, but visited Horncastle in July, 1872, to +preach for Home Missions, and was afterwards invited to undertake +the ministry here. Being a native of Boston, and having +resided for some time in Spilsby, he was glad to return to his +native county, and commenced his ministry in January, 1873. +During his pastorate the old seats in the body of the chapel were +removed, and modern open benches substituted. In 1874 a +plot of land was offered by the late Mr. W. A. Rayson for new +school premises. Mr. Rose and the late Mr. J. E. Ward, as +Treasurer and Secretary, took up the matter, and the present +schools were erected on the south of the chapel. On the +ground floor is a spacious room, 39-ft. long by 24-ft. wide; +there is a vestry for the minister, an infant classroom, and a +kitchen with convenient arrangements for tea meetings; above are +six large classrooms for boys and girls. These were opened +April 29, 1875; among the contributors being Mr. Samuel Morley of +London, at one time President of the Society, and Sir Titus Salt, +who both, with Mr. W. A. Rayson, gave £50 each.</p> +<p>After Mr. Rose’s retirement both he and Mrs. Rose still +continued to take a kindly interest in matters connected with the +chapel. She was a member of <!-- page 83--><a +name="page83"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 83</span>a highly +respectable family in the neighbourhood, being a daughter of Mr. +Searby of Wainfleet. Her health, however, was latterly +precarious, and she died May 16, 1879, her husband dying Dec. 10, +in the same year. They were both interred at Spilsby. +Mr. Rose was highly esteemed among all denominations; was on +cordial terms of intimacy with the Rev. Arthur Scrivenor, then +Vicar of Horncastle; and, among other duties, he acted on a +committee at Woodhall Spa, in connection with a Cottage Hospital +for the poor, in which he took great interest, and which was +carried on by the writer of these pages, then Vicar of Woodhall +Spa.</p> +<p>Mr. Rose was succeeded by the Rev. W. T. Poole, of +Paulers’ Pury, Northants; a former Scripture Reader at +Reading, who ministered here from 1878 to 1880, when he was +transferred to Bracknall, Berks. He was followed by a +Nottingham student, the Rev. W. Archer, from 1881 to 1885. +Then came the Rev. J. H. Dingle, of Ruskington, near Sleaford, +from 1885 to 1886, when he left for a charge at Patricroft, near +Manchester. During his pastorate a very successful Bazaar +was held in November, 1886, from the proceeds of which the manse +was further improved, and the chapel again renovated, with +decorations from the designs of Mr. C. H. Stevens.</p> +<p>Then followed an interval of two years, during which the +chapel was served by students of the college at Nottingham. +In 1888 the Rev. G. Luckett succeeded, coming from Long Sutton, +and held office till Sept., 1893, when he was transferred to +Curry Rivell, Somerset. An interval here again occurred, +during which Mr. J. T. Whitehead and other Nottingham students +took the duties, Mr. Whitehead afterwards accepting a pastorate +in Lancashire.</p> +<p>In January, 1894, the Rev. Sidney Benjamin Dixon began his +ministry, which he continued till December, 1897, when he was +transferred to Tetsworth, Oxfordshire. For more than a year +Nottingham students again performed the duties; and in November, +1899, the Rev. John Pogson, B.D., entered on his ministry, which +he continued until 1905, when he was transferred to Whitworth, +near Rochdale. Early in 1907 (Feb. 13) the Rev. J. H. +Dingle, who had held the office in 1886, was re-appointed, having +served, as above, 12 years at Patricroft, and afterwards at +Newmarket and Sheffield.</p> +<p>There is one more tablet in the chapel, which we have not +mentioned; it is on the west wall, “In affectionate +remembrance of Jane, the beloved wife of William Wood, who died +May 12, 1853, aged 48 years. Precious in the sight of the +Lord is the death of His saints.” Mr. Wood was a +draper in the High Street, and a pillar of the church; he +afterwards removed to Southampton, and died there.</p> +<p>We have only to add that there are a considerable number of +tombstones, with inscriptions, in the chapel yard, but burials +ceased to take place there by Act of Parliament in 1855. +Marriages are here solemnized. The Services are morning and +evening on Sunday, with sermon in the evening of Thursday. +A Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavour Meeting on +Tuesday at 8 p.m. A Ladies’ Sewing Meeting on the +first Wednesday of every month, and choir practice on Friday +evening at 8, there being a good American organ.</p> +<p>For the above details I am largely indebted to the notes +“On the Wong,” of the late Mr. W. Pacey, supplemented +by the <i>History of England</i>, in seven volumes, of the Rev. +H. Walter, B.D., F.R.S., Professor in the East India College, +Hertford, Chaplain to the Duke of Northumberland, &c., +&c.</p> +<h3><!-- page 84--><a name="page84"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +84</span>THE BAPTIST CHAPEL.</h3> +<p>This is the oldest nonconformist building in Horncastle. +It is generally supposed that there was a still earlier chapel, +situated near what is called the Bow Bridge, which spans the +southern branch of the canal, between Cagthorpe and St. +Mary’s Square, but we have no definite proof of this beyond +a vague tradition.</p> +<p>The Baptist community date their origin from the time of the +Commonwealth. The earliest person of note connected with +this religious body being John Bunyon, author of <i>The +Pilgrim’s Progress</i>, <a name="citation84a"></a><a +href="#footnote84a" class="citation">[84a]</a> who espoused the +cause of the Parliament against Charles I. He first +preached in Bedford, where he was a tinker by trade, in the year +1655, visiting various other parts of the country in succeeding +years, until he died, August 31st, 1688, and was buried in +Bunhill Fields.</p> +<p>An old document shows that at a meeting held at Bedford, in +the spring of 1655, over which he presided, it was decided to +send one of the members, “Mr. Brown to Horncastle, in +Lincolnshire, to a few persons of the belief, seeking help to +guide them in forming a society.” Before the +“Toleration Act” was passed in 1689, nonconformist +places of worship were not allowed to exist within five miles of +a market town. <a name="citation84b"></a><a href="#footnote84b" +class="citation">[84b]</a> In Asterby, about six miles from +Horncastle, there is a Baptist chapel, locally reputed <a +name="citation84c"></a><a href="#footnote84c" +class="citation">[84c]</a> to be the oldest in the kingdom. +At Coningsby is a Baptist Chapel, with a school, dating from +nearly the same period, with an endowment of 26 acres of +land. The Baptists of Horncastle mostly, in those days, +worshipped at Asterby. At Donington-on-Bain there is also a +very ancient chapel, where the Baptists of Louth +worshipped. The two chapels of Asterby and Donington have a +joint endowment of £20 a year, and are now affiliated to +Northgate Chapel in Louth.</p> +<p>The Foundation Deed of the Chapel in Horncastle is dated Sept. +19, 1767; and the names of the founders are given as William +Bromley, Vicars Keal, Hamlet Dabney, William Taylor, William +Storr, William Dawson, Thos. Hollingshed, Charles Bonner, George +Gunnis, James Coates, John Blow, and William Tenant.</p> +<p>The Chapel was originally a structure of one story, having its +entrance in the centre of the north wall, and the pulpit +opposite. Until the early part of the 19th century it had +no baptistry, immersion being performed in the water-mill pit, <a +name="citation84d"></a><a href="#footnote84d" +class="citation">[84d]</a> in the north of the town.</p> +<p>Considerable structural alterations were made in the year +1843, when the walls were heightened and upper windows inserted; +a gallery was erected at the east end; the north door was bricked +up, and the present entrance at the east end opened; the pulpit +being removed to the west end, facing the door. A further +enlargement was made by a small vestry on the west being added, +thus providing sitting accommodation for 250 worshippers.</p> +<p>On the north side of the building is a graveyard, but only +three inscriptions <!-- page 85--><a name="page85"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 85</span>are legible, they are “Mary +Markwell, died March 28th, 1776, aged 29. Prepare to meet +thy God.” This was, doubtless, one of the earliest +interments. The second is “In memory of Thomas Lamb, +who departed this life June 7th, 1811, aged 82.</p> +<blockquote><p>Here rests that lately animated clod,<br /> +Who self despised, and glorified his God;<br /> +And when that great decisive day shall come,<br /> +He’ll rise triumphant from the silent tomb.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Also of Frances, his wife, who departed this life April 2nd, +1810, aged 79. He was a watchmaker. The third is as +follows: “Sacred to the memory of Eliza, daughter of +William Parker, Solicitor, and Elizabeth, his wife, who died 1st +April, 1835, aged 20 years. Them that sleep in Jesus will +God bring with Him.” Mr. Parker occupied part of the +premises now forming the shop and residence of Mr. Bryant, +shoemaker, in the High Street.</p> +<p>There is little doubt that the house adjoining the chapel, on +the north west, was once the minister’s residence. On +the stairs leading to the present rostrum there is still a +doorway, which evidently led to the house. There is a stone +tablet over this door, and in 1892 an exact copy of this was +made, and placed on the north wall. The inscription reads +“John Hill, departed this life Oct. 16th, 1779, aged 48, +Pastor of this Church 13 years.”</p> +<p>There are some tablets on the wall within, but the Rev. F. +Samuels, who was Pastor when the Chapel was renovated, about +1882, unfortunately allowed the inscriptions to be +obliterated.</p> +<p>It is interesting to know that the Mint Lane Baptist Chapel, +at Lincoln, was founded in 1767, by worshippers at Horncastle. <a +name="citation85a"></a><a href="#footnote85a" +class="citation">[85a]</a> Curiously it was not till 1892 +that the Horncastle Chapel was “registered” as a +place of worship, the omission being only then discovered, when +application was made for a licence to solemnize marriages.</p> +<p>In 1893 the Chapel was thoroughly restored, at a cost of +£80; the interior being modernised, the walls painted, the +old high pews removed and replaced by neat seats, the old +box-shaped pulpit taken down, and a rostrum and platform +erected. There is a good organ, with special seats for the +choir.</p> +<p>We may add that the Baptists are now a very numerous and +influential body. At the Baptist World Conference, held at +Exeter Hall, London, July 10 and following days, 1905, the first +ever held as an united community, Dr. Maclaren of Manchester +presiding, a message was received from the King and Queen, +thanking for a loyal address from the Conference. The +President also stated that he had informally received a greeting +of good will from the Established Church, as well as from the +Free Churches.</p> +<p>On that occasion ministers and delegates attended from various +parts of Great Britain and the Colonies, from America, France, +and other countries. A meeting was held under “The +Reformer’s Tree,” in Hyde Park, Miss Burroughs, a +coloured lady, being on the platform, also Mr. Britto, a coloured +vocalist, and the singing being led by a coloured choir. +The President, Dr. Clifford of London, stated that there were +present 4,000 delegates, from all parts of the world, +representing some seven millions of Baptists, <a +name="citation85b"></a><a href="#footnote85b" +class="citation">[85b]</a> and 5,700,000 <!-- page 86--><a +name="page86"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 86</span>communicants; +but besides these there are 14 or 15 millions of +“adherents” to the cause, so that the whole body +numbers over 20 millions.</p> +<p>The Rev. W. E. Pearson was appointed August, 1905, but left in +Feb., 1907, to pursue his studies at college.</p> +<h3>THE NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH.</h3> +<p>The Croft Street Chapel, or New Jerusalem Church, is both +structurally and intellectually, the most recent developement of +Nonconformity in Horncastle. The founder of this community +was a personality so remarkable that it may be well here to give +a brief sketch of him.</p> +<p>Emanuel Swedenborg, son of a Lutheran bishop, was born at +Stockholm, in 1689. During more than the first half of his +life he was distinguished as a hard worker in the field of +science, and from his many clever inventions, and valuable public +services, he was ennobled by his sovereign. But in the year +1743, after a serious illness, accompanied by brain fever, the +result of excessive mental labour, he threw up all work of this +kind, declaring that he had received a “call” from +the Lord, who manifested Himself to him, by personal appearance, +and commissioned him to devote further life and strength to +holier purposes.</p> +<p>Being a man of strong will, albeit, not improbably, with a +touch (as was thought by several) of mental aberration, the +result of his illness, he threw himself, with characteristic +energy, into the work of religious proselytism, in support of the +special views with which he was now inspired. He became a +kind of religious clairvoyant, living an ecstatic existence in +communion with angels and spirits. He printed accounts of +various “Arcana,” as he termed them; visions granted +to him of heaven and hell; the state after death, the true +worship of God, the inner spiritual sense of the scriptures; and +so forth. He held spiritual intercourse with the dwellers +in other planets, conversing with Apostles, with Luther, Calvin, +Melancthon, &c. “Things hidden since the days of +Job (he declared) were revealed to himself.”</p> +<p>Followers gradually gathered round him, inspired by his own +enthusiasm. He visited England frequently; and before his +death, in London, A.D. 1772, he had established congregations in +England, Ireland, Wales, France, Holland, Sweden, Russia, and +even in Turkey and America. It is said that several +Anglican clergy adopted his views, though still retaining charges +in their own church.</p> +<p>The special tenets of the sect, which he founded, seem to have +been, that, while believing in one God, they held that He was the +Christ; that Christ always existed in human form, but not in +human soul; and that in His Person there was a real Trinity; that +the bible was to be understood in a spiritual sense, which was +first revealed to Swedenborg. Their ritual, which was based +on that of the Anglican Church, included a splendid priesthood +and an elaborate ceremonial.</p> +<p>Swedenborg’s very numerous writings included a number of +mystic works, especially connected with what he called the +“Spiritual Influx,” which was not limited to locality +but pervaded everywhere. Translations of all his works have +been issued by the Swedenborg Society, located at No. 1, +Bloomsbury Street, London, W.C., and at Horncastle they may be +borrowed from the New Church Free Library in Croft Street. +The Horncastle branch has also its own monthly magazine, <i>The +New Church Advocate</i>.</p> +<p><!-- page 87--><a name="page87"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +87</span>The following is a brief account of the Society’s +origin and progress, in Horncastle, from particulars furnished to +the present writer, by the esteemed minister, Rev. R. Mayes, in +1903 (the second year of his ministry), and by Mr. Edwin Townell, +who has been secretary for a quarter of a century. The +Society was inaugurated on August 9, 1869, when Messrs. Bogg, +Moore, Hall, Cook, Austin, and Bellamy, met at the house of Mr. +E. J. Moore, 19, Queen Street; Mr. Moore being appointed +Secretary and Treasurer, Mr. Bogg and Mr. Hall Trustees, and Mr. +Bogg nominated as first Leader. Mr. Cook offered the use of +a room in his house, rent free, and the first service was held on +the following day, Sunday, the 10th of the same month.</p> +<p>As Mr. Bogg resided at Benniworth, nine miles from Horncastle, +he could not undertake a service every Sunday; and, at first +there was only an evening meeting, weather permitting.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p87b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The New Jerusalem Church" +title= +"The New Jerusalem Church" +src="images/p87s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>There was a good deal of opposition for a time, especially +from the Congregationalists, under their minister, Mr. J. E. +Whitehead; this, however, served rather to increase the general +interest in the new movement, and the evening congregations grew +in numbers. The first tea meeting (which ultimately became +an established monthly institution) was held March 14, 1870, in a +room in the alley named “Tinker’s Entry,” there +being then 14 members on the roll; when addresses were given by +Mr. J. S. Bogg, Chairman; and by Messrs. Cook, Moore, T. Wemyss +Bogg, and others.</p> +<p>In May of the same year Mr. Richard Gunton, of the +Lincolnshire New Church Association, visited them, followed by +Rev. John Hyde in October, Mr. Gunton coming again in December of +the same year. We may here observe that this connection +with Mr. Richard Gunton became, as will be hereafter shewn, a +most valuable asset in the Society’s favour, in more ways +than one. He took up his residence in London, first in +Oseney Crescent, <!-- page 88--><a name="page88"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 88</span>Camden Road, N.W., and afterwards in +Tufnell Park Road, N., but he never lost his interest in the +Horncastle branch; visiting the town year after year, to preach +or give lectures, in the Corn Exchange, on behalf of the +Society. His last visit was in October, 1896; his death +occurring on the 5th of the December following, after (as was +fitly stated) “40 years of faithful service as +Superintendent Missionary,” as well as having been +Treasurer of the New Church Conference.</p> +<p>In 1871 Mr. Moore left Horncastle, the room in Tinker’s +Entry was given up, and the meetings were held in the house of +Mr. W. Hall, where a library was also opened for the +members. Subsequently, with a view to the erection of a +suitable place of worship, Mr. Hall bought a piece of land in +Croft Street and presented it to the Society, the project being +also warmly supported by Mr. R. Gunton. A subscription list +was opened, plans and estimates obtained, and the foundation +stone of a fabric was laid, Sep. 16, 1872. The appeal for +support concluded with these words: “This will be the first +house of worship constructed in the County of Lincoln, for the +worship of the Lord Jesus Christ as the only God.” +This was signed by W. Hall, Treasurer, and Edwin Dawson, +Secretary.</p> +<p>The Chapel was opened Jan. 29, 1873, being dedicated by the +Rev. Dr. Bayley, Minister of the Chapel in Argyle Square, London; +who had given a series of lectures in aid of the Society four +years before (November, 1869) in the Corn Exchange; and, after +the dedication, he again gave addresses, which were continued by +Revs. P. Ramage, R. Storry, C. H. Wilkins, Mr. R. Gunton, and +others, usually morning and evening.</p> +<p>We will now describe the Croft Street fabric, opened under +these favourable auspices. It consists of a square oblong, +standing north and south, 40-ft. by 20-ft.; the architect was Mr. +Gosling of London, the builder Mr. Chas. Blyton of Horncastle, +the material being red and white brick. There is +accommodation for 150 persons; the cost of the structure was +£350. The fittings, which had formerly belonged to a +chapel in Cross Street, Hatton Gardens, London, were presented by +Mr. William Pickstone. At the south end there is an apsidal +recess with three lancet windows, the central one having coloured +glass, with the figure of the Good Shepherd and an inscription at +the bottom stating that it was “Presented by J. W Fishleigh +and Fanny his wife, in memoriam, Feb., 1901,” being in +memory of their only daughter, who died in London, the mother +having been brought up in this connection.</p> +<p>Within this apse there is a platform, with polished oak rail +in front, resting on carved pillars. On this is a Reading +Desk and Communion Table. The carpet and communion cushion +were presented by the late Mr. T. Tapling, carpet manufacturer, +of London, who was a native of Lincolnshire. In the centre +of the apse is a carved oak chair, having the monogram I.H.S., +which was given by Mr. C. Blyton. In front, standing on the +Chapel floor, is a harmonium by Alexandre & Sons, of Paris; +it is a fine instrument, having four sets of vibrators and 14 +stops. It was obtained partly at the cost of the +congregation, and partly by a donation of the late Mr. John +Jobson, from Mr. Thomas Gunton (son of Mr. Richard Gunton of +London), who resided at Bunnyfield House, Hatfield Park, and was +for many years private secretary to the late Marquis of +Salisbury. The instrument originally cost £84. +Mr. William Hall presided at this harmonium from the first.</p> +<p>We have mentioned Dr. Bayley of London as the earliest +preacher in the new chapel; there was no resident minister till +1902. Mr. and Mrs. Hall <!-- page 89--><a +name="page89"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 89</span>entertained +during the whole of the first year (1873) the preachers above +named. Others of note who followed were Mr. Layland of +Nottingham, Leader of the Society in 1876; followed, +1877–8, by Mr. J. R. Boyle; to whom succeeded, +1878–9, Mr. W. A. Bates (afterwards of Brisbane, +Queensland, Australia); Mr. W. J. Adcock, 1879–80; Mr. A. +E. Beilby, 1880–1; Mr. W. Hall, 1882; and Mr. William +Robinson, October of that year. At various dates the +preachers were Rev. R. Storey of Heywood near Manchester, Rev. +Mr. Wilkins of Nottingham, Mr. Skelton of London, Mr. Pulsford of +Leicester, Mr. Cameron of Edinburgh, Mr. Fairweather of London, +Mr. Ashby of Derby, Mr. Best of Hull, Rev. T. Prestland of +London, Rev. Joseph Deans in 1899, and Rev. J. R. Rendell, +President of the Conference; Rev. Lewis A. Slight of Northampton, +1900; Rev. J. T. Freeth of Bolton, President, 1901. From +time to time preachers were sent by the New Church Conference, +and later by the East Midland and Lincolnshire Association.</p> +<p>Three marriages were solemnized in the Chapel by Rev. L. A. +Slight, viz., that of Miss Townell and Mr W. Chapman of Oundle, +Dec. 11, 1900; Miss Elizabeth Hall and Mr. Edwin White, both of +Horncastle, May 21, 1901; and Miss Florence Smith to Mr. Alfred +Storton of London, July 9, 1901.</p> +<p>The Rev. Richard Mayes, the first resident Minister, came from +Leicester, first preached here Feb. 23, 1902, and entered on his +ministry in October of that year. Other preachers during +that interval were Mr. Fairweather of Loughborough, Mr. L. A. +Slight, Mr. Layland, Mr. W. Hall and Mr. H. Deans.</p> +<p>A Sunday School was opened with the Chapel in 1873; this was, +at a later date, temporarily closed, but re-opened by Mr. +Mayes. Under him, ably supported as he is by members the +Townell and Blyth families, and others, the services, which are +short, bright, and musical, are being attended by increasing +numbers. Mr. Edwin Townell is still Secretary, as he was in +1880; and with Mr. Mayes’ ministry Mr. H. Freeman succeeded +Mr. W. Hall as Treasurer.</p> +<h3>THE REV. THOMAS LORD.</h3> +<p>The subject of this notice, no longer holding a ministerial +charge, is by many years the doyen among Nonconformist preachers +in Horncastle, being the oldest Congregational Minister in +England. He completed his hundredth year on April 22, 1908; +on which occasion he received a congratulatory telegram from His +Majesty the King; while a public fund was instituted for a +presentation to be made to him in recognition of the occasion, +which he desired to be given in his name to the local Institution +of Nurses.</p> +<p>Mr. Lord was born at Olney, Bucks., in 1808; and began his +ministry in 1834, as pastor of a chapel at Wollaston, Northants, +which he held for eleven years; thence removing to Brigstock, in +the same county, where he laboured during 17 years. He +subsequently held pastorates in Horncastle, Deddington (Co. +Oxford), and Great Bridge, Staffordshire. He gave up +permanent charge in 1878, continuing, however, to assist other +ministers in that neighbourhood, until 1899, when, in consequence +of failing eyesight, he removed once more to Horncastle, taking +up his abode with his married daughter, Mrs. C. M. Hodgett, on +the Wong (No. 7).</p> +<p>Mr. Lord has been an active worker in the temperance cause +during more than 70 years; a member of the Liberation Society +since its formation; a warm advocate of the Peace Society, of the +United Kingdom Alliance; the <!-- page 90--><a +name="page90"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 90</span>inaugural +meeting of which he attended at Manchester. He was one of +the founders of the Congregational Total Abstinence Association; +and has always been a warm supporter of the London Missionary +Society.</p> +<p>Mr. Lord still preaches occasionally in Horncastle. He +has officiated more than once recently in the Lincoln Mission +Hall, and not unfrequently occupies the pulpit at the +Presbyterian Chapel, Kirkstead, to assist the local minister, +Rev. Robert Holden, who is his junior by some 16 years. On +Sunday, May 31, 1908, Mr. Lord preached at Alford, in the +Congregational Chapel; and on Sunday, June 7, 1908, at Boston, in +the Chapel of the United Methodists.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p90b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908" +title= +"Rev. Thomas Lord, 100 years old, April 22, 1908" +src="images/p90s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Notwithstanding his age Mr. Lord’s voice is still clear, +deep-toned, and resonant; his manner is full of vigor, his +language simple, yet eloquent and earnest. His step is firm +and elastic. In habit he is an early riser.</p> +<h2><!-- page 91--><a name="page91"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +91</span>CHAPTER VI.<br /> +EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.</h2> +<p>Having dealt with the places of worship in the town, we now +proceed to give an account of its schools; and among these the +Grammar School, from its antiquity, as well as for other reasons, +claims precedence.</p> +<p>This Institution, on its present foundation, dates from the +reign of Elizabeth, <a name="citation91"></a><a +href="#footnote91" class="citation">[91]</a> one of whose special +characteristics was her warm interest in education, which led her +to encourage her nobles, and more wealthy subjects, to promote +the cause. The Reformation had given an impetus towards +emancipation from the ignorance which prevailed in Popish times, +when the monasteries were almost the only centres of +enlightenment—if so it could be called.</p> +<p>Henry VIII. did little or nothing towards relighting the +torch, which had been held up by the monks, whom he +abolished. His successor, Edward VI., founded a few grammar +schools; among them being, in our own neighbourhood, those at +Spilsby, Louth, and Grantham. During the brief reign of the +Popish Mary, the movement was again checked; but Elizabeth, +herself a cultivated scholar, rekindled the general interest in +educational progress.</p> +<p>The title deeds of the school are unfortunately lost, which +would have shewn to what extent it was then endowed, but +documents exist belonging to the school, which prove the +conveyance of certain lands, by John Neale of Horncastle, in the +17th year of Elizabeth (A.D. 1575); he being one of the first 10 +Governors appointed in accordance with the rules of the +foundation.</p> +<p>A useful little volume was published in 1894 by the late Dr. +Robert Jalland, then Senior Governor of the school, containing +its history, from the date of the Elizabethan foundation, +gathered from various documents and minute books, preserved in +the office of the Clerk of the Governors; from which we cull the +following particulars:</p> +<p><!-- page 92--><a name="page92"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +92</span>In the 13th year of her reign (1571), by Letters Patent +dated at Westminster, June 25, Elizabeth granted to her +“well-beloved and faithful counsellor, and subject, Edward +Fynes, Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter, Lord Clinton +and Saye, High Admiral of England,” that, at his prayer, +“a Grammar School should be established in the town of +Horncastle, for the good education of boys and youths, living +there, and about the neighbouring parts, habitants and +comerants.” <a name="citation92a"></a><a +href="#footnote92a" class="citation">[92a]</a> This was to +be called “The Free Grammar School of Queen Elizabeth, in +the Town and Soke of Horncastle of the foundation of (the said) +Edward, Lord Clynton,” &c., <a +name="citation92b"></a><a href="#footnote92b" +class="citation">[92b]</a> “to continue for +ever.” It was to consist of “a Master and +Sub-Master, or Usher,” and the “lands, tenements, +revenues, reversions, and other hereditaments, for the support of +the school, were granted, assigned, and appointed,” for +their better management, “to 10 discreet and honest men, +who (should) be styled Governors.”</p> +<p>The first Governors appointed were Clement Monk, clerk; John +Smith, clerk; John Sackeverill, gent.; Thomas Litter, gent.; Geo. +Hargrave, gent.; Thos. Raithbecke, yeoman; John Neale, yeoman; +Thos. Hamerton, yeoman; Willm. Ward, yeoman; Willm. Harrison, +yeoman. They were constituted “a body +corporate,” having a “common seal, to hold, to manage +the revenues of the school, and empowered to spend, and invest, +the income at their discretion,” to appoint the teachers, +and successors in the governing body, as vacancies should, by +death, occur.</p> +<p>The property of the school, either from the original, or +later, <a name="citation92c"></a><a href="#footnote92c" +class="citation">[92c]</a> endowments, consists of lands, +tenements, ground and quit rents, in Horncastle, or in the +Wildmore Fen allotment of the same, land and tenement in +Hemingby, lands in Winthorpe, Huttoft, Sutton, and in Thornton a +payment of £12 a year in lieu of former land, <a +name="citation92d"></a><a href="#footnote92d" +class="citation">[92d]</a> with certain moneys invested in +Government Consols and Indian Stock.</p> +<p>The rental of the school property has varied at various +periods. At the time of the civil war, when the +neighbourhood was more or less in a state of anarchy, there is no +record, for some years, of the Governors having even met to +dispense payments; and the Head Master’s salary was only +£10. In 1735 it amounted to £42, and that of +the Usher to £21; but in 1753 there was a reduction to +£30 for the Head Master, and £15 to the Usher, owing +to money having to be “borrowed for the exigenceys of the +school.” In 1786 the income of the school rose to +£529; the highest point which it seems ever to have +attained was £877, in 1854. In that year the Head +Master’s stipend is not specified, but two years later it +was £235, with capitation fees amounting to £251 +odd.</p> +<p><!-- page 93--><a name="page93"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +93</span>In 1780 the Head Master was the Rev. C. L’Oste; he +was also Rector of Langton by Horncastle, and a good +scholar. He published a translation, in verse, of Grotius +on <i>The Christian Religion</i>. It was printed at the +Cambridge University Press, dedicated to the Bishop of Lincoln, +with a very distinguished list of subscribers. <a +name="citation93"></a><a href="#footnote93" +class="citation">[93]</a> Differences arose between him and +the Governors, and in Sept., 1782, he was served with a notice to +quit, at the end of six months, for neglect of his duties. +He refused to give up office, counsel’s opinion was taken +by the Governors, Mr. L’Oste pleaded in his own +defence. The Governors gave notice of a trial at the +assizes. No result, however, is recorded, and Mr. +L’Oste retained office until his death in 1818.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p93b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Grammar School" +title= +"The Grammar School" +src="images/p93s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The year 1854 marked the close of the career of the most +remarkable Head Master who ever ruled the school. The Rev. +John Bainbridge Smith, D.D., had entered on his duties April 10, +1818, succeeding Mr. L’Oste. Coming to the post as an +entirely unknown man, of comparatively humble origin, but of +great energy, he soon acquired a leading position in the town and +neighbourhood; becoming Rector of Martin, Rector of Sotby, and +Vicar of Baumber. He was the author of several standard +works on Divinity. Under him the school achieved such a +reputation that, besides the day scholars, he had a large number +of boarders coming from Scotland, Ireland, Devonshire, London, +<!-- page 94--><a name="page94"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +94</span>and even Jersey and France. His end was +unfortunately as remarkable as his career. Returning by +train from Lincoln he fell asleep, and being roused at Kirkstead +by the porter giving the name of the station, and the night being +dark, he did not perceive that the train was again in motion, and +springing out of the carriage, he fell a few yards beyond the +platform and broke his neck. The porter found him lying +helpless, but alive, on the line. He was carefully conveyed +to his residence at Horncastle, and lingered alive several weeks, +retaining his mental faculties, but having no sense of feeling +below his neck. At length he recovered slight feeling in +his legs and feet, and probably tempted by this to make an effort +to move, he was found one morning dead in his bed.</p> +<p>The Duke of Newcastle, who owned property in Baumber (where, +as we have said, Dr. Smith was Incumbent), appointed him his +private chaplain; and the Doctor’s youngest daughter, Sarah +Katherine, married the Rev. Henry Fiennes Clinton, a near +relative of the Duke, and a descendant of the founder of the +school, Lord Clinton and Saye.</p> +<p>The school building has not always occupied the site on which +it now stands. As shewn in Stukeley’s plan of the +town, printed in 1722, it stood in the north-east corner of the +school yard. In 1772 that structure was found to be in a +ruinous condition, and the present building was erected, being +opened for use at Midsummer 1778. A classroom was added at +the south end in 1855, and more recently another small room put +up at the north end. The residence of the Head Master was +formerly a small low cottage, but it was considerably enlarged in +the early part of the 19th century, and in 1858 a new wing was +added at the north end.</p> +<p>In 1847 two “Clinton” Exhibitions were founded by +the Governors, of £50 a year, to be held for four years, by +scholars going to the University. For lack of such scholars +this was granted to Clement Madely Smith, youngest son of Dr. +Smith, the Head Master, who studied for the medical profession, +in London. No further appointment however was made, as in +1848 the Governors decided that they had no authority so to +employ the funds at their disposal.</p> +<p>On the death of Dr. Smith, in 1854, a new scheme of education, +more suited to the requirements of the time, was drawn up by a +committee appointed for that purpose, which received the sanction +of the Charity Commissioners, and was approved by the Master of +the Rolls in the same year.</p> +<p>The attendance at the school, however, gradually fell off, +until, in the year 1886, there were only 16 scholars; and further +reforms were needed. Since then changes in the system have, +from time to time, been introduced, to render the school more +generally useful: the more recent being the admission of female +pupils in 1903, for whom was appointed a resident lady teacher, +Miss E. Gibson, who had matriculated, 1st class, at London +University.</p> +<p>Small Scholarships also, not exceeding six in number, were +established for needy pupils; and application was made to the +Lindsey County Council, for a grant of £80, in aid of +scientific lectures, <a name="citation94"></a><a +href="#footnote94" class="citation">[94]</a> under the Technical +Instruction Act of Parliament; so that a general middle-class +English education was provided, along with Latin, French, +book-keeping, and other technical subjects; an examination being +held annually by some one unconnected with the school, who should +be approved of by the Charity Commissioners. The school has +thus, under the tenure of the Head Mastership by Dr. Madge, of +late years, <!-- page 95--><a name="page95"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 95</span>been considerably improved, and the +area of the subjects taught, widened; assisted as he has been by +the able Second Master, Mr. C. W. Gott, B.A., London, and Miss +Gibson. But it has also been increasingly recognised that +there was room for still further development, if the institution +was to take its proper position among the endowed educational +establishments of the county. This, however, is a subject +to which we shall recur hereafter.</p> +<p>In 1855 a school Library was commenced, the Governors granting +£10 for the purchase of books; £20 being given in the +following year, and this has been further enlarged in later +years, until the books now number nearly 500.</p> +<p>In March, 1893, a Magazine entitled <i>Banovallum</i> was +established, to be mainly carried on by the scholars, the Editor +being J. G. Meanwell, Sub-Editor J. R. Cowburn. It was a +monthly record of school work and sports, with various other +matters of interest. It was intended also to be a link of +connection between “old boys” and new; and with this +view former pupils of the school were invited to contribute. <a +name="citation95a"></a><a href="#footnote95a" +class="citation">[95a]</a> The outside support, however, of +such a publication was not sufficient to render it a paying +venture, and after an existence of rather more than two years, it +expired with the July No. of 1895.</p> +<p>Here we may fittingly introduce some personal reminiscences of +the school, and those connected with it, in its palmiest days, +under the regime of Dr. Smith, and first we may mention members +of his own family.</p> +<p>Although, as before stated, himself of humble origin, <a +name="citation95b"></a><a href="#footnote95b" +class="citation">[95b]</a> he married the daughter of a General +Sandwith, a lady who was highly esteemed by all who knew +her. She bore him three sons and three daughters, and +predeceased him. His eldest son, Bainbridge, graduated at +Cambridge University, took Holy Orders, was at one time English +Chaplain at Smyrna, and succeeded his father in the Rectory of +Sotby. He married a daughter of Judge Haliburton of Nova +Scotia, the author of <i>Sam Slick</i>, <i>The Watchmaker</i> +(1839) and other works, which were popular in their day. +The eldest daughter, Frances, married a member of a then +well-known Horncastle family, the Rev. John Fawssett, a graduate +of Cambridge, who afterwards became in turn Rector of Minting and +Vicar of Baumber with Stourton. A second son, Joseph +Coltman, became a Solicitor in Hull, but died early in +life. A second daughter, Isabella, married the Rev. W. +Affleck Peacock (named after his relative Sir Robert Affleck, of +Dalham Hall, Newmarket), Rector of Ulceby near Alford. The +youngest daughter, as already stated, married the Rev. Henry +Fiennes Clinton, Rector of Cromwell, near Newark, a near relative +of the Duke of Newcastle, to whom he was appointed domestic +Chaplain. The third and youngest son, Clement Madely, so +named after his godfather, the esteemed former Vicar of +Horncastle, adopted the medical profession and went out to India, +where he became known as a keen sportsman among big game; a group +of two tigers shot by him, and stuffed by Ward the great +taxidermist, being exhibited in the Crystal Palace several years +ago.</p> +<p>Of the scholars at the school, under Dr. Smith, we recall a +few names, as samples of the class of pupils whom he +received. There were three Sandwiths, Humphrey, Godfrey, +and Henry, who were his nephews on his wife’s side. +<!-- page 96--><a name="page96"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +96</span>Humphrey became a surgeon, and having a taste for +foreign travel, went out to Constantinople to practice +there. Having good introductions he was kindly received by +Sir Stratford Canning, the English Ambassador, and making the +acquaintance of Layard, he was invited to travel with him to +Mecca, Mosul, and Nineveh, at two of which places excavations +were conducted; as Hakim, or Doctor, he was visited by crowds of +Arabs, suffering from various ailments; and his quinine wrought +wonderful cures among them. When at home he sometimes +surprised his friends by suddenly appearing among them dressed in +Arab costume. In 1855 he was at the famous siege of Kars, +under General Fenwick Williams; when a force of 15,000 English +were shut in by an army of 50,000 Russians. The English had +three months’ provisions and three days’ ammunition; +they suffered greatly from cholera, and after five months +surrendered, only when overcome by famine. Humphrey wrote a +history of the siege.</p> +<p>Of Godfrey we remember little; Henry graduated at Cambridge, +took Holy Orders and became Vicar of Thorpe Salvin, near +Worksop. There were three Inveraritys, Duncan, Henry, and +William; the first of these went out to India, and became a Judge +in the Supreme Sudder Court. Henry devoted himself to +yachting, and died early. William held a commission in a +Highland Regiment of foot. Roseville Brackenbury, whose +father, a former Peninsular officer, and member of an old +Lincolnshire family, resided temporarily at Horncastle, in order +to place his son under Dr. Smith, entered the East India +Company’s service, in the Bengal Presidency.</p> +<p>There were three Buchanans, sons of an old Indian officer, +Major Buchanan, a Scotchman, but residing in Maida Vale, +London. These were James, Alexander, and Robert. +James was a dashing, chivalrous, high-spirited fellow, who took +service in a Madras regiment of cavalry; his brother +“Alick” was of a different fibre, being chiefly +remarkable for the amount of treacle tarts which he could +consume, at the shop of the once well-known “Sally +Dickinson;” the third brother, Robert, entered the +navy.</p> +<p>We may here mention, as evidence of the hard work which was +done under Dr. Smith’s system, a feat of memory performed +by two brothers among the senior boys, Thomas and Alfred Cammack, +which the present writer well remembers, as he was present as a +small boy when it occurred. “Repetition,” of +one kind or another, was required of all boys; but these two +repeated to the Master from memory, the whole of the first book +of Milton’s <i>Paradise Lost</i> (798 lines), Thomas with +only three promptings, and Alfred with five. Another boy, +Sidney Bousfield, did the same with nine or ten promptings. +Thomas Cammack walked his hospital in London, and eventually +became a consulting physician of some eminence, residing at +Boston; Alfred died early. Sydney Bousfield went out to +India, and died some years ago.</p> +<p>Two pupils, Holland and Forge, who came to study with the +Doctor, of more mature years than the ordinary scholars, were +“crack shots,” and welcomed at many of the shooting +parties in the neighbourhood. A third, Frank Richardson, +who was an ardent fox hunter, had his horse brought to the door +weekly, on the day when the meet was nearest, and was always +among the foremost in the field. He was, further, a great +athlete, and would follow the hounds on foot, and not seldom be +in at two deaths in the day, several miles apart; of him, it is +related, that he leapt the school-yard wall, nearly 7-ft. +high. There were many more who were trained by the Doctor +to serve their generation worthily in various capacities, but let +these suffice as a sample of his influence.</p> +<p><!-- page 97--><a name="page97"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +97</span>The Under Masters whose services he enlisted were, +further, not unworthy of him. We will name one or two.</p> +<p>The first Under Master of whom the present writer has any +knowledge was Thomas Myddelton. He was by birth a +gentleman, being connected with the very old family of the +Myddelton Biddulphs of Chirk Castle, North Wales, who have now +dropped the latter name, retaining only the Myddelton. +Thomas Myddelton’s father, John M. (then dead), had been +Rector of Bucknall, in this neighbourhood, 1804–34; his +grandfather, also named Thomas, having been Vicar of Melton +Mowbray; he (John M.) having been an Exhibitioner of St. +Paul’s School, London, graduated B.A. at Sidney Sussex +College, Cambridge, 1782, and gained a Fellowship.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p97b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School" +title= +"Lord Clinton and Saye, Founder of the Grammar School" +src="images/p97s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Thomas also graduated at Sidney Sussex College, +Cambridge. While serving as Under Master at the Grammar +School he was ordained to the Curacy of Bucknall, under his +father’s successor, the Rev. John Fendall. On the +occasion of his ordination he begged a whole holiday of Dr. +Smith, and treated the whole school to a day at Tattershall +Castle; hiring carriages to take them all, there being yet no +railway; and he gave them a substantial meal at the +“Fortescue Arms” Hotel. He was naturally very +popular with the boys of the school, although he was rather a +strict disciplinarian, and made them work hard. He was +commemorated in the “Breaking up Song” of the school +in the following lines:—</p> +<blockquote><p>Mr. Myddelton now comes in,<br /> +With his nose above his chin; (two prominent features)<br /> +<!-- page 98--><a name="page98"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +98</span>With pleasant smile he waves his cane,<br /> +As though to say, “I would fain refrain;<br /> +It grieves me sore to give a thwack<br /> +Upon the shrinking truant’s back.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center">(<span +class="smcap">chorus</span>)</p> +<p>We’re breaking up, and going away,<br /> + All for the sake of a holiday.<br /> +Jack’s a dull boy without his play;<br /> + So, Hurrah, again, for a holiday!</p> +</blockquote> +<p>He remained at the Grammar School about two years, afterwards +taking the Curacy of Langton with Wildsworth, near +Gainsborough. He presently moved to West Stockwith, holding +the Curacy of Wildsworth with East Ferry. He never held a +benefice; but, having some private means, he continued to reside, +in retirement, at West Stockwith, until his decease, about +1880. He was buried at Misterton, the adjoining parish, +where he had also taken occasional duty.</p> +<p>After Mr. Myddelton the next Under Master was William +Hutchinson. He was the son of the landlord of the principal +inn in the neighbouring town of Wragby, and had been educated at +the small grammar school there. He was appointed about +1845. He graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, as B.A., in +1848, keeping his terms there by permission, while acting as +Usher at Horncastle. In that year he left Horncastle, and +was elected Master of Howden Grammar School in Yorkshire, where +he was also appointed Curate in 1848, being ordained Deacon in +1848 and Priest in 1849. While at Horncastle he had married +Miss Caroline Dixon, daughter of a corn merchant; there were five +daughters, all clever, the youngest being Miss Annie Dixon, who +became distinguished as a miniature painter, exhibiting in the +Royal Academy, and becoming a favourite of the late Queen +Victoria. He held the Head Mastership at Howden for several +years; holding also the Perpetual Curacy of Laxton near Howden +from 1850 to 1855, the Perpetual Curacy or Vicarage of Airmyn +from 1855 to 1862, when he was appointed Vicar of Howden, which +benefice he held till his death in 1903.</p> +<p>It was somewhat remarkable that he began professional life in +Horncastle, famed for its great horse fairs, and passed the rest +of his life at Howden, also noted for its great horse fair. +His wife is buried, with two sisters, in the cemetery at +Horncastle.</p> +<p>The next Under Master to be mentioned about this period was +Francis Grosvenor. He was the son of a respectable +tradesman in the town, and had been educated at the Grammar +School. At first he was employed by Dr. Smith as a +supernumerary teacher of the junior boys, and became useful in +the temporary absences of Mr. Hutchinson, at Dublin +University. He was a conscientious and dependable youth, +thoughtful beyond his years, and was much valued by the Head +Master, who was a shrewd judge of character. He also +graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, taking honours; and was +ordained Deacon in 1847, and Priest in 1848. He remained as +Second Master for some years at the Grammar School, being much +esteemed among neighbouring clergy for his unostentatious manners +and general worth. He frequently officiated in the Parish +Church. Eventually he went to Chester, as Curate of St. +John’s Church in that city, where he remained many years, +taking pupils. There was probably a talismanic attraction +in the name of Grosvenor; Eaton Hall, the seat of Lord Grosvenor +(now Duke of Westminster) being in the immediate vicinity. +He was consequently very successful in obtaining pupils; <!-- +page 99--><a name="page99"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +99</span>and made money, whereby he acquired considerable house +property there and elsewhere. He was devoted to +archæological pursuits, and published a learned paper (of +16 pp.) on “The early connection between the County +Palatine of Chester and the Principality of Wales,” which +he read before the County Antiquarian Society. <a +name="citation99a"></a><a href="#footnote99a" +class="citation">[99a]</a> After many years’ +residence in Chester, he retired on a competency to Epsom, in +Surrey, where his mother, brother and sister resided with him; +and where he acted as Chaplain to the Union, until his decease, +about 1880.</p> +<p>The last Assistant Master, under Dr. Smith, whom we may name +was John Burton, born of humble parents in Peterborough. He +was appointed about 1848, and served Dr. Smith faithfully about +three years. He was not, however, a strong man, either +physically or mentally. His weakness of character was shewn +in an incident which might have had a tragic termination. +Having formed an attachment for a young lady, living near the +schoolhouse, and being rejected, he declared that he would commit +suicide; and he fired off a pistol under her window at night, +taking care, however, not to wound himself. On leaving the +school he entered at Jesus College, Cambridge, and graduated in +1853, dying soon afterwards.</p> +<p>On the appointment of the Rev. Samuel Lodge, to the Head +Mastership in 1854, Thomas White, a graduate of St. John’s +College, Cambridge, became Under Master. He had taken +classical honours, and was an efficient teacher, and rather +strict disciplinarian. He was the first Under Master +allowed to take private pupils as boarders. He continued at +his post six years, taking Holy Orders, and in 1860 was presented +by the Bishop of Lincoln to the Vicarage of Scamblesby, which he +held until his death in 1891.</p> +<p>It may be of interest if we here give some of the customs of +the school at this period, as samples of a state of things which +is now past and gone. The morality of some of them might be +questioned in these days of advanced ideas on civilization, but, +under the guidance of a man of Dr. Smith’s mental calibre, +their effect was the rearing of a generation of manly youths, +capable of much intellectual, as well as physical, activity and +endurance.</p> +<p>The Head Master was himself a remarkable instance of +this. Punctually at 7.30, without fail, he was every +morning in his desk at the school, to open proceedings with +prayer, it being frequently a race between himself and his +boarder pupils, as to who should arrive first, his residence +being some quarter mile from the school. When he closed the +school, with “abire licet,” <a +name="citation99b"></a><a href="#footnote99b" +class="citation">[99b]</a> in the afternoon, he as regularly went +for his “constitutional” walk. Furious indeed +must be the weather if Dr. Smith was not to be seen on Langton +Hill, summer and winter, rain or fair; if the former he would +brave the elements, wrapt in a large blue cloth cloak, waterproof +as his leather gaiters. If the latter, he would often +saunter slowly, rapt in meditation, or composing verses, an +occupation of which he was very fond, leaving behind him at his +death several vols. of MS. poetry. <a name="citation99c"></a><a +href="#footnote99c" class="citation">[99c]</a></p> +<p><!-- page 100--><a name="page100"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +100</span>The school hours were from 7.30 to 9, before breakfast; +10 to 12.30 midday; afternoon 3 to 5; while the boarders at his +own house worked with the Assistant Master from 7 to 9; the day +boys, in the town, preparing exercises and repetition for the +next morning, at their own homes. It was an amusement, for +some of the more active, to get up some quarter of an hour +earlier than the others, and hurry down to St. Mary’s +Church, to help old Dawson, the sexton, to ring the Grammar +School bell. <a name="citation100a"></a><a href="#footnote100a" +class="citation">[100a]</a> As the Doctor was very active +in his movements, any boarders who were late in starting, could +only reach the school in time, by running across the fields +between the two branches of the canal, called “The +Holms.” Woe betide those who were late!</p> +<p>From the Doctor’s energy of character it would be +expected that he would encourage active healthy +recreations. The days of cricket were not yet, <a +name="citation100b"></a><a href="#footnote100b" +class="citation">[100b]</a> although “single wicket” +was sometimes practiced. Nor was football popular, as it is +now. The game was indeed played, but we had, in those days, +no Rugby rules, and the ball was composed of a common bladder, +with a leather cover made by the shoemaker. In the school +yard the chief game was “Prisoner’s Base,” +generally played by boarders against day boys; in this swiftness +of foot was specially valuable. There was also a game named +“Lasty,” in which one boy was selected to stand at +the upper end of the yard, while the rest gathered at the lower +end. After a short interval, the one boy darted forward +towards the others, who all tried to avoid him; his object was to +catch one of the other boys, and when he succeeded in this, the +boy whom he caught took up the running to catch another, and this +could go on for any length of time. There was another +exciting game called “Lug and a Bite.” In the +fruit season a day boarder, from the country, frequently brought +his pocket full of apples; he would throw an apple among the +other boys, one of whom would catch it, and run away biting it; +the others would chase him, and seize him by the lug (ear), when +he would throw it away, and another would catch it, and continue +the process, he being, in his turn, caught by the ear, and so +on. This afforded much amusement, and many apples would in +this way be consumed. There were large slabs of stone laid +down in the yard, on which marbles were played with, and peg tops +were spun. Hockey, or shinty, as it was commonly called, +was also a favourite game; but these amusements were chiefly +confined to the sons of tradesmen in the town.</p> +<p>Among the boarders archery was practised, and by some of them +with a skill almost rivalling that of Locksley in Sir Walter +Scott’s novel of <i>Ivanhoe</i>. A carpenter in the +town made for us bows of lancewood, and arrows of poplar, tipped +with spikes of iron. With these we could not only split our +“willow wand” at 80 yards distant, but the more +skilful deemed an arrow hardly worth having until it had been +baptized in the blood of blackbird or pigeon, and some of the +neighbouring pigeon cotes suffered accordingly. The writer +was presented with a bow made of bamboo, and arrows said to be +poisoned, which a great traveller, then residing in Horncastle, +had brought from the South Sea Islands. He lent these to a +brother archer, who by mistake shot another boy in the calf of +the leg. Great alarm was the result, but the poison must +have lost its power, for no evil consequences ensued, except that +the wounded party almost frightened himself into a state of +fever.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p101b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907" +title= +"Successive Head Masters, from 1818 to 1907" +src="images/p101s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 101--><a name="page101"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +101</span>These, however, were among the less hardy of our +sports. The good old Doctor’s great aim was to get us +healthily engaged in the country. With this object he would +say on a Monday morning to the bigger boys of the two highest +classes, “Now, lads, if you will translate this book of +Virgil, or Homer, or this Greek play, as quickly as you can, you +shall have the rest of the week to spend as you +like.” Put upon our mettle by such a challenge the +work would be completed, by us perhaps on the Wednesday, and +three days of varied enjoyment in country rambles would +follow. In these days, when bird-nesting is forbidden as +being “cruelty to animals,” it may horrify some of +our readers to learn that the Doctor encouraged his pupils to +collect eggs. On our excursions in early summer every hedge +was carefully examined for many miles round, the tallest trees +were climbed, or, as it was then called “swarmed,” in +search of the eggs of hawk, carrion crow, woodpecker, &c.; +those of the <!-- page 102--><a name="page102"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 102</span>owl were found in the thick fir +plantations, or those of the jackdaw in old ruins; the rarest +specimens being presented to the Doctor himself, while commoner +kinds were hung in festoons from the ceiling of our study at his +residence. The two chief holidays at this season were the +Queen’s Birthday, May 24th, and “Royal Oak +Day,” May 29th. On these two days the boys were +expected to decorate the school in the early hours of the +morning; a <i>sine qua non</i> being, that, on the Doctor’s +arrival at 7.30 a.m., he should find his desk so filled with +floral and arboreal adornments, that he could not enter it; +whereat he would make the remark, repeated annually, “Well, +boys! you have shut me out of my desk, so we must give up work +for the day.” He also, on these occasions, often +brought with him a daughter, and the two carefully looked into +the decorated desk, when they were rewarded by finding the nest +and eggs of a “feather-poke” (long-tailed tit), or +some other rare bird, which he always took home and preserved in +his study, as a trophy till the following year. No +questions were asked as to <i>how</i> the decorations were +obtained, but in practice the process was as follows. On +the day before, between school hours, certain of the younger boys +were sent round the town to beg flowers, and then, later on, +followed what, as we should have said, the present hypercritical +generation would call, at the very least, “dishonest +pilfering.” After retiring to rest, and when the +final visit of the Assistant Master had been made to the +dormitories, all became excitement; boots and caps had been +carefully concealed under the beds. The elder boys were +quickly re-clothed, booted and bonneted; and we crept down, by +back stairs, to the kitchen, with the connivance of the cook and +housekeeper; those good souls also providing some refreshment for +us, to be taken either before we went out, or after we returned; +and then, stealthily emerging by the back door, we separated into +small companies of twos and threes; some re-visiting gardens in +the town, and taking without permission further flowers; others +going into the country; sometimes even taking a light cart from +one yard and a pony or horse from another, and then visiting +gardens or parks in the neighbourhood, and returning laden with +branches of horse-chesnut flowers, pink may, &c., which were +quietly conveyed to the school; and by the appointed hour the +work of decoration would be completed; and we, having returned to +our dormitories, refreshed through the cook’s kindness the +inner man, and washed the outer, were ready to greet the good +Doctor and his daughter on their arrival. The only +difference between the decorations on the 24th and 29th was, that +on the latter day oak leaves and acorns were a distinguishing +feature, some of the sprays having been gilded on the previous +day for presentation to the young lady.</p> +<p>There was another great day called the +“Treasurer’s holiday.” Once a year the +one of the Governors, who held that office, was entitled to ask +the Head Master to give us a whole holiday, which he was always +pleased to grant. The custom was for one of the senior boys +to call upon, or write to, the Treasurer, usually after some +period of extra hard scholastic work, asking him to exercise this +privilege. The way in which these holidays were spent +varied. Sometimes we had a “Paper Chase,” or +“Fox and Hounds.” One boy was sent out as fox, +sometimes accompanied by another boy, both carrying in bags a +supply of paper, torn into small shreds, which formed the +scent. In this sport the Doctor sometimes offered a reward +of five shillings to the “fox” who should manage to +elude his pursuers until he had reached the bank of the river +Witham, a distance of about six miles, but increased to 10 or +more miles <!-- page 103--><a name="page103"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 103</span>by the different ruses practised to +escape capture; a similar reward being offered to the +“hound” who should effect his capture after a run of +a stipulated number of miles.</p> +<p>Sometimes we had a picnic to the Tower-on-the-Moor, going +there on foot, through “the Wilderness,” and other +woods, and having our luncheon brought to the Tower in the +carrier’s cart, which passed daily on its way to Kirkstead +wharf. This was usually a bird-nesting excursion. +More than one of us accomplished the hazardous feat of climbing +to the top of the tower, whence a fine view could be obtained, on +a favourable day, across the Wash into Norfolk. On one of +these occasions we extended our ramble to Kirkstead wharf, some +adventurous spirits took forcible possession of the ferry boat, +and carried over women returning home, with their marketings, +free of charge. The owner of the boat was, however, +compensated by our calling at his small hostel close by, and +patronising his lemonade, bread and cheese. Sometimes the +excursion was to Tattershall Castle, and if this was in the +winter we skated there in the morning, along the canal, returning +on our “runners” by moonlight; the Doctor being +himself a good skater, encouraged it in his boys. On these +occasions we sometimes amused ourselves on the return journey by +firing pistols, to disturb the inhabitants of houses near the +canal; when, if anyone put his head out of a bedroom window, some +one of us would shout, “your money or your life;” the +usual response being “Go along, ye bulldogs,” the +name by which we were commonly known throughout the country +side.</p> +<p>On one of these return journeys, while skating in single file, +we approached the third lock, and the boy in front forgetting +that there would be no ice for a few yards below the lock, +because the water there was kept in agitation by the stream +always falling from the lock, suddenly found himself floundering +in an icy cold bath, while himself in a state of great +heat. The shock, and the fact that he was cumbered by his +skates, made him almost helpless, and he would probably have been +drowned, but that a fine fellow (I give his name, Edward Sharpe, +for he has long ago put “off this mortal coil”), who +was a great athlete, plunged in, skates and all, regardless of +the risk, and like a Newfoundland dog, panting brought his friend +to shore, with no worse effects than the drenching to both. +And here I may say that one of the accomplishments specially +encouraged by the Doctor was that of swimming; the very youngest +were taught to swim by the Under Master, in a small pool in the +river Bain, called “Dead Man’s Hole,” about 100 +yards from the first lock of the canal. After gaining +proficiency we bathed in the canal and lockpit itself. The +Doctor gave a reward of 5/- to any boy who could dive across the +canal, the same sum when he could swim 100 yards on his back.</p> +<p>On one occasion a bully, among the bigger boys, threw a timid +little fellow into the lockpit when full, saying “Now, +you’ll learn to swim, or sink.” The little +fellow did sink, rose to the surface, and sank again; and would +certainly have been drowned, but a shout from other indignant +youngsters, looking helplessly on, brought the same Edward Sharpe +to the rescue (he was bathing below the lock, not aware of what +was going on), and he at once plunged into the lock, dived to the +bottom (18 or 20 feet), and brought up the poor half-conscious +boy, who would otherwise have perished.</p> +<p>It may here be mentioned that the present writer once swam +from the junction of the two branches of the canal (close to the +present bathing place) to the first lock, then passed on and swam +to the second, and so continuing, swam to the third lock, his +clothes being carried by a school fellow who <!-- page 104--><a +name="page104"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 104</span>accompanied +him; this being a distance of some two miles, for this the Doctor +rewarded him with 10/- and a whole holiday. He also, it may +be added, as a reckless feat, when bathing, leapt stark naked +across the first lock; a performance which the slightest slip +might have made fatal.</p> +<p>Many are the anecdotes which could be here told of our +adventures; as of policemen or keepers eluded, or put off the +scent, by various ruses, &c., &c., on our various +marauding expeditions, but I will mention only two more +incidents.</p> +<p>From the same feelings of jealousy, doubtless, which produce +the “Town and Gown” antagonism at the University, +there was much ill-feeling among the lower class of boys in the +town towards ourselves, and free fights occasionally occurred +between them and the hated “bull-dogs.” At dusk +stones were thrown at us, which it was difficult to avoid in the +then badly lighted streets. Sudden sorties were made from +alleys, to take us unawares, and send us sprawling on the +coggles. Especially in snowy weather we were assailed with +snowballs on our way from school to the Doctor’s house, and +although we stood shoulder to shoulder and made a spirited +resistance, it not uncommonly occurred that these missiles were +(doubtless purposely) made to contain a piece of ice, or even a +sharp flint. In one of these skirmishes the writer himself +was struck on the temple, his eye only just escaping, by a +snowball, which a comrade picked up, on seeing that the wound was +bleeding, and a fragment of glass was found inside it; this, +surely, an extreme illustration of the principle that “all +is lawful in war.”</p> +<p>One great event, of yearly re-occurrence, was our bonfire with +fireworks, on the 5th of November. Pocket money was hoarded +up several weeks beforehand, to provide for the latter; some boys +even made their own squibs and crackers, and these were +considerably larger and more formidable than those which were +bought. The scene was usually a field on Langton Hill, +which belonged to the school. Subscriptions were raised to +purchase 100 faggots, locally called “kids;” but here +again our custom would, in strictness, have been condemned, for, +in addition to the purchased fuel, for sometime beforehand, we +had been searching the hedges around, armed with axes, and so had +got together probably as much to which we had no right, as that +which had been bought. The bonfire was thus doubled in +size, and made a blaze which, on the hill, would be seen for many +a mile. We had a whole holiday to give us time to pile up +the heap; and in the evening parents and many other friends +crowded to the field as spectators. Sometimes a lighted +balloon or two, of varied colours, would be sent up, which were +watched by the bright eyes of sisters and cousins, until they +were lost in the distance.</p> +<p>At length the conflagration was reduced to smouldering ashes, +and all retired; but on our way back to the school house there +were often rough doings, between the town boys and bull-dogs; +free vent was given to spite, and a broken or bruised head, or +body, might be the result; but we made no complaint; as loyal +subjects we had done our duty in protesting against all such +underhand doings as “Gunpowder Plot;” and, after a +hearty supper, given by our kind Head Master, we enjoyed the +rest, well earned by the exertions and trials of the day.</p> +<p>We have now said enough of the school, its institutions and +customs, under a regime which has passed away, doubtless never to +return; <i>tempora mutantur</i>.</p> +<p>Of the modern school we may here say that it is now doing +useful work, <!-- page 105--><a name="page105"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 105</span>although with a different class of +pupils to those above referred to; and in the near future, it is +hoped, that further changes will give it a still higher position +in educational work. Under Dr. A. G. Madge, who retired and +accepted church preferment in 1907, the school was made to meet +the requirements of the Oxford and Cambridge local examinations, +the London University Matriculation, and the South Kensington +Science and Art Departments.</p> +<p>In late years boys from the school have filled posts in +various parts of the world with credit. A considerable +number have obtained clerkships in banks, or in the Civil +Service; one boy, Richard Gordon Healey, passed 7th among more +than a hundred candidates for the General Post Office service, +London, and is now in the excise service. Another, +Fairburn, is Assistant Inspector of Police at Singapore. +Another, Isle, is a Civil Engineer, and has taken the B.Sc. +degree. A summary of successes at the school, kindly +supplied to the writer by Dr. Madge, shows that in the last seven +years (1906) five boys have passed the London University +Matriculation, 19 the Cambridge local examination, 34 the South +Kensington examination, while four have qualified for the public +Civil Service; a creditable result for a town of the size of +Horncastle.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p105b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Seal of the Grammar School" +title= +"The Seal of the Grammar School" +src="images/p105s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>A recent change has been the admission of pupil teachers to +classes specially adapted to their requirements, and with this +accession to the numbers receiving instruction, there are now +more pupils in the school, male and female together, than at any +period within the last 30 years.</p> +<p>The latest changes, in the direction of progress, have been as +follows: A new governing body has been created by the Board of +Education, consisting of 13 members; the Lord of the Manor, the +Honble. R. Stanhope, being <i>ex officio</i> one of them; eight +representative Governors holding office for three years; two +being appointed by the Lindsey County Council, three (one of them +a female) by the Urban Council, two by the Guardians, one by the +Justices of the Peace at the Lindsey Quarter Sessions. +There are also four co-optative Governors (among them one female +at least), appointed by the Governors for five years. It is +further ordered that the Head Master need not be in Holy Orders; +under which rule has been appointed the present Head Master, Mr. +Arthur N. Worman, B.A., London, late Assistant Master at King +Edward VII. Grammar School, King’s Lynn, who was selected +by the Governors from 150 candidates for the post.</p> +<h3><!-- page 106--><a name="page106"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 106</span>Addendum I.</h3> +<p>It will have been observed that we have so far adopted the +prevalent nomenclature, and spoken of this school as an +Elizabethan institution, founded in 1571. It must now be +added that, venerable as that date of origin would make it, it +has a higher claim to our veneration still. <i>Vixere +fortes ante Agamemnona</i>. There were grammar schools +before that date. Edward VI. is said to have established +several, in various parts of the country, and we have already +named two such in our own neighbourhood, viz., those of Spilsby +and Louth; but it is now known that even these were, strictly +speaking, revivals of still other institutions. It is now +known that not a few of the charities, or public institutions, +supposed to have been founded by Queen Elizabeth, were really of +older date, but revived, confirmed, or augmented, under her wise +rule. In a published account of the old grammar school of +Giggleswick, Yorkshire, <a name="citation106a"></a><a +href="#footnote106a" class="citation">[106a]</a> commonly reputed +to be a foundation of Edward VI., is the following statement, +“a large number of schools bear the name of Ed. VI., who +undoubtedly desired to strengthen the grammar school +system. His good intentions were, however, frustrated by +the Commissioners; and very few of the so-called Edward VI. +grammar schools had their origin in his reign, being older +foundations with a new name.” <a name="citation106b"></a><a +href="#footnote106b" class="citation">[106b]</a></p> +<p>It seems certain that Horncastle Grammar School is an +analogous case. Documents have recently been brought to +light in the archives of the Dean and Chapter of Lincoln, which +prove that, acting for the Chancellor (who was <i>ex officio</i> +“Magister Scholarum”), during a temporary vacancy of +that office, they appointed Masters to the grammar schools of +Boston, Partney, Horncastle, and elsewhere, in the year 1329; the +Horncastle Master, so appointed, being one John of +Beverley. This mode of appointment being exceptional, was +only to be valid for one year; but the Chancellorship continuing +vacant, the Masters were confirmed in their positions by the Dean +and Chapter, in the following year 1330, and again in 1331; and +so on, in successive years. <a name="citation106c"></a><a +href="#footnote106c" class="citation">[106c]</a></p> +<p>Now this mode of appointment being only in lieu of appointment +by the Chancellor, while his office was in abeyance, it follows +that these schools were in existence, as public institutions +under the Chancellor, before the dates named. Although, +therefore, we are unable to fix the exact period of the +school’s existence, it may be satisfactory for +Horncastrians to know that, in addition to the various +interesting associations which we have already given as connected +with the school, there is proof that before Shakespeare had +composed one of his immortal plays, before Spenser had written a +line of his <i>Faerie Queen</i>, before Bacon had even thought of +his <i>Advancement of Learning</i>, there had existed a +“seat of learning” in the small provincial town of +Horncastle, which had then attained to the respectable age of +more than two centuries.</p> +<p><!-- page 107--><a name="page107"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +107</span>We have been accustomed to consider the foundation of +William of Wykeham, at Winchester, in 1373, as one at least of +our very oldest, but Horncastle Grammar School may even be of +still earlier date than that. The oldest school of all is +King’s School, Canterbury, attributed to Archbishop +Theodore, A.D. 670, but which may probably be traced to St. +Augustine. St. Peter’s School, York, is the next +oldest.</p> +<h3>Addendum II.</h3> +<p>The Governors of the Grammar School are about to erect, in +this year, 1908, new and more commodious premises for the school, +in the grounds of what is now called “The Chestnuts,” +near the west end of West Street.</p> +<h2><!-- page 108--><a name="page108"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 108</span>CHAPTER VII.<br /> +WATSON’S FREE SCHOOL.</h2> +<p>Next in importance to the Grammar School, and prior to the +existence of the two well appointed National Schools, Church and +Wesleyan, possibly even of greater utility than at present, is +Watson’s Free Infant School; the founder of which placed it +under the control of the Grammar School.</p> +<p>The title deeds of this Institution are in the keeping of Mr. +H. Tweed, Solicitor, who is Clerk to the Governors; and from +these we gather the following particulars of its history. +Richard Watson in the latter half of the 18th century was a +resident in, and a native of, Horncastle, being the son of James +Watson, who had made money by tanning, at that time a staple +business in the town. Although engaged in trade he ranked +with the resident gentry, his sister, Frances, marrying James +Conington, Esq., belonging to a family of good position, not only +in the town, but in the county; members of which have also +distinguished themselves at the Universities, the name still +surviving. She is referred to in an Indenture of date 22nd +Sept., 25 George III. (1785), as “Frances Conington, of +Boston, widow, formerly Frances Watson, spinster, surviving +sister and heir of Richard Watson, late of Horncastle, gent., +deceased, tanner, and his wife Elizabeth.” By her +marriage she had a son Francis Conington, who as nephew of +Richard Watson, was the sole executor of his will and +testament. The principal deed has the following external +inscription: “Title deeds of the school, signed, sealed and +delivered, by Benjamin Handley (afterwards called “of New +Sleaford”), <a name="citation108a"></a><a +href="#footnote108a" class="citation">[108a]</a> in the presence +of Williom Swallow, <a name="citation108b"></a><a +href="#footnote108b" class="citation">[108b]</a> supervisor, and +Abraham Hanson, of Horncastle.”</p> +<p><!-- page 109--><a name="page109"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +109</span>The following is the heading within, “Sealed and +delivered by Frances Conington, being first duly stamped, in the +presence of Caleb Preston, and Bowlin Kelsey of +Boston.” This is further confirmed, as follows: +“Sealed and delivered by Frances Conington, in the presence +of William Swallow, supervisor, and Abraham Hanson, of +Horncastle.”</p> +<p>Then follows a “Release of lands in Lincolnshire to +found a school (dated 22nd Sept., 1785), inrolled in His +Majesty’s High Court of Chancery, the 8th day of March, in +the year of our Lord 1786, being first duly stamped according to +the tenor of the statutes made for that purpose.” +(Signed) Thomas Brigstock.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p109b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Market Place" +title= +"The Market Place" +src="images/p109s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The seals attached to this are those of Frances Conington, +James Conington and Benjamin Handley. There is a note in +the margin that “James Conington came before me this day, +and acknowledged this to be his deed, and prayed the same might +be inrolled in His Majesty’s High Court of Chancery. +Robert Chapman, Master in Chancery.” Dated 6th March, +1786.</p> +<p>The actual terms of Richard Watson’s will are these: +“I am very desirous of establishing a small school within +the town of Horncastle, wherein the children of such poor +persons, as the Governors of the Grammar School <!-- page +110--><a name="page110"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +110</span>shall think objects of charity, may be taught to read, +knit, spin, and plain needlework, or sewing. I do therefore +hereby earnestly request, will, and direct, my nephew and +executor, after my decease, by deed, conveyance (&c.), to +convey, and assure, to the said Governors, and their successors, +for ever, all the lands situate in Croft, and all those +messuages, cottages, or tenements, within the yards and pingle +adjoining, situate in Far Street (now called West Street), +Horncastle; and also that part of now inclosed arable, meadow, +and pasture ground, lying in Wigtoft, containing 6 acres, 28 +perches, now in the occupation of my cousin, William Watson, with +appurtenances, upon the Trusts following, viz.: (1) to keep the +house (school) in good repair, and the residence (2) for the +maintenance of a proper master or mistress, to be from time to +time nominated by them, to teach such poor children, +&c.”</p> +<p>It is then added that “the said Richard Watson dying on +Sept. 30 (1784), the said Frances and James Conington, desirous +to fulfil his bequest, agree to convey to the use of the said +Governors, the said messuages, &c.” An Indenture +is added, witnessing “that on payment by Benjamin Handley +of ten shillings to Frances and James Conington, they have +granted, sold, and released” the aforesaid property, and +“appointed by these presents from the day next before the +date of the Indenture, all the said messuages, &c., called by +the name of the ‘ffoal thing,’ <a +name="citation110a"></a><a href="#footnote110a" +class="citation">[110a]</a> and that plot commonly called +‘Backside,’ the closes in Croft abutting on the +highway, and lands near the old sea bank; and land called the +‘bridge plot’ in Wigtoft (6 acres), assigned to +Richard Watson, by the award of the Commissioners appointed by +Parliament, in the 12th year of His Majesty, for enclosing common +and open fields (No. 40 in award map), with houses, barns, +curtilages, and woods, to be held by the Governors of the Grammar +School, the reversions, rents, &c., to the use of John +Thorold (and the Governors), <a name="citation110b"></a><a +href="#footnote110b" class="citation">[110b]</a> on trust, that +the said Governors collect the rents, &c., and apply them as +shall be required, from time to time, for poor children; and +shall have power to erect a new school house, or alter, enlarge, +&c., and to mortgage, &c., in order to provide suitable +(premises), spinning wheels, &c., and to make rules for +management, as shall to their judgment seem needed, agreeing with +the said Benjamin Handley, and his heirs, &c., subject in all +things to the Court of Chancery at Westminster.”</p> +<p>The present status of the school is as follows: The original +premises are still in use, standing in a retired position, in +“Watson’s Yard,” about 50 yards from West +Street; they consist of school buildings, play yard, and +teacher’s residence. In 1835 the school was enlarged +and repaired. In 1895 it was further improved by the +removal of bedrooms above, when it was opened up to the roof; at +the same time a commodious classroom was added at the east +end. Accommodation was thus provided for 120 +children. The increase in scholars necessitated an increase +in the teaching staff, and the Head Teacher, Mrs. Robert +Marshall, who was appointed in 1885, has, since these +alterations, been assisted by an Under Mistress and two +Monitors.</p> +<p>The scholars are of both sexes, and between the ages of three +years and seven. The school is conducted on Church of +England principles, and <!-- page 111--><a +name="page111"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 111</span>examined by +both Diocesan and Government Inspectors; a Government Grant being +earned to supplement the funds of the Watson bequest. The +scholars are taught reading, writing and arithmetic, with the +various kindergarten subjects. The Secretary to the +Charity, H. Tweed, Esq., Solicitor, of Horncastle, pays half the +rents to the Lincoln County Council, for teachers’ +salaries, and retains the other half for repairs and incidental +expenses. All the other tenements in Watson’s Yard +are the property of the Charity.</p> +<h3>THE LANCASTERIAN & THE BELL SCHOOLS.</h3> +<p>Beside the endowed schools, already described, the Grammar +School for the middle and upper class, and Watson’s School +for the children of the poorer classes; there were two other +schools before the present National Schools came into existence, +the history of which is of some interest. Weir, in his +<i>History of Horncastle</i>, says “a school, on the +Lancasterian, or British system, was established at a public +meeting, held in October, 1813; and, a few days later, a meeting +was held at the church, when it was resolved to establish a +school on the plan of Dr. Bell. Both buildings were erected +in 1814, supported by voluntary contributions, each for about 200 +children.” <a name="citation111"></a><a href="#footnote111" +class="citation">[111]</a></p> +<p>This needs some explanation. Dr. Andrew Bell was an East +Indian Company’s Chaplain, stationed at Fort St. George, +Madras, in 1789. He noticed, in the course of his duties, +that in the native schools, beside the regular paid teachers, the +more advanced pupils were also employed to instruct younger +scholars; each pupil thus having a tutor, and each tutor a pupil; +a system by which both were enabled to learn faster, and led to +take more interest in their work, than would otherwise have been +generally possible. Being an enthusiast in educational +matters, he resigned his chaplaincy, with its good stipend, to +inaugurate, and himself carry on, a school for the children of +Europeans in the Presidency, on the same principles. The +result was so satisfactory that on his return to England, in +1797, he published an account of what he called the +“Madras, or Monitorial System,” and endeavoured to +introduce it in this country. Little progress, however, was +made for some time, beyond the establishment of a charity school, +on these lines, at St. Botolph’s, Aldgate, London, and a +school at Kendal, Co. Cumberland.</p> +<p>About the same date Joseph Lancaster, a young Quaker, set up a +school for poor children, before he was 19 years of age, in a +room lent to him by his father, in the Borough Road, Southwark, +and in a very short time he had nearly 100 under his +charge. He also adopted the monitorial method, but, as a +Quaker, omitting the Church teaching of the Bell schools. +Persevering in the work, he was received in audience by the King, +George III., who gave him encouragement. He then travelled +over the kingdom, giving lectures on the new mode of instruction; +which in consequence spread with rapidity. In 1798 he +taught about 1,000 boys, between the ages of 5 and 12 years, his +sisters teaching some 200 girls.</p> +<p>Objections were made to the indefinite character of the +religious teaching of a Quaker, by Professor Marsh, and others, +and the Bell schools, with their Church instruction, had by the +year 1818 become numerous. The services of Dr. Bell +himself, in the cause of education had been recognised, and +rewarded by a Canonry of Westminster. By the year 1828 +upwards of 200,000 children <!-- page 112--><a +name="page112"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 112</span>were being +taught on his system, and at his death, a few years later, he +bequeathed £120,000 to carry on the work which he had so +much at heart. <a name="citation112a"></a><a href="#footnote112a" +class="citation">[112a]</a></p> +<p>These two systems, the Lancasterian or unsectarian schools, +and the Bell or church schools, continued to increase in number; +there having been established in 1805 “The Royal +Lancasterian Institution,” otherwise called “The +British and Foreign School Society,” while the Bell system +was represented by “The Church of England National School +Society.”</p> +<p>The first Lancasterian or British School founded in +Horncastle, in 1814, was located in premises adjoining the Wong, +on the site afterwards occupied by the first Volunteer Drill +Hall. It was afterwards transferred to what is now called +Dog-Kennel Yard, occupying a building which had previously been a +theatre, and which was partly fitted up with sittings removed +from St. Mary’s Church, giving accommodation for 200 +children. Neither in its internal structure, however, nor +in its situation in an out-of-the-way back yard, was the former +theatre well adapted for school purposes; and although the late +Mr. Samuel Goe had in 1869 bequeathed a legacy to the school, +which rendered it almost independent of annual subscriptions, the +establishment of a much more commodious school by the Wesleyans, +in Foundry Street in 1860, affected it unfavourably, the number +of scholars gradually decreased, and it was finally closed in +1876. <a name="citation112b"></a><a href="#footnote112b" +class="citation">[112b]</a></p> +<p>The Bell, or Church School, also built in 1814, and +accommodating about 200 scholars of both sexes, formed the +nucleus of the present Church National Schools. These two +schools, the Lancasterian or British, and the Bell or Church +School, are the only public elementary schools, named in the +<i>Gazetteers</i> for many years, except the Watson Charity +School, already described.</p> +<p>Of the present Church National Schools, that for infants was +erected in 1860, that for boys in 1872, at a cost of about +£1,000, the original building being now the girls’ +school; the whole affording accommodation for 300 children. +These were, a few years ago, taken over by the Lindsey County +Council (in 1893), and are now under both Diocesan and Government +Inspection. <a name="citation112c"></a><a href="#footnote112c" +class="citation">[112c]</a></p> +<h3>THE SCIENCE & ART SCHOOL.</h3> +<p>With the establishment of Technical Schools this country may +be said to have entered on a new era, in national education, +which, in its development, may lead to results, the importance of +which can hardly yet be realized. The possibilities are +almost unlimited. A wide-spread network has been created, +which may bring even the humblest members of our artisan families +within its deneficial meshes, while also working at intervals, as +opportunities offer, in our remotest villages.</p> +<p>This great movement, curiously, originated from dissension in +Parliament, a remarkable illustration of the old adage, +“’Tis an ill wind that blows no one any +good.” In the year 1890 the Chancellor of the +Exchequer, in Lord <!-- page 113--><a name="page113"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 113</span>Salisbury’s ministry, <a +name="citation113a"></a><a href="#footnote113a" +class="citation">[113a]</a> introduced what was called “The +Local Taxation (customs and excise) Bill,” <a +name="citation113b"></a><a href="#footnote113b" +class="citation">[113b]</a> intended to empower County Councils +to buy up the licences of superfluous public houses, and to +compensate the publicans by grants of money. The funds for +this purpose were not to be a charge upon the local rates, but to +be provided by an increase of the duty on spirituous +liquors. Strange to say, this measure was so persistently +opposed by the temperance party, aided by others, who for the +moment acted with them, that the proposed use of the money, thus +raised, was at length abandoned, a considerable surplus, however, +being thus at the Chancellor’s disposal, after the +reduction of several other taxes, the remainder was handed over +to the County Councils, to be employed in the furtherance of +technical education. The money thus set apart was called +“the ear-marked money,” and the measure enacting it +was, somewhat unworthily, termed “The Whiskey +Bill.” Horncastle benefitted by a sum being placed to +the credit of the local authorities for the establishment of a +school of science and art; all such institutions in the county +being under the general direction of the organizing secretary, +Mr. S. Maudson Grant, residing in Lincoln.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p113b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Mary’s Square" +title= +"St. Mary’s Square" +src="images/p113s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 114--><a name="page114"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +114</span>At first classes were held in the Masonic Hall, Bank +Street; and in 1891 an efficient teacher, Mr. Mallet, was engaged +to give commercial instruction in arithmetic, shorthand, &c., +<a name="citation114a"></a><a href="#footnote114a" +class="citation">[114a]</a> and he was very successful in getting +pupils. In 1892 larger accommodation was required, and two +rooms were rented, over what is now the Bicycle Depot of Mr. +Sorfleet, at 14, East Street; and Mr. Switzer was engaged as +teacher of science and art, at a salary of £100 a year, +being allowed further to augment his income by taking private +pupils in certain other subjects. About the same time +£100 was spent on models, and other requisites; and by the +close of 1892, Tetford, Wragby, and Woodhall Spa having been +included in a general scheme for the district, it was found that +the pupils attending the classes already numbered 219; of whom 76 +were under Mr. Mallet’s instruction, 101 under Mr. Switzer, +including 39 school teachers in the neighbourhood, attending on +Saturdays; while 42 received special instruction from a qualified +teacher in dressmaking. Operations were also, in the same +year, extended to rural parishes, a meeting being held at +Woodhall Spa, on Feb. 10, presided over by the Rev. T. Livesey, +County Councillor, when a district embracing 20 parishes was +formed; Mr. Livesey being <i>ex officio</i> Chairman of +Committees, Canon J. Clare Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, appointed +as acting Chairman, and the Rev. J. Conway Walter, Rector of +Langton, Hon. Secretary.</p> +<p>This was followed by other meetings at Horncastle, at which, +in due course, plans were matured for both town and country +classes in various subjects. On the death of Mr. T. +Livesey, in 1894, Mr. Robert Searby, of Edlington, succeeded him +as County Councillor, and took a great interest in the school; +the late Mr. W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties Bank, was +elected Chairman, and for several years he rendered most valuable +service to the schools, being followed, on his decease in 1901, +by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, Solicitor, who had previously acted as +Treasurer. So far the whole scheme had been attended by the +most marked success in all departments.</p> +<p>In the year 1894 the numbers of pupils, and of the subjects +taught, had further increased; and it became necessary again to +move into more commodious premises. The large building in +Queen Street, which had been erected by the late Mr. F. Stevens, +of Gordon Villa, and was then occupied by Miss Morris, as a +school for young ladies, was rented, having two large classrooms +and a smaller one.</p> +<p>Among the teachers who followed was Miss Annie Foster, who +succeeded Mr. Switzer in July, 1895, and continued as head of the +Institution for nearly six years. She was a most +enthusiastic and energetic worker, and under her the schools +attained the highest point of success, both as regards the number +of pupils attending and the variety of subjects taught. The +school at this time had attained to the highest degree of +efficiency which it is ever likely to reach. Not only had +Horncastle pupils taken more prizes than those of any other +technical school in the Parts of Lindsey, but on the visit of the +Government Inspector, Mr. Minton, at the prize-giving in +September, 1896, he stated that the school occupied the third +place in all England. <a name="citation114b"></a><a +href="#footnote114b" class="citation">[114b]</a></p> +<p>In the year 1899 again the Inspector, on his examination in +October, reported its state as being “very +satisfactory,” and in that year grants were earned of +£140 from the County Council, £35 from South +Kensington Science <!-- page 115--><a name="page115"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 115</span>and Art department, £50 from +the Whitehall department, £12 from fees for science and art +teaching, £10 from the evening continuation classes, a +total of £247. Miss Foster was assisted by Miss M. E. +Edgar. A former pupil, Mr. C. H. Stevens, a native of +Horncastle, was also appointed Assistant Master, until he was +promoted to take charge of a technical school at +Folkestone. Mr. A. Blades, of the London University, Junior +Master of the Grammar School, was for a time an Assistant. +At the end of 1900 (Nov. 15) Miss Foster resigned, being promoted +to the head teachership of the Camden School of Art, in +London. Miss M. E. Edgar, who had been assistant teacher +for several years, was at this date appointed Head Teacher, in +the Science and Art department, Mr. C. W. Gott, of the Grammar +School, B.A. of London University, becoming Head Master of the +evening continuation school, and Mr. H. J. Haddock teacher of +shorthand.</p> +<p>It would not be possible, nor is it desirable, here to go into +full details as to all the work done; but as, in future years, it +may be interesting to have some record of the progress in the +earlier days of this Institution, and as the writer of these +pages has been closely connected with the school, from its first +inception, a summary of the more important particulars is here +given.</p> +<p>In the spring of the year 1896, a course of public lectures, +illustrated by lantern views, was given by himself, descriptive +of his own travels in Egypt, which were attended by full +audiences of junior pupils, and many adults. In 1897 he +gave a similar series of lectures on his travels in Palestine, +and these proving equally popular, a third supplementary course +was given by him in 1898.</p> +<p>In 1898 illustrated lectures were also given by the Rev. J. A. +Penny, Vicar of Wispington, on “The Abbeys and Castles of +England,” and as being very instructive on the subject of +architecture, these were largely attended. They were +followed by a course, which proved very interesting, given by Mr. +R. W. Clitherow, the Treasurer, descriptive of a walking tour +made by himself, among the scenery of the English lakes. He +also gave an instructive lecture on Canada.</p> +<p>In the spring of 1898 the Head Teacher, Miss Foster, gave a +series of lectures on “Physiography,” being an +account, the result of most careful study and practical +investigation, of the various geological formations and fossils +of the earth, illustrated by specimens largely of her own +collecting. <a name="citation115"></a><a href="#footnote115" +class="citation">[115]</a> These were very instructive, and +attended by a fairly numerous class of pupils.</p> +<p>Other valuable courses of lectures were given during this +early period of the school’s existence. In the autumn +of 1896 Dr. R. McLay, of Horncastle, was engaged by the Committee +to give lectures in the Masonic Hall, on “First Aid to the +Injured,” under the St. John’s Ambulance +regulations. The pupils, numbering 25, were afterwards +examined by Dr. G. M. Lowe, of Lincoln, when 23 of them passed as +entitled to St. John’s Ambulance Certificates. So +much interest was shewn in these lectures (to which policemen +were specially invited), that it was resolved, in the following +year (1897), that the services of Dr. McLay should be secured for +a repetition of them, with increased remuneration. They +were again given in the autumn of that year (beginning Oct. 18), +when 24 persons attended, of whom 16 presented themselves for +examination, which was again held by Dr. Lowe, all of whom passed +with credit, and gained <!-- page 116--><a +name="page116"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 116</span>ambulance +certificates. We give these particulars as shewing the +value of the work done at this period.</p> +<p>Similarly valuable instruction has been given in later years, +but, with diminished funds available, and classes smaller, owing +doubtless to the exhaustion in some degree of the stream of +candidates for instruction, compared with its flush at the outset +of the school’s existence, fewer lectures on these extra +subjects have been given; and instruction has been confined to +more ordinary, but not less useful, work, in drawing, geometric +and from models; modelling in clay, painting in water colours and +oils, book-keeping, arithmetic, shorthand, French, and so +forth.</p> +<p>To show that the school has continued to do good work, we may +state that on January 25, 1906, a meeting was held for the annual +prize giving, when close upon 70 pupils, of both sexes (69), +received rewards, several of them for success in four or five +different subjects. For the year 1905–6 the school +received a grant of £100 from the County Council, £25 +from the Horncastle Urban Council, and the fees of pupils paid +about half the expenses.</p> +<p>We now give a brief account of the more important of the work +carried on during the same period in the country parishes. +In March, 1892, the first “pioneer” lecture was given +at Woodhall Spa, on Horticulture, by Mr. Horace Huntly, lately in +charge of the Duke of Bedford’s gardens at Woburn Abbey, +Beds. This was well attended, and the instruction given was +most useful, for the better cultivation of cottagers’ +gardens. This was followed by a course of three lectures on +the same subject, in March of the succeeding year. In April +of the same year (1892), a series of six lectures were given at +Stixwould and Horsington, by Miss Kenealy, of the National Health +Society, on the subject of home nursing, and treatment in cases +of accident, fevers, &c. These also proved so +instructive that she was engaged to repeat them in the summer of +the following year; and they were given in eight different +parishes, beginning with Langton on June 5th; the attendances +being very large, in one case 70 being present.</p> +<p>Mr. Robert Jalland, Surgeon, of Horncastle, also gave a +lecture at Kirkby-on-Bain, in April of the same year, on the +subject: “How to secure healthy homes,” which was +very instructive and well attended, over 40 being present. +In the autumn of that year a series of five lectures on Cookery +were given by Mrs. Pierce, of the National Health Society, at +four centres, Roughton, Thimbleby, Horsington, and Minting, +beginning on Oct. 10th, and continued weekly. These were +considered so instructive that the Secretary, having made notes +of them, was requested to have 500 copies printed, for free +distribution, which was done.</p> +<p>In January of 1893 lectures on butter-making, with practical +demonstrations, were given by Miss Carter, a professional teacher +with certificate of the B.D.F.A., in nine parishes, from Jan. +12th to 24th. Lessons in sheep shearing were given in May, +at eight centres, Roughton, Kirkstead, Woodhall, Langton, +Wispington, Stixwould, Bucknall, and Thimbleby, the teachers +being Mr. S. Leggett of Moorhouses, Boston, and Mr. R. Sharpe of +Horsington; prizes of £1 and 10/- being given to the most +proficient pupils.</p> +<p>In 1894 lessons were given in hedge plashing, on Mr. +Gaunt’s farm at Waddingworth, in November, the teacher +being Mr. H. Butler of Greetham, money prizes being given. +Lessons in under-draining were given on Mr. Carter’s farm +at Bucknall, in December, the teacher being Mr. W. Scott of +Hatton, money prizes being also given.</p> +<p>In 1895 lectures on poultry keeping were given in February, by +Mr. E. <!-- page 117--><a name="page117"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 117</span>Brown, F.L.S., and Mr. F. Parton, at +five centres; and they also visited various farmyards in the +neighbourhood to give practical advice; these lessons were well +attended. Lessons in horse shoeing were given at +Horncastle, for the neighbourhood, by Mr. J. B Gresswell, +M.R.V.C., of Louth, in May and June, at which nine blacksmiths +attended; certificates of the National Association of Farriers +being awarded. Lessons on sheep shearing were given at +Thimbleby, Kirkstead, and Bucknall, in June, the teacher being +Mr. R. Sharpe of Horsington. Dairy lessons on butter making +and stilton cheese production were given by Miss Carter, at +Woodhall Spa, Kirkby-on-Bain, Minting, and Reed’s Beck, in +October and November. Lessons in under-draining were given +on Mr. F. W. Scott’s farm, at Bucknall, in December, the +teacher being Mr. W. Scott of Hatton, and money prizes +given. Two lectures on bee keeping were given at Woodhall +Spa, in November, 1895, by Mr. W. J. Banks of the Grammar School, +Wragby, which were well attended; the same gentleman also giving +a practical demonstration of the same, by request, at the Manor +House, Woodhall Spa, in August of the following year (1896).</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p117b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Bridge Street" +title= +"Bridge Street" +src="images/p117s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>In 1896 Hedge Plashing lessons were given, in January, at +Stixwould, Bucknall, and Horsington, the teacher being Mr. W. +Scott of Hatton. The Head Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant, +was present and said he was “much <!-- page 118--><a +name="page118"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 118</span>pleased +with the work done.” Lessons in stack thatching were +given, in September, in the yards of Mr. H. N. Coates, of +Langton, Mr. R. Roberts, of Thimbleby, and Mr. S. Harrison, of +Roughton, to ten candidates, the teacher being Mr. Isaac Storey, +of West Ashby. These extended over four days, and were +pronounced by the General Secretary, Mr. S. Maudson Grant, of +Lincoln, to be “highly satisfactory.” In +November lessons in under-draining were again given by Mr. W. +Scott, of Hatton, on the farm of Mr. Joseph Clifton, of +Horsington, to two classes of candidates, those over and those +under 24 years of age, and were well attended.</p> +<p>In 1897 hedge plashing lessons were given in February, on the +farm of Mr. S. Harrison, of Roughton, also by Mr. W. Scott, on +three days, to two classes, over and under 24 years of age, being +also well attended; prizes of 25/-, 20/-, and 15/- being given to +each class; and two extra prizes of 7/6.</p> +<p>Poultry lectures were given, also in February, extending over +six days, at Mr. Bates Leedale’s farm, at Woodhall, and at +Mr. W. H. Holmes’, of Minting House, by Mr. W. Cook, the +well-known chicken breeder, and originator of the breed named +“Orpingtons,” of Orpington House, St. Mary Cray, Kent +(since deceased). These lectures created the greatest +interest; the audiences were crowded, at one lecture there being +127 present; and as he visited many farmyards to give advice, and +several farmers bought valuable chickens from him, his visit may +be said to have materially improved the breed of fowls in the +neighbourhood.</p> +<p>In May of this year, 1897, it was decided at head-quarters to +make a change in the process of operations. Hitherto +instruction in the country parishes had been provided through the +Committee of the Science and Art School, at Horncastle, but from +this date each parish was to have its own Technical Education +Committee, elected annually, with the other parish officials; and +these were to apply direct to the Head Secretary, at Lincoln, for +such instruction as they might think desirable, parishes uniting +for this purpose if they chose to do so. More money than +heretofore was now being expended on the Science and Art School +in Lincoln, and the grants for the country lessons were now +greatly reduced. Of this country instruction no record was +henceforth kept at Horncastle, and no detailed account can +therefore be given here; the lessons have been mainly confined to +hedge plashing, ploughing, under-draining, and such other +practical subjects as suited the farmer, or agricultural +labourer.</p> +<p>In conclusion it may be said that although it is yet too early +to prophecy, it would seem that a great future lies before us in +the development of education. Co-ordination of work between +(as we have at Horncastle) the endowed Infant School, the +National Schools, Technical Schools, and the +“secondary” Grammar School, with higher-grade +colleges, should furnish a kind of educational ladder, by which +the child of the artizan, or rustic, may rise from the humblest +position to the highest, if he has the ability, and the will, to +avail himself of the opportunities thus placed within his +reach. It is hardly too much to say that the result may +well be, that in the keen rivalry of nations, which characterizes +the present age, England should thus be enabled to more than hold +her own in the struggle of industrial life.</p> +<h2><!-- page 119--><a name="page119"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 119</span>CHAPTER VIII.<br /> +THE DISPENSARY</h2> +<p>May well be said to be the most important charity in the town, +not only from the valuable services which it has, through many +years, rendered to the suffering poor, but because it was a +pioneer institution of its kind; while the area of its usefulness +has probably been more extensive than that of any similar charity +in the county.</p> +<p>Dispensaries were established at Louth in the year 1803, at +Lincoln in 1826, at Grantham in 1838, at Boston in 1852, at +Market Rasen in 1857; but Horncastle was in advance of the +earliest of these by more than a dozen years. Further, the +records of the charity shew, that, in the early years of its +existence, patients were here treated from places so distant as +Spilsby, Friskney, Wainfleet, Trusthorpe, Theddlethorpe, Alford, +Fotherby, Marsh Chapel, Saltfleetby, Boston, Lincoln, Sleaford, +Grantham, and even beyond the county, from Loughborough, Hull, +and Beverley.</p> +<p>This, it may be explained, was mainly due to the fact that it +was virtually the creation of a man who was, in many matters, in +advance of his time, that great public benefactor, Sir Joseph +Banks, Bart., of Revesby Abbey, who held the Manor of Horncastle, +and took the greatest interest in the welfare of the town and +neighbourhood.</p> +<p>At a preliminary meeting held at the Bull Inn, Horncastle, on +Wednesday, Oct., 28, 1789, it was resolved, apparently on his +initiative, to establish a dispensary; and this took formal shape +on Dec. 3rd following, when the governing body was elected, +consisting of Sir Jos. Banks, President, with Vice-Presidents the +Honble. Lewis Dymoke, King’s Champion, Thomas Coltman, +Esq., William Elmhirst, Esq., Treasurer, and Richard Clitherow, +Gent., legal adviser; the Honorary Physicians being Edmund +Laycock, M.D., and Edward Harrison, M.D., with Mr. John Chislett +as Surgeon and Apothecary.</p> +<p><!-- page 120--><a name="page120"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +120</span>A code of rules was drawn up, which, with occasional +revisions, to suit changing circumstances, remain substantially +the same to the present day. A donation of 10 guineas +constituted a life Governor, a legacy of the like amount gave the +trustee paying it the same privilege. An annual +subscription of one guinea made the subscriber a Governor during +the year. Church or chapel collections of two guineas +secured governorship for the year to the minister, and an +additional Governor for each two guineas so collected. The +officials were to be a President, Vice-Presidents, and Treasurer, +elected annually at a special meeting of the Governors. +Other regulations, as to patients and their attendance, numbered +between 40 and 50.</p> +<p>The institution was to be open on Tuesdays and Saturdays from +11 a.m. till noon, when the medical officers would prescribe for +patients, attending with a governor’s nomination. +Those unable to attend should be visited at their homes. As +a small practical beginning the wooden framework of a shop was +bought at Wainfleet, for the small sum of 5/5; and drugs were +ordered from the firm of Wallis & Stockton, of York; and a +further supply obtained from Messrs. Skeen & Peale, of +London.</p> +<p>The first building, which was used from 1789 till 1867, was +No. 2 on the south side of St. Mary’s Churchyard, being +rented for the sum of five guineas a year, until it was purchased +in Feb., 1810, for the institution, jointly by Dr. Harrison and +the Rev. John Fretwell, <a name="citation120a"></a><a +href="#footnote120a" class="citation">[120a]</a> for £111 +2s. 8d., the conveyance being effected by Mr. Clitherow at a +charge of £13 15s. 8d. Improvements were made in this +building, at a cost of £13 5s., in 1812, and of £27 +15s. 7d. in 1821.</p> +<p>Of the first physicians, Dr. Laycock resigned office in his +first year, on Sept. 29th, 1790; but Dr. Harrison continued his +duties for many years, only retiring on Oct. 11th, 1821, shortly +before his death. Although that gentleman carried on a +private asylum, for patients mentally affected, at his own +residence in West Street, <a name="citation120b"></a><a +href="#footnote120b" class="citation">[120b]</a> he took a great +interest in the Dispensary, and was indefatigable in his +attendances, often at his own inconvenience. Moreover his +pecuniary assistance was not small; as, besides sharing in the +purchase of the premises in St. Mary’s Churchyard, the +accounts shew that in 1820 he paid £27, and in the +following year £19 14s. 4d., for Dispensary expenses, which +sums were afterwards repaid to him by the Governors; and (as will +be shewn hereafter) he bequeathed at his death £100 to the +funds. A vote of thanks was passed to him at the annual +meeting of the Governors in September of 1821, for a further gift +of £21, with the expression of their regret that his +valuable services could no longer be given. Associated with +Dr. Harrison, in dispensary work, was Dr. Fawssett, appointed on +the resignation of Dr. Laycock, who loyally co-operated with that +gentleman for 33 years, and only survived him two years, dying on +Oct. 16th. 1823.</p> +<p>Since that time almost all the medical men of the town have, +in their <!-- page 121--><a name="page121"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 121</span>turns, rendered useful service to +the Dispensary. It would be invidious to single out any of +these as being more capable, or more devoted to the work, than +others; but we may mention one exceptional case, which all will +recognize. From an early period medical pupils were allowed +to visit the Dispensary, in order to study special cases, and the +treatment they received from qualified practitioners. Among +these was a young man, Mr. E. P. Charlesworth, who virtually here +received the early part of his medical education. He +afterwards, for some years, practised in Horncastle; and in Dec., +1807, a resolution of the Governors was passed, conveying to him +their warm thanks for his generosity in relieving poor patients, +often at his own expense, and for his readiness to receive them, +for consultation, at his own residence, and to make up drugs for +them at all hours. He subsequently removed to Lincoln, and +became a noted physician, whose reputation extended considerably +beyond the county. During 33 years he was one of the most +active medical advisers and patrons of the Lincoln Lunatic +Asylum; and, after his death in 1853, a statue of him, in white +marble, was erected in the grounds of that institution.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p121b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"High Street" +title= +"High Street" +src="images/p121s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>All these medical attendants at the Dispensary gave their +services gratuitously until, at a general meeting, held on April +23rd, 1878, a resolution was passed, that henceforth the two +doctors should each be paid £30 a year, which has been the +rule ever since. At that date the late Dr A. E. Boulton +resigned, and Mr. Robert Jalland and Dr. Haddon were the first to +receive this well-merited remuneration, attending to their duties +in alternate months.</p> +<p>Scattered about the minute books of the institution are +various notes, of some interest, from which we here give a +selection. On Feb. 23rd, 1790, the Rev. John Fretwell, +“sensible of the distresses of the sick poor, gave one and +a half guineas from the communion money, to be laid out in salop +sago and <!-- page 122--><a name="page122"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 122</span>Bowen’s sago powder, to be +distributed at the discretion of the faculty.” Nov. +27th, 1790, cases of small pox having occurred in the town, it +was resolved to inoculate all poor persons, free of charge; and +thereafter many names are given of those who underwent the +operation. With this we may compare the following entry as +indicating the progress of medical science during 12 years. +June 8th, 1802, an epidemic of small pox having occurred, and +“inoculation becoming general, the Governors recommend +vaccination.” A statement was printed for +circulation, that in 100,000 cases of vaccination, not one death +had ensued; that it was now practised in all parts of the world, +and favourably received, and that the National Institution of +France had pronounced it to be the greatest discovery of the last +century. <a name="citation122"></a><a href="#footnote122" +class="citation">[122]</a></p> +<p>Feb. 4th, 1792, has an entry, in no way bearing upon +dispensary work, but interesting as a memento of an old mode of +conveyance. The proprietors of the sedan chair asked +permission for it to be kept at the Dispensary, for which they +were willing to pay one guinea annually; and this was agreed to +at the next meeting of the Governors. This chair was let +out to convey ladies to evening parties in the town. It was +borne by two men, and was in use within living memory, as late as +“in the sixties.”</p> +<p>April 21st, 1792. A gift of apparatus for the recovery +of drowned persons, with a drag, was received from the Royal +Humane Society of London. A water bed was afterwards +purchased, which was let out for a small fee to poor patients, +temporarily bed-ridden.</p> +<p>On Nov. 28th, 1809, at a special meeting of the Governors, the +usefulness of the Dispensary was further extended by the +appointment of a midwife, to attend upon poor women in labor, +both in town and country, being paid from the funds of the +charity, a fee of 3/6 for each case; and from the year 1810 to +1829, inclusive, Mrs. Elizabeth Southwell is mentioned, from time +to time, as acting in that capacity. In the years 1829, 30 +and 31, owing to the increase in the number of patients, special +appeals were made to the landowners of the district for increased +support.</p> +<p>In July, 1834, a resolution was passed that doctors attending +patients at the Dispensary, might introduce pupils, to study +cases under their treatment; and, in one case, a lady applied for +permission to attend a course of instruction, in order that she +might be enabled to assist her husband in making up +medicines. From 1840 to 1894 drugs were supplied by Messrs. +Herring & Co., of London, but since that they have been +supplied by local chemists, who are subscribers.</p> +<p>In the autumn of 1840 there was an epidemic of scarlatina, and +of the 237 patients on the books, 50 were suffering from that +complaint. In consequence of the additional work thus +caused, the salary of the dispenser was raised from £40 to +£60 a year.</p> +<p>Again, with regard to a new source of income, among early +notices we find the following: that on Sept. 29th, 1790, the +first anniversary of the Dispensary’s formation, a sermon +was preached, on its behalf, at a service in the parish church, +by the Rev. John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby, and Chaplain to +his grace the Duke of St. Albans. This became an annual +observance, and has continued so ever since, the preachers being +selected with special care, and often from a considerable +distance. For instance, at the following anniversary, <!-- +page 123--><a name="page123"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +123</span>in 1791, the Rev. Everard Duckworth, LL.D., Prebendary +of Canterbury, was invited to preach, and he being unable to +undertake that office, the Rev. Peter Bulmer, Vicar of Thorpe, +officiated in his stead. Among other preachers named we +find the Rev. Basil Beridge, well-known for his works of charity, +Rector of Algarkirk, near Boston; the Rev. W. Goodenough, +Archdeacon of Carlisle; the Rev. E. R. Mantell, Vicar of Louth, +and other prominent clergy of the county.</p> +<p>How widely the institution was appreciated is shewn by the +number of leading persons who gave it their patronage. Sir +Joseph Banks was its warmest supporter, through life, regularly +attending the committee meetings, either as a Governor or +President, until his decease, June 19, 1820; and his example +brought to the meetings members of the Chaplin, Massingberd, and +Heneage families, Lord Yarborough, and others, at no small +inconvenience, from considerable distances.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p123b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Bull Ring" +title= +"The Bull Ring" +src="images/p123s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Among other Presidents have been the widowed Lady Banks; Lord +Yarborough, on several occasions; the Honble. and Rev. John +Dymoke; to whom succeeded the Honble. Henry, afterwards Sir Henry +Dymoke, Bart.; Lord Worsley; the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, M.P.; +J. Banks Stanhope, Esq. After the death of Mr. Stanhope, +Jan. 18th, 1904, it was resolved, at a special meeting of the +Governors, Jan. 28th, that the Secretary should record, among the +minutes, their regret at his death, and their high appreciation +of his <!-- page 124--><a name="page124"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 124</span>long and generous support. The +chairman was requested to send a copy of this to the Honble. Mrs. +Stanhope; and at a meeting held on March 31st, following, a very +kind letter in reply was read from Mrs. Stanhope, promising her +support in the future, in lieu of that of the deceased +gentleman. The chairman was again requested to convey to +her the thanks of the Governors, and Mrs. Stanhope was elected +and continued to be President until her death, October 25th, +1907.</p> +<p>Among Vice-Presidents have been two Earls Fortescue (father +and son); Lord Worsley: Sir Joseph Hawley, Bart.; J. Hassard +Short, Esq.; Earl Manvers; C. H. Massingberd Mundy, Esq.; General +Sir E. Brackenbury, Knight of Hanover; J. Lewis Ffytche, Esq.; +Capt. Dallas York, Lord Willoughby d’Eresby; Sir H. M. +Hawley, Bart.</p> +<p>For many years a ball was given in aid of the funds, in the +Assembly Room, Bull Hotel, Horncastle, which (with the exception +perhaps of the “stuff” ball at Lincoln) was the most +fashionably attended of any such gathering in the county. +Among the stewards of this ball we find the names of G. M. +Alington, Esq., of Swinhope Hall; Joseph Livesey, Esq., Stourton +Hall; C. Waldo Sibthorpe, Esq., Canwick Hall; G. F. W. Sibthorpe, +Esq.; Col. Sibthorpe, M.P.; the Right Honble. C. T. +d’Egremont, M.P.; E. Heneage, Esq., M.P.; Capt. Mansell, of +Well Hall; G. B. Langton, Esq., of Langton Hall; J. Banks +Stanhope, M.P.; Sir Montague Cholmondly, Bart.; Sir Charles H. J. +Anderson, of Lea, Bart.; Sir William Ingilby, Bart., Ripley +Castle, Yorks; Lord Yarborough; H. Handley, M.P., Sleaford; Lord +Amelius Beauclerk; Capt. Boucherett, North Willingham Hall; +Honble. Capt. Monson; Capt. Lionel Dymoke.</p> +<p>Among the lady patronesses were Lady Worsley, the Duchess of +St. Albans, Lady Mary Christopher, Mrs. G. W. Sibthorpe, Lady +Anderson, Mrs. Livesey, Lady Nelthorpe, Lady Dymoke, Lady Albinia +Pye.</p> +<p>These balls were discontinued, to the general regret, and to +the loss of the dispensary, after the year 1871; and to make up +for the loss Mr. J. Banks Stanhope in that year presented the +institution with a cheque for £20.</p> +<p>We close this list of officials, with a brief account of the +dispensers, on whom the efficiency of the institution largely +depended. They were usually qualified chemists, or surgeons +and apothecaries; and generally also acted as secretaries. +The first of these we have already named, Mr. John Chislett, to +him succeeded Mr. Lewis Bilton, secretary and compositor, +1793–1799; L. Barton, compositor, 1799–1801; G. Lunn, +compositor, 1801–1807; John Lenton, compositor, +1807–1809; William Morley, compositor, 1809–1810; +Thomas Taylor, surgeon apothecary, compositor, 1811–1826; +Thomas Snaith, Surgeon, 1826–1834; William Ward, surgeon +and apothecary, 1834–1839; W. Shepherd, 1839–1840 (ad +interim); Francis Macarthur, <a name="citation124"></a><a +href="#footnote124" class="citation">[124]</a> dispenser, +1840–1865; William Caunt, dispenser, 1865–75; William +Betts, Chemist and Druggist, 1875, Lady-day; elected secretary +Nov. 2nd, 1882; his services have extended over a longer period +than those of any previous dispenser.</p> +<p>On the death of the Champion, Sir Henry Dymoke, Bart., April +28th, 1865, the Governors resolved to erect a new dispensary, as +a memorial of his long connection with the charity. +Circulars were issued inviting subscriptions, and, among other +donors, Robert Vyner, Esq., of Gautby Hall, gave £200; <!-- +page 125--><a name="page125"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +125</span>the site of 52, North Street, was purchased, and the +present building was erected in 1866. In 1867 the old house +in the churchyard was sold for £142 11s. 4d., and the new +premises were occupied in the autumn of that year. It was +built from the designs of Messrs. Bellamy & Hardy, +Architects, of Lincoln, the contractor for the work being Mr. +Robert Carter, Builder, of North Street, Horncastle. The +original contract was for £765, but the ultimate cost, with +furniture, lawyer’s expenses, &c., amounted to +£1,026 10s. 11d. It is subject to a ground rent of +£1 to the Stanhope estate.</p> +<p>Of late years the support, by subscriptions, has on several +occasions been inadequate. In January, 1899, there being a +deficit of £70, the late Mr. J. Banks Stanhope gave the +Governors a cheque for that amount. In the year 1905, there +being again a serious deficit, application was made to the +trustees of the Hurstcroft and Snowden charity, and they +contributed £20 on condition that 25 poor children should +receive medical treatment free of charge. A further sum of +£53 14s. remaining as a surplus, in the hands of the Soup +Kitchen Committee, was also given to the funds. Canon +Quarrington, formerly Vicar of Horncastle, also contributed +£20; and other donations made up a relief fund of +£106 (see Report for the year). The debt was thus +wiped out, but death having carried off many former subscribers, +increased support will be needed in the future.</p> +<p>Legacies have been bequeathed to the institution by various +persons, at different times, as follows: Dr. Harrison, by will +dated Feb. 5th, 1820, left £100; the late H. J. Fielding, +Esq., who died Aug. 10th, 1879, left by will £100; in 1884 +the late Mr. T. Garfit bequeathed £100; ten £10 +shares in the railway were bequeathed by Mrs. Fox Marshall in +1897; £100 was bequeathed by Mr. J. W. Hart, of Tetford, in +1900; Mr. John Bancroft left £50 in 1905; £357 were +invested in Consols and £200 in railway shares, in 1899; a +portion of this was sold in 1902, and £300 were invested in +the Corn Exchange; the Dispensary premises were also insured for +£800, instead of £600, in the County Fire Office, in +1902.</p> +<p>It will thus be seen that although the operations of the +institution no longer embrace the extended area of the early +years of its existence, it is still doing a most valuable work in +the alleviation of suffering among the poor and needy, in both +town and country for many miles round, and is thoroughly +deserving of the increased support, which is required, to +continue its efficiency. We trust that this will be +recognized by the land owners and others, and that such +assistance will be forthcoming.</p> +<h2><!-- page 126--><a name="page126"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 126</span>CHAPTER IX.<br /> +THE CANAL.</h2> +<p>The Horncastle Canal, connecting for commerce the town with +the river Witham, and so with Lincoln, Boston, and the sea, +though now a derelict, was formerly of much value. Its +history is here given from its earliest inception.</p> +<p>Horncastle having been for some centuries the chief market of +an important agricultural district, an association was formed +towards the close of the 18th century, with the title “The +Company of Proprietors of Horncastle Navigation, in the County of +Lincoln.” This was, in the year 1792, incorporated by +an Act of Parliament, which gave a list of the names of the +original members, and secured to them, and to their successors, +perpetual possession of the same, and a common seal. The +canal was to be 11 miles long, extending from the junction of the +two rivers, Bain and Waring, which traverse the town and meet at +the point where now stands the public swimming bath, to the +Witham at Tattershall; and passing through the parishes of +Thornton, Martin, Dalderby, Roughton, Haltham, Kirkby, Coningsby, +and Tattershall.</p> +<p>The company had at first a capital of £15,000 in +£50 shares, no member being allowed to hold less than one +share or more than 20. The surveyors for the undertaking +were Messrs. Robert Stickney and Samuel Dickinson.</p> +<p>When about two-thirds of the work was completed this capital +was exhausted; and in the year 1800 a second Act of Parliament +was obtained, which authorised the raising of a supplementary sum +of £20,000 in shares of £50; additional members being +enrolled, and mortgages raised on the tolls. The whole +profits of the concern, for several years, were absorbed in +paying off the debt thus contracted, so that no dividend accrued +for the shareholders until the year 1813. The channel, from +Horncastle to Dalderby, was an entirely new cut, the rest being +the river Bain deepened and straightened in its course. It +was adapted for the passage of vessels of 50 tons burden; and in +the whole length of 11 miles there was a fall of 84 feet.</p> +<p><!-- page 127--><a name="page127"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +127</span>The original rate of charges was 2/- per ton for the +whole length of the canal, 1/9 to the seventh lock, and 1/3 to +the fourth lock; vessels laden with lime, manure, or material for +roads, were granted free passage. <a name="citation127"></a><a +href="#footnote127" class="citation">[127]</a> By the +second Act of Parliament, in 1800, the charges were raised to 3/3 +per ton for the whole length of the canal, 2/7 to the seventh +lock, and 1/6 to the fourth lock; lime, manure, and road material +being exempted, as before.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p127b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Canal" +title= +"The Canal" +src="images/p127s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The whole structure was completed in the autumn of 1802, and +the canal was formally opened on Friday, Sept. 17th of that +year. The occasion was observed as a general holiday by the +towns-folk. At one o’clock the boats the Betsy of +Horncastle, and the Martha of Dalderby, the property of Messrs. +Gilliat & Wilson, and the British Queen, owned by Mr. Boyers, +were hauled into the two basins of the canal, elaborately +decorated with colours, amid the cheers of spectators, who are +said to have numbered more than 2,000. The vessels having +been brought to, several salutes were fired, and a band of music, +on the pleasure boat of Mr. Lane, played “God save the +King,” “Rule Britannia,” “Hearts of +Oak,” &c. Having traversed some distance on the +<!-- page 128--><a name="page128"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +128</span>canal the company afterwards landed at the wharfs on +the two branches, and a large number of the shareholders partook +of a festive repast at the Greyhound Inn, East Street, near the +south basin. The navvies and other workmen who had been +employed in the construction of the canal, were also regaled on +the boats, and afterwards feasted at the Greyhound.</p> +<p>In following years an excursion was made annually by the +Directors, conveyed down the canal, in a fine barge, which was +their own property, named “The Lady Banks,” in order +to inspect its condition; and this was followed by a public +dinner at the Bull Hotel, which continued to be an established +institution during the period of the canal’s +prosperity.</p> +<p>The shares quickly rose considerably in value; a great number +of barges came to the town, and it was no uncommon occurrence to +see the whole distance from the South bridge to the Bow bridge +packed closely with heavily laden vessels, carrying coals, grain, +or other merchandise. In 1836 it was computed that about +30,000 quarters of wheat, and 3,000 packs of wool, passed through +the canal annually; and in 1850 the profits of the traffic +amounted to about £2,000 a year.</p> +<p>Consequent on the opening of the railway in August, 1855, the +canal, as a means of goods conveyance, gradually became disused, +until, of late years, it has become worse than a mere derelict, +since it forms an obstruction to the free passage of the water +brought down by the two rivers, and after heavy rain it has led +to temporary inundations of the town, to the great inconvenience +of those residing near it, as well as interfering, as might in +some circumstances be serious, with the sanitary +arrangements.</p> +<p>A few years ago an attempt was made to restore the canal +traffic, but the railway monopoly had become too thoroughly +established, and the project failed; yet the competition, could +it have been maintained, might have had a salutary effect upon +the cost of railway conveyance, to the advantage of the general +public.</p> +<p>Our canals, it should be remembered, are a time-honoured +institution; the Lincolnshire Cardyke and Fossdyke date from the +period of the Roman occupation of this country. The Magna +Charta of the early 13th century took cognizance, not only of the +roads, called “The King’s Highway,” but also of +inland navigation, under the term “Haut streames de le +Roy.” The latter half of the 18th century was +remarkable for great achievements as regards internal waterways, +notably in the Bridgewater Canal, and the Grand Junction Canal of +London; and to this period, as we have seen, the Horncastle Canal +belongs.</p> +<p>In this twentieth century, again, notwithstanding the great +railway facilities, there is a wide-spread movement in favour of +extended water traffic, headed by the very successful Suez Canal; +with a prospect of the sister channel of Panama. Berlin is +said to owe its prosperity largely to its well-organized system, +connecting the rivers Oder, Elbe, Spree, &c., which have an +annual traffic of some million and half tons. Our own +Manchester Ship Canal is another instance; the most recent case +being fresh developments of the Aire and Calder Navigation, in +South Yorkshire. The canals, too, which have been recently +constructed in India, are yielding, by the latest reports, <a +name="citation128"></a><a href="#footnote128" +class="citation">[128]</a> a handsome revenue to the Government, +as well as greatly benefiting the native population.</p> +<p><!-- page 129--><a name="page129"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +129</span>It is acknowledged that a more general use of +waterways, throughout the kingdom for the cheaper transport of +our heavier and more bulky produce, would be a national boon; and +a Royal Commission was engaged in considering the subject of the +acquisition of all canals as Government property. <a +name="citation129a"></a><a href="#footnote129a" +class="citation">[129a]</a></p> +<p>It is now being more and more recognised that, on the +establishment of railways, everyone jumped too hastily to the +conclusion that the days of canals were over; whereas, in truth, +there is still a large field, probably an increasing field, for +the cheaper traffic in heavy goods, which canals can provide +for. The Belgian town of Bruges, though situated several +miles inland, is now to be converted into a port by the +government of that country, through the creation of a canal, +which is expected to increase the prosperity of that city. +Similarly it is suggested that our own town of Nottingham could +be made a great inland port, if water carriage were provided; and +Sir John Turney, before the Royal Commission, has recently (July, +1907) stated that the trade of that town might thus be greatly +increased. These, be it remembered, are not isolated +cases.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p129b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"On the Canal" +title= +"On the Canal" +src="images/p129s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>As to our own local interests, we may reasonably regret that, +after so much money being invested in the Horncastle Canal, and +the serious losses incurred by so many investors, no further +effort should be made to utilize it. The trade of +Horncastle is not so satisfactory but that we might welcome every +adjunct, which could in any way contribute to its furtherance; +while, even from an æsthetic point of view, it were +desirable that, with the present dilapidated locks, and the banks +in some places broken, the channel, which is in parts little more +than a shallow bed of mud, befouled by garbage and carrion, or +choked by a matted growth of weeds, should be superceded by a +flow of water, pure and emitting no pestiferous exhalations.</p> +<h3><!-- page 130--><a name="page130"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 130</span>THE RAILWAY.</h3> +<p>In few things has there been more remarkable evolution, or we +might even say, revolution, than in our methods of +locomotion. In these days of historic pageants we might +well conceive of a series of scenes passing before us, shewing +the means adopted at different periods, or under different +conditions, in this respect. The war-chariot of Queen +Boadicea, charging the legions of Cæsar, or (in our own +neighbourhood) that of the British warrior Raengeires, routing +his Saxon foes, at Tetford, with their wheels of solid wood and +other massive carpentry, would form a, then inconceivable, +contrast to the future taximeter cab, to be evolved in this 20th +century.</p> +<p>The lumbering “wain” of the Saxon churl, though +still surviving in the name of a constellation, befitted only an +age little advanced beyond barbarism.</p> +<p>The primitive “shout” (Dutch +“schuyt”), or “dug-out” boat, hollowed by +Celtic flint-axe from the bole of a mighty oak, and slowly +propelled by the almost wild Girvian, through the tangle of fen +morass, had but a remote connection with the steam packet which, +within living memory, plied on the neighbouring Witham, between +Boston and Lincoln. Although the speed of the latter was so +slow, that (as a friend of the writer has done) a pedestrian, +travelling by road, could reach either of those places, from our +town of Horncastle, in less time than it took to go by +carrier’s van to Kirkstead wharf, and thence by the said +steamer.</p> +<p>While, again, both these would provoke only a smile of +contempt in the voyager who now crosses the atlantic, at a rate +of 20 knots or more in the hour. Then, again, compare with +these the cyclist, who now flashes past us with the speed of +lightning; or the motorist, who vanishes from our sight, almost +before the dust he has raised is blown away.</p> +<p>Another humbler mode of progress, again, was a familiar sight +in our boyhood, when the farmer’s wife jogged contentedly +to market, seated on a pillion, behind her husband, and carrying +her butter, eggs, or chickens, in roomy market baskets by her +side. Even the gig, to carry two, of the better bucolic +class, has now become obsolete, as the train pours out, at the +station, its living stream of market folk, male and female, +within a few minutes of leaving their own doors several miles +away.</p> +<p>As to our country roads we are, it is true, well supplied with +them, but a pageant view of the past, such as we have here +conceived, would reveal to us our British forefathers, toiling, +in wearied gangs, under Roman task-masters, at the forced labour +of road making; by which the town’s markets and chartered +fairs were to be accessible, from all directions, for generations +yet unborn. In our present iron ways, we might well suppose +that we have attained the highest evolutionary stage in +expeditious traffic; but who, indeed, shall venture to gainsay, +that as a sequel to our wireless telegraphy, we may one day +eschew the mundane altogether, and become a race of +aeronauts.</p> +<p>The Great Northern loop line, connecting Boston and Lincoln +with Peterborough and Grantham, and so with the further north and +south, was opened in October, 1848. At that date, except +the “Navigation” for heavy goods, such as corn, coal, +&c., there were only coaches, once a day, for public +conveyance to Boston, Lincoln, Market Rasen, and Louth. But +through the enterprise of Mr. Samuel Sketchley, of Horncastle, +Solicitor, of the old firm of Selwood and Conington, an Act of +Parliament was, not without difficulty, obtained, July 10th, +1854, for the construction of a branch line, running from <!-- +page 131--><a name="page131"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +131</span>Kirkstead to Horncastle; the importance of this event +being recognised by a joyous peal of the parish church bells +being rung, and crowds parading the streets, at 10 o’clock +at night, at which hour the news arrived. The next day the +rejoicings were continued, the bells of St. Mary’s Church +being again rung, while the tower of the church was adorned with +a tricolour flag, bearing the inscription “God speed the +railway,” and crowds again passed through the streets, +headed by the town band and a large tricolour standard.</p> +<p>The construction of the line was begun in April of the +following year, 1855; the contractors being Messrs. Smith & +Knight. The original capital of the company was +£48,000, in £10 shares, but the ultimate cost was +about £60,000. The G.N.R. Company undertook the +working, paying half the receipts to the shareholders; and as, +for the distance (about 7½ miles), the expenditure was, +compared with that of many such undertakings, small, so, as an +investment, the enterprise proved a profitable one, few lines +yielding so good a return for the outlay; the £10 shares +still (in 1907) sell at nearly half as much again (£14 17s. +3d., July, 1907).</p> +<p>A brief account may well here be given of the opening ceremony +of this important event in the town’s history, condensed +from the public journals of the day. The line was examined +by the Government Inspector, Colonel Wynn, and a few days later +Mr. Seymour Clarke, the G.N.R. manager, stated that it could not +be in a more efficient condition. The opening ceremony was +fixed for Aug. 12th, 1855. At an early hour the town was +crowded with visitors and shops were closed. At 7 a.m. +2,500 lbs. of beef were distributed among the poorer +people. Peals of bells were rung, the Horncastle and +Spilsby bands added their music of popular airs. The +streets and station were profusely decorated, under the direction +of Mr. Crowder, florist, Mr. John Osborne, parish clerk, Mr. +Archbould, head gardener to Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. Nelson from +Stourton Hall, and a local committee. Flags displayed the +arms of the town, those of Sir H. Dymoke, Mr. J. Banks Stanhope, +the Bishop of Carlisle, then lord of the manor, the Rose of +England, and the Union Jack. About noon a procession was +formed in the Bull Ring, to meet the Directors of the G.N.R., by +Mr. F. Harwood, master of the ceremonies, in the following +order:</p> +<p> </p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Navvy bearing bronzed pickaxe +and shovel.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Banner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Navvies, four abreast.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Banner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Two navvies, bearing +silver-gilt wheelbarrow.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Banners.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Horncastle Brass Band.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>Contractor.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Engineer.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Secretary.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Solicitor.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Auditor.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Auditor.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>Banners.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Directors, two abreast.</p> +<p>Churchwarden, Dr. B. J. Boulton.</p> +<p>The Vicar, Rev. W. H. Milner.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Banners.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Banners.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Shareholders and their friends, four abreast.</p> +<p>Spilsby Brass Band.</p> +<p>Parish Clerk, Mr. J. C. Osborne, in his robes, preceded by his +Standard Bearer.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Banners.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Banner.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Members of the various Clubs, with Banners.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Banner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Banner.</p> +</td> +<td><p>1,000 School Children, 4 abreast.</p> +</td> +<td><p>Banner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td><p>The Public.</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p><!-- page 132--><a name="page132"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +132</span>The procession marched from the Bull Ring to the +Railway Station, where the elders of the party on the platform, +and the children, with their banners, ranged on the opposite +side, awaited the arrival of the train bringing the G.N.R. +Directors, and as it drew up the bands played “See the +Conquering Hero comes.”</p> +<p>The procession, augmented by the directors, then re-formed, +and marched through the town; in the Bull Ring the National +Anthem was sung. A large marquee was erected in the grounds +of Mr. R. C Armstrong (now Mrs. Howland’s garden), +adjoining South Street, in which the contractors, Messrs. Smith +& Knight, provided for the directors and shareholders, and +other guests, in all over 200, a splendid dinner, served in +excellent style, by Messrs. Wilson and Serpell, of the Bull +Hotel. The Honble. Sir H. Dymoke presided, as Chairman of +the Horncastle and Kirkstead Railway Co.; being supported on his +right by Mr. Hussey Packe and Mr. C. Chaplin, Directors of the +G.N.R., Major Amcotts and Sir M. J. Cholmeley, and on his left by +J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., M.P., Director of the Horncastle +Railway, and Rev. W. H. Milner, Vicar. Congratulatory +speeches were made, and the day closed with a fine display of +fireworks.</p> +<p>Opened under such favourable auspices, and supplying a felt +need, the railway has continued to be a success; improvements +have been made, from time to time, in the stations at Horncastle +and Woodhall Spa. The line continues to be a single one, +but it is sufficient for the local requirements, and the shares, +as before mentioned, at the present time (1907) find a ready sale +at an advance of about 50 per cent. on their original +price. We might add that if the railway could be continued +to Spilsby, and then connected with the different lines running +to the Skegness, Mablethorpe and other health resorts on the +coast, its utility, and doubtless its paying value, would be +largely increased, as it would shorten the distance by many +miles.</p> +<h2><!-- page 133--><a name="page133"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 133</span>CHAPTER X.<br /> +WORKHOUSE OR UNION.</h2> +<p>We now notice the chief of those public institutions, and the +buildings connected therewith, which have been established in the +town, within more recent times, for its welfare, or its +adornment; in order to bring its corporate efficiency into more +complete accord with the advanced requirements of what may be +called modern municipal life. Among these the foremost +place, from its general importance, is naturally due to the +Union, or Workhouse; and here it is necessary to make some +preliminary remarks.</p> +<p>The workhouse, or union, for a large district is a +comparatively recent creation. “The poor” we +have had “always with” us, but they have not always +been dealt with as they now are. By statute 23 Edward III. +(1349), it was enacted that “none should give alms to a +beggar who was able to work.” By common law the +really deserving poor were to be assisted “by parsons and +parishioners, so that none should die for default of +sustenance.” By Act, 15 Richard II. (1392), +impropriators (<i>i.e.</i> laymen holding church property) were +bound to contribute a certain yearly sum to the poor of the +parish, but no compulsory law was passed till 27 Henry VIII. +(1536). The present poor law system dates from 43 Eliz. +(1601); successive amendment acts being passed from 1836 to 1847, +and again in 1861; and a further relief act in 1862.</p> +<p>At first parishes regulated their own methods and amounts of +relief. For a long period, indeed, the labouring class were +subject to strict legal rules, both as to service, and in their +individual movements. It was quite an innovation when, in +23 Henry VI. (1445), a servant was permitted to change masters +after giving due notice; and when moving, or, as it is locally +called, “flitting,” from one parish to another, for +employment, he had to produce a certificate of settlement from +his last abode. In such matters the overseers were +paramount, until their powers were transferred to the newly +constituted guardians of the poor, by Act of Parliament, in 1839. +<a name="citation133"></a><a href="#footnote133" +class="citation">[133]</a></p> +<p><!-- page 134--><a name="page134"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +134</span>The “workhouse” preceded the +“union,” which latter term was adopted when parishes, +throughout a large district, were <i>united</i> for the purposes +of poor relief. <a name="citation134a"></a><a +href="#footnote134a" class="citation">[134a]</a> In some +cases a country parish had its own workhouse. For instance, +old parish books of Thimbleby, <a name="citation134b"></a><a +href="#footnote134b" class="citation">[134b]</a> show that in +1819 £20 was spent upon the village workhouse, which was +insured for £200.</p> +<p>Among some old churchwardens’ records, in the possession +of Mr. John Overton, of Horncastle (members of whose family have +frequently held that office), it is mentioned that early in the +18th century a “public oven” was erected in the town +to enable the poor to cook their meals, or to bake the +“black bread,” then in common use, <a +name="citation134c"></a><a href="#footnote134c" +class="citation">[134c]</a> more conveniently than they could at +home. <a name="citation134d"></a><a href="#footnote134d" +class="citation">[134d]</a> At a later date (1780) a +spinning school was established by public rate, to help the poor +to earn a livelihood by a home industry. <a +name="citation134e"></a><a href="#footnote134e" +class="citation">[134e]</a></p> +<p>An important advance was made in poor relief, in 1735, when, +as the same records state, “on April 17 a committee was +appointed, <a name="citation134f"></a><a href="#footnote134f" +class="citation">[134f]</a> in Horncastle, to build a +workhouse,” and on May 7th in the following year a brief +note gives the cost of the building as being £175 13s. +4d. This was situated on the east side of St. Mary’s +Square, separated by a few yards from the Grammar School, the +site being now (1908) occupied by a common lodging house. +It continued to be the public workhouse for over 100 years; and +that the poor, who needed relief, were generally expected to +enter as inmates, is shewn by another brief note, in the same +records, to the following effect: “May 2nd, 1781. Out +payments discontinued, except in sickness.”</p> +<p>It was not till 1838 that the present workhouse, in Foundry +Street, was built, from the designs of Mr.—afterwards +Sir—Gilbert Scott, being one of his earliest undertakings +<a name="citation134g"></a><a href="#footnote134g" +class="citation">[134g]</a> It is a commodious structure, +capable of accommodating <!-- page 135--><a +name="page135"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 135</span>260 +inmates; and, with grounds attached, covers an area of between +four and five acres. It is now known as “The +Union,” and the union district embraces 69 parishes, +represented by 76 guardians, to whom, as already stated, the +former duties of the overseers were transferred in 1839.</p> +<p>The Rev. Canon A. E. Moore is the present Chaplain.</p> +<h3>THE COURT HOUSE.</h3> +<p>The majesty of the law has not always been so worthily +domiciled in Horncastle as during the last forty years. In +Stukeley’s map of the town, dated 1722, the Sessions House +is placed at the south-east corner of the “Mercat +Place,” where there now (1908) stands a small refreshment +house. The cells for prisoners probably formed the basement +of this building, as there is no known record of their being +confined elsewhere, until the year 1821, when what was called the +“Round House” was built, at the north-east corner of +the Market Place, opposite the present Lord Nelson Inn. +This was a small circular building, having two cells, with a +colonnade running round it, which formed a shelter for market +women selling butter, eggs, &c. The foundations of this +structure were so shallow that it is on record that a prisoner, +in the course of one night, scratched a passage under the wall +and effected his escape. <a name="citation135"></a><a +href="#footnote135" class="citation">[135]</a> This prison +was demolished in 1853, when the present police station <!-- page +136--><a name="page136"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +136</span>was built, facing the Wong, at a cost of £500, +having four cells, for 12 prisoners, and a residence for a +superintendent and constable.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p135b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Court House" +title= +"The Court House" +src="images/p135s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Some years later fresh premises were rented for the +magistrates, on the south side of the High Street, adjoining the +George Hotel, now extinct, though then a leading +establishment. That site is now occupied by the Lincoln and +Lindsey Bank.</p> +<p>In 1843 the magistrates’ office was transferred to what +is now 19, Bull Ring, part of the shop of Messrs. Robinson, +Drapers. All these premises proving inadequate for their +purpose, the present Court House was built in 1865, on the site +of the former parish stocks, the site, a slight rising ground, +being called “Stocks’ Hill,” at a cost of +£3,000. The architect was Mr. C. Reeves, of London, +the builder Mr. Huddleston, of Lincoln. The furniture was +supplied by Messrs. Pike & Wright, of Horncastle; gas +fittings by Mr. Murrell, of Chelsea.</p> +<p>In this handsome building, of white brick, there is +accommodation for many branches of public, local and county +business. As a possession the Court House is the property +of the Board of Works, in London, the county authorities paying +to them a rent of £10, for the use of it by the +magistrates.</p> +<h3>THE STANHOPE MEMORIAL.</h3> +<p>This handsome structure was erected under the following +circumstances. The Right Honble. Edward Stanhope, who had +represented the Horncastle Division in Parliament, with much +distinction, from the year 1874, died rather suddenly, as the +result of hard work, in his official capacity, on Dec. 22, 1893, +to the great grief of the entire constituency; when it was +universally felt that his services merited some public +recognition. Various meetings were held, and at length, on +Jan. 22nd, 1897, at a gathering in the Masonic Hall, a committee +was appointed to carry out the scheme. The design of the +Memorial was intrusted to the architect, Mr. E. H. Lingen Barker, +of Hereford, Messrs. Walter & Hensman, of Horncastle, being +the contractors for the work.</p> +<p>The ceremony of inauguration was performed by J. Banks +Stanhope, Esq., formerly M.P. for the Division, on Feb. 2nd, +1899, in the presence of the Earl and Countess Stanhope, and +other distinguished persons on the platform, and a vast crowd +from the neighbourhood filling the entire Market Place. +This was followed by a public luncheon in the Corn Exchange.</p> +<p>The site chosen was the centre of the Market Place, as that, +along with the market dues, had been made over to the town as a +free gift, by the Right Honble. gentleman, as Lord of the +Manor. The following is the official description of the +monument, as published at the time of its erection. The +structure is 31-ft. 6-in. in height. It stands on a massive +foundation of concrete; with three tiers of Yorkshire stone +steps, each 15-in. wide, running round the base leading up to the +monument proper, their shape being octagonal. With the +exception of two strings of Dumfries’ red stone, the lower +part is of Monk’s Park stone. Above this is a moulded +string course, and on each face are shafts of Aberdeen red +granite, with moulded caps and bases. The panels are filled +with diaper work; and in each alternate panel are arms of the +Stanhope family, and the arms of the town, with an inscription to +the memory of the Right Honble. E. Stanhope, and a medallion, +with bust, in relief, of the same. These panels are +surmounted by moulded and carved cinquefoil panels, surmounted by +carved finials. Above these, again, are eight <!-- page +137--><a name="page137"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +137</span>columns of polished granite, supporting the +superstructure, and these also have eight trefoil dormers, +simpler than those below, each finished with a finial of gun +metal. Above these are eight gun metal columns, having +trefoiled heads, with foliated finials and moulded cornice; and +on these rests the spirette, constructed of oak and covered with +lead, with eight other dormers, which complete the whole. +The total cost was £552 12s. 3d., raised by subscriptions, +a small balance being handed over to the public Dispensary.</p> +<h3>THE CLERICAL CLUB.</h3> +<p>The Clerical Club was founded in 1822; a room was rented on +the premises of Mr. James Babington, Bookseller, in the High +Street (now occupied by Mr. J. S. Balding, Butcher), where the +members met for discussion, and gradually established a good +library.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p137b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Stanhope Memorial" +title= +"The Stanhope Memorial" +src="images/p137s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The first members enrolled were the Rev. the Hon. the +King’s Champion, John Dymoke, Rector of Scrivelsby; the +Revs. J. B. Smith, Head Master of the Grammar School; C. N. +L’Oste, Rector of Claxby; Francis Rockliffe, Rector of +Fulletby; Robert Spranger, D.D., Rector of Low Toynton (and of +Grosvenor Street, Grosvenor Square, London); John Mounsey, Rector +of Gautby; Thomas Roe, Rector of Kirkby-on-Bain; E. Brackenbury, +Rector of Aswardby; W. Dodson, Rector of Well; F. Swan, Rector of +Sausthorpe; and others holding benefices scattered over a wide +area, but several of them living in Horncastle.</p> +<p><!-- page 138--><a name="page138"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +138</span>The Club was formally opened in the following year, +when several more members were added; the Honble. John Dymoke +being elected President, Dr. Clement Madeley, Vicar of +Horncastle, Vice-President, with Dr. J. B. Smith as Secretary, in +which capacity he did valuable service, in increasing the +membership and adding to the efficiency of the institution, which +flourished for many years.</p> +<p>In later times, especially on the lamented death of Dr. Smith, +and the creation of circulating libraries, such as that of +Messrs. Mudie, in London, the numbers of subscribers fell off +considerably. The books were transferred to various +quarters; at first to the house of the late Mr. John Osborne, +parish clerk, himself no mean scholar and student, afterwards to +the residence of the head master of the Grammar School, where +they remained for some years, under successive masters, still +available for members of the club.</p> +<p>On June 8th, 1892, Canon Quarrington, Vicar of Horncastle, +Revs. J. C. Hudson, Vicar of Thornton, and J. Conway Walter, +Rector of Langton, were appointed a sub-committee, with +instructions to find a permanent club room, or to give the books +to the Lincoln Diocesan Library. In September of that year +Dr. Madge, Head Master, offered to keep the books, to act as +Librarian, and admit members to them two or three days a week in +his house.</p> +<p>In January, 1893, the present writer was commissioned with Dr. +Madge, to examine the books, when there was found to be 799 in +good condition, 69 missing. The Secretary of the Lincoln +Diocesan Library was communicated with, and at a meeting of the +committee of that library, held on Feb. 24, 1893, the offer of +the books was accepted, and they were in due course transferred +to that institution.</p> +<p>On May 17th, 1894, the Rev. J. Conway Walter, with three +others, was commissioned to obtain a supply of books from a +circulating library at Lincoln. Eventually Mudie’s +library was established at the shop of Mr. H. Willson, +Bookseller, Horncastle; Mr. W. K. Morton opened a subscription +library, and Messrs. W. H. Smith opened a book stall at the +station. These three still continue: the original Clerical +Club books being still available, with others, at the library in +the Chapter House of Lincoln Cathedral.</p> +<p>There was at one time a <i>Literary Society</i> in Horncastle, +which used to meet at the Bull Hotel, in a small room, now the +bar, beneath the large ball room, on a level with the +street. Among the most active members of this was John +Brown, the late, so-called, Horncastle “Poet +Laureate,” whose poems were published in 1890, by the Rev. +J. Conway Walter, in a volume entitled <i>Literæ +Laureatæ</i>, dedicated to Lord Tennyson. Another +prominent member was the late Mr. Thomas Baker, who was an +amateur actor and clever ventriloquist, as well as a great +cricketer. In his early years he was engaged by the father +of Sir Evelyn Wood to teach the village boys cricket in +Essex. His bowling was of the old roundhand style; in which +he bowled to Fuller Pilch, the greatest batsman of his day; and +also to Dr. W. G. Grace, now of the Crystal Palace; and, many +years ago, in a match against a crack 11, including three +University players and one professional, he bowled them all out +for 11 runs. He also bowled out the captain of the All +England Eleven with his first ball. He died Feb. 12th, +1903, aged 88.</p> +<h3><!-- page 139--><a name="page139"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 139</span>THE MECHANICS’ INSTITUTE.</h3> +<p>Mechanics’ Institutes were first established in the +earlier half of the 19th century. The first known was that +founded in London by the famous Dr. Birkbeck in 1823; another +being opened in the same year in Glasgow; after which they became +general. As Horncastle was in advance of other towns in the +county in its valuable Dispensary (see p. 119), so it would seem +to have preceded other towns, with the exception of Lincoln, in +catering for the growing taste for literature. The +Mechanics’ Institute was founded in the year 1834. It +was first located in Union Street, now called Queen Street, and +soon received the support of all classes. The building, +which consisted of one large room, was situated on the west side +of the street, on the site where now stands the private +residence, No. 18.</p> +<p>Soon after the erection of the Corn Exchange, in 1856, the +Mechanics’ Institute was transferred to that building; two +upper rooms being occupied, as library and reading room; the +former premises in Queen Street being sold to the late Mr. Joseph +Parish, who used them for sales, public meetings, dances, and so +forth, until in 1866 he erected on the site a private residence +for himself.</p> +<p>After some years the introduction of the above named branch of +the popular London Library of Messrs. Mudie & Co., at the +shop of Mr. Hugh Willson, Bookseller, in the Bull Ring, followed +by the subscription library of Mr. W. K. Morton, in the High +Street, and that of Messrs. W. H. Smith & Sons, at the +Railway Station, reduced the numbers of the subscribers to +“The Mechanics,” and it was removed to smaller +premises in Bank Street; and eventually this same cause led to +the Institute being closed. On January 14th, 1886, a +meeting was held in the library to determine its future, the +result being that the Secretary, Mr. W. Betts, and the members of +the committee resigned, Jan. 21st, and the books, &c., were +removed to a small chamber at the Gas House, in Foundry Street, +another small room there being used as a temporary reading +room. These were closed about the year 1894, the books +remaining stowed away. About the year 1899 an effort was +made by the late W. Brown, of the Capital and Counties’ +Bank, to get the books transferred to the Technical School in +Queen Street, of the committee of which he was chairman; with the +object that they might be once more rendered available for public +use; but this project fell through.</p> +<p>In 1905 the library was finally broken up by the late Mr. +Joseph Willson, the last survivor of the Managing Committee, who +sold the less valuable among the books by auction in Lincoln, the +rest being divided between the permanent subscription library of +Mr. W. K. Morton, Bookseller, High Street, and that of the +Grammar School.</p> +<p>It is much to be regretted that a valuable collection of books +thus ceased to be public property. A catalogue of the +library, published by Mr. W. Johnson, Bookseller, High Street, in +1865, shows that the number of volumes was at that date 1,468, +with annual additions; while in 1879 a bequest was made by the +late Henry James Fielding, Esq., of Handel House, South Street, +of about 230 volumes of standard works, bringing the total up to +about 1,750 volumes. (Classified List, published by W. K. +Morton, 1879.)</p> +<p>The first librarian was Mrs. Wood, assisted by her daughter +(afterwards Mrs. Panton). She was succeeded by Miss South, +who was followed by Miss Stephenson, and she was succeeded by +Mrs. W. Johnson.</p> +<p><!-- page 140--><a name="page140"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +140</span>The late Mr. Henry Nicholson acted as secretary, and +for several years took a great interest in all that concerned the +Institute, until his prolonged serious illness, which ended +fatally in June, 1900. Mr. C. Hensman was treasurer while +the library was at the Corn Exchange, resigning when it was +removed to Banks Street. During the same period the late +Mr. Berridge, Master of the Union, acted as Secretary, and was +succeeded by Mr. W. Betts, of the Dispensary, who only held that +post two years, before the Institute was closed.</p> +<p>There were in the library, besides the books, a quantity of +weapons of war from the South Sea Islands, some cases of objects +of natural history; valuable sepia paintings by the late Rev. C. +P. Terrot, of Wispington, an almost unrivalled artist in his own +line; and several fine Roman vases exhumed in the town; all these +were disposed of by Mr. Joseph Willson, only surviving trustee, +now deceased.</p> +<h3>THE CORN EXCHANGE.</h3> +<p>The Corn Exchange is a spacious and lofty building of brick, +with stone facings, capable of holding 500 persons, situated on +the south side of the High Street, and standing on what was +formerly the eastern wall of the old Roman castle; a well of pure +water, still in use, under the adjoining house, having been just +within the wall of that fortress. It was opened on July +5th, 1856. From the terms of the original deed of +settlement of the company we may give the following items.</p> +<p>The Indenture, dated July 18th, 1855, was registered the 31st +of the same month; the agreement being, on the first part, +between Thomas Armstrong, Merchant; Henry Turner, Land Agent; +George Wright, Merchant; Henry Nicholson, Draper; William Preston +Carlton, Chemist; and others, all of Horncastle; with certain +residents in the neighbourhood on the second part; and Frederick +W. Tweed, of Horncastle, Gentleman, as trustee to give effect to +the covenant, on the third part. The said parties agree to +form themselves a Joint Stock Company, within the meaning of the +Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110, to provide a building for the +purposes, according to these presents, viz., a Corn Exchange, +which can also be used for concerts, exhibitions, and other +public objects, on such terms as the committee may think fit.</p> +<p>The capital of the company to be £3,000, in 600 shares +of £5 each; annual meetings of shareholders to be held on +May 2nd; any five, or more, owning 25 shares, may require the +directors to convene an extraordinary meeting. The capital +may be increased by additional shares of £5, not exceeding +300; money may be borrowed on mortgage, not exceeding at any one +time £1,500. <a name="citation140"></a><a +href="#footnote140" class="citation">[140]</a> One-third of +the original directors to retire in May, 1856, being eligible for +re-election. In May, 1857, one-half of the remaining +original directors to retire; and similarly in succeeding years +one-third to retire in rotation, according to seniority. +Any director to forfeit office on ceasing to hold five shares; +anyone intending to apply for directorate, to give at least 10 +days’ notice. Directors to meet at least once every +three months; any two directors may require the secretary to +convene a meeting, at any time, for any desirable special +object.</p> +<p>The Court of Directors to apply to the Privy Council (Board of +Trade) <!-- page 141--><a name="page141"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 141</span>for permission to purchase, or rent, +land or buildings, as may seem to be needed; or to let, or lease, +buildings, offices, &c., as they may think fit; or to make +mortgages, conveyances, &c., for the purposes of the +company. A reserve fund (by clause 67) to be established, +by setting apart one per cent of the profits in any year; the +accumulation to be employed for the benefit of the company, as +may seem to them desirable. Shares to be sold (by clause +68) for the benefit of the company, by a vote of a majority at a +general meeting. No sum beyond £400, at any one time, +to be negotiated by promissory note or bill of exchange.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p141b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900" +title= +"Watermill Road during the Flood, Dec., 31, 1900" +src="images/p141s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>That a report be presented, and dividend declared, at an +annual meeting, on March 25th, with seven days’ notice to +each shareholder. A common seal to be kept in a place of +safety, and affixed to all legal documents, by the secretary, in +the presence of three directors. Henry Nicholson, Draper, +to be the first auditor, paid as committee of directors +decide. Samuel Sketchley to be the first solicitor; and the +Lincoln and Lindsey Bank the company’s bank. Thomas +Armstrong, Timothy Collinson, and Robert Edwin Kemp to be the +first trustees of the company.</p> +<p>The books may be inspected by any shareholder, between 10 a.m. +and 4 p.m., in the presence of the secretary, or other person +nominated in accordance with Act 7 and 8 Victoria, c. 110. +By clause 89 it was provided that, in case of the company being +wound up, the chairman should declare the company <!-- page +142--><a name="page142"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 142</span>to +be dissolved with all convenient speed; all property to be sold, +and converted into ready money, to meet all claims; a final +distribution of assets to be made; no sale by private contract to +any shareholder being allowed. This deed was signed, +sealed, and delivered by the said F. W. Tweed, and witnessed by +J. S. Cropper, Horncastle, July 18th, 1855.</p> +<p>On Nov. 6th, 1889, a meeting was held to consider whether the +company should be wound up; but it was decided to continue it, +and of late years the financial position of the company has +improved; the report for 1906 shews total receipts for the past +year, £145 13s. 1d.; expenditure £87 2s. 10d.; +leaving balance £58 10s. 3d.; allowing a dividend of +£1 10s. per cent., the sum of £6 0s. 3d. being still +in hand. Offices on the same premises are rented by Mr. +Reuben Roberts, Corn Merchant.</p> +<h3>THE WHELPTON ALMSHOUSES.</h3> +<p>The Whelpton Almshouses are situated in Queen Street, on its +east side, being six small residences, for the reception of +deserving poor persons, natives of the town. They were +established in the year 1861, under the following +circumstances.</p> +<p>The late Mr. Geo. Whelpton was a shoemaker, occupying a small +shop, one of several then standing in the Market Place, on or +near the site of the present Stanhope Memorial; <a +name="citation142a"></a><a href="#footnote142a" +class="citation">[142a]</a> the whole of these being cleared away +when the late Honble. Edward Stanhope presented that piece of +ground to the town, for the enlargement of the Market +Place. He resided in a small house in Stonewell Row, but +afterwards removed into better premises in Queen Street. +While living in Stonewell Row he purchased some furniture cheap, +at an auction, and in a drawer of one of the articles purchased +he found a recipe, said to have been written by a Boston doctor, +for the medicine eventually to become known universally as +“Whelpton’s Pills” (a powerful stomachic, for +kidney diseases, &c.), and from the sale of which he and +other members of his family realised large fortunes. <a +name="citation142b"></a><a href="#footnote142b" +class="citation">[142b]</a> His wife had been for some time +in a bad state of health, and after she had consulted various +doctors without deriving any benefit from their treatment, he +decided to try for her the prescription which had thus +accidentally come into his possession. The result was so +satisfactory that other sufferers applied to him for the pills, +which for a time he freely gave to his neighbours; ultimately, +however, these applications became so numerous that he was +obliged to make a charge.</p> +<p>As he began to realise a considerable income from this source, +he gave up the shoemaking business, and left Horncastle; his +first move being to Derby, <a name="citation142c"></a><a +href="#footnote142c" class="citation">[142c]</a> where he +occupied a residence known as “St. Anne’s +House,” afterwards moving to London, where he, at first, +lived in Crane Court, Fleet Street, which still continues to be +the depot of the pill business. He subsequently <!-- page +143--><a name="page143"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +143</span>moved to a better part of the metropolis, taking up his +residence at 1, Albert Road, Regent’s Park, where he +remained for several years, until he finally settled in Warrior +Square, Hastings.</p> +<p>While residing in London his wife <a +name="citation143a"></a><a href="#footnote143a" +class="citation">[143a]</a> had another illness, from which she +eventually died, in 1859; and feeling her loss very acutely he +decided, after a time, to erect the almshouses to her memory. <a +name="citation143b"></a><a href="#footnote143b" +class="citation">[143b]</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p143b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900" +title= +"West Street during the Flood, Dec. 31, 1900" +src="images/p143s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Among the documents preserved in connection with this charity, +is the original letter of George Whelpton, dated March 18, 1861, +giving instructions that the building of the almshouses should be +immediately taken in hand. The Indenture itself is dated +March 21st, 1861, and among its terms are the following: +“This agreement is between Richard Clitherow, of +Horncastle, Gentleman, surviving trustee and executor of the will +of Samuel Curtis Lomas, late of Blencogo, Co. Cumberland, +Surgeon, of the first part; George Whelpton, of No. 1, Albert +Road, Regent’s Park, Middlesex, of the second part; and +William Thompson Whelpton, of No. 69, Gloucester Crescent, +Regent’s Park, Middlesex, Gent., and Rev. Henry Robert +Whelpton, of Upton Park, Slough, <!-- page 144--><a +name="page144"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 144</span>Bucks., on +the third part.” In accordance with this agreement +certain lands comprising, with others, the future site of the +almshouses, situated on the east side of what was then called +Union Street, the property of the said Samuel Curtis Lomas, were +acquired through the said Mr. Richard Clitherow, for Mr. G. +Whelpton, for the purposes of the charity, with the above +relatives as co-trustees. The sum of £1,000 was also +conveyed as endowment of the charity, to the trustees.</p> +<p>It was provided by the agreement that the inmates of the +houses should be selected from persons who were fit and deserving +subjects of the charity, indigent, but of good character, not +recipients of parish relief, and not under 45 years of age; and +that any, becoming guilty of immorality, should forfeit their +privileges. The power of selection of inmates was vested in +the trustees, assisted by the vicar and churchwardens of the +parish; a clause being added, that, in case of the trustees being +incompetent, by reason of infancy or idiocy, the vicar and +churchwardens should select. The weekly allowance to the +inmates was to be 3s. 6d.</p> +<p>The agreement to this effect was signed, sealed, and +delivered, by the said George Whelpton, in the presence of +Richard Clitherow, Solicitor, and Charles Dee, Solicitor, both of +Horncastle. It was further signed by George Whelpton and +William Thompson Whelpton, in the presence of Robert Cunliffe, +Solicitor, of 43, Chancery Lane, London; and by Henry Robert +Whelpton, in the presence of John Adams Cree, Clerk in Holy +Orders, of Upton Park, Slough, Bucks. Appended is a +receipt, signed by Richard Clitherow, and witnessed by Charles +Dee, shewing that, at the date of the Indenture, the sum of +£101 5s. was paid by George Whelpton for the purchase of +the site of the almshouses.</p> +<p>This agreement was examined on Feb. 7th, 1888, in the Court of +Justice, London, before Mr. Justice Chitty, on an enquiry being +made as to the estate of William Thompson Whelpton, deceased, at +the instance of the Rev. Henry Robert Whelpton, and Stephen +Whelpton; when the Court declared that the direction in the will +of the testator, as to the endowment of the charity, was a +“valid charitable bequest of £1,000,” and the +money “invested in three per cents. Consols, for the +following purposes”: (1) for the repair of the alms-houses; +(2) to pay each occupant 3s. 6d. per week; (3) in case of there +being any surplus, to pay them so much more as the trustees +should think fit. A clause was added, empowering the +Charity Commissioners, from time to time, to order any part of +the income to be applied to special purposes, as they might think +desirable.</p> +<p>We may add that while residing at Hastings, Mr. George +Whelpton secured two acres of land, at Eastbourne, from the Duke +of Devonshire, the owner of the whole town, as he is also of +Buxton; and at a cost of about £20,000, erected and endowed +the church and vicarage of St. Saviour’s, which was held by +his youngest son, Henry Robert, who graduated at St. John’s +College, Cambridge, and was afterwards made Canon of +Chichester. This benefice is private property, and is now +held by his son, Henry Urling Whelpton, of Pembroke College, +Cambridge.</p> +<p>The head of the Whelpton family may now be considered to be +the Rev. George Whelpton, at one time residing in France, but now +of Trinity House, Abington, Berks. The original George +Whelpton died in 1903.</p> +<p>For these details the present writer is indebted to several +members of the Whelpton family, with some of whom he was a fellow +pupil at the Horncastle Grammar School.</p> +<h3><!-- page 145--><a name="page145"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 145</span>THE DRILL HALL.</h3> +<p>The present building is not the first structure erected in +connection with the Volunteers, any more than the present +Volunteers themselves are the first institution of the kind +formed in Horncastle. In the early years of the 19th +century, when there was a general feeling abroad that one great +project, nurtured in the ambitious mind of the first Napoleon, +was an invasion of England, volunteers were organized throughout +the country, with a view to self-defence. As an instance of +this, in the town of Pontefract a corps was formed, of which the +Earl of Mexborough was Colonel Commandant, and George Pyemont, +Esq., of Tanshelf House, Pontefract (grandfather of the present +writer), was Major; <a name="citation145"></a><a +href="#footnote145" class="citation">[145]</a> the records of +which are preserved, among other public documents, in Pontefract +Castle.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p145b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900" +title= +"Conging Street during the flood, Dec. 31, 1900" +src="images/p145s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Similarly, a corps was raised in Horncastle at the same +period, of which we have somewhat curious evidence in the +following. There exists a small pamphlet, which the writer +has recently (July, 1908) perused, entitled “An address +delivered to the Horncastle Volunteers, on Feb. 26, 1804, by +their chaplain, in consequence of the resignation of some of the +members. Published by desire of the corps. Printed by +James Weir, Horncastle, 1804.” In this address he +expresses his great regret that so many volunteers are resigning +<!-- page 146--><a name="page146"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +146</span>“after putting the country to the expense of +supplying them with clothing and arms, having also pledged +themselves to the country’s defence, and received in return +exemption from militia service,” this too at a time when +(as he says) “we are in danger of being reduced to a French +province.” “No resignations (he continues) have +taken place in London, in Boston, or in Spilsby.” He +reminds them that they (the Horncastrians) had been “among +the first in the county to offer their services,” and he +urges them still to “maintain their character” for +loyalty.</p> +<p>In consequence of this appeal a public meeting was called +together, at which was formed a “Court of Enquiry,” +consisting of “9 members, 3 elected from the officers of +the corps, and 6 from the non-commissioned officers and privates, +to whom all proposals of resignation should be +submitted.” In subsequent pages regulations are added +as to keeping their weapons in proper condition, orders as to +loading their guns, &c., which are described as +“firelocks” with “flints.” This we +may regard as an interesting item of past local history, +evidencing the spirit in which the first Horncastle Volunteers +were formed.</p> +<p>The modern volunteer movement originated in the year 1859, +under somewhat similar circumstances to the earlier +movement. Notwithstanding our ultimate victory in the +Crimean war, it was felt that our blunders had been most serious, +and our military organization far from complete. War, as a +science, was assuming new forms; steam was giving to navigation +an independence of wind and tide, which might lead to invasion +unawares. The state of our defences was considered most +unsatisfactory. France was our ally, but the Emperor +Napoleon III. only ruled by popular suffrage, and the memories of +Waterloo still affected the sentiments of his people towards +England. The facility with which England might be invaded +was a subject of discussion in parliament in the course of the +session of that year. Lord Palmerston held the view that +France could, within a few hours, bring together an army, which +could land on our shores and march upon London, before we were +awake to the danger. It was our duty to be ready for +defence against any such surprise, and it was said that +“our friend” Napoleon would himself welcome such +preparedness on our part, as giving him the best arguments with +his own subjects against any such enterprise.</p> +<p>Strengthened by such reasoning, the Earl of Ripon, Under +Secretary for War, announced that volunteer corps would be +enrolled throughout the country. The government plans were +published on the first of July, were warmly accepted by all +parties, and a circular was issued, dated July 13th, to all the +Lieutenants of counties, urging immediate action; and forthwith +the “nation of shopkeepers” were, as by magic, +transformed into an armed camp. So rapid was the progress +that by June of the following year the cry was “Ready, aye! +ready;” and on the 23rd of that month the Queen held a +review in Hyde Park, at which some 20,000 volunteers passed +before her. We are told, as a curious incident, that at +that review there was present as a newly enrolled private, a Mr. +Tower, of Wealdhall, Essex, who had also been present, as a +private, at a review held under the former system in 1803. <a +name="citation146"></a><a href="#footnote146" +class="citation">[146]</a></p> +<p>The loyal town of Horncastle was not behindhand; a public +meeting was held in the Bull Hotel, on Aug. 10th, 1859, for the +purpose of organizing a <!-- page 147--><a +name="page147"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 147</span>Rifle +Corps, for the district, at which the Deputy Lieutenant +attended. Among those present were Major Smart, of Tumby, +J. Wadham Floyer, of Martin Hall, H. F. Conington, Clarence +House, Horncastle, Dr. B. J. Boulton, Dr. W. Ward, Messrs. W. S. +Clitherow, R. C. Armstrong, E. Babington, F. Gilliat, F. W. +Tweed, J. R. Banks, and most of the chief tradesmen and residents +in town and neighbourhood.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p147b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Stanch" +title= +"The Stanch" +src="images/p147s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The Muster Roll, which is still preserved, of the corps then +formed, and designated the “G Company of the 1st Battalion +of the Lincolnshire Regiment of Volunteers,” has at its +head the name of Henry Francis Conington, as Captain, March 9th, +1860, with Richard W. Clitherow and Robert Jalland, as officers +under him, at the same date; then follows a long list of +non-commissioned officers and privates, numbering, in the course +of a few years, more than 2,000 names. Captain Conington, +promoted Major in 1870, was succeeded in due course, on his going +abroad, by Captain, afterwards Major, Robert Clifton Armstrong, +who had begun service as Sergeant, and then Lieutenant; having +under him, as Lieutenants, Messrs. W. Jeffery and W. S. +Clitherow, who were succeeded by Richard W. Clitherow and Robert +C. Isle; with Dr. Hugh George as surgeon.</p> +<p>Mr. Arthur Ellwood, of Mareham-le-Fen, who had joined the +corps in 1865, succeeded to the command in 1891, with Dr. Keogh, +of Coningsby, and <!-- page 148--><a name="page148"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 148</span>F. S. Dymoke, Esq., as Lieutenants, +Dr. Hugh George still acting as Surgeon; Ellwood was promoted as +Captain in 1891, succeeded to the Colonelcy of the head-quarters +staff in 1894, and is now Hon. Colonel of the Battalion, entitled +to wear the regimental uniform.</p> +<p>In 1894 Mr. H. Tweed succeeded to the command as Captain, with +Messrs. T. Levett and Granville Sharpe acting as Lieutenants (Mr. +F. W. S. Heywood, of Holbeach Hall, being temporarily +attached). In 1899 Granville Sharpe succeeded to the +command, but his health failing, he resigned after a year’s +service. He was succeeded in 1900 by Dr. J. W. Jessop as +Captain, who had joined in 1895, and was in 1906 promoted Major +of the Battalion; A. A. Ellwood becoming Lieutenant. Dr. +Herbert A. Howes, who had joined in 1900, succeeded in 1906 to +the command, which he still holds, 1908.</p> +<p>Senior officers in command of the Battalion have been Col. +Amcotts (deceased), Col. Seddon (deceased), Col. Preston +(deceased), Col. J. G. Williams of Lincoln, and at present Col. +J. Ruston of Lincoln. Clergy who have served as Chaplains +have been Revs. S. Lodge; C. Reginald Blathwayt, Vicar of West +Ashby; A. Scrivenor, Vicar of Horncastle; H. Benwell; and at the +present time (1908) Paul O. Ashby, Incumbent of Revesby.</p> +<p>Among those who have done good service in the corps, we should +mention the first Drill Sergeant Beeton, who had previously +served in the 22nd Regiment of the Line (the Old Cheshire), and +afterwards in the South Lincolnshire Militia, as Colour +Sergeant. He drilled the corps during about 20 years; dying +in Horncastle, after about 40 years service. He was +followed by Sergt. Major Bartlett; then by Sergeant Doggett, who +had been Colour Sergeant in the 1st Royal Sussex, and previously +to that in the 2nd Battalion of the North Staffordshire Regiment +(the old 98th). He still resides in Horncastle. In +later years the post has been held by Sergeants Towne, Ashley and +Bamber.</p> +<p>As to the buildings connected with the volunteers, their +history is briefly this: In the early years of the corps’ +existence drill was carried on in the Corn Exchange. After +a time the building adjoining the north-east corner of the Wong, +which had been a British School, was secured; and this, after +structural renovation, was used for several years as the +head-quarters. It is now in the occupation of Messrs. Danby +and Cheseldine, Coach Builders; as in 1901 a new site was +obtained at the south-east corner of the Wong, and here on the +13th day of June in that year the foundation stone of the present +Drill Hall was laid, with much ceremony, by the Earl of +Yarborough, supported by other public functionaries. We +here give, in full, the official programme of the proceedings, +which may be worthy of preservation, in memory of this important +occasion.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">PROGRAMME OF THE CEREMONIAL<br /> +<span class="smcap">to be observed in</span><br /> +LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE<br /> +<span class="smcap">of the</span><br /> +NEW VOLUNTEER DRILL HALL, THE WONG, HORNCASTLE,<br /> +On Thursday, the 13th day of June, 1901.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">the stone will +be laid by the</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Right Worshipful the Provincial Grand Master +of Lincolnshire</span>,<br /> +<span class="smcap">The Right Hon. the Earl of Yarborough</span>, +<span class="smcap">P.C.</span>, <span +class="smcap">D.L.</span>,<br /> +Past Grand Warden of England, R.W. Provincial Grand Master;<br /> +<span class="smcap">assisted by the</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">Worshipful the Deputy Provincial Grand +Master</span>, <span class="smcap">Bro. W. H. Sissons</span>, +<span class="smcap">D.L.</span>, <span +class="smcap">J.P.</span>,<br /> +And Officers of the Provincial Grand Lodge.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 149--><a +name="page149"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +149</span>CEREMONIAL.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Members of the Provincial Grand +Lodge and Visiting Brethren will assemble at the<br /> +Wesleyan Schoolroom, Horncastle, at 12 o’clock.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">A Procession will be formed at +12–15 precisely, in the following order:<br /> +Two Tylers, with drawn Swords.<br /> +Visiting Brethren.<br /> +The Lodges of the Province, according to their numbers, Juniors +going first.<br /> +The W. Masters of the Olive Union and Shakspeare Lodges, with +Trowel and Gavel.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Cornucopiæ with Corn and +Salt,<br /> +borne by Masters of Lodges</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Ewers with Wine and Oil,<br /> +borne by Masters of Lodges.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center"> </p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Past Provincial Grand +Officers.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Superintendent +of Works, with the Plate bearing the inscription for the +Foundation Stone.<br /> +Provincial Grand Officer.<br /> +Provincial Grand Deacons, with Wands.<br /> +Acting Provincial Grand Treasurer, with Phial containing Coins to +be deposited in the Stone.<br /> +The Corinthian Light, borne by the Master of the Franklin +Lodge.<br /> +The Column of the Junior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the +Master of the Witham Lodge.<br /> +The Junior Provincial Grand Warden, with Plumb Rule.<br /> +The Doric Light, borne by the Master of the Doric Lodge.<br /> +The Column of the Senior Provincial Grand Warden, borne by the +Master of the Pelham Pillar Lodge.<br /> +The Senior Provincial Grand Warden, with the Level. The +Provincial Grand Chaplains, bearing the Volume of the Sacred +Law.<br /> +The Provincial Grand Secretary, with Book of Constitutions.<br /> +The Provincial Grand Standard Bearers, with Banner of Provincial +Grand Lodge.<br /> +Provincial Grand Sword Bearer.<br /> +The W. Deputy Provincial Grand Master, with Square.<br /> +The Ionic Light, borne by the Master of the Yarborough Lodge.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">The R.W. Provincial Grand +Master.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: center">Prov. Grand Steward.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p style="text-align: center">Provincial Grand Tyler, with +Sword.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">On arrival at the site, the +Brethren will divide right and left, allowing the R.W P.G.M. +preceded by the Sword Bearers followed by the Acting Officers, to +pass to their positions, and the brethren will then file round +the Acting Officers.<br /> +The W.M. of the Olive Union Lodge will then request the +Provincial Grand Master to lay the Foundation Stone.<br /> +The Deputy Provincial Grand Master will deliver the Ancient +Opening Address.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">HYMN—</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Hail! Eternal! by whose +aid<br /> +All created things were made,<br /> +Heaven and earth Thy vast design,<br /> +Hear us, Architect Divine!</p> +<p style="text-align: center">May our work, begun in thee,<br /> +Ever blest with <span class="smcap">order</span> be;<br /> +And may we, when labours cease,<br /> +Part in <span class="smcap">harmony</span> and <span +class="smcap">peace</span>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">By Thy glorious Majesty—<br +/> +By the <span class="smcap">trust</span> we place in +Thee—<br /> +By the badge and Mystic sign—<br /> +Hear us, Architect Divine! So mote it be.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Chaplin will +offer Prayer.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Architect will then present the +Plans for Inspection.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Acting Provincial Grand +Treasurer will then deposit the Coins, &c., in the cavity of +the stone.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Provincial Grand Secretary will +read aloud the inscription on the Stone and Plate, which<br /> +will then be placed in position.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The W. Master, 1304, will then +present the Trowel to the P.G.M., who will adjust the cement,<br +/> +and the upper stone will be lowered, with three distinct +stops.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"><!-- page 150--><a +name="page150"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 150</span>The R.W. +the P.G.M. will now prove the just position and form of the stone +by the Plumb Rule, Level, and Square, which will be successively +handed to him by the P.G. Junior Warden, the P.G. Senior Warden, +and Deputy Provincial Grand Master. Being satisfied in +these particulars, he will give the stone three knocks with the +Mallet, which will be delivered to him by the Grand +Superintendent of Works.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Cornucopiæ, containing +the Corn and Salt, and the Ewers, with the Wine and Oil, will +next be handed to the R.W. the P.G.M., who will strew the Corn +and Salt, and pour the Wine and Oil over the stone, with the +accustomed ceremonies.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Invocation by the P.G. +Chaplain.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The R.W. the P.G.M. having +inspected the Plan of the intended building, will deliver the +same to the Architect, together with the several tools used in +proving the position of the stone, and desire him to proceed +without loss of time to the completion of the Work, in conformity +with the Plan.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The following Hymn will then be +sung:—</p> +<p style="text-align: center">God of Light! whose love +unceasing<br /> +Doth to all Thy works extend,<br /> +Crown our Order with Thy blessing.<br /> +Build—sustain us to the end.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Humbly now we bow before Thee,<br +/> +Grateful for Thine aid Divine;<br /> +Everlasting power and glory,<br /> +Mighty Architect, be Thine. So mote it be</p> +<p style="text-align: center">The Procession will return in +inverse order to the P.G. Lodge Room.</p> +<p>This hall is a spacious and lofty building, well adapted for +its purpose, and also (as it is frequently used) for theatricals, +and other entertainments; having a permanent stage, dressing +rooms, lavatories, &c., with a commodious kitchen attached, +and every convenience for cooking, &c. The cost of the +whole was about £2,000, raised by public subscriptions.</p> +<h2><!-- page 151--><a name="page151"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 151</span>CHAPTER XI.<br /> +HORNCASTLE WORTHIES, &c.</h2> +<h3>MISS ANNIE DIXON.</h3> +<p>Miss Annie Dixon, the artist, was a native of Horncastle of +whom the town may well be proud. She was the eldest +daughter of a corn chandler, living on the Spilsby Road, now +called East Street; he had two sons and five daughters. We +know nothing of the sons, but Miss Annie early developed great +taste in water-colour painting; and among her early productions +was a miniature of a near relative of the present writer, done in +1855. Another of Miss H. A. Palmer, eldest daughter of +Captain Moffat Palmer, of Horncastle, and widow of the late +George Storer, Esq., of Thoroton Hall, Notts., late M.P. for S. +Notts., was done about the same time. She afterwards +removed to London, and became the first miniature painter of her +day; was a frequent exhibitor in the Royal Academy, and a +favourite with Queen Victoria and the Royal family, of most of +whom she painted miniatures. She died unmarried Feb 15th, +1901, aged 83, and was buried in the Horncastle cemetery.</p> +<p>Another daughter, Leonora, married a Mr. F. Stapleforth, of +Holbeach. Two other sisters, Fanny and Emily, unmarried, +carried on a ladies’ school at Spalding; and another, +Charlotte, married a former Under Master of the Horncastle +Grammar School, Rev. W. Hutchinson, who in 1862 was appointed by +the Lord Chancellor Vicar of Howden, in Yorkshire. Of these +Emily, died unmarried, May 28th, 1903, aged 80, and was also +buried in the cemetery; as well as Charlotte (Mrs. Hutchinson), +who died Oct. 19th, in the same year, aged 73. Their graves +are situated to the east of the chapel.</p> +<h3><!-- page 152--><a name="page152"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 152</span>LORD ALLERTON.</h3> +<p>Lord Allerton, formerly Mr. William Lawnes Jackson, is a +member of a Horncastle family. A near relative was a +well-known object, a few years ago, in our streets as a cripple, +going about on a donkey, lying flat on a large saddle or +“pad,” his only means of locomotion. Lord +Allerton’s father, William Jackson, left Horncastle for +Leeds, somewhere in the “thirties,” or the +“forties,” going it is said, with only half a +sovereign in his pocket, given by an aunt, and a spare shirt +given by an uncle. At Leeds he found employment in the +tanyard of a Mr. Robert Barker, where he presently became +foreman. He afterwards returned to Horncastle and worked in +the tanyard of the late Mr. Hawling; but went back to Leeds and +commenced tanning on his own account, at Meanwood near Leeds, and +afterwards on a still larger scale at Buslingthorpe. He +speedily began to prosper, and in due course was succeeded by his +son; who made a large fortune in the same business. He +became a magistrate of Leeds, and was elected to the Mayoralty in +1895. He represented North Leeds in Parliament for many +years, as a conservative, being first elected in April, 1880, and +re-elected five times, with ever increasing majorities. He +was for many years a Director and Chairman of G.N.R. Company, and +held other public offices. In 1896 he succeeded Mr. A. J. +Balfour, under Lord Salisbury’s administration, as Chief +Secretary for Ireland, being also, for several years, Financial +Secretary of the Treasury; and was raised to the peerage in June, +1902. He was born in 1840, married in 1860, Grace, the only +daughter of George Tempest, Esq. He owns, as his country +seat, Allerton Hall, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, and 27, Cadogan +Square, as his town residence. His uncle, Mr. John Green, +still lives in Horncastle, on the Edlington Road.</p> +<h3>EDWARD GILLIAT.</h3> +<p>Edward Gilliat was the eldest son of the late Mr. George +Gilliat, of the Manor House (now called +“Banovallum”), by his second wife. He was +educated partly at the Grammar School, being afterwards a pupil +of Canon Sanderson, at Seaford, Sussex. He entered at +Pembroke College, Oxford, where he obtained a scholarship in +1861. In 1862 he took a 1st class in Classical Moderations, +and 1st Literæ Humaniores, 1864. In 1867 he was +<i>Proxime accessit</i> for the Latin essay. He was +appointed Assistant Master at Westminster School, Sept., 1867, +holding the post to Dec., 1870. He was ordained deacon in +1870 and priest in 1871, by the Bishop of London. In Sep. +1871, he was appointed Assistant Master at Harrow, where he +remained till 1900. He has been a voluminous writer, +publishing his first work, <i>Asylum Christi</i>, 3 vols., in +1875; <i>On the Wolds</i>, 1879; <i>Under the Downs</i>, 1882; +<i>Forest Outlaws</i>, 1886; <i>John Standish</i>, 1889; <i>In +Lincoln Green</i>, 1893; <i>Wolf Head</i>, 1898; <i>The +King’s Reeve</i>, 1899; <i>Romance of Modern Sieges</i>, +1907; and <i>God save King Alfred</i>, in the same year. He +also published, for the S.P.C.K., <i>Dorothy Dymoke</i>, and +<i>Champion of the Right</i>. He has now retired from +scholastic work and resides at St. Catherine’s Hill, +Worcester.</p> +<h3>FREDERICK GROSVENOR.</h3> +<p>We have already in our notice of the Grammar School (p. 98) +given an account of the Rev. Francis Grosvenor, son of an +ironmonger in the town; <!-- page 153--><a +name="page153"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 153</span>there was +also another son, Frederick, educated under Dr. J. Bainbridge +Smith, at the school, who graduated at Oxford, and was ordained +deacon in 1860, and priest in 1861. He held a curacy at +Basford, Notts, 1860–62; was travelling Chaplain to the +Bishop of Brisbane, 1862–65; Curate of Holy Trinity, +Westminster, 1866–67; of St. Mary’s, Hulme, +Manchester, 1867–69; of St. Gabriel’s, Canning Town, +London, 1869–73; at Dudley, 1874–76; and at Hornsea, +near Hull, 1876–85; when he, like his brother Francis, +retired to Epsom, and succeeded him as Chaplain to the Union +there, until his decease.</p> +<h3>WILLIAM BARTON CAPARN.</h3> +<p>Mr. John Caparn, Chemist, having a shop in the High Street +(now occupied by Mr. Herbert Carlton), had a son, William Barton +Caparn, who graduated at Brazenose College, Oxford, taking +honours, in 1843. He was ordained deacon in 1843, and +priest in 1845, in the diocese of Ripon. He became Vicar of +East and West Torrington, near Wragby, in 1846, which he held +till 1859. He held the benefice, as Vicar, of Drayton, +Somersetshire, from 1866 to 1875. Having private means, he +gave up that benefice, and became Curate of Angersleigh, in the +same county, 1877–79; which he then gave up, and undertook +the Chaplaincy of the Taunton Union, and local hospital. +These he resigned after a few years, and resided at Taunfield +House, Taunton, until his death, April 10th, 1892. He +published various minor works; the first being a small volume on +<i>Epitaphs</i>, later productions were <i>Meditations to be used +in Church before Divine Service</i>; <i>Councils and warnings +before and after Confirmation</i>, &c.</p> +<p>George Gilliat, Esq., late of The Wharf, Horncastle, married, +as his first wife, Miss Caparn, a sister. Miss Helen +Caparn, another sister, married Mr. William Sharples, Surgeon, a +partner of the late Mr. T. Snaith, of Horncastle, and one of the +first doctors at Woodhall Spa. Mr. Sharples left Horncastle +for Wisbech, being appointed by the trustees first resident +physician at the hospital founded in that town by Miss Trafford +Southwell. Losing an only daughter while there, the shock +was so great, that he resigned the post, and removed to Taunton, +and took up there the practice of a deceased brother, which he +carried on until his death, Feb. 8th, 1897. At Horncastle +he resided for some years in the old vicarage, south of the +churchyard, afterwards moving to the house next the +“Fighting Cocks” Inn, called “Westholme +House.” For some years he was a very popular +Secretary to the Southwold Hunt.</p> +<h3>W. H. BENSON BROWN.</h3> +<p>Among more recent natives of Horncastle, who have +distinguished themselves, is the son of the late Mr. Robert +Brown, of the Market Place. He graduated at University +College, Durham, as Licentiate in Theology, 1887, and was +ordained deacon in 1890, priest in 1891, holding the curacy of +North Ormsby, near Middlesborough; and was appointed Rector of +Bucknall, near Horncastle, in 1898, by the patron his +father-in-law, the late Mr. James Dunham, Merchant, of +Horncastle. He was appointed Inspector of Schools, +1899. Mr. Benson Brown is an energetic worker, has restored +his church, adding a carved reredos of oak, a handsome lectern, +and filling the east window with good stained glass. He has +also introduced various reforms and improvements in the +parish.</p> +<h3><!-- page 154--><a name="page154"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 154</span>WILLIAM HENEAGE SHARP.</h3> +<p>Another native of Horncastle, who has already done credit to +the town is the son of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, in the Bull +Ring; of a very old firm, established in 1760, and doing an +European business. William Heneage Sharp was educated at +the local Grammar School, 1885–9, where he gained the first +scholarship granted by the Governors, under the reformed +system. He then went to the college at Framlingham, +Suffolk, 1889–90, a county institution founded as a +memorial of the late Prince Consort, and there gained several +prizes. He then became a Junior Master in a private school +at Devizes; and during his stay there took the 2nd and 4th prizes +at the College of Preceptors. He next accepted a Mastership +at John Ellis’s endowed school in South London (Gospel +Oak). After which he studied at King’s College, +London, 1899–1901, where he gained the Jelf prize for +Dogmatic Theology, the Senior Wordsworth prize for Latin, and the +Barry Divinity Prize. He was also appointed Precentor, and +afterwards Dean, of the college, being senior student of his +year, and taking a first-class in the final examination. He +was ordained by the Bishop of London, in St. Paul’s +Cathedral, in 1901, being appointed “Gospellor” on +the occasion. He was Curate of Staines, Middlesex, +1901–3, removing afterwards to St. John the Evangelist, +Holborn, 1903–8; and was then appointed Theological Tutor +and Sub-Warden at the College of the Resurrection, Mirfield, in +the Diocese of Ripon.</p> +<h3>ALFRED H. HEALEY.</h3> +<p>A youth of Horncastle who has distinguished himself, though +chiefly in another line, is Alfred H. Healey, son of the late Mr. +Alfred Healey, Brewer and Merchant, of Horncastle, Branston and +Lincoln. He was appointed to a Mastership of Ardingly +College, Sussex, but removed to Alnwick College more +recently. A member of a family remarkable for their +ability; a brother, though still young, being high up in the +Civil Service; he is specially distinguished as an athlete. +Among his performances are the following:</p> +<p>Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906, 2nd in 110 metres hurdle +race.</p> +<p>English Championship, 120 yards hurdle race, at Manchester, +1907, 2nd.</p> +<p>Northern Counties’ 100 yards Championship, hurdle race, +Darlington, 1905, 2nd.</p> +<p>Northern Counties’ Champion, 100 yards, at Batley, 1907, +1st.</p> +<p>Northern Counties’ Champion, 120 yards, at Batley, 1907, +1st.</p> +<p>Northern Counties’ Champion, 220 yards, at Darlington, +1907, 1st.</p> +<p>Northern Counties’ Champion, long jump, at Darlington, +1907, 1st.</p> +<p>A record, no one before having won more than two events. +His “bests” have been: 100 yards in 10 seconds; 120 +yards (hurdles) 16 and three-fifth seconds; 220 yards (hurdles) +23 seconds; high jump, 5-ft. 8-in.; long jump, 22-ft. 4-in. +He was also selected to represent England in the foot races at +the Franco-British Exhibition, at Shepherd’s Bush, +1908.</p> +<h3>WILLIAM MARWOOD.</h3> +<p>Horncastle had, for some years, the dubious honour of being +the home of the public hangman. William Marwood was born at +Goulceby, about six miles from Horncastle, and afterwards lived +some years in Old Bolingbroke, coming to Horncastle about 1860; +where he was a shoemaker, having a small shop in Church Street, +now occupied by Mr. Joseph Borrill, of the same trade. +Before being himself appointed hangman he assisted his +predecessor in that office, <!-- page 155--><a +name="page155"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 155</span>Calcraft, +and succeeded him in 1872; continuing the duties until his death, +Sept. 4th, 1883; when he in turn was succeeded by Bartholomew +Binns. He was rather short in stature, with large square +head and large hands, indicative of firmness of character. +His first official act was to hang a man named Francis Horry, at +Lincoln, who murdered his wife at Boston, in 1872; his last was +to hang a man, James Burton, at Durham, who murdered his young +wife, aged only 18, from jealousy. On this occasion the man +fainted on the scaffold, and got entangled with the rope under +his arm, and Marwood had to lift him in his arms to get him +disentangled, and then drop the unconscious man down—a +painful scene. <a name="citation155"></a><a href="#footnote155" +class="citation">[155]</a> This was only about a fortnight +before his own death. Among his last executions was that of +Charles Peace, a notorious burglar, who shot a man at Banner +Cross, near Sheffield. In May, 1882, he went to Dublin to +execute the perpetrators of the Phœnix Park murders, three +Fenians, who shot Lord E. Cavendish, and his secretary, Mr. +Burke. In his last illness, which was short, it was +suspected that his health had been in some way injured through +Fenian agency, and a post mortem examination was held by order of +the Home Secretary, but a verdict was returned of “natural +death.” Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, of the Bull Ring, +was one of the jury on this occasion.</p> +<p>Marwood’s wife was, for some years, ignorant of her +husband’s official occupation, as he generally accounted +for his absence by saying that he had to go away to settle some +legal question. Visiting the slaughter-house of a +neighbouring butcher, he observed to him that he could +“do” for men as the butcher did for cattle, because +the men whom he had to deal with were themselves +“beasts.”</p> +<p>Some of Marwood’s official paraphernalia are still +preserved at the Portland Arms Inn, Portland Street, Lincoln, +where he generally stayed at an execution. The late Mr. +Charles Chicken, who resided in Foundry Street, Horncastle, had a +rope 1¼-in. thick, given him by Marwood, with which he had +hanged six or seven criminals. Other ropes used by him are +in Madam Tussaud’s exhibition, in Baker Street, London, +where there is also a bust of himself. He used to exhibit +his ropes to foreign horse-dealers, who attended the great August +Fair at Horncastle, at a charge of 6d. each. There was +recently a portrait of Marwood, in crayons, in a barber’s +shop, 29, Bridge Street, drawn by J. S. Lill, postman, but this +has now disappeared. Marwood’s favourite dog, Nero, +and other effects were sold by auction, after his death in 1883, +by Mr. W. B. Parish.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p>Other Horncastrians whose lives, or circumstances, were more +or less exceptional, may be here also briefly noticed.</p> +<h3>HENRY TURNER.</h3> +<p>Mr. Henry Turner, about the middle of the 19th century, was a +corn and coal merchant, and also land agent for Sir Henry Dymoke, +Bart., of Scrivelsby Court. He occupied the house at the +corner of South Street, next the water side, then a private +residence, but now the shop of Mr. F. Stuchbery, +Ironmonger. He married the widow of Arthur Thistlewood, a +native of Horsington, noted, in his later years, as the leader of +the “Cato Street Conspiracy,” which <!-- page +156--><a name="page156"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +156</span>proposed to assassinate the ministers of the +government, in London, when attending a dinner at Lord +Harrowby’s residence, in February, 1820. The plot was +discovered and frustrated, and Thistlewood, with others of his +guilty confreres, was executed on May 1st in that year. +Mrs. Turner was the daughter of a butcher, named Wilkinson, whose +shop was situated in the High Street, where is now the shop of +Mr. Uriah Spratt.</p> +<h3>MARTIN BROWN.</h3> +<p>Mr. Martin Brown, grandfather of Mr. W. H. Brown, Plumber and +Glazier, of Church Lane, was in the early part of the 19th +century captured by the press gang in Horncastle, and made to +serve in H.M.S. Mars, in the war with Napoleon. In one +contest his ship was lashed to a French man-of-war, to fight it +out, and his captain was killed. He survived to tell the +story till 90 years of age, with scarcely a day’s illness, +until his death, Nov. 9th, 1866. He lies buried in Holy +Trinity churchyard, his wife, who predeceased him by several +years, being buried in St. Mary’s churchyard, on the +south-east side.</p> +<h3>CAPTAIN SHEPHERD.</h3> +<p>Captain Shepherd, an old naval officer, lived many years, and +died, in Union Street, now called Queen Street. He had had +many voyages and experiences, which he was fond of recounting to +his many friends. He had brought home many trophies and +curiosities; among other things he gave an Indian bow, made of +sugar cane, and poisoned arrows, to the present writer, when a +boy.</p> +<h3>MISS FRANKLIN.</h3> +<p>In the next house to Captain Shepherd resided Miss Franklin, +sister of the great arctic navigator, Sir John Franklin. +Much interest was taken in Horncastle in the fate of Sir John, +when absent on his last polar voyage, and considerable sums were +raised, more than once, among the residents in the town, to +assist Lady Franklin in sending out vessels in search of her +husband, under the command of Captain Leopold MacClintock and +others. We have mentioned elsewhere that a public dinner +was given to Sir John, at the Bull Hotel, just before he sailed +for the last time to the north.</p> +<p>In connection with this it may be added that the son of +another great arctic explorer, Sir John Ross, used to visit +friends in Horncastle, and is still remembered. Sir John +Ross sailed in search of Sir John Franklin in 1848, but was +unsuccessful.</p> +<h3>EDMUND KEANE.</h3> +<p>Edmund Keane, the Tragedian visited Horncastle with his +company, in the first half of the 19th century, and acted in a +large building, which is now the warehouse of Mr. Herbert +Carlton, Chemist. The mother of Mr. Henry Sharp, Saddler, +and the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. Mary’s Square, among +others, witnessed these performances. In connection with +this, it may be added, that Mr. Charles Keane, Actor, son of the +above, sent two nieces to be educated at a ladies’ school, +kept by Mrs. Nicholson, Bank Street, Horncastle, and on their +leaving he made her a present of a valuable pianoforte.</p> +<h3><!-- page 157--><a name="page157"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 157</span>AMBROSE LANGLEY.</h3> +<p>About 30 years ago Robert Langley kept an inn in South Street, +called the “Coach and Horses,” on the premises now +occupied by Mr. Crowson, Grocer. His son, Ambrose Langley, +became a noted footballer, in Horncastle and neighbourhood. +He afterwards left the town and joined the Grimsby Town Football +Club; subsequently he went to Middlesborough, Yorkshire, playing +for the Ironopolis Football Club. He afterwards joined the +Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, which team he was with eight +years, being captain three years; playing in the final for the +English Cup, for that team, when they beat Wolverhampton +Wanderers by two goals to one, in 1896. Leaving Sheffield +Wednesday he became manager of the Hull City Football Club, which +position he now (season 1907–8) holds.</p> +<h3>CAPTAIN SURGEON SMITH.</h3> +<p>Captain Surgeon Smith, son of a draper, Mr. Walker Smith, who +occupied, about 25 years ago, the shop near the Post Office, on +the south side of the High Street, now occupied by Mr. Redmore, +enlisted as a private in the Army Hospital Corps; and, +afterwards, passing all examinations with credit, he rose from +the ranks to become medical officer in the corps; an exceptional +instance of such promotion.</p> +<h3>HENRY ALLENBY.</h3> +<p>Henry Allenby, son of a fellmonger, Mr. Richard Allenby, +residing near the Wong, and having a tanyard on the Lincoln Road, +became an assistant chemist at St. Albans. Afterwards +coming under notice, in a chemist’s shop in London, he was +selected to accompany the Duke of Edinburgh in his tour round the +world, in H.M.S. Galatea, as dispenser to the expedition. +This was in 1866; and in this capacity he visited India, Japan, +China, Australia, &c.</p> +<h3>JOHN SCHOFIELD.</h3> +<p>Mr. Robert Schofield, Landlord (in the middle of the last +century) of the Saracen’s Head Inn, Bridge Street, +Horncastle, had a son, John, who left Horncastle for London, and +became a member of the Stock Exchange, where, from small +beginnings, he became so successful in business, that he +eventually married a daughter of Bishop Blomfield, of London.</p> +<h3>MISS ROBINSON.</h3> +<p>The Rev. W. Robinson, Vicar of Wood Enderby and Wilkesby, in +the middle of the 19th century, like several other clergy, who at +that time had no country residences, lived in Horncastle. +His daughter, happening to be of the same size and figure as +Queen Victoria, was for several years engaged in the +Queen’s service, as a living model, on whom were +“tried” all dresses intended for the Queen. In +return for this she received, as a perquisite, her +Majesty’s cast-off dresses, from the sale of which she +realised an acceptable income. It is said that, through +her, on the marriage of a lady friend, the dresses of both bride +and bridesmaids were all royal attire. It was generally +understood that <!-- page 158--><a name="page158"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 158</span>this appointment was due to the +representations, in her favour, of Miss Annie Dixon, the artist +(herself a native of Horncastle, mentioned elsewhere), who was at +that time a <i>grata persona</i> with the royal family.</p> +<h3>JOHN CUSSONS.</h3> +<p>Mr. John Cussons, son of the late Mr. John Cussons, Baker, in +the Bull Ring, and nephew of the late Mr. David Cussons, Printer +and Bookseller, High Street, Horncastle, ran away before his +apprenticeship had expired, and went to America, settling in the +Confederate States. He there espoused the Confederate cause +against the Federals, and took a leading part in the civil war, +commanding Confederate forces in several important +engagements. Since that time he has visited Horncastle, and +has published a history of his military operations. He now +resides on his own property, at Forest Lodge, Glen Allen, +Virginia. His last publication, in 1908, is <i>Jack +Sterry</i>, <i>the Jessie Scout</i>. He is also the author +of <i>A Glance at Current History</i>, <i>The Passage of the +Thoroughfare Gap</i>, <i>Some Modern Pillars of State</i>, +<i>Principles of Cryptiography</i>, <i>Assimilating the +Indian</i>, &c.</p> +<h3>HENRY ALLISON.</h3> +<p>Henry Allison, son of Mr. Allison, Miller, formerly residing +in West Street, married a daughter of Mr. David Cussons, and +leaving the town about 1848, settled in Hull, where he +established a large business as paper manufacturer. He was +elected Mayor of Hull; and died some years ago, leaving a widow, +who resides in a large mansion, which he built on the outskirts +of the town, Marlborough House, Anlaby Road. The business, +with several branches, is still carried on by members of his +family.</p> +<h3>JOHN BROWN.</h3> +<p>John Brown, the “Poet Laureate” of Horncastle, has +already been mentioned; he is chiefly known by the volume +<i>Literæ Laureatœ</i>, published in 1890, dedicated +to Lord Tennyson, by permission, and containing most of his +poetical productions. These are remarkable for his +knowledge of Lincolnshire dialect and local folk-lore. The +volume was published, after his death, on behalf of his +widow.</p> +<p>He was born in the first workhouse, adjoining St. Mary’s +churchyard, his parents being in charge of that +institution. Being first apprenticed to a cabinet maker, +Mr. J. Williams, when only just “in his teens,” he +ran away to Hull, and took service on a vessel, the Margaret, +bound for Cronstadt. His first voyage, however, was +sufficient to disgust him with marine life. When about 15 +he found employment with a theatrical scene painter from London, +who settled in Horncastle. He afterwards went to London to +learn his trade as a house decorator. He married in 1833 a +Miss Gainsborough, of Alford. In 1838 he went to Lincoln, +and for some years carried on his trade there. In 1848 he +returned to Horncastle, and still carrying on his trade, became a +member of a literary coterie, who used to hold meetings in the +coffee room of the Bull Hotel. In 1860 he bought a house on +the Louth Road, which he opened as the Globe Inn, and which +became the resort of his literary friends. Literature, +however, did not conduce to business. In 1872 his health +failing, and his savings <!-- page 159--><a +name="page159"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 159</span>having +evaporated, he was granted a residence in the Whelpton +Almshouses, where he continued to employ his pen, in comfort, +until his death in 1890. <a name="citation159"></a><a +href="#footnote159" class="citation">[159]</a></p> +<h3>THOMAS BAKER.</h3> +<p>The late Mr. Thomas Baker has already been referred to, but is +worthy of a fuller account. He was not a native of +Horncastle, but lived in the town more than 60 years, and became +so identified with its interests, in many ways, that he may well +be regarded as one of its “worthies.” Born in +1814, at Braintree, in Essex, he was the son of a veterinary +surgeon in that town, his family having previously there owned +the once well-known coaching house, named The Horn Inn; although +earlier members of his family had occupied a higher position; one +of them, named Thorowgood, having founded the Grammar School at +Oxford.</p> +<p>Before coming to Horncastle, in 1841, Mr. Baker was known on +more than one county cricket ground, and had distinguished +himself on the University ground at Cambridge, +“Parker’s Piece.” On coming to Horncastle +he immediately made his mark in cricket as a round-hand bowler; +and the leading young men of the neighbourhood became his +pupils. One of his feats was, in a match between an 11 of +All England and 22 gentlemen of the county; when he bowled out, +with his first ball, Iddison, Captain of the All England +team. The great matches in which he took part for many +years were too many to tell. Among other things he had the +distinction of being employed by Sir Evelyn Wood to train a +village club in his parish.</p> +<p>Besides his cricketing skill he was remarkable for his +ventriloquial powers; and the story was told, that, while sitting +in conversation with two strangers, at the Bull Hotel, he threw +his voice under the table. The two sprang up to catch the +supposed eavesdropper, when he at once calmed them by throwing +his voice in another direction, and then letting them into the +secret. He was also, in his way, a fair actor; and, with +the late Mr. John Brown, the Horncastle Laureate, and others, he +helped to amuse considerable audiences, in town and +neighbourhood. In comedy he could take all the parts +himself, rapidly changing his dress, and at one moment adopting +the high falsetto tones of an old crone, and the next moment +speaking in the deeper accents of a strong man. It is +greatly to his credit that, only having for many years a small +shop, famed chiefly for his two specialites, “bull +eyes” and “Grantham ginger-bread,” he brought +up a large family, who have taken good positions in various parts +of the country. He was a staunch conservative and +churchman.</p> +<p>In his later years he was often visited by strangers, who were +entertained by his fund of anecdote and cricketing +reminiscences. Among these we may name the novelist, Miss +Marie Corelli, who, while staying at Woodhall Spa, sought his +acquaintance, as being one of the “characters” of the +neighbourhood, and to his delight she gave him her +autograph. Mr. J. J. Hissey, the author of <i>A Driving +Tour in Lincolnshire</i>, also visited him at his house in +Horncastle, and says of him “although wearing a shabby +garb, he struck me with his perfect self-possession, and superior +manners. . . . I have met many characters, but Mr. Baker +struck me as being the most remarkable.” He died Feb. +12th, 1903, aged 88; and in his last illness letters poured in +upon him from old friends and pupils, expressing their sympathy +and their pleasant recollections of his company.</p> +<h3><!-- page 160--><a name="page160"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 160</span>ODDITIES.</h3> +<p>To these “worthies” of the town we here add two or +three of its “oddities.” About 1844 Billy +Boulton, who kept an inn in Millstone Street, now called North +Street, named the Tom Cat, was noted for his great strength; for +a wager he dragged a “dung cart” on the turnpike +road, from Lincoln, to his own yard in Horncastle, a distance of +over 21 miles. It is said, however, that he suffered from +rupture for the rest of his life, as a consequence of the great +and continued exertion involved in this feat. The inn is +now named The Cricketers’ Arms, but it may be noticed that +the figure of a cat is still engraven on a pane of the front +window.</p> +<p>The same man bought the wife of a man named Rogers, a boatman, +who put her up for auction, standing on a tub, with a halter +round her neck, in the public street; the price paid being +£20. She had a son and daughter by Boulton, who both +lived to be married, but died early. In after years, having +lost her (so called) husband, Boulton, she removed to Lincoln, +and there meeting her former husband, Rogers, she became +reconciled to him, and both again lived together, as man and +wife, until death. <a name="citation160"></a><a +href="#footnote160" class="citation">[160]</a></p> +<p>A man, known as Aty Rushton (short for Horatio), who lived in +Horncastle, on the West Ashby Road, about the same period, and +let out horses on hire, being in Lincoln, laid a wager that he +would set off from Lincoln, above hill, just after the moon rose, +and ride to Horncastle, 21 miles, before the moon should rise +there; which would be later, the town being in a hollow, with a +steep hill in the west to hide the moon for some time; while +Lincoln is on a hill, with a view to the west over low county, +where the moon would be seen earlier. He rode a swift +animal of his own. and strained all its powers in the +effort. Unfortunately there was then a toll bar on the +Lincoln road about a mile from Horncastle, where he found the +gate closed, and was delayed two or three minutes before the +keeper could pass him through. He pressed on with all +speed, galloping through the town, shouting in his excitement +“Now me! now moon!”; but as he dashed into his own +yard, he saw the moon shining in a bucket of water, standing by +the stable door. The delay at the toll-bar had lost him his +wager.</p> +<p>A son of the above, Thomas Rushton, was a great fisherman, and +not always particular where he followed his sport. Walking +in the night to a certain lake in a park, about 6 miles from +Horncastle, he fished it and landed two or three brace of good +trout, and then about eight o’clock in the morning, he +called at the hall, and sold them to the squire for his +breakfast. He used to tell this anecdote to his confidants, +with his well-known chuckle of satisfaction, as a satisfactory +stroke of business. Many other stories of his performances +with “the angle” could be also related, but this may +suffice.</p> +<p>The following relates not to a native of Horncastle, but to +one whom we may call an “intruder,” although he was +to play his part (not a very creditable one) in the town. +We avoid, for obvious reasons, giving names and dates. +There had occurred a number of petty thefts, which made, those +who possessed anything of value, uneasy about their treasures, +lest their turn for spoliation might come next. The police +arrangements for the town were still of a very <!-- page 161--><a +name="page161"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 161</span>primitive +character, and quite inadequate for due protection of the +householder. The days of the “bobby” and +“peeler” were not yet, at least in country districts; +although Sir Robert Peel had done away with the old watchman, and +established the present police system in the metropolis; and some +other of our larger towns had followed suit. But in +Horncastle the constable, by way of setting a thief to catch a +thief, had, it was said, himself in his earlier years been a +great smuggler, while in his age he was a spindle-shanked old +man, whom a boy could knock down. Roused by the insecurity +of property, the authorities decided to import a London +detective, disguised in plain clothes. He came, and for a +while marauders, among whom the secret soon leaked out, carefully +stayed their hands. After a time, however, robberies began +to recur; especially a corner shop near “the far +bridge,” was the scene of considerable pilfering. The +detective was called in to investigate. He took up the +matter, but did not succeed in making any arrests.</p> +<p>It was noticed by someone that a brass button was missing from +the sort of gamekeeper’s velveteen coat which he wore; and, +strange to say, a button of the exact kind was found behind the +counter of the shop where the thefts occurred. No public +action was taken in the matter, but it came to be strongly +suspected that the professional thief-taker had himself been +guilty of thieving. Other suspicious circumstances +occurred, but he was a clever man, and nothing was brought home +against him. It was believed, however, that something of +the truth had become known at head quarters, as his appointment +was a few months later cancelled, and he was not appointed +elsewhere. He continued to reside in Horncastle and, having +no employment, he accepted the post of water bailiff to the local +angling association, which he filled for some time, until he +eventually disappeared from the scene of his labours, which were +thought by not a few to be somewhat “fishy” in the +unfavourable sense of being at least questionable in their +nature.</p> +<p>He had not left the town very long when it became known that +certain parties had received from him some of the goods which had +disappeared from the grocer’s shop, which had been +robbed. Sundry hams were found concealed in a hay loft, and +it was generally believed that the robbery of an inn in the town, +not far from the shop in question, as well as other thefts in the +country around, had been perpetrated by him.</p> +<h3>PUBLICHOUSES</h3> +<p>One of the remarkable features of Horncastle is the number of +its publichouses, and these were far more numerous formerly than +at the present day. This was, of course, mainly due to the +great number of dealers who attended the horse fairs, not only +from all parts of England and Ireland, but from most countries on +the continent; especially the great August fair, which formerly +lasted no less than three weeks. The present facilities for +rapid travel, by rail, and quicker means of communication, which +now enable dealers to hear of horses for sale, and to visit them +in their owners stables, before they are brought to the fair, has +altered all this, and the fairs now last only a few days at the +most.</p> +<p>These publichouses had also generally attached to them large +yards, and extensive stabling (as may still be seen), where the +best horses were shewn and tried, without appearing in the +streets. In consequence of the reduced need for such +accommodation many of these publichouses have disappeared. +Among <!-- page 162--><a name="page162"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 162</span>the names of those which have been +lost, are the Royal Oak, the Peal of Bells, Cock and Breeches, +Chequers, Hammer and Pincers, Dolphin, Pack Horse, Woolpack, Fox +and Goose, Marquis of Granby, Blue Bell, Horseshoes, Axe and +Cleaver, Three Maids’ Heads, Queen’s Head, the +George, and others which are only traditionally remembered. <a +name="citation162"></a><a href="#footnote162" +class="citation">[162]</a></p> +<p>Several of these were almost contiguous. For instance, +on the west side of the market, on the site of No. 1, now (1908) +occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, formerly stood a good-sized +publichouse, which was destroyed by fire. Being rebuilt, it +became the private residence of Mr. H. Sellwood, Solicitor, +father-in-law of the late Poet Laureate, Lord Tennyson. +Separated from this, northward, by only two houses, was the Black +Horse Inn, still existing, and next to this, on what is now part +of the shop of Messrs. Lunn and Dodson, was the Peal of Bells, +and not more than half-a-dozen yards distant, on the opposite +side of the street, was the very old Saracen’s Head, still +existing.</p> +<p>On the north side of the Market Place, next to what is now Mr. +Cammack’s cycle depot, was the Queen’s Head Inn, now +gone; and at the north-east corner of the Market Place, one door +removed from St. Lawrence Street, was the Nelson Inn, still +existing; while at the south-east corner stood the large George +Inn, no longer existing; and near the churchyard, under the same +roof with the old vicarage, was a much patronized dram shop, kept +by a Mrs. Clayton, long since removed.</p> +<p>Of some of these we are able to give particulars, not without +interest. The Cock and Breeches was kept by Roland Oliver, +a breeches maker, whose daughter migrated to London, and, as Mrs. +Hibbert, kept an inn, the Elephant, in Fenchurch Street, +City. At the Queen’s Head were, early last century, +barracks for volunteers or soldiers, with their drill sergeants; +who performed their drill and practiced with “Brown +Bess” in a chalk pit, on the west side of the Edlington +Road, now disused, but still represented by a deep depression in +the field below the footpath to Thimbleby, and at the back of the +gardens of Mr. Frank Heane, of the Garth House, and other +adjoining residents.</p> +<p>At this same inn, the Queen’s Head, some 20 years or +more ago, on removing the bricks of the kitchen floor, the +workmen found a skeleton, probably that of a man who had been +murdered for his money at the August fair, and in connection with +this, it was remembered that a farmer living at Stourton, who +used to frequent this inn, had some years before attended the +fair, but never returned home, nor could enquiring friends find +any trace of him.</p> +<p>The Nelson Hotel, on the same side of the Market Place, was +formerly kept by an old man named Vesey, who was said to have +been, in his earlier years, a great smuggler on the coast, but +coming to Horncastle, he reformed, and was appointed +constable. The sign of this inn is a portrait of the great +hero of Trafalgar and the Nile, originally well painted by the +artist, Northouse, but it has recently been repainted in the +worst style, and almost “improved” out of +recognition.</p> +<p>The George stood on the sites now occupied by the Post Office, +and the adjoining shop of Messrs. Salter, Shoemakers, the +original archway of the inn yard still remaining between +them. This was formerly one of the principle inns of the +town, equal in size to the Bull and the Red Lion; and from it, +before the railway line was opened to Horncastle, the landlord, +Mr. Hackford, ran a coach, to meet the train at Kirkstead. +An incident, in connection with the <!-- page 163--><a +name="page163"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 163</span>George may +here be mentioned, which is not likely to occur again. A +wealthy lady, Miss Heald (who had also a house in London, where +the writer, as a boy, visited her), occupied in those days the +old hall (now demolished) in Edlington Park. She was of the +family of Chancellor Heald, to whose memory there is a marble +tablet, on the north wall of the chancel of St. Mary’s +Church. She had a nephew, who was an officer in the +fashionable regiment of the Guards. He became enamoured of +the once famous courtesan, Lola Montez, who had been mistress to +the King of Bavaria, attracted by her beauty, it was said, as she +drove, and he rode, along Rotten Row, the resort of fashion, in +Hyde Park, London. She wished to make the most of the +opportunity to regain a respectable position, and pressed her +attentions of the young officer too persistently. She was a +woman of daring and reckless temperament; and his love and +admiration gradually, on closer acquaintance, gave way to +fear. At length he did all he could to avoid her, which +roused her bitter resentment, and at length he became in daily +terror of her revengeful nature. Coming down from London to +Horncastle, to collect his rents, he put up at the George, and +was there found, by a friend who called upon him, sitting at his +luncheon, but with a brace of pistols lying on the table, fully +expecting that she would follow him, and force him into +matrimony. It is said that she ended her days in an +American prison, after perpetrating a murder in a railway +carriage.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p163b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring" +title= +"Old Thatched Inn in the Bull Ring" +src="images/p163s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 164--><a name="page164"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +164</span>Another inn worthy of mention here is the Fighting +Cocks. Here this once fashionable but cruel sport used to +be practised, until it was made illegal by Act of Parliament, in +1849, and it is said to have been clandestinely continued for +some time longer, although a penalty of £5 was +imposed. An old man working on the premises in 1902 could +remember the last fight. The “pit” was in the +present garden, at the rear of the inn yard.</p> +<p>In the Fighting Cocks yard were formerly the kennels of the +South Wold hounds, and the writer can well remember going +frequently, as a boy, while he attended the Grammar School, to +see them fed, as well as occasionally being mounted by the whips +on one of the horses of the hunt, when, after the hunting season, +they went out for exercise. Mr. “Jack” Musters, +the whilom rival of Byron for the hand of Miss Chaworth, was at +that time Master.</p> +<p>In the yard of this inn there still remain two large scythe +blades affixed to the wall of an outhouse. The history of +these is that they were formerly on the front of the inn, facing +the street, because was annually held, on August 21st, what was +called the Scythe Fair, when the county blacksmiths gathered to +purchase scythes, to supply the Irish, and other reapers, for the +coming harvest. This was discontinued when the machinery +for reaping came into use.</p> +<p>The Three Maids’ Inn was situated in the High Street, on +part of the site now occupied by the Corn Exchange, and was +demolished when that building was erected. A small inn, on +the east side of North Street, now called the Cricketer’s +Arms, was formerly named the Tom Cat, because here was sold the +strong old gin of the well-known distillers, Swagne and Borde, +whose trademark was a cat. Hence gin took its name of +“Old Tom.” There is still the figure of a cat +engraven on the front window, with the words “Unrivalled +Tom” beneath it.</p> +<p>Opposite the Bull, the leading hotel in the town, replete with +all modern requirements, stands the King’s Head, an old +“public,” still remarkable for its low thatched roof; +the reason for which is said to be, that by the forms of the will +of a former owner, it was bequeathed to his successor, with the +condition attached, that it should continue to be thatched: a +condition which the advance of civilization may, in a few +years’ time, make it difficult to fulfil.</p> +<p>And here we may make the concluding remark that 100 years ago +most of the houses in Horncastle were thatched. It is on +record (Overton MS.) that the first slated house in the town was +built for a Mr. Storr, a gardener, in what is now the back +passage from the Bow Bridge to the Wong, near the Baptist +Chapel. This was afterwards occupied (1790–1800) by +Mrs. L’Oste, widow of a former Rector of Langton. The +next house to be slated was that of Mr. Titus Overton, lately the +residence of Mr. John Overton, Grocer.</p> +<h2><!-- page 165--><a name="page165"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 165</span>APPENDIX.</h2> +<h3>THIMBLEBY.</h3> +<p>This parish is contiguous to Horncastle, but the village and +church are distant about 1¼ miles from the town, in a +north-westerly direction. Letters arrive at 8.30 a.m., from +Horncastle, where are the nearest money order and telegraph +office and railway station.</p> +<p>As to the name Thimbleby, given in <i>Domesday Book</i> as +Stimbelbi, it doubtless meant originally the Bye (scotice +“Byre”), or farmstead, of a thane, or owner, in +pre-Norman times named stimel. <a name="citation165"></a><a +href="#footnote165" class="citation">[165]</a> In the +survey made by the Conqueror, A.D. 1085, there are two mentions +of this parish, (1) It is included among the 1,442 lordships, or +manors, of which King William took possession on his own behalf, +ejecting the previous owners; none of whom, in this instance, are +named. Under him it was occupied by 22 soc-men, or free +tenants, and 18 villeins, or bondsmen, who cultivated 4½ +carucates (540 acres), with 240 acres of meadow. This, +however, did not comprise the whole parish, for (2) another +mention gives Thimbleby among the lands granted by the Conqueror +to Odo, Bishop of Baieux, who was half brother to King William, +on his mother’s side, and was created by him Earl of +Kent. His brother was Earl of Moretaine, and his sister +Adeliza was Countess of Albermarle. He had been consecrated +Bishop of Baieux before William’s conquest of England, in +1049. He was subsequently made Count Palatine and +Justiciary of England. The old historian, Ordericus +Vitalis, says “he was reputed to be the wisest man in +England, and ‘totius Angliæ Vice-comes sub Rege, et . +. . Regi secundus’”; and this <!-- page 166--><a +name="page166"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 166</span>was hardly +an exaggeration, since he was granted by William 76 manors in +Lincolnshire, besides 363 in other counties. But we have +observed in several other instances how insecure was the tenure +of property in those unsettled times, when might was deemed +right, and this ambitious Prelate was no exception. He +aspired to the Papacy, the highest ecclesiastical office in +Christendom, and was about to start for Rome, with the view of +securing it through his wealth, when he was arrested and +imprisoned by his royal kinsman, and his estates confiscated.</p> +<p>The portion of Thimbleby granted to this Odo comprised 250 +acres of cultivated land, with 12 acres of meadow and 30 acres of +underwood. This was worked for him by three free tenants +and five bondmen. <a name="citation166a"></a><a +href="#footnote166a" class="citation">[166a]</a> On the +attainder of Odo, this land passed again into the King’s +hands, to be bestowed doubtless upon some other favourite +follower. Accordingly we find that, shortly after this, the +powerful Flemish noble, Drogo de Bevere, who had distinguished +himself greatly at the battle of Hastings, along with many other +manors in Lincolnshire, held that of Thimbleby. He was, by +Royal Charter, Lord of all Holderness, and took his title de +Bevere from Beverley, the chief town in that division. As +is also related elsewhere, <a name="citation166b"></a><a +href="#footnote166b" class="citation">[166b]</a> the Conqueror +gave him his niece in marriage; but, being of a violent +temperament, Drogo got rid of her by poison, and then, having +thus incurred the anger of William, he fled the country. +His estates, in turn, were probably confiscated, for we find that +a few years later Stephen, Earl of Ambemarle, <a +name="citation166c"></a><a href="#footnote166c" +class="citation">[166c]</a> had five carucates (<i>i.e.</i> 600 +acres) of land between Thimbleby, Langton and Coningsby.</p> +<p>This noble was distinguished for his piety, as well as his +other great qualities. The chronicler describes him as +“præclarus comes, et eximius monasteriorum +fundator,” an illustrious earl and distinguished founder of +monasteries. Among other such institutions he founded, on +the feast of St. Hilary, A.D. 1139, the Priory of Thornton, in +North Lincolnshire. This Stephen also received the lordship +of Holderness, which had been held by Drogo. He was +succeeded by his son William, who was surnamed Crassus, or +“The Gross,” from his unwieldy frame. His +great-granddaughter, Avelin, succeeding to the property in her +turn, married Edmund, Earl of Lancaster, surnamed Gibbosus, or +humpback. But they had no issue, and so, as the “Book +of Meux Abbey” says, “for want of heirs the Earldom +of Albemarle and the Honour of Holderness were seized (once +again) into the King’s hands.” What became of +the demesne of Thimbleby is not specified; but we find from the +survey, already quoted, that in the same century Walter de Gaunt, +son of Gilbert de Gaunt, <a name="citation166d"></a><a +href="#footnote166d" class="citation">[166d]</a> held Thimbleby +and other neighbouring parishes 24 carucates, or in all 2,880 +acres of land. We have traced elsewhere <a +name="citation166e"></a><a href="#footnote166e" +class="citation">[166e]</a> the descent of <!-- page 167--><a +name="page167"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 167</span>the +Willoughby family from the Gaunts, and about 100 years later +(circa 1213, Survey, as before) William de Willoughby succeeded +to these estates, including the demesne of Thimbleby. He +was ancestor of the present Earl of Ancaster, and Lord Willoughby +de Eresby, who now represents this division in Parliament. +How long the estates, in whole or in part, remained with the +Willoughbys is not clear; but we have evidence of their +connection with Thimbleby nearly 100 years later, in a document +dated 1302, <a name="citation167a"></a><a href="#footnote167a" +class="citation">[167a]</a> concerning a dispute as to lands in +Thimbleby, Langton, Woodhall, and several other parishes, between +John de Bec and Robert Wylgherby, the two families being related; +in which the said Robert surrenders to the said John all property +in dispute, for his lifetime, on condition that, after his +decease, the whole shall revert to the said John Willoughby, and +his heirs, for ever. <a name="citation167b"></a><a +href="#footnote167b" class="citation">[167b]</a></p> +<p>From this time we find other names connected with the +parish. Indeed prior to this, in a charter of Bardney +Abbey, dated “at the Chapter of the Convent, on Sunday next +after the Ascension of our Lord” (22nd May) 1281; we have +among the witnesses, along with others belonging to Edlington, +Wispington, and Baumber, “Master Bartholomew of +Thimbleby,” and John Crayck of the same, the former being +probably the Rector. <a name="citation167c"></a><a +href="#footnote167c" class="citation">[167c]</a> This +charter refers to certain lands and tenements, the gift to the +abbey of “Walter, son of Gilbert, de Bolingbrog,” +<i>i.e.</i> Walter, the son of Gilbert de Gaunt, already +named. In another Bardney charter, dated four years later +(30th Sept., 1285), we find again the same Thimbleby witnesses, +with Alured of Woodhall, and others. <a +name="citation167d"></a><a href="#footnote167d" +class="citation">[167d]</a></p> +<p>Three years later than this, in an official inquiry, held at +Lincoln, as to certain knights’ fees, which belonged to +Elyas de Rabayn and his wife Matilda (12th Nov., 1288), the +jurors declare that “Robert de Rothwell holds in Thymelby +and Horncastre,” certain “rents of assize, to be paid +at the Feast of St. Michael, the Nativity of the Lord, Easter, +and St. Botulph” (June 17), amounting to 12s.</p> +<p>A more interesting record is the following. We may +premise that the Norman noble, St. Quintin (so named from a town +of France, in the department of Aisne, the Augusta Veromanduorum +of the Romans), came over among the followers of William the +Conqueror, and his name appears in the famous “Battle +Roll” of 1066. A Final Concord, of date A.D. 1293, +states that on the Quindene of the purification of the Blessed +Mary (<i>i.e.</i> the 5th day after), a dispute having arisen +between Herbert de St. Quintin on the one part, and Ascelina de +Waterville and Matilda de Diva on the other part, the two latter +being tenants of 3½ carucates of land (<i>i.e.</i> 420 +acres) in Thymeleby; it was settled that the said Ascelina and +Matilda should acknowledge the said land to be the right of +Herbert; and for this Herbert granted them, as his tenants, all +the said lands, except six oxgangs (<i>i.e.</i> 90 acres) which +were occupied in separate parcels, by Baldrick, Hogge, Alfsi, +Godric, Walfric, and others; and for this the said Ascelina and +Matilda gave him, in acknowledgment, 40 marks.</p> +<p>A few years after this date it would appear that the Bishop of +Carlisle exercised a kind of ecclesiastical lordship over this +parish. Thimbleby was in the soke of Horncastle, and Ralph +de Rhodes, the former Lord of the demesne <!-- page 168--><a +name="page168"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 168</span>of +Horncastle, with its appurtenances, West Ashby, High Toynton, +&c., had granted these (by charter confirmed by Henry III., +A.D. 1230) to Walter Mauclerk, Bishop of Carlisle, and his +successors.</p> +<p>Accordingly in an old document of the early 14th century, we +find that John de Halghton, Bishop of Carlisle, gave consent for +William de Foletby to convey certain lands in Thimelby, Langton, +and Horncastle, to the Abbot and Convent of Kirkstead, to provide +two monks, to celebrate daily services for the souls of the +faithful deceased. The witnesses were Richard de Wodehall, +William de Polam (Poolham), and others. “Dated at +Horncastre, on this day of St. Barnabas, 5 Ed. II., 11 June, A.D. +1312” <a name="citation168a"></a><a href="#footnote168a" +class="citation">[168a]</a> This shows a connection with +the monastery of Kirkstead, to which we shall refer +hereafter.</p> +<p>We next come to a record of special interest, of rather later +date. The family of Thimbleby, Thymelby, Thimoldby, +&c., doubtless took their name from this parish, at a period +lost in hoar antiquity. They acquired in course of time +extensive property in various parts of the county. The +chief branch of the family resided at Irnham Park, near Grantham, +which was acquired (about 1510) by Richard Thimbleby, through his +marriage with the heiress of Godfrey Hilton, whose ancestor, Sir +Geoffrey Hilton, Knight, had obtained it by marriage with the +heiress of the Luterels, a very ancient family, several members +of which were summoned to Parliament as Barons, in the 12th +century.</p> +<p>The earlier members of the Thimbleby family are called, +expressly, Thomas de Thymelby, Nicholas de Thymbylby, and so +forth, shewing their connection with this parish. The +family name of Thimelby still survives in the neighbourhood of +Spilsby.</p> +<p>The first mention of a Thimbleby, as an owner in Thimbleby, +occurs in a Post Mortem Inquisition, held at Holtham (Haltham), +on Friday next after the Feast of St. Matthew (Sept. 21), A.D. +1333; where the jurors say that Nicholas de Thymelby held, with +certain other lands in the neighbourhood, two messuages and four +acres of land in Thymelby, of the Bishop of Carlisle, and that +the said Nicholas died on the Feast of the Purification (Feb. +2nd); and that his son Thomas, aged 19, was heir. <a +name="citation168b"></a><a href="#footnote168b" +class="citation">[168b]</a></p> +<p>Then follow a grant of land and other privileges, by the +Bishop of Carlisle, in Horncastle and Upper Toynton, to Thomas, +son of Nicholas de Thymelby. Thomas presented to the +Benefice of Ruckland in 1381. His son John married Joan, +daughter of Sir Walter Taillebois; whose mother was daughter and +heir of Gilbert Burdon (or Barradon), whose wife was sister and +heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus. Thus the family +kept growing in importance. <a name="citation168c"></a><a +href="#footnote168c" class="citation">[168c]</a></p> +<p>Our last mention of this family, in connection with Thimbleby, +shows a still greater expansion. An Inquisition taken 12th +August, 4 Ed. VI. (1550), after the death of Matthew Thimbleby, +of Polam, Esq., shows that he married Anne, daughter of Sir John +Hussey, and that he was seised of six manors besides that of +Thimelby; also of lands in eight other parishes, with the +advowsons of the churches of Tetforde, Farrafford, Ruckland, and +Somersby. <a name="citation168d"></a><a href="#footnote168d" +class="citation">[168d]</a> His widow married Sir Robert +Savile, Knt.</p> +<p>Soon after the first mention of a Thymelby of Thimbleby, we +find another family of some note connected with this +parish. In an agreement made at <!-- page 169--><a +name="page169"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +169</span>“Langton near Horncaster, 8 August, A.D. 1370, +Peter Skynner of Ely, and Alice his wife, for some consideration +not named, surrender to William de Atherby and his heirs, all +their rights in certain lands and tenements in Woodhall, Langton, +Thymelby, Horncastre, Thornton,” &c. <a +name="citation169a"></a><a href="#footnote169a" +class="citation">[169a]</a> These lands had evidently been +held by the said Peter Skynner and his wife.</p> +<p>The Skynners were a family of wealth and position. In +1315 Robert and Richard Skynner held the manor of Pinchbeck, near +Spalding. <a name="citation169b"></a><a href="#footnote169b" +class="citation">[169b]</a> They were also land owners in +Hareby and Bolingbroke. Henry Skynner, by will, dated 29th +May, 1612, leaves to his daughter Judith, all his copyhold in +Harebie, to his brother, Sir Vincent Skynner, Knight, lands in +Hareby and other places, with the advowson of the Benefice. +Sir Vincent Skynner was Lord of the Manor of Thornton Curtis; he +was in 1604 appointed by the crown Keeper of East Kirkby Park, as +part of the Royal manor, or “Honour,” of +Bolingbroke. His son William married a daughter of Sir +Edward Coke, Knight, and was buried at Thornton Curtis, August +17th, A.D. 1626.</p> +<p>We find mention of another owner of land in Thimbleby, in the +15th century, whose apparent love of pelf would seem to have +tempted him to defraud the king of his dues. A certain +Thomas Knyght, of the City of Lincoln, Esquire, died in the 10th +year of the reign of Henry VII. (A D 1495), seized of lands and +tenements “in Thembleby,” and other places. At +the Inquisition then held, the jurors found that he had alienated +certain parts of the property, “the Royal license therefor +not being obtained, to the prejudice and deception of the lord +the King,” and the property passed to his son and heir +William, who took possession, with “a like evasion of dues, +to the King’s prejudice.” What penalty was +imposed is not stated; but it was a somewhat remarkable +coincidence, that, as shewn in another Inquisition made the +following year (A.D. 1496), certain witnesses deposed that on the +20th day of June, A.D. 1476 (<i>i.e.</i> 19 years before his +decease), the said Thomas Knyght, and his servants, about the +middle of the night “broke and dug the soil of the parlour +of his house, and found £1,000, and more, of the coinage of +the Treasury . . . there placed and hidden,” which as +“tresour-trove, by reason of the prerogative of the lord +the King, ought to come to his use, &c.” This has +all a very suspicious look, Knyght would not have ordered this +search for the money if he had not himself known of its being +there. It looks like a previous attempt at concealment, in +some way to defraud the revenue, which Knyght himself afterwards +felt was a failure, and that it was safer to exhume the hoard +himself, rather than that public officials should do it. +Altogether it would seem that “Thomas Knyght, of the City +of Lincoln, Esquire,” was somewhat of a sordid character, +and not a proprietor for Thimbleby to be proud of.</p> +<p>We now proceed to records more ecclesiastical. We have +already noted that, with the consent of the Bishop of Carlisle, +William de Foletby, in the 14th century conveyed lands in +Thimbleby to the Abbot of Kirkstead. This would seem to +imply a previous connection of this parish with that monastery, +to attract the Thimbleby proprietor to it. Accordingly we +find that, among the various properties of the Abbey, granted by +Hugh Brito, its founder (A.D. 1139), and other benefactors, were +90 acres of land in Thimbleby, with the advowson of the +Benefice. In those days there was only a very limited +number <!-- page 170--><a name="page170"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 170</span>of resident clergy in the country +parishes, <a name="citation170a"></a><a href="#footnote170a" +class="citation">[170a]</a> the churches being served largely by +the monks of the monasteries. In some cases these were +“itinerant clerks,” in other cases there was a +“grange,” or dependency, of the monastery in the +parish, having a “cell,” or “hermitage,” +for a priest.</p> +<p>Thimbleby was not among the number of parishes which had a +church before the conquest, as Edlington and several other +neighbouring parishes had; but there is no doubt that a church +was erected here soon after that period, which, like the +neighbouring Woodhall, was connected with Kirkstead, and here, as +at Woodhall, there are traces of a moated enclosure eastward of +the church, which doubtless was the site of the grange.</p> +<p>The Abbot of Kirkstead exercised the powers of a superior lord +here in a somewhat arbitrary fashion; it being complained against +him before Royal Commissioners as early as the reign of Edward +I., that he had erected here “furcœ,” or a +gallows, on which various criminals had been executed; and that +he had appropriated to himself the assize of bread and beer here, +and at Horncastle. <a name="citation170b"></a><a +href="#footnote170b" class="citation">[170b]</a> But +“blessed are the peacemakers,” and the abbots, with +wholesome influence, were able, when occasion served, to produce +harmony out of discordant elements; as the following records show +(quoted from Final Concords): “In three weeks from the day +of the Nativity of the Blessed Mary, 10 Henry III. (28th Sept., +A.D. 1226),” a dispute arising between Reginald, Rector of +Thymelby, and Peter, son of John, tenant of a certain messuage +and toft in Thymelby. Peter was induced to give up his +claim, in favour of Reginald and his successors; and for this the +said Reginald gave him one mark, in recognition of the +concession. Which agreement was made in the presence of +Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, who himself gave to the church of +Thymelby all right which he had in rent, which he was wont to +receive; not however without an equivalent, which—being +wise in his generation—he was careful to secure; for +Reginald, in return, gave him a certain sum “to buy a rent +in another place.”</p> +<p>The worldly wisdom of the same abbot appears again in the +following Concord: On the morrow of St. Michael, 10 Henry III. +(30th Sept. A.D. 1226); a dispute between Sarah, the wife of Alan +de Tymelby, and Henry, Abbot of Kirkstead, about a certain meadow +in Tymelby, was happily settled (it being to the soul’s +peril to incur an abbot’s anathema!) by the said Sarah +giving up all claim to the meadow in favour of the said Abbot, +and his successors; in recognition of which he gave her one +mark.</p> +<p>A gap now occurs in our history, which can only be filled in, +for a time, by conjecture. On the dissolution of the +monasteries by Henry VIII., the possessions of Kirkstead Abbey +were granted by him to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk; on whose +death without issue, they reverted to the sovereign, and were +re-granted to the Earl of Lincoln, of the Fiennes Clinton family, +subsequently Dukes of Newcastle. The Abbey lands in +Thimbleby are not, so far as we know, specially named in this +grant, and therefore we are unable to say positively whether that +family acquired property in Thimbleby or not; but they had +undoubtedly property in Horncastle and neighbourhood. For +instance the manor of Baumber remained in their hands, and +Baumber Church continued to be the family burial place, until the +3rd Duke of Newcastle, late in the 18th century, sold that estate +to T. Livesey, Esq.</p> +<p><!-- page 171--><a name="page171"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +171</span>A few years later, however, we have official evidence +that the manor and advowson of Thimbleby were vested in the +sovereign. By a deed (a copy of which is in the +Rector’s possession) dated 10th April, 7 Edward VI. (A.D. +1553), of the Court of Augmentations, a toft and messuage in +Thimbleby were granted by the King to John Welcome; also +“the lordship and manor of Thimblebye, with all its rights, +&c., lately belonging to the monastery of Kirkstead;” +also “the advowson and right of patronage of the Rectory +and Church of Thymmelbie, aforesaid.” In the next +reign, of Mary, the benefice was presented, by the Queen herself, +to William Brantinghame, being admitted on her nomination 19th +Sept., 1554. <a name="citation171a"></a><a href="#footnote171a" +class="citation">[171a]</a></p> +<p>A deed of that reign, dated 6th Feb., 1 and 2 Philip and Mary +(1554), grants certain lands belonging to the manor of +Thimblebie, to Anthony Kyme, for 21 years, at 10s. per annum</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p171b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Margaret’s Church, Thimbleby" +title= +"St. Margaret’s Church, Thimbleby" +src="images/p171s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Next, in the reign of Elizabeth, a deed dated 9th March, 4 +Elizabeth (1562), grants certain tofts and lands to John Porter, +for 21 years, at a rent of 18s. per annum; and finally, by deed +dated June 30th, 1564, Elizabeth in consideration of the sum of +£609 5s. 2d., confirms the above grants and leases to +William Conyers and William Haber, both of the Middle Temple, the +patronage of the Rectory, “to be held with the manor of Est +Grenwich, in the countie of Kent, free of all duty or military +service.”</p> +<p>After a further hiatus in the parish history, we find another +link in the records. The former property of the Thimblebys, +of Poolham, and elsewhere, had been sold to a member of the +Bolles family, in 1600; and Mr. Weir <a +name="citation171b"></a><a href="#footnote171b" +class="citation">[171b]</a> tells us that in the reign of Charles +II. the manor of Thimbleby belonged to Sir <!-- page 172--><a +name="page172"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 172</span>Robert +Bolles, of Scampton. From Liber Regis we find that Sir John +Bolles presented to the benefice of Thimbleby in 1697, and +doubtless was Lord of the Manor. This Sir John sold his +property, and according to the antiquarian, Browne Willis +(Ecton’s Thesaurus), in the reign of Queen Anne, the +patronage of the benefice belonged to “Mr. +Kercheval”</p> +<p>In 1719 and 1725 John Hockin, Clerk, presented.</p> +<p>In 1720 the manor and advowson were bought by John Hotchkin, +Esq., of Tixover; and a Thimbleby record, preserved with the +registers, shows that the Hotchkins have presented from about +that time till recently. In 1767 (Sept. 10th), Allen +Corrance was admitted on the cession of John Kercheval, by Thomas +Hotchkin, Esq., of Alexton, Co. Leicester. In 1778 William +Holmes, M.A., was admitted to the rectory by John Hotchkin, Esq., +of South Luffenham, on the death of Allen Corrance. In 1831 +(Sept. 21st) Robert Charles Herbert Hotchkin, B.A., was +instituted at the rectory, on the death of William Holmes, on the +nomination of Thomas Hotchkin, Esq., of Tixover. The late +T. J. Stafford Hotchkin, Esq., of Woodhall Manor, sold his +property in Thimbleby and some other parishes in 1872; and the +advowson of this benefice, then in his gift, was subsequently +sold to the father of the present Rector, the Rev. C. A. +Potter.</p> +<p>There is another name on record, connected with Thimbleby, +which we have not yet mentioned. Among a list of the gentry +of Lincolnshire, made on the Royal Herald’s Visitation of +the County, in 1634, which is still preserved at the +Heralds’ office, is the name of “Robert Frieston, of +Thimbleby.” What position he held, or whether he was +a land owner, in the parish, is not stated, but he ranked with +Thomas Cressy (of a very old family), of Kirkby-on-Bain; the +Dymokes of Scrivelsby, Haltham, and Kime; Heneage of Hainton, +&c. <a name="citation172a"></a><a href="#footnote172a" +class="citation">[172a]</a></p> +<p>There is a smaller manor in this parish called the Hall-garth, +the residence attached to which is a picturesque old thatched +mansion, with an old-time garden, enclosed within high and thick +hedges of yew, trimmed in Dutch fashion. It has also a +large “stew,” or fish-pond, from which, doubtless, in +Roman Catholic times, the owners drew their supply of carp and +tench, for the numerous fast-days then observed. Old title +deeds show that this was at one time crown property. <a +name="citation172b"></a><a href="#footnote172b" +class="citation">[172b]</a> At a later date it was owned by +a family named Boulton, who also held land in Stixwould, where +there is still the slab of a Boulton tomb in the pavement of the +aisle of the church.</p> +<p>A slab, on the south side of Thimbleby Church, bears the +inscription: “Here lyeth the body of Michael, the son of +Mr. Michael and Elizabeth Boulton, buried the 7th of Septemr, +1692, ætatis suæ 7. His mother the 28th of May, +Anno Dom. 1725, ætat suæ 61.” The +Register has the following entries, “1725, Mrs. Boulton, ye +wife of Mr. Mich. Boulton, buried May 28th.” +“1738, Michael Boulton buried May 8th.” The +last entry connected with this family is that of “Michael, +son of Michael and Mary Boulton,” who was baptized in 1726 +and buried in 1767.</p> +<p>These were the ancestors of the late Mr. Henry Boulton, of St. +Mary’s Square, Horncastle. Michael Boulton, in 1719, +left 40s. a year, from the Hall estate, at Bransby near Stow, for +the education of poor children at Thimbleby; leaving also a +bequest for the poor at Bransby.</p> +<p><!-- page 173--><a name="page173"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +173</span>At the beginning of the 19th century this manor was +held jointly by Richard Elmhirst, Esq., of Usselby, and Mr. +Thomas Kemp, the latter of whom resided at the Old Hall. <a +name="citation173a"></a><a href="#footnote173a" +class="citation">[173a]</a> There is a field at the west +end of the village, now the property of H. N. Coates, Esq., +traversed by mounds and ditches, which was formerly divided into +three separate plots, belonging to Elmhirst, Kemp, and +Hotchkin. The Kemps were of an old stock. In the +Thimbleby Registers the first mention of them is in 1723, <a +name="citation173b"></a><a href="#footnote173b" +class="citation">[173b]</a> but their name implies a much greater +antiquity. One theory has been that they were a Huguenot +family, who came over to England at the time of the French +massacre of Protestants, on St. Bartholomew’s day, +1572. Those refugees, in their enforced poverty, prosecuted +various kinds of useful industries; and the Kemps, it is +suggested, acquired their name from being kempsters, or comb +makers.</p> +<p>But it is probable that the name had a much earlier +origin. Kemp (Saxon Cempa) meant a soldier <a +name="citation173c"></a><a href="#footnote173c" +class="citation">[173c]</a> being connected with the +Norman-French and modern English “Champion;” and +although we might look back with pride to forefathers who +suffered for their religion, it is pleasanter, if only in +imagination, to regard them as having been a race of doughty +warriors, sufficiently distinguished to win a name by their +deeds. <a name="citation173d"></a><a href="#footnote173d" +class="citation">[173d]</a></p> +<p>Mr. Thomas Kemp, in the first half of the 19th century, was a +wealthy bachelor, and added to the Hall-garth estate by the +purchase, from time to time, of adjacent property. He lived +in some style, with two maiden sisters to keep house for +him. By his will the land at Thimbleby passed into the +possession of his great nephew, Robert Edwin Kemp; another +nephew, Samuel Harrison Kemp, inheriting most of the personal +estate. But alas! liveried servants, crests and arms, and +other emblems of wealth have become things of the past; for when +this Robert died the property passed to his son, Thomas Kemp, in +whose hands the patrimony speedily evaporated; and other members +of the family are now dispersed, “their places knowing them +no more,” save as a lingering memory, which will soon be +gone.</p> +<p>The interesting old hall and the manor were then bought by +Reuben Roberts, Esq., of Linden House, Horncastle, who resides +there in the summer. He also owns other land in the +parish. Other owners are E. Hassard, <!-- page 174--><a +name="page174"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 174</span>Esq., of +Edlington Park; H. N. Coates, Esq., of Langton Manor; the +trustees of the late Mr. Samuel Goe, and several smaller +proprietors. Mrs. Tebbutt, of Horncastle, a relict of an +old Thimbleby family, whose name appears frequently in the parish +books, is now Lady of the Manor.</p> +<p>Some 200 yards east of the church and on the south side of the +main road is a large field, the property of Mr. Henry N. Coates +of Langton, which is known as “The Butts.” It +has some fine trees, apparently the remains of an extensive +avenue, which have been more numerous even within living +memory. It has been sometimes called “The Park +Close,” but the title “The Butts” is +interesting, as probably indicating that it was formerly the site +on which (in the words of a rhymer, it may be said):</p> +<blockquote><p>England’s archers of old,<br /> +Village wights true and bold,<br /> +Unerring in hand and in eye,<br /> +Learned skill in their craft<br /> +With yew-bow and shaft,<br /> +Wand to splinter, or pierce the bull’s-eye.</p> +<p>And while the youth gay,<br /> +Rough rivals, essay<br /> +To rive and riddle each butt,<br /> +Sage sires stand by,<br /> +And coy maidens cry,<br /> +To welcome the winning shot.</p> +<p>Full many such scene<br /> +Has been witnessed, I ween,<br /> +In that whilome time-honoured spot,<br /> +’Neath the wide-spreading shade<br /> +Of the green wood glade<br /> +Which is still named the “Thimbleby Butt.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In this “Butts” field rises a spring, which is the +source of a small runnel, called “Daubeny’s +Beck.” This bearing westward, for some distance forms +the boundary between the parishes of Thimbleby and Langton, then +flowing through Woodhall falls into the “Monk’s +Beck,” at Poolham. The name “Daubeny” is +doubtless a corruption of D’ Albini. The D’ +Albinis held the Barony, and built the castle of Belvoir, and had +other large possessions in this county and elsewhere; the name is +not uncommon as a field name, &c. There is a field in +Langton called “Daubeny’s (<i>i.e.</i> D’ +Albini’s) Walk.”</p> +<p>In the grounds of Mr. W. A. Crowder, further to the east, near +the Lincoln “Ramper,” as the highway is locally +called, there was found, a few years ago, a so-called +“Roman” tomb, somewhat rudely constructed of blocks +of Spilsby sandstone. Within it was a human skeleton, with +bones of a dog, a sword, and the head of a spear. In +connection with this, we may also mention, that in the Rectory +grounds there is an ancient well, of great depth, lined also with +Spilsby sandstone, and said to be Roman; which in the immediate +proximity of the Cornucastrum, or Roman fort of Banovallum, would +not seem to be at all improbable.</p> +<p>An old parish book of Thimbleby, recently shown to the writer, +proves the care which was taken by the parish officials, before +the present poor law system was established, to secure the +comfort and maintenance of poorer parishioners.</p> +<p>At a parish meeting, Nov. 1st, 1819, Thomas Kemp, +Churchwarden, in the chair, it was ordered that John +Sharp’s daughter was to have a gown and pettycoat, worsted +for two pairs of stockings, and one blue apron. Four boys +<!-- page 175--><a name="page175"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +175</span>were to have two smocks each, and eight old people a +strike of coals each per week. At another meeting Margaret +Day was to have worsted for two pairs of socks for her two boys, +herself to spin it; and one pair of shoes for her daughter. +Robert Kemp, and his son Richard, in order to find them work were +to be paid 2s. per day, to “gether” stones for the +parish.</p> +<p>Again, Maria Day’s shoes were to be mended; Mary Atkin +to have a pair of blankets, and her chamber window put in and +thatched. Benj. Benton one pair of shoes, Willm. Adkin a +waistcoat. Mary King’s family four shirts, two pairs +of shoes, three frocks, three petticoats, and three dabs +(<i>i.e.</i> pinafores). A pair of breeches for George +Skipworth; Willm. Skipworth to have a spade.</p> +<p>Again, Mr. Thos. Kemp was “to be allowed £20 for +the use of the poor-house, to be insured for £200 by the +parish, and, when given up to be left in the same +state.”</p> +<p>At a meeting on 7th August, 1820, Robert Dixon in the chair, +it was ordered that all paupers receiving assistance should +regularly attend Divine Service, and on their non-attendance the +assistance should be stopped. Mary Todd was to receive her +money (which had been stopped) having given satisfaction to the +vestry for not attending the church. Mary Hobbins’ +boy to be put to school. “To get the Lord’s +Prayer, and the ‘I believe,’ put in the church at the +parish expense.”</p> +<p>At a meeting held 27th August, 1830, Thomas Kemp in the chair, +it was agreed that £75 be borrowed of Mr. Thos. Kemp, to +pay Mrs. Farmer’s expenses to America, to be repaid by the +parish, 30s. weekly, with legal interest. Church rates are +now among the “has beens,” but in 1843 a rate was +passed of “1d. in the pound for the support of the church, +and 10d. in the pound for the highway repairs.”</p> +<p>In the churchyard, along the south side of the church, are a +group of gravestones of the Kemp family. Eastward are +several of the Marshall family, formerly numerous here, and in +the neighbourhood, holding a respectable position, but now +extinct. <a name="citation175"></a><a href="#footnote175" +class="citation">[175]</a> There are also a number of tombs +of the Todd family, respectable small farmers, resident in the +parish, from the first notice of a burial, June 24th, 1738, down +to recent years. The Tebbuts and Dixons were also resident, +as tenants or small owners, for many years.</p> +<p>Among the marriage registers, which date from 1695, is the +following note: “March 23, 1779, a marriage was attempted +to be solemnized; but the intended bridegroom, to the great +surprise of the congregation assembled, remaining away, the +ceremony, &c. . . .” The rest is illegible.</p> +<p>We have now to speak of the church. The present edifice +stands on the site of a former 14th century church, which, +judging by the remains that have been found, must have been of +much larger dimensions, and consisted of nave, two aisles, +chancel, and bell tower; the total breadth having been +52-ft. Several fragments of stained glass have, at various +times, been found in digging graves, showing that this early +church, like several others in the neighbourhood, had good +coloured windows. This was taken down in 1744, and from the +materials remaining a small fabric was erected in its place, +consisting of nave and apsed chancel, with no pretensions +whatever to architectural beauty. This (as has been +generally the case with badly constructed edifices of that +period) became also, in turn, so decayed that the present Rector, +on entering <!-- page 176--><a name="page176"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 176</span>on the benefice, decided to rebuild +the church once more; and in 1879 the present structure was +completed at a cost of over £1,000, in the best early +Decorated style.</p> +<p>It consists of nave, chancel, organ chamber on the south, and +an octagonal bell turret, designed by the late Mr. James Fowler, +the Architect, and containing one small modern bell, graven with +the date and initials of W. Carey, Churchwarden in 1744, <a +name="citation176a"></a><a href="#footnote176a" +class="citation">[176a]</a> who demolished the old church. +The nave has three two-light windows, of the decorated style, in +the north and south walls; there is a square-headed two-light +window in the organ chamber; the chancel has a single-light +window in the north and south walls, with a good east window of +three lights, trefoiled, and with a triangle of trefoils +above. In the north wall is a credence recess, and in the +south wall are two stone sedilia. The tiles within the +chancel rails are copied from ancient tiles, which were found +some years ago, at Revesby Abbey. In the west front, over +the door, is a large two-light window, and above it a clock, the +only village church clock in the neighbourhood, by Smith of +Derby. Within the west doorway, let into the north wall of +the tower basement, is a fragment of an old battlement, having a +shield in the centre, probably a relic from the original +church. The font is modern, having a plain octagonal bowl, +shaft, and pediment. The roof is of pitch pine, the timbers +being supported by plain corbels. The lectern, chancel +stalls, and communion table are of good modern oak</p> +<p>Used as a stile in the south fence of the churchyard is a +large slab, on which, above ground, is the matrix of a former +brass, representing one figure, with a broad transverse bar for +an inscription, and connecting it with other figures, which are +now below the ground. <a name="citation176b"></a><a +href="#footnote176b" class="citation">[176b]</a></p> +<p>The church plate includes an interesting paten, presented to +the church in 1837, by the mother of the late Rector, but bearing +hall-marks of 1727–8, with the letter M and a five-pointed +star below. The chalice is still more interesting, as it +bears an old Lincoln hall-mark, of date about 1570; there are +only eight other known examples of this period in the county.</p> +<p>The rectory is a commodious house, built in 1839, doubtless on +the site of the former monastic grange; it stands in an extensive +garden, embowered among trees of goodly growth. A fine oil +painting at the present time adorns the entrance hall. It +is reputed to be by Spagnoletto, and was formerly in the +monastery of St. Jerome, in Lisbon. Its size is 5-ft. by +4-ft., the subject being St. Jerome translating the Vulgate +scriptures.</p> +<h3>WEST ASHBY.</h3> +<p>This parish, like High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill and Wood +Enderby, was formerly a hamlet of Horncastle, of which it adjoins +the northern boundary. We find them all coupled together in +an extract from the Testa de Nevill <!-- page 177--><a +name="page177"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 177</span>[folio 348 +(556), quoted <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. +215] as follows: “The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, +and of Upper Thinton, and of Meringes, and of Hinderby, are of +the gift of the Lord,” <i>i.e.</i> the Lord of the +Manor. In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is called Aschebi. +Queen Editha, wife of Edward the Confessor, who owned various +lands in this neighbourhood, was Lady of this Manor, as well as +that of Horncastle. She held here six carucates of land (or +about 720 acres), besides which there were 45 soc-men, 5 +villeins, and 13 bordars, with eight carucates (or about 960 +acres), and 500 acres of meadow and pasture. +(<i>Domesday</i>, “Soke of Horncastle.”)</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p177b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"The Manor House, West Ashby" +title= +"The Manor House, West Ashby" +src="images/p177s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><i>Domesday</i> also mentions that the Saxon thane, +Chetelburn, who had property in Coningsby, Keal, Candlesby, +Friskney, and other places in the county, had at Ashby “a +mill worth 12s. yearly,” a very considerable sum in those +days. The manor was afterwards held by the Conqueror +himself (<i>Domesday</i>, “Property of the King”); +and it would seem, although there is no direct evidence of it, +that he bestowed the manor on one of his chief favourites, +Ranulph de Paganall, who received from his sovereign extensive +grants in the counties of Somerset, Devon, York, Northampton, and +Lincoln, <a name="citation177"></a><a href="#footnote177" +class="citation">[177]</a> including all the lands formerly held +by the Saxon Merleswain, in this county and elsewhere. +Ranulph Paganall founded (A.D. 1089) the Priory of the Holy +Trinity in York, said to have been built on the site of a former +Roman heathen temple; one of his family, Helias Pagnall, being +subsequently Prior of this institution, and Canon of Selby. +When the present Church of the Holy <!-- page 178--><a +name="page178"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 178</span>Trinity was +restored in 1904, among other ancient monuments, was found the +slab of the tomb of Ralph Ranulph, which is still preserved in +the church, along with sculptures commemorative of St. Benedict, +St. Martin of Tours, Prior Helias, and others. <a +name="citation178a"></a><a href="#footnote178a" +class="citation">[178a]</a></p> +<p>Ranulph, by charter of that date, endowed the abbey with +two-thirds of the tithes of Ashby; which was further confirmed by +charters of 1100, 1125, and 1179. This Ranulph Paganall was +Sheriff of Yorkshire. The last known representative of his +family was William Paganall, summoned to Parliament as a Baron in +the reign of Edward III. Dugdale states <a +name="citation178b"></a><a href="#footnote178b" +class="citation">[178b]</a> that the Priory of the Holy Trinity +was made, by its founder, a dependency or cell of the greater +monastery (marmonstier) of the above, St. Martin in Touraine; and +by the Inquisition, taken at York, 34 Ed. I., it was found that +he claimed no portion of the temporalities of the Priory, beyond +the right to place an official there, during the vacancy of the +priorate, as temporary custodian. The name Paganall became +in later times softened into Paynell; they were at one time Lords +of Bampton.</p> +<p>At a later period the manor of Ashby, probably with that of +Horncastle, belonged to Gerard de Rhodes and his descendant, +Ralph; since in a Charter Roll of 14 Henry III. (pt. i, M. 12), +we find that King’s confirmation of a grant, made by the +said Ralph, to Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, of “the manor of +Horncastle, with the soke, and the advowsons of the churches, and +all other things pertaining to the same in all places,” +evidently including the churches of the hamlets as well as that +of the town. Among the witnesses to this are Gervase, +Archdeacon of Carlisle; and Henry de Capella; the latter name +being noticeable because, as will be seen below, Ashby was called +“Capella.” <a name="citation178c"></a><a +href="#footnote178c" class="citation">[178c]</a></p> +<p>The Abbey of Kirkstead had a grange in Ashby, which after the +dissolution of the monasteries, was granted in the 5th year of +Edward VI., to William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Lord High Treasurer +of England; this is now part of the Ashby Thorpe estate. <a +name="citation178d"></a><a href="#footnote178d" +class="citation">[178d]</a> In 1820 this was the property +of Mr. Joseph Rinder. It is now partly owned by the Booth +family, and partly by the Smedley trustees.</p> +<p>The parish is still divided into Far Thorpe, Church Thorpe, +and Middle Thorpe. Far Thorpe included the farms held by +the late Mr. Griffin and Mr. Addison. Mr. Wattam’s +house, which is moated, was the old Midthorpe Hall. As +being a hamlet of Horncastle, the benefice was formerly called +Ashby “Capella,” or the Ashby Chapelry; and like +Horncastle, Wood Enderby, High Toynton, and Mareham is given in +“Liber Regis” as in the patronage of the Bishop of +Carlisle. Until recently it was a perpetual curacy, in +value about £50 a year; but about 30 years ago, on the +enfranchisement of certain episcopal lands, the Ecclesiastical +Commissioners endowed it to the extent of £300 a year, and +built a substantial vicarage. The patronage is now with the +Lord Chancellor by exchange with Kirk Oswald, Cumberland.</p> +<p>The church, All Saints, is of considerable size, being one of +the largest village churches in the neighbourhood, mainly in the +Perpendicular style, and substantially built, consisting of +tower, nave, and chancel, the two latter of the same elevation +throughout. The tower has three old bells, and a peal of +eight tubular bells. Gervase Holles gives the inscriptions +on the bells as being:</p> +<p><!-- page 179--><a name="page179"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +179</span>1. Sit nomen Domini benedictum.</p> +<p>2. Intonat e cælis vox campana Michaelis.</p> +<p>3. Sum rosa pulsata Mundi Maria vocata.</p> +<p>One of these was, some years ago, re-cast; and now bears the +inscription “voco ad templum, date 1759.”</p> +<p>The main features of the church are as follows: the porch arch +is semi-circular, Norman, the west window in the tower is +unusually high, 12-ft. by 4-ft. in width, of three lights. +The north aisle has four bays. The nave, in the south wall, +has two three-light windows, the western one perpendicular and +having pointed arch, the eastern square headed. In the +north wall there is a three-light debased decorated window. +In the west wall of the north aisle is a two-light window of +coloured glass, in memory of Augustus Elmhirst; and in its +eastern wall is a three-light memorial window to his sister, Mrs. +Elizabeth Jane Ruck Keene. In the south wall of the chancel +are two late four-centre two-light windows; and in the north wall +a three-light flamboyant window. Gervase Holles mentions a +north chancel window having “sa. a crosse between 4 +cinquefoyles arg. . . .,” <a name="citation179"></a><a +href="#footnote179" class="citation">[179]</a> but this has +disappeared. The east window is modern, with three +lights. A new window was erected, in 1907, in the north +aisle (corresponding to a window inserted in 1905, in memory of +General and Mrs. Elmhirst), by Mr. H. R. Elmhirst, to the memory +of his late wife, Lilian Frances, nee Hatfeild; the artists were +Powell and Sons; the subject Faith, Hope and Love represented by +three figures.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p179b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"All Saints’ Church, West Ashby" +title= +"All Saints’ Church, West Ashby" +src="images/p179s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The communion table has a very handsome cover, with red +frontal, elaborately embroidered with old Roman work. A +carved wooden reredos has recently been presented by Col. and +Mrs. Stack. On a tablet on the north wall <!-- page +180--><a name="page180"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 180</span>is +an elaborate inscription, in memory of Lieutenant Richard +Calthrop, who was killed at the siege of Algiers; erected by his +mother and 10 surviving brothers and sisters; who are said to +have lived to the remarkable average age of 85 years. There +are various tablets commemorative of the families of Rockliffe, +Drewry, Pierce and Elmhirst. There is a north door, as well +as south, to the nave. The font is a plain octagonal one, +perpendicular in style.</p> +<p>The church was restored and reseated in 1873; the tower being +renovated in memory of Mrs. Barnard, otherwise known as +“Claribel,” a well-known musical composer, connected +with the Elmhirst family. It is lofty and massive, +surmounted by four high pinnacles and large gurgoyles at the +angles.</p> +<p>The register dates from 1561. <a name="citation180a"></a><a +href="#footnote180a" class="citation">[180a]</a> The +communion plate consists of a cup, with inscription “Ashby +Chappell, 1758;” a paten presented by “Elizabeth +Pierce, Christmas Day, 1841,” and flagon, given by the +same, in 1859. She was the wife of the Vicar of that day, +the Rev. W. M. Pierce, and an authoress. In the churchyard +are the tombstones of John Thistlewood and his wife; he was +brother of the Cato Street conspirator, and died at Louth, having +formerly resided at Ashby and Wispington.</p> +<p>The late William Elmhirst, Esq., bought the lands here +formerly belonging to the Bishops of Carlisle, and erected a +handsome and substantial residence, in well-wooded grounds; which +in later years passed by purchase to the Booth family, by whom +it, and the estates attached, are now owned. It is at +present occupied by Dr. and Mrs. Newstead. The Elmhirsts +are at present represented by H. R. Elmhirst, Esq., son of the +late General Charles Elmhirst, C.B., who resides at The +Grove.</p> +<h3>HIGH TOYNTON.</h3> +<p>High Toynton is situated about 1½ miles from +Horncastle, in an easterly direction, on the road to Partney and +Spilsby. It would seem to have been formerly, like West +Ashby, an appendage to the Manor of Horncastle. The old +record <a name="citation180b"></a><a href="#footnote180b" +class="citation">[180b]</a> says (as already quoted under West +Ashby) “The church of Horncastre, and of Askeby, and of +Upper Thinton, and of Maringes (Mareham), and of Hinderby, are of +the gift of the lord,” <i>i.e.</i> the Lord of the +Manor. As thus not being a separate manor, it is barely +more than mentioned in <i>Domesday Book</i>, where it is called +Todintune, and Tedingtone. Queen Editha, wife of Edward the +Confessor, would be Lady of the Manor; but William the Conqueror +took possession and held lands here, in demesne, with tenants and +dependants.</p> +<p>That the manor afterwards, along with that of Horncastle, +became the property of Gerard de Rhodes, is shewn by the +following peculiar circumstances. In a Feet of Fines, at +Lincoln, 9 Henry III., No. 52, it is recorded that an agreement +was arranged in the King’s Court at Westminster, (3 Feb., +A.D. 1224–5), between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina his wife, +plaintiffs, and Ralph de Rhodes, a descendant of Gerard, +defendant, whereby certain lands in Upper Tynton, Mareham, and +other places, were recognized by the plaintiffs as the property +of Ralph de Rhodes; they receiving, in lieu thereof, 100½ +acres of land, and 11 acres of meadow, with appurtenances, all in +Upper Tynton. These lands are further specified by name, as +24 acres next Graham (<i>i.e.</i> <!-- page 181--><a +name="page181"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 181</span>Greetham), +12 acres in culture called “Hethoten acre” +(<i>i.e.</i> Heath of ten acres), 9 acres of land in +“Pesewang” (<i>i.e.</i> Peas-field), 5½ acres +in “Sex acre,” 7 acres in Leir-mewang (or low +mead-field), 4 acres in culture of Lange landes, 6 acres in +Whetewang (<i>i.e.</i> wheat-field), and 10 acres in Kruncewang +(<i>qy.</i> crown’s-field?); and further plots not +specially named. The peculiar feature however of their +tenure was, that they and their heirs were “to have and to +hold the said lands for ever . . . rendering therefor by the year +one pair of gilt spurs, or 6d., at Easter, for all service and +exaction.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p181b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. John the Baptist’s Church, High Toynton" +title= +"St. John the Baptist’s Church, High Toynton" +src="images/p181s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>A Pipe Roll (14 Henry III., Lincoln) states that +“Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, holds certain lands +hereditarily of the aforesaid Ralph de Rhodes;” and in a +Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 34 Edward III., 2nd Nrs., No. +29 (1360), mention is made of “Thomas, son of Nicholas de +Thymelby, and John his younger brother, and their heirs,” +as tenants of the Manor of Horncastle, “and of lands in +Over Tynton,” which they “hold of the said +Bishop.” These were scions of the wealthy family of +the Thimblebyies, Lords of Poolham, and other estates. One +of them married a daughter and co-heir of Sir William Fflete, +Knt.; another married a daughter of Sir Walter Tailboys; this Sir +Walter being the son of Henry Tailboys and his wife, Alianora, +daughter and heir of Gilbert Burdon and his wife, Elizabeth, +sister and heir of Gilbert Umfraville, Earl of Angus.</p> +<p><!-- page 182--><a name="page182"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +182</span>By a Close Roll, 20 Henry VII. (part 2 [No. 367] No. +33), it appears that Sir Thomas Dymmok, Knight, had recently +purchased lands in Over Tynton, Nether Tynton, Maring next +Horncastle, and other parishes; which he granted to his son Leo, +and his heirs for ever.</p> +<p>Further, by a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry VII., +No. 61, it is found that Humphrey Conyngesby, Sergeant at Law, +and others instituted a suit on behalf of William Stavely, and +others, by which he recovered to them the Manor of (apparently +Upper) Taunton, the advowson of the church of Nether Taunton, +about 2,700 acres of various land, and the rent of 4½ +quarters of salt in Over Taunton, Nether Taunton, Tetford, and +other parishes.</p> +<p>The Manor, with that of Horncastle, continued for a long +period in the hands of the Bishops of Carlisle; who were patrons +of the benefice until the creation of a bishopric of Manchester, +in 1848, when their patronage in this neighbourhood was +transferred to that See. The Manor, however, with that of +Horncastle, had previously passed to Sir Joseph Banks, and came +eventually to his successors, the Stanhopes. The benefice, +until late years, was a very poor one, being a perpetual curacy, +annexed to Mareham-on-the-Hill; their joint annual value being +£160, without a residence. But when the episcopal +property (the Bishop being Rector) was transferred to the +Ecclesiastical Commissioners, they, with the aid of Queen +Anne’s Bounty, raised the joint benefices to £300 a +year; and in 1869 erected a good residence at Toynton, now +occupied by the Vicar, the Rev. W. Shaw.</p> +<p>The church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was formerly a +very mean structure, dating from the 18th century (1772), in the +worst of styles, with wooden-framed windows, of large square +panes of glass, and having a flat whitewashed ceiling. The +timbers of this had become so decayed that a former +curate-in-charge, mounting to the false roof, to examine them, +fell through, among the square pews below. This incident +led, not too soon, to the rebuilding of the fabric, at a cost of +more than £1,200 in 1872, on the site of the previous +building, as also of an original 13th century edifice. The +present church is a substantial and neat structure in the early +English style, thoroughly well kept, and with several pleasing +features. It consists of nave, chancel, and porch, with +tower and low spire. The nave has, in the north wall, two +single-light narrow pointed windows, and at its eastern end a +two-light window, having a quatrefoil above. In the south +wall there is one single-light and one two-light window, +corresponding to the above; the porch, taking place of a window +at its western end.</p> +<p>The two-light window in the north wall has coloured glass, +with various devices, one being a small copy of the famous +Descent from the Cross, by Rubens, in Antwerp Cathedral; another +the Royal Arms, with the initials V.R. below, and date +1848. The corresponding two-light window in the south wall +has coloured glass “In memory of Eliza, wife of the Rev. T. +Snead Hughes, late Vicar, she died March 9, 1872, aged +57.” The subjects in the two lights are the Ascension +of our Lord, and the three women at the sepulchre, with an angel +pointing upward. In the west wall of the nave are two +pointed windows beneath a cusped circlet, all filled with +coloured glass; the lower subjects being John the Baptist +preaching in the wilderness, and the baptism of our Lord by John +in the Jordan; the upper subject is the angel appearing to +Zachariah; all three having reference to the patron saint of the +church. An inscription states that these are a memorial to +the late Mark Harrison and his wife Ann, erected by their +family.</p> +<p><!-- page 183--><a name="page183"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +183</span>The font is of stone, octagonal, having four different +kinds of crosses on the alternate faces, a circular shaft ending +in octagon, and on octagonal pediment. Within the south +porch, over the outer and inner doorways are old fragments of +massive zigzag pattern, all that remains of a whilom Norman +structure. The modern doorway arch, externally, has a +dog-tooth moulding, with floriated finials. The tower, over +the porch, is square below, octagonal above, with small lancet +windows in each face, and is surmounted by a low spire; it +contains one bell. The roof and sittings are of +pitchpine.</p> +<p>The chancel arch is of massive stone, plain, and of wide +span. In the east wall of the chancel are three narrow +windows, the central higher than the other two; they have good +coloured glass by Clayton and Bell. Beneath is a handsome +reredos of Caen stone, erected in memory of the late Mr. Thomas +Terrot Taylor. It has one large central device, the Agnus +Dei within a circle, and on each side four divisions, containing +a dove with olive leaf, Fleur de Lys, ears of corn, a passion +flower, vine leaves and grapes, a crown, a rose, and a +conventional flower. On each side are memorial tablets of +the Ball family. In the south wall is a brass tablet in +memory of Mr. Taylor, and a small pointed window. In the +north wall is a doorway leading to the vestry. Within the +vestry, lighted by a similar small pointed window, are three more +Ball tablets, and a priest’s door. In the centre of +the nave floor, close to the chancel step, is a large slab +“In memory of the Rev. William Robinson, 22 years +Incumbent, who died May 8, 1830, aged 56.” The +register only dates from 1715, and contains no entries of special +interest.</p> +<p>In a List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at Lincoln, +it is shewn that in 1562, on the resignation of the then Vicar, +one John Howsone, Michael West, Clerk, was appointed to this +vicarage, along with that of Nether Toynton, by Richard Bertie, +Esq., the ancestor of the present Earl of Ancaster. This +was probably by some private arrangement with the Bishop of +Carlisle, as the Berties (as the Willoughbys are now) were +patrons of Low Toynton, but not of Upper, or High, Toynton. +He was instituted to the two benefices on July 9th of that +year.</p> +<h3>MAREHAM-ON-THE-HILL.</h3> +<p>Of this parish, ecclesiastically annexed to High Toynton, +little can be said. The name was anciently written +Maringes, <a name="citation183a"></a><a href="#footnote183a" +class="citation">[183a]</a> or Marun <a +name="citation183b"></a><a href="#footnote183b" +class="citation">[183b]</a>; the former probably from the low +“marish,” or marsh, “ings,” <i>i.e.</i> +meadows, the suffix being the Saxon “ham,” a +homestead. It lies about two miles south-east from +Horncastle, connected with High Toynton by footpath, and bridle +road, across the fields barely a mile in length, but for +carriages a detour of more than double that distance has to be +made.</p> +<p>This parish, like High Toynton and West Ashby, is in the soke +of Horncastle. In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is stated that +the manor comprised 3 carucates, or about 360 acres of land, with +21 soc-men and 11 bordars, <a name="citation183c"></a><a +href="#footnote183c" class="citation">[183c]</a> who had four +<!-- page 184--><a name="page184"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +184</span>carucates, or about 480 acres; there were further 60 +acres of meadow, and, what no longer exists, 300 acres of +underwood; which was a very large proportion, considering that in +Scrivelsby, now a well wooded estate, closely adjoining, there +were at that time only six acres of underwood.</p> +<p>Sir Lionel Dymoke, a scion of the Scrivelsby family, once +resided in this parish. His will, dated 15th April, 1512, +is a good specimen of the orthography of the period. The +following are portions of it: “I leon Dymoke of maryng of +the hill in the Countie of lincolne knyght being of good and +hoole mynde make and ordigne my testament and Last will in forme +following | First I bequeathe my soule to almyghty god and to the +blessid virgine his mother seint Mary and to all the holy Company +of heven | And forasmoch as no man is certeine of the houre of +dethe nor what place he shall die in and nothyng so certeine as +dethe | and for as moch as I by the kyngℓ pleasure shall +goo in hys warrys in the parties by yonde the see | Therefore my +body to be buryed where it shall please almyghty god | Also that +I will that my Executours for the helth of my soule in as hasty +tyme as they may after my deceas paye or do to be paid all and +singler my detts . . . Also I bequethe and gyve to the +Church warke of Maryng of al halowes vjs viijd and to the highe +aulter there for tythes and oblacions forgoten xxd and to seint +Jamys gild of maryng xxd . . . Also I gyve and bequethe to +the Convent of the black Freris of Boston for a trentall <a +name="citation184a"></a><a href="#footnote184a" +class="citation">[184a]</a> to be song for me and all Christen +Soules xs,” &c., &c. On 17th August, 1519 +(when he was apparently on his death bed), witnesses certify that +he added a codicil to be annexed, “saying these words in +his mother tongue. I will that Sr John Heron knyght have my +landes in nethertynton whether I lyve or dye . . . and if my wif +or myne executōs thynk there be any thyng expressed in my +wille oute of goode ordre I will it be reformed by Anne my wif as +she and they thynke most pleasure to god profytt for my +soule.” <a name="citation184b"></a><a href="#footnote184b" +class="citation">[184b]</a></p> +<p>As to the owners of the demesne nothing further is told us; +but since in Testa de Nevill, already quoted, it is stated that +“the churches of Horncastre, Askeby, Upper Thinton, +Maringes, &c., are of the gift of the Lord.” +Gerard de Rhodes was, doubtless, at one time, the common Lord of +all those manors, as well as his descendant Ralph de +Rhodes. Mr. Weir states that the manor at a later period +belonged to Edward Marsh, Esquire, of Hundle House, in the county +of Lincoln; by a descendant of whom it was sold to William +Hudson, Esquire, of Gray’s Inn. In 1659 it was sold +to one Duncombe, of whom it was purchased in 1688 by Sir Edmund +Turnor, of Stoke Rochford, Knight; in whose family it still +continues. Other proprietors are Richard Ward, Esq., and +Dr. Parkinson.</p> +<p>In <i>Domesday Book</i> there is mention of “a church +and priest,” the latter, therefore, being doubtless +resident in the parish; although for many years there has been no +residence for an incumbent. In 1830 the benefice was held, +with High Toynton, by the Rev. E. R. H. G. Palmer, a relative of +Viscount Halifax, who resided in Horncastle; in 1863 by the Rev. +Isaac Hall, who did the same; and it was not till 1869 that a +residence was erected at High Toynton for the united +benefices.</p> +<p><!-- page 185--><a name="page185"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +185</span>Of the church, All Saints, we can only say that it +stands in a good position, on high ground; that its walls are +substantial, but that its style is of the meanest; it having been +rebuilt in the early part of the 19th century (1813); and beyond +a piscina, now in the north wall, it has no features of interest; +having wooden-framed windows, square painted pews, walls +whitewashed within and without, and a flat ceiling. It +greatly needs renovation, being now almost a solitary +representative, in the neighbourhood, of that very worst period +of architectural decadence. With fairly good sandstone in +the present walls, and probably more in the foundations of an +earlier church, to be exhumed, and an abundance <i>in situ</i> +not far away, restoration, or even re-erection, might be +effected, at a moderate outlay.</p> +<p>The one bell hangs in a shabby bell turret. While +repairs were being carried out in 1813 two nobles of Edward IV., +two angels of Henry VII., and several silver coins of different +reigns, contained in a leathern purse, were found concealed in +the wall. <a name="citation185a"></a><a href="#footnote185a" +class="citation">[185a]</a></p> +<h3>LOW TOYNTON.</h3> +<p>Low Toynton lies about a mile from Horncastle to the +north-east. It is approached through rich meadows, watered +by the river Waring. <a name="citation185b"></a><a +href="#footnote185b" class="citation">[185b]</a> The Rector +is the Rev. J. W. Bayldon, M.A., of Sidney Sussex College, +Cambridge. Overseers, G. E. Read and W. Scholey. +Letters <i>via</i> Horncastle arrive at 8.30.</p> +<p>The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a small structure with +no pretention to architectural beauty, and almost entirely +covered with ivy. It was rebuilt in 1811, a period when +architectural taste was at its lowest ebb, and barbarisms in +stone, brick, and mortar were very generally perpetrated. +It was re-seated in 1863, during the incumbency of the Rev. E. M. +Chapman. It consists of chancel, nave, vestry, and open +belfry containing one bell. The chancel arch is the only +remnant of a former Norman structure. The font is +apparently a 14th century one, almost a replica of that in +Huttoft Church, which is engraved in <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 225. The bowl is octagonal, its +faces filled with figures representing the Holy Trinity, the +virgin and child, and the 12 apostles. The bowl is joined +to the shaft by angelic figures round the lower part of it. +The octagonal shaft has figures of St. Paul, Mary Magdalen, a +bishop with chalice, another with scourge, and other subjects +much mutilated, at the base are the winged lion, ox, man, and +eagle, emblematical of the evangelists. The walls of the +church are relieved by some coloured designs, and borders of +ecclesiastical patterns, running round the windows, &c., +originally executed by that genuine artist the late Rev. C. P. +Terrot, Vicar of Wispington. These decorations have been +recently (1898) renewed by Mr. C. Hensman, of Horncastle, when +the church was thoroughly repaired, both inside and out; new +panelling placed in the nave, and a new window in the vestry; and +in the following year (1899) a new harmonium was purchased from +Messrs. Chappell and Co., London.</p> +<p>The east window is filled with modern coloured glass, the +subjects being the Transfiguration, the Crucifixion, and the +Ascension. On the sill of the east window are placed, over +the communion table, two handsomely carved <!-- page 186--><a +name="page186"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 186</span>old oak +candlesticks, presented by the Rev. C. P. Terrot. On the +north wall of the nave there is a small oval brass tablet, which +was found in 1888, face downwards in the vestry floor. It +bears the following inscription: “Here lyeth the body of +Edward Rolleston, Esquir, who departed this life the 23rd of +July, in the thirtey-fourth year of his age; interr’d +underneath this place the 4th of August, A.D. 1687.” +As 12 days elapsed between death and burial it is probable that +he died abroad. The manor and whole parish, except the +glebe, still belongs to the Rolleston family; the benefice being +in the patronage of the Earl of Ancaster.</p> +<p>In the floor of the chancel are two memorial slabs, one of the +Rev. R. Spranger, D.C.L., late Rector of Low Toynton and Creeton, +who enlarged the rectory house, and was a munificent benefactor +to the neighbourhood. Among other good deeds he built the +bridge over the river Waring, on the road from Low Toynton to +Horncastle. <a name="citation186"></a><a href="#footnote186" +class="citation">[186]</a> He was a member of a family of +some distinction; had a residence in London, as well as his +rectory here; he was popularly said to drive the handsomest pair +of horses in London; and there exists a portrait in oil of an +ancestor, Chancellor Spranger, in one of the great galleries in +Florence. Dr. Spranger was an intimate friend of J. Keble, +the author of <i>The Christian Year</i>, and his son the Rev. +Robert J. Spranger, Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, spent the +greater part of his life in Mr. Keble’s parish, Hursley, +Hants, as a voluntary assistant in his clerical work.</p> +<p>The companion slab marks the last resting place of another +rector, the Rev. J. Hutchinson, who died in 1788. His +history is singular. Although well educated, he enlisted as +a private in the army for foreign service; a commission however +was subsequently obtained for him by his friends. He +presently became attached to a lady who refused to marry a +soldier. He then determined to take holy orders. +Chance threw him in the way of a party of gentlemen at +Manchester, one of them being the agent of Lord Willoughby. +The latter stated that he had it in power, at that moment, to +bestow a benefice, and that he would give it to anyone who could +solve for him a particular problem. Mr. Hutchinson +succeeded in doing this, and was eventually appointed Rector of +Low Toynton. He held it, however, only 18 months, dying at +an early age. Whether he married the lady is not +stated.</p> +<p>In the List of Institutions to Benefices, preserved at +Lincoln, it is recorded that in 1562 Michael West, Clerk, was +appointed Rector of Nether Toynton and Vicar of Upper Toynton, by +Richard Bertie, Esq., ancestor of the Earl of Ancaster. +This must have been by some private arrangement with the Bishop +of Carlisle, who was patron of High Toynton; the Berties (as the +Willoughbies are now) being only patrons of Low Toynton. +From Liber Regis we learn that the Earl of Lindsey appointed to +the benefice in 1692, the Duke of Ancaster in 1778, Sir Peter +Burrell and Lady Willoughby d’ Eresby in 1783.</p> +<p>The register dates from 1585. Under date 1717, Feb. 2nd, +occurs the following entry: “Robert Willy, of Upper +Toynton, did penance in the parish church of Lower Toynton, for +the heinous and great sin of adultery.” A note in the +baptismal register states that on July 18th, 1818, Bishop George +(Tomline) confirmed at Horncastle 683 candidates, among them +being five from Low Toynton. Confirmations were not held so +frequently then as they now are. In this parish Mr. Thomas +Gibson, Vicar of Horncastle, when turned out of his preferment by +the Puritans, lived for some “two years but poorly, +teaching a few pupils.”</p> +<p><!-- page 187--><a name="page187"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +187</span>Little is known of the early history of this parish or +of its proprietors. In a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, +11 Henry VII., No. 123, taken at Partney, after the death of +Isabella, wife of Richard Sapcote, Knight, the said Isabella is +declared by the jurors to have died seized of the Manor of Nether +Toynton, and of the advowson; and Joan, wife of William Nevill, +of Rolleston, Notts., and others are declared to be daughters and +heirs of the said Isabella; she herself being kinswoman and heir +of William Plesington, son of Henry Plesington, Knight. <a +name="citation187a"></a><a href="#footnote187a" +class="citation">[187a]</a></p> +<p>In a list of Lincolnshire names contained in the visitation of +1665–6, by William Dugdale, Esq., are Agnes Goodrick, +daughter of Robert Goodrick, of Toynton, and Bridget and +Elizabeth Rolston, daughters of Edward Rolston, of Toynton. <a +name="citation187b"></a><a href="#footnote187b" +class="citation">[187b]</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p187b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Peter’s Church, Low Toynton" +title= +"St. Peter’s Church, Low Toynton" +src="images/p187s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>By a Chancery Inquisition of 38 Henry VIII. (1546), it was +found that Thomas Dymoke, Esq., was seized of land in Over +Toynton, Nether Toynton, Maring-upon the-Hill, and other +parishes; and by an Inquisition of 36 Elizabeth, it was found +that Robert Dymock, Esq., was seized of the Manors of ffuletby +and Belchforde, and lands in Horncastle, Nether Tointon and Upper +Tointon, and several other parishes. He died without issue +13th Sept., 1594, and his only sister, Anne, widow of Charles +Bolle, of Haugh, succeeded to his property in Nether Toynton and +elsewhere; and thus the connection of the Dymokes with Low +Toynton ceased. <a name="citation187c"></a><a +href="#footnote187c" class="citation">[187c]</a></p> +<p>There is rather a curious feature in the following +record. By a Chancery Inquisition post mortem, 24 Henry +VII., No. 61, it is found that Humphrey <!-- page 188--><a +name="page188"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 188</span>Conyngsby, +Sergeant at Law, and others, instituted a suit on behalf of +William Stavely, and others, by which he recovered to them, among +other properties, “the advowson of Nether Taunton, and the +rent of 4½ quarters of salt, in Nether Taunton, Over +Taunton, and other parishes.”</p> +<p>We now find another ancient name connected with this +parish. The Newcomens (originally Le Newcomen, or the +newcomer) of Saltfleetby, were one of our oldest Lincolnshire +families. They are named in Yorke’s “Union of +Honour,” and their pedigrees given in four Lincolnshire +Visitations. The number of branches into which the race +spread is remarkable. <a name="citation188a"></a><a +href="#footnote188a" class="citation">[188a]</a> Andrew +Newcomen lived in the time of Richard I., resident at +Saltfleetby, where the headquarters of the family continued for +many generations. Robert Newcomen (1304) married Alice, +daughter of Sir William Somercotes, Knight. His son, also +Robert, married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Hardingshall, +Knight. Another Robert (1452) married Joane, daughter of +Robert Craycroft, of Craycroft Hall. A daughter Katharine, +of Brian Newcomen, married (1559) George Bolle, of Haugh, a +family already mentioned as, a few years later, connected with +Low Toynton. In 1540 we find Richard Newcomen residing at +Nether Toynton. By his will, dated 3rd Sept., 1540, he +requests that he may be buried in the church of St. Peter, Nether +Toynton. He appoints the right worshipful Edward Dymoke, +supervisor. His grandson, Samuel Newcomen, of Nether +Toynton, married Frances, daughter of Thomas Massingberd, of +Braytoft Hall, M.P. for Calais (1552). This branch of the +family seems to have died out in the person of Thomas Newcomen +(1592); <a name="citation188b"></a><a href="#footnote188b" +class="citation">[188b]</a> but other branches spread over the +neighbourhood, and were established at Bag Enderby, East Kirkby, +Withern, and other places, and flourished throughout the 17th +century. Another Newcomen early in the 18th century married +a daughter of Sir Robert Barkham, Bart.</p> +<p>A renewal of connection with Low Toynton was made when the +widow of Nicholas Newcomen married, circa 1700, the Honble. +Charles Bertie, son of Robert, 4th Earl of Lindsey, patron of the +benefice of Nether Toynton. Arthur Bocher, Esq., of Low +Toynton, was in the Lincolnshire Rebellion of 1536, being +brother-in-law of Thomas Moygne, one of the leaders in the +movement.</p> +<p>Thus the parish of Low Toynton has had residents, proprietors, +and rectors, to whom its present inhabitants may look back with +some degree of pride and pleasure, although “their place +now knoweth them no more.”</p> +<h3>ROUGHTON.</h3> +<p>This village stands on the west bank of the river Bain, about +4 miles to the south of Horncastle. It is bounded on the +north by Thornton and Martin, on the east by Haltham and +Dalderby, on the south by Kirkby-on-Bain, and on the west by +Kirkstead, Kirkby, and Woodhall. The area is 1020 acres, +rateable value £945, population 137, entirely +agricultural. The soil is loam, on kimeridge clay, with +“Bain terrace” gravel deposits.</p> +<p>The nearest railway stations are at Horncastle and Woodhall +Spa, each about four miles distant. There is an award and +map of Haltham and Roughton in the parish, and a copy at the +County Council office, Lincoln. Three <!-- page 189--><a +name="page189"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 189</span>roads meet +in the middle of the village, one from Horncastle, one to +Woodhall Spa and Kirkstead, one to Kirkby-on-Bain, Coningsby and +Tattershall.</p> +<p>Sir Henry Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in the adjoining +parish of Kirkby, is Lord of the Manor, but Lady Hartwell +(daughter of the late Sir Henry Dymoke, the King’s +Champion), and the executors of the Clinton family (now Clinton +Baker) and the Rector own most of the soil; there being a few +small proprietors. Roughton Hall, the property of Lady +Hartwell, is occupied by F. G. Hayward, Esq.</p> +<p>The register dates from 1564. Peculiar entries are those +of 43 burials for the years 1631–2, including those of the +Rector and his two daughters, who died within a few days of each +other; this was from the visitation called “The +Plague,” or the “Black Death.” For some +years before 1657 only civil marriages were valid in law, and +Judge Filkin is named in the register as marrying the Rector of +Roughton, John Barcroft, to Ann Coulen. In 1707 Mary Would +is named as overseer of the parish, it being very unusual at that +period for women to hold office. Another entry, in the +overseer’s book, needs an explanation. “Simon +Grant, for 1 day’s work of bages, 2s. 6d.;” and +again, “Simon flint, for 1 day’s work of bages, 2s. +6d.” “Bage” was the turf, cut for +burning; in this case being cut from the “church +moor,” for the church fire. It was severe labour, +often producing rupture of the labourer’s body, hence the +high pay.</p> +<p>There is a charity named the “Chamerlayne Dole,” +of 10s., given yearly to the poor, left by Martha Chamerlayn in +1702. It is a charge upon a cottage and garden owned by Mr. +T. Jackson, of Horncastle.</p> +<p>The National School was established about 1860, in a building +erected in 1834 as a Wesleyan Chapel. It was enlarged in +1872 and 1879. It is supported by a voluntary rate.</p> +<p>The Church, St. Margaret’s, is of no architectural +beauty, being built of brick and sandstone. It consists of +nave and chancel, with castellated tower, having one bell, also +castellated parapets at the north and south corners of the east +chancel wall. The font is Norman, circular, with circular +pediment, having an old oak octagonal cover, cupola shaped, plain +except slight carving round the rim. The fabric was newly +roofed in 1870, when it was fitted with good open benches, the +chancel paved with encaustic tiles, and the windows partly filled +with stained glass; there are fragments of a former carved rood +screen, the pulpit being of plain old oak.</p> +<p>In the chancel is a lengthy inscription, commemorative of +Norreys Fynes; Esq., of Whitehall, in the adjoining parish of +Martin. He was grandson of Sir Henry Clinton, eldest son of +Henry, Earl of Lincoln, by his second wife, daughter of Sir +Richard Morrison, and mother of Francis, Lord Norreys, afterwards +Earl of Berkshire. He was a non-juror. He died +January 10th, 1735–6, aged 74. There is a murial +tablet to the memory of the Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, who died in +1798; another to Charles Pilkington, Esq., who died in 1798, and +Abigail, his wife, who died in 1817.</p> +<p>The benefice is a discharged rectory, united to that of +Haltham in 1741, and now held by the Rev. H. Spurrier, the patron +being his son the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier. The two benefices +together are valued at £450 a year. There is a good +rectory house. The church plate is modern. The +village feast was discontinued about 50 years ago.</p> +<p>Peculiar field names are the Low Ings, Bottom Slabs, Carr +Bottom, <!-- page 190--><a name="page190"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 190</span>Church Moor, Honey Hole, Wong, +Well-syke, Long Sand, Madam Clay, Sewer Close. <a +name="citation190a"></a><a href="#footnote190a" +class="citation">[190a]</a></p> +<p>As to the early history of Roughton, <i>Domesday Book</i> +gives it among the possessions of William the Conqueror, and also +as belonging to Robert Despenser, his powerful steward, who +probably held it under the king. A Chancery Inquisition +post mortem, 22 Richard II., No. 13, A.D. 1399, shows that Ralph +de Cromwell, jointly with his wife Matilda, held the adjoining +Manor of Tumby, with appurtenances in Roughton and +elsewhere. While another Inquisition of 13 Henry VII., No. +34, shows that the said Matilda died, “seised in fee tail +of the same lands.” <a name="citation190b"></a><a +href="#footnote190b" class="citation">[190b]</a></p> +<p>In the reign of Elizabeth a family of Eastwoods resided here, +since the name of Andrew Eastwood, of Roughton, appears in the +list (published by T. C. Noble) of those gentry who contributed +£25 to the Armada Fund. Other documents shew that at +different periods the hall has been occupied by members of +various county families, as Fynes (already named), Wichcote, +Heneage, Dymoke, Pilkington, and Beaumont.</p> +<p>The register has the following entries, probably written by an +illiterate parish clerk, “An the wife of Will. Hennag, was +buered ye 9 of Feberery, 1729.” “Madame +Elizabeth fines was buered May ye 29, 1730.”</p> +<p>Gervase Holles gives the following arms as existing in the +church in his day.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra +Australis Cancelli</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. 3 lyons passant gardant, or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">England</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty, or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Marmyon</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Argent, a plaine crosse B. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant purpure. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Lacy</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Chequy or and G., a chiefe ermyne . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Tateshall</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In +Campanili</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p>Arg. a sword sheathed proper, a buckler appt., +with girdle wrapped, hilte pomel, and neuf or. . . <a +name="citation190c"></a><a href="#footnote190c" +class="citation">[190c]</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<h3>HALTHAM.</h3> +<p>This village is distant from Horncastle between four and five +miles in a southerly direction, lying on the east side of the +river Bain. It is bounded on the north by Dalderby and +Scrivelsby, on the south by Kirkby and its hamlet of Fulsby, on +the east by Scrivelsby, Wood Enderby and Wilksby, and on the west +by Roughton. The area is 2380 acres, rateable value +£1198. The soil is loam, with kimeridge clay below, +and gravel deposits. Population 121, mainly +agricultural.</p> +<p>The main roads lead to Dalderby, Scrivelsby, and Horncastle, +to Kirkby, Mareham-le-Fen, Coningsby, and Tattershall, and to +Wood Enderby, Wilksby, and Revesby. The nearest railway +station is at Horncastle.</p> +<p>The Lord of the Manor was formerly the Champion Dymoke of +Scrivelsby Court, but the late Rev. John Dymoke sold his estate +in this parish, and the <!-- page 191--><a +name="page191"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 191</span>manor is +now the property of Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., of Tumby Lawn, in +the adjoining parish of Kirkby; W. H. Trafford, Esq., owning the +remainder, except 150 acres of glebe.</p> +<p>The benefice was united to that of Roughton in 1741, the two +being now of the yearly value of £450, and held by the Rev. +H. Spurrier. The patron is the rector’s eldest son, +the Rev. H. C. M. Spurrier. There is an award and map of +Haltham and Roughton, of date 1775. A village feast is held +on St. Benedict’s Day (March 21), he being the patron saint +of the church.</p> +<p>There are some peculiar field names; as the Far, Middle, and +Near Redlands, arable; the Top and Lower Brock-holes (brock +meaning a badger), arable; the Black Sands, pasture; the Top and +Low Malingars, arable; the East, West, and South High Rimes, +arable; the Pingle, meadow; the Croft, pasture; the Oaks, +pasture; Wood Close Meadow, the Old Cow Pasture.</p> +<p>The register dates from 1561, and contains an entry for the +year 1684: “This yeare plague in Haltham.” <a +name="citation191"></a><a href="#footnote191" +class="citation">[191]</a> There is a charity, the interest +of £5, left by John Dymoke, Esq., of Haltham, who in 1634 +is named among the Heralds’ List of Gentry, for yearly +distribution by the overseers among the poor. The children +attend the school at Roughton.</p> +<p>The church is one of the most interesting in the +neighbourhood. The chancel was restored and an open roof +put up in 1881, at a cost of £250. The nave was +restored in 1891, at a cost of £300. The sanctuary +was paved with Minton tiles by the late Lady Dymoke. The +most remarkable feature is a semi-circular tympanum over the door +in the south porch, which is of early Norman, or possibly Saxon +date. It has sculptured on it in somewhat rude fashion a +Maltese cross within a circle, a second circle running through +the limbs of the cross, a square with three-quarter circles at +its corners, and semicircles midway of each side, which form the +extremities of another cross, and between the limbs are +roundels. Below is a figure resembling a fish, also four +rows of triangles, and other complicated devices. The east +window is a very fine flamboyant one, of date about 1350. +Some of the sittings have very old rudely-carved poppy heads of +oak. There are very fine carved oak canopies over two long +pews in the north aisle, for the Champion Dymokes and their +servants. There is a piscina with two fronts in the south +wall of the chancel, and a series of three stone sedilia, in the +north wall is an aumbrey. There is an incised slab to one +of the Dymokes. The tower has three bells, and the bell +chamber is closed by ancient boarding, on which are the ten +commandments in old characters, and very curious Royal Arms of +Charles I. The church plate consists of pewter paten, +silver flagon and chalice, with date 1764, given by Mr. John +Dickinson.</p> +<p>In the village there is an old hostel, partly of the Tudor +style, with pointed gable ends, projecting upper storey, and +constructed externally of brick and woodwork.</p> +<p>As to the early history of this parish little is definitely +known. According to <i>Domesday Book</i> it was among the +possessions of the Conqueror, and his steward, Robert Dispenser, +held it under him. Probably like other parishes in the soke +of Horncastle, the manor was held by Gerbald d’ Escald, his +grandson Gerard de Rhodes, his son Ralph de Rhodes, sold by him +to the Bishop of Carlisle, &c. Of the ownership of +Ralph de Rhodes we have evidence in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 9 +Henry III., No. 52, containing an agreement between <!-- page +192--><a name="page192"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +192</span>Henry del Ortiary and Sabina his wife, on the one hand, +and Ralph de Rhodes, on the other hand, in which the former +parties recognise the right of the said Ralph to certain lands in +Haltham, Wood Enderby, Moorby, and other parishes in the soke. <a +name="citation192a"></a><a href="#footnote192a" +class="citation">[192a]</a></p> +<p>Of other families of distinction once connected with this +parish we have indications in the arms which Gervase Holles found +in the church windows in his time (circa 1630, temp. Chas. I.), +which we give here.</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestris +Cancelli</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Verry a fesse G. fretty, d’or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Marmyon</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. a cross sarcely, arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Beke</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sa. 2 lyons passant, arg. crowned, or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sa. 3 flowres de lize betw. 6 crosse crosslets, fitchy, +arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. 3 bars ermyne . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Kirketon</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Barry of 6, or and sa. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestræ +Boreales</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>B. a lyon’s head erased betw. 6 crosses, botony, +arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Touthby</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arg. 2 bars G. a border, sa. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dymoke, each lyon charged sur l’ espale with an +annulet . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Ermyne on a bend G. a cinquefoil, or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">La Warre</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Or, a lyon rampant, double queue, sa. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestræ +Australes</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. 3 water-bougets, arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Ros</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Or on fesse G. 3 plates . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Huntingfield</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Quarterly or and G. a border sa. bezanty . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rochfort with a garbe in the 2nd quarter, arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rochfort with an annulet in the 2nd quarter, arg. . . +.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Or, a manche G. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Hastings</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. a bend ermyne . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Ry</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Rochfort with an eagle displayed in the 2nd quarter, arg. +. . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Rochfort</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arg. fretty of 6 pieces G. a canton ermyne . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In Fenestra +Borealis Navis</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>G. crosse crucilly fitchy, a lyon rampant, arg. . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">La Warre</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Arg. on a bend, G. 3 gryphons heads erased, or . . .</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In +Campanili</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Joh’es Staines W. Jo. <a name="citation192b"></a><a +href="#footnote192b" class="citation">[192b]</a></p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right"> </p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<h3>MAREHAM-LE-FEN.</h3> +<p>Mareham-le-Fen lies about six miles south from Horncastle, and +five miles eastward of Tattershall station, with a population of +more than 800. Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive by mail +cart at 7.30 a.m. This is the seat of a considerable +industry, carried on by Mr. Titus Kime, as a grower of greatly +improved varities of potatoes, agricultural seed, and, latterly +on a large scale, of bulbs of different kinds, in which he seems +likely to compete with the Dutch trade.</p> +<p>The church, which is dedicated to St. Helen, is a fine +structure of oolite stone, probably one of the largest in the +neighbourhood, except the collegiate church of Tattershall. +It consists of tower, nave, north and south aisles, south porch +and chancel. The body of the church was restored in 1873, +and re-opened on June 13th of that year, at a cost of more than +£2,000, by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; the +then rector, the Rev. W. Sharpe restoring the chancel, and the +parishioners and other friends the tower. The latter +consists of three tiers, having a small square window in the +south <!-- page 193--><a name="page193"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 193</span>and north walls below, with a +two-light floriated window on the west. In the tier above +are two-light windows on all four faces. At the summit it +has battlements and four tall pinnacles. There are three +bells, the date of the largest being 1627. The body of the +church is also battlemented, and has pinnacles, the westernmost +of these having the figures, within a niche, of St. George and +the dragon.</p> +<p>The south porch has an early English doorway within, the outer +one being modern. In the moulding above the inner doorway +is a curiously crowned head, probably representing the Empress +Helena, the patron saint; other curious devices running down the +moulding on each side. To the right of the inner doorway +are initials M.S., date 1681. The font has a large +octagonal bowl, with heads at the angles, and elaborate trefoil +devices on the faces; the shaft is plain, octagonal, the pediment +a stone cross.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p193b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Helen’s Church, Mareham-Le-Fen" +title= +"St. Helen’s Church, Mareham-Le-Fen" +src="images/p193s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Both aisles have four lofty bays, with early English +columns. In the north aisle is one three-light +perpendicular trefoiled window, in its western wall; in the north +wall, on each side of the north door, is a three-light +perpendicular window, with mullions interlacing; and to the east +a four-light round-headed trefoiled window. Over the north +door is a tablet, with a Latin inscription, commemorative of the +Rev. H. Sheppard, a former rector, who died 24th Jan., 1764, aged +62. Beneath it is a cherub with outspread wings. In +the wall, east of the north door, is a tablet bearing the +inscription: “This church was relighted in memory of +Francis Thorpe, who lost his life, by an accident, while working +in the church near this spot, 22nd Sept., 1892.” The +south aisle, at the west end, has a three-light broad interlaced +window. In the south wall, west of the porch, is a low +doorway, now filled in, with step at its base, probably formerly +leading to a parvis, or priest’s chamber. East of the +<!-- page 194--><a name="page194"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +194</span>porch are two round-headed three-light trefoiled +perpendicular windows. In the chancel the east window, of +coloured glass, is lofty, with three lights, and six trefoils +above. The subjects are divided into upper and lower rows; +the upper are the Ascension in the centre, with the Resurrection +to the left, and to the right the disciples grouped round the +virgin; the lower are the Crucifixion in the centre, Christ +bearing His cross to the left, and the entombment to the +right. This window was by Lavers, Barrand and Westlake; it +was given in memory of the late Mr. Joseph Corbett, by his son, +C. J. Corbett, Architect, of Imber Court, Surrey.</p> +<p>The reredos has three compartments; the central device is a +cross, with rays of glory, and the monogram I.H.S.; on the right +and left are doubly pointed, crocheted, arches; the device in the +northernmost being a crown of thorns, with the three nails, +surrounded by a circle; next to it three interlaced circles; on +the south side interlaced triangles, and a plain cross. The +east wall, up to the height of the reredos, is faced with +alabaster.</p> +<p>In the south wall of the chancel is a wide stone seat, and +above it a two-light trefoiled window. In the north chancel +wall is a trefoiled credence table. There is a tablet to +the memory of William Goodenough, formerly rector, Archdeacon of +Carlisle (the benefice formerly being in the patronage of the +Bishops of Carlisle), who died 13th Dec., 1854; and commemorating +his wife Mary Anne, daughter of Dr. Samuel Goodenough, Bishop of +Carlisle; she dying 3rd Jan., 1847, aged 75. The memorial +was erected by their only surviving child, Mrs. Hawkins.</p> +<p>The choir sittings are of carved modern oak; the pulpit is +also of the same, on a stone base, and the lectern. The +chancel arch is lofty, the modern side columns having richly +carved capitals. Some of the stones of the original arch +were found built into the chimney of a cottage near at +hand. The sittings in the nave, and the roof timbers, are +of pitch pine. The base of the tower forms a roomy +vestry.</p> +<p>In the churchyard is the lower part of the shaft of a cross, +standing on an octagonal base. Opposite the east end of the +south aisle is a tombstone in memory of James Roberts, “who +sailed round the world in company with Sir Joseph Banks, in the +years 1768–71, on board H.M.S. the Endeavour, Lieut. James +Cook, Commander,” attending him “also on other +voyages.” <a name="citation194a"></a><a +href="#footnote194a" class="citation">[194a]</a> The tomb +of Archdeacon Goodenough is on the north-east side of the +church. Within a few feet of the south buttress of the +tower is a fragment of an old tombstone, shewing part of a +foliated cross on both sides, and the monogram I.H.S., in old +characters, probably Saxon; Mareham being one of the 222 parishes +in the county which had a church in Saxon times <a +name="citation194b"></a><a href="#footnote194b" +class="citation">[194b]</a></p> +<p>Gervase Holles (temp. Chas. I.) gives the following arms and +inscriptions, as existing in the church in his time. In the +east window:</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><p>Empaled</p> +</td> +<td><p>Arg’ a crosse sa.</p> +<p>Arg. on a crosse G. a bezant.</p> +<p>Arg, a crosse sa.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Empaled</p> +</td> +<td><p>Quarterly arg. and G., on the 1st and 4th quarters a +popinjay vert. membred and beked G.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>In the western window on the left of the tower:</p> +<blockquote><p>Orate pro a’ia Joh’is Tott, Agnet, et +Helene, uxorum ejus, & specialiter pro Andrea Tott, Artium +Baccalaureo, qui istam fenestram lapidari, necnon vitreari +fecit.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><!-- page 195--><a name="page195"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +195</span>Over the buttress, on the east side:</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p>Quarterly Ufford and Beke . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p style="text-align: right">Willoughby</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p> 3 crosses portate . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p> 2 chevrons between 3 roses . +. .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p> A crosse . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p> A lyon passant . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><blockquote><p>“Domus mea domus orationis vocabitur, +1591.” <a name="citation195a"></a><a href="#footnote195a" +class="citation">[195a]</a></p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p>The register dates from 1558. An entry records that on +22nd Nov., 1685, a “Briefe was read and published, for +Saresden in Oxfordshire, for loss valued at £1,449. +Granted June 14th, 1686.” Another entry, under date +23rd Nov., 1685, is as follows: “Thomas Eresby of Revvesby +maketh oath yt Theodosie, his daughter, who was buried in the +churchyard upon Sunday last, was wound and wrapped up in woollen +only, according to the late Act of Parliament, in yt case +made.” In explanation of this it may be stated that +in 1677 British and Irish woollens were prohibited in France, +which injured the woollen trade very much; and in the next year +(1678) in order to encourage the trade at home, it was enacted by +29 Charles II., c. 3, that all persons, except those who died of +the plague, should be buried in wool, under a penalty of +£5. <a name="citation195b"></a><a href="#footnote195b" +class="citation">[195b]</a> Another entry states that a +collection was made, the amount not known, to afford relief, +after the great fire in London, Sept., 1666.</p> +<p>The rectory, adjoining the church, stands in a large, well +wooded garden. It is a good substantial residence, rebuilt +by Archdeacon Goodenough in 1818–19, and much improved in +1855. In the entrance hall are two old prints of the church +and rectory before their restoration, dated 1785. They were +presented to the late rector, Rev. W. Sharpe, by Alfred Cobbett, +Esq., and they are preserved as heirlooms by the rectors for the +time being. The Rev. F. J. Williamson is the present +rector, late of Lydgate. The Bishop of Manchester is patron +of the benefice; the patronage of this, and several other +benefices in this neighbourhood, formerly held by the Bishops of +Carlisle, being transferred to the See of Manchester some years +after its creation, in 1848.</p> +<p>The national school, built in 1840, is endowed with nearly an +acre of land, given by Archdeacon Goodenough; it was considerably +enlarged by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., in 1877. Some of the +inhabitants are entitled to the benefits of the almshouses at +Revesby. There is a navigable drain from the Witham, +passing near the village, affording communication with New +Bolingbroke and Boston. A former part of the parish is now +included in the district of Wildmoor Fen.</p> +<p>In Liber Regis this parish is named “Marrow, alias +Marym, alias Mareham in le Fen.” It is called in +<i>Domesday Book</i> Meringe (or the sea-ing, <i>i.e.</i> +sea-meadow). Another form was Marum; the Revesby Charters, +Nos. 47 and 48, mention a piece of land, near the boundary of +Marum, called “Mare Furlong,” and the grass (Psamma +arenaria) which now grows on the sea banks is commonly called +Marrum grass. All these names probably refer to the marish +(Latin, mariscum), or marsh, character of the locality, caused by +its proximity to the sea (le mer), which then came much nearer +than it does now, and frequently flooded the land.</p> +<p>The manor was given by the Conqueror to the powerful Norman, +Robert Despenser, who, as his name implies, was the King’s +High Steward. He was the ancestor of the Despensers, Earls +of Gloucester, and he held 15 manors in <!-- page 196--><a +name="page196"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +196</span>Lincolnshire alone, besides 17 in Leicestershire, and +several in other counties. Much of the land of this parish +was at a later period given to Revesby Abbey, and at the +dissolution of the monasteries some of this was granted by Henry +VIII, to Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk. <a +name="citation196a"></a><a href="#footnote196a" +class="citation">[196a]</a> In later times it became, by +purchase, the property of Mr. Joseph Banks, M.P. for Grimsby, +born in 1681, and eventually came to his distinguished +descendant, Sir Joseph Banks; and on his death some of the +Mareham land passed to the ancestors of the present Sir Henry M. +Hawley. Other proprietors are now Major Gape, Messrs. J. R. +Chapman, Joseph Lake, and other smaller owners.</p> +<p>Among the Lincolnshire gentry called upon (with the +Massingberds, Heneages, and many others) to furnish +“launces and light horse,” in the 16th century, when +the Spanish armada was expected, was one “John May of +Mairing,” who failed to present himself at the muster in +1584, but in 1586 supplied “one light horse.” <a +name="citation196b"></a><a href="#footnote196b" +class="citation">[196b]</a></p> +<p>In Notes on Low Toynton mention is made of the old family of +Newcomen, originally “of Salaby,” <i>i.e.</i> +Saltfleetby, where many generations of them were buried, from the +time of Richard I. They married into influential and titled +families, in various parts of the county. Charles Newcomen +lived at Hagnaby in 1634, and bought land in Revesby. A +Newcomen lived in Mareham in the 17th century. They were +connected, by marriage, with the family of Sir Joseph Banks, as +Mr. Banks, grandfather of Sir Joseph, had a house in Lincoln, the +adjoining one being occupied by Newcomen Wallis, Esq., and Mr. +Banks married Catherine the widow of Mr. Wallis (see the Banks +monument in Revesby church, north aisle), whose mother was +daughter and co-heir of Nicholas Newcomen, Esq. <a +name="citation196c"></a><a href="#footnote196c" +class="citation">[196c]</a></p> +<p>We here give a few old records in connection with this parish +in the past. The Court Roll of Mareham-le-Fen (preserved +among the documents of the Listers of Burwell) for 2 Elizabeth, +shows that, at that date (A.D. 1559), Thomas Glenham, Esq. +(variously written Glemham), had the Manor of Mareham. In +the 23rd Elizabeth it is recorded that Charles Glenham, Esq., by +his lawful attorney, Francis Colby, of Glenham Parva, Esq., +granted leases for seven years to divers tenants in +Mareham. Thomas owned also the Manors of Calceby, +Belchford, Oxcomb, and Burwell; these he sold to Sir Matthew +Lister, afterwards of Burwell. He married Amye, daughter of +Sir Henry Parker. <a name="citation196d"></a><a +href="#footnote196d" class="citation">[196d]</a></p> +<p>In a suit, instituted 29th May, 1239, between William de +Bavent, plaintiff, and Walter, Bishop of Carlisle, defendant, +regarding the advowson of the church of “Merum,” the +said William “quit claimed” all his right to the said +advowson, to the bishop and his heirs for ever; and in return for +this the bishop gave him 10 marks. In the old record, Testa +de Nevill, folio 556 (circa 1326), Walter de Bavent held certain +lands in Marum, “by service of falconry,” <i>i.e.</i> +by providing yearly, in lieu of rent, one “gay +goss-hawk,” or more, for the use of the Lord of the Manor. +<a name="citation196e"></a><a href="#footnote196e" +class="citation">[196e]</a></p> +<p>Robert de Weston, Rector of Marum, by his will, dated 3rd +March, 1389, requested that he might be buried in Marum +Church. He bequeathed to the Mendicant Friars of Boston 6s. +8d. “to remember me in their masses,” to <!-- page +197--><a name="page197"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +197</span>Lady Margaret Hawteyn, Nun of Ormsby, 10s.; to Trinity +College, Cambridge, a book called “Johannes in +Collectario,” to every fellow there 2s., and every scholar +1s. Among other bequests are to Mgr. Eudo la Zouch +“12 cocliaria nova de argento” (<i>i.e.</i> 12 new +spoons of silver); to “John Geune my clerk a missal of the +new use of sarum”, and “masses for souls of Walter +ffelsted, William Stel, and James de Medringham. Executors, +Eudo la Zouch, John ffoston my chaplin, &c., the residue of +my goods to be sold, as quickly as possible, communi pretio, so +that the purchasers may be bound to pray for my soul.”</p> +<p>William Leych, parson of Mareham, by will dated 11th Aug, +1556, requests that he may be buried “in the quire of St. +Helen.” “To my brother Robert Leych 12 silver +spoons, to Sir John Richardson 6 great books, containing the +holle course of the bybyll, and a repetorii, and a +concordance”; to Sir John Morland “Opera Chrisostomi +& Sancti Thomas, & Haymo super epistolas sauli”; to +Mr. Lancelot Sawkeld “Deane of Carlyle 20s., praying him to +cause a dirige and masses to be said for me . . . I make Mr. +Arthur Dymok and Mr. Robert Dymok supervisors.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p197b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen" +title= +"Wesleyan Chapel, Mareham-le-Fen" +src="images/p197s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Henry Ayscough, of Blyborough, by will dated 19 Oct., 1611, +left lands in Mareham-le-Fen, and the Manor of Tumby, and other +lands, to his grandsons. <!-- page 198--><a +name="page198"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 198</span>In +connection with this we may mention that the late Sir Henry James +Hawley married, as his first wife, Elizabeth Askew, a descendant +of the same family. The Ayscoughs (or Askews) were a +distinguished Lincolnshire and Yorkshire family, and have still +numerous representatives. <a name="citation198a"></a><a +href="#footnote198a" class="citation">[198a]</a></p> +<p>Here is another record of the same family. By will, +dated 15th April, 1612, Walter Ayscoughe, of Mareham-le-Fen, left +to his wife Bridget £20 annuity, and other property, for +her life; then to his sons Henry and Walter, and two daughters +Margaret and Elizabeth; also 12d. to the same; and 5s. to +Nicholas Cressey, gent, supervisor, witness Clynton Ayscoughe; +proved at Horncastle, 2nd May, 1613. To this family +belonged Anne Askew the martyr, who was the younger daughter of +Sir William Ayscough, Bart., of Stallingborough. Their +property eventually came to the late Ascoghe Boucherett, of South +Willingham.</p> +<p>Next we find one of the old family of Newcomen, already +referred to, “Edward Newcomen of Mareham-le-Fenne, by will, +proved at Horncastle, 1st July, 1614,” leaving to his +daughters, Elizabeth and Mary, £10 each, the same to his +son Robert, and the residue to his wife; the personality being +£120 3s. 8d., a vastly larger sum in those days than +now.</p> +<p>Another will is that of Annie Elie, widow, of Mareham-le-Fen, +dated 13th July, 1616, in which she desires “to be buried +in the church,” so that she was probably some one of +importance. She leaves everything to her son-in-law John +Wymberley, and her daughter Susan Wymberley. <a +name="citation198b"></a><a href="#footnote198b" +class="citation">[198b]</a></p> +<p>Among the deeds and charters of Revesby Abbey, privately +printed by the Right Hon. E. Stanhope a few years ago, No. 24 +gives, among the witnesses to a deed of gift, the name of Eda, +wife of Richard, Priest of Mareham (temp. Henry II., or Richard +I). Hence it is evident that celibacy was not strictly +enforced on the clergy at that period. <a +name="citation198c"></a><a href="#footnote198c" +class="citation">[198c]</a> Among the witnesses to other +deeds are Robert, Priest of Marum, and Richard, Priest of Marum, +A.D. 1172. The deed of gift of certain lands to Revesby +Abbey (No. 29), by a certain John, is stamped with a round seal, +having an equestrian figure, and the legend Sigillum Johannis de +Maringe. By another deed William, son of John of Maring, +gives certain lands; the seal bearing a lion and dog, or fox +“contourné regardant,” <a +name="citation198d"></a><a href="#footnote198d" +class="citation">[198d]</a> the legend of this is Sigill. Will. +de Marige.</p> +<p>With these records and associations with the past, the parish +of Mareham may surely be said to have a history on which its +people may well look back with interest and satisfaction.</p> +<h3>MOORBY.</h3> +<p>Moorby lies about 4½ miles from Horncastle, and about +1½ miles beyond Scrivelsby, in a south-easterly +direction. Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive at 9.30.</p> +<p><!-- page 199--><a name="page199"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +199</span>The registers date from 1561, but contain no entries of +any particular interest. The church, dedicated to All +Saints, has undergone several transformations. This was one +of the 222 parishes which possessed a church before the Norman +conquest, and it still contains a fragment (to be noticed later +on) which is apparently of Saxon origin. Both Weir in his +History (1828), and Saunders (1834) agree in stating that in the +early part of the 19th century the church was “totally +destitute of interest.” <i>The Gazetteer</i> of 1863 +describes it vaguely as a “Gothic structure.” +It was rebuilt in 1864, from designs by Mr. James Fowler, +Architect, of Louth, at a cost of £1,100, defrayed by J. +Banks Stanhope, Esq., Lord of the Manor; and was further repaired +in 1891, by public subscription. It consists of nave, +chancel, vestry, north porch, and small square tower at the +north-west angle, with low spire containing one bell. It is +built chiefly of brick with facings of Ancaster stone.</p> +<p>In the north wall of the nave are a couple of two-light +windows, in the Perpendicular style; in the south wall are three +two-light windows; all these having bands of red and black brick +alternately. In the west wall are two single-light lancet +windows, with an ox-eye window above. In the chancel there +is a small lancet window in the north wall, and a square +aumbrey. The east end has a three-light plain lancet +window; beneath which is a stone reredos, having three +compartments filled with encaustic tiles, having, as their +designs, in the centre a cross in gilt, and Alpha and Omega, +within ox-eyes, on either side. In the south wall in front +of the vestry is a lancet-shaped doorway, and, west of it, an +arcade of two lancet apertures, supported by four columns of +serpentine. Within the vestry is a two-light lancet window; +and let into the eastern wall is a small slab, having four +grotesque figures, one blowing a kind of bagpipe, the others +dancing. This is said to have been a portion of a +“minstrel pillar,” it is apparently Saxon, and is +probably a relic from the original fabric. The chancel arch +is of red and black bricks, in alternate bands, the capitals +nicely carved in stone, supported by small serpentine +columns. The pulpit is of Caen stone, having a cross within +a circle on the front panel, and one serpentine column. The +chancel choir stalls are of good modern oak; the sittings in the +nave and the roof being of pitch pine.</p> +<p>The font is the most remarkable feature of the church. +It has a large square bowl; the device on the east side is a +skeleton being drawn from the tomb by two angels, doubtless +emblematic of the “death unto sin and new birth unto +righteousness,” accomplished in baptism. On the north +face is the virgin and child, with the sun and moon in the +corners above. On the south side is a figure in long +vestment, apparently sitting on an altar, much defaced. On +the west are six figures, much defaced, in the attitude of +prayer. At the four angles are quatrefoiled niches, having +at their bases, alternately, a crowned head and a mitre. +This may have been of the 14th century. The shaft is square +and modern, with columns at the angles.</p> +<p>The communion plate is modern, except the paten, which bears +the inscription “Matthew Sympson, M.A., instituted Rector +of Moorby, Feb. 28, 1705, collated Prebendary of Lincoln, June +25, 1718, Rector of Wenington, May 29, 1728.” The +present Rector is the Rev. R. C. Oake, late Vicar of Broughton, +Manchester. The rectory of Moorby is consolidated with the +vicarage of Wood Enderby.</p> +<p>By deed dated Nov. 24th, 1855, the guardians of the poor, by +consent of the ratepayers, gave certain land in Moorby for the +site of a parish school to the minister, churchwardens, and +overseers, and their successors; and more <!-- page 200--><a +name="page200"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 200</span>recently a +school district has been formed for the parishes of Moorby, Wood +Enderby, Claxby, and Wilksby; the school, which was built in +1855, being enlarged in 1872, to provide the accommodation +required by this union.</p> +<p>Moorby was one of the “thousand four hundred and +forty-two manors” which William the Conqueror took as his +own portion, when he divided the lands of England among his +Norman followers. Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it was +doubtless granted, along with that manor, and those of West +Ashby, High Toynton, and several others, to Adelias or Alice de +Cundi, daughter of William de Cheney, Lord of Caenby ann +Glentham, and wife of Roger de Cundi. As she took part +against King Stephen, in favour of the Empress Maud, he took the +property from her; but eventually restored it to her, on +condition that she should demolish her castle at Horncastle; this +however was only for life, the estates again reverting to the +crown. Henry II. made a grant of them to Gerbald le Escald, +a Fleming noble, who was succeeded by his grandson and heir, +Gerard de Rhodes. His son, Ralph de Rhodes, in the reign of +Henry III., sold the manors to Walter Mauclerke, Bishop of +Carlisle, and until recently the patronage of Moorby benefice +belonged to the Bishops of Carlisle. After the creation of +the See of Manchester, the patronage, with that of High Toynton, +Mareham-le-Fen, &c., was transferred to the Bishops of +Manchester.</p> +<p><i>Domesday Book</i>, describing the soke of the Manor of +Horncastle, says “In Morebi there are 3 carucates of land +(or about 360 acres). There are 6 soc-men, and 10 bordars, +who have 4 carucates (or 480 acres). There is a church and +a priest (evidently a resident; of whom, according to Sir Henry +Ellis, there were only 130 in the country), and 240 acres of +meadow and 6 acres of underwood.” In the old record, +Testa de Nevill (circa 1326–1328), the benefice of +“Morby” is said to be “of the gift of the lord +the king,” <i>i.e.</i> Edward II. or III. The +original charters of Henry III., granting these manors to the +Bishops of Carlisle, were confirmed by Henry VI.; but in course +of time they passed to the Brandons, and to various other +proprietors, until the ancestor of Sir Joseph Banks became lessee +of the Manor of Horncastle, and also acquired the Manor of +Moorby; to which James Banks Stanhope, Esq., and the late Right +Hon. Edward Stanhope succeeded; although T. Elsey, the Artindale +family, and the trustees of Bardney school, own portions of the +parish.</p> +<p>In the year 1554 (Aug. 6th) Thomas Bewley, Clerk, was admitted +to this benefice by Robert, Bishop of Carlisle, it being +“vacant by deprivation.” This was the 2nd year +of the reign of Queen Mary, of ill memory. Doubtless the +offence of the ejected predecessor was that he was married, which +was contrary to the papistic ideas, revived in that brief +reign. Numbers of beneficed clergy were deprived at that +time for this offence.</p> +<p>A few old records of some interest are preserved connected +with Moorby, of which we give two or three samples here. +First we have a family of the name of Moreby, of whom more than +one mention is made. Roger Moreby, by will dated Saturday +after the Feast of St. Botolph, 1394, commends his soul to St. +Mary and all the saints; he requests that his body may be buried +in Croyland parish church; he leaves 40s. to be given to the poor +on the day of his burial, and money to provide torches and wax +for the church, and the altars of St. Katharine, St. John the +Baptist, and Holy Trinity; he bequeaths £10 of silver to +his wife, and other items. Again, by will dated the Feast +of St. Thomas the apostle, 1368, Gervase de Wylleford bequeaths +100s. to John Moreby his cousin.</p> +<p><!-- page 201--><a name="page201"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +201</span>The family of Ayscough, formerly so widely represented +in the county, were connected with Moorby. By will, dated +16th Nov., 1601, Henry Ascoughe, Gent., desires to be buried in +the parish church of “Morebie,” leaving to his sister +“Elizabeth Aiscoughe (his) hereditaments in Morebie for +life, then to go to his brother Matthew.” His sister +is also to have lands which he had leased to Sir Henry Glenham, +Knight. <a name="citation201a"></a><a href="#footnote201a" +class="citation">[201a]</a> He further leaves to her, as +executrix, “£10 to be good and to my poor sister +Margarette.” To his brother Simon he bequeaths +“the best apparrell of my bodie, with riding furniture, and +my baie gelding, rapier, dagger, and pistol,” and further +bequests. The testator was son of Christopher Ayscough, of +Bliborough, and married, apparently without issue, Margaret, +daughter of Symon Battell, of Denham, Suffolk.</p> +<p>Like the not very distant Wildmore Fen, in which it now has a +modern allotment of 14 acres of glebe land. The name of +Moorby tells of its condition at the time when it acquired that +designation, which means the “by,” <i>i.e.</i> +“byre,” or farmstead on the moor. <a +name="citation201b"></a><a href="#footnote201b" +class="citation">[201b]</a> The moorland has now entirely +disappeared under the plough, and only young plantations +represent its former wild, woodland character.</p> +<h3>WOOD ENDERBY.</h3> +<p>Wood Enderby lies about four miles south by east from +Horncastle. Letters <i>via</i> Boston arrive at 10.30 +a.m.</p> +<p>The church, dedicated to St. Benedict, consists of nave, north +aisle, and chancel, a low tower, with graceful broach spire, +containing one bell, and small vestry. It is built of a +warm-tinted green sandstone, with free stone dressings; the style +of its architecture is a combination of the early English and +Decorated periods. It was almost entirely rebuilt in 1860, +at a cost of about £1,000. The south door, which is +in the tower, has an Early English arch of five mouldings. +There is a plain trefoiled window above in the tower; the lower +part of the spire having two lancet windows, with a circle above +them, and a small single-light window on each side, half way +up. In the west wall of the tower is a three-light window, +with two trefoils and a quatrefoil above. This is filled +with coloured glass, having the texts “I am the way, the +truth, and the life,” “Where two or three are +gathered together in My name, there am I in the midst of +them,” and “No man cometh unto the Father but by +Me.” There are similar windows, but without coloured +glass, in all four faces of the tower. At the north-west +angle of the tower is a staircase turret. Within the south +door, against the west wall, is an old stone coffin, with broken +lid, ornamented with an incised floriated cross; this was +discovered at the time of the restoration.</p> +<p>The arcade of the north aisle is of three bays, being part of +the old church, in Early English style, with plain arches, +supported on one octagonal pier and one shafted pier, with +dog-tooth ornament, the former having foliage on the +capital. In the north wall of the nave are three +square-headed windows of three lights, with trefoils above, the +glass being plain, except a border of red, purple, and +yellow. In the south wall are three two-light windows, with +trefoil and circle above; the glass being modern, with various +coloured scripture texts.</p> +<p><!-- page 202--><a name="page202"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +202</span>The sittings are of deal, with plain poppy-heads. +The pulpit is of modern oak, of five panels, each panel being +divided into two trefoiled arched partitions; the central panel +having a trefoil above, and below it a square piece of carved old +oak, representing Elijah blessing the cruse of oil for the widow +of Zarephath. The vestry, at the east end of the north +aisle, has one small trefoiled window. The tower and the +spire were added at the restoration. The chancel has a +decorated east window of three lights, with three quatrefoils +above. It is filled with modern coloured glass, the +subjects being, in the centre the Saviour risen from the tomb, on +the left an angel seated at the tomb, and on the right the +Magdalen. There is an inscription, “Jesus saith unto +her, Touch me not, for I am not yet ascended to my Father; but go +to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father and +your Father, and to my God and your God. John xx, +17.”</p> +<p>The north and south chancel walls have each one two-light +trefoiled window, with quatrefoil above; plain glass, except the +coloured band. In the south wall is a curious square +projecting Norman piscina, with fluted basin, and fluted +sides. In the north wall is an arched sepulchral +recess. The chancel arch is plain Early English. The +roof, like the sittings, is of pitch pine. The font has a +plain octagonal large bowl of Barnack stone, its upper rim being +modern, the shaft plain quadrilateral, with plain square columns +at the angles; base and pediment octagonal.</p> +<p>The register dates from 1561. It begins with the note +“The Register booke of Woodenderbye, containing herein ye +names of all such as have been married, burried, and christened, +from Michaelmas 1561, to Michaelmas 1562.” The first +five or six entries are illegible, and the others contain nothing +of special interest. The benefice, a vicarage, is +consolidated with the rectory of Moorby, and is now held by the +Rev. R. C. Oake.</p> +<p>As the name of Moorby indicated the character of the locality +in former times, when that name was first acquired, so Wood +Enderby means the “bye,” <i>i.e.</i> +“byre,” or farmstead “at the end of the +wood,” as it borders on what was once the forest tract of +“Tumby Chase”; Haltham wood, near at hand, being a +relic of that former wild region. <a name="citation202"></a><a +href="#footnote202" class="citation">[202]</a></p> +<p>W. H. Trafford, Esq., is Lord of the Manor. The Hon. Mr. +Stanhope owns a large part of the land; and portions belong to +the Rev. G. Ward, and other smaller owners. The late Miss +Trafford Southwell founded an infant school in the village; the +older children attending the Moorby school. The poor +parishioners receive 6d. each at Christmas, left by an unknown +donor, out of the farm now owned by Rev. G. Ward, of Mavis +Enderby.</p> +<p>The ancient history of Wood Enderby is much the same as that +of Moorby. It was one of the minor demesnes, within the +Soke of Horncastle, and attached to that manor; as were also West +Ashby, High Toynton, Mareham-on-the-Hill, and other +parishes. It would thus also be among the estates of +Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, and when his main line became +extinct, and the property was divided among collateral branches, +Wood Enderby, with Wilksby and Revesby, fell to the share of Mr. +John Carsey, or Kersey; his wife, the daughter of Sir Thomas +Lovell, Knight, being grand-daughter of Margaret, sister and +co-heir of the Duke of Suffolk. He owned the property <!-- +page 203--><a name="page203"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +203</span>from 1552 to 1575, and he and his son Francis jointly +sold it to Thomas Cecil, Lord Treasurer Burleigh. He held +it from 1575 to 1598, when it passed in succession to the 1st and +2nd Earls of Exeter, and to Elizabeth, Lady Howard, wife of the +Earl of Berkshire, in 1640, and so in 1658 to Henry Howard; in +1663 to his cousin Craven Howard, who built the former residence +at Revesby; and, after his death, the property was sold by the +daughters of Henry Howard to the Banks family; whence the manor +has descended to the present proprietors of Revesby.</p> +<p>The manor, like that of Moorby and other parishes already +named, would at one time belong to the Bishops of Carlisle, and +they were till recently patrons of the benefice; the patronage, +within late years, being transferred to the Bishops of +Manchester, after the creation of that See in 1848.</p> +<p>At an earlier date, being an appendage to the Manor of +Horncastle, this demesne would be owned at one period by Gerard +and Ralph de Rhodes; and this is shewn by the following records +among the Final Concords, date 3rd Feb., 1224–5, whereby an +agreement was arrived at between Henry del Ortiay and Sabina his +wife, on the one part, and Ralph de Rhodes on the other part, as +to certain lands in Moorby, Enderby, Horncastle, and other +parishes, that the said Henry and Sabina should recognise the +said lands as belonging to the said Ralph; he, on his part, +granting to them other lands there, specially designated, they +rendering to him “therefor by the year, one pair of gilt +spurs, at Easter, for all service and exaction.” <a +name="citation203a"></a><a href="#footnote203a" +class="citation">[203a]</a> This agreement was settled +“at the court of the Lord the King at Westminster on the +morrow of the purification of the blessed Mary, in the 9th year +of King Henry III. <a name="citation203b"></a><a +href="#footnote203b" class="citation">[203b]</a></p> +<p>In the old records, Testa de Nevill (circa 1326–28), it +is stated that “the churches of Horncastre, Askeby (West +Ashby), Upper Thinton (High Toynton), of Meringes +(Mareham-on-the-Hill), and of Hinderby (Wood Enderby), are of the +gift of the lord; and Osbert, the parson, holds them of King +Richard.”</p> +<p>In <i>Domesday Book</i> it is stated that at the time of the +Conqueror, there were “400 acres of wood pasturage” +in the parish, a sufficient reason for its designation. +Like Moorby, it was among the manors seized by the Conqueror, for +his portion of the plunder taken from our Saxon +forefathers. In Saxon times the Thane, Siward, had land +here; which was given by the Conqueror to his steward, Robert +Despenser, brother of the Earl Montgomery. <a +name="citation203c"></a><a href="#footnote203c" +class="citation">[203c]</a></p> +<h3>CONINGSBY.</h3> +<p>This is a large village, about 8 miles from Horncastle, in a +southerly direction. It is bounded on the north by +Tattershall Thorpe, on the west by Tattershall, on the south by +Wildmore, and on the east by Tumby and Mareham-le-Fen. Its +area is 3,442 acres, including the hamlet of Hawthorn Hill; +rateable value £5,160; population 1,192. Apart from a +limited number of shops and three inns, the people are engaged +mainly in agriculture. The soil is mostly a light sand, +with a subsoil of gravel deposits and clay. The nearest +railway station is at Tattershall, distant about 1½ +miles.</p> +<p><!-- page 204--><a name="page204"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +204</span>The owners of over 50 acres are Lord Willoughby de +Eresby, M.P., Lord of the Manor; Sir H. M. Hawley, Bart., J.P.; +F. Sherwin; J. Rodgers; J. Burcham Rogers, J.P.; Mrs. Evison; the +rector, Rev. Canon A. Wright, M.A., J.P., Rural Dean and Canon of +Lincoln. Smaller owners, about 50. The only +gentleman’s seat now existing is the hall, the residence of +J. B. Rogers, Esq., J.P.</p> +<p>The old custom of ringing the pancake bell on Shrove Tuesday +is still kept up. The annual feast is held in the week +after St. Michael’s Day, the patron saint. The +“Ignitegium,” or curfew, was rung within the last 35 +years, but has been discontinued, the parish being now lighted by +gas.</p> +<p>There are a few field names, indicating the former +“woodland and waste” <a name="citation204"></a><a +href="#footnote204" class="citation">[204]</a> character of the +locality. The Ings, or meadows, so common throughout the +district; Oatlands; Scrub Hill, scrub being an old Lincolnshire +word for a small wood; Reedham, referring to the morass; +Toothill, probably a “look-out” over the waste; +Langworth, probably a corruption of lang-wath, the long ford; +Troy Wood, may be British, corresponding to the Welsh caertroi, a +labyrinth or fort of mounds. The hamlets are Dogdyke, a +corruption of Dock-dyke (the sea having once extended to these +parts); Hawthorn Hill, Scrub Hill. There is an enclosure +award in the possession of the clerk of the Parish Council.</p> +<p>The parish register dates from 1561. The church plate is +modern, chalice and paten dated 1870; the flagon is older and +more massive, but has no date. The Earl of Ancaster is +patron of the benefice, a rectory, with good house, enlarged +about 30 years ago, and 500 acres of glebe.</p> +<p>The National School was built by subscription and government +grant in 1836, at a cost of about £230, exclusive of the +site, which was given by the late Sir Gilbert Heathcote. It +was enlarged in 1875 at cost of £300. The master has +£3 per annum, left by the Rev. R. Kelham in 1719, also the +dividend of £100 3½ per cent. reduced consols, +bought by the bequest of the Rev. Mr. Boawre, Rector, in +1784.</p> +<p>The charities are Banks, <i>viz.</i> £2 a year from land +in Haltham, for bread for the poor; Metham’s, for poor +widows, from houses and land in Wisbech, left by Geo. Metham in +1685; Lawrence’s, for coats for poor men, from land in +Leake, left by Robt. Lawrence in 1721.</p> +<p>The Horncastle canal traverses the parish, but is now a +derelict.</p> +<p>There was formerly a castle in this parish, the residence of a +family of the name of Coningsby, but no traces of it remain, +unless it be in an ancient dovecote, placed among some fine trees +to the east of the village.</p> +<p>The church, dedicated to St. Michael, is a large, and +originally a fine, church, consisting of nave, with north and +south aisles, an apsidal modern chancel, and a massive western +tower. This latter is of Perpendicular date, very plain, +but of excellent ashlar work; it has a clock and six bells. +The ground stage has open arches to the north and south, with a +groined roof above, and a thoroughfare through it. In the +eastern wall of the south porch is a stoup, which was formerly +open, both within the porch and outside it. Over the porch +is a parvis or priest’s chamber. Outside the church, +near the top of the wall of a cupola-shaped finial of the rood +loft turret is an old sun dial. The interior of the nave +has a massive heavy roof of beams somewhat rudely cut, with +traces of former colouring.</p> +<p>The four western bays of the arcade are Early English, with +low arches, <!-- page 205--><a name="page205"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 205</span>the easternmost bay seems to have +been added at a later date, the arch higher and wider. The +moulding between two of the north arches terminates in a head, on +each side of which an evil spirit is whispering. Another +terminal is the head of a woman wearing the “branks,” +or “scold’s bridle.” On the south side of +the chancel arch is a rood loft staircase turret, of which both +the lower and upper door remain.</p> +<p>At the restoration in 1872 the clerestory windows were spoilt +by being reduced in height; externally their original design +remains. In the centre of the nave are two large sepulchral +slabs, once bearing brasses, which are now gone, representing two +civilians and their wives. The apsidal chancel is quite out +of keeping with the rest of the fabric. There are some +remains of the old carved oak screen, and south of the communion +table is an Early English capital, with piscina behind it.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p205b.jpg"> +<img alt= +"St. Michaels Church, Coningsby" +title= +"St. Michaels Church, Coningsby" +src="images/p205s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>The Notes on Churches, by Gervase Holles, shew that in his +time (circa 1630) the windows of this church abounded in coloured +glass, of which not a vestige remains. He gives, among the +devices, the arms of Marmyon, Dymoke, Hillary, Welles, +Hattecliffe, Umfraville, Willoughby, Ros, Tateshale, Bernake, +Crumwell, Huntingfield, Rochfort, Beke, Boucher, Waterton, +Hebden, Deyncourt, France and England, &c. <a +name="citation205"></a><a href="#footnote205" +class="citation">[205]</a></p> +<p>Among the rectors of this parish have been two poets, one the +laureate of his day (1718), the Rev. Laurence Eusden, who died +1730. The other, John Dyer, was born 1700, appointed to the +benefice in 1752, by Sir John Heathcote, <!-- page 206--><a +name="page206"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 206</span>was the +author of <i>Grongar Hill</i>, <i>The Fleece</i>, and <i>The +Ruins of Rome</i>; he was honoured with a sonnet by +Wordsworth.</p> +<p>A congregation of Baptists was formed here under the +Commonwealth, with an endowment for a minister. The society +still exists, their present chapel being erected in 1862; they +have also a day school, built by Mr. John Overy in 1845. +The Wesleyans have a chapel, built in 1825, and others at +Hawthorn Hill, Haven Bank, Moorside, and Meer Booth. The +Primitive Methodists have a chapel, built in 1854, and others at +Reedham Corner and Scrub Hill.</p> +<p>Of the early history of this parish we have scattered notices +in various documents. In <i>Domesday Book</i> we find that +Sortibrand, son of Ulf the Saxon, who was one of the lagmen of +Lincoln, held a Berewick in Coningsby. Land here is +mentioned among the Conqueror’s possessions. The +powerful favourite of the Conqueror, Robert Despenser, laid claim +to a fishery and lands in Coningsby; and the juryman of the +wapentake of Horncastle decided that his claim was good, because +Achi, his Saxon predecessor, had held the same in the time of +Edward the Confessor. From the same source we find that two +other powerful Normans held land here, <i>viz.</i> Hugo d’ +Abrincis, surnamed “Lupus,” or “The +Wolf,” from his fierce character; and Drogo de Bruere, who +had the Conqueror’s niece to wife.</p> +<p>As with other parishes in this soke, we find from a Feet of +Fines, 9 Henry III., No. 52, that Ralph de Rhodes then held lands +here. Subsequently the Marmyons, Dymokes, and Taillebois, +all connected in the blazonry of the former memorial windows (as +before mentioned), held property in the parish. <a +name="citation206a"></a><a href="#footnote206a" +class="citation">[206a]</a> By a Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, taken 31st May, 10 Henry VII., No. 72 (A.D. 1495), it was +found that Robert Taillebois, Knt., with John Gygour, Warden of +the college of Tateshale, was seized of the manor; while, +further, in a Feet of Fines, 19 Henry VII. (1503), John Mordaunt +is acknowledged by Sir Edward Poynings, Sir Thomas Fynes, and +others, to be the owner of lands in Coningsby, and elsewhere in +the soke. He held at least four other manors, and lands in +many other parishes. Also a Feet of Fines, 21 Henry VII. +(1505), it was agreed before Humphrey Coningsby, Sergeant at Law, +Sir Giles Daubeney, and others, that the Bishop of Winchester +held certain property here.</p> +<p>The Dymokes were patrons of the benefice; Sir Charles Dymoke +presenting in 1682, after which the patronage passed to the +Heathcote family (Liber Regis and Ecton’s Thesaurus). +But an earlier connection with the Dymokes is shewn by a +tombstone commemorative of “Anna, daughter of Thomas +Dymoke, and his wife Margaret, que obijt . . . Ao Dni +1462.”</p> +<p>In connection with the Humphrey Coningsby, named above, we +have already mentioned that a castellated residence in this +parish belonged to a family of that name. This Humphrey was +Judge of the King’s Bench, and bought Hampton Court, co. +Hereford, of Sir Thomas Cornwall, about 1510; where was preserved +a painting of the old mansion at Coningsby. <a +name="citation206b"></a><a href="#footnote206b" +class="citation">[206b]</a> Thomas Coningsby was knighted +by Elizabeth in 1591. Sir Fitz-William Coningsby was +Sheriff of the county, 1627; and for his loyalty to Charles I. +his estates were confiscated by the Puritans. His son was +rewarded with a peerage by Charles II.; and saved the life of +King William at the battle of the Boyne; <!-- page 207--><a +name="page207"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 207</span>but his two +sons dying early, and he having no further issue, the title +became extinct.</p> +<p>In the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the +Herald’s Visitation in 1634, we find the name of Clinton +Whichcote, of Coningsby, a member of an old county family, still +occupying a good position. <a name="citation207a"></a><a +href="#footnote207a" class="citation">[207a]</a></p> +<h3>WILKSBY.</h3> +<p>Wilksby lies about halfway between the parishes of Wood +Enderby and Moorby, at a distance of about five miles from +Horncastle, in a south-easterly direction. Letters from +Boston <i>via</i> Revesby, arrive about 10.30 a.m.</p> +<p>The ancient history of this parish is much the same as that of +the adjoining parish of Moorby on the east, and Wood Enderby on +the west. It is called in <i>Domesday Book</i> Wilchesbi, +and Wilgesbi. At the date of that survey (1086) there were +four soc-men and five bordars, who had one carucate (or 120 +acres) of land, and 20 acres of woodland; while the lord of the +manor had one carucate in demesne, and five villeins, with two +oxen in another carucate; with 20 acres of meadow and 40 acres of +underwood; so that, like the neighbouring Moor-by and Wood +Ender-by, this parish also was largely of a forest character.</p> +<p>In this parish there was also “a Berewick of 1½ +carucates” (or 180 acres); a Berewick meaning an outlying +farm (from “bere” barley, and “wick” a +village) belonging to another manor.</p> +<p>The parish was one of the estates taken by the Conqueror for +himself, probably then forming part of the great Tumby +Chase. He afterwards granted the manor to his steward, +Robert Despenser, a powerful Norman noble, the ancestor of the +Earls of Gloucester, brother of the Earl Montgomery, and of Urso +de Abetot, hereditary sheriff of Worcestershire. He held 15 +manors in Lincolnshire, and 17 in Leicestershire, beside others +elsewhere.</p> +<p>Being in the Soke of Horncastle, it would be connected with +that manor, as were so many other neighbouring parishes; and +doubtless by a similar process, to the cases of Moorby and Wood +Enderby, it belonged successively to the Brandons, Dukes of +Suffolk; the Cecils, Earls of Exeter; the Howards, Earls of +Berkshire; and finally, by purchase, passed to the Banks family, +and through them to the Stanhopes.</p> +<p>Among the Assize Rolls (No. 319, m. 9 d) is a plea, made at +Hertford, 10th May, 1247, in which “Joan de Leweline (with +another) offered herself against Silvester, Bishop of +Karlisle,” in a suit concerning “£20 of rent in +Enderby, Moreby, Wilkesby and Cuningby, and the advowson of the +church Moreby,” in which the bishop failed to appear. +But in a Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry III., No. 131, an +agreement was made (21st July, A.D. 1248) by which the said Joan +de Lewelyn (and others) did homage to the bishop, for these lands +in Enderby, “Welkeby,” &c., and the advowson of +“Moresby,” the bishop in turn granting to them +“the homage and whole service of Ivo, son of Odo de +Tymelby”; and they holding the land, &c., “in +chief of the aforesaid bishop; and doing therefor the fourth part +of the service of one knight.” <a +name="citation207b"></a><a href="#footnote207b" +class="citation">[207b]</a></p> +<p>In another document, a Final Concord, dated 27th May, 1240, +between Alan de Dauderby and Alice de Lysurs, it was agreed that +Alice should <!-- page 208--><a name="page208"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 208</span>“acquit him of the service +which Robert de Theleby exacts . . . of half a knight’s +fee, for which she is mesne.” She further agrees that +Alan and his heirs shall hold certain tenements of Alice and her +heirs; to wit, 12 oxgangs and 80 acres of land, two messuages, +with a rent of 12s. 8d., and two parts of a mill in Theleby, +Wilkeby, Burton; and a meadow called Utemyng, for the service a +fourth part of a knight’s fee; and for this Alan gave her +10 marks.</p> +<p>The former of these records shews that, like the other +parishes connected with the Manor of Horncastle, the Bishops of +Carlisle were at one period patrons of the benefice (and probably +owners of the manor) of Wilkesby; but, while in the case of +several other parishes, this patronage continues (only +transferred to the Bishops of Manchester) to the present day, the +patronage of Wilksby passed to others. According to Liber +Regis in 1711 and 1720 Lewis Dymoke presented to the +benefice. In 1764, by some arrangement, George Willows, +Gent., presented; but again, in 1833, it was in the patronage of +the Hon. the Champion, H. Dymoke, who appointed to the rectory a +relative, the Rev. J. Bradshaw Tyrwhitt, one of a very old, +knightly, Lincolnshire family, the Tyrwhitts of Stainfield, +Kettleby, &c. A tablet to his memory is erected in the +church at Scrivelsby. <a name="citation208a"></a><a +href="#footnote208a" class="citation">[208a]</a> The +patronage was subsequently acquired by J. Banks Stanhope, Esq., +and is annexed to the chaplaincy of Revesby, which has no +permanent endowment.</p> +<p>Among the List of Gentry of Lincolnshire, made at the +Herald’s Visitation in 1634, and preserved at the +Heralds’ College, along with the Dymocks of Scrivelsby, +Haltham, Kyme and Lincoln, is Paganell Hartgrave of Wilksby. <a +name="citation208b"></a><a href="#footnote208b" +class="citation">[208b]</a></p> +<p>The church, dedicated to All Saints, is a mean structure, +erected in the 18th century, of brick and Spilsby sandstone, +standing on the site of an earlier church, of which nothing seems +to remain except the font. It consists of nave and chancel, +both on a very small scale, and a wooden bell-turret, with one +small bell. The north and west walls are of sandstone, the +former covered with a thick coating of tar to keep out the +moisture; the east wall has alternate layers of brick and +sandstone. Some improvements have been made in recent +years, much needed to make it even a decent place of +worship. The two two-light trefoiled windows in the south +wall of the nave have been framed in stone instead of wood, and +filled with green glass. The east window of the chancel has +wooden mullions interlaced, and it has been adorned with paper +representations of, in the centre the Ascension, to the left the +Saviour holding an infant in his arms, to the right the child +Jesus sitting among the doctors in the temple.</p> +<p>The roof of the chancel is apsidal, externally, as well as the +nave, covered with modern house tiles. Internally the nave +has a flat ceiling of deal boards. The pulpit and seats are +painted wainscot; there is a small modern oak reading desk, and a +lectern to match it. The chancel arch is a plain +semicircle, but on its eastern side has a pointed Early English +arch. The chancel rails are of modern oak, slightly carved; +and there is a deal credence table. The 14th century font +has a massive octagonal bowl, with large trefoils in each face, +and grotesquely carved heads at the angles; the shaft being plain +octagonal. The improvements were made in 1896, at the cost +of the late Mrs. Stanhope.</p> +<p><!-- page 209--><a name="page209"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +209</span>The register dates from 1562. In recent years the +incumbency of Claxby Pluckacre, where the church had gone to +ruins, has been annexed to the rectory of Wilksby, the joint +value of the two being about £300 a year. They are +held by the Rev. P. O. Ashby, Chaplain of Revesby.</p> +<h3>LANGRIVILLE & THORNTON-LE-FEN.</h3> +<p>These are modern accretions to the Soke of Horncastle, made in +the early years of the 19th century. They are distant +southward from Horncastle about 13 miles; situated in a tract of +land called Wildmore Fen, lying about midway between Coningsby to +the north, and Boston to the south. At various periods +inundated by the sea, this continued, to the end of the 18th +century, more or less a region of morass; available in the summer +for grazing, but generally during the winter under water; when +all cattle had to be removed for safety to the lands under +cultivation at the homesteads of the farmers; and if by chance +the farmer was behindhand in removing them, and the floods became +frozen, it was a common thing for his cattle, while slipping +about on the ice, to be split up, or, as it was locally termed, +“screeved,” and so become helpless, and fit only for +slaughter. <a name="citation209"></a><a href="#footnote209" +class="citation">[209]</a></p> +<p>An Act of Parliament was passed in 1787 or 1788, and +commissioners were appointed, for the drainage of this and +adjoining similar tracts; but little was done until 1800, when +the able engineer, Mr. John Rennie, submitted his plans for the +drainage to the commissioners. His first report, dated +April 7th, 1800, estimated the cost of draining Wildmore Fen +alone at £29,702; the total outlay, for that and adjoining +fens, being put at nearly £215,000. By 1812 these +operations were completed; and in that year an Act was passed +making these lands parochial, and assigning the two portions +above named to the Soke of Horncastle.</p> +<h3>LANGRIVILLE.</h3> +<p>Langriville, so called because it is near Langrick (or Long +Creek) on the Witham, has an area of 2,514 acres, including +Langrick Ferry; rateable value £3,300. The population +is entirely engaged in agriculture. The nearest railway +station is at Langrick, in the parish.</p> +<p>It consists of the southern portion of Wildmore Fen, which at +the enclosure was allotted to the Earl of Stamford and +Warrington, in lieu of his manorial rights over Armtree and +Wildmore; with other lands sold by the Drainage Commissioners, +early in the 19th century. The Earl’s estates +afterwards passed, by purchase, to the late J. Fretwell Bramley +and others. The present Lord of the Manor is Lord Malcolm, +of Poltallock; and he, the Rector of Coningsby, the executors of +Lady Ingram Watkin, J. Linton, Esq., of Stirtcoe, Buckden, +Herts., Harrison Hayter, Esq., W. Goodenough Hayter, Esq., Mr. +Jonathan Fox, of Boston, E. Harrison, Esq., and Mr. William +Pepper are the largest land owners.</p> +<p>A small brick church was erected in 1831, consisting of nave, +chancel and <!-- page 210--><a name="page210"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 210</span>bell turret; and repaired and +improved in 1885, by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners. The +Bishop of Lincoln is patron; and the Rev. W. Fitz-Harry Curtis is +the incumbent, who has here a residence, with an income of +£320 a year.</p> +<p>The Wesleyans have a chapel at Langrick Ferry, also in Armtree +Road. By an order in council, dated 26th August, 1881, +Langriville and Thornton-le-Fen were united, under the title of +“The Consolidated Chapelry of Wildmore.” There +is a church at each place. At the time of the enclosure fen +allotments were assigned to various of the older parishes, and +these are many of them now included in this modern district, +comprising parts of Fishtoft Fen, of Coningsby, of Kirkstead, +Scrivelsby, Woodhall, Dalderby, and Martin. The entire area +is now 10,500 acres, and population 1,470.</p> +<p>The National School, erected in 1857, is at Gipsy Bridge, now +under a School Board.</p> +<h3>THORNTON-LE-FEN.</h3> +<p>Thornton-le-Fen adjoins Langriville, lying to the east of it, +about three miles from Langrick railway station. The area +was originally about 1,425 acres, including Bunkers Hill, part of +Gipsy Bridge, and other scattered farms, which were sold by the +Drainage Commissioners early in the 19th century, when it was +made, by Act of Parliament, a parochial township. Rateable +value £1,979. It has its name from the former chief +proprietors, the Thornton family; but the chief land owners now +are Lord Malcolm of Poltalloch, the Pepper, Ireland, Creasey, +Ward, and Wilcock families. The soil is clay, and very +fertile.</p> +<p>The church, which was built on the Fen Chapel Estates in 1816, +is a small brick building, containing 200 sittings; the benefice, +valued at £100 a year, is in the gift of the Bishop of +Lincoln, and by order in council, dated 26th August, 1881, was +consolidated with the chapelry of Langriville; the two being of +the united yearly value of £320, and held by the Rev. W. +Fitz-Harry Curtis, who resides at the latter place.</p> +<p>A good school and master’s house were erected in 1880, +by the School Board of Wildmore Fen, at a cost of about +£1,200, to accommodate 168 children. The Wesleyans +have a chapel at New York and Bunkers’ Hill. The +Primitive Methodists have also a chapel.</p> +<p>The Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to whom the Fen Chapel +Estates were transferred in 1876, pay £120 a year for a +curate, who now is the Rev. Harold E. Curtis. The total +area is now 10,500 acres, and population 1,470.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p><span class="smcap">Note</span>.—Other parishes have +once been in the Soke of Horncastle, which no longer belong to +it. <i>Domesday Book</i> gives Scrivelsby, “Langton +and (its) Thorpe” (from which I write; “Thorpe” +being doubtless the outlying district recently known as Langton +St. Andrew), and also Edlington. How these became separated +is not known. As suggested by the author of +<i>Scrivelsby</i>, <i>the home of the Champions</i>, Scrivelsby, +as a barony of the Marmyon and Dymoke families, would probably be +separated by payment of a fine; such powerful families preferring +not to be sub-ordinated to another manor. Several Dymokes, +however, were buried at Horncastle, where are their +monuments.</p> +<h2><!-- page 213--><a name="page213"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 213</span>INDEX.</h2> +<h3>A</h3> +<p>Abrincis, Hugo de, “The Wolf,” <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Accident, remarkable, of Dr. J. B. Smith, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page94">94</a></span>.</p> +<p>Adelias de Cundi, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page1">1</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page200">200</a></span>.</p> +<p>Albemarle, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p> +<p>Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Allison, Henry, wealthy, in Hull, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page158">158</a></span>.</p> +<p>Allenby, Henry, Chemist to H.M.S., <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p> +<p>Allerton, Lord, Horncastrian, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page152">152</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ancaster, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p> +<p>Angevine, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page28">28</a></span>.</p> +<p>Angus, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p> +<p>Arms of Charles I., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.<br /> +,, temp. Charles I., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span>.<br /> +,, of Marmyon, Dymoke, Umfraville, Willoughby, &c., in +Coningsby Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ashby, West, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page176">176</a></span>–180.<br /> +,, Church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page182">182</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ayscough, Clynton, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br /> +,, Elizabeth, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>.<br /> +,, Henry, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>.<br /> +,, Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br /> +,, William, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p> +<h3>B</h3> +<p>Babington, Miss, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page59">59</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bage, <i>i.e.</i> sod, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p> +<p>Baieux, Bishop of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page165">165</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bain, river name, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p> +<p>Baker, Thomas, cricketer, ventriloquist, &c., <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page159">159</a></span>.</p> +<p>Banks, Sir Joseph, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page31">31</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page194">194</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p> +<p>Baptists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page84">84</a></span>–86.<br /> +,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page84">84</a></span>.</p> +<p>Barkham, Sir Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Barracks at Queen’s Head Inn, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bavent, Eudo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page27">27</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page196">196</a></span>.<br /> +,, Close, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page27">27</a></span>.</p> +<p>Beaumont, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bell and Lancastrian Schools, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page111">111</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p> +<p>Berewick in Coningsby, held by Sortibrand, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br /> +,, in Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bertie, Hon. Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br /> +,, Richard, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page182">182</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bevere, Drogo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page166">166</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>“Black Death” at Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bocher, Arthur, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bolle, Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br /> +,, George, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bolles, Sir Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page171">171</a></span>.</p> +<p>Boucherett, Ascoghe, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p> +<p>Boulton, Dr. Barnard, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page37">37</a></span>.<br /> +,, Henry, window to first wife, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page38">38</a></span>.<br /> +,, “Billy,” anecdote of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page160">160</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bourne, The Venerable Hugh, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page73">73</a></span>–76.<br /> +,, College, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span>.</p> +<p>Brackenbury, Mr. Carr, Wesley’s friend, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page66">66</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page68">68</a></span>, and +note.</p> +<p>“Branks,” or “scold’s bridle,” +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p> +<p>Brandon, Charles, Duke of Suffolk, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>British words still used, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span>.</p> +<p>Britons, Cæsar’s description of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page3">3</a></span> and notes.<br +/> +,, good workmen, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span>.</p> +<p><!-- page 214--><a name="page214"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +214</span>Britons, Tacitus account of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page5">5</a></span>.</p> +<p>Brown, Rev. Benson, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page153">153</a></span>.<br /> +,, John, “Laureate,” <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page158">158</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page159">159</a></span>.<br /> +,, Martin, and press gang, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p> +<p>Brownists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page78">78</a></span>.</p> +<p>Bunyon, John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page84">84</a></span>.</p> +<p>“Butts,” field name, meaning of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page174">174</a></span>.</p> +<h3>C</h3> +<p>Calthrop Lieut. Richard, window to, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p> +<p>Camville, Gerard de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page26">26</a></span>.</p> +<p>Canal, Horncastle, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page126">126</a></span>–129.<br /> +,, opening ceremony, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page127">127</a></span>–128.</p> +<p>Canals recognised by Magna Charta, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page128">128</a></span>.</p> +<p>Caparn, Rev. W. B., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page153">153</a></span>.</p> +<p>Capella, Henry de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p> +<p>Carlisle, Bishops of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page167">167</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Carsey (or Kersey), John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Catherine, St., altar of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page200">200</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, chantry of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page36">36</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cecil, Sir Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page29">29</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p> +<p>Chamerlayn dole, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p> +<p>Chapel, St. Laurence’s, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page33">33</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page34">34</a></span>.</p> +<p>Charles I., arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p> +<p>Charters of markets and fairs, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span>.</p> +<p>Chattels of felons granted to bishop, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cheney, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page16">16</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span>.</p> +<p>Church, St. Mary’s, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page33">33</a></span>–45.<br /> +,, not original, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page33">33</a></span>.<br /> +,, plate, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page55">55</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page56">56</a></span>.<br /> +,, restored, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page56">56</a></span>.<br /> +,, Holy Trinity, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span>–59.<br /> +,, ,, architect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span>.<br /> +,, Lads’ Brigade, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page63">63</a></span>.<br /> +,, Schools, National, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page63">63</a></span>.<br /> +,, service, absence from, fined, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clarke, Rev. T. J., Vicar, account, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page60">60</a></span>.</p> +<p>Claribel, Mrs. Barnard, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clerical Club, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page63">63</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page137">137</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page138">138</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clinton, Lord, and family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page21">21</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page92">92</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clinton, Lord, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page97">97</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clitherow, Mr. Robert, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p> +<p>Clowes, William, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page75">75</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page76">76</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cock and Breeches Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cock-fighting, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Coins found at Mareham-on-the-Hill, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p> +<p>Coningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>–207.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>–7.<br /> +,, land owners of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rector of, Poet Laureate, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir Fitz-William, Sheriff, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, at battle of the Boyne saved the king’s life, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Coningsby, mansion of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Conyngsby, Humphrey <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Constable, an old smuggler, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<p>Coppuldyke, Thomas and wife, guild of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Corn Exchange, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page140">140</a></span>–142.</p> +<p>Court House, account of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page135">135</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page136">136</a></span>.</p> +<p>Craycroft of Craycroft, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cressey, Nicholas, gent., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p> +<p>Crispus and Crispinianus, window, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page37">37</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Cromwell visits Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page32">32</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cromwell, Ralph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p> +<p>Cussons, John, Confederate General, &c., <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span>.</p> +<h3>D</h3> +<p>Danish Conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page10">10</a></span>.</p> +<p>Despenser, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page195">195</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Despensers, Earls of Gloucester, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page195">195</a></span>.</p> +<p>Destructive storms at Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p> +<p>Dispensary, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page119">119</a></span>–125.<br /> +,, balls, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br /> +,, dispensers, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br /> +,, legacies, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page125">125</a></span>.<br /> +,, present building, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page124">124</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page125">125</a></span>.<br /> +,, presidents, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page123">123</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page124">124</a></span>.<br /> +,, sermons, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page122">122</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page123">123</a></span>.<br /> +,, vice-presidents, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page124">124</a></span>.</p> +<p>Dixon, Miss Annie, artist, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page151">151</a></span>.</p> +<p>Dogdyke, <i>i.e.</i> Dock-dyke, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p> +<p>Dole, Chamerlayn, at Roughton, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Drill Hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page148">148</a></span>–150.</p> +<p>Drogo de Bruere, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Dymoke, Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br /> +,, John, of Haltham, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.<br /> +,, John, Rev., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>.<br /> +,, Lionel, curious will of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page183">183</a></span>–184.<br /> +,, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir Henry, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir Lionel, monument to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page41">41</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, engraving, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page42">42</a></span>.<br /> +,, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p><!-- page 215--><a name="page215"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +215</span>Dymokes, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page208">208</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p> +<h3>E</h3> +<p>Eastwood, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p> +<p>Editha, Queen, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p> +<p>Elmhirst, General Charles, window to, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page179">179</a></span>.<br /> +,, William, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span>.</p> +<p>Enderby, Wood, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>–203.</p> +<p>Escald, Gerald de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page200">200</a></span>.</p> +<p>Eusden, Rev. Laurence, Poet Laureate, Rector of Coningsby, +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p> +<h3>F</h3> +<p>Fast, solemn, at Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page51">51</a></span>.</p> +<p>Felons, right to try, of Bishop of Carlisle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p> +<p>Fighting Cocks Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.<br /> +,, foxhounds kept at, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.<br /> +,, scythe fair at, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Fitz-William, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page28">28</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page29">29</a></span>.</p> +<p>Forests, extensive, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page2">2</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span> and note, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page202">202</a></span> and note, +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Fox, Mrs. Salome, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p> +<p>Foxe’s Book of Martyrs, in church, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>.</p> +<p>Franklin, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p> +<p>Freshville, Peter, Frances, daughter of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Fynes, Norreys, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br /> +,, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<h3>G</h3> +<p>Gairmaro, Geoffrey, chronicler, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page16">16</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Gallows of Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span>.<br /> +,, at Thimbleby, of Abbot, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page170">170</a></span>.</p> +<p>Gaunt, Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page166">166</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page167">167</a></span>.</p> +<p>George, Dr. Hugh, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page59">59</a></span>.<br /> +,, Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, incident at, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p> +<p>Gibson, Thomas, Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page39">39</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page40">40</a></span> and note, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page51">51</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page52">52</a></span>.</p> +<p>Giles, Prebendary, window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page39">39</a></span>.</p> +<p>Gilliat, Rev. Edward, author, &c., <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page152">152</a></span>.</p> +<p>Glenham family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page196">196</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>.</p> +<p>Goldie, Rev. C. D., Curate, account of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p> +<p>Goodrich, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Grace, Pilgrimage of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Grammar School, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page91">91</a></span>–107.<br /> +,, distinctions of old boys, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br /> +,, distinguished boys, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page95">95</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page96">96</a></span>.<br /> +,, games and customs, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page99">99</a></span>–104.<br /> +,, Governors, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page92">92</a></span>.<br /> +,, Madge, Dr., late Master, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br /> +,, Masters, former under, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page97">97</a></span>–99.<br /> +,, modern, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page105">105</a></span>.<br /> +,, new buildings, future, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page107">107</a></span>.<br /> +,, origin of, early, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page91">91</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page92">92</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page106">106</a></span>.<br /> +,, property of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page92">92</a></span>.<br /> +,, White, Rev. T., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page99">99</a></span>.<br /> +,, Worman, Mr. A. N., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page105">105</a></span>.</p> +<p>Grosvenor, Rev. Francis, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page98">98</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page99">99</a></span>.<br /> +,, F., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page152">152</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page153">153</a></span>.</p> +<h3>H</h3> +<p>Hallgarth, interesting old house in Thimbleby, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span>.</p> +<p>Haltham, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>–192.<br /> +,, church, interesting, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hamerton, John, Churchwarden, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page39">39</a></span>.<br /> +,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page52">52</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hangman’s Corner, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hardingshall, Sir William, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hartgrave, Paganell, of Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hartwell, Lady, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Harwood, Mr. F., window to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page38">38</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hawley, Sir Henry M., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p> +<p>Heald, George, Chancellor, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span>.<br /> +,, and Lola Montez, incident, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p> +<p>Healey, A. H., athlete, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page154">154</a></span>.</p> +<p>Heathcote, Sir Gilbert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page205">205</a></span>.</p> +<p>Heneage family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>.</p> +<p>Henry IV., visits Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page32">32</a></span>.</p> +<p>“Hoblers” for the army, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p> +<p>Holles, Gervase, description of church windows, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Holles, Gervase, wife buried at Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Holme, <i>i.e.</i> island, Danish, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hopton, Sir Ingram, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page40">40</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page41">41</a></span>.</p> +<p>Horncastle, British settlement, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page1">1</a></span>.<br /> +,, Manor, owners of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page13">13</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page22">22</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page24">24</a></span>.<br /> +,, market tolls, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page13">13</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page14">14</a></span>.<br /> +,, Benefice, King appoints to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rector murdered, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rector changed to Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span>.<br /> +,, Peter de Galicia appointed to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rectors and Vicars, list of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page50">50</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page51">51</a></span>.<br /> +,, rectory house, former, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page55">55</a></span>.</p> +<p>Hotchkin, family of, connected with Thimbleby, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page172">172</a></span>.</p> +<p><!-- page 216--><a name="page216"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +216</span>Hounds kept at Fighting Cocks, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<h3>I</h3> +<p>Independents, sect of and chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span>–83.</p> +<p>Islep, Simon de, Rector, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p> +<h3>J</h3> +<p>“Jack” Musters kept hounds at Fighting Cocks, +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<h3>K</h3> +<p>Keane, Charles, and Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page156">156</a></span>.<br /> +,, Edmund, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p> +<p>Kemp family and Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page173">173</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page175">175</a></span>.<br /> +,, meaning of name, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page173">173</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Kent, John, owner of Horncastle Manor, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page24">24</a></span>.</p> +<p>King’s Head Inn, thatched, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Kirkstead, Thimbleby belonged to Abbot of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page169">169</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page170">170</a></span>.<br /> +,, Abbot of, arbitrary action of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page170">170</a></span>.</p> +<p>Knyght, questionable action of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page169">169</a></span>.</p> +<h3>L</h3> +<p>Lancastrian and Bell Schools, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page111">111</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page112">112</a></span>.</p> +<p>Langley, Ambrose, footballer, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p> +<p>Langton, John de, Rector of Horncastle, Bishop of Chichester, +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page46">46</a></span>.</p> +<p>Langrick, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p> +<p>Langriville, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span>.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br /> +,, School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p> +<p>Langworth, meaning of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p> +<p>Leweline, Joan de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Leych, William, curious will of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lincolnshire Rising, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.<br /> +,, William Leche, “begynner” of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lindsey, Earl of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Literary Society, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page138">138</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lizures, William de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page26">26</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page27">27</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lodge, Canon S., lectern given by, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page39">39</a></span> and note.<br +/> +,, ,, Master of Grammar School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page99">99</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lola Montez, incident, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lord, Rev. Thomas, centenarian, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page82">82</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page89">89</a></span>–90.</p> +<p>L’Oste, Rev. S., Rector of Langton, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page93">93</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lovell, Sir Thomas, Knt., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Lysurs, Alice de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<h3>M</h3> +<p>Madely, Dr. Clement, tablet to, in St. Mary’s, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Malcolm, Lord, of Poltallock, Lord of Langriville Manor, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page209">209</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p> +<p>Malingars, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p> +<p>Mareham-le-Fen, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span>–198.<br /> +,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span>–194.</p> +<p>Mareham-on-the-Hill, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page183">183</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p> +<p>Marwood, hangman, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page154">154</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page155">155</a></span>.</p> +<p>Massingbird, Thomas, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Mechanics’ Institute, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page139">139</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page140">140</a></span>.</p> +<p>Milner, Canon, W. H., Vicar, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page61">61</a></span>.</p> +<p>Moorby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>–200.<br /> +,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.<br /> +,, communion plate, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page199">199</a></span>.<br /> +,, minstrel column, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page199">199</a></span>.</p> +<p>Mordaunt, John, owner in Coningsby, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Moyne, Thomas, rebel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Murder at Queen’s Head Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<p>Musters, “Jack,” kept hounds, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<h3>N</h3> +<p>Newcomen, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page198">198</a></span>.</p> +<p>New Jerusalem, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page86">86</a></span>–89.<br /> +,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page88">88</a></span>.<br /> +,, first resident minister, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page89">89</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ninian, St., in window of St. Mary’s, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Nonconformist places of worship, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page64">64</a></span>–90.</p> +<p>Norman Conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page11">11</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page13">13</a></span>.</p> +<h3>O</h3> +<p>Oddities of Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page160">160</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page161">161</a></span>.</p> +<p>Organ, fine, of parish church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page36">36</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ortiay, Henry del, tenure by spurs, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ouseley, Sir F. Gore, of Wesley family, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page64">64</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Oven, public, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Overseer, a woman appointed, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<h3>P</h3> +<p>Paganell, Ranulph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page177">177</a></span>.</p> +<p>Palfreyman, of Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page52">52</a></span>.</p> +<p>Palmer, Rev. E. R. H. G., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p> +<p>Pancake bell, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page34">34</a></span>.</p> +<p>Paynell, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p> +<p>Penance done in church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p> +<p>Pilgrimage of Grace, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Pingle, field name, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p> +<p>Plague, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>.</p> +<p><!-- page 217--><a name="page217"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +217</span>Plesington, Henry, Knt., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Primitive Methodists, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page71">71</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page77">77</a></span>.<br /> +,, chapel described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page72">72</a></span>.</p> +<p>Publichouses, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page161">161</a></span>–164.<br /> +,, now gone, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page163">163</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<h3>Q</h3> +<p>Quarrington, Canon E. F., late Vicar, window to, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page37">37</a></span>.</p> +<p>Queen’s Head Inn, murder at, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<h3>R</h3> +<p>Raengeires, British leader, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page9">9</a></span>.</p> +<p>Railway, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page130">130</a></span>–132.<br /> +,, opening ceremony of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page131">131</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page132">132</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ravennas, Geographer, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Rayne, Bishop’s Chancellor, slain, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rennie, Mr. John, Engineer, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rhodes, Gerard de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>.<br /> +,, Ralph de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page17">17</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page18">18</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page200">200</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rinder, Mr. Joseph, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page178">178</a></span>.</p> +<p>River names, celtic, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page1">1</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rivett, Mr. John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p> +<p>Robber taking refuge in church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p> +<p>Robinson, Miss, and Queen’s dresses, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page158">158</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rev. John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page78">78</a></span>–80.</p> +<p>Rolleston, Edward, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.<br /> +,, family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rolston, Edward, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Roman coffins, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page8">8</a></span>.<br /> +,, coins, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page4">4</a></span>.<br /> +,, commanders, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page3">3</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span>.<br /> +,, milestone, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span>.<br /> +,, pipes, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page8">8</a></span>.<br /> +,, pottery, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page7">7</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.<br /> +,, roads, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page5">5</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br /> +,, tomb at Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page174">174</a></span>.<br /> +,, urns, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br /> +,, walls, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span>.<br /> +,, wells, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page6">6</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rose, Rev. W., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page82">82</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page83">83</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ross, Sir John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p> +<p>Round House, the (prison), <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page135">135</a></span>.</p> +<p>Roughton, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br /> +,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.<br /> +,, plague at, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page188">188</a></span>.</p> +<p>Rushton, “Aty,” <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page160">160</a></span>.<br /> +,, Thomas, fisherman, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page160">160</a></span>.</p> +<h3>S</h3> +<p>Salt, a property, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page182">182</a></span>.</p> +<p>Sanctuary in church, right of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p> +<p>Sapcote, Sir Richard, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p> +<p>Savile, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page22">22</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page26">26</a></span>.</p> +<p>Saxon conquerors, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page9">9</a></span>.<br /> +,, minstrel pillar, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page199">199</a></span>.</p> +<p>Schofield, John, marries bishop’s daughter, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page157">157</a></span>.</p> +<p>Science and Art School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page112">112</a></span>.<br /> +,, great efficiency of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page114">114</a></span>.<br /> +,, lectures on special subjects, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page115">115</a></span>–118.<br /> +,, origin of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page112">112</a></span>.<br /> +,, teachers of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page114">114</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page115">115</a></span>.</p> +<p>Scrope family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p> +<p>Scott, Sir Gilbert, at Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p> +<p>Scythes in church, probable history of, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page41">41</a></span> and note.<br +/> +,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Scythe fair, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Sessions House, former, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page135">135</a></span>.</p> +<p>Sewer, common for drain, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Sharp, Rev. W. Heneage, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page154">154</a></span>.</p> +<p>Shepherd, Capt., “old salt,” <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>.</p> +<p>Ship-money, complaint of, temp. Charles I, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p> +<p>Skynner, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page169">169</a></span>.</p> +<p>Slated house, first in Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Smith, Captain, Surgeon, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page157">157</a></span>.<br /> +,, Dr. J. Bainbridge of Grammar School, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page93">93</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page95">95</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page99">99</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page101">101</a></span>.</p> +<p>Snowden, Bishop of Carlisle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page30">30</a></span>.<br /> +,, Rutland, “delinquent,” <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page54">54</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, benefactor to Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page54">54</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, among Lincolnshire gentry, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page55">55</a></span>.</p> +<p>Socmen, bordars, and villeins, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page183">183</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Somercotes, Sir William, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page187">187</a></span>.</p> +<p>Southey, Rev. T. C., Curate, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page62">62</a></span>.</p> +<p>Southwell, Miss Trafford, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Spinning School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page134">134</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Spranger, Dr. R., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.<br /> +,, Chancellor, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page186">186</a></span>.</p> +<p>Spurrier, Rev. H., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.<br /> +,, H. C. M., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page189">189</a></span>.</p> +<p>Spurs, tenure by, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page203">203</a></span>.</p> +<p>Stanhope family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page31">31</a></span>.<br /> +,, J. Banks, Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page192">192</a></span>.<br /> +,, Memorial, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page136">136</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page137">137</a></span>.</p> +<p>Swedenborg, Emanuel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page86">86</a></span>.</p> +<h3><!-- page 218--><a name="page218"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 218</span>T</h3> +<p>Tailboys, Sir Walter, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p> +<p>Taillebois, family of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tanning formerly chief trade of Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page53">53</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tennyson, A., and brother married in Horncastle, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thatched publichouse, by will, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Theft from St. Mary’s Church, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page42">42</a></span> and note, +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page47">47</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page48">48</a></span>.</p> +<p>Theleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thief to catch thieves, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page161">161</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thimbleby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page165">165</a></span>–176.<br /> +,, church described, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page175">175</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page176">176</a></span>.<br /> +,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page171">171</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thornton-le-Fen, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.<br /> +,, School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thornton family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page210">210</a></span>.</p> +<p>Three Maids’ Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Thymelby family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page24">24</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page25">25</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tibetot, Robert, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page12">12</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page19">19</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page20">20</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tom Cat Inn, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page164">164</a></span>.</p> +<p>Toynton, High, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page180">180</a></span>–184.<br /> +,, ,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page182">182</a></span>.<br /> +,, Low, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>–188.<br /> +,, ,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>–186.<br /> +,, ,, ,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page185">185</a></span>.</p> +<p>Trafford, W. H., Esq., <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page191">191</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Train-bands, arms of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page14">14</a></span>.</p> +<p>Trinity Church Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page57">57</a></span>–60.<br /> +,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page59">59</a></span>.</p> +<p>Trunyan’s, light of, our Lady’s light, &c., +<span class="indexpageno"><a href="#page44">44</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page45">45</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tumby Chase, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Turner and Cato Street Conspiracy, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page155">155</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page156">156</a></span>.<br /> +,, Sir Edmund, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page184">184</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tymelby, Ivo de, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Tyrwhitt, Douglas, a lady, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page52">52</a></span>.<br /> +,, old county family, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page29">29</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p> +<h3>U</h3> +<p>Umfraville, Earl of Angus, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page168">168</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page181">181</a></span>.</p> +<p>Union, the, or workhouse, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page133">133</a></span>–135.</p> +<p>Union, early laws concerning paupers, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page133">133</a></span>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p> +<h3>V</h3> +<p>Volunteers, history of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page145">145</a></span>–148.<br /> +,, Drill Hall, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page148">148</a></span>–150.<br /> +,, practiced on Edlington Road, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page162">162</a></span>.</p> +<h3>W</h3> +<p>Walter, Rev. H., B.D., <i>History of England</i>, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page64">64</a></span>.</p> +<p>Waring, river name, meaning “rough,” <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page2">2</a></span>.</p> +<p>Watson’s Free School, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page108">108</a></span>–111.<br /> +,, property of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page110">110</a></span>.<br /> +,, Governors, original, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page110">110</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Well-syke, field and wood name, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page190">190</a></span> and note.</p> +<p>Wesley, John, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span>–67.<br /> +,, Charles, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span>.</p> +<p>Wesleyan, sect of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page64">64</a></span>–71.<br /> +,, Chapel, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page70">70</a></span>.<br /> +,, ,, engraving of, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page65">65</a></span>.<br /> +,, circuits, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page66">66</a></span>.<br /> +,, centenary, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page71">71</a></span>.</p> +<p>Whelpton Almshouses, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page142">142</a></span>–144.</p> +<p>Whichcote, Clinton, of Coningsby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.</p> +<p>Wildmore Fen added to Horncastle, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page209">209</a></span>.</p> +<p>Wilksby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page207">207</a></span>.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page208">208</a></span>.</p> +<p>Williams, Thomas, missionary, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page69">69</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page70">70</a></span>.</p> +<p>Willoughby, William de, and family, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page167">167</a></span>.<br /> +,, de Eresby, Lord, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page204">204</a></span>.</p> +<p>Winchester, Bishop of, held land in Coningsby, <span +class="indexpageno"><a href="#page206">206</a></span>.</p> +<p>Wood Enderby, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>–203.<br /> +,, Church, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page201">201</a></span>, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page202">202</a></span>.</p> +<p>Workhouse, before Union, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page134">134</a></span>.<br /> +,, village, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page134">134</a></span>.</p> +<h3>Y</h3> +<p>Young Churchmen’s Union, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page63">63</a></span>.</p> +<h3>Z</h3> +<p>Zouch, Eudo la, bequest to, <span class="indexpageno"><a +href="#page197">197</a></span>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">* * * * *</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> </p> +<p style="text-align: center">Printed by W. K. Morton & Sons, +Ltd., 27, High Street, Horncastle.</p> +<h2>Footnotes:</h2> +<p><a name="footnote0"></a><a href="#citation0" +class="footnote">[0]</a> His father, for about 12 months, +occupied the house in North Street, of late years known as the +“Red House,” distinguished, it is said, as being the +only house in the town having a front door of mahogany.</p> +<p><a name="footnote1a"></a><a href="#citation1a" +class="footnote">[1a]</a> Mr. Jeans, in his <i>Handbook for +Lincolnshire</i>, p. 142, says “the Roman station (here) +probably utilized an existing British settlement.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote1b"></a><a href="#citation1b" +class="footnote">[1b]</a> <i>Words and Places</i>, p. 13, +note. Ed. 1873.</p> +<p><a name="footnote1c"></a><a href="#citation1c" +class="footnote">[1c]</a> There are probably traces of +British hill-forts in the neighbourhood, as on Hoe hill, near +Holbeck, distant 4 miles, also probably at Somersby, Ormsby, and +several other places.</p> +<p><a name="footnote1d"></a><a href="#citation1d" +class="footnote">[1d]</a> In the name of the near village +of Edlington we have probably a trace of the mystic Druid, +<i>i.e.</i> British, deity Eideleg, while in Horsington we may +have the Druid sacred animal. Olivers’ <i>Religious +Houses</i>, Appendix, p. 167.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2a"></a><a href="#citation2a" +class="footnote">[2a]</a> <i>Words and Places</i>, p. +130.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2b"></a><a href="#citation2b" +class="footnote">[2b]</a> The meadow which now lies in the +angle formed by the junction of the Bain and Waring at Horncastle +is still called “The Holms,” which is Danish for +“islands.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote2c"></a><a href="#citation2c" +class="footnote">[2c]</a> The name Bain, slightly varied, +is not uncommon. There is the Bannon, or Ban-avon +(“avon” also meaning “river”), in +Pembrokeshire; the Ban in Co. Wexford, Bana in Co. Down, Banney +(<i>i.e.</i> Ban-ea, “ea” also meaning water) in +Yorkshire, Bain in Herefordshire; Banavie (avon) is a place on +the brightly running river Lochy in Argyleshire; and, as meaning +“white,” a fair-haired boy or girl is called in +Gaelic “Bhana.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote2d"></a><a href="#citation2d" +class="footnote">[2d]</a> The name Waring (G commonly +representing the modern W) is found in the Yarrow, and Garry in +Scotland, the Geirw, a rough mountain stream, at Pont-y-glyn, in +North Wales, and in the Garonne in France.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2e"></a><a href="#citation2e" +class="footnote">[2e]</a> <i>Ars Poetica</i>, l 59.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2f"></a><a href="#citation2f" +class="footnote">[2f]</a> An account of this urn is given +by the late Bishop Trollope, with an engraving of it, in the +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, vol. iv, p. +200.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2g"></a><a href="#citation2g" +class="footnote">[2g]</a> <i>De Bella Gallico</i>, bk. v, +ch. 12–14.</p> +<p><a name="footnote2h"></a><a href="#citation2h" +class="footnote">[2h]</a> Some idea of the extent of these +forests, even in later times, may be formed from the account +given by De la Prime (<i>Philosophical Transactions</i>, No. 75, +p. 980) who says “round about the skirts of the wolds are +found infinite millions of the roots and bodies of trees of great +size.” Pliney tells us that the Britons had +“powerful mastiffs” for hunting the wild boar, and +Manwood in an old <i>Treatise on Forest Laws</i> (circa 1680) +states (p. 60) that the finest mastiffs were bred in +Lincolnshire. Fuller, in his <i>Worthies of England</i> (p. +150) mentions that a Dutchman (circa 1660) coming to England for +sport, spent a whole season in pursuit of wild game “in +Lincolniensi montium tractu,” by which doubtless were +intended the wolds. A writer in the <i>Archæological +Journal</i> (June, 1846) says “the whole country of the +Coritani (<i>i.e.</i> Lincolnshire, Leicestershire, &c.) was +then, and long after, a dense forest.” The name +“Coritani,” or more properly Coitani, is the Roman +adaptation of the British “Coed,” a wood, which still +survives in Wales in such place-names as “Coed Coch,” +the red wood, “Bettws y Coed,” the chapel in the +wood, &c. This was their distinguishing characteristic +to the Roman, they were wood-men.</p> +<p><a name="footnote3"></a><a href="#citation3" +class="footnote">[3]</a> To the skill and bravery in war of +the Britons Cæsar bears testimony. He says, +“They drive their chariots in all directions, throwing +their spears, and by the fear of their horses and the noise of +their wheels they disturb the ranks of their enemies; when they +have forced their way among the troops they leap down and fight +on foot. By constant practice they acquire such skill that +they can stop, turn, and guide their horses when at full speed +and in the most difficult ground. They can run along the +chariot pole, sit on the collar and return with rapidity into the +chariot, by which novel mode (he says) his men were much +disturbed.” (“Novitate pugnæ +perturbati.”) <i>De Bella Gallico</i>, lib. iv, c, +33, 34.</p> +<p><a name="footnote5a"></a><a href="#citation5a" +class="footnote">[5a]</a> An account of this milestone is +given by the late Precentor Venables, in his <i>Walks through the +Streets of Lincoln</i>, two Lectures, published by J. W. Ruddock, +253, High Street, Lincoln.</p> +<p><a name="footnote5b"></a><a href="#citation5b" +class="footnote">[5b]</a> Stukeley, <i>Itinerarium +curiosum</i>, p. 28; Weir’s <i>History of Horncastle</i>, +p. 4, ed. 1820; Saunders’ <i>History</i>, vol. ii, p. 90, +ed. 1834; Bishop Trollope, <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, vol. iv, p. 199, &c.</p> +<p><a name="footnote5c"></a><a href="#citation5c" +class="footnote">[5c]</a> Ravennas, whose personal name is +not known (that term merely meaning a native of Ravenna), was an +anonymous geographer, who wrote a <i>Chorography of Britian</i>, +as well as of several other countries, about A.D. 650. +These were confessedly compilations from older authorities, and +were, two centuries later, revised by Guido of Ravenna, and +doubtless by others at a later period still, since the work, in +its existent form describes the Saxons and Danes, as well, in +Britain. As Gallio, also of Ravenna, was the last Roman +general in command in these parts, it has been suggested that he +was virtually the original author (Horsley’s +<i>Britannia</i>, 1732, chap. iv., p. 489; also <i>The Dawn of +Modern Geography</i>, by C. Raymond Beazley, M.A., F.R.G.S., +1897, J. Murray). Messrs. Pinder and Parthey published an +edition of <i>Ravennas</i>, <i>or the Ravennese Geographer</i>, +as did also Dr. Gale.</p> +<p><a name="footnote5e"></a><a href="#citation5e" +class="footnote">[5e]</a> <i>Life of Agricola</i> c. +xxxi.</p> +<p><a name="footnote6a"></a><a href="#citation6a" +class="footnote">[6a]</a> This is a thoroughly provincial +word for highway or turnpike. It is of course a corruption +of “Rampart,” a fortified passage. In the marsh +districts the main roads are called “rampires.” +See Brogden’s <i>Provincial Words</i>.</p> +<p><a name="footnote6b"></a><a href="#citation6b" +class="footnote">[6b]</a> The name Baumber, again, also +written Bam-burgh, means a “burgh,” or fortress on +the Bain, which runs through that parish.</p> +<p><a name="footnote7a"></a><a href="#citation7a" +class="footnote">[7a]</a> These urns are fully described +with an engraving of them in vol. iv, pt. ii, of the +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, by the late Bishop +Dr. E. Trollope.</p> +<p><a name="footnote7b"></a><a href="#citation7b" +class="footnote">[7b]</a> <i>Architect. S. Journal</i>, iv, +ii, p. 201.</p> +<p><a name="footnote8"></a><a href="#citation8" +class="footnote">[8]</a> Gough, <i>Sepulchral +Monuments</i>, Introduction, p. 59, says “coffins of lead +and wood are believed to have been used by the Romans in +Britain.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote9"></a><a href="#citation9" +class="footnote">[9]</a> The first Danish incursions into +England were in A.D. 786 and 787, specially in Lincolnshire in +838. In 869 was fought the decisive battle of Threckingham +in this county, which made the Danes paramount. The name +Threckingham is said to be derived from the fact that 3 kings +were slain in this battle, but we believe this to be an error, +and that the place was the residence, the “ham” of +the Threcginghas.</p> +<p><a name="footnote10"></a><a href="#citation10" +class="footnote">[10]</a> The prefix “Horn” is +also found in Holbeach Hurn, an angular headland on the south +coast of Lincolnshire. In the monkish Latin of old title +deeds, we also find the patronymic Hurne, Hearne, &c., +represented by its equivalent “de angulo,” +<i>i.e.</i> “of the corner.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote11a"></a><a href="#citation11a" +class="footnote">[11a]</a> Dr. Mansell Creighton, late +Bishop of London. <i>Essays</i>, edited by Louisa +Creighton, 1904, pp. 278–9.</p> +<p><a name="footnote11b"></a><a href="#citation11b" +class="footnote">[11b]</a> The palace of the Bishop was on +the site of the present Manor House.</p> +<p><a name="footnote11c"></a><a href="#citation11c" +class="footnote">[11c]</a> Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336. +<i>Monast. Angl.</i>, vol. ii, p. 646.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12a"></a><a href="#citation12a" +class="footnote">[12a]</a> Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No. 14, +m. 1.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12b"></a><a href="#citation12b" +class="footnote">[12b]</a> Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, +m. 1, 3 Edward I., 1274–5.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12c"></a><a href="#citation12c" +class="footnote">[12c]</a> This sale was confirmed by the +King, as shewn by a Charter Roll, 14 Henry III., pt. i, m. 12 3 +Ed. I., 1274–5.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12d"></a><a href="#citation12d" +class="footnote">[12d]</a> Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. +i, m. 3. A.D. 1390.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12e"></a><a href="#citation12e" +class="footnote">[12e]</a> Patent Roll, 6 Edward VI., pt. +iii, m. 1.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12f"></a><a href="#citation12f" +class="footnote">[12f]</a> Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m 2, +(44) 28 Nov., 1553.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12g"></a><a href="#citation12g" +class="footnote">[12g]</a> Memoirs of Sir Henry Fynes +Clinton. <i>Annual Register</i>, 1772, p. 2.</p> +<p><a name="footnote12h"></a><a href="#citation12h" +class="footnote">[12h]</a> Coram Rege Roll, Portsmouth, +April 20, 14 Chas. II.</p> +<p><a name="footnote13a"></a><a href="#citation13a" +class="footnote">[13a]</a> Exchequer Bills and Answers, 11 +Charles V., Lincoln, No. 185.</p> +<p><a name="footnote13b"></a><a href="#citation13b" +class="footnote">[13b]</a> The carucate varied in different +parts of the country, in Lincolnshire it was 120 acres. +Gelt was a land tax, first imposed by the Danes in the reign of +Ethelred, about A.D. 991, being 2s. on the carucate. +Villeins and bordars were under-tenants of two different classes, +bordars being superior to villeins. (Introd. <i>Domesday +Book</i>, by C. Gowen Smith, 1870).</p> +<p><a name="footnote13c"></a><a href="#citation13c" +class="footnote">[13c]</a> Barristers are said to have been +first appointed by Edward I., A.D. 1291.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16a"></a><a href="#citation16a" +class="footnote">[16a]</a> Among the Lincoln Cathedral +Charters is an imperfect one, which mentions her “Castle of +Tornegat (can this be a corruption for Horncastle?), her land at +Wicham in Chent (Kent?), at Carlton and Torleby (Thurlby) in +Lincolnshire,” <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1901, p. 22. There is a notice of her in the +<i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, vol. I.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16b"></a><a href="#citation16b" +class="footnote">[16b]</a> This Geoffrey Gairmar is himself +rather an interesting figure in local history. He is +mentioned in the Rolls Series, 91, i, ii (Ed. Hardy and Martin, +1888–9), as the author of <i>L’estorie des +Engles</i>, a rhyming chronicle, based chiefly on the +<i>Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</i>, and Geoffrey of Monmouth (between +A.D. 1135 and 1147). He undertook his work at the request +of Custance, wife of Ralph Fitz Gilbert; the latter held the +manor of Scampton near Lincoln, and Geoffrey was probably a +Norman who lived in that parish. He quotes <i>The Book of +Washingborough</i> and <i>The Lay of Haveloc the Dane</i>, +relating to Grimsby. He does not directly mention +Horncastle, but shews acquaintance with the neighbourhood by +celebrating the burial of King Ethelred at Bardney.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16c"></a><a href="#citation16c" +class="footnote">[16c]</a> Camden’s <i>Britannia</i>, +pp. 45, 288, 529.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16d"></a><a href="#citation16d" +class="footnote">[16d]</a> <i>History of Lincoln</i>, 1816, +p. 138.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16e"></a><a href="#citation16e" +class="footnote">[16e]</a> Camden, p. 88. A Lincoln +Chancery Inquisition (Oct. 31, 1503) shows that on the death of +Anne, daughter and heir of Edmund Cheney, owning the manors of +Tothill, Gayton, Riston, and Theddlethorpe, Robert Willoughby, +Lord Broke, was declared to be her kinsman and heir.</p> +<p><a name="footnote16f"></a><a href="#citation16f" +class="footnote">[16f]</a> Dugdale, vol. ii, p. 336. +D. Mon, ii, p. 646. (<i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1895, p. 23).</p> +<p><a name="footnote17a"></a><a href="#citation17a" +class="footnote">[17a]</a> Dugdale <i>Baronage</i>, p. +39.</p> +<p><a name="footnote17b"></a><a href="#citation17b" +class="footnote">[17b]</a> Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, No 14, +m. 1, 3 Ed. I., A.D., 1274–5. A Pipe Roll also, 1 +Richard I., A.D. 1189–90, mentions “Gerbod de Escalt +as paying a tale of £80 in Horncastre.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote17c"></a><a href="#citation17c" +class="footnote">[17c]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 37 Henry +III., No. 36 (3 Nov. 1252), and ditto, No. 38, same date. +Gerard de Rhodes is also named in a Chancellor’s Roll, 3 +John, A.D. 1201–1, as paying certain fees for +Horncastle. He is also named in the document above quoted +(Hundred Rolls, Lincoln, 14, m. 1) as succeeding to the manor on +the demise of Gerbald de Escald.</p> +<p><a name="footnote17d"></a><a href="#citation17d" +class="footnote">[17d]</a> Feet of Fines, 9 Henry III., No. +52, Lincoln.</p> +<p><a name="footnote18a"></a><a href="#citation18a" +class="footnote">[18a]</a> Quo Warranto Roll, 9 Ed. I., 15 +June, 1281, quoted <i>Lincolnshire Notes & Queries</i>, vol. +v, p. 216.</p> +<p><a name="footnote18b"></a><a href="#citation18b" +class="footnote">[18b]</a> Coram Rege Roll, 13 Ed. I., m. +10, 12 May, 1285. <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, pp. +219–20.</p> +<p><a name="footnote18c"></a><a href="#citation18c" +class="footnote">[18c]</a> The transfer of the manor to the +bishop is further proved by a Carlisle document, a chancery +inquisition post mortem, dated Dec. 11, 1395, which states that a +certain John Amery, owner of a messuage in the parish “by +fealty and the service of 16d. of rent, by the year, holds of the +Bishop of Carlisle, and the said Bishop holds of the +King.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote18d"></a><a href="#citation18d" +class="footnote">[18d]</a> The bishops of those days were +sportsmen. It is recorded of a Bishop of Ely that he rode +to the Cathedral “with hawk on wrist,” and left it in +the cloister while doing “God’s service.” +There it was stolen and he solemnly excommunicated the +thief. Aukenleck MS., temp. Ed. II., British Museum. +The extensive woods in the soke of Horncastle abounded in game, +as we have already shown by the tolls charged on roebuck, hares, +&c., brought into the town. The punishment for killing +a wild boar, without the king’s licence, was the loss of +both eyes. These feræ naturæ became extinct +about A.D. 1620.</p> +<p><a name="footnote18e"></a><a href="#citation18e" +class="footnote">[18e]</a> These and other privileges +granted to the Bishop are first specified in a Cartulary Roll, +14–15 Henry III.; they are renewed in a Memoranda Roll of 4 +Ed. III.; again in the 25th year of Henry VI., and further in a +Roll attested by Charles II., in his court at Westminster, Feb. +26, 1676. The August Fair was, in late years, altered by +the Urban Council to begin on the 2nd Monday in the month, and to +end on the following Thursday, it really however begins on the +previous Thursday.</p> +<p><a name="footnote19a"></a><a href="#citation19a" +class="footnote">[19a]</a> Roll 104, Hilary Term, 24 Ed. +III. (1350). County Placita, Lincoln, No. 46.</p> +<p><a name="footnote19b"></a><a href="#citation19b" +class="footnote">[19b]</a> De Banco Roll, Michaelmas, 41 +Ed. III., m. 621, Aug. 3, 1368, Lincoln.</p> +<p><a name="footnote19c"></a><a href="#citation19c" +class="footnote">[19c]</a> Coram Rege Roll, Trinity, 13 Ed. +I., m. 10, Westminster, 12 May, 1285. Given in +<i>Lincolnshire Notes & Queries</i>, vol. v., p. 220.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20a"></a><a href="#citation20a" +class="footnote">[20a]</a> Patent Roll, 14 Richard II., pt. +2, m. 47, 8 Dec., 1390. <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, +vol. v., p. 221.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20b"></a><a href="#citation20b" +class="footnote">[20b]</a> Fuller’s <i>Church History +of Britain</i>, vol. i, pp. 240, 242.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20c"></a><a href="#citation20c" +class="footnote">[20c]</a> Camden’s <i>Britannia</i>, +p. 484.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20d"></a><a href="#citation20d" +class="footnote">[20d]</a> Camden’s <i>Britannia</i>, +p. 522.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20e"></a><a href="#citation20e" +class="footnote">[20e]</a> <i>Ibid</i>, p. 978. The +name of Tibetot may possibly still survive in the family of +Tibbot, who till quite recently held the manor of Thimbleby in +the soke of Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20f"></a><a href="#citation20f" +class="footnote">[20f]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 489.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20g"></a><a href="#citation20g" +class="footnote">[20g]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 88.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20h"></a><a href="#citation20h" +class="footnote">[20h]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 760. +This castle was built by Richard, Baron le Scrope, Chancellor of +England under Richard II.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20i"></a><a href="#citation20i" +class="footnote">[20i]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 99.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20j"></a><a href="#citation20j" +class="footnote">[20j]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 722.</p> +<p><a name="footnote20k"></a><a href="#citation20k" +class="footnote">[20k]</a> Patent Roll 6 Ed. VI., pt. 3, m. +1, 21 Nov., 1552, witnessed by the king at Westminster.</p> +<p><a name="footnote21a"></a><a href="#citation21a" +class="footnote">[21a]</a> Patent Roll, 1 Mary, pt. 8, m. 2 +(44), 28 Nov., 1553.</p> +<p><a name="footnote21b"></a><a href="#citation21b" +class="footnote">[21b]</a> Historical MS. Commission. +Calendar of MS. of the most Honble. the Marquis of Salisbury, +K.G., &c., p. 179.</p> +<p><a name="footnote21c"></a><a href="#citation21c" +class="footnote">[21c]</a> This Earl of Lincoln would seem +to have been of a particularly hot temperament. I have +mentioned in another volume (<i>Records of Woodhall Spa</i>, pp. +14.0, &c.) several of his actions of gross violence against +the Saviles of Poolham Hall, in this neighbourhood, about the +same date (1578). I will merely state here that he, with a +party of followers, attacked Sir Robert Savile, when on a hunting +excursion, seized several of his hounds and hanged them, as Sir +Robert says, “upon my own tree within my own +ground.” He forced his way into the parlour at +Poolham and challenged Sir Robert to fight “six to +six” of their dependents. After an entertainment at +Horncastle his followers, at his instigation, got hold of an +unfortunate tailor, “drew their swords and sore wounded +him,” saying he should “have that and more, for his +master’s sake,” Sir Robert Savile’s son. +One Robert Fullshaw, of Waddingworth, prayed the justices for +protection against his “horrible outrages,” and it +was said that his conduct “savoured of +insanity.” (<i>Illustrations of English History</i> +by Lodge. Lansdown MS., Brit. Mus., 27, art. 41.)</p> +<p><a name="footnote21d"></a><a href="#citation21d" +class="footnote">[21d]</a> Patent Roll, 6 Ed. VI., pt. i, +m. 11. Date 8 Dec., 1554.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22a"></a><a href="#citation22a" +class="footnote">[22a]</a> Esch. Inquis. post mortem, +3–4 Henry VIII., No. 14.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22b"></a><a href="#citation22b" +class="footnote">[22b]</a> It does not appear where this +“Parish-fee” was situated, doubtless it was +subordinate to the main manor of Horncastle, such +“fees” were generally named after the owners once +“enfeoffed” of them, as we have at Spalding +Ayscough-fee Hall, once owned by the Ayscoughs, Beaumont-fee at +Lincoln, owned by the Beaumonts, Panell-fee by the Paganels, +Nevill-fee by the Nevills in Middle Rasen, &c. +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1895, p. 19. +There is a family named Parish at Horncastle but they are a +modern importation.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22c"></a><a href="#citation22c" +class="footnote">[22c]</a> Inquis. post mortem, 6 Edward +III., held at Haltham, Sep. 21, 1333.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22d"></a><a href="#citation22d" +class="footnote">[22d]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 32 Henry +III., 21 July, A.D. 1248. <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iv. p. 120. This is repeated in a Final +Concord of the same date between Silvester, Bishop of Carlisle, +and other parties. <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. +vii., p. 114.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22e"></a><a href="#citation22e" +class="footnote">[22e]</a> Cottonian Charter, v., 61, +quoted <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 245.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22f"></a><a href="#citation22f" +class="footnote">[22f]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1896, pp. 254–257.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22g"></a><a href="#citation22g" +class="footnote">[22g]</a> Court of Wards Inquis. post +mortem, 3, 4 and 5 Ed. VI., vol. v., p. 91. +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1896, p. 258.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22h"></a><a href="#citation22h" +class="footnote">[22h]</a> Chancery Inquis. post mortem, 20 +Henry VI., No. 25. <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1899, p. 257.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22i"></a><a href="#citation22i" +class="footnote">[22i]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>.</p> +<p><a name="footnote22j"></a><a href="#citation22j" +class="footnote">[22j]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>, p. 258.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24a"></a><a href="#citation24a" +class="footnote">[24a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queues</i>, vols. i., p. 183, and ii., p. 219.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24b"></a><a href="#citation24b" +class="footnote">[24b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. i, p. 47.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24c"></a><a href="#citation24c" +class="footnote">[24c]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 27 +Edward III., No. 158.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24d"></a><a href="#citation24d" +class="footnote">[24d]</a> Originalia Roll, 34 Edward III., +m. 35, A.D. 1360–1.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24e"></a><a href="#citation24e" +class="footnote">[24e]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 41 +Edward III., No. 94.</p> +<p><a name="footnote24f"></a><a href="#citation24f" +class="footnote">[24f]</a> Inquis. post mortem, 10 James +I., pt. i., No. 11.</p> +<p><a name="footnote25a"></a><a href="#citation25a" +class="footnote">[25a]</a> Chancery B. and A., James I., +R., r, 10, 1, 8 October, 1623.</p> +<p><a name="footnote25b"></a><a href="#citation25b" +class="footnote">[25b]</a> These details are all taken from +Camden’s <i>Britannia</i>, Gibson’s Edition, +1695.</p> +<p><a name="footnote26a"></a><a href="#citation26a" +class="footnote">[26a]</a> Chancellor’s Roll, A.D. +1201–2.</p> +<p><a name="footnote26b"></a><a href="#citation26b" +class="footnote">[26b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii., pp. 244–5.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27a"></a><a href="#citation27a" +class="footnote">[27a]</a> <i>Ibidem</i>.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27b"></a><a href="#citation27b" +class="footnote">[27b]</a> Camden’s <i>Britannia</i>, +p. 712.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27c"></a><a href="#citation27c" +class="footnote">[27c]</a> Pipe Roll, 1160–1.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27d"></a><a href="#citation27d" +class="footnote">[27d]</a> Pipe Roll, 1161–2.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27e"></a><a href="#citation27e" +class="footnote">[27e]</a> Testa de Nevill, folio +348. He also held the advowson of Mareham, which was +transferred to the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of Horncastle, in +1239 (Final Concords, p. 304) by his successor, William de +Bavent.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27f"></a><a href="#citation27f" +class="footnote">[27f]</a> Cathedral Charters (Calcewaith), +folio 106 (a), quoted <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, No. xxvii, p. 14.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27g"></a><a href="#citation27g" +class="footnote">[27g]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, 18 Ed. I., No. 34.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27h"></a><a href="#citation27h" +class="footnote">[27h]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, 12 Ed. II., No. 22.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27i"></a><a href="#citation27i" +class="footnote">[27i]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, 44 Ed. III., No. 32. These trustees were John Amery +of Horncastle; Simon, Parson of Wilksby; John of Claxby +Pluckacre; and others.</p> +<p><a name="footnote27j"></a><a href="#citation27j" +class="footnote">[27j]</a> De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., +Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28a"></a><a href="#citation28a" +class="footnote">[28a]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1894, p. 190. <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii., p. 204, vol. vii., p. 3.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28b"></a><a href="#citation28b" +class="footnote">[28b]</a> Maddison’s <i>Wills</i>, +1st series, p. 360, No. 96.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28c"></a><a href="#citation28c" +class="footnote">[28c]</a> Lansdown MS., British Museum, +54, 62, &c., quoted in <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i., p. +118. In All Saint’s Church at Theddlethorpe is a fine +brass of an Angevin and his wife of the 16th century.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28d"></a><a href="#citation28d" +class="footnote">[28d]</a> De Banco Roll, 5 Henry VII., +Hilary, M., A.D. 1490.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28e"></a><a href="#citation28e" +class="footnote">[28e]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, taken at Alford, April 28, 14 Henry VIII., A.D. 1522.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28f"></a><a href="#citation28f" +class="footnote">[28f]</a> Bridge’s <i>History of +Northamptonshire</i>, quoted <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1879, p. 45, note.</p> +<p><a name="footnote28g"></a><a href="#citation28g" +class="footnote">[28g]</a> Patent I Ed. IV., pt. 2, m. 59, +quoted <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i., p. 124.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29a"></a><a href="#citation29a" +class="footnote">[29a]</a> Chancery Inquisition, 18 Henry +VII., No. 34., taken at East Rasen, 26 Oct., 1502.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29b"></a><a href="#citation29b" +class="footnote">[29b]</a> Commission of Peace, 13 July, +1510, quoted <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, Jan. 1896, p. +15.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29c"></a><a href="#citation29c" +class="footnote">[29c]</a> Inquisition post mortem, 6 Henry +VIII., 20 Jan., A.D. 1515. <i>Old Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i, +p. 221.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29d"></a><a href="#citation29d" +class="footnote">[29d]</a> Circa A.D. 1536. +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1895, p. 14.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29e"></a><a href="#citation29e" +class="footnote">[29e]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1894, p. 192.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29f"></a><a href="#citation29f" +class="footnote">[29f]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1894, p. 215.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29g"></a><a href="#citation29g" +class="footnote">[29g]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1894, p. 221.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29h"></a><a href="#citation29h" +class="footnote">[29h]</a> <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1879. <i>Pedigree of Fitz-Williams</i>, p. 44, +&c. A Douglas Tyrwhitt of this family, daughter of +George Tyrwhitt, Esq., in 1703 left a dole of 10/-, charged on +land at Belchford, to the poor of Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote29i"></a><a href="#citation29i" +class="footnote">[29i]</a> Patent Roll, 19 Elizabeth, pt. +iv, m. 13, 2 May, 1577.</p> +<p><a name="footnote30a"></a><a href="#citation30a" +class="footnote">[30a]</a> Privately printed, from Burghley +Papers, by Right Hon. Edward Stanhope of Revesby Abbey, 1892.</p> +<p><a name="footnote30b"></a><a href="#citation30b" +class="footnote">[30b]</a> Works of Thomas Becon, Parker +Society, p. 480, note.</p> +<p><a name="footnote30c"></a><a href="#citation30c" +class="footnote">[30c]</a> Bishop Aldrich died at +Horncastle in March, 1555, he was a distinguished graduate of +King’s College, Cambridge, Provost of Eton, a correspondent +of the great Dutch scholar Erasmus; afterwards made Archdeacon of +Colchester, Canon of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the +Garter, and consecrated to the See of Carlisle 18 July, 1537.</p> +<p><a name="footnote31a"></a><a href="#citation31a" +class="footnote">[31a]</a> Exchequer Bills and Answers, +Chas. I., Lincoln, No. 36. Among the charges brought +against Rutland Snowden (as already stated elsewhere) one was, +that, besides having aided the forces of the Parliament, he had +more than one wife. The Snowden Arms are given in +“Yorks. Union of Honour,” <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iv., p. 16.</p> +<p><a name="footnote31b"></a><a href="#citation31b" +class="footnote">[31b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. i., p. 106.</p> +<p><a name="footnote31c"></a><a href="#citation31c" +class="footnote">[31c]</a> The valuable collections of Sir +Joseph Banks are still carefully preserved at Revesby Abbey, and +form in themselves almost a museum.</p> +<p><a name="footnote32a"></a><a href="#citation32a" +class="footnote">[32a]</a> Leland’s +<i>Collectanea</i>, 66, p. 300.</p> +<p><a name="footnote32b"></a><a href="#citation32b" +class="footnote">[32b]</a> The stables of John of +Gaunt’s House still exist adjoining the High Street.</p> +<p><a name="footnote33a"></a><a href="#citation33a" +class="footnote">[33a]</a> Quoted Weir’s <i>History +of Horncastle</i>, note p. 29, ed. 1820.</p> +<p><a name="footnote33b"></a><a href="#citation33b" +class="footnote">[33b]</a> On Saturday, next the Feast of +the Conversion of St. Paul, 21 Jan., 1384–5, held by John +de Feriby, Escheator of the King, in the County of Lincoln.</p> +<p><a name="footnote34"></a><a href="#citation34" +class="footnote">[34]</a> Most of these fragments were +removed by Mr. Stanhope to Revesby Abbey. Two of them are +preserved in the garden of Langton Rectory, near Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote36"></a><a href="#citation36" +class="footnote">[36]</a> The origin of this Chantry is +shewn by the following documents:—In the archives of +Carlisle Cathedral is a copy, in Latin, of a Privy Seal State +Paper, Domestic, vol. i, 5039, of date 5 May, 6 Henry VIII. (A.D. +1514), slightly imperfect, but running thus: “The King to +all . . . greeting. Know that we, of our special grace . . +. by these presents do grant . . . for us, our heirs and +successors . . . to the devout woman, the Lady Margaret +Copuldyke, widow, and Richard Clarke, tanner, of Horncastle, that +they found a fraternity, or guild, to the honour of St. +Katharine, and for the extending of divine teaching, in the +Parish Church of the blessed Virgin of Horncastell, and mortain +licence to acquire land of the annual value of 25 marks” +(£16 15s. 4d.). Another document, a Chantry +Certificate, Lincoln, No. 33 (55), Ed. VI. (1552), states that +“the Guild of St. Katharine, in Horncastell, was founded by +<i>Joan</i> Copuldyke, widow, and others, with the intention that +one Chaplain for ever, should celebrate divine services in the +church, for the souls of the founder, and others; the profits of +the land and possessions are received by the Alderman of the +Guild.” They are described as “worth yearly +£13 8s. 8d., with fees, wages, rents and other reprises, +£7 15s. 3d. The clear value, reprises deducted, +yearly, £5 13s. 10d.,” with “goods, chattels +and ornaments worth £1 10s.” It is to be +observed that Gervase Holles says, that at the time of his visit, +she was named “Margaret,” in a window then existing +in the church. A Patent Roll, 3 Ed. VI., pt. 5, m. 4, gives +various lands and tenements, with which this chantry was endowed, +in Horncastle, Spilsby, Thornton and Roughton, occupied by about +100 tenants; and states that all these were granted “by the +King to Robert Carr, gent., of Sleaford, and John Almond, their +heirs and assigns.” Witness, the King, at +Westminster, 15 July, 1549. This is further confirmed by an +Inquisition post mortem, 5 Eliz., pt. 1, No. 67. [This was +‘in return for a payment by them of £1,238 11s. +10d.’] Among the signatories to a declaration of the +Royal supremacy (Lincoln Chapter Housebook, B. 3, 14, p. 39) are +the names of Robt. James, Vicar of Horncastle Michel Whithed, +Curate of Horncastle Hugh Doddington, “Cantuarista” +of Horncastle (probably Chaplain of this Chantry). It was +also served by Robert Geffrey in 1552. Chantry +Certificates, Lincoln 33 (55).</p> +<p><a name="footnote37a"></a><a href="#citation37a" +class="footnote">[37a]</a> Harleian MS. No. 6829, p. +241. In a window in the north aisle was the inscription +“Orate pro ái’â Thomæ Coppuldike +armig., et D’næ Margaretæ, Consortis suæ, +fundatoria gildæ cantar . . . fenestram fieri fecit. +Ano D’ni 1526.” In the eastern window of the +south aisle was the inscription “Orate pro benefactoribus +artis sutorum, qui istim fenestram fieri fecerunt. +sc’æ Nemanæ cum sera et catena. Item +S’ci Crispinus et Crispinianus cum instrumentis +calceariis.” Here it is distinctly stated that a +Guild of Shoemakers gave the window, and that Crispinus and +Crispinianus the patron saints of shoemakers, were there +represented. A note in the same MS. states that Frances, +wife of Gervase Holles, died at Horncastle and was buried +there. (These passages are quoted in Weir’s +<i>History of Horncastle</i>, pp. 30, 31, note, edition of +1820).</p> +<p><a name="footnote38"></a><a href="#citation38" +class="footnote">[38]</a> Mr. Dee had formerly been a Clerk +in Mr. Clitherow’s office, as Solicitor.</p> +<p><a name="footnote39a"></a><a href="#citation39a" +class="footnote">[39a]</a> This was formerly the +altar-piece below the east window of the chancel, before the +present reredos was placed there, and dedicated at the Harvest +Festival, 22 Sept., 1870.</p> +<p><a name="footnote39b"></a><a href="#citation39b" +class="footnote">[39b]</a> It may here be stated, that the +former font was quite as good as the present one, octagonal in +form, and of perpendicular design, in harmony with older portions +of the church. It was, however, discarded at the +restoration, and, for some time, hidden away among rubbish, but +eventually presented to the restored church of the neighbouring +parish of Belchford. The bowl of the present font is too +small to answer the requirements of the Rubric, and is not in +keeping with the architecture of the church.</p> +<p><a name="footnote39c"></a><a href="#citation39c" +class="footnote">[39c]</a> A Lectern, consisting of a large +eagle, of cast iron, bronzed, on the model of one in St. +Margaret’s Church, Lynn, was presented by the late +Prebendary Samuel Lodge, Rector of Scrivelsby. This is +still preserved in the south chancel chapel.</p> +<p><a name="footnote40a"></a><a href="#citation40a" +class="footnote">[40a]</a> Walker in his <i>Sufferings of +the Clergy</i> (1714) gives an account of Thomas Gibson, which we +here abridge. Born at Keswick (in the diocese of Carlisle), +he went to Queen’s College, Oxford, was appointed Master of +the Free School at Carlisle, there promoted to the similar post +at Newcastle, and finally preferred by the Bishop of Carlisle to +the Vicarage of Horncastle in 1634. In consequence of a +sermon preached by him, at the Election for Convocation, he was +seized, in 1643, and carried as a prisoner to Hull. Being +released after four month’s detention, and returning to +Horncastle, he was charged with teaching “ormanism” +(arminianism), and committed to the “County Jail” at +Lincoln, a Presbyterian minister being appointed in his stead at +Horncastle. In 1644 Colonel King, the Governor of Boston +under the Parliament, ordered a party of horse to seize him +(apparently having been released from Lincoln) and to plunder his +house, but an old pupil, Lieut. Col. John Lillburn, interceded +for him with his superior officer, Col. King, and the order was +revoked. In the subsequent absence, however, of Lillburn in +London, the order was repeated, and Mr. Gibson was made prisoner, +his house plundered, and his saddle horse, draught horses, and +oxen carried off. He was imprisoned at Boston, Lincoln and +“Tattors-Hall Castle,” where he had “very +ill-usage for 17 weeks.” He was sequestrated from his +benefice and an “intruder,” named Obadiah How, put in +charge. He was now accused of defending episcopacy, +“refusing the covenant,” &c. He retired to +a “mean house,” about a mile from Horncastle, +supposed to be at “Nether (Low) Toynton,” where he +and his family “lived but poorly for two years, teaching a +few pupils.” He was then appointed Master of the Free +School at Newark, two years later removed to the school at +Sleaford, being presented by Lady Carr. There he lived +until the Restoration, and then resumed his Vicarage at +Horncastle, until he died in 1678, aged 84. “He was a +grave and venerable person (says Walker), of a sober and regular +conversation, and so studious of peace, that when any differences +arose in his parish, he never rested till he had composed +them. He had likewise so well principled his parish that, +of 250 families in it, he left but one of them Dissenters at his +death.” (Walker’s <i>Sufferings of the +Clergy</i>, pt. ii, p. 252, Ed. 1714).</p> +<p><a name="footnote40b"></a><a href="#citation40b" +class="footnote">[40b]</a> There is an error in the date, +which should be Oct. 11. Further, the term “arch +rebel” is inappropriate, as Cromwell was, at that time, +only a Colonel, far from having attained his later distinction; +the term “skirmish” is also inadequate, as the +Winceby battle was a decisive engagement, with important +consequences.</p> +<p><a name="footnote41a"></a><a href="#citation41a" +class="footnote">[41a]</a> The origin of these scythes has +of late years been a <i>vexata questio</i>. It has been +suggested that they are not, as generally supposed, relics of the +Parliamentary War, but of the earlier so-called “Pilgrimage +of Grace,” or “Lincolnshire Rising,” a movement +intended as a protest against certain abuses attending the +Reformation, in the reign of Henry VIII. The evidence, +however, gathered from various directions, would seem to be +strongly corroborative of the old and more general opinion. +History shows that, for many years, about the period of the +Commonwealth, scythes were among the commonest, rude weapons of +war. The artist Edgar Bundy, in his painting “The +morning of Edgemoor,” recently (1905) purchased for the +National Gallery by the Chantry Trustees, represents a soldier +armed with a straight wooden-handled scythe. The battle of +Edgemoor was fought Oct. 23, 1642, one year before that of +Winceby. We have also contemporary testimony in the +<i>Memoirs of the Verney Family</i> (vol. i, pp. 109–118 +and 315), members of which took part in the civil war of that +period, that King Charles’ forces consisted largely of +untrained peasants, “ill-fed and clothed . . . having +neither colours, nor halberts . . . many only rude pikes . . . +few a musket.” To such the scythes used in their farm +labour would be handy weapons in emergency. As a parallel +to these cases Sir Walter Scott, in his preface to <i>Rob +Roy</i>, states that “many of the followers of MacGregor, +at the battle of Prestonpans (Sep. 21, 1745), were armed with +scythe blades, set straight upon their handles, for want of guns +and swords.” It is not without interest to note, that +about 60 years ago there were exhumed, on the farm above Langton +Hill, in Horncastle, the remains of 6 bodies, lying buried in a +row, with scythe blades beside them. It is known that +skirmishes between Royalists and Roundheads took place in this +locality, and it can hardly be doubted that these also were +relics of the Winceby fight. The then tenant of the farm, +Mr. Dobson (as the writer has been informed by his granddaughter, +Mrs. H. Boulton of St. Mary’s Square, Horncastle), carted +these remains to the town and they were re-buried in the south +side of St. Mary’s Churchyard, while the scythes were added +to those already in the church. An incident, which further +confirms their connection with the Winceby fight, is that the +present writer has in his possession a pair of spurs, which were +found on the field of Winceby, remarkable for the long spikes of +their rowels; and he himself once found the rowel of a spur, with +similarly long spikes, within a few yards of where the bodies +were discovered; and in the year 1905 he also examined several +bones, pronounced by a doctor to be human, which were found near +the same spot, while workmen were digging for the foundations of +a house since erected there. On the other hand, as against +the theory of the scythes having been used in the earlier +“Pilgrimage of Grace,” we are distinctly told that +the mobs concerned in that movement were deprived of all weapons +before they could use them. In the Lincoln Chapter House +books (c. i, 20, f 193) is a letter from Richard Cromwell, dated +Oct. 29, 1586, which says that he, and Admiral Sir John Russell, +went to Louth, where “all the harness and weapons were +seized, and conveyed to Lincoln,” and that for the same +purpose Mr. Bryan had been sent to Horncastle, and Mr. Brown to +Market Rasen. On the whole, therefore, the preponderance of +evidence is strongly in favour of the connection of all these +scythes with the neighbouring Battle of Winceby—the +original tradition.</p> +<p><a name="footnote41b"></a><a href="#citation41b" +class="footnote">[41b]</a> Weir, in his <i>History of +Horncastle</i> gives the quarterings of these shields as +follows:—</p> +<p>(1) Sable, 2 lions passant in pale, ducally crowned, or, +Dymoke impaling Barry of 6 ermines, and gules, 3 crescents, +sable, Waterton; a crescent for difference.</p> +<p>(2) Dymoke impaling Vairè, on a fess, gules +frettè, or. Marmyon, in chief, ermine, 5 fusils in +fess, Hebden, a crescent for difference.</p> +<p>(3) Argent, a sword erect, azure, hilt and pomel +gules.</p> +<p>(4) Dymoke impaling quarterly, gules and argent, a cross +engrailed. Countercharged, Haydon, a crescent for +difference.</p> +<p><a name="footnote42a"></a><a href="#citation42a" +class="footnote">[42a]</a> The only other theft from the +church of which we have record, was when the vestry was broken +into in December, 1812, and the money collected for parish +purposes was stolen. A reward of £50 was offered for +information of the thief, but without result. (MS. notes by +Mr. T. Overton in possession of Mr. John Overton, of +Horncastle.)</p> +<p><a name="footnote42b"></a><a href="#citation42b" +class="footnote">[42b]</a> Details of these are given by +Holles as follows:—</p> +<table> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In fenestra +Insulæ Borealis</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><blockquote><p>“Orate pro a’ia +Thomæ Coppuldike Armig. & D’næ +Margaretæ Consortis suæ fundatoris Gildæ Cantar +. . . Fenestram fieri fecit Ano Dni 1526.”</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In superiori +fenestra Borealis Cancelli</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>‘Gules a lion passant +guardant. Arg. . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>Sable, 3 flowres de lize betw: 6 +crosses botony fitchy Arg. . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p> </p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><blockquote><p>Gules, a cross sarcelly +Arg.” . . .</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +<td><blockquote><p style="text-align: right">Bec.</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>In fenestra +Orientali Insulæ Australis</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><blockquote><p>“Orate pro benefactoribus +artis sutorum, qui istam fenestram fieri fecerunt stæ +Ninianæ cum cera et catena. Item sti Crispinus et +Crispianus cum instrumentis calceariis.” (N.B. +The feminine is an error of Holles, as St. Ninian was a +man. Collier’s <i>History</i>, vol. i. p. 100).</p> +</blockquote> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra +Borealis superior</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Empaled</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Sa, 2 lions passant arg. crowned or.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Dymoke</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Or, a lion rampant double queue sa.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Welles</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Empaled</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p>Quarterly</p> +</td> +<td><p>Arg. a chevron betw: 3 bulls passant sa.</p> +<p>B. a fesse betw: 3 goats’ heads erased arg.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Tourney</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p>Quarterly</p> +</td> +<td><p>Arg. a chevron gobony sa.</p> +<p>Arg. on a bend g. 3 roses arg.</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Quarterly</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. chevron betw: 3 griphons’ heads +erased, g.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Tilney</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. 3 bars g. over all a bend engrailed, +sa.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Ros</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Quarterly</p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Quarterly or and g. a border sa bezanty.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Rockford</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +<td colspan="3"><p>Arg. 3 crosses botony fitchy B. semy of +flowres de lize</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><p>Quarterly ermine and chequey or. and g.</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Gipthorpe</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><p>Arg. a chevron betw: 3 roses, g.</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><p>Taylboys &c</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="5"><p style="text-align: center"><i>Fenestra +Australis superior</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"><p>G. a fesse betw. 3 water bougets ermine</p> +</td> +<td><p style="text-align: right">Meres</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"><p>Empaled.</p> +</td> +<td colspan="2"><p>Marchants Mark.</p> +<p>Arg. on a Bend, G. 3 ferniers of the first</p> +</td> +<td><p> </p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<blockquote><p>Hic jacet Francisca filia primogenita Petri +Fressheville de Stavely, in com. Derb. arm [ex priore uxore sua +Ehzabetha filia Gervasii Clifton de Clifton, in com. Nott. +Militis] et quondam uxor Gervasii Holles de Burgh in cum. +Lincoln. Militis, cui peperit Freschvillum Holles, et +Margaretam, gemellos, et Franciscum Holles filium juniorem. +Obijt Horncastell. Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. 241.</p> +</blockquote> +<p><a name="footnote42c"></a><a href="#citation42c" +class="footnote">[42c]</a> Mr. Sellwood lived in a house on +the west side of the Market Place, now occupied by R. W. +Clitherow, Esq., of a family long established in Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote44a"></a><a href="#citation44a" +class="footnote">[44a]</a> Mr. Fretwell was Curate of +Horncastle and Rector of Winceby, (<i>Directory of +Horncastle</i>, 1791–2). He would appear to have +been, for a time, in sole charge of Horncastle, as we find that +on one occasion (Feb. 23, 1790) “sensible of the distresses +of the sick poor, he gave 1½ g. from the communion money +to be laid out in Salop sago and Bowen’s sago powder, to be +distributed at the discretion of the Faculty.” (See +account of the Dispensary.)</p> +<p><a name="footnote44b"></a><a href="#citation44b" +class="footnote">[44b]</a> The vault of Dr. Madeley is +within the chancel rails, beneath the tablet. His son was +an officer in the 68th Regiment of Foot, in which also a +Horncastle man, named Walker, was sergeant.</p> +<p><a name="footnote46"></a><a href="#citation46" +class="footnote">[46]</a> There is still, in Westminster +Abbey, a chantry named “The Islip Chapel,” which is +used as a Robing room, at the consecration of the Bishops.</p> +<p><a name="footnote50"></a><a href="#citation50" +class="footnote">[50]</a> A List of Institutions given in +<i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. v, p. 236 has the date of +C. Monke’s appointment, 24 Oct., 1558, and gives his +predecessor as Henry Henshaw. In a previous notice +(<i>Ibidem</i>, p. 201) the latter is given as Henry Henshoo.</p> +<p><a name="footnote57a"></a><a href="#citation57a" +class="footnote">[57a]</a> The patronage and manorial +rights (as already stated) were transferred to the Bishop of +Lincoln, on the death of the Bishop of Carlisle in 1856.</p> +<p><a name="footnote57b"></a><a href="#citation57b" +class="footnote">[57b]</a> We may add that Dr. Madely also +left a bequest of £50 towards a much needed church at +Woodhall Spa; where through the energy of the Rev. H. Walter, +Vicar of the parent parish of Woodhall St. Margaret, and Rector +of Langton, the Church of St. Andrew was built before that of +Holy Trinity, Horncastle, the foundation stone being laid by Sir +H. Dymoke, April 2, 1846, and the consecration by Bishop Kaye +taking place Sep. 14, 1847; the architect in this case also being +Mr. Stephen Lewin, of Boston, a vicarage being built at the same +time.</p> +<p><a name="footnote59"></a><a href="#citation59" +class="footnote">[59]</a> All the coloured windows are by +Messrs. Clayton & Bell.</p> +<p><a name="footnote60"></a><a href="#citation60" +class="footnote">[60]</a> The sister of the present writer, +who was a brilliant pianist, frequently went to play to Mr. +Clarke, and, as she touched the piano, he would rouse himself and +take his flute and try to accompany her. It is not a little +remarkable, that Mr. Clarke’s widow, after a few years +married again, a Medical Practitioner, near Windsor, and +committed suicide by placing herself on the railway line, near +that place, her mangled remains being afterwards found on the +line. Whether her mind had been affected by her first +husband’s tragic death, who can say?</p> +<p><a name="footnote61"></a><a href="#citation61" +class="footnote">[61]</a> To show Mr. White’s energy +of character the writer may mention that he frequently, as a +healthy diversion from his professional work, walked up to +Langton Rectory before breakfast, and plied his spade in the +garden, and then enjoyed a hearty breakfast with the Rector, +returning to Horncastle in time for the daily service at 11 +a.m. As an instance of his kindly nature we may give the +following: At Horncastle a poor girl was suffering from a +“white swelling” in the knee. The doctor +declared that her life could only be saved by the leg being +amputated above the knee. She dreaded the operation, but +consented, if Mr. White would support her in his arms during the +process. He was greatly averse to painful scenes, but +reluctantly consented. Those were not the days of +anæsthetics, when such operations can be performed without +the patients feeling it; but he said to her “Let us +pray,” and while the doctors were at work they prayed so +fervently that she was too much absorbed to notice what was +done. At length she said, “Dear Mr. White will they +never begin?” His reply was “My good girl, your +leg is off, and the Lord has spared you all the +pain.” She lived to be a strong healthy woman and +always blessed the curate.</p> +<p><a name="footnote62"></a><a href="#citation62" +class="footnote">[62]</a> The writer had the privilege of +visiting Mr. White at Jedburgh, and retaining his valued +friendship through life, visiting him a short time before his +death, and receiving many kindnesses from him.</p> +<p><a name="footnote64"></a><a href="#citation64" +class="footnote">[64]</a> The <i>Morning Post</i> of April +8, 1889, referring to the death of Sir F. Gore Ouseley, says +“He was a member of an ancient Irish family . . . which +gave to the world the Wellesleys, the Wesleys, and the Ouseleys, +all springing from the same stock;” all three names being +only varied forms of the same. A clergyman, Rev. L. H. +Wellesley Wesley, now of Folkestone, combines the two names.</p> +<p><a name="footnote65"></a><a href="#citation65" +class="footnote">[65]</a> Samuel Wesley, the father, was +himself originally a dissenter, but afterwards conformed to the +established church. He was appointed to the benefice of +South Ormsby in 1699 and afterwards held the Rectory of Epworth, +and that of Wroot. His eldest son, Samuel, born about 1692, +was an Under Master in Westminster School for several years, and +later became Head Master of the Grammar School at Tiverton, in +Devonshire.</p> +<p><a name="footnote66a"></a><a href="#citation66a" +class="footnote">[66a]</a> This has been re-issued by Mr. +A. C. Fifield, as No. 16 of “The Simple Series,” 6d., +1905.</p> +<p><a name="footnote66b"></a><a href="#citation66b" +class="footnote">[66b]</a> As a proof of his regard for the +church we may quote his remark (given in <i>Christian Sects of +the</i> 19<i>th century</i>, W. Pickering, 1850) “The +Church of England is the purest in Christendom.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote66c"></a><a href="#citation66c" +class="footnote">[66c]</a> The first Conference was held in +London at “The Foundry,” June 25, 1744. It +consisted of only 10 persons, viz., the two brothers, John and +Charles Wesley, three beneficed clergymen, John Hodges, Rector of +Wenvo, Henry Piers, Vicar of Bexley, Samuel Taylor, Vicar of +Quinton, and John Meriton, with four Methodist preachers, viz., +John Downes, John Bennett, Thomas Richards and Thomas +Maxfield. At this gathering “The Rules of a +Helper” were adopted, which form to this day a part of the +“discipline” enjoined on Wesleyan Ministers.</p> +<p><a name="footnote68a"></a><a href="#citation68a" +class="footnote">[68a]</a> Mr. Carr Brackenbury died August +11, 1818, aged 65, and the <i>Stamford Mercury</i> of the time +says of him, “He powerfully and eloquently preached the +glad tidings of the gospel during many years, in numerous +Wesleyan Chapels, in various parts of the kingdom. He had +previously to his intimacy with Wesley been a celebrated +character on the turf.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote68b"></a><a href="#citation68b" +class="footnote">[68b]</a> The aged son of the last named +is still (1905) living at Alford, and several grandsons are +dispersed about the country.</p> +<p><a name="footnote70a"></a><a href="#citation70a" +class="footnote">[70a]</a> <i>Horncastle News</i>, August +31, 1907.</p> +<p><a name="footnote70b"></a><a href="#citation70b" +class="footnote">[70b]</a> The first Sunday School was held +in the British School (later the Drill Hall) east of the Wong, +from 1812 to 1848.</p> +<p><a name="footnote71a"></a><a href="#citation71a" +class="footnote">[71a]</a> We may add that at the time of +writing (1905) a Wesleyan Church House is about to be erected in +Westminster, a fine building in the Renaissance style of +architecture, which is to cost £140,000, the firm of +Lanchester & Richards being contractors for the work.</p> +<p><a name="footnote71b"></a><a href="#citation71b" +class="footnote">[71b]</a> In addition to the authorities +already named, we are indebted for much of the information here +given to an account by Mr. Watson Joll, in the <i>Methodist +Recorder</i> of Aug. 27, 1903, and to an article by the late Mr. +W. Pacy, in the <i>Lincoln Gazette</i> of Aug. 20, 1898.</p> +<p><a name="footnote71c"></a><a href="#citation71c" +class="footnote">[71c]</a> <i>Religious Worship in England +and Wales</i>, by H. Mann, from the census of 1851.</p> +<p><a name="footnote72"></a><a href="#citation72" +class="footnote">[72]</a> Within comparatively recent times +a Primitive Chapel at Thimbleby was commonly called “The +Ranters” Chapel.</p> +<p><a name="footnote73"></a><a href="#citation73" +class="footnote">[73]</a> <i>Life of the Venerable Hugh +Bourne</i>, by Rev. Jesse Ashworth, 1888; also <i>History of the +Primitive Methodist Connexion</i>, by Rev. H. B. Kendall, +B.A.</p> +<p><a name="footnote74"></a><a href="#citation74" +class="footnote">[74]</a> <i>The Venerable William +Clowes</i>, a sketch, by Thomas Guttery.</p> +<p><a name="footnote78"></a><a href="#citation78" +class="footnote">[78]</a> In connection with Robert +Brown’s writings it may be of interest to note, that in the +year 1907, an American scholar, Mr. Champlin Burrage, of the +Newton Theological Institution, of Massachusetts, discovered in +the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, a hitherto unpublished +work, in MS., entitled <i>The Retraction of Robert Brown</i>; +which the author himself describes as “A reproofe of +certeine schismatical persons and their doctrine touching the +hearing and preaching of the Word of God.” This was +written about the year 1588. It has now been published by +permission of the Archbishop of Canterbury (Oxford University +Press, 2/6 net), and is described by the editor as “a sane +and broad-minded” production. [<i>Guardian +Newspaper</i>, June 19, 1907.]</p> +<p><a name="footnote80a"></a><a href="#citation80a" +class="footnote">[80a]</a> These particulars are gathered +from the volume <i>Christian Sects of the</i> 19<i>th +century</i>, published by W. Pickering, 1850.</p> +<p><a name="footnote80b"></a><a href="#citation80b" +class="footnote">[80b]</a> Mann’s <i>Religious +Worship in England and Wales</i>, from the census of 1851.</p> +<p><a name="footnote80c"></a><a href="#citation80c" +class="footnote">[80c]</a> Only two copies of this pamphlet +are known to exist; one in the Library at Revesby Abbey; the +other is in the possession of Mr. C. M. Hodgett, of Horncastle, +an officer of the chapel, having been given to him by Miss +Frances Robinson, a relative, presumably, of the author +“W.R.,” otherwise William Robinson.</p> +<p><a name="footnote80d"></a><a href="#citation80d" +class="footnote">[80d]</a> Letter of Rev. J. G. Crippen, of +The Congregational Library Memorial Hall, London, Dec., 1858.</p> +<p><a name="footnote82"></a><a href="#citation82" +class="footnote">[82]</a> A fuller notice of Rev. T. Lord +appears on page 89.</p> +<p><a name="footnote84a"></a><a href="#citation84a" +class="footnote">[84a]</a> Written in prison, A.D. +1675.</p> +<p><a name="footnote84b"></a><a href="#citation84b" +class="footnote">[84b]</a> Under what was called “The +Five Mile Act.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote84c"></a><a href="#citation84c" +class="footnote">[84c]</a> The chapel generally regarded as +the oldest in the kingdom is that at Highthorne, in Kent, which +dates from 1650.</p> +<p><a name="footnote84d"></a><a href="#citation84d" +class="footnote">[84d]</a> There is a tradition that there +was a chapel near the watermill, but this was probably only a +room retained for the convenience of those who were +“dipped” in the pit. Under date, Aug. 7, 1889, +it is recorded, as though a novel event, that at a special +service in the evening, the Lay Pastor, Mr. W. P. Milns, +performed the ceremony of baptism, by immersion, in the chapel, +the baptized being an adult, <i>Horncastle News</i>, August 10, +1889.</p> +<p><a name="footnote85a"></a><a href="#citation85a" +class="footnote">[85a]</a> In 1876 the Horncastle Baptists +joined the “Notts., Derby and Lincoln Union,” which +proved a great help to them.</p> +<p><a name="footnote85b"></a><a href="#citation85b" +class="footnote">[85b]</a> Among those present were Rev. M. +C. Mason from Tura, Assam, British India, a member of the +American Missionary Union; Pasteur Saillens, of the French +Baptist community; Dr. B. D. Gray of Georgia, U.S.A.; as well as +delegates from Russia and Japan.</p> +<p><a name="footnote91"></a><a href="#citation91" +class="footnote">[91]</a> For further information as to the +origin of the school see <i>addendum</i> at the end of this +chapter.</p> +<p><a name="footnote92a"></a><a href="#citation92a" +class="footnote">[92a]</a> “Comorants,” this is +the Latin “Commorantes,” meaning “temporarily +resident.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote92b"></a><a href="#citation92b" +class="footnote">[92b]</a> Lord Clinton was 9th in descent +from John de Clinton, of Armington and Maxlock, Co. +Warwick. He was born in 1512; married Elizabeth, daughter +of Sir John Blount, and widow of Gilbert, Lord Tailbois. He +was made Lord Lieutenant of the County of Lincoln, Governor of +the Tower of London, had been already granted the Manor and +Castle of Tattershall by Ed. VI. and was created Earl of Lincoln +by Elizabeth in 1572, a title still held by his descendants, now +Dukes of Newcastle. He died January 16, 1584, and was +buried in St. George’s Chapel, Windsor.</p> +<p><a name="footnote92c"></a><a href="#citation92c" +class="footnote">[92c]</a> It has already been stated that +lands were given by John Neale in 1575; and by will dated Feb. 7, +1692, Mr. Nicholas Shipley bequeathed £100 to assist poor +scholars, but this was lost by the Treasurer, in 1703.</p> +<p><a name="footnote92d"></a><a href="#citation92d" +class="footnote">[92d]</a> By an apparently irregular +proceeding, the land in Thornton was in 1704, transferred to the +Hon. Lewis Dymoke of Scrivelsby, Champion of England. In +1811 the Governors decided to have their rights in this matter +investigated. Application was made to the Champion for an +explanation of the transaction. The case was submitted to +the Charity Commissioners, no reply however was ever received +from the Champion, and after a delay of 25 years, the matter was +allowed to drop. The £12 a year paid in lieu of the +former land does not seem to be an equivalent for the original +gift.</p> +<p><a name="footnote93"></a><a href="#citation93" +class="footnote">[93]</a> The present writer has a copy of +this work.</p> +<p><a name="footnote94"></a><a href="#citation94" +class="footnote">[94]</a> This grant amounted in 1903 to +£60 19s. The income for that year, apart from the +grant, was £256 11s. 4d.; fees of pupils amounting to +£263 10s.; school expenses £473 3s. 8d.</p> +<p><a name="footnote95a"></a><a href="#citation95a" +class="footnote">[95a]</a> Among those, formerly connected +with the school, who contributed to this Magazine, were the late +Head Master, Canon S. Lodge; the Senior Governor, Dr. R. Jalland; +A. C. Clapin, a whilome French pupil in the days of Dr. Smith, +who was son of an officer in the army of Napoleon I.; and the +present writer, who wrote School Reminiscences.</p> +<p><a name="footnote95b"></a><a href="#citation95b" +class="footnote">[95b]</a> To the credit and honour of Dr. +Smith, he brought his aged father and mother, the former being +blind, to Horncastle, and provided for them in their old +age. They resided in a small cottage, close to his own +house, now adjoining the Great Northern Hotel.</p> +<p><a name="footnote99a"></a><a href="#citation99a" +class="footnote">[99a]</a> The writer possesses a copy of +this, given to him by the author. He has also a 1st class +prize, a book, signed by J. B. Smith and F. Grosvenor as 1st and +2nd masters.</p> +<p><a name="footnote99b"></a><a href="#citation99b" +class="footnote">[99b]</a> His practice was always to close +the school with these words. When the boys were let out for +10 minutes, to freshen up in the school yard, as was done at +11.30 every morning, the expression was varied to “exire +licet.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote99c"></a><a href="#citation99c" +class="footnote">[99c]</a> Among the tasks set us to do by +ourselves between Saturday morning and Monday, were theses on +various subjects, or original verses, on some chosen theme; the +writer still possesses several of these, of varied merit. +They taught us, however, the careful use of words.</p> +<p><a name="footnote100a"></a><a href="#citation100a" +class="footnote">[100a]</a> The ringing of this bell was +given up a few years ago, as the Governors decided not to pay for +it.</p> +<p><a name="footnote100b"></a><a href="#citation100b" +class="footnote">[100b]</a> The veteran, Mr. Thomas Baker, +the friend of the champion cricketer, Dr. W. G. Grace, and the +trainer of Sir Evelyn Wood, had not yet arrived at Horncastle, +which he did a few years later, to put life and energy into our +cricketers.</p> +<p><a name="footnote106a"></a><a href="#citation106a" +class="footnote">[106a]</a> By Rev. T. P. Brocklehurst, +Vicar of that parish, 1901.</p> +<p><a name="footnote106b"></a><a href="#citation106b" +class="footnote">[106b]</a> As a similar instance to that +named in the text, the school at Kingston on Thames is now called +“Queen Elizabeth’s,” but it was founded by +Bishop Edington, in 1364. It may here be mentioned that the +grammar school of Bruton, Somerset, which was originally founded +in 1519, was re-established by Edward VI., “by letters +patent, dated June 20, 1549, Corpus Christi day,” on which +day the Governors, Masters, and Scholars still attend a special +commemoration service in the Parish Church. +(<i>Guardian</i>, August 2, 1905, p. 1,287.)</p> +<p><a name="footnote106c"></a><a href="#citation106c" +class="footnote">[106c]</a> Full details of these +appointments are given in a Paper, by Mr. A. F. Leach, author of +<i>English Schools at the Reformation</i>, for the <i>Gazette of +the Old Bostonian Club</i>, which is reprinted in the Journal of +the Lincolnshire Architectural Society, vol. xxvi, pt. ii, pp. +398 et seq, 1902.</p> +<p><a name="footnote108a"></a><a href="#citation108a" +class="footnote">[108a]</a> The firm of Handley were +Solicitors, of Sleaford. Their recent representative was a +member of the Banking Company of Peacock, Handley & Co. Henry +Handley, Esq., represented South Lincolnshire in Parliament +during 9 years, after the passing of the Reform Bill, dying in +1846, much regretted, after a long illness. As a memorial +of his public services a statue of him was erected in the main +street of Sleaford in 1851, costing upward of £1,000.</p> +<p><a name="footnote108b"></a><a href="#citation108b" +class="footnote">[108b]</a> The Swallows were a well-to-do +family in Horncastle, living in the same part of the town as Mr. +Watson, and the Coningtons. Members of it, within memory, +have been farmers, nurserymen, victuallers, &c.</p> +<p><a name="footnote110a"></a><a href="#citation110a" +class="footnote">[110a]</a> This particular plot of ground, +sometimes called “fool thing,” is named in various +other ancient documents connected with Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote110b"></a><a href="#citation110b" +class="footnote">[110b]</a> The Governors at this date were +John Thorold, M.D., Horncastle; Rev. Arthur Rockliffe, Roughton; +Rev. William Boawre Coningsby; Robert Cole, Horncastle, gent; +Benjamin Stephenson, Mareham-le-Fen, gent; Richard Heald, +Horncastle, gent; Rev. John Wheeler, Mareham-le-Fen; Simon Draper +and William Hirst Simpson, Horncastle; Francis Conington, +Residuary Devisee; and Joseph Mowbound, Horncastle, clerk.</p> +<p><a name="footnote111"></a><a href="#citation111" +class="footnote">[111]</a> Weir’s <i>History of +Horncastle</i>, 1820, pp. 41, 42.</p> +<p><a name="footnote112a"></a><a href="#citation112a" +class="footnote">[112a]</a> Professor Walter’s +<i>History of England</i>, vol. vii., pp. 454–6.</p> +<p><a name="footnote112b"></a><a href="#citation112b" +class="footnote">[112b]</a> This date is definitely fixed +by the fact that the fittings of the school were sold by auction +early in the following year (1877), among them being a desk, +still in use, to the present writer’s knowledge, in a +neighbouring village school. The premises were afterwards +purchased by the late Mr. Alfred Healy, for a corn store, and +they are now the warehouse of Messrs. Carlton & Sons, +Chemists, of High Street.</p> +<p><a name="footnote112c"></a><a href="#citation112c" +class="footnote">[112c]</a> The efficiency of the present +church schools is testified to by the Report of the Government +Inspector, in July, 1905, as follows: “Staff adequate, +teaching energetic, boys and girls. The new library should +be a great benefit. Infants, brisk and kind discipline; +teaching bright and thorough.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote113a"></a><a href="#citation113a" +class="footnote">[113a]</a> The Right Hon. George Joachim +Goschen, afterwards Viscount Goschen.</p> +<p><a name="footnote113b"></a><a href="#citation113b" +class="footnote">[113b]</a> 53 and 54 Victoria, chap. +60.</p> +<p><a name="footnote114a"></a><a href="#citation114a" +class="footnote">[114a]</a> Mr. Mallet was afterwards +assisted by Mr. Sydney N. Hawling, clerk to Mr. H. W. Kemp, +Chemist, and also by Miss M. E. Edgar.</p> +<p><a name="footnote114b"></a><a href="#citation114b" +class="footnote">[114b]</a> <i>Horncastle News</i>, Sept. +19, 1896.</p> +<p><a name="footnote115"></a><a href="#citation115" +class="footnote">[115]</a> Miss Foster was an enthusiast in +all her work, and being a cyclist she explored the country for +many miles round Horncastle to collect fossils, besides making +excursions into other counties, thus obtaining a valuable +collection of specimens. The writer possesses a copy of +these lectures, which are remarkable for their fulness and +precision.</p> +<p><a name="footnote120a"></a><a href="#citation120a" +class="footnote">[120a]</a> The Rev. John Fretwell was +Rector of Winceby, and began his ministry in Horncastle, June +24th, 1782, and was Curate under the Vicars, Revs. James Fowler +and Joseph Robinson. He would appear to have possessed a +private income beyond his official stipend. He was +probably, for some time, in sole charge of the cure, as we find +him disposing of some of the “communion money,” for +the benefit of the Dispensary, as recorded in a subsequent page +of this chapter. There is a tablet of black marble on the +north wall of the chancel, in St. Mary’s Church, in memory +of Elizabeth, his first wife, who died Dec. 4th, 1784, and also +of his infant son by his second wife), Matthew Harold, who died +Sept. 19th, 1786.</p> +<p><a name="footnote120b"></a><a href="#citation120b" +class="footnote">[120b]</a> This was the house now occupied +by Dr. H. A. Howes, 30, West Street; and the writer may add, +that, within his own memory, while the house was occupied by a +later tenant, Mr. Jason Alison, a poor lunatic, probably a +survival of Dr. Harrison’s asylum, was kept chained to the +kitchen fireplace. Such treatment would now be impossible, +but parallel cases are on record in the neighbourhood.</p> +<p><a name="footnote122"></a><a href="#citation122" +class="footnote">[122]</a> Dr. E. Jenner made his first +experiment in 1796, announced his success in 1798, and the +practice became general in 1799.</p> +<p><a name="footnote124"></a><a href="#citation124" +class="footnote">[124]</a> Mr. Macarthur was the most +indefatigable and efficient dispenser up to that time; the +Governors more than once passing a vote of thanks for his +services, raising his salary, or presenting him with a +cheque.</p> +<p><a name="footnote127"></a><a href="#citation127" +class="footnote">[127]</a> Weir, in his <i>History of +Horncastle</i>, says that lime, manure, and road material were +charged half rates. This was in 1828.</p> +<p><a name="footnote128"></a><a href="#citation128" +class="footnote">[128]</a> We refer to an admirable Paper, +read before the Society of Arts, London, by Mr. Buckley, C.S.I., +Feb. 15th, 1906.</p> +<p><a name="footnote129a"></a><a href="#citation129a" +class="footnote">[129a]</a> See a very interesting volume, +<i>Our Waterways</i>, by Urquhart A. Forbes and W. H. R. +Ashford. Murray, London, 1906.</p> +<p><a name="footnote133"></a><a href="#citation133" +class="footnote">[133]</a> Garnier’s <i>Annals of +British Peasantry</i>, 1895.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134a"></a><a href="#citation134a" +class="footnote">[134a]</a> As an instance of this the +Horncastle Union comprises 69 parishes.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134b"></a><a href="#citation134b" +class="footnote">[134b]</a> These books were inspected by +the present writer a few years ago, although now (1906) supposed +to be lost. In the account of Thimbleby, given in the +appendix to this volume, instances are given of various forms of +relief to paupers, in coals, shoes, petticoats, &c., but +always on condition that they attended the church services +regularly, otherwise such relief was forfeited.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134c"></a><a href="#citation134c" +class="footnote">[134c]</a> In some parts of the country +“black bread,” made of oatmeal, was in use, among the +humbler classes, as late as in 1850.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134d"></a><a href="#citation134d" +class="footnote">[134d]</a> This had been forestalled as +early as in the reign of Edward I.; a Pipe Roll dated 12 Edward +I. (A.D. 1284) shows that a payment of 60 shillings was made for +a common oven, rented of the Bishop of Carlisle, as Lord of the +Manor. <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. iv, p. +237.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134e"></a><a href="#citation134e" +class="footnote">[134e]</a> The older ones among us will +remember that in the days of our grandmothers the spinning wheel +was usually to be seen in the boudoir, or drawing room. A +common shrub of our hedgerows and copses is the spindle tree +(euonymus europeus), so named because of its compact, yet light, +wood was made the spindle of the spinster. An old MS., kept +by Sarah Cleveland, shows how not only the poor but ladies of all +ranks, like the Homeric Penelope and her maidens, practised +spinning; the younger with a view to providing a marriage portion +for themselves; whence, until marriage, they were called +“spinsters,” a term still in use. [Berenden +Letters of William Ward and his family, of Berenden, Kent, +1758–1821, edited by C. F. Hardy. Dent & Co., +1901.] It may be here mentioned that the ancient building +in Boston named Shodfriars’ Hall, was formerly a spinning +school. In the Parish Register of Wispington, in this +neighbourhood, not only is the female mentioned as +“spinster,” but the male is called +“weaver,” and in the adjoining parish of Woodhall +there is a “weavers’ close,” part of which is +named “tailors’ garth,” in the same connection, +and the present parish clerk’s grandmother, a Mrs. +Oldfield, had herself a hand loom; and in the parish of Minting +weaving is known to have been carried on extensively, an +informant telling the present writer that his grandmother had a +hand loom, see <i>Records of Woodhall Spa</i>, &c., under +Minting, by the author. In Horncastle a weaver, named +Keeling, formerly occupied the premises now the +bookseller’s shop of Mr. Hugh Wilson; another lived in the +house, 3, North Street, now occupied by Mr. G. Walkley.</p> +<p><a name="footnote134f"></a><a href="#citation134f" +class="footnote">[134f]</a> The members of this committee +are given as Rev. Jas. Fowler (Vicar), Joshua Towne (a +well-known clock maker, whose clocks are still valued), Geo. +Heald (gent), James Watson, William Maddison, Robert Boulton, +John Spraggings, Francis Rockliffe, and Joshua Vickers +(hatter).</p> +<p><a name="footnote134g"></a><a href="#citation134g" +class="footnote">[134g]</a> In digging to lay the +foundations of the building, a considerable number of ancient +jars were exhumed, which passed subsequently into the possession +of the Chaplain, the late Rev. E. M. Chapman, Rector of Low +Toynton. After disappearing for some years, several of +these were sold in 1905. They are supposed to be Cyprus +ware. The present writer has three of them, others have +been presented to different museums, &c.</p> +<p><a name="footnote135"></a><a href="#citation135" +class="footnote">[135]</a> The only town constable at that +time was a feeble old man (it was said) a former smuggler. +He afterwards retired from this post, for which he was unfitted, +and became host of the Lord Nelson Inn, close by the former scene +of his duties. We may add that the sign of this inn, a good +portrait of Nelson, was the work of the artist Northouse.</p> +<p><a name="footnote140"></a><a href="#citation140" +class="footnote">[140]</a> £300 was borrowed Nov. +19th, 1901.</p> +<p><a name="footnote142a"></a><a href="#citation142a" +class="footnote">[142a]</a> Robert Whelpton, the father of +George, who was also a shoemaker, used to relate that he made +shoes for Sir John Franklin, before he went out as Governor of +Tasmania. Sir John, a native of Spilsby, was brother-in-law +of Mr. Henry Selwood, who lived in the house on the west side of +the Market Place, now occupied by Mr. R. W. Clitherow, which +would be opposite Whelpton’s shop. Sir John was +Governor of Tasmania 1836–1842.</p> +<p><a name="footnote142b"></a><a href="#citation142b" +class="footnote">[142b]</a> William Thomas Whelpton took as +a residence 69, Gloucester Crescent, Regent’s Park, London; +and Henry Robert Whelpton resided in Upton Park, Slough.</p> +<p><a name="footnote142c"></a><a href="#citation142c" +class="footnote">[142c]</a> While at Derby he revisited +Horncastle, driving over in a hired carriage, with pair of +horses, and it is said that a local wag, seeing his carriage in +the Bull Hotel yard, wrote upon it with chalk:</p> +<blockquote><p>“Who would have thought it,<br /> +That pills could have bought it?”</p> +</blockquote> +<p><a name="footnote143a"></a><a href="#citation143a" +class="footnote">[143a]</a> His wife’s maiden name +was Barber. She was, by profession, a lady’s stay +maker, and occupied a house standing on the site of the present +Church National School.</p> +<p><a name="footnote143b"></a><a href="#citation143b" +class="footnote">[143b]</a> The inscription on the houses +states that they were erected by George Whelpton, of 1, Albeit +Road, Regent’s Park, London, in 1861, in memory of his wife +Elizabeth, who died Dec. 11, 1859.</p> +<p><a name="footnote145"></a><a href="#citation145" +class="footnote">[145]</a> The present writer still has in +his possession, as a cherished heirloom, the sword and sash of +his grandfather, the owner of Tanshelf House, Pontefract, as well +as of residences at Lofthouse and Methley.</p> +<p><a name="footnote146"></a><a href="#citation146" +class="footnote">[146]</a> Similarly the present writer has +a photograph of an uncle, who was an officer of yeomanry in 1804, +and lived to join the modern yeomanry in 1860.</p> +<p><a name="footnote155"></a><a href="#citation155" +class="footnote">[155]</a> <i>Illustrated Police News</i>, +Aug. 18th, 1883,</p> +<p><a name="footnote159"></a><a href="#citation159" +class="footnote">[159]</a> The <i>Boston Guardian</i> in an +obituary notice said “all who knew him esteemed him,” +and the <i>Horncastle News</i> said “There is gone from +among us one of nature’s true gentlemen.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote160"></a><a href="#citation160" +class="footnote">[160]</a> This ready mode of disolving the +bond of wedlock was not uncommon in former times, but a similar +case is recorded as having occurred in or near Scarborough in +recent years, and in November 1898 a case came before Mr. Justice +Kekewich, in the Chancery Court, of a man, before leaving for +Australia, having sold his wife for £250.</p> +<p><a name="footnote162"></a><a href="#citation162" +class="footnote">[162]</a> For these details, as well as +many others, I am indebted to family records in the possession of +the late Mr. John Overton, which I have had the privilege of +consulting on many occasions. J.C.W.</p> +<p><a name="footnote165"></a><a href="#citation165" +class="footnote">[165]</a> Mr. Isaac Taylor in his <i>Words +and Places</i> (p. 201, ed. 1873), says “I cannot discover +any indication of the place where the Lincolnshire +‘Thing’ (the Saxon ‘County Council’) +assembled, unless it was at Thimbleby or Legbourne.” +There are, however, several parishes containing the element +“thing” in their field names; for instance there is +one in Welton near Lincoln; there is a Candlesby Thyng, a +Norcotes Thyng, and Ravenworth Thyng, named in a Chancery +Inquisition, 20 Henry VII., No. 133, &c. +(<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1895, p. +38.) These were probably the localities where smaller +parish meetings were held.</p> +<p><a name="footnote166a"></a><a href="#citation166a" +class="footnote">[166a]</a> A superior tenant, holding +under Bishop Odo, was a rather important man in the county, +frequently mentioned in documents of the period, as Alan of +Lincoln. He also held lands in Langton and other parishes +in the neighbourhood. (Survey of Lindsey, Cotton MS., +British Museum. Claudius, c. 5. A.D. +1114–1118.)</p> +<p><a name="footnote166b"></a><a href="#citation166b" +class="footnote">[166b]</a> Notices of Hagworthingham.</p> +<p><a name="footnote166c"></a><a href="#citation166c" +class="footnote">[166c]</a> Albemarle, or Aumarle, was a +town in Normandy, now called Aumale, whence the Duc d’ +Aumale, of the Royal family of France, takes his title. +Probably the Earl put in a claim for this demesne indirectly, +because (as already stated) Adeliza, Countess of Albemarle, was +sister of Bishop Odo, the former Lord of Thimbleby.</p> +<p><a name="footnote166d"></a><a href="#citation166d" +class="footnote">[166d]</a> The Gaunts took their name from +Gande, now Ghent, in Flanders. Gilbert was the son of +Baldwyn, Earl of Flanders, whose sister was married to William +the Conqueror. He was thus nephew to the Conqueror’s +consort. He held 113 manors in Lincolnshire besides many +others elsewhere. Both he and his son Walter largely +endowed Bardney Abbey. The name of Gaunt still survives in +our neighbourhood.</p> +<p><a name="footnote166e"></a><a href="#citation166e" +class="footnote">[166e]</a> Notes on Bolingbroke, +&c.</p> +<p><a name="footnote167a"></a><a href="#citation167a" +class="footnote">[167a]</a> Feet of Fines, Lincoln, 31 +Edward I.</p> +<p><a name="footnote167b"></a><a href="#citation167b" +class="footnote">[167b]</a> <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, 1897, p. 52.</p> +<p><a name="footnote167c"></a><a href="#citation167c" +class="footnote">[167c]</a> It may be nothing more than an +accidental coincidence that the name of Bartholomew occurs in the +Thimbleby Register in modern times.</p> +<p><a name="footnote167d"></a><a href="#citation167d" +class="footnote">[167d]</a> These charters belong to the +Rev. J. A. Penny, Vicar of Wispington, by whom they were +communicated to <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. v, No. +38, April, 1897.</p> +<p><a name="footnote168a"></a><a href="#citation168a" +class="footnote">[168a]</a> Harleian Charter, British +Museum, 43 G, 52, B.M. <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, +Oct., 1898, p. 244.</p> +<p><a name="footnote168b"></a><a href="#citation168b" +class="footnote">[168b]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem 6 Ed. III.</p> +<p><a name="footnote168c"></a><a href="#citation168c" +class="footnote">[168c]</a> Chancery Inquisition post +mortem, 34 Ed. III., and notes thereon, <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, 1896, p. 257.</p> +<p><a name="footnote168d"></a><a href="#citation168d" +class="footnote">[168d]</a> Court of Wards Inquisition, 3, +4, 5 Ed. VI., vol. 5, p. 91.</p> +<p><a name="footnote169a"></a><a href="#citation169a" +class="footnote">[169a]</a> Harleian Charter, British +Museum, 56 B, 49 B.M.</p> +<p><a name="footnote169b"></a><a href="#citation169b" +class="footnote">[169b]</a> Myntlyng MS. of Spalding +Priory, folio 7 b.</p> +<p><a name="footnote170a"></a><a href="#citation170a" +class="footnote">[170a]</a> At the time of the Norman +Conquest, according to Sir Henry Ellis, there were 222 parish +churches in the county, and only 131 resident priests. +Sharon Turner gives 226 churches, about half without a resident +minister.</p> +<p><a name="footnote170b"></a><a href="#citation170b" +class="footnote">[170b]</a> Hundred Rolls, p. 299. +Oliver’s <i>Religious Houses</i>, p. 78.</p> +<p><a name="footnote171a"></a><a href="#citation171a" +class="footnote">[171a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, 1898, p. 135.</p> +<p><a name="footnote171b"></a><a href="#citation171b" +class="footnote">[171b]</a> <i>History of Lincolnshire</i>, +p. 334.</p> +<p><a name="footnote172a"></a><a href="#citation172a" +class="footnote">[172a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queues</i>, vol. ii, p. 38.</p> +<p><a name="footnote172b"></a><a href="#citation172b" +class="footnote">[172b]</a> I have been informed of this by +the Rev. Edwin Richard Kemp, of St. Anne’s Lodge, Lincoln, +who is a scion of a collateral branch of the family, to be named +next amongst the successive owners of the Hall-garth.</p> +<p><a name="footnote173a"></a><a href="#citation173a" +class="footnote">[173a]</a> Weir’s <i>History of +Lincolnshire</i>, p. 334.</p> +<p><a name="footnote173b"></a><a href="#citation173b" +class="footnote">[173b]</a> Henry Kemp and +“Elinor” Panton were married in 1723. They had +a numerous family, including Michael, baptized May 2nd, 1731; +Thomas, baptized 1737, married 1768; and Robert, baptized 1740, +married 1766. Thomas and Robert were family names, which +occurred in successive generations. There were other +branches of the family, whose representatives still survive; +including the Rev. Edwin R. Kemp, already referred to, whose +grandfather was first cousin of the last Thomas Kemp residing at +the Hall-garth. When the Kemp property was sold, a portion, +at one time belonging to William Barker, was bought by the Rev. +R. E. Kemp of Lincoln.</p> +<p><a name="footnote173c"></a><a href="#citation173c" +class="footnote">[173c]</a> N. Bailey’s +<i>Dictionary</i> 1740.</p> +<p><a name="footnote173d"></a><a href="#citation173d" +class="footnote">[173d]</a> The Saxon word +“cæmban” meant “to comb,” whence +our words “kempt” and “unkempt,” applied +to a tidy, neatly trimmed, or combed, person, and the reverse; or +used of other things, as Spenser, in his <i>Faery Queen</i>, +says:</p> +<blockquote><p>“I greatly lothe thy wordes,<br /> +Uncourteous and unkempt.”—Book III, canto x, stanza +xxix.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>On the other hand, more than 100 years before the days of the +Huguenots, there was a Cardinal John Kemp, afterwards consecrated +Archbishop of Canterbury, A.D. 1452, born at Wye, near Ashford in +Kent. In the old Rhyming Chronicle +“Lawëman’s Brut,” of date about A.D. 1205, +we find “Kemp” used as a parallel to +“Knight,” or warrior; as</p> +<blockquote><p>“Three hundred cnihtes were also Kempes,<br +/> +The faireste men that evere come here.”</p> +<p>(“Hengist and Horsa,” Cottonian MS., Brit. Mus., +“Otho,” c. xiii.)<br /> +(“Morris’s <i>Specimens of early English</i>,” +p. 65.)</p> +</blockquote> +<p>In Bedfordshire there is a village named Kempston, which, like +Campton in the same county, is supposed to be derived from the +Saxon “Kemp,” meaning “battle.” +Taylor’s <i>Words and Places</i>, p. 206.</p> +<p><a name="footnote175"></a><a href="#citation175" +class="footnote">[175]</a> One of these Marshalls began +life as the owner of property, hunting in “pink,” +&c., but ended his days as the clerk of a neighbouring +parish. Another had a public-house and farm in another near +parish; his descendant is a beneficed clergyman in the diocese of +Exeter.</p> +<p><a name="footnote176a"></a><a href="#citation176a" +class="footnote">[176a]</a> There were six bells in the +original church. These were sold by the said churchwarden, +who would appear to have been a zealous iconoclast. +According to one tradition they went to Billinghay, but as the +church there has only three bells, this is probably an +error. Another version is that they were transferred to +Tetford church; had the removal occurred in the time of the +Thimblebys, this might not have been improbable, as they were +patrons of that benefice; but several other churches claim this +distinction, and, further, there are only three bells in that +church, so that this again is doubtless a mistake.</p> +<p><a name="footnote176b"></a><a href="#citation176b" +class="footnote">[176b]</a> Gervase Holles gives the +following as the inscription existing in his time (circa 1640), +“Hic jacet Gulielmus Brackenburg et Emmotta ejus uxor, qui +quidem Gulielmus obiit 6 die Januarii, An’o D’ni +1476, quorum a’iabus p’pitietur Deus. +Amen.” There are, he adds, “figures of +themselves upon the stone, and ten children, all in +brasse.” Harleian MS., Brit. Mus., No. 6,829, p. +177.</p> +<p><a name="footnote177"></a><a href="#citation177" +class="footnote">[177]</a> In <i>Magna Britannia</i> it is +stated that he held 15 manors in this county. In connection +with the Paganell family it may here be noted that a daughter, +Maud, of Gilbert de Gaunt, married a Norman, Ralph Fitzooth; +their son William Fitzooth married the daughter of Beauchamp +Paganell; from whom sprung Robert Fitz Ooth, commonly known as +Robin Hood. Stukeley, <i>Palæol Brit.</i>, vol. ii, +p. 115.</p> +<p><a name="footnote178a"></a><a href="#citation178a" +class="footnote">[178a]</a> <i>Guardian</i>, Jan. 18th, +1905.</p> +<p><a name="footnote178b"></a><a href="#citation178b" +class="footnote">[178b]</a> <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. i, +564–565.</p> +<p><a name="footnote178c"></a><a href="#citation178c" +class="footnote">[178c]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp. 16, 17.</p> +<p><a name="footnote178d"></a><a href="#citation178d" +class="footnote">[178d]</a> Weir’s <i>History of +Lincolnshire</i>, vol. i, p. 335. Ed. 1828.</p> +<p><a name="footnote179"></a><a href="#citation179" +class="footnote">[179]</a> Harleian MSS., No. 6,829, p. +342.</p> +<p><a name="footnote180a"></a><a href="#citation180a" +class="footnote">[180a]</a> It contains several entries of +baptisms during the Commonwealth, a period when, frequently, only +births were allowed to be registered.</p> +<p><a name="footnote180b"></a><a href="#citation180b" +class="footnote">[180b]</a> Testa de Nevill, folio 248 +(536).</p> +<p><a name="footnote183a"></a><a href="#citation183a" +class="footnote">[183a]</a> Testa de Nevill, fol. 348 +(556).</p> +<p><a name="footnote183b"></a><a href="#citation183b" +class="footnote">[183b]</a> <i>Domesday Book</i>.</p> +<p><a name="footnote183c"></a><a href="#citation183c" +class="footnote">[183c]</a> Soc-men were small tenants who +held their lands under the lord, on the terms of doing certain +agricultural service for him. Bordars, from the Saxon +“bord” a cottage, were a lower class of smaller +tenants, who had a cottage and small allotment, supplying to the +lord more continuous labour, and also eggs and poultry. By +statute of Queen Elizabeth (31 Eliz., c. 7), which probably only +confirmed old usage, at that time liable to fall into abeyance, +it was enacted that any proprietor electing a new cottage should +be compelled to attach thereto four acres of land. If +something like this were done in these days we should probably +hear less of the rural population migrating to the towns, to the +increase of pauperage. There was a third still lower class +of dependents, not here mentioned, named villeins, who performed +the meanest labours; these were attached either to the land, or +to the person of the owner, and could be transferred from one to +another owner, like goods or chattels. Such a position of +serfdom is unknown to the agricultural labourer of modern times; +and their name, as having belonged to the lowest grade of +society, now only survives as a synonym for a dishonest person, a +scoundrel or villain.</p> +<p><a name="footnote184a"></a><a href="#citation184a" +class="footnote">[184a]</a> A “trentall” was +thirty masses for the dead to be celebrated on thirty several +days.</p> +<p><a name="footnote184b"></a><a href="#citation184b" +class="footnote">[184b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol iv, pp. 12–13.</p> +<p><a name="footnote185a"></a><a href="#citation185a" +class="footnote">[185a]</a> Weir’s <i>History</i>, +ed. 1828, p. 335.</p> +<p><a name="footnote185b"></a><a href="#citation185b" +class="footnote">[185b]</a> Mr. Taylor in his <i>Words and +Places</i>, p. 130, says that “there is hardly a river +named in England which is not celtic, <i>i.e.</i> British. +The name Waring is British; garw, or gwarw, is welsh, <i>i.e.</i> +British, and appears in other river names, as the Yarrow and +Garry in Scotland, and the Garonne in France.</p> +<p><a name="footnote186"></a><a href="#citation186" +class="footnote">[186]</a> This bridge was taken down and a +wider and more substantial one erected in 1899.</p> +<p><a name="footnote187a"></a><a href="#citation187a" +class="footnote">[187a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii. p. 218.</p> +<p><a name="footnote187b"></a><a href="#citation187b" +class="footnote">[187b]</a> <i>Ibid.</i>, pp. 87, 88.</p> +<p><a name="footnote187c"></a><a href="#citation187c" +class="footnote">[187c]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iv. pp. 212, 213.</p> +<p><a name="footnote188a"></a><a href="#citation188a" +class="footnote">[188a]</a> Canon Maddison, +<i>Architectural Society’s Journal</i>, 1897, p. l62.</p> +<p><a name="footnote188b"></a><a href="#citation188b" +class="footnote">[188b]</a> In the old Register Book of +Burials, &c., of the parish of “Toynton +Inferior,” is an entry of the burial of “--- Newcomen +ye 17th November, 1592.” The Christian name is +undecipherable.</p> +<p><a name="footnote190a"></a><a href="#citation190a" +class="footnote">[190a]</a> Sewer is a common local name +for a drain, or even a clear running stream. Such a stream, +called the Sewer, rises at Well-syke Wood in this parish, and +runs into the Witham river, nearly four miles distant, perfectly +limpid throughout its course. As to the name Well-syke, +“sike” is an old term for a “beck,” or +small running stream. “Sykes and meres” are +frequently mentioned in old documents connected with land. +The word syke is doubtless connected with “soak,” and +this wood was so named because the “syke” welled up +within a marshy part of it.</p> +<p><a name="footnote190b"></a><a href="#citation190b" +class="footnote">[190b]</a> <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, vol. xxiii, pp. 122 and 132.</p> +<p><a name="footnote190c"></a><a href="#citation190c" +class="footnote">[190c]</a> Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. +244.</p> +<p><a name="footnote191"></a><a href="#citation191" +class="footnote">[191]</a> It was at Roughton in 1631.</p> +<p><a name="footnote192a"></a><a href="#citation192a" +class="footnote">[192a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii, pp. 245–6.</p> +<p><a name="footnote192b"></a><a href="#citation192b" +class="footnote">[192b]</a> Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. +245.</p> +<p><a name="footnote194a"></a><a href="#citation194a" +class="footnote">[194a]</a> Sir Jos. Banks was Lord of the +Manor.</p> +<p><a name="footnote194b"></a><a href="#citation194b" +class="footnote">[194b]</a> Archdeacn Churton’s +<i>English Church</i>; Introd. <i>Domesday Book</i>, by C. Gowen +Smith, p. xxxii.</p> +<p><a name="footnote195a"></a><a href="#citation195a" +class="footnote">[195a]</a> Harleyan MS., No. 6829, p. +218.</p> +<p><a name="footnote195b"></a><a href="#citation195b" +class="footnote">[195b]</a> Burn’s <i>Justice</i>, +vol. v, pp. 823–4.</p> +<p><a name="footnote196a"></a><a href="#citation196a" +class="footnote">[196a]</a> <i>Revesby Deeds & +Charters</i>, published by Right Hon. E. Stanhope, No. 150.</p> +<p><a name="footnote196b"></a><a href="#citation196b" +class="footnote">[196b]</a> <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, 1894, p. 214.</p> +<p><a name="footnote196c"></a><a href="#citation196c" +class="footnote">[196c]</a> <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, 1891, p. 24, and 1897, pp. +145–163.</p> +<p><a name="footnote196d"></a><a href="#citation196d" +class="footnote">[196d]</a> <i>Architectural +Society’s Journal</i>, 1897, pp. 75, 79.</p> +<p><a name="footnote196e"></a><a href="#citation196e" +class="footnote">[196e]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iii, p. 215.</p> +<p><a name="footnote198a"></a><a href="#citation198a" +class="footnote">[198a]</a> A pamphlet on <i>The Ayscough +family and their connections</i>, by J. Conway Walter, 1896.</p> +<p><a name="footnote198b"></a><a href="#citation198b" +class="footnote">[198b]</a> <i>Lincolnshire Wills</i>, by +Canon Maddison.</p> +<p><a name="footnote198c"></a><a href="#citation198c" +class="footnote">[198c]</a> At this early period, partly +perhaps owing to laxity of morals, but partly because the papal +supremacy was not fully recognised, celibacy of the clergy was +not strictly enforced. On the accession of Queen Mary great +numbers of them were found to be married. She issued +“Injunctions” to the bishops in 1553–4, +ordering them to deprive all such of their benefices; although +some of them, on doing public penance, were restored to their +position. In the Lincoln Lists of Institutions to +Benefices, at that period, many of the vacancies are stated to +have occurred, owing to the deprivation of the previous +incumbent; and in some cases, as at Knebworth, Herts., and at +Haversham, Bucks, (both then in the Lincoln diocese), it is +specified that the incumbent so deprived was married (sacerdos +conjugatus). <i>Lincs. Notes & Queries</i>, vol. v, p. +174.</p> +<p><a name="footnote198d"></a><a href="#citation198d" +class="footnote">[198d]</a> One derivation of the name +Revesby is from “reeve,” a fox, or rover, and we +still call the fox the “little red rover.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote201a"></a><a href="#citation201a" +class="footnote">[201a]</a> The Glenham family were at one +time located at Miningsby; when the Revesby estates passed from +the Duke of Suffolk, Thomas Glenham, Esq., with Sir Henry Sidney, +and some others, succeeded to different portions.</p> +<p><a name="footnote201b"></a><a href="#citation201b" +class="footnote">[201b]</a> <i>Words and Plans</i>, by J. +Taylor.</p> +<p><a name="footnote202"></a><a href="#citation202" +class="footnote">[202]</a> This tract of forest probably +was very extensive. We know that in the north-west of the +county, and extending to near Doncaster, there was the forest of +Celidon; south of that was Sherwood forest. In Holland +there was the forest of “Haut Huntre” (its Norman +name); and there is a tradition, in our neighbourhood, of a +church, not far from Old Bolingbroke, being called “St. +Luke’s in the Forest,” now known as Stickney; this +name itself probably meaning a “sticken,” or staked, +island; a kind of preserved oasis, or clearing, in a wilderness +of wood and morass. <i>Architectural Society’s +Journal</i>, 1858, p. 231.</p> +<p><a name="footnote203a"></a><a href="#citation203a" +class="footnote">[203a]</a> This has also been quoted in +the Notes on High Toynton; and another case of a similar tenure +of land is mentioned in the Notes on Hameringham.</p> +<p><a name="footnote203b"></a><a href="#citation203b" +class="footnote">[203b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queues</i>, vol. iii, pp. 245–6.</p> +<p><a name="footnote203c"></a><a href="#citation203c" +class="footnote">[203c]</a> <i>Domesday Book</i>, +“Land of Robert Despenser.”</p> +<p><a name="footnote204"></a><a href="#citation204" +class="footnote">[204]</a> In <i>Domesday Book</i> the +chief features are “the woodland” and +“fisheries,” no less than 10 of the latter are named +as belonging to Robert Despenser.</p> +<p><a name="footnote205"></a><a href="#citation205" +class="footnote">[205]</a> Harleyan MS., No. 6829, pp. +179–182, given in Weir’s <i>History of +Horncastle</i>, pp. 50–53.</p> +<p><a name="footnote206a"></a><a href="#citation206a" +class="footnote">[206a]</a> In the reign of Mary Sir Edward +Dymoke married Anne, daughter of Sir G. Taillebois.</p> +<p><a name="footnote206b"></a><a href="#citation206b" +class="footnote">[206b]</a> <i>Gentleman’s +Magazine</i>, April, 1826.</p> +<p><a name="footnote207a"></a><a href="#citation207a" +class="footnote">[207a]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. ii, p. 108.</p> +<p><a name="footnote207b"></a><a href="#citation207b" +class="footnote">[207b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. iv, pp. 119–120.</p> +<p><a name="footnote208a"></a><a href="#citation208a" +class="footnote">[208a]</a> Mr. Tyrwhitt, like many other +clergy in his day, was non-resident; the duty being performed by +a curate, the Rev. W. Robinson, who held also the rectory of +Moorby, but resided in Horncastle.</p> +<p><a name="footnote208b"></a><a href="#citation208b" +class="footnote">[208b]</a> <i>Lincs. Notes & +Queries</i>, vol. ii, p. 39.</p> +<p><a name="footnote209"></a><a href="#citation209" +class="footnote">[209]</a> The writer of these notes in his +youth used to visit a farmer, living in the fen, whose father was +among the first to erect his farmstead in that locality. He +had first to solidify the site of his dwelling by importing soil +by boat; and, when that was effected, to import by boat all the +materials for the buildings; the construction of roads followed; +and thus in course of time a waste of morass became one of the +most fertile tracts in the country.</p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF HORNCASTLE***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 30358-h.htm or 30358-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/0/3/5/30358 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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