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+<title>SKETCHES NEW AND OLD, Part 4</title>
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+<tr><td>
+ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="p3.htm">Previous Part</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+</td><td>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="3189-h.htm">Main Index</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+</td><td>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="p5.htm">Next Part</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<center>
+<h1>SKETCHES NEW AND OLD
+</h1></center>
+
+<center><h3>by Mark Twain</h3></center>
+<br><br>
+
+<center><h3>Part 4.</h3></center>
+
+<br><br>
+
+
+
+<center><img alt="bookcover.jpg (224K)" src="images/bookcover.jpg" height="715" width="650"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><img alt="frontpiece.jpg (134K)" src="images/frontpiece.jpg" height="790" width="650"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><img alt="titlepage.jpg (38K)" src="images/titlepage.jpg" height="850" width="650"></center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+<h2>CONTENTS:</h2>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+<a href="#franklin">THE LATE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN</a><br><br>
+<a href="#bloke">MR. BLOKE'S ITEM</a><br><br>
+<a href="#medieval">A MEDIEVAL ROMANCE</a><br><br>
+<a href="#petition">PETITION CONCERNING COPYRIGHT</a><br><br>
+<a href="#afterdinner">AFTER-DINNER SPEECH</a><br><br>
+<a href="#murderers">LIONIZING MURDERERS</a><br><br>
+<a href="#newcrime">A NEW CRIME</a><br><br>
+<a href="#dream">A CURIOUS DREAM</a><br><br>
+<a href="#truestory">A TRUE STORY</a><br><br>
+
+
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="franklin"></a>THE LATE BENJAMIN FRANKLIN</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>[written about 1870]</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p275.jpg (93K)" src="images/p275.jpg" height="893" width="650">
+</center><br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>["Never put off till to-morrow what you can do day after to-morrow just
+as well."&mdash;B. F.]</p>
+
+<p>This party was one of those persons whom they call Philosophers. He was
+twins, being born simultaneously in two different houses in the city of
+Boston. These houses remain unto this day, and have signs upon them
+worded in accordance with the facts. The signs are considered well
+enough to have, though not necessary, because the inhabitants point out
+the two birthplaces to the stranger anyhow, and sometimes as often as
+several times in the same day. The subject of this memoir was of a
+vicious disposition, and early prostituted his talents to the invention
+of maxims and aphorisms calculated to inflict suffering upon the rising
+generation of all subsequent ages. His simplest acts, also, were
+contrived with a view to their being held up for the emulation of boys
+forever&mdash;boys who might otherwise have been happy. It was in this spirit
+that he became the son of a soap-boiler, and probably for no other reason
+than that the efforts of all future boys who tried to be anything might
+be looked upon with suspicion unless they were the sons of soap-boilers.
+With a malevolence which is without parallel in history, he would work
+all day, and then sit up nights, and let on to be studying algebra by the
+light of a smoldering fire, so that all other boys might have to do that
+also, or else have Benjamin Franklin thrown up to them.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p276.jpg (29K)" src="images/p276.jpg" height="445" width="355">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Not satisfied
+with these proceedings, he had a fashion of living wholly on bread and
+water, and studying astronomy at meal-time&mdash;a thing which has brought
+affliction to millions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's
+pernicious biography.</p>
+
+<p>His maxims were full of animosity toward boys. Nowadays a boy cannot
+follow out a single natural instinct without tumbling over some of those
+everlasting aphorisms and hearing from Franklin on the spot. If he buys
+two cents' worth of peanuts, his father says, "Remember what Franklin has
+said, my son&mdash;'A grout a day's a penny a year"'; and the comfort is all
+gone out of those peanuts. If he wants to spin his top when he has done
+work, his father quotes, "Procrastination is the thief of time." If he
+does a virtuous action, he never gets anything for it, because "Virtue is
+its own reward." And that boy is hounded to death and robbed of his
+natural rest, because Franklin, said once, in one of his inspired flights
+of malignity:</p>
+
+<center>
+<table summary="">
+<tr><td>
+
+<br> Early to bed and early to rise
+<br> Makes a man healthy and wealthy and wise.
+
+
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+</center>
+
+
+
+<p>As if it were any object to a boy to be healthy and wealthy and wise on
+such terms. The sorrow that that maxim has cost me, through my parents,
+experimenting on me with it, tongue cannot tell. The legitimate result is
+my present state of general debility, indigence, and mental aberration.
+My parents used to have me up before nine o'clock in the morning
+sometimes when I was a boy. If they had let me take my natural rest
+where would I have been now? Keeping store, no doubt, and respected by
+all.</p>
+
+<p>And what an adroit old adventurer the subject of this memoir was!
+In order to get a chance to fly his kite on Sunday he used to hang a key
+on the string and let on to be fishing for lightning. And a guileless
+public would go home chirping about the "wisdom" and the "genius" of the
+hoary Sabbath-breaker. If anybody caught him playing "mumblepeg" by
+himself, after the age of sixty, he would immediately appear to be
+ciphering out how the grass grew&mdash;as if it was any of his business.
+My grandfather knew him well, and he says Franklin was always
+fixed&mdash;always ready. If a body, during his old age, happened on him
+unexpectedly when he was catching flies, or making mud-pies, or sliding
+on a cellar door, he would immediately look wise, and rip out a maxim,
+and walk off with his nose in the air and his cap turned wrong side
+before, trying to appear absent-minded and eccentric. He was a hard lot.</p>
+
+<p>He invented a stove that would smoke your head off in four hours by the
+clock. One can see the almost devilish satisfaction he took in it by his
+giving it his name.</p>
+
+<p>He was always proud of telling how he entered Philadelphia for the first
+time, with nothing in the world but two shillings in his pocket and four
+rolls of bread under his arm. But really, when you come to examine it
+critically, it was nothing. Anybody could have done it.</p>
+
+<p>To the subject of this memoir belongs the honor of recommending the army
+to go back to bows and arrows in place of bayonets and muskets.
+He observed, with his customary force, that the bayonet was very well
+under some circumstances, but that he doubted whether it could be used
+with accuracy at a long range.</p>
+
+<p>Benjamin Franklin did a great many notable things for his country,
+and made her young name to be honored in many lands as the mother of such
+a son. It is not the idea of this memoir to ignore that or cover it up.
+No; the simple idea of it is to snub those pretentious maxims of his,
+which he worked up with a great show of originality out of truisms that
+had become wearisome platitudes as early as the dispersion from Babel;
+and also to snub his stove, and his military inspirations, his unseemly
+endeavor to make himself conspicuous when he entered Philadelphia, and
+his flying his kite and fooling away his time in all sorts of such ways
+when he ought to have been foraging for soap-fat, or constructing
+candles.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p278.jpg (24K)" src="images/p278.jpg" height="429" width="341">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>I merely desired to do away with somewhat of the prevalent
+calamitous idea among heads of families that Franklin acquired his great
+genius by working for nothing, studying by moonlight, and getting up in
+the night instead of waiting till morning like a Christian; and that this
+program, rigidly inflicted, will make a Franklin of every father's fool.
+It is time these gentlemen were finding out that these execrable
+eccentricities of instinct and conduct are only the evidences of genius,
+not the creators of it. I wish I had been the father of my parents long
+enough to make them comprehend this truth, and thus prepare them to let
+their son have an easier time of it. When I was a child I had to boil
+soap, notwithstanding my father was wealthy, and I had to get up early
+and study geometry at breakfast, and peddle my own poetry, and do
+everything just as Franklin did, in the solemn hope that I would be a
+Franklin some day. And here I am.</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p279.jpg (85K)" src="images/p279.jpg" height="880" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><img alt="p280.jpg (95K)" src="images/p280.jpg" height="837" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><img alt="p281.jpg (69K)" src="images/p281.jpg" height="965" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><img alt="p282.jpg (82K)" src="images/p282.jpg" height="799" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="bloke"></a>MR. BLOKE'S ITEM</h2></center>
+<br>
+<center><h3>[written about 1865]</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p167.jpg (130K)" src="images/p167.jpg" height="890" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Our esteemed friend, Mr. John William Bloke, of Virginia City, walked
+into the office where we are sub-editor at a late hour last night, with
+an expression of profound and heartfelt suffering upon his countenance,
+and, sighing heavily, laid the following item reverently upon the desk,
+and walked slowly out again. He paused a moment at the door, and seemed
+struggling to command his feelings sufficiently to enable him to speak,
+and then, nodding his head toward his manuscript, ejaculated in a broken
+voice, "Friend of mine&mdash;oh! how sad!" and burst into tears. We were so
+moved at his distress that we did not think to call him back and endeavor
+to comfort him until he was gone, and it was too late. The paper had
+already gone to press, but knowing that our friend would consider the
+publication of this item important, and cherishing the hope that to print
+it would afford a melancholy satisfaction to his sorrowing heart, we
+stopped the press at once and inserted it in our columns:</p>
+
+<blockquote><blockquote>
+<br> DISTRESSING ACCIDENT.&mdash;Last evening, about six o'clock, as Mr.
+ William Schuyler, an old and respectable citizen of South Park, was
+ leaving his residence to go down-town, as has been his usual custom
+ for many years with the exception only of a short interval in the
+ spring of 1850, during which he was confined to his bed by injuries
+ received in attempting to stop a runaway horse by thoughtlessly
+ placing himself directly in its wake and throwing up his hands and
+ shouting, which if he had done so even a single moment sooner, must
+ inevitably have frightened the animal still more instead of checking
+ its speed, although disastrous enough to himself as it was, and
+ rendered more melancholy and distressing by reason of the presence
+ of his wife's mother, who was there and saw the sad occurrence
+ notwithstanding it is at least likely, though not necessarily so,
+ that she should be reconnoitering in another direction when
+ incidents occur, not being vivacious and on the lookout, as a
+ general thing, but even the reverse, as her own mother is said to
+ have stated, who is no more, but died in the full hope of a glorious
+ resurrection, upwards of three years ago; aged eighty-six, being a
+ Christian woman and without guile, as it were, or property, in
+ consequence of the fire of 1849, which destroyed every single thing
+ she had in the world. But such is life. Let us all take warning by
+ this solemn occurrence, and let us endeavor so to conduct ourselves
+ that when we come to die we can do it. Let us place our hands upon
+ our heart, and say with earnestness and sincerity that from this day
+ forth we will beware of the intoxicating bowl.&mdash;'First Edition of
+ the Californian.'
+</blockquote></blockquote>
+
+<p>The head editor has been in here raising the mischief, and tearing his
+hair and kicking the furniture about, and abusing me like a pickpocket.
+He says that every time he leaves me in charge of the paper for half an
+hour I get imposed upon by the first infant or the first idiot that comes
+along. And he says that that distressing item of Mr. Bloke's is nothing
+but a lot of distressing bosh, and has no point to it, and no sense in
+it, and no information in it, and that there was no sort of necessity for
+stopping the press to publish it.</p>
+
+<p>Now all this comes of being good-hearted. If I had been as
+unaccommodating and unsympathetic as some people, I would have told
+Mr. Bloke that I wouldn't receive his communication at such a late hour;
+but no, his snuffling distress touched my heart, and I jumped at the
+chance of doing something to modify his misery. I never read his item to
+see whether there was anything wrong about it, but hastily wrote the few
+lines which preceded it, and sent it to the printers. And what has my
+kindness done for me? It has done nothing but bring down upon me a storm
+of abuse and ornamental blasphemy.</p>
+
+<p>Now I will read that item myself, and see if there is any foundation for
+all this fuss. And if there is, the author of it shall hear from me.</p>
+
+<p>I have read it, and I am bound to admit that it seems a little mixed at a
+first glance. However, I will peruse it once more.</p>
+
+<p>I have read it again, and it does really seem a good deal more mixed than
+ever.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p169.jpg (60K)" src="images/p169.jpg" height="557" width="561">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>I have read it over five times, but if I can get at the meaning of it I
+wish I may get my just deserts. It won't bear analysis. There are
+things about it which I cannot understand at all. It don't say whatever
+became of William Schuyler. It just says enough about him to get one
+interested in his career, and then drops him. Who is William Schuyler,
+anyhow, and what part of South Park did he live in, and if he started
+down-town at six o'clock, did he ever get there, and if he did, did
+anything happen to him? Is he the individual that met with the
+"distressing accident"? Considering the elaborate circumstantiality of
+detail observable in the item, it seems to me that it ought to contain
+more information than it does. On the contrary, it is obscure&mdash;and not
+only obscure, but utterly incomprehensible. Was the breaking of Mr.
+Schuyler's leg, fifteen years ago, the "distressing accident" that
+plunged Mr. Bloke into unspeakable grief, and caused him to come up here
+at dead of night and stop our press to acquaint the world with the
+circumstance? Or did the "distressing accident" consist in the
+destruction of Schuyler's mother-in-law's property in early times?
+Or did it consist in the death of that person herself three years ago
+(albeit it does not appear that she died by accident)? In a word, what
+did that "distressing accident" consist in? What did that driveling ass
+of a Schuyler stand in the wake of a runaway horse for, with his shouting
+and gesticulating, if he wanted to stop him? And how the mischief could
+he get run over by a horse that had already passed beyond him? And what
+are we to take "warning" by? And how is this extraordinary chapter of
+incomprehensibilities going to be a "lesson" to us? And, above all, what
+has the intoxicating "bowl" got to do with it, anyhow? It is not stated
+that Schuyler drank, or that his wife drank, or that his mother-in-law
+drank, or that the horse drank&mdash;wherefore, then, the reference to the
+intoxicating bowl? It does seem to me that if Mr. Bloke had let the
+intoxicating bowl alone himself, he never would have got into so much
+trouble about this exasperating imaginary accident. I have read this
+absurd item over and over again, with all its insinuating plausibility,
+until my head swims; but I can make neither head nor tail of it. There
+certainly seems to have been an accident of some kind or other, but it is
+impossible to determine what the nature of it was, or who was the
+sufferer by it. I do not like to do it, but I feel compelled to request
+that the next time anything happens to one of Mr. Bloke's friends, he
+will append such explanatory notes to his account of it as will enable me
+to find out what sort of an accident it was and whom it happened to. I
+had rather all his friends should die than that I should be driven to the
+verge of lunacy again in trying to cipher out the meaning of another such
+production as the above.</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="medieval"></a>A MEDIEVAL ROMANCE [written about 1868]
+</h2>
+</center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p171.jpg (95K)" src="images/p171.jpg" height="856" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<center><h3>CHAPTER I.
+<br><br>
+THE SECRET REVEALED.</h3></center>
+
+<p>It was night. Stillness reigned in the grand old feudal castle of
+Klugenstein. The year 1222 was drawing to a close. Far away up in the
+tallest of the castle's towers a single light glimmered. A secret
+council was being held there. The stern old lord of Klugenstein sat in
+a chair of state meditating. Presently he said, with a tender
+accent:</p>
+
+<p>"My daughter!"</p>
+
+<p>A young man of noble presence, clad from head to heel in knightly mail,
+answered:</p>
+
+<p>"Speak, father!"</p>
+
+<p>"My daughter, the time is come for the revealing of the mystery that hath
+puzzled all your young life. Know, then, that it had its birth in the
+matters which I shall now unfold. My brother Ulrich is the great Duke of
+Brandenburgh. Our father, on his deathbed, decreed that if no son were
+born to Ulrich, the succession should pass to my house, provided a son
+were born to me. And further, in case no son were born to either, but
+only daughters, then the succession should pass to Ulrich's daughter,
+if she proved stainless; if she did not, my daughter should succeed,
+if she retained a blameless name. And so I, and my old wife here, prayed
+fervently for the good boon of a son, but the prayer was vain. You were
+born to us. I was in despair. I saw the mighty prize slipping from my
+grasp&mdash;the splendid dream vanishing away. And I had been so hopeful!
+Five years had Ulrich lived in wedlock, and yet his wife had borne no
+heir of either sex.</p>
+
+<p>"'But hold,' I said, 'all is not lost.' A saving scheme had shot athwart
+my brain. You were born at midnight. Only the leech, the nurse, and six
+waiting-women knew your sex. I hanged them every one before an hour had
+sped. Next morning all the barony went mad with rejoicing over the
+proclamation that a son was born to Klugenstein&mdash;an heir to mighty
+Brandenburgh! And well the secret has been kept. Your mother's own
+sister nursed your infancy, and from that time forward we feared nothing.</p>
+
+<p>"When you were ten years old, a daughter was born to Ulrich. We grieved,
+but hoped for good results from measles, or physicians, or other natural
+enemies of infancy, but were always disappointed. She lived, she
+throve&mdash;Heaven's malison upon her! But it is nothing. We are safe. For,
+Ha-ha! have we not a son? And is not our son the future Duke? Our
+well-beloved Conrad, is it not so?&mdash;for, woman
+of eight-and-twenty years&mdash;as
+you are, my child, none other name than that hath ever fallen to you!</p>
+
+<p>"Now it hath come to pass that age hath laid its hand upon my brother,
+and he waxes feeble. The cares of state do tax him sore, therefore he
+wills that you shall come to him and be already&mdash;Duke in act, though not
+yet in name. Your servitors are ready&mdash;you journey forth to-night.</p>
+
+<p>"Now listen well. Remember every word I say. There is a law as old as
+Germany, that if any woman sit for a single instant in the great ducal
+chair before she hath been absolutely crowned in presence of the people,
+SHE SHALL DIE! So heed my words. Pretend humility. Pronounce your
+judgments from the Premier's chair, which stands at the foot of the
+throne. Do this until you are crowned and safe. It is not likely that
+your sex will ever be discovered, but still it is the part of wisdom to
+make all things as safe as may be in this treacherous earthly life."</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, my father, is it for this my life hath been a lie! Was it that I
+might cheat my unoffending cousin of her rights? Spare me, father,
+spare your child!"</p>
+
+<p>"What, hussy! Is this my reward for the august fortune my brain has
+wrought for thee? By the bones of my father, this puling sentiment of
+thine but ill accords with my humor.</p>
+
+<p>"Betake thee to the Duke, instantly! And beware how thou meddlest with my
+purpose!"</p>
+
+<p>Let this suffice, of the conversation. It is enough for us to know that
+the prayers, the entreaties, and the tears of the gentle-natured girl
+availed nothing. Neither they nor anything could move the stout old lord of
+Klugenstein. And so, at last, with a heavy heart, the daughter saw the
+castle gates close behind her, and found herself riding away in the
+darkness surrounded by a knightly array of armed vassals and a brave
+following of servants.</p>
+
+<p>The old baron sat silent for many minutes after his daughter's departure,
+and then he turned to his sad wife and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Dame, our matters seem speeding fairly. It is full three months since I
+sent the shrewd and handsome Count Detzin on his devilish mission to my
+brother's daughter Constance. If he fail, we are not wholly safe; but if
+he do succeed, no power can bar our girl from being Duchess e'en though
+ill-fortune should decree she never should be Duke!"</p>
+
+<p>"My heart is full of bodings, yet all may still be well."</p>
+
+<p>"Tush, woman! Leave the owls to croak. To bed with ye, and dream of
+Brandenburgh and grandeur!"</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br>
+<center><h3>CHAPTER II.
+<br><br>
+FESTIVITY AND TEARS</h3></center>
+
+<p>Six days after the occurrences related in the above chapter, the
+brilliant capital of the Duchy of Brandenburgh was resplendent with
+military pageantry, and noisy with the rejoicings of loyal multitudes,
+for Conrad, the young heir to the crown, was come. The old duke's heart
+was full of happiness, for Conrad's handsome person and graceful bearing
+had won his love at once. The great halls of the palace were thronged
+with nobles, who welcomed Conrad bravely; and so bright and happy did all
+things seem, that he felt his fears and sorrows passing away and giving
+place to a comforting contentment.</p>
+
+<p>But in a remote apartment of the palace a scene of a different nature
+was transpiring. By a window stood the duke's only child, the Lady
+Constance. Her eyes were red and swollen, and full of tears. She was
+alone. Presently she fell to weeping anew, and said aloud:</p>
+
+<p>"The villain Detzin is gone&mdash;has fled the dukedom! I could not believe
+it at first, but alas! it is too true. And I loved him so. I dared to
+love him though I knew the duke, my father, would never let me wed him.
+I loved him&mdash;but now I hate him! With all my soul I hate him! Oh, what
+is to become of me! I am lost, lost, lost! I shall go mad!"</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br>
+<center><h3>CHAPTER III.
+<br><br>
+THE PLOT THICKENS</h3></center>
+
+
+<p>Few months drifted by. All men published the praises of the young
+Conrad's government and extolled the wisdom of his judgments, the
+mercifulness of his sentences, and the modesty with which he bore himself
+in his great office. The old duke soon gave everything into his hands,
+and sat apart and listened with proud satisfaction while his heir
+delivered the decrees of the crown from the seat of the premier.
+It seemed plain that one so loved and praised and honored of all men
+as Conrad was, could not be otherwise than happy. But, strangly enough,
+he was not. For he saw with dismay that the Princess Constance had begun
+to love him! The love of the rest of the world was happy fortune for
+him, but this was freighted with danger! And he saw, moreover, that the
+delighted duke had discovered his daughter's passion likewise, and was
+already dreaming of a marriage. Every day somewhat of the deep sadness
+that had been in the princess's face faded away; every day hope and
+animation beamed brighter from her eye; and by and by even vagrant smiles
+visited the face that had been so troubled.</p>
+
+<p>Conrad was appalled. He bitterly cursed himself for having yielded to
+the instinct that had made him seek the companionship of one of his own
+sex when he was new and a stranger in the palace&mdash;when he was sorrowful
+and yearned for a sympathy such as only women can give or feel. He now
+began to avoid his cousin. But this only made matters worse, for,
+naturally enough, the more he avoided her the more she cast herself in
+his way. He marveled at this at first, and next it startled him. The
+girl haunted him; she hunted him; she happened upon him at all times and
+in all places, in the night as well as in the day. She seemed singularly
+anxious. There was surely a mystery somewhere.</p>
+
+<p>This could not go on forever. All the world was talking about it. The
+duke was beginning to look perplexed. Poor Conrad was becoming a very
+ghost through dread and dire distress. One day as he was emerging from a
+private ante-room attached to the picture-gallery, Constance confronted
+him, and seizing both his hands, in hers, exclaimed:</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, why do you avoid me? What have I done&mdash;what have I said, to lose
+your kind opinion of me&mdash;for surely I had it once? Conrad, do not
+despise me, but pity a tortured heart? I cannot,&mdash;cannot hold the words
+unspoken longer, lest they kill me&mdash;I LOVE YOU, CONRAD! There, despise
+me if you must, but they would be uttered!"</p>
+
+<p>Conrad was speechless. Constance hesitated a moment, and then,
+misinterpreting his silence, a wild gladness flamed in her eyes, and she
+flung her arms about his neck and said:</p>
+
+<p>"You relent! you relent! You can love me&mdash;you will love me! Oh, say you
+will, my own, my worshipped Conrad!"</p>
+
+<p>Conrad groaned aloud. A sickly pallor overspread his countenance, and
+he trembled like an aspen. Presently, in desperation, he thrust the poor
+girl from him, and cried:</p>
+
+<p>"You know not what you ask! It is forever and ever impossible!" And then
+he fled like a criminal, and left the princess stupefied with amazement.
+A minute afterward she was crying and sobbing there, and Conrad was
+crying and sobbing in his chamber. Both were in despair. Both saw ruin
+staring them in the face.</p>
+
+<p>By and by Constance rose slowly to her feet and moved away, saying:</p>
+
+<p>"To think that he was despising my love at the very moment that I thought
+it was melting his cruel heart! I hate him! He spurned me&mdash;did this
+man&mdash;he spurned me from him like a dog!"</p>
+
+<br><br><br>
+<center><h3>CHAPTER IV.
+<br><br>
+THE AWFUL REVELATION</h3></center>
+
+
+<p>Time passed on. A settled sadness rested once more upon the countenance
+of the good duke's daughter. She and Conrad were seen together no more
+now. The duke grieved at this. But as the weeks wore away, Conrad's
+color came back to his cheeks and his old-time vivacity to his eye, and
+he administered the government with a clear and steadily ripening wisdom.</p>
+
+<p>Presently a strange whisper began to be heard about the palace. It grew
+louder; it spread farther. The gossips of the city got hold of it. It
+swept the dukedom. And this is what the whisper said:</p>
+
+<p>"The Lady Constance hath given birth to a child!"</p>
+
+<p>When the lord of Klugenstein heard it, he swung his plumed helmet thrice
+around his head and shouted:</p>
+
+<p>"Long live Duke Conrad!&mdash;for lo, his crown is sure from this day
+forward! Detzin has done his errand well, and the good scoundrel shall
+be rewarded!"</p>
+
+<p>And he spread the tidings far and wide, and for eight-and-forty hours no
+soul in all the barony but did dance and sing, carouse and illuminate, to
+celebrate the great event, and all at proud and happy old Klugenstein's
+expense.</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br>
+<center><h3>CHAPTER V.
+<br><br>
+THE FRIGHTFUL CATASTROPHE</h3></center>
+
+
+<p>The trial was at hand. All the great lords and barons of Brandenburgh
+were assembled in the Hall of Justice in the ducal palace. No space was
+left unoccupied where there was room for a spectator to stand or sit.
+Conrad, clad in purple and ermine, sat in the Premier's chair, and on
+either side sat the great judges of the realm. The old Duke had sternly
+commanded that the trial of his daughter should proceed without favor,
+and then had taken to his bed broken-hearted. His days were numbered.
+Poor Conrad had begged, as for his very life, that he might be spared the
+misery of sitting in judgment upon his cousin's crime, but it did not
+avail.</p>
+
+<p>The saddest heart in all that great assemblage was in Conrad's breast.</p>
+
+<p>The gladdest was in his father's, for unknown to his daughter "Conrad,"
+the old Baron Klugenstein was come, and was among the crowd of nobles,
+triumphant in the swelling fortunes of his house.</p>
+
+<p>After the heralds had made due proclamation and the other preliminaries
+had followed, the venerable Lord Chief justice said:</p>
+
+<p>"Prisoner, stand forth!"</p>
+
+<p>The unhappy princess rose, and stood unveiled before the vast multitude.
+The Lord Chief Justice continued:</p>
+
+<p>"Most noble lady, before the great judges of this realm it hath been
+charged and proven that out of holy wedlock your Grace hath given birth
+unto a child; and by our ancient law the penalty is death, excepting in
+one sole contingency whereof his Grace the acting Duke, our good Lord
+Conrad, will advertise you in his solemn sentence now; wherefore, give
+heed."</p>
+
+<p>Conrad stretched forth the reluctant sceptre, and in the selfsame moment
+the womanly heart beneath his robe yearned pityingly toward the doomed
+prisoner, and the tears came into his eyes. He opened his lips to speak,
+but the Lord Chief Justice said quickly:</p>
+
+<p>"Not there, your Grace, not there! It is not lawful to pronounce
+judgment upon any of the ducal line SAVE FROM THE DUCAL THRONE!"</p>
+
+<p>A shudder went to the heart of poor Conrad, and a tremor shook the iron
+frame of his old father likewise. CONRAD HAD NOT BEEN CROWNED&mdash;dared he
+profane the throne? He hesitated and turned pale with fear. But it must
+be done. Wondering eyes were already upon him. They would be suspicious
+eyes if he hesitated longer. He ascended the throne. Presently he
+stretched forth the sceptre again, and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Prisoner, in the name of our sovereign lord, Ulrich, Duke of
+Brandenburgh, I proceed to the solemn duty that hath devolved upon me.
+Give heed to my words. By the ancient law of the land, except you
+produce the partner of your guilt and deliver him up to the executioner,
+you must surely die. Embrace this opportunity&mdash;save yourself while yet
+you may. Name the father of your child!"</p>
+
+<p>A solemn hush fell upon the great court&mdash;a silence so profound that men
+could hear their own hearts beat. Then the princess slowly turned, with
+eyes gleaming with hate, and pointing her finger straight at Conrad,
+said:</p>
+
+<p>"Thou art the man!"</p>
+
+<p>An appalling conviction of his helpless, hopeless peril struck a chill to
+Conrad's heart like the chill of death itself. What power on earth could
+save him! To disprove the charge he must reveal that he was a woman;
+and for an uncrowned woman to sit in the ducal chair was death! At one
+and the same moment he and his grim old father swooned and fell to the
+ground.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p178.jpg (128K)" src="images/p178.jpg" height="576" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>The remainder of this thrilling and eventful story will NOT be found in
+this or any other publication, either now or at any future time.</p>
+
+<p>The truth is, I have got my hero (or heroine) into such a particularly
+close place that I do not see how I am ever going to get him (or her)
+out of it again&mdash;and therefore I will wash my hands of the whole
+business, and leave that person to get out the best way that offers&mdash;or
+else stay there. I thought it was going to be easy enough to straighten
+out that little difficulty, but it looks different now.</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="petition"></a>PETITION CONCERNING COPYRIGHT
+</h2></center>
+<center><h3>TO THE HONORABLE THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
+IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p><b>Whereas</b>, The Constitution guarantees equal rights to all, backed by the
+Declaration of Independence; and</p>
+
+<p><b>Whereas</b>, Under our laws, the right of property in real estate is
+perpetual; and</p>
+
+<p><b>Whereas</b>, Under our laws, the right of property in the literary result of
+a citizen's intellectual labor is restricted to forty-two years; and</p>
+
+<p><b>Whereas</b>, Forty-two years seems an exceedingly just and righteous term,
+and a sufficiently long one for the retention of property;</p>
+
+<p><b>Therefore</b>, Your petitioner, having the good of his country solely at
+heart, humbly prays that "equal rights" and fair and equal treatment may
+be meted out to all citizens, by the restriction of rights in all
+property, real estate included, to the beneficent term of forty-two
+years. Then shall all men bless your honorable body and be happy. And
+for this will your petitioner ever pray.
+<br><br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+MARK TWAIN.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<br><br><br>
+<center><h3>A PARAGRAPH NOT ADDED TO THE PETITION</h3>
+</center>
+
+<p>The charming absurdity of restricting property-rights in books to
+forty-two years sticks prominently out in the fact that hardly any man's
+books ever live forty-two years, or even the half of it; and so, for the
+sake of getting a shabby advantage of the heirs of about one Scott or
+Burns or Milton in a hundred years, the lawmakers of the "Great" Republic
+are content to leave that poor little pilfering edict upon the
+statute-books. It is like an emperor lying in wait to rob a phoenix's
+nest, and waiting the necessary century to get the chance.</p>
+
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="afterdinner"></a>AFTER-DINNER SPEECH
+</h2></center>
+<center><h3>[AT A FOURTH OF JULY GATHERING, IN LONDON, OF AMERICANS]
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<p>MR. CHAIRMAN AND LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: I thank you for the compliment
+which has just been tendered me, and to show my appreciation of it I will
+not afflict you with many words. It is pleasant to celebrate in this
+peaceful way, upon this old mother soil, the anniversary of an experiment
+which was born of war with this same land so long ago, and wrought out to
+a successful issue by the devotion of our ancestors. It has taken nearly
+a hundred years to bring the English and Americans into kindly and
+mutually appreciative relations, but I believe it has been accomplished
+at last. It was a great step when the two last misunderstandings were
+settled by arbitration instead of cannon. It is another great step when
+England adopts our sewing-machines without claiming the invention&mdash;as
+usual. It was another when they imported one of our sleeping-cars the
+other day. And it warmed my heart more than I can tell, yesterday, when
+I witnessed the spectacle of an Englishman ordering an American sherry
+cobbler of his own free will and accord&mdash;and not only that but with a
+great brain and a level head reminding the barkeeper not to forget the
+strawberries. With a common origin, a common language, a common
+literature, a common religion and&mdash;common drinks, what is longer needful
+to the cementing of the two nations together in a permanent bond of
+brotherhood?</p>
+
+<p>This is an age of progress, and ours is a progressive land. A great and
+glorious land, too&mdash;a land which has developed a Washington, a Franklin,
+a William M. Tweed, a Longfellow, a Motley, a Jay Gould, a Samuel C.
+Pomeroy, a recent Congress which has never had its equal (in some
+respects), and a United States Army which conquered sixty Indians in
+eight months by tiring them out&mdash;which is much better than uncivilized
+slaughter, God knows. We have a criminal jury system which is superior
+to any in the world; and its efficiency is only marred by the difficulty
+of finding twelve men every day who don't know anything and can't read.
+And I may observe that we have an insanity plea that would have saved
+Cain. I think I can say, and say with pride, that we have some
+legislatures that bring higher prices than any in the world.</p>
+
+<p>I refer with effusion to our railway system, which consents to let us
+live, though it might do the opposite, being our owners. It only
+destroyed three thousand and seventy lives last year by collisions, and
+twenty-seven thousand two hundred and sixty by running over heedless and
+unnecessary people at crossings. The companies seriously regretted the
+killing of these thirty thousand people, and went so far as to pay for
+some of them&mdash;voluntarily, of course, for the meanest of us would not
+claim that we possess a court treacherous enough to enforce a law against
+a railway company. But, thank Heaven, the railway companies are
+generally disposed to do the right and kindly thing without compulsion.
+I know of an instance which greatly touched me at the time. After an
+accident the company sent home the remains of a dear distant old relative
+of mine in a basket, with the remark, "Please state what figure you hold
+him at&mdash;and return the basket." Now there couldn't be anything
+friendlier than that.</p>
+
+<p>But I must not stand here and brag all night. However, you won't mind a
+body bragging a little about his country on the fourth of July. It is a
+fair and legitimate time to fly the eagle. I will say only one more word
+of brag&mdash;and a hopeful one. It is this. We have a form of government
+which gives each man a fair chance and no favor. With us no individual
+is born with a right to look down upon his neighbor and hold him in
+contempt. Let such of us as are not dukes find our consolation in that.
+And we may find hope for the future in the fact that as unhappy as is the
+condition of our political morality to-day, England has risen up out of
+a far fouler since the days when Charles I. ennobled courtesans and all
+political place was a matter of bargain and sale. There is hope for us
+yet.</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p> [At least the above is the speech which I was going to make, but our
+ minister, General Schenck, presided, and after the blessing, got up
+ and made a great long inconceivably dull harangue, and wound up by
+ saying that inasmuch as speech-making did not seem to exhilarate the
+ guests much, all further oratory would be dispensed with during the
+ evening, and we could just sit and talk privately to our
+ elbow-neighbors and have a good sociable time. It is known that in
+ consequence of that remark forty-four perfected speeches died in the
+ womb. The depression, the gloom, the solemnity that reigned over
+ the banquet from that time forth will be a lasting memory with many
+ that were there. By that one thoughtless remark General Schenck
+ lost forty-four of the best friends he had in England. More than
+ one said that night, "And this is the sort of person that is sent to
+ represent us in a great sister empire!"]</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="murderers"></a>LIONIZING MURDERERS
+</h2></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p182.jpg (135K)" src="images/p182.jpg" height="880" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>I had heard so much about the celebrated fortune-teller Madame&mdash;
+&mdash;, that
+I went to see her yesterday. She has a dark complexion naturally, and
+this effect is heightened by artificial aids which cost her nothing.
+She wears curls&mdash;very black ones, and I had an impression that she gave
+their native attractiveness a lift with rancid butter. She wears a
+reddish check handkerchief, cast loosely around her neck, and it was
+plain that her other one is slow getting back from the wash. I presume
+she takes snuff. At any rate, something resembling it had lodged among
+the hairs sprouting from her upper lip. I know she likes garlic&mdash;I knew
+that as soon as she sighed. She looked at me searchingly for nearly a
+minute, with her black eyes, and then said:</p>
+
+<p>"It is enough. Come!"</p>
+
+<p>She started down a very dark and dismal corridor&mdash;I stepping close after
+her. Presently she stopped, and said that, as the way was so crooked and
+dark, perhaps she had better get a light. But it seemed ungallant to
+allow a woman to put herself to so much trouble for me, and so I said:</p>
+
+<p>"It is not worth while, madam. If you will heave another sigh, I think I
+can follow it."</p>
+
+<p>So we got along all right. Arrived at her official and mysterious den,
+she asked me to tell her the date of my birth, the exact hour of that
+occurrence, and the color of my grandmother's hair. I answered as
+accurately as I could. Then she said:</p>
+
+<p>"Young man, summon your fortitude&mdash;do not tremble. I am about to reveal
+the past."</p>
+
+<p>"Information concerning the future would be, in a general way, more&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Silence! You have had much trouble, some joy, some good fortune, some
+bad. Your great grandfather was hanged."</p>
+
+<p>"That is a l&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Silence! Hanged sir. But it was not his fault. He could not help it."</p>
+
+<p>"I am glad you do him justice."</p>
+
+<p>"Ah&mdash;grieve, rather, that the jury did. He was hanged. His star crosses
+yours in the fourth division, fifth sphere. Consequently you will be
+hanged also."</p>
+
+<p>"In view of this cheerful&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"I must have silence. Yours was not, in the beginning, a criminal
+nature, but circumstances changed it. At the age of nine you stole
+sugar. At the age of fifteen you stole money. At twenty you stole
+horses. At twenty-five you committed arson. At thirty, hardened in
+crime, you became an editor. You are now a public lecturer. Worse
+things are in store for you. You will be sent to Congress. Next, to the
+penitentiary. Finally, happiness will come again&mdash;all will be well&mdash;you
+will be hanged."</p>
+
+<p>I was now in tears. It seemed hard enough to go to Congress; but to be
+hanged&mdash;this was too sad, too dreadful. The woman seemed surprised at my
+grief. I told her the thoughts that were in my mind. Then she comforted
+me.</p>
+
+<p>"Why, man," she said, "hold up your head&mdash;you have nothing to grieve
+about. Listen.</p>
+
+<p>&mdash;[In this paragraph the fortune-teller details the exact history of the
+Pike-Brown assassination case in New Hampshire, from the succoring and
+saving of the stranger Pike by the Browns, to the subsequent hanging and
+coffining of that treacherous miscreant. She adds nothing, invents
+nothing, exaggerates nothing (see any New England paper for November,
+1869). This Pike-Brown case is selected merely as a type, to illustrate
+a custom that prevails, not in New Hampshire alone, but in every state in
+the Union&mdash;I mean the sentimental custom of visiting, petting,
+glorifying, and snuffling over murderers like this Pike, from the day
+they enter the jail under sentence of death until they swing from the
+gallows. The following extract from the Temple Bar (1866) reveals the
+fact that this custom is not confined to the United States.&mdash;"on December
+31, 1841, a man named John Johnes, a shoemaker, murdered his sweetheart,
+Mary Hallam, the daughter of a respectable laborer, at Mansfield, in the
+county of Nottingham. He was executed on March 23, 1842. He was a man
+of unsteady habits, and gave way to violent fits of passion. The girl
+declined his addresses, and he said if he did not have her no one else
+should. After he had inflicted the first wound, which was not
+immediately fatal, she begged for her life, but seeing him resolved,
+asked for time to pray. He said that he would pray for both, and
+completed the crime. The wounds were inflicted by a shoemaker's knife,
+and her throat was cut barbarously. After this he dropped on his knees
+some time, and prayed God to have mercy on two unfortunate lovers.
+He made no attempt to escape, and confessed the crime. After his
+imprisonment he behaved in a most decorous manner; he won upon the good
+opinion of the jail chaplain, and he was visited by the Bishop of
+Lincoln. It does not appear that he expressed any contrition for the
+crime, but seemed to pass away with triumphant certainty that he was
+going to rejoin his victim in heaven. He was visited by some pious and
+benevolent ladies of Nottingham, some of whom declared he was a child of
+God, if ever there was one. One of the ladies sent him a white camellia
+to wear at his execution."]</p>
+
+<p>"You will live in New Hampshire. In your sharp need and distress the
+Brown family will succor you&mdash;such of them as Pike the assassin left
+alive. They will be benefactors to you. When you shall have grown fat
+upon their bounty, and are grateful and happy, you will desire to make
+some modest return for these things, and so you will go to the house some
+night and brain the whole family with an ax. You will rob the dead
+bodies of your benefactors, and disburse your gains in riotous living
+among the rowdies and courtesans of Boston. Then you will be arrested,
+tried, condemned to be hanged, thrown into prison. Now is your happy
+day. You will be converted&mdash;you will be converted just as soon as
+every effort to compass pardon, commutation, or reprieve has failed&mdash;and
+then!&mdash;Why, then, every morning and every afternoon, the best and purest
+young ladies of the village will assemble in your cell and sing hymns.
+This will show that assassination is respectable. Then you will write a
+touching letter, in which you will forgive all those recent Browns. This
+will excite the public admiration. No public can withstand magnanimity.
+Next, they will take you to the scaffold, with great éclat, at the head
+of an imposing procession composed of clergymen, officials, citizens
+generally, and young ladies walking pensively two and two, and bearing
+bouquets and immortelles. You will mount the scaffold, and while the
+great concourse stand uncovered in your presence, you will read your
+sappy little speech which the minister has written for you. And then, in
+the midst of a grand and impressive silence, they will swing you into
+per&mdash;Paradise, my son. There will not be a dry eye on the ground. You
+will be a hero! Not a rough there but will envy you. Not a rough there
+but will resolve to emulate you. And next, a great procession will
+follow you to the tomb&mdash;will weep over your remains&mdash;the young ladies
+will sing again the hymns made dear by sweet associations connected with
+the jail, and, as a last tribute of affection, respect, and appreciation
+of your many sterling qualities, they will walk two and two around your
+bier, and strew wreaths of flowers on it. And lo! you are canonized.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p185.jpg (65K)" src="images/p185.jpg" height="438" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Think of it, son-ingrate, assassin, robber of the dead, drunken brawler
+among thieves and harlots in the slums of Boston one month, and the pet
+of the pure and innocent daughters of the land the next! A bloody and
+hateful devil&mdash;a bewept, bewailed, and sainted martyr&mdash;all in a month!
+Fool!&mdash;so noble a fortune, and yet you sit here grieving!"</p>
+
+<p>"No, madam," I said, "you do me wrong, you do, indeed. I am perfectly
+satisfied. I did not know before that my great-grandfather was hanged,
+but it is of no consequence. He has probably ceased to bother about it
+by this time&mdash;and I have not commenced yet. I confess, madam, that I do
+something in the way of editing and lecturing, but the other crimes you
+mention have escaped my memory. Yet I must have committed them&mdash;you
+would not deceive a stranger. But let the past be as it was, and let the
+future be as it may&mdash;these are nothing. I have only cared for one thing.
+I have always felt that I should be hanged some day, and somehow the
+thought has annoyed me considerably; but if you can only assure me that I
+shall be hanged in New Hampshire&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>"Not a shadow of a doubt!"</p>
+
+<p>"Bless you, my benefactress!&mdash;excuse this embrace&mdash;you have removed a
+great load from my breast. To be hanged in New Hampshire is
+happiness&mdash;it leaves an honored name behind a man, and introduces him at once into
+the best New Hampshire society in the other world."</p>
+
+<p>I then took leave of the fortune-teller. But, seriously, is it well to
+glorify a murderous villain on the scaffold, as Pike was glorified in New
+Hampshire? Is it well to turn the penalty for a bloody crime into a
+reward? Is it just to do it? Is it safe?</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="newcrime"></a>A NEW CRIME
+</h2></center>
+<center><h3>LEGISLATION NEEDED
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p187.jpg (139K)" src="images/p187.jpg" height="856" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>This country, during the last thirty or forty years, has produced some of
+the most remarkable cases of insanity of which there is any mention in
+history. For instance, there was the Baldwin case, in Ohio, twenty-two
+years ago. Baldwin, from his boyhood up, had been of a vindictive,
+malignant, quarrelsome nature. He put a boy's eye out once, and never
+was heard upon any occasion to utter a regret for it. He did many such
+things. But at last he did something that was serious. He called at a
+house just after dark one evening, knocked, and when the occupant came to
+the door, shot him dead, and then tried to escape, but was captured.
+Two days before, he had wantonly insulted a helpless cripple, and the man
+he afterward took swift vengeance upon with an assassin bullet had
+knocked him down. Such was the Baldwin case. The trial was long and
+exciting; the community was fearfully wrought up. Men said this
+spiteful, bad-hearted villain had caused grief enough in his time, and
+now he should satisfy the law. But they were mistaken; Baldwin was
+insane when he did the deed&mdash;they had not thought of that. By the
+argument of counsel it was shown that at half past ten in the morning on
+the day of the murder, Baldwin became insane, and remained so for eleven
+hours and a half exactly. This just covered the case comfortably, and he
+was acquitted. Thus, if an unthinking and excited community had been
+listened to instead of the arguments of counsel, a poor crazy creature
+would have been held to a fearful responsibility for a mere freak of
+madness. Baldwin went clear, and although his relatives and friends were
+naturally incensed against the community for their injurious suspicions
+and remarks, they said let it go for this time, and did not prosecute.
+The Baldwins were very wealthy. This same Baldwin had momentary fits of
+insanity twice afterward, and on both occasions killed people he had
+grudges against. And on both these occasions the circumstances of the
+killing were so aggravated, and the murders so seemingly heartless and
+treacherous, that if Baldwin had not been insane he would have been
+hanged without the shadow of a doubt. As it was, it required all his
+political and family influence to get him clear in one of the cases, and
+cost him not less than ten thousand dollars to get clear in the other.
+One of these men he had notoriously been threatening to kill for twelve
+years. The poor creature happened, by the merest piece of ill fortune,
+to come along a dark alley at the very moment that Baldwin's insanity
+came upon him, and so he was shot in the back with a gun loaded with
+slugs.</p>
+
+<p>Take the case of Lynch Hackett, of Pennsylvania. Twice, in public, he
+attacked a German butcher by the name of Bemis Feldner, with a cane, and
+both times Feldner whipped him with his fists. Hackett was a vain,
+wealthy, violent gentleman, who held his blood and family in high esteem,
+and believed that a reverent respect was due to his great riches. He
+brooded over the shame of his chastisement for two weeks, and then, in a
+momentary fit of insanity, armed himself to the teeth, rode into town,
+waited a couple of hours until he saw Feldner coming down the street with
+his wife on his arm, and then, as the couple passed the doorway in which
+he had partially concealed himself, he drove a knife into Feldner's neck,
+killing him instantly. The widow caught the limp form and eased it to
+the earth. Both were drenched with blood. Hackett jocosely remarked to
+her that as a professional butcher's recent wife she could appreciate the
+artistic neatness of the job that left her in condition to marry again,
+in case she wanted to. This remark, and another which he made to a
+friend, that his position in society made the killing of an obscure
+citizen simply an "eccentricity" instead of a crime, were shown to be
+evidences of insanity, and so Hackett escaped punishment. The jury were
+hardly inclined to accept these as proofs at first, inasmuch as the
+prisoner had never been insane before the murder, and under the
+tranquilizing effect of the butchering had immediately regained his right
+mind; but when the defense came to show that a third cousin of Hackett's
+wife's stepfather was insane, and not only insane, but had a nose the
+very counterpart of Hackett's, it was plain that insanity was hereditary
+in the family, and Hackett had come by it by legitimate inheritance.</p>
+
+<p>Of course the jury then acquitted him. But it was a merciful providence
+that Mrs. H.'s people had been afflicted as shown, else Hackett would
+certainly have been hanged.</p>
+
+<p>However, it is not possible to recount all the marvelous cases of
+insanity that have come under the public notice in the last thirty or
+forty years. There was the Durgin case in New Jersey three years ago.
+The servant girl, Bridget Durgin, at dead of night, invaded her
+mistress's bedroom and carved the lady literally to pieces with a knife.
+Then she dragged the body to the middle of the floor, and beat and banged
+it with chairs and such things. Next she opened the feather beds, and
+strewed the contents around, saturated everything with kerosene, and set
+fire to the general wreck. She now took up the young child of the
+murdered woman in her blood smeared hands and walked off, through the
+snow, with no shoes on, to a neighbor's house a quarter of a mile off,
+and told a string of wild, incoherent stories about some men coming and
+setting fire to the house; and then she cried piteously, and without
+seeming to think there was anything suggestive about the blood upon her
+hands, her clothing, and the baby, volunteered the remark that she was
+afraid those men had murdered her mistress! Afterward, by her own
+confession and other testimony, it was proved that the mistress had
+always been kind to the girl, consequently there was no revenge in the
+murder; and it was also shown that the girl took nothing away from the
+burning house, not even her own shoes, and consequently robbery was not
+the motive.</p>
+
+<p>Now, the reader says, "Here comes that same old plea of insanity again."
+But the reader has deceived himself this time. No such plea was offered
+in her defense. The judge sentenced her, nobody persecuted the governor
+with petitions for her pardon, and she was promptly hanged.</p>
+
+<p>There was that youth in Pennsylvania, whose curious confession was
+published some years ago. It was simply a conglomeration of incoherent
+drivel from beginning to end, and so was his lengthy speech on the
+scaffold afterward. For a whole year he was haunted with a desire to
+disfigure a certain young woman, so that no one would marry her. He did
+not love her himself, and did not want to marry her, but he did not want
+anybody else to do it. He would not go anywhere with her, and yet was
+opposed to anybody else's escorting her. Upon one occasion he declined
+to go to a wedding with her, and when she got other company, lay in wait
+for the couple by the road, intending to make them go back or kill the
+escort. After spending sleepless nights over his ruling desire for a
+full year, he at last attempted its execution&mdash;that is, attempted to
+disfigure the young woman. It was a success. It was permanent. In
+trying to shoot her cheek (as she sat at the supper-table with her
+parents and brothers and sisters) in such a manner as to mar its
+comeliness, one of his bullets wandered a little out of the course, and
+she dropped dead. To the very last moment of his life he bewailed the
+ill luck that made her move her face just at the critical moment. And so
+he died, apparently about half persuaded that somehow it was chiefly her
+own fault that she got killed. This idiot was hanged. The plea of
+insanity was not offered.</p>
+
+<p>Insanity certainly is on the increase in the world, and crime is dying
+out. There are no longer any murders&mdash;none worth mentioning, at any
+rate. Formerly, if you killed a man, it was possible that you were
+insane&mdash;but now, if you, having friends and money, kill a man, it is
+evidence that you are a lunatic. In these days, too, if a person of good
+family and high social standing steals anything, they call it
+kleptomania, and send him to the lunatic asylum. If a person of high
+standing squanders his fortune in dissipation, and closes his career with
+strychnine or a bullet, "Temporary Aberration" is what was the trouble
+with him.</p>
+
+<p>Is not this insanity plea becoming rather common? Is it not so common
+that the reader confidently expects to see it offered in every criminal
+case that comes before the courts? And is it not so cheap, and so
+common, and often so trivial, that the reader smiles in derision when the
+newspaper mentions it? And is it not curious to note how very often it
+wins acquittal for the
+prisoner? Of late years it does not seem possible for a man to so
+conduct himself, before killing another man, as not to be manifestly
+insane. If he talks about the stars, he is insane. If he appears
+nervous and uneasy an hour before the killing, he is insane. If he weeps
+over a great grief, his friends shake their heads, and fear that he is
+"not right." If, an hour after the murder, he seems ill at ease,
+preoccupied, and excited, he is, unquestionably insane.</p>
+
+<p>Really, what we want now, is not laws against crime, but a law against
+insanity. There is where the true evil lies.</p>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="dream"></a>A CURIOUS DREAM [Written about 1870.]
+</h2></center>
+<center><h3>CONTAINING A MORAL
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p192.jpg (99K)" src="images/p192.jpg" height="638" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>Night before last I had a singular dream. I seemed to be sitting on a
+doorstep (in no particular city perhaps) ruminating, and the time of
+night appeared to be about twelve or one o'clock. The weather was balmy
+and delicious. There was no human sound in the air, not even a footstep.
+There was no sound of any kind to emphasize the dead stillness, except
+the occasional hollow barking of a dog in the distance and the fainter
+answer of a further dog. Presently up the street I heard a bony
+clack-clacking, and guessed it was the castanets of a serenading party.
+In a minute more a tall skeleton, hooded, and half clad in a tattered and
+moldy shroud, whose shreds were flapping about the ribby latticework of
+its person, swung by me with a stately stride and disappeared in the gray
+gloom of the starlight. It had a broken and worm-eaten coffin on its
+shoulder and a bundle of something in its hand. I knew what the
+clack-clacking was then; it was this party's joints working together,
+and his elbows knocking against his sides as he walked. I may say I was
+surprised. Before I could collect my thoughts and enter upon any
+speculations as to what this apparition might portend, I heard another
+one coming for I recognized his clack-clack. He had two-thirds of a
+coffin on his shoulder, and some foot and head boards under his arm.
+I mightily wanted to peer under his hood and speak to him, but when he
+turned and smiled upon me with his cavernous sockets and his projecting
+grin as he went by, I thought I would not detain him. He was hardly gone
+when I heard the clacking again, and another one issued from the shadowy
+half-light. This one was bending under a heavy gravestone, and dragging
+a shabby coffin after him by a string. When he got to me he gave me a
+steady look for a moment or two, and then rounded to and backed up to me,
+saying:</p>
+
+<p>"Ease this down for a fellow, will you?"</p>
+
+<p>I eased the gravestone down till it rested on the ground, and in doing so
+noticed that it bore the name of "John Baxter Copmanhurst," with "May,
+1839," as the date of his death. Deceased sat wearily down by me, and
+wiped his os frontis with his major maxillary&mdash;chiefly from former habit
+I judged, for I could not see that he brought away any perspiration.</p>
+
+<p>"It is too bad, too bad," said he, drawing the remnant of the shroud
+about him and leaning his jaw pensively on his hand. Then he put his
+left foot up on his knee and fell to scratching his anklebone absently
+with a rusty nail which he got out of his coffin.</p>
+
+<p>"What is too bad, friend?"</p>
+
+<p>"Oh, everything, everything. I almost wish I never had died."</p>
+
+<p>"You surprise me. Why do you say this? Has anything gone wrong? What
+is the matter?"</p>
+
+<p>"Matter! Look at this shroud-rags. Look at this gravestone, all
+battered up. Look at that disgraceful old coffin. All a man's property
+going to ruin and destruction before his eyes, and ask him if anything is
+wrong? Fire and brimstone!"</p>
+
+<p>"Calm yourself, calm yourself," I said. "It is too bad&mdash;it is certainly
+too bad, but then I had not supposed that you would much mind such
+matters, situated as you are."</p>
+
+<p>"Well, my dear sir, I do mind them. My pride is hurt, and my comfort is
+impaired&mdash;destroyed, I might say. I will state my case&mdash;I will put it to
+you in such a way that you can comprehend it, if you will let me," said
+the poor skeleton, tilting the hood of his shroud back, as if he were
+clearing for action, and thus unconsciously giving himself a jaunty and
+festive air very much at variance with the grave character of his
+position in life&mdash;so to speak&mdash;and in prominent contrast with his
+distressful mood.</p>
+
+<p>"Proceed," said I.</p>
+
+<p>"I reside in the shameful old graveyard a block or two above you here,
+in this street&mdash;there, now, I just expected that cartilage would let
+go!&mdash;third rib from the bottom, friend, hitch the end of it to my spine with
+a string, if you have got such a thing about you, though a bit of silver
+wire is a deal pleasanter, and more durable and becoming, if one keeps it
+polished&mdash;to think of shredding out and going to pieces in this way, just
+on account of the indifference and neglect of one's posterity!"&mdash;and the
+poor ghost grated his teeth in a way that gave me a wrench and a
+shiver&mdash;for the effect is mightily increased by the absence of muffling flesh
+and cuticle. "I reside in that old graveyard, and have for these thirty
+years; and I tell you things are changed since I first laid this old
+tired frame there, and turned over, and stretched out for a long sleep,
+with a delicious sense upon me of being done with bother, and grief,
+and anxiety, and doubt, and fear, forever and ever, and listening with
+comfortable and increasing satisfaction to the sexton's work, from the
+startling clatter of his first spadeful on my coffin till it dulled away
+to the faint patting that shaped the roof of my new home&mdash;delicious! My!
+I wish you could try it to-night!" and out of my reverie deceased fetched
+me a rattling slap with a bony hand.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, sir, thirty years ago I laid me down there, and was happy. For it
+was out in the country then&mdash;out in the breezy, flowery, grand old woods,
+and the lazy winds gossiped with the leaves, and the squirrels capered
+over us and around us, and the creeping things visited us, and the birds
+filled the tranquil solitude with music. Ah, it was worth ten years of a
+man's life to be dead then! Everything was pleasant. I was in a good
+neighborhood, for all the dead people that lived near me belonged to the
+best families in the city. Our posterity appeared to think the world of
+us. They kept our graves in the very best condition; the fences were
+always in faultless repair, head-boards were kept painted or whitewashed,
+and were replaced with new ones as soon as they began to look rusty or
+decayed; monuments were kept upright, railings intact and bright, the
+rose-bushes and shrubbery trimmed, trained, and free from blemish, the
+walks clean and smooth and graveled. But that day is gone by. Our
+descendants have forgotten us. My grandson lives in a stately house
+built with money made by these old hands of mine, and I sleep in a
+neglected grave with invading vermin that gnaw my shroud to build them
+nests withal! I and friends that lie with me founded and secured the
+prosperity of this fine city, and the stately bantling of our loves
+leaves us to rot in a dilapidated cemetery which neighbors curse and
+strangers scoff at. See the difference between the old time and
+this&mdash;for instance: Our graves are all caved in now; our head-boards have
+rotted away and tumbled down; our railings reel this way and that, with
+one foot in the air, after a fashion of unseemly levity; our monuments
+lean wearily, and our gravestones bow their heads discouraged; there be
+no adornments any more&mdash;no roses, nor shrubs, nor graveled walks, nor
+anything that is a comfort to the eye; and even the paintless old board
+fence that did make a show of holding us sacred from companionship with
+beasts and the defilement of heedless feet, has tottered till it
+overhangs the street, and only advertises the presence of our dismal
+resting-place and invites yet more derision to it. And now we cannot
+hide our poverty and tatters in the friendly woods, for the city has
+stretched its withering arms abroad and taken us in, and all that remains
+of the cheer of our old home is the cluster of lugubrious forest trees
+that stand, bored and weary of a city life, with their feet in our
+coffins, looking into the hazy distance and wishing they were there.
+I tell you it is disgraceful!</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p195.jpg (45K)" src="images/p195.jpg" height="266" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>"You begin to comprehend&mdash;you begin to see how it is. While our
+descendants are living sumptuously on our money, right around us in the
+city, we have to fight hard to keep skull and bones together. Bless you,
+there isn't a grave in our cemetery that doesn't leak&mdash;not one. Every
+time it rains in the night we have to climb out and roost in the trees,
+and sometimes we are wakened suddenly by the chilly water trickling down
+the back of our necks. Then I tell you there is a general heaving up of
+old graves and kicking over of old monuments, and scampering of old
+skeletons for the trees! Bless me, if you had gone along there some such
+nights after twelve you might have seen as many as fifteen of us roosting
+on one limb, with our joints rattling drearily and the wind wheezing
+through our ribs! Many a time we have perched there for three or four
+dreary hours, and then come down, stiff and chilled through and drowsy,
+and borrowed each other's skulls to bail out our graves with&mdash;if you will
+glance up in my mouth now as I tilt my head back, you can see that my
+head-piece is half full of old dry sediment&mdash;how top-heavy and stupid it
+makes me sometimes! Yes, sir, many a time if you had happened to come
+along just before the dawn you'd have caught us bailing out the graves
+and hanging our shrouds on the fence to dry. Why, I had an elegant
+shroud stolen from there one morning&mdash;think a party by the name of Smith
+took it, that resides in a plebeian graveyard over yonder&mdash;I think so
+because the first time I ever saw him he hadn't anything on but a check
+shirt, and the last time I saw him, which was at a social gathering in
+the new cemetery, he was the best-dressed corpse in the company&mdash;and it
+is a significant fact that he left when he saw me; and presently an old
+woman from here missed her coffin&mdash;she generally took it with her when
+she went anywhere, because she was liable to take cold and bring on the
+spasmodic rheumatism that originally killed her if she exposed herself to
+the night air much. She was named Hotchkiss&mdash;Anna Matilda Hotchkiss&mdash;you
+might know her? She has two upper front teeth, is tall, but a good deal
+inclined to stoop, one rib on the left side gone, has one shred of rusty
+hair hanging from the left side of her head, and one little tuft just
+above and a little forward of her right ear, has her underjaw wired on
+one side where it had worked loose, small bone of left forearm gone&mdash;lost
+in a fight&mdash;has a kind of swagger in her gait and a 'gallus' way of going
+with her arms akimbo and her nostrils in the air&mdash;has been pretty free
+and easy, and is all damaged and battered up till she looks like a
+queensware crate in ruins&mdash;maybe you have met her?"</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p197.jpg (25K)" src="images/p197.jpg" height="503" width="382">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>"God forbid!" I involuntarily ejaculated, for somehow I was not looking
+for that form of question, and it caught me a little off my guard. But I
+hastened to make amends for my rudeness, and say, "I simply meant I had
+not had the honor&mdash;for I would not deliberately speak discourteously of a
+friend of yours. You were saying that you were robbed&mdash;and it was a
+shame, too&mdash;but it appears by what is left of the shroud you have on that
+it was a costly one in its day. How did&mdash;"</p>
+
+<p>A most ghastly expression began to develop among the decayed features and
+shriveled integuments of my guest's face, and I was beginning to grow
+uneasy and distressed, when he told me he was only working up a deep,
+sly smile, with a wink in it, to suggest that about the time he acquired
+his present garment a ghost in a neighboring cemetery missed one. This
+reassured me, but I begged him to confine himself to speech thenceforth,
+because his facial expression was uncertain. Even with the most
+elaborate care it was liable to miss fire. Smiling should especially be
+avoided. What he might honestly consider a shining success was likely to
+strike me in a very different light. I said I liked to see a skeleton
+cheerful, even decorously playful, but I did not think smiling was a
+skeleton's best hold.</p>
+
+<p>"Yes, friend," said the poor skeleton, "the facts are just as I have
+given them to you. Two of these old graveyards&mdash;the one that I resided
+in and one further along&mdash;have been deliberately neglected by our
+descendants of to-day until there is no occupying them any longer. Aside
+from the osteological discomfort of it&mdash;and that is no light matter this
+rainy weather&mdash;the present state of things is ruinous to property. We
+have got to move or be content to see our effects wasted away and utterly
+destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>"Now, you will hardly believe it, but it is true, nevertheless, that there
+isn't a single coffin in good repair among all my acquaintance&mdash;now that
+is an absolute fact. I do not refer to low people who come in a pine box
+mounted on an express-wagon, but I am talking about your high-toned,
+silver-mounted burial-case, your monumental sort, that travel under black
+plumes at the head of a procession and have choice of cemetery
+lots&mdash;I mean folks like the Jarvises, and the Bledsoes and Burlings, and such.
+They are all about ruined. The most substantial people in our set, they
+were. And now look at them&mdash;utterly used up and poverty-stricken. One
+of the Bledsoes actually traded his monument to a late barkeeper for some
+fresh shavings to put under his head. I tell you it speaks volumes, for
+there is nothing a corpse takes so much pride in as his monument. He
+loves to read the inscription. He comes after a while to believe what it
+says himself, and then you may see him sitting on the fence night after
+night enjoying it. Epitaphs are cheap, and they do a poor chap a world
+of good after he is dead, especially if he had hard luck while he was
+alive. I wish they were used more. Now I don't complain, but
+confidentially I do think it was a little shabby in my descendants to
+give me nothing but this old slab of a gravestone&mdash;and all the more that
+there isn't a compliment on it. It used to have:</p>
+
+<center> <h3>'GONE TO HIS JUST REWARD'</h3>
+</center>
+
+<p>on it, and I was proud when I first saw it, but by and by I noticed that
+whenever an old friend of mine came along he would hook his chin on the
+railing and pull a long face and read along down till he came to that,
+and then he would chuckle to himself and walk off, looking satisfied and
+comfortable. So I scratched it off to get rid of those fools. But a
+dead man always takes a deal of pride in his monument. Yonder goes half
+a dozen of the Jarvises now, with the family monument along. And
+Smithers and some hired specters went by with his awhile ago. Hello,
+Higgins, good-by, old friend! That's Meredith Higgins&mdash;died in
+'44&mdash;belongs to our set in the cemetery&mdash;fine old family&mdash;
+great-grandmother
+was an Injun&mdash;I am on the most familiar terms with him&mdash;he didn't hear me
+was the reason he didn't answer me. And I am sorry, too, because I would
+have liked to introduce you. You would admire him. He is the most
+disjointed, sway-backed, and generally distorted old skeleton you ever
+saw, but he is full of fun. When he laughs it sounds like rasping two
+stones together, and he always starts it off with a cheery screech like
+raking a nail across a window-pane. Hey, Jones! That is old Columbus
+Jones&mdash;shroud cost four hundred dollars&mdash;entire trousseau, including
+monument, twenty-seven hundred. This was in the spring of '26. It was
+enormous style for those days. Dead people came all the way from the
+Alleghanies to see his things&mdash;the party that occupied the grave next to
+mine remembers it well. Now do you see that individual going along with
+a piece of a head-board under his arm, one leg-bone below his knee gone,
+and not a thing in the world on? That is Barstow Dalhousie, and next to
+Columbus Jones he was the most sumptuously outfitted person that ever
+entered our cemetery. We are all leaving. We cannot tolerate the
+treatment we are receiving at the hands of our descendants. They open
+new cemeteries, but they leave us to our ignominy. They mend the
+streets, but they never mend anything that is about us or belongs to us.
+Look at that coffin of mine&mdash;yet I tell you in its day it was a piece of
+furniture that would have attracted attention in any drawing-room in this
+city. You may have it if you want it&mdash;I can't afford to repair it.
+Put a new bottom in her, and part of a new top, and a bit of fresh lining
+along the left side, and you'll find her about as comfortable as any
+receptacle of her species you ever tried. No thanks&mdash;no, don't mention it&mdash;
+you have been civil to me, and I would give you all the property I have
+got before I would seem ungrateful. Now this winding-sheet is a kind of
+a sweet thing in its way, if you would like to&mdash;No? Well, just as you
+say, but I wished to be fair and liberal&mdash;there's nothing mean about me.
+Good-by, friend, I must be going. I may have a good way to go
+to-night&mdash;don't know. I only know one thing for certain, and that is that I am
+on the emigrant trail now, and I'll never sleep in that crazy old
+cemetery again. I will travel till I find respectable quarters, if I
+have to hoof it to New Jersey. All the boys are going. It was decided
+in public conclave, last night, to emigrate, and by the time the sun
+rises there won't be a bone left in our old habitations. Such cemeteries
+may suit my surviving friends, but they do not suit the remains that have
+the honor to make these remarks. My opinion is the general opinion.
+If you doubt it, go and see how the departing ghosts upset things before
+they started. They were almost riotous in their demonstrations of
+distaste. Hello, here are some of the Bledsoes, and if you will give me
+a lift with this tombstone I guess I will join company and jog along with
+them&mdash;mighty respectable old family, the Bledsoes, and used to always
+come out in six-horse hearses and all that sort of thing fifty years ago
+when I walked these streets in daylight. Good-by, friend."</p>
+
+<p>And with his gravestone on his shoulder he joined the grisly procession,
+dragging his damaged coffin after him, for notwithstanding he pressed it
+upon me so earnestly, I utterly refused his hospitality. I suppose that
+for as much as two hours these sad outcasts went clacking by, laden with
+their dismal effects, and all that time I sat pitying them. One or two
+of the youngest and least dilapidated among them inquired about midnight
+trains on the railways, but the rest seemed unacquainted with that mode
+of travel, and merely asked about common public roads to various towns
+and cities, some of which are not on the map now, and vanished from it
+and from the earth as much as thirty years ago, and some few of them
+never had existed anywhere but on maps, and private ones in real-estate
+agencies at that. And they asked about the condition of the cemeteries
+in these towns and cities, and about the reputation the citizens bore as
+to reverence for the dead.</p>
+
+<p>This whole matter interested me deeply, and likewise compelled my
+sympathy for these homeless ones. And it all seeming real, and I not
+knowing it was a dream, I mentioned to one shrouded wanderer an idea that
+had entered my head to publish an account of this curious and very
+sorrowful exodus, but said also that I could not describe it truthfully,
+and just as it occurred, without seeming to trifle with a grave subject
+and exhibit an irreverence for the dead that would shock and distress
+their surviving friends. But this bland and stately remnant of a former
+citizen leaned him far over my gate and whispered in my ear, and said:</p>
+
+<p>"Do not let that disturb you. The community that can stand such
+graveyards as those we are emigrating from can stand anything a body can
+say about the neglected and forsaken dead that lie in them."</p>
+
+<p>At that very moment a cock crowed, and the weird procession vanished and
+left not a shred or a bone behind. I awoke, and found myself lying with
+my head out of the bed and "sagging" downward considerably&mdash;a position
+favorable to dreaming dreams with morals in them, maybe, but not poetry.</p>
+
+<p>NOTE.&mdash;The reader is assured that if the cemeteries in his town are kept
+in good order, this Dream is not leveled at his town at all, but is
+leveled particularly and venomously at the next town.</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p201.jpg (23K)" src="images/p201.jpg" height="321" width="587">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><h2><a name="truestory"></a>A TRUE STORY
+</h2></center>
+<center><h3>REPEATED WORD FOR WORD AS I HEARD IT&mdash;[Written about 1876]
+</h3></center>
+<br>
+
+<center><img alt="p202.jpg (118K)" src="images/p202.jpg" height="908" width="650">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>It was summer-time, and twilight. We were sitting on the porch of the
+farmhouse, on the summit of the hill, and "Aunt Rachel" was sitting
+respectfully below our level, on the steps&mdash;for she was our Servant, and
+colored. She was of mighty frame and stature; she was sixty years old,
+but her eye was undimmed and her strength unabated. She was a cheerful,
+hearty soul, and it was no more trouble for her to laugh than it is for a
+bird to sing. She was under fire now, as usual when the day was done.
+That is to say, she was being chaffed without mercy, and was enjoying it.
+She would let off peal after peal of laughter, and then sit with her face in
+her hands and shake with throes of enjoyment which she could no longer
+get breath enough to express. At such a moment as this a thought
+occurred to me, and I said:</p>
+
+<p>"Aunt Rachel, how is it that you've lived sixty years and never had any
+trouble?"</p>
+
+<p>She stopped quaking. She paused, and there was moment of silence. She
+turned her face over her shoulder toward me, and said, without even a
+smile her voice:</p>
+
+<p>"Misto C&mdash;&mdash;, is you in 'arnest?"</p>
+
+<p>It surprised me a good deal; and it sobered my manner and my speech, too.
+I said:</p>
+
+<p>"Why, I thought&mdash;that is, I meant&mdash;why, you can't have had any trouble.
+I've never heard you sigh, and never seen your eye when there wasn't a
+laugh in it."</p>
+
+<p>She faced fairly around now, and was full earnestness.</p>
+
+<p>"Has I had any trouble? Misto C&mdash;&mdash;-, I's gwyne to tell you, den I leave
+it to you. I was bawn down 'mongst de slaves; I knows all 'bout slavery,
+'case I ben one of 'em my own se'f. Well sah, my ole man&mdash;dat's my
+husban'&mdash;he was lovin' an' kind to me, jist as kind as you is to yo' own
+wife. An' we had chil'en&mdash;seven chil'en&mdash;an' we loved dem chil'en jist de
+same as you loves yo' chil'en. Dey was black, but de Lord can't make
+chil'en so black but what dey mother loves 'em an' wouldn't give 'em up,
+no, not for anything dat's in dis whole world.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, sah, I was raised in ole Fo'ginny, but my mother she was raised in
+Maryland; an' my souls she was turrible when she'd git started! My lan!
+but she'd make de fur fly! When she'd git into dem tantrums, she always
+had one word dat she said. She'd straighten herse'f up an' put her fists
+in her hips an' say, 'I want you to understan' dat I wa'n't bawn in the
+mash to be fool' by trash! I's one o' de ole Blue Hen's Chickens, I is!'
+'Ca'se you see, dat's what folks dat's bawn in Maryland calls deyselves,
+an' dey's proud of it. Well, dat was her word. I don't ever forgit it,
+beca'se she said it so much, an' beca'se she said it one day when my
+little Henry tore his wris' awful, and most busted 'is head, right up at
+de top of his forehead, an' de niggers didn't fly aroun' fas' enough to
+'tend to him. An' when dey talk' back at her, she up an' she says,
+'Look-a-heah!' she says, 'I want you niggers to understan' dat I wa'n't
+bawn in de mash be fool' by trash! I's one o' de ole Blue Hen's chickens,
+I is!' an' den she clar' dat kitchen an' bandage' up de chile herse'f.
+So I says dat word, too, when I's riled.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, bymeby my ole mistis say she's broke, an' she got to sell all de
+niggers on de place. An' when I heah dat dey gwyne to sell us all off at
+oction in Richmon', oh, de good gracious! I know what dat mean!"</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Rachel had gradually risen, while she warmed to her subject, and now
+she towered above us, black against the stars.</p>
+
+<p>"Dey put chains on us an' put us on a stan' as high as dis po'ch&mdash;twenty
+foot high&mdash;an' all de people stood aroun', crowds an' crowds. An' dey'd
+come up dah an' look at us all roun', an' squeeze our arm, an' make us
+git up an' walk, an' den say, Dis one too ole,' or 'Dis one lame,' or
+'Dis one don't 'mount to much.' An' dey sole my ole man, an' took him
+away, an' dey begin to sell my chil'en an' take dem away, an' I begin to
+cry; an' de man say, 'Shet up yo' damn blubberin',' an' hit me on de mouf
+wid his han'. An' when de las' one was gone but my little Henry, I grab'
+him clost up to my breas' so, an' I ris up an' says, 'You sha'nt take him
+away,' I says; 'I'll kill de man dat tetches him!' I says. But my little
+Henry whisper an' say 'I gwyne to run away, an' den I work an' buy yo'
+freedom.' Oh, bless de chile, he always so good! But dey got him&mdash;dey got
+him, de men did; but I took and tear de clo'es mos' off of 'em an' beat
+'em over de head wid my chain; an' dey give it to me too, but I didn't
+mine dat.</p>
+
+<p>"Well, dah was my ole man gone, an' all my chil'en, all my seven
+chil'en&mdash;an' six of 'em I hain't set eyes on ag'in to dis day, an' dat's
+twenty-two year ago las' Easter. De man dat bought me b'long' in
+Newbern, an' he took me dah. Well, bymeby de years roll on an' de waw
+come. My marster he was a Confedrit colonel, an' I was his family's
+cook. So when de Unions took dat town, dey all run away an' lef' me all
+by myse'f wid de other niggers in dat mons'us big house. So de big Union
+officers move in dah, an' dey ask me would I cook for dem. 'Lord bless
+you,' says I, 'dat what I's for.'</p>
+
+<p>"Dey wa'n't no small-fry officers, mine you, dey was de biggest dey is;
+an' de way dey made dem sojers mosey roun'! De Gen'l he tole me to boss
+dat kitchen; an' he say, 'If anybody come meddlin' wid you, you jist make
+'em walk chalk; don't you be afeared,' he say; 'you's 'mong frens now.'</p>
+
+<p>"Well, I thinks to myse'f, if my little Henry ever got a chance to run
+away, he'd make to de Norf, o' course. So one day I comes in dah whar de
+big officers was, in de parlor, an' I drops a kurtchy, so, an' I up an'
+tole 'em 'bout my Henry, dey a-listenin' to my troubles jist de same as
+if I was white folks; an' I says, 'What I come for is beca'se if he got
+away and got up Norf whar you gemmen comes from, you might 'a' seen him,
+maybe, an' could tell me so as I could fine him ag'in; he was very
+little, an' he had a sk-yar on his lef' wris' an' at de top of his
+forehead.' Den dey look mournful, an' de Gen'l says, 'How long sence you
+los' him?' an' I say, 'Thirteen year.' Den de Gen'l say, 'He wouldn't be
+little no mo' now&mdash;he's a man!'</p>
+
+<p>"I never thought o' dat befo'! He was only dat little feller to me yit.
+I never thought 'bout him growin' up an' bein' big. But I see it den.
+None o' de gemmen had run acrost him, so dey couldn't do nothin' for me.
+But all dat time, do' I didn't know it, my Henry was run off to de Norf,
+years an' years, an' he was a barber, too, an' worked for hisse'f. An'
+bymeby, when de waw come he ups an' he says: 'I's done barberin',' he
+says, 'I's gwyne to fine my ole mammy, less'n she's dead.' So he sole
+out an' went to whar dey was recruitin', an' hired hisse'f out to de
+colonel for his servant; an' den he went all froo de battles everywhah,
+huntin' for his ole mammy; yes, indeedy, he'd hire to fust one officer
+an' den another, tell he'd ransacked de whole Souf; but you see I didn't
+know <i>nuffin</i> 'bout dis. How was <i>I</i> gwyne to know it?</p>
+
+<p>"Well, one night we had a big sojer ball; de sojers dah at Newbern was
+always havin' balls an' carryin' on. Dey had 'em in my kitchen, heaps o'
+times, 'ca'se it was so big. Mine you, I was down on sich doin's;
+beca'se my place was wid de officers, an' it rasp me to have dem common
+sojers cavortin' roun' in my kitchen like dat. But I alway' stood aroun'
+an kep' things straight, I did; an' sometimes dey'd git my dander up, an'
+den I'd make 'em clar dat kitchen, mine I TELL you!</p>
+
+<p>"Well, one night&mdash;it was a Friday night&mdash;dey comes a whole platoon f'm a
+nigger ridgment da was on guard at de house&mdash;de house was head quarters,
+you know-an' den I was jist a-bilin' mad? I was jist a-boomin'! I
+swelled aroun', an swelled aroun'; I jist was a-itchin' for 'em to do
+somefin for to start me. An' dey was a-waltzin' an a dancin'! my but dey
+was havin' a time! an I jist a-swellin' an' a-swellin' up! Pooty soon,
+'long comes sich a spruce young nigger a-sailin' down de room wid a
+yaller wench roun' de wais'; an' roun an' roun' an roun' dey went, enough
+to make a body drunk to look at 'em; an' when dey got abreas' o' me, dey
+went to kin' o' balancin' aroun' fust on one leg an' den on t'other, an'
+smilin' at my big red turban, an' makin' fun, an' I ups an' says 'Git
+along wid you!&mdash;rubbage!'</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p206.jpg (32K)" src="images/p206.jpg" height="427" width="337">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p>De young man's face kin' o' changed, all of a
+sudden, for 'bout a second, but den he went to smilin' ag'in, same as he
+was befo'. Well, 'bout dis time, in comes some niggers dat played music
+and b'long' to de ban', an' dey never could git along widout puttin' on
+airs. An' de very fust air dey put on dat night, I lit into em! Dey
+laughed, an' dat made me wuss. De res' o' de niggers got to laughin',
+an' den my soul alive but I was hot! My eye was jist a-blazin'! I jist
+straightened myself up so&mdash;jist as I is now, plum to de ceilin',
+mos'&mdash;an' I digs my fists into my hips, an' I says, 'Look-a-heah!' I says, 'I
+want you niggers to understan' dat I wa'n't bawn in de mash to be fool'
+by trash! I's one o' de ole Blue hen's Chickens, I is!'&mdash;an' den I see
+dat young man stan' a-starin' an' stiff, lookin' kin' o' up at de ceilin'
+like he fo'got somefin, an' couldn't 'member it no mo'. Well, I jist
+march' on dem niggers&mdash;so, lookin' like a gen'l&mdash;an' dey jist cave' away
+befo' me an' out at de do'. An' as dis young man a-goin' out, I heah him
+say to another nigger, 'Jim,' he says, 'you go 'long an' tell de cap'n I
+be on han' 'bout eight o'clock in de mawnin'; dey's somefin on my mine,'
+he says; 'I don't sleep no mo' dis night. You go 'long,' he says, 'an'
+leave me by my own se'f.'</p>
+
+<p>"Dis was 'bout one o'clock in de mawnin'. Well, 'bout seven, I was up
+an' on han', gittin' de officers' breakfast. I was a-stoopin' down by de
+stove&mdash;jist so, same as if yo' foot was de stove&mdash;an' I'd opened de stove
+do' wid my right han'&mdash;so, pushin' it back, jist as I pushes yo'
+foot&mdash;an' I'd jist got de pan o' hot biscuits in my han' an' was 'bout to raise
+up, when I see a black face come aroun' under mine, an' de eyes a-lookin'
+up into mine, jist as I's a-lookin' up clost under yo' face now; an' I
+jist stopped right dah, an' never budged! jist gazed an' gazed so; an' de
+pan begin to tremble, an' all of a sudden I knowed! De pan drop' on de
+flo' an' I grab his lef' han' an' shove back his sleeve&mdash;jist so, as I's
+doin' to you&mdash;an' den I goes for his forehead an' push de hair back so,
+an' 'Boy!' I says, 'if you an't my Henry, what is you doin' wid dis welt
+on yo' wris' an' dat sk-yar on yo' forehead? De Lord God ob heaven be
+praise', I got my own ag'in!'</p>
+
+<p> "Oh no' Misto C&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;, I hain't had no trouble. An' no joy!"</p>
+
+<br><br><br><br>
+<center><img alt="p207.jpg (12K)" src="images/p207.jpg" height="393" width="361">
+</center>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+
+
+<br><br>
+
+
+<center>
+<table summary="" cellPadding=4 border=3>
+<tr><td>
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+</td><td>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="p5.htm">Next Part</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+
+</td></tr>
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