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diff --git a/31990-h/31990-h.htm b/31990-h/31990-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d0a4ec --- /dev/null +++ b/31990-h/31990-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,3649 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of A History of the Town of Fairfax, by Jeanne Johnson Rust</title> + <style type="text/css"> +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +img {border: 0;} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.sidenote { + width: 20%; + padding-bottom: .5em; + padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; + padding-right: .5em; + margin-left: 1em; + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; + color: black; + background: #eeeeee; + border: dashed 1px; +} + + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.u {text-decoration: underline;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold;} + +p.subhead1 { font-size: 120%; + text-align: center; + font-weight: bold;} + + +p.subhead2 { font-size: 110%; + text-align: center; + font-weight: bold;} + +p.subhead3 { font-size: 80%; + text-align: center; + font-weight: bold; + } + +p.subhead4 { font-size: 80%; + text-align: center; + } + +.padtop {margin-top: 4em;} + +td.tl {text-align: left;} +td.tr {text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;} + + + +/* Images */ +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.figright { + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: + 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 0; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Footnotes */ +.footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + +.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + +.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + +.fnanchor { + vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: + none; +} + +/* Poetry */ +.poem { + margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left; +} + +.poem br {display: none;} + +.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + +.poem span.i0 { + display: block; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i2 { + display: block; + margin-left: 2em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i4 { + display: block; + margin-left: 4em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 85%;} + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, A History of the Town of Fairfax, by Jeanne +Johnson Rust, Illustrated by John H. Rust, Jr., and Paul R. Hoffmaster</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: A History of the Town of Fairfax</p> +<p>Author: Jeanne Johnson Rust</p> +<p>Release Date: April 14, 2010 [eBook #31990]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF FAIRFAX***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3>E-text prepared by Stacy Brown, Mark C. Orton,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)</h3> +<p> </p> +<table border="0" style="background-color: #ddddff;" cellpadding="10"> + <tr> + <td> + Transcriber's note:<br /> + <br /> + The copyright on this work was not renewed. + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + + + + + +<h1>A HISTORY<br /> +OF THE<br /> +TOWN OF FAIRFAX</h1> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/illus-001.jpg" width="300" height="253" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<p class="subhead3"><i>Sketch by John H. Rust, Jr.</i></p> + + +<h2 class="padtop"><i>Jeanne Johnson Rust<br /> +1960</i></h2> + +<hr /> +<p class="subhead2"><i>Illustrations by Paul R. Hoffmaster</i></p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class="subhead3 padtop">FIRST EDITION<br /> +SECOND PRINTING</p> + +<p class="subhead3"><i>Copyright 1960, by Jeanne Johnson Rust</i><br /> + +<i>All rights reserved</i><br /> + +<i>Printed by Moore & Moore, Inc., Washington, D. C.</i><br /> + +<i>Designed by William M. Guillet</i><br /> + +<i>Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 61-11281</i></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h3 class="padtop">To My Husband</h3> +<p class="subhead3"><i>and his favorite town—his birthplace</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<a href="images/illus-004-big.jpg"><img src="images/illus-004-sm.jpg" width="800" height="541" alt="map of Fairfax" title="" /></a> +</div> + +<h3>MAP LEGEND</h3> + +<table summary="legend" style="width: 40%;"><tbody> +<tr><td class="tr">1.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Court House</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">2.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Duncan's Chapel</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">3.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Payne's Church</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">4.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Store Site</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">5.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Ford Building</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">6.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Rose Bower</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">7.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Site of Willcoxon Tavern</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">8.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Rectory</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">9.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Truro Church</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">10.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Coomb Cottage</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">11.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Coomb Cottage Building No. 1</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">12.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Coomb Cottage Building No. 2</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">13.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Cooper Carriage House</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">14.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Confederate Monument</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">15.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Site of Ratcliffe Home</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">16.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Ratcliffe Grave Yard</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">17.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Earp's Ordinary</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">18.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Willard Place</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_55">55</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">19.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Blenheim</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_24">24</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">20.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Ratcliffe Race Trace</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_32">32</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">21.</td> <td class="tl"><i>D'Astre Place</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">22.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Richardson House</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">23.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Site of Judge Thomas House</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_37">37</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">24.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Oliver Building</i></td> <td class="tl">Pages <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tr">25.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Farr Home</i></td> <td class="tl">Page <a href="#Page_22">22</a></td></tr> +</tbody></table> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span></p> +<h3>CONTENTS</h3> + +<table summary="contents" style="width: 40%;"><tbody> +<tr><td></td> <td class="tl"><i>Introduction</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_6">6</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">I.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Jamestown</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">II.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Rebellion</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">III.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Gentry and the Convicts</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">IV.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Push Inward</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_17">17</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">V.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Town</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">VI.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Revolutionary War</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">VII.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Court House</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">VIII.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Development of the Town</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">IX.</td> <td class="tl"><i>The Civil War in Fairfax</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">X.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Spies</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">XI.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Stealing of Important Papers</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tr">XII.</td> <td class="tl"><i>Reconstruction</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td></td> <td class="tl"><i>Bibliography</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_68">68</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td></td> <td class="tl"><i>Index</i></td> <td class="tr"><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> +</tbody></table> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span></p> +<h3><a name="A_HISTORY_OF_THE_TOWN_OF_FAIRFAX" id="A_HISTORY_OF_THE_TOWN_OF_FAIRFAX"></a>A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF FAIRFAX</h3> + + +<p><i>When man reaches out into space to explore a new planet, his +adventure will be comparable in many ways to that of the colonists +who braved the space of water in the early seventeenth century to +establish their proprietary rights on a strange continent called +"America".</i></p> + +<p><i>These colonists found themselves confronted with the need to feed, +house and clothe themselves with unknown and untried materials +reaped from a wilderness which hid their enemy, the red man, and +housed the dread mosquito which carried the deadly malaria.</i></p> + +<p><i>Proof of their danger lies in the history of the Jamestown Colony. +Being attacked by red savages upon landing at the malaria infested +Jamestown and inexperienced with survival under wilderness +conditions, the colonists were reduced to eating their own dead +before help finally arrived.</i></p> + +<p><i>Strengthened in number and sustained by food and help brought by +Lord de la Warr, the colonists eventually set up a government, +bought peace with their enemy, and settled down to raise tobacco on +the land to which they received proprietary rights. Later they +expanded their holdings; developed their resources; improved their +government; established churches, schools and colleges; gained their +independence from their mother country; survived civil strife; and +advanced their civilization.</i></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-007.jpg" width="500" height="280" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>I. JAMESTOWN</h3> + + +<p>At Jamestown the colonists found that they could not succeed without +expanding the Indian's agriculture. They found the savages of the +Tidewater section growing corn, muskmelon, pumpkin, watermelon, +squash, maypops, gourds and peas in their fertile well-organized +gardens. Grapevines were cultivated at the edge of clearings and +there were rich harvests of chestnuts, hickory nuts and acorns. +Strawberries and other small fruits grew in abundance and mulberry +trees stood near every village. Tobacco was grown to itself, in +carefully prepared hills arranged in well-organized rows. It +developed into a slender plant less than three feet tall and the +short, thick leaves, when ripe, were pulled from the stalk and dried +before a fire or in the sun. The colonists learned to grow and store +the Indian foods for cold winters and they learned to earn their +livelihood from the export of the tobacco they grew.</p> + +<p>In the northern part of Fairfax County, the Indians grew corn. They +fished, mined, and herded buffalo. In order to have sufficient +grassland for their "cattle", or buffalo, the Indians deliberately +set fire to the forests. They also burned their "old fields" that +had once been cultivated for they found that grass grew voluntarily<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> +on them if the trees were kept down.</p> + +<p>Maxwell in "The Use and Abuse of Forests by Virginia Indians" tells +us, "Virginia, between its mountains and the seas was passing +through its fiery ordeal and was approaching a crisis at the time +the colonists snatched the fagot from the Indian's hand. The tribes +were burning everything that would burn and it can be said of the +Alleghanies that if the discovery of America had been post-poned +five hundred years, Virginia would have been pasture land or +desert."</p> + +<p>This point is further illustrated by the Manahoac Indian's remark to +Captain John Smith that he knew not what lay beyond the Blue Ridge +except the sun, "because the woods were not burnt".</p> + +<p>Although the settlement by colonists helped to slow down this +burning process, it did not stop it altogether. The colonists +cleared their land by burning also and when they had exploited one +area moved on to another. (They did not burn as large areas as the +Indians.) As other freemen came, they pushed upward and inward along +the waterways to find unexploited land. This, of course, hastened +the development of the Fairfax County area but it left acres of "old +fields" going idle for want of a little fertilizer. Many ignorant +overseers of large land holdings knew little of fertilization or +replenishing the soil and they too, when they had exhausted one part +of the proprietorship, moved on to another, which they cleared by +burning. They gathered slaves from other plantations to help fell +the trees and at night large groups of negroes gathered round the +mound of burning trees and raised their voices in the spiritual +singing that was characteristic of them. Sometimes the burning +lasted for two or three days and laughter, song and wine were +plentiful.</p> + +<p>Fairfax County itself was gradually being occupied by men from two +of the colonies: viz., Maryland and Jamestown. The Maryland +colonists were English traders who, for one reason or another, had +left their colony (1632) and taken up their residence among friendly +tribes along the Virginia shore of the Potomac. The Maryland +colonists<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> preceded the Jamestown colonists by a few years.</p> + +<p>The Jamestown colonists in their search for unused land had +gradually started to move into Fairfax County around 1649. Word had +spread that the area farther north (part of which is now known as +Fairfax County) was the "land of opportunity" and wealthy +land-holders began buying large units of five hundred to three +thousand acres for speculation. Among these were the Masons, +Draytons, Baxters, Brents, Vincents, Merriweathers, Fitzhughs, +Hills, Dudleys and Howsings.</p> + +<p>Most of these men were not ready to make their homes here, however, +for this area was still infested with unfriendly Indians. Instead +they hired indentured slaves who came from England, Scotland, +Ireland, France, etc., who worked the land for a few years, earned +their freedom and then became land owners in their own right. It +stands to reason, therefore, that the society of the Fairfax County +area at that time was necessarily crude. These indentures, though +vigorous and having outstanding individuals among them, had the +reputation of not being given to the amenities. Unfortunately, the +men in well established areas south of the indentures did not have a +realistic understanding either of the struggles and trials of these +men who were pioneering the Indian infested areas farther north. +This lack of understanding led to dissension and, in some instances, +rebellion.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-010.jpg" width="500" height="293" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>II. REBELLION</h3> + + +<p>When the wealthy land-owners of the southern part of the colonized +area started buying up land in lower Fairfax County for speculation, +they did not buy out the title of the Doeg Indians, who occupied +this area at that time. (The white man established no relations with +the Doeg except to hold him off whenever possible). A series of +murders were committed on the frontier by Doegs and in retaliation +the colonists mistakenly killed Indians who were not Doegs. By 1675, +through a series of hot-headed misunderstandings the Susquehannock +Indians became involved and they struck whenever and wherever they +could. Captain John Smith described the Susquehannocks as having +booming voices, being seven feet tall and treading on the earth with +much pride, contempt and disdain.</p> + +<p>Although no records were kept at the time, we can assume that many +homes were burned, women and children killed, etc. It is a known +fact that thirty-six people were killed on the Rappahannock in one +raid and that Indian retaliations of one nature or another caused +the English settlements that had reached Hunting Creek to recede to +Aquia, where they stayed for the next ten years.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p><p>Sir William Berkeley in order to help the frontiersmen, unwisely, +and at great expense to the people, commanded a fort to be built at +the mouth of each head river; e.g., one was built at Colchester on +the Occoquan. These forts proved of no value, being made of mud and +dirt. Other precarious forts were built in place of the mud ones. +These proved useless too and the governor and gentry declined to do +more.</p> + +<p>Taking matters into their own hands, two hundred men (including men +from the Fairfax County area) joined under the leadership of +Nathaniel Bacon. They incited the Occannechi to massacre the +Susquehannock. Then, having disposed of the worst enemy, they turned +on the Occannechi and murdered them. The few Indians who survived +stabbed at the colonists occasionally but gradually drifted into +Pennsylvania taking the Doegs with them. The frontiersmen and +governing gentry, however, still remained at odds and another +cleavage began to appear. This one was centered around the men's +livelihood—tobacco.</p> + +<p>From the first, tobacco had been their staple product. It was +Virginia's principal export crop. It was used as money. Salaries of +ministers and civil officers were paid with it. Bounty for wolves +and Indian scalps were offered in it and necessary equipment was +bought with it.</p> + +<p>However, due to English navigation laws forbidding the colonists to +export to other countries, by 1682 England became over-supplied with +tobacco and the planters soon began to feel the effect of this +surplus. Growers began to go deeper and deeper into debt.</p> + +<p>Major Robert Beverly and William Fitzhugh, young planter-lawyer from +this area, concluded along with other prominent men that the +solution lay in some type of crop control but England refused. She +did not want to lose the two shillings tax on each hogshead of +tobacco. She advised the colonists to wait until Thomas, Lord +Culpeper, the titular governor of the colony returned to Virginia.</p> + +<p>Lord Culpeper had received the titular grant to all of this area<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +and a great deal more besides. He was happy in England, however, and +not at all anxious to come to Virginia. He was 47 years old at the +time and described as "able, lazy, unscrupulous".</p> + +<p>While waiting for his return, the people became desperate. Taking +hoes and farm tools, they roamed the countryside pulling up and +cutting tobacco plants wherever they went. Some destroyed their own +crops. The county militia was called out and plant cutting was +brought under control but by this time 30,000 to 50,000 pounds of +tobacco had been destroyed.</p> + +<p>A few months later the people again became impatient and the +government in Jamestown reacted by declaring the destruction of +tobacco "open and actual rebellion". It promised a reward of 2000 +lbs. of tobacco for information and promised to pardon the +"squealer".</p> + +<p>Finally, in December, Thomas, Lord Culpeper, departed from London +and the arms of his mistress. He was briefed by the Privy Council +before he left and as soon as he arrived in Virginia declared the +offense to be treason. He had several planters executed as examples +and granted amnesty to almost every plant cutter who would take the +oath of loyalty to the king. There were approximately twenty men +from this general area who took the oath.</p> + +<p>In the meantime economic conditions improved for the colonists. The +English began dumping their surplus tobacco upon the continent of +Europe and the diminished colonial supply found a quick market.</p> + +<p>As far as the Indian situation and forts were concerned, Lord +Culpeper suggested that a small band of volunteer light horsemen be +hired to range the woods of the heads of the rivers to protect the +frontiersmen against surprise attack by the Indians. His suggestion +was accepted by the Assembly and the "Rangers" were organized.</p> + +<p>They were comprised of one lieutenant, eleven soldiers, and two +Indians. They were supplied with horses and other necessities to +range and scout the areas they served.</p> + +<p>Lord Culpeper then proceeded to return to England where he was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> +relieved as governor and his commission was turned over to Lord +Howard of Effingham. It is rather ironic that neither Lord Culpeper +nor Lord Fairfax, who inherited his estate and for whom the County +and Town were named, cared particularly for Virginia. Lord Culpeper +came under duress and returned as soon as possible to England. Lord +Fairfax came, according to tradition, only after he had been +disappointed in love in England and because his holdings demanded +his attention. The people struggled on, however, and gradually the +wealthy land owners began to move northward to occupy the tracts of +land upon which their grandfathers had speculated.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-014.jpg" width="500" height="308" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>III. THE GENTRY AND THE CONVICTS</h3> + + +<p>George Mason II had moved to Pohick in 1690 but his home was +considered such an outpost that runaway slaves were returned there +by Indians. In 1746 the fourth George Mason moved to his property on +Dogue Neck and built Gunston Hall in 1758. By 1734 Captain Augustine +Washington moved his family to his plantation on Little Hunting +Creek. His home was destroyed by fire and he moved back to the north +bank of the Rappahannock in 1739. In the spring of 1741 William +Fairfax built Belvoir. After his daughter married Lawrence +Washington in 1743, the original part of Mt. Vernon was finished.</p> + +<p>Along with the gentry's influx into the county, however, there was +also the influx of convicts. Heretofore this land had, as stated, +been occupied mostly by indentured slaves. When these indentures +achieved their freedom and became land-holders in their own right, +they found they too needed help for harvesting the fields. England, +recognizing this need and being anxious to rid herself of an +undesirable element, began to export convicts to America. Benjamin +Franklin called this "the most cruel insult that perhaps was ever +offered by one people to another".</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span></p><p>Robert Carter, in his first term as proprietary agent, made numerous +grants to the Irish and Hugenots and they took a substantial number +of these convicts who were gin fiends, beggars, murderers and +arsonists. These cheaper servants after serving seven years became +parasitic wanderers, creating hotbeds of undisciplined passion +wherever they went.</p> + +<p>They received credit for burning many warehouses, private homes, +public buildings, churches and finally the Capitol itself in +Williamsburg. Arson became epidemic in the Northern Neck.</p> + +<p>All legislative efforts to abort this infiltration by convicts were +stopped by the "greedy planter" who loved the cheapness of this +labor and the practice of importation survived the Revolution.</p> + +<p>Consequently, this area was comprised of gentry, indentures, +convicts and slaves. Yet the homes of the former two were similar in +many ways. Their houses were made of wood; their roofs were made of +oak shingles. The walls were made of clapboard sealed on the inside +with mortar made of oyster shell lime which gave the room a look of +antiquated whiteness. Some houses were constructed of bricks made by +the colonists themselves. Most houses consisted of only two rooms +and several closets on the ground floor with two prophets chambers +above. They built separate houses for the kitchen, for Christian +servants, for Negro slaves, and several for curing tobacco. Each +household gave the appearance of a small village. There were no +stables. Cattle and horses were allowed to run in the woods.</p> + +<p>Merchandise was supplied by traveling salesmen from England who took +their loaded ships from creek to creek.</p> + +<p>Due to the fact that most people lived on widely separated +plantations there were very few schools. Sometimes a house was +erected on one of the old fields which had outlived its usefulness +and there the children of the plantation owner along with those of +relatives and neighbors would attend school under the supervision of +a tutor hired by the main family. These were called "Old Field +Schools". They were made of logs held together by wooden pins. The +roof<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> was shingled with hand-hewn wood shingles and a large field +stone fireplace was used to heat the room. There were few books +available and the tiresome methods of teaching were heavily +interspersed with strict discipline. School began at eight o'clock +in the morning and a recess was taken at eleven. It opened again at +one o'clock and closed at four o'clock in the afternoon.</p> + +<p>Public school systems did not make their appearance until 1857. As a +rule, the parish halls of the various churches were used to house +the students.</p> + +<p>The children of the poor learned from their parents the art of +working in the fields. The wealthier families sent their eldest son +to England to be educated and other sons were educated at the +College of William and Mary which had been established in 1693.</p> + +<p>Recreation was found in the form of wrestling, playing with quarter +staff, cock fighting, and pursuing wild horses. Beverly gives us a +lively description of the latter: "There is yet another kind of +sport which the young people take great delight in and that is the +Hunting of wild Horses which they pursue sometimes with Dogs and +sometimes without. You must know that they have many Horses foaled +in the Woods of the Uplands that never were in hand and are as shy +as any Savage creature. These having no mark upon them belong to him +that first takes them. However, the Captor commonly purchases these +Horses very dear by spoiling better in the pursuit; in which case he +has little to make him amends beside the pleasure of the Chace. And +very often this is all he has for it, for the Wild Horses are so +swift that tis difficult to catch them; and when they are taken tis +odds but their Grease is melted, or else being old, they are so +sullen that they can't be tamed." (Due to the capture of tame horses +roaming the woods, the sport of capturing wild horses was eventually +outlawed.)</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-017.jpg" width="500" height="266" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + +<h3>IV. THE PUSH INWARD</h3> + + +<p>At this time the northern and central parts of the County were +sparsely settled due to the large tracts of land held by a few. King +Carter, of course, had assigned most of the land to himself during +his second tenure as proprietary agent. However, there were large +tracts owned by William Fitzhugh, William Moore, Cadwallader Jones +and Lewis Saunders, Jr., which consumed most of the land in and near +the Town of Fairfax. Since men could only "seat" themselves on this +land, most of the indentures went over into the valley where they +could work land that belonged to them. Thus the development of this +territory was delayed for years.</p> + +<p>However, when King Carter found what seemed to be substantial +deposits of copper in the northern part of the county, he and his +sons opened up a pre-existing Indian trail which came from Occoquan, +past the future site of Payne's church, near the future site of +Fairfax Court House, where it veered west and continued towards +Chantilly. Ox Road made accessible the area now known as the Town of +Fairfax; became a deciding factor in the future placement of the +Court House that was to serve this area; and created the original +western part of The Little River Turnpike.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p> +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>AT A <b>GENERAL ASSEMBLY</b> BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CAPITOL +IN THE CITY OF WILLIAMSBURG, THE SIXTH DAY OF MAY, IN THE FIFTEENTH +YEAR OF THE REIGN OF OUR SOVEREIGN LORD GEORGE II, BY THE GRACE OF +GOD OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND IRELAND, KING, DEFENDER OF THE +FAITH &c., AND IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1742: BEING THE FIRST +SESSION OF THIS ASSEMBLY. CHAP. XXVII. <b>AN ACT FOR DIVIDING THE +COUNTY OF PRINCE WILLIAM</b>.</p> + +<p>FOR the greater ease and convenience of the inhabitants of the +county of Prince William, in attending courts, and other public +meetings, <b>Be it enacted by the Lieutenant Governor, Council and +Burgesses, of this present General Assembly, and it is hereby +enacted by the Authority of the same</b>. That from and immediately +after the first day of December now next ensuing, the said county of +Prince William shall be divided into two counties: That is to say, +all that part thereof, lying on the south side of Occoquan and Bull +Run; and from the head of the main branch of Bull Run, by a straight +course to the Thorough-fare of the Blue Ridge of mountains, known by +the name of Ashby's Gap, or Bent, shall be one distinct county, and +retain the name of Prince William county: And be one distinct +parish, and retain the name of Hamilton parish. And all that other +part thereof, consisting of the parish of Truro, shall be one other +distinct county, and called and known by the name of Fairfax +county.... And a court for the said county of Fairfax, be constantly +held by the justices of that county, upon the third Thursday in +every month, in such manner, as by the laws of this colony is +provided, and shall lie by their commissions directed.</p> +</div> + +<p>As people followed this road inward to seat land, a new parish was +set up which was named "Truro" by King Carter. He expected the +parish to be a mining district and named it after a borough of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +Cornwall, England, which was a shipping port for tin and copper ore.</p> + +<p>Truro tried to provide meeting places for all and called upon a man +by the name of Samuel Littlejohn, who seated land south of the +future site of the Town of Fairfax, for help in supplying a place to +worship for this particular area. Mr. Littlejohn complied by renting +his tobacco barn for regular services.</p> + +<p>He received 1000 lbs. of tobacco a year for its rent. The barn was +fitted with six benches which ran the length of the house and two +benches which stood at each end of the building. A Communion table +and a reading desk with a small window on each side of the desk +concluded the specified alterations. This was in 1765. The exact +location of this barn has not been identified but it seems likely +that it was in the vicinity of Edward Payne's home on middle ridge +near the Ox road, where Payne's church was built in 1766. (The +Virginia Army National Guard Nike Site is now located on part of +Payne's land.)</p> + +<p>At a meeting on February 3rd and 4th, 1766, the vestry resolved that +a new church be built on the middle ridge near Ox Road ... on the +land "supposed to belong" to Mr. Thomazen Ellzey, young +planter-lawyer, "who being present consents to the same". (Mr. +Ellzey owned a large tract of land including the Magner tract of +which "Brecon Ridge" is now a part. According to local tradition, he +gave the "glebe" land which consisted of 40 acres for the minister +who was allowed to collect as salary whatever he could grow on the +"glebe".) Vestrymen present these two days were "Mr. Edward Payne, +Colo. George Washington, Capt. Daniel McCarty, Colo. George William +Fairfax, Mr. Alexander Henderson, Mr. William Gardner, Thomas +Withers Coffer, William Linton and Thomas Ford."</p> + +<p>Edward Payne was to undertake to build the church for 579 lbs. of +Virginia currency agreeable to a plan and articles drawn up by a Mr. +John Ayres who was to be paid 40 shillings for his plan and +estimates. These plans were to be modeled after the Falls Church.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p><p>Hearsay relates that "Edward Payne, vestryman and builder of the +church, and Col. George Washington had an argument concerning the +location of the church. A fist fight insued and Mr. Payne, who was a +tall man but not as tall as Col. Washington, knocked Col. Washington +down—it being the first and only time Washington was ever knocked +down". The church was located according to Mr. Payne's judgment and +records show it was accepted on September 9, 1768, as agreeably +built according to plan, with the exception of the brick pediments +over the door which were to be corrected by Mr. Payne.</p> + +<p>The church was used for services until the time of the Revolution +after which it was used only occasionally. Early in the last century +the Baptists took possession of it as abandoned property, with the +Court's permission, and upon the division of that denomination in +1840 the Jerusalem Baptist Church (new school) was organized in the +building and continued to use it until 1862.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-020.jpg" width="800" height="548" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">TRURO EPISCOPAL CHURCH<br /> +<i>Photo by Ollie Atkins</i></p> +</div> + + +<p>At that time Federal troops camped in the vicinity tore the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> church +down brick by brick and used the material to build chimneys and +hearths for their winter quarters. A small frame Baptist church now +covers part of the original foundation of Payne's church. A model of +the original Payne's Church can be found in the design and +construction of the present chapel at Truro Episcopal Church in +Fairfax.</p> + +<p>During the development of the parish and its move northward and +inward, the Court in 1752 ordered Lewis Ellzey, Hugh West Jr., James +Hamilton, James Halley and others to view and mark a road to be +cleared for the most convenient way from Alexandria to Rocky Run +Chappell.</p> + +<p>This road is now locally known as the old Braddock Road, named after +General Braddock who presumably traversed it on his way to Ft. +Duquesne. Although historians disagree on the authenticity of this +route being taken by Braddock, around the road has grown a legend of +"buried treasure".</p> + +<p>The story goes that the road was impassable and the weather +extremely inclement when Braddock and his men used it. They had to +cut down trees and other growth to clear their way. Added to this +was the fact that they were carrying a chest of gold coins, with +which to pay the men. They had two cannons, which were proving +extremely burdensome, and were constantly becoming bogged down in +the mud.</p> + +<p>Finally, having lost so much time due to the condition of the road +and the heaviness of his cannons and gold, Braddock decided to +lighten his load. Taking the gold coins, he stuffed the nozzles of +both cannons with the coins and then buried the cannons near a +spring on the road near Centreville. The story continues that the +spring has since dried up and although many people, including the +British, have searched for years for the "buried treasure", it has +never been found.</p> + +<p>Near the intersection of Ox Road and Braddock Road was a tract of +land (the future site of George Mason College, the northern Virginia +branch of the University of Virginia) which was owned by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> the Farr +family. The large home on this tract of land was burned by Union +forces during the Civil War in retaliation for a very brave act by +the young fourteen year old Farr boy.</p> + +<p>This young boy, knowing that Union troops were located at Fairfax +Station waiting to attack the Court House, built a road block of +logs across the Ox Road over which these troops had to pass. Hiding +himself in the underbrush nearby, he fired so heroically upon the +enemy troops, as they approached, that they assumed there was a +large group of Confederates waiting for them and withdrew to Fairfax +Station. When they learned of the hoax, they returned and burned the +Farr home to the ground.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-023.jpg" width="500" height="317" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>V. THE TOWN</h3> + + +<p>Historically, the most important house in the town of Fairfax is the +Ratcliffe-Logan-Allison House at 10386 Main Street. This little +brick house was built in 1805 when the town was founded and the +original half meets the specifications of the 1805 Virginia State +Legislature. It is sixteen feet square, has a brick chimney, and is +"fit for habitation." The Ratcliffe-Logan-Allison House is +considered to be in "pristine" form and unchanged from its original +condition except for an 1830 addition which is believed to have been +built by the same brick mason.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> <i>The Richard-Ratcliffe-Allison House is listed on the +Virginia Historic Landmarks Register and on the National Register of +Historical Places. It belongs to the City of Fairfax and is an +integral part of the founding of the town.</i></p></div> + +<p>The little brick house was the first structure completed when +Richard Ratcliffe established his town named Providence (now +Fairfax). Henry Logan bought the house and later sold it to Gordon +and Robert Allison. They added a large parlor and bedroom to +the house and built a stable in the backyard to take care of +the horses of their paying guests and possibly those of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +Alexandria-Winchester Stage Coach Line.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-024.jpg" width="800" height="495" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">THE RATCLIFFE-LOGAN-ALLISON HOUSE<br /> +<i>Photo by Ollie Atkins</i></p> +</div> + +<p>Richard Ratcliffe's tavern at the northwest corner of the +intersection of Chain Bridge Road and The Little River Turnpike was +one of the larger houses in Fairfax. Caleb Earp operated a store in +the basement of this tavern and the crossroads was known as "Earp's +Corner" when George Mason recommended in 1789 that the court house +be located at this juncture.</p> + +<p>The tavern was extended westward by a Capt. Rizin Willcoxon and +subsequently bought by the Allisons. An 1837 inventory shows there +was a store, a cellar, a granary, a bar, kitchen, parlour, dining +room, tailor's shop, sky parlour, and at least twelve bedrooms in +the tavern.</p> + +<p>Capt. Willcoxon, who was a relative and friend of Richard Ratcliffe, +built the addition to the tavern out of bricks kilned by slaves. The +foundation of the Willcoxon home on Route 237 was also built of +bricks from the same kiln. This home was named "Blenheim." The name +of Union soldiers who occupied the house during the Civil War can be +found etched on the walls of its attic.</p> + +<p>Although "Blenheim" is still standing today, the Ratcliffe tavern<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> +was torn down in the 1920's and the bricks and mantels were +purchased by Col. Francis Pickens Miller who incorporated them into +the large brick building which is now known as Flint Hill Private +School.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-025.jpg" width="800" height="490" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">RICHARD RATCLIFFE TAVERN</p> +</div> + +<p>Progress began to embrace Fairfax in the 1900's but before the +1800's there was only a tavern, a store, a tannery, and several +private homes located at "Earp's Corner."</p> + +<p>Still standing today are the Truro Episcopal Church rectory, which +was built as a home by Thomas Love and later sold to Dr. William +Gunnell, the Ford Building and the Oliver Building, both of which +were built by members of the Gunnell family.</p> + +<p>These homes were representative of the times. Georgian architecture +had begun to spread up and down the coast. Plaster and paneling had +begun to replace lime walls. Beautifully carved mantels and +staircases had made their appearance. Mahogany furniture upholstered +in satin or brocade had replaced crudely constructed pieces. +Portrait painters roamed the country. Tutors moved in to educate the +children of the wealthy. Life was much safer and almost as +conventional as country life in England.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-026.jpg" width="500" height="353" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>VI. THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR</h3> + + +<p>While the rich progressed from rough shacks to Georgian homes, there +was no such advance for the poor. There was not even any improvement +in agricultural implements and the poor were finding it more and +more difficult to compete with the large landholders and their +scores of slaves.</p> + +<p>They resented the tight band held over them by the mother country, +who, they felt, neither understood their problems nor how to cope +with them, as well as they did (e.g., the impractical way the +English tried to fight the Indians during the French-Indian war).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<a href="images/illus-026-027-big.jpg"><img src="images/illus-026-027-sm.jpg" width="800" height="131" alt="" title="" /></a> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span></p><p>Added to this was the constant pressure from the mother country for +more money to exploit her domain, felt in the enforcement of the +"Sugar Act", "Stamp Act", "Tea Act", and "Boston Port Act".</p> + +<p>The smoldering embers of hate began to flare in the hearts of the +radicals. The gentry hoped to keep the radicals under control for +they felt the Virginia colony had less cause to fight than the other +colonies. The colony of which they were a part was "the most +populous, prosperous and important one of the thirteen." They had +not felt the sting of taxes like their northern mercantile brothers +nor the sting of poverty like their less fortunate southern +brothers.</p> + +<p>For example, when the "Stamp Act" was being considered. Richard +Henry Lee applied for the position of stamp distributor. When a +fight developed in the House concerning the "Stamp Act", Peyton +Randolph, Edmund Pendleton, Richard Bland and George Wythe opposed +Patrick Henry's resolutions bitterly.</p> + +<p>The gentry in Fairfax seemed to be the exception for George +Johnston, a prominent lawyer living between Alexandria and Mt. +Vernon, backed Patrick Henry in his protest. George Mason wrote the +Non-importation Resolutions in 1769, his Fairfax Resolves in 1774 +and his famous Bill of Rights in 1776. George Washington, Fairfax +planter, was, of course, Commander in Chief of the Continental Army +and brought the country through to victory under the most difficult +circumstances.</p> + +<p>Large numbers of able-bodied citizens in the County served under +Washington in the Revolution. An artillery company was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> formed out +of the two militia companies in Fairfax and two later drafts took +eighty-two more men. There were a few English sympathizers like the +Fairfax family who did not take part but almost every influential +family in the County fought on the side of Independence.</p> + +<p>During this time Patrick Henry served as Governor of the +Commonwealth of Virginia, and in this capacity, appointed a Sheriff +to serve the County of Fairfax. One of the most interesting +documents in view at the Fairfax County Clerk's Office is the +original of this command signed by P. Henry.</p> + +<p>The County itself was touched by battle on two occasions: (1) The +Continental Army under General Lafayette crossed the Potomac near +Chain Bridge and (2) Rochambeau's Army of French allies came up +through the County over the old King's Highway to Alexandria, where +French transports awaited them.</p> + +<p>The country prospered after the war but economic levels changed. The +new rich who had prospered by government contracts during the war +took the place of men who had lost their business along the coast +line and of men whose homes had been ramshackled by English troops. +Currency fell and prices rose. The farmer, who had by now turned to +wheat instead of tobacco for his livelihood, was receiving high +prices and seemed to be getting rich. However, his labor supply was +extremely limited and he found it difficult to raise enough crops to +supply his own needs. What labor he could find demanded extremely +high wages and the products which the farmer needed came at +extremely costly prices. In spite of difficulties, however, the +farmer saw the need for a good road to Alexandria, where he could +export his wheat. Thus the farmers of Fairfax, Alexandria, and +Loudoun Counties joined together to build The Little River Turnpike, +which was one of the first improved roads in the United States. This +road was completed in 1806 and as stated before, tolls were +collected for it at Earp's Ordinary. Another strong factor in the +completion of this road was the establishment of the County Court +House at the present site in the Town of Fairfax.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-029.jpg" width="500" height="316" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>VII. THE COURT HOUSE</h3> + + +<p>In 1618 Gov. Yeardley established the prototype of the county court +by an order stating that "county courts be held in convenient +places, to sit monthly, and to hear civil and criminal cases." It +determined rates of local taxation, registered legal documents, +licensed inns and exercised control over their prices, directed the +building and repair of roads, and rendered judgments in both civil +and criminal cases.</p> + +<p>While Fairfax County was still a part of the colony, the first +sessions of Court were probably held in Colchester, a thriving +seaport town where large quantities of tobacco were exported. +Charles Broadwater, John Carlyle, Henry Gunnell, Lord Thomas +Fairfax, George Mason, and George Washington were among the +Gentlemen Justices during the period of 1742 to 1776.</p> + +<p>The first entry of the Court's minutes were made in 1742 at a +session held in Colchester. This was an order removing the county +records from Colchester to the new court house two miles north of +Vienna. This court house, where the Fairfax Resolves were written, +was called "Freedom Hill". Ambiguously, a gallows was constructed +here and death sentences were carried out promptly. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> court house +remained at Freedom Hill for ten years when it was moved to +Alexandria.</p> + +<p>There are many theories concerning the move to Alexandria: Roads +were poor and slow; there was still Indian hostility—the treaty of +Fontainebleau did not come until 1762; there was pressure from the +more influential citizens of Alexandria to move it to that city.</p> + +<p>At any rate, the Court was moved to Alexandria in 1752 and there it +remained until 1799. The gallows remained at Freedom Hill. When a +death sentence was passed, the prisoner was taken out The Little +River Turnpike from Alexandria to Annandale, thence along "Court +House Road" to the gallows. Eventually the name "Court House Road" +was changed to "Gallows Road", which name a portion of the road +bears today.</p> + +<p>During the forty-seven years court was held in Alexandria, the +building fell into such disrepair that it finally became an unfit +place in which to hold business, thereby speeding the acceptance of +a proposal by George Mason and other influential residents that the +Court be moved to Fairfax.</p> + +<p>At that time there lived in Fairfax a man by the name of Richard +Ratcliffe who held large tracts of land in this area. His holdings +began at the Ravensworth line and swept over and through all the +area that the Town of Fairfax now occupies, traveling on into what +is now Loudoun County.</p> + +<p>When plans became final to move the Court House from Alexandria to +Fairfax, Richard Ratcliffe sold to Charles Little, David Stuart, +William Payne, James Wren and George Minor, for one dollar, four +acres of land "to erect thereupon an house, for holding the Pleas of +the said County of Fairfax, a clerks office for the safe keeping of +the records and papers of the said County, a Goal and all and every +other building and machine necessary for the Justices of the Peace +for the said County from time to time to erect for the purpose of +holding the pleas of the said County, preserving the Records and +publick papers, securing and safe<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> keeping of prisoners and +reserving good order and the publick peace but for no other use or +purpose whatever and also the undisturbed use of and privilege of +all the springs upon the lands of Him the said Richard Ratcliffe +...", dated June 27, 1799.</p> + +<p>Records show that a Richard Ratcliffe came to this country from +England in 1637 along with John Bristoe, Robert Turner, Henry +Warren, Thomas Clarke and Robert Throckmorton—Lord of the Manor of +Ellington. It is assumed that the descendants of Ratcliffe and +Throckmorton worked their way into the vicinity of the future town +of Fairfax for their names appear often in the records and newspaper +clippings.</p> + +<p>The Richard Ratcliffe who gave the land for the court house came +here from Maryland. He was the son of John Ratcliffe of "Poynton" +and "Doyne" Manors, Port Tobacco, Charles County, Maryland.</p> + +<p>He married Lucian Bolling who was from one of the families who had +moved into this area from the Jamestown Colony. Her father was +Girard Bolling who was one of 18 children and descended from Thomas +Rolfe.</p> + +<p>Mr. Bolling was a planter and merchant who owned a store in Fairfax. +Ratcliffe became associated with his father-in-law in the mercantile +business and took over the business after Mr. Bolling died. In +Ratcliffe's will he left "the brick store and land lot to his sons +for the purpose of keeping store in or on if necessary".</p> + +<p>He and his wife had five daughters and four sons. Penelope married +Spencer Jackson. Nancy married Stephen Daniel. Jane married Thomas +Moss, a future clerk of the court. Patsy married Richard Coleman. +Lucian married George Gunnell. His sons were Robert, who was Deputy +Sheriff in 1801, Charles, John and Samuel. Two of his sons were +evidently a disappointment to him for in his will he speaks of +Samuel "having conducted himself badly for several years past" his +debts were to be paid by the executors, who were Robert and Charles +Ratcliffe, Thomas Moss, Gordon Allison and Roger M. Farr. He also +stated that two of his sons had received<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> more than his daughters +but he hoped his sons would do better and his daughters would +understand.</p> + +<p>The Ratcliffe home place, "Mt. Vineyard" will be recalled by older +citizens in the town as the Rumsey place, which burned years ago. +The family graveyard still exists today. It is located on Moore +Street.</p> + +<p>Besides owning a great deal of land and a mercantile business, Mr. +Ratcliffe owned a race track on the east side of town. Its +approximate location was east of Route 237, north of The Little +River Turnpike and west of Fairview Subdivision. His personal +property was valued at $4445.34. In his will the slaves were divided +among his wife and children. Some of the slaves were valued as high +as $600 each, while others were valued at a dollar.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-032.jpg" width="800" height="576" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + +<p>In 1836, when Mr. Ratcliffe died and the town had to be surveyed in +order for his estate to be divided, John Halley, the surveyor +writes: "In laying off I commenced at the northwest corner of Rizin +Willcoxon's Tavern House, Robert Ratcliffe having<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> represented that +that house was considered when built as being exactly on the corner +of the lot on which it stands, and the side and gable ends of said +house ranged with the streets. I have therefore taken the ...... of +said house as a guide". The tavern was valued at $4000.00 at that +time.</p> + +<p>Robert Ratcliffe had evidently used the northwest corner of the +tavern when in 1805 he laid off the town when An Act of the Assembly +established a "Town at Fairfax Court House on the Land of Richard +Ratcliffe by the name of Providence".</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-033.jpg" width="800" height="505" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE<br /> +<i>Photo by Ollie Atkins</i></p> +</div> + + +<p>Meanwhile, a red brick building had been erected for the court +house. It had a gabled roof, an arcaded loggia and a cupola. In the +cupola hung a very fine bell which had been imported from England. +This bell rang to remind the citizens of church time, court, town +meetings, etc.</p> + +<p>The inside of the court house was beautifully paneled with walnut +wainscoating and behind the Justice's chair the wall was paneled +from floor to ceiling. There was a gallery for slaves and rows of +hand carved wooden pews for freemen.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p><p>On the outside was a place for tying horses in the yard and nearby +stood a well with the traditional "old oaken bucket". The +inscription on the bucket read, "He who drinks therefrom will return +to drink again!"</p> + +<p>Among the first Justices of the Peace to serve in the new Court +House after April of 1800 were James Coleman, David Stuart, Charles +Little, William Stanhope, Richard Bland Lee, Robert F. Hooe, William +Payne, Richard Ratcliffe, William Deneale, Humphrey Peake, Richard +W. Poeh, Hancock Lee, William Gunnell, Richard M. Scott, Francy +Adams, James Wiley, Augustine I. Smith, and James Waugh. These men +formed a committee that took turns serving as Justices of the Peace. +They were known as Gentlemen Justices and were appointed and +commissioned by the governor until 1851.</p> + +<p>In 1843 an agricultural journal was published at the Fairfax County +seat. It was called the "Farmer's Intelligencer" and was edited and +published by J. D. Hitt. The first issue which appeared on October +21, 1843, showed agitation for a revision of the Virginia +constitution in advocating a more economical and simplified court +procedure. It may or may not have been indicative of general +feelings at the time, but from 1851 until 1870 Justices were elected +by the voters of the County. Among these were Silas Burke, John B. +Hunter, James Hunter, W. W. Ellzey, Minnan Burke, Ira Williams, M. +R. Selecman, William W. Ball, John Millan, Nelson Conrad, T. M. +Ford, David Fitzhugh, S. T. Stuart and Elcon Jones.</p> + +<p>From 1870 to 1902 the County Court was presided over by a single +judge elected by the state's legislature. During that time Thomas E. +Carper, Richard Coleman, J. R. Taylor, J. F. Mayhugh and John D. +Cross were among those who served. Governor Yeardley's order was +abolished in 1902 by a constitutional convention and by 1904 the +circuit courts took over the former work of the county courts. Their +decline was brought about because they had become the symbol of +opposition to a centralized government.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> Thomas Jefferson said, "the +justices of the inferior courts are self-chosen, are for life, and +perpetuate their own body in succession forever, so that a faction +once possessing themselves of the bench of a county, can never be +broken up...."</p> + +<p>John Marshall said "there is no part of America where less disquiet +and less ill feeling between man and man is to be found than in this +commonwealth, and I believe most firmly that this state of things is +mainly to be ascribed to the practical operation of our county +courts".</p> + +<p>William Moss served as Clerk of the Court from 1801 to 1833. From +1833 until 1887 F. D. Richardson, Thomas Moss, Alfred Moss, S. M. +Ball, H. T. Brooks, W. B. Gooding, William M. Fitzhugh, D. F. +Dulaney, and F. W. Richardson served as Clerks. F. D. Richardson who +was born in 1800 and entered the Clerk's Office under William Moss +in 1826 was either Clerk, Deputy Clerk or Assistant Clerk to the +date of his death on October 13, 1880, a period of 50 years. His +son, F. W. Richardson, born Dec. 16, 1853, went into the Clerk's +Office when he was 18 years old (1871) and served as Deputy and +Assistant Clerk until the death of his father in 1880, when he was +elected Clerk of the County and Circuit Courts.</p> + +<p>It is said that Ripley wrote in "<i>Believe It or Not</i>" that "'Uncle +Tude' (F. W. Richardson) and his father had been Clerks of the +Fairfax Courts continuously for one hundred and five years".</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-036.jpg" width="500" height="282" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>VIII. DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOWN</h3> + + +<p>As the court house drew men to this area and the population +increased, a school for girls was established on the property west +of Truro Episcopal Church. Known as Coomb's Cottage, it was a +finishing school for young girls and boasted a roster of +approximately one hundred young ladies from both the north and the +south.</p> + +<p>The school was built and established by Dr. and Mrs. Baker, who were +English. In addition to the main house (a white frame building west +of the church), there were a number of other buildings. Two of these +are located across Route 236 from the Church and are still standing +today. One is a professional building, the other a private home. +They were moved to their present location by Judge Love when he +bought the original school property. (The school closed down during +the Civil War and was never re-opened).</p> + +<p>The present Truro Episcopal Rectory had been built as a home by +Judge Love's father, Thomas R. Love, who later sold it to Dr. +William Gunnell and built his home in the large grove of trees on +the Layton Hall property, near the site of the present town hall.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> +"Dunleith", as the large brick home was called, was destroyed by +Union forces and replaced by an ordinary frame house after the war.</p> + +<p>The Cooper Carriage house was built during this time by a Mr. Cooper +who had come to Fairfax from the North. Mr. Cooper was a highly +respected citizen and a very gallant Confederate soldier. He was +wounded seven times. Cooper Carriage House is located east of the +professional building which was a part of Coomb's Cottage.</p> + +<p>Another house built before the Civil War was the home of Judge Henry +W. Thomas which stood on the site now occupied by the large, +pillared, grey stucco house belonging to Mrs. John Barbour. This +house served as headquarters for the Union officers and afterwards +as a hospital.</p> + +<p>The old cedar posts on the porch of the frame part of this house +were the original posts that held the gallery in the old court +house. When some remodeling of the court house was done, Judge +Thomas bought the posts. They were later removed to a white frame +house which served as a tenement house for the Barbour estate. This +house is still standing today and the porch roof is sustained by +tapering posts, which are more delicate and slender than ones +usually found on outside porches.</p> + +<p>Also built during this era was the D'Astre place, which is the +present home of Mr. A. B. McClure. This home was owned by a +Frenchman who had the reputation for making wonderful wines. The +vineyard of Niagaras, Delawares, Concords bear out the tribute. The +runway from the cellar to the highway where the barrels were loaded +is evidenced today by a road leading to a log house near the grape +arbors. The tenement house, now owned by Mrs. Douglas Murray, boasts +a concealed attic room, hidden behind a closet. Here Confederate +soldiers picked off the Union troops as they marched past. The house +was raided many times by Union troops but still managed to keep its +secret.</p> + +<p>Beyond the D'Astre place was the home of Charles Broadwater, which +has recently been torn down for widening of The Little River +Turnpike. When torn down, the well house revealed numerous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span> musket +balls from the war. The house itself was a study in architectural +beaming. Each wall header was constructed of large hand-hewn oak +timbers. Each timber had hand-hewn slots which received studs +secured by wooden pegs.</p> + +<p>The large colonial brick house at the corner of Sager Avenue and +University Drive was possibly built during this era too. The land +had been part of the Ratcliffe division, designated as Lot 26, and +had passed from the Moss family to the Jackson family. Later, a Mr. +Harry Fitzhugh, who taught school here, bought it and eventually +sold it to Mr. F. W. Richardson.</p> + +<p>The Draper house at the corner of Main and Route 237 was built in +1827 by Dr. S. Draper who occupied it until 1842, at which time a +Mr. William Chapman bought it. The wide upstairs portico and two +immense chimneys at each end of the brick house were characteristic +of the houses built at that time.</p> + +<p>The large white frame house belonging now to Mrs. Fairfax Shield +McCandlish, Sr., and being located across from the Fairfax Post +Office was built before 1839 and was owned and occupied by the +Conrad family. They called it "Rose Bower". A son, Thomas Nelson +Conrad, served as a Captain in the Confederate Army and at one time +as a Rebel Scout. In 1859 it was bought by a Mr. Thomas Murray who +later rented it to a lawyer by the name of Thomas Moore. Mr. Moore +had married one of the young ladies who attended Coomb's Cottage—a +Miss Hannah Morris from Oswego County, New York. Mr. Moore was to +have the distinction of carrying the court records to Warrenton, +when the war clouds gathered around Fairfax.</p> + +<p>By 1843 Zion Church was founded under the leadership of the Reverend +Richard Templeton Brown. He writes: "On the 8th of February last we +had the pleasure of a new congregation at this very destitute place +and prompt measures were adopted for the immediate erection of a +plain and substantial church. The edifice has been commenced, and, +if not entirely finished, will be used during the present year. Some +of the most influential citizens of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> place and neighborhood are +interested in the work; the ladies also are zealously engaged; and +we trust that, by the blessing of God, the Church at this place will +exert a wide and purifying influence."</p> + +<p>At that time there were five communicants and twelve families +regularly connected with the church. Services were first held at the +court house, but when for some reason it was forbidden, Mrs. Daniel +Rumsey of "Mount Vineyard"; a Baptist lady, saying that she "could +not see the Ark of the Lord refused shelter", offered her parlor in +which the congregation met until the church was completed. She was +the mother of Mr. William T. Rumsey, who gave the lot for the church +and was one of its first vestrymen.</p> + +<p>The church was completed and consecrated by Right Rev. William +Meade, D. D. on June 28th, 1845, under the name of Zion Church.</p> + +<p>In 1861, when Fairfax became involved in war, the church became a +storehouse for munitions. It soon thereafter rapidly deteriorated +and was finally torn down by Union soldiers to provide material for +their winter quarters on a neighboring hillside.</p> + +<p>In the meantime, the Methodists, it is thought, probably organized +in this vicinity around 1800. The Rev. Melvin Steadman thinks they +may have worshipped at Payne's church for a while or possibly at the +Moss family's home. The first structure built by them, according to +local tradition, was a log cabin which was built around 1822. By +1843 a more elaborate frame building had been built on land given by +a Mr. Bleeker Canfield. Records show that the membership of the +Fairfax Circuit fluctuated between a high of 604 in 1819 to a low of +332 in 1839. The black proportion usually made up a third of the +total, sometimes more.</p> + +<p>Around 1850 the church members found their sympathies divided and +two churches were formed—a southern congregation and a northern +congregation. The latter worshipped in a structure near the +intersection of Routes 236 and 237 known as Ryland Chapel. This +congregation existed until the 1890's.</p> + +<p>The Southern church is first recorded in 1850 with 93 members.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> It +reached a peak of 212 in 1852, dropped in 1854 and fluctuated around +125 until the war.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-040.jpg" width="400" height="614" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>In 1846 the era of rail-roading began. Nurtured by Virginia State +legislation, the Manassas Gap railroad was chartered in 1849. It was +to run through the Town of Fairfax as shown by the plat below. Deep +embankments where the railroad bed was laid can<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> still be sighted +today—one particular spot in the town lies east of the old Farr +cottage (now occupied by Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Dennis) on Route 237. +These trenches served as embankments for various battles in this +area but other than that have seen no service due to destruction by +both sides during the Civil War.</p> + +<p>Forerunner of the fabulous county fairs which were held for years at +the county seat was the first fair held on October 16th and 17th, +1852, at the court house. It was sponsored by the Fairfax +Agricultural Society. The officers of this organization were Richard +M. C. Throckmorton, President; H. C. Williams, First Vice-President; +W. W. Ball, Second Vice-President; Levi Burke, Third Vice-President; +S. T. Stuart, Corresponding Secretary and F. D. Richardson, +Recording Secretary and Treasurer.</p> + +<p>Among the exhibitors who were awarded prizes were William Swink, +Ruben Kelsey, Dr. W. P. Gunnell, Charles Kirby, Charles Sutton, +James P. Machen, R. M. C. Throckmorton, Mrs. W. T. Rumsey, Mrs. E. +V. Richardson, Mrs. Mildred Ratcliffe. Mr. Joseph Williams of "Ash +Grove" exhibited corn of "enormous dimensions". The stalks measured +16 ft. 9 inches and the distance to the first ear was twelve feet +six inches and to the second ear thirteen feet one inch.</p> + +<p>It was also the custom at this time to send out notices of funerals. +A typical notice was published in a local newspaper as follows:</p> + +<blockquote><p>"Yourself and family are respectfully invited to attend the Funeral +of John R. Richardson from the Presbyterian Church to the Public +Cemetery, this afternoon at 3:00 o'clock. Funeral services by Rev. +John Leighton.</p> + +<p>Palmyra, Friday, June 8, 1855"</p></blockquote> + +<p>By 1859 Providence had taken the name of "Fairfax" when Culpeper +abandoned it, and being located in a border county was destined to +be the scene of the very first skirmish of the Civil War.</p> + +<p>Preceding this skirmish, the citizens of the Town of Fairfax had +debated and appraised the act of seceding from the Union.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> When on +April 17, 1861, the convention in Richmond adopted "The Ordinance of +Secession" to repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the +United States of America by the State of Virginia, and to resume all +the rights and powers granted under said Constitution, the people in +Fairfax came forth to vote.</p> + +<p>In those days votes were taken orally and penned by the Clerk of the +Court. One page of the voting on secession is still filed among the +records of the Clerk of the Court of Fairfax County.</p> + +<p>The picture below shows 21 out of 22 people in Fairfax voting in +favor of secession. The one dissenter, (on this particular page), +Henry T. Brooks, was later appointed Military Clerk of the Court of +the County of Fairfax, when Union forces took over the Town.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-042.jpg" width="400" height="558" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-043.jpg" width="500" height="338" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>IX. THE CIVIL WAR IN FAIRFAX</h3> + + +<p>Among the representatives in Richmond in February of 1861 when +Virginia was debating secession from the Union was a young man (35 +yrs. old) by the name of John Quincy Marr.</p> + +<p>He was a graduate and former professor of Virginia Military +Institute. A tall, strong man with black hair and dark eyes, he was +an affable, witty and popular lawyer.</p> + +<p>While the convention at Richmond still hesitated, Marr returned home +to Warrenton to raise a company of infantry, known as the "Warrenton +Rifles", who were being made ready to uphold the secession.</p> + +<p>Late in May in 1861 the "Warrenton Rifles", after having been to +Dumfries, Fauquier Springs, Bristow Station and Centreville, found +themselves bivouacked in the Methodist Church building (Duncan's +Chapel) at Fairfax.</p> + +<p>The village was under the command of Lt. Col. Richard S. Ewell, a +veteran recently resigned from the United States Army, whose +conversation was said to be so full of profanity "that an auditor +declared it could be parsed". He had two mounted companies (one from +Rappahannock County and one from Prince William<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span> County) who had +"very few fire-arms and no ammunition".</p> + +<p>Although Colonel Ewell was absent scouting on the day of May 31st, +1861, William (Extra Billy) Smith, who was a neighbor and good +friend of Marr, arrived at Fairfax around supper time that evening. +After chatting with Marr for a while, he retired to the Joshua +Gunnell house (the Oliver Building) which was diagonally across from +the Chapel.</p> + +<p>In the meantime, Lt. Charles H. Tompkins, Co. B, 2nd U. S. Cavalry +was riding with eighty men towards Fairfax Court House to +reconnoiter the country in the vicinity of the court house.</p> + +<p>Tompkins was an Indian type fighter and he made no attempt to seize +the pickets who might warn Marr and his men. Instead, he and his men +rode wildly up and shot at them. One guard rushing into the chapel +shouted, "The enemy's cavalry are approaching". Marr hurried his men +into the surrounding clover fields where they fell in rank.</p> + +<p>Governor Smith, hearing all the racket, jumped out of bed and ran to +join his friend, Marr. In his haste he left his coat behind and, it +is rumored, even his shoes, which were placed outside the bedroom +door to be polished by the old negro servant before morning.</p> + +<p>Upon arriving at the clover field, he looked around for Marr but not +finding him, asked one of his men, "Where is your captain?"</p> + +<p>"We don't know, Sir," was the reply. Marr had disappeared and his +men were in a state of confusion.</p> + +<p>"Boys, you know me. Follow me!" urged the 63 year old governor.</p> + +<p>Halfway to the courthouse more confusion arose when one of the young +Riflemen challenged Col. Ewell, who, having returned to Fairfax, had +been struck in the shoulder and was bare headed, bald and bleeding. +"Extra Billy", coming to the rescue, introduced Col. Ewell, "Men, +this is Lt. Col. Ewell, your commanding officer, a gallant soldier +in whom you may place every confidence."</p> + +<p>The half-company followed Ewell up to Main Street. Then turning the +company over to Smith again, Ewell left to send a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> messenger for +reinforcements from Fairfax Station.</p> + +<p>"Extra Billy" assumed Tompkins and his men would return by the same +way they had gone. He positioned the remains of the Riflemen around +fence posts in front of Cooper's Carriage Shop.</p> + +<p>At 3:30 A.M. they heard sounds of Tompkins and his men returning. +When Tompkins reached almost to the carriage shop, "Extra Billy" and +his men "let loose", causing Tompkins' men to "run off ingloriously, +pulling down fences and making their escape through fields" while +leaving the ground strewn with "carbines, pistols, sabers, etc."</p> + +<p>Tompkins wrote that he ascertained at least 1000 of the enemy were +in Fairfax, perceived that he was "largely outnumbered" and departed +"in good order", having killed at least twenty-five "rebels".</p> + +<p>Actually only Ewell and one private were injured. Col. Ewell was +taken to "the brick tenement" to have his wound treated and in the +confusion lost his shoulder epaulet. It was found there later and +due to the importance and historical implication of this incident +that it represented, the epaulet was cherished by people of the town +for many years. It is now in the hands of the Clerk of the Court and +Mrs. Thomas P. Chapman, the latter being a descendant of Col. Ewell.</p> + +<p>Only one man was killed and that was Marr. He had been shot by a +random bullet at the outset of the fracas. Jack, a colored servant +of the Moore family, found him later in the morning, face down in +the clover field, gripping his sword in his right hand. The "random, +spent bullet" had probably been fired as far as three hundred yards +away. Directly over Marr's heart was "a perfect circular suffusion +of blood under the skin, something larger than a silver dollar, but +the skin was unbroken, and not a drop of blood was shed". The shock +of impact had stopped his heart.</p> + +<p>Thus it was that the first Confederate officer, to be killed in +action with the enemy, lost his life in the Town of Fairfax.</p> + +<p>On June 8th, 1861, Company B, 2nd United States Cavalry went out on +a scouting expedition. They entered the village of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> Fairfax where +they had a skirmish with the units in this vicinity. When the +company returned to camp, they realized that two of their members +had been captured. Soon they discovered that these two were to be +hanged the next morning. They mounted their horses, rode down to +Fairfax, found where the two men were imprisoned and rescued them. +The picture above is from the Pictorial War Record.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-046.jpg" width="800" height="463" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">BRILLIANT EXPLOIT OF COMPANY B, SECOND CAVALRY, IN +THE RESCUE OF TWO OF THEIR COMRADES, WHO WERE TO BE HUNG BY THE +CONFEDERATES AT FAIRFAX, VA.</p> +</div> + +<p>In July of 1861 Fairfax housed a detachment of Confederates who had +been sent out to delay the Yankees who were on their way to seize +the Manassas Railroad Junction. This junction connected with another +line leading to a point near Richmond (the ultimate Yankee goal). +Unfortunately, when the Unionists under Hunter entered Fairfax, the +Confederate units fled, leaving large quantities of forage and camp +equipment behind. Hunter paraded his men, four abreast, with fixed +bayonets, through the streets of Fairfax. He even had the band play +the national anthem and other patriotic songs as the men marched +along. From here, they proceeded towards Manassas.</p> + +<p>Everyone knows of the inglorious retreat of the Unionists from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span> +their encounter with the Confederates at the first battle of +Manassas. Most people know, too, that spectators had followed the +Union troops out from Washington to watch the battle—that they were +dressed in fancy clothes and riding in everything from wagons to +fine horse-drawn carriages, expecting to applaud an easy Union +victory. What the spectators saw, however, was quite different from +their expectations.</p> + +<p>A combined attack by Confederate forces around 3:45 in the afternoon +overwhelmed the Unionists, who fell back and retired. As they were +retreating in orderly fashion, Kemper's battery reached an +advantageous position on a rise of land and let go with its guns. +The first shot hit a suspension bridge and upset a wagon, which, in +its unwieldy position, served as a barricade for other vehicles. +Other shots followed the first one and soldiers and spectators alike +were seized with panic. Horses ran away, carriages overturned, women +screamed and fainted, soldiers and spectators ran for their lives. +It was every man for himself. "The roar of their flight was like the +rush of a great river". Many of these people made their escape back +through the Town of Fairfax, much to the amusement of citizens who +had viewed Hunter's parade a few days before.</p> + +<p>In the First Battle of Manassas the Confederate forces had trouble +distinguishing their flag, the "Stars and Bars", from the Federal +"Stars and Stripes". When the Confederate flag had been decided upon +in Alabama in March of 1861, the people had voted to keep the red, +white and blue colors and the blue canton. They had voted to use +three (instead of thirteen) alternating stripes of red and white and +to use stars to represent the states. This resulted in a flag so +similar in appearance to the Union flag that Confederate forces, +becoming confused, fired upon their own men.</p> + +<p>General Beauregard stating that he "never wished to see the 'Stars +and Bars' on another battlefield" designed a Battle Flag which +consisted of a St. Andrew's Cross in blue with a white border along +the sides, mounted on a field of red. Thirteen five pointed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> stars +were placed on the blue stripes.</p> + +<p>Flags of Gen. Beauregard's design were made by three Miss Carys +(Constance, Hetty and Jennie) of this area and sent to Gen. +Johnston, Gen. Beauregard and Gen. Van Dorn in October. The flags +were accepted by these officers before massed troops of the Army in +a ceremony at the fort on "Artillery Hill" in Centreville.</p> + +<p>In December, a spectacular military display was held at Yorkshire, +when Gen. Beauregard presented Battle Flags to various regiments of +the Confederate Army.</p> + +<p>On this occasion a new song, "My Maryland", by J. R. Randall, was +played by the band. However, one of the first renditions of "My +Maryland" had been given in Fairfax in September of 1861, by Miss +Constance Cary and others, when they sang to soldiers of the +"Maryland line".</p> + +<p>On October 1, 1861, President Jefferson Davis with General Joseph E. +Johnston, Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard and General Gustavus W. Smith met +at the Willcoxon Tavern to confer regarding the success of the First +Battle of Manassas. They decided that the Confederates were in no +condition to take advantage of their success and begin an offensive +against Washington. On Oct. 3, 1861, President Davis reviewed "a +brilliant turnout" of troops at the court house.</p> + +<p>There were two more skirmishes at the court house in November of +1861. By December of 1862 the town found itself under the command of +an Unionist, Brigadier General Edwin H. Stoughton, who was living at +the home of Dr. William Presley Gunnell (present Truro Rectory) when +Mosby made his famous raid.</p> + +<p>Here is the story in Mosby's own words, written to a friend in +Richmond.</p> + +<p>"I have already seen something in the newspapers of my recent raid +on the Yankees, though I see they call me Moseley instead of Mosby. +I had only twenty men under my command. I penetrated about ten miles +in their line, rode right up to the General's Headquarters +surrounded by infantry, artillery and cavalry, took<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span> him out of his +bed and brought him off. I walked into his room with two of my men +and shaking him in bed said, 'General, get up!' He rose up and +rubbing his eyes, asked what was the meaning of all this. I replied, +'it means, sir, that Stuart's Cavalry are in possession of this +place, and you are a prisoner!...' I did not stay in the place more +than one hour.</p> + +<p>We easily captured the guards around the town, as they never dreamed +we were anybody but Yankees until they saw pistols pointed at their +heads, with a demand to surrender...."</p> + +<p>Stoughton was taken by Mosby to Culpeper and turned over to Fitz +Lee, with whom Stoughton had attended West Point.</p> + +<p>Mosby was disappointed in what happened—"Lee came out of his tent +and welcomed General Stoughton ... as a long lost brother. He took +him into the tent to give him a drink and left me out in the rain!"</p> + +<p>Lincoln was so outraged with Stoughton that he dismissed him from +the Army.</p> + +<p>It is no wonder that Episcopal ministers who have inhabited the +Gunnell home in the past have complained of the lights flashing on +during the wee small hours of the night and of the stairs creaking. +It is hard to tell whether Mosby's ghost is coming again for +Stoughton or whether Stoughton's ghost is wandering through the +house, wary of a second attempt to surprise him at night.</p> + +<p>Mosby writes further about his raid: "Just as we were moving out of +the town a ludicrous incident occurred. As we passed by a house an +upper window was lifted and a voice called out in a preemptory tone +and asked what cavalry that was. It sounded so funny that the men +broke out in a loud laugh. I knew that it must be an officer of +rank; so the column was halted and Joe Nelson and Welt Hatcher were +ordered to search the house. Lt. Col. Johnstone of the Fifth New +York Cavalry, was spending the night there with his wife. For some +reason he suspected something wrong when he heard my men laugh and +immediately took flight in his shirt tail out the back door. Nelson +and Hatcher broke through the front door, but his<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> wife met them +like a lioness in the hall and obstructed them all she could in +order to give time for her husband to make his escape. The officer +could not be found, but my men took some consolation for the loss by +bringing his clothes away with them. He had run out through the back +yard into the garden and crawled for shelter in a place it is not +necessary to describe. He lay there concealed and shivering with +cold and fear until after daylight. He did not know for some time +that we had gone, and he was afraid to come out of his hole to find +out. His wife didn't know where he was. In squeezing himself under +the shelter, he had torn off his shirt and when he appeared before +his wife next morning, as naked as when he was born and smelling a +great deal worse it is reported she refused to embrace him before he +had taken a bath. After he had been scrubbed down with a horse brush +he started in pursuit of us but went in the opposite direction from +which we had gone."</p> + +<p>Mosby's Rangers at this time were composed chiefly of young men from +Fairfax and the adjoining counties, with some Marylanders. Among the +men from Fairfax County were Franklin Williams, Richard Ratcliffe +Farr, Capt. V. Beattie. The men had to arm, equip and supply +themselves, so although they turned captured cattle and mules over +to the Confederacy, they kept any horses they were able to find. +They wore Confederate uniforms and through necessity on occasion +captured overcoats. The "Jessie Scouts" of the Federal Army also +wore the grey uniform in order to deceive the people and gain +information.</p> + +<p>An amusing illustration of the confusion and deception created by +this occurred near Fairfax.</p> + +<p>"A party of Federal soldiers dressed in grey, rode up to a worthy +old farmer and after a short conversation asked him whether he was a +'Unionist' or a 'Secessionist'. The unsuspecting citizen told them +he was a 'Secessionist', whereupon the Federals carried off all of +his horses that were in sight.</p> + +<p>A short while thereafter a party of Confederates rode up, wearing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> +the blue overcoats which effectually (?) concealed their grey +uniforms and propounded a similar question. Hoping by his +protestations of loyalty to recover his lost property he told them +he was a 'Union man', whereupon they too took such horses as they +could find.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-051.jpg" width="800" height="587" alt="" title="" /> +<p class="caption">CONFEDERATE HORSEMEN SCOUTING BETWEEN ANANDALE AND FAIRFAX.<br /> +<span class="smcap">Sketched by A. R. Waud.</span></p> +</div> + + +<p>Finally a party came along dressed partly in blue and partly in +grey, and asked the same question. Eyeing them critically for a +moment and remembering his past unfortunate experience, he replied:</p> + +<p>'Well, gentlemen, to tell you the truth, I am nothing at all and +d——d little of that.'"</p> + +<p>The fact that the Yankees had an abundance of horses is illustrated +by the following article found in the Pictorial War Record (March +18, 1882).</p> + +<p>"Some people will no doubt be astonished to learn that large +fortunes had been made every year from the commencement of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span> the war +out of the dead horses of the Army of the Potomac. The popular idea +is that when Rosinante yields up the ghost he is buried in some +field, or left to moulder into mother earth in the woods somewhere. +Not so. He has made his last charge, and gnawed his last fence rail, +but there is from $20.00 to $40.00 in the old fellow yet.</p> + +<p>A contract for the purchase of dead horses in the Army of the +Potomac in the year 1864 was let for that year to the highest +bidder, at $1.67 per head, delivered at the factory of the +contractor. During 1863, $60,000.00 was cleared on the contract, and +that year it is thought $100,000.00 was made on it. The animals die +at the rate of about fifty per day at the lowest calculation.</p> + +<p>At the contractor's establishment they are thoroughly dissected. +First the shoes are pulled off; they are usually worth fifty cents a +set. Then the hoofs are cut off; they bring two dollars a set. Then +comes the caudal appendage, worth half a dollar. Then the hide—I +don't know what that sells for. Then the tallow, if it is possible +to extract tallow from the army horse, which I think extremely +doubtful, unless he die immediately after entering the service. And +last, but not least, the shinbones are valuable, being convertible +into a variety of articles that many believe to be composed of pure +ivory, such as candle-heads, knife-handles, etc. By this time the +contractor gets through the "late-lamented" steed, there is hardly +enough of him left to feed a bull-pup on.</p> + +<p>Hereafter, kind reader, when you see a dead "hoss", don't turn up +your nose at him, but regard him thoroughly, as the foundation for a +large fortune in a single year. He may, individually, be a nuisance, +but 'there is that within which passeth show'—$100,000.00 a year."</p> + +<p>Horses, supplies, good fighting men and pickets were important to +the Confederates. So were spies. Mosby was aided greatly by two +young ladies who resided in Fairfax. One was Laura Ratcliffe and the +other was Antonia Ford.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-053.jpg" width="500" height="336" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>X. SPIES</h3> + + +<p>Little is known of Laura Ratcliffe's activities but she was often +called "Mosby's pet" and was the heroine subject of many poems +dedicated to her by Mosby and J. E. B. Stuart. She was devotedly +attached to the Confederate cause and sought every opportunity to +become possessed of the secrets and movements of the Union Forces. +She is reported to have been a maiden lady of great intelligence and +high accomplishments and was very well spoken of by people who knew +her. She resided near Fairfax during the entire war, communicating +with Mosby whenever he came through this section, and it is a +mystery that she succeeded in eluding the vigilance of Union Scouts.</p> + +<p>Not so fortunate was her contemporary, Antonia Ford, who spent many +months in Old Capitol Prison, as the result of a raid made on her +home after Mosby's successful capture of Stoughton. Union officers +felt so strongly that she had had a part in this affair that her +home was ordered searched and they found a commission from<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> J. E. B. +Stuart which read as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>"TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:</p> + +<p>KNOW YE:</p> + +<p>That reposing special confidence in the patriotism, fidelity and +ability of Antonia J. Ford, I, James E. B. Stuart, by virtue of the +power vested in me as brigadier general in the Provisional Army of +the Confederate States of America, do hereby appoint and commission +her my honorary aide-de-camp, to rank as such from this date.</p> + +<p>She will be obeyed, respected and admired by all true lovers of a +—— nature. Given under my hand and seal at the headquarters of +the Cavalry Brigade at Camp Beverly the 7th October, A. D., 1861, +and the first year of our independence.</p> + +<table summary="signatures" style="width: 40%;"><tbody> +<tr><td class="tl" style="width: 50%;">(signet ring seal)</td> <td class="tl" style="width: 50%;">(signed) J. E. B. Stuart</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tl" style="width: 50%;">(X true copy)</td> <td class="tl" style="width: 50%;">(signed) L. L. Lomax"</td></tr> +</tbody></table> +</div> + +<p>Antonia was an attractive, young, dark-haired lady, charming to talk +with, witty, and well received in both Washington and Virginia +Society.</p> + +<p>Extracts from a pamphlet written by Alice M. Coates read:</p> + +<p>"In the advance of Federal Troops to Bull Run, some of the Federal +officers stopped overnight with Mr. Ford at Fairfax.</p> + +<p>His daughter, Antonia, a heroic young lady of 22 intensely loyal to +the South, listened at the keyhole and heard the plans proposed. +Next morning she asked for a pass to visit a sick aunt, a few miles +South, which was granted.</p> + +<p>She immediately reported these plans to the Southern troops."</p> + +<p>Antonia aroused no suspicion on this venture in August of 1862, but +only after March 8, 1863, was she questioned and by March 17th, +Major Willard of the Union Army arrived to take Antonia to the Old +Capitol Prison.</p> + +<p>Although Major Willard was quite a few years older than Antonia, he +had been to the Ford home quite frequently as a visitor and had +found Miss Ford most charming. She, in turn, had been attracted to +him.</p> + +<p>How wretched this Union officer must have felt when he was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span> given +the responsibility of personally arresting her and her father and +taking them to prison.</p> + +<p>He fulfilled his duty, however, and then dedicated himself to +securing her release and before many months had passed Antonia and +her father were free again. Evidently they harboured no hard +feelings towards Col. Willard, for they, at a later date, smuggled +him through Confederate lines when they were taking him back to +Washington by wagon after one of his frequent visits to their home.</p> + +<p>In March of 1864 Col. Willard and Antonia were married. Seven years +later Antonia died (some think due to malnutrition suffered from her +stay in prison) and left one son, Joseph.</p> + +<p>This son lived with his grandmother at Fairfax until his marriage +when he built the beautiful large home on the original Willard +estate, which now includes Layton Hall Subdivision, University Drive +extended, the Belle Willard School, the Joseph Willard Health +Center. (His father before him owned the Willard Hotel in +Washington).</p> + +<p>Joseph and his wife lived a life of luxury, traveling abroad and +entertaining in their large spacious home. The fireplace in their +dining room is framed with beautiful blue and white tiles which they +bought in Holland on their wedding trip abroad.</p> + +<p>Many of the schools, churches, and private homes in this area are +landscaped with American and English boxwood which the Willards grew +as a hobby. When the land was bought for development, hundreds of +boxwood bushes became dispersed throughout the town and its +environs.</p> + +<p>Joseph Willard became a lieutenant-governor of Virginia and an +Ambassador to Spain during the administration of Woodrow Wilson. He +had married Belle Layton Wyatt from Middlesex County who was a +distinguished hostess. Their home became the scene of many brilliant +affairs.</p> + +<p>President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1943 attended the wedding of Mrs. +Willard's grand-daughter, Belle Wyatt Roosevelt, to John<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> Palfrey of +Boston. Secret service men swarmed around the Willard home and a +special ramp was built from the flag-stone walk at Truro Episcopal +Church onto the sill of the church door, so the President could +attend the wedding in his wheel-chair.</p> + +<p>The United Daughters of the Confederacy (Fairfax Chapter) dedicated +the chimes in the cupola of the Fairfax Methodist Church to Antonia +Ford, commemorating a small Southern girl who left a heritage of +unselfish love and devotion to the South in general, and to the Town +of Fairfax, in particular.</p> + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p><hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-057.jpg" width="500" height="296" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<h3>XI. STEALING OF IMPORTANT PAPERS</h3> + + +<p>During the time that the Union Army occupied Fairfax a group of +Blenkers Dutch held the court house in the spring or autumn of 1862. +They had been recruited in Pennsylvania from the most ignorant and +reckless German characters and could not understand a word of +English.</p> + +<p>Due to the Blenkers Dutch, many important papers at the court house +were stolen or destroyed. These men broke open the safe and used +wills, deeds, or anything that came into their hands to keep their +fires going. It was only by luck that the will of Martha Washington +was saved.</p> + +<p>A Lt. Col. Thompson who was in command walked in on the men burning +papers and made them stop. Reaching down to see what they were +burning, he picked out a paper at random. Finding it to be the will +of Martha Washington, he put it in his pocket and either mailed it +to his daughter or gave it to her after he returned home.</p> + +<p>[Illustration]</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-058.jpg" width="400" height="675" alt="" title="" /> +</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/illus-059.jpg" width="400" height="542" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>Years later the people of Fairfax learned that the will had been +sold by Miss Thompson to J. P. Morgan and they set out to recover +it. In the Fairfax County Historical Society Year Book, 1952-53, is +an interesting account of the correspondence between Mr. Morgan's<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> +son and the citizens of the Town, the Governor of Virginia, and +others. The will now rests beside that of George Washington<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span> in a +glass enclosed case in the Clerk's Office of Fairfax Court House.</p> + +<p>It is also well known that Washington's will barely escaped being +burned in the fire at Richmond, where it had been sent for safe +keeping. When Union forces took possession of Richmond, they went to +the state library and scattered papers all over the floor, taking +what they wanted. They overlooked Washington's will, however, and +Mr. Lewis, who was Secretary of the Commonwealth, picked it up and +kept it until after the war, when Mr. O. W. Huntt was sent by the +County of Fairfax to Richmond to retrieve the will.</p> + +<p>Later on, at the Centennial, copies of Washington's will were +evidently sold amidst much criticism from a metropolitan newspaper, +for we find a letter from Mr. Richardson, Clerk of the Court, +explaining—</p> + +<p>"Mr. Andrew Jackson some years ago being a resident of this place +made a complete copy of the will (Washington's) and had it certified +by the Clerk and published as such. He was assisted in this by the +Honorable W. W. Corcoran of Washington, D. C., and these are the +copies sold at the Centennial."</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<img src="images/illus-061.jpg" width="500" height="309" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<h3>XII. RECONSTRUCTION</h3> + + +<p>As the reconstruction period came after the war, Fairfax found +herself in a very destitute position. Most of her churches had been +burned, her fields destroyed by constant skirmishes, her homes used +as headquarters or hospitals by Union soldiers. The Willcoxon +Tavern, Duncan's Chapel and doubtless other places had been used as +stables for Union horses. Deflation closed in; the people again +found themselves having to "pick up the pieces".</p> + +<p>Zion Church had been used as a storehouse for munitions for a while +and had then been torn down by Union soldiers to provide material +for their winter quarters. In February, 1867, Rev. W. A. Alrich was +sent to undertake reorganizing the Church. He found eighteen +communicants for whom he held services in the court house. He +reported "a deep interest manifested in religious matters, and a +willingness to make every sacrifice for the sake of the Master and +his cause. The people, in their impoverished condition, are making +an earnest effort to rebuild their Churches."</p> + +<p>Bishop Whittle visited on December 13th, 1869, and there were +fourteen persons attending services at the Court House. He reported +the new church as being under roof but completion delayed<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span> for lack +of funds. He wrote, "I think there is no congregation in the Diocese +more deserving of help than this, where the people have shown such a +determination to help themselves."</p> + +<p>By 1872 the second Zion Church had been completed. By December of +1876 the church had been furnished and freed from debt. Its frame +building had been erected on the foundation of the original church +at a cost of about $2,000.00. In 1882 the present Rectory property +was purchased.</p> + +<p>Among the families who formed the congregation after the war were +the Bakers, Balls, Chichesters, Fairfaxes, Fitzhughs, Fergusons, +Gunnells, Hunters, Mosses, Ratcliffes, Ryers, Stuarts, Terretts, +Towners, Burkes, Coopers, Loves, Rumseys, Moores, Fords, Bowmans, +Keiths, Thorntons, Bleights, Moncures, Ballards, and McWhorters.</p> + +<p>The Methodist Church in the meantime found its strength in the +southern church's Fairfax Circuit and began to replace the first +Duncan's Chapel which had been used by both Confederate and Union +forces and was believed to have been finally burned and destroyed by +Union troops. In 1882 the local board purchased the lot adjoining +Duncan Chapel and built a nine room parsonage. Both of these +buildings are used today for official county business.</p> + +<p>In 1882 the widely scattered rural membership was hampered by severe +winters, bad roads, severe epidemics (diphtheria) and in 1888 Rev. +O. C. Beak wrote of the general business depression in this area +which caused the church to suffer "from removals". (The Methodist +Church did not reach its "Golden Age" until the 1900's.)</p> + +<p>The following map of the 1887's shows a black school located next to +the Fairfax Cemetery. Church services for the black people were +evidently held here too, for older residents of the town speak of +sitting on the opposite side of the road listening to the hymns +pouring forth from the little schoolhouse.</p> + +<p>By 1882 the people began to look forward again throughout the entire +nation. The telephone had been invented in 1876. Better<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> news +service of the papers followed the founding of the Associated Press. +The foundation for the fine art of American printing was being laid. +It was one of the most vigorous artistic and intellectual periods.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> +<a href="images/illus-063-big.jpg"><img src="images/illus-063-sm.jpg" width="500" height="642" alt="" title="" /></a> +</div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p><p>In Fairfax telephone service was started in 1887. Offices were +located in Alexandria, Annandale, Fairfax Court House, Centreville, +Gainesville, Haymarket and Thoroughfare. The price of a message to +Alexandria was 15 cents, to any other point 10 cents; there was no +charge for the answer. Messages were limited to five minutes. The +first phone in Fairfax was installed in the Willcoxon Tavern. Here +the town people could go to make or receive calls.</p> + +<p>Captain S. R. Donohue set up a newspaper office at the west corner +of Sager Avenue and Payne Street. He had operated a paper of his own +in Alexandria called "The Alexandria Times". When he moved to +Fairfax, he brought his printing press with him. This press, which +was the first in Fairfax, had to be hand-operated by two men and can +still be seen today in the present Fairfax Herald Building.</p> + +<p>On Oct. 1, 1890, the people of Fairfax held one of the most +spectacular affairs that the town has seen. The occasion was the +erecting of the Confederate monument at the town cemetery. As +Captain Ballard who headed up the affair proclaimed, the "purpose +was to collect together the remains of the Confederate soldiers who, +in defense of a common cause, found sepulchre upon Fairfax soil, and +to erect a monument to the memory of the Confederate dead."</p> + +<p>Two thousand people were to come in all types of conveyances—from +the best Washington had to offer down to the backwoods ox cart. Some +were even to walk as far as thirty miles to pay tribute to their +fellow man.</p> + +<p>The town was appropriately decorated for the occasion. Large +American flags hung suspended across the streets. Red, white, and +blue buntings were artistically draped across the fronts of houses, +archways, and gates.</p> + +<p>R. E. Lee Camp, Confederate Veterans of Alexandria, turned out with +a long line of men, bringing with them Lee Camp, Sons of Confederate +Veterans. They were the two principal organizations present along +with Marr Camp of Fairfax County. Members of other Confederate +Veterans Camps came from all over the state—some<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> singly and some +in groups. The soldier organizations made their headquarters with +Marr Camp just south of the Court House. Here the column was formed +for the parade.</p> + +<p>At the top of the hill on the Fairfax Station Road, Schroeder's full +brass band, dressed in colorful uniforms with the bright yellow +instruments reflecting the sun, waited for the columns of soldiers +to form. The hundreds of people who had come to witness this +historic occasion, in their enthusiasm to view everything, delayed +the parade for one and a half hours.</p> + +<p>Finally, the people were persuaded to make room for the lines to +form and the proud procession began. First came the vivid brass band +playing its lively military music. Next came Judge D. M. Chichester +as Chief Marshal. He was assisted by Capt. J. O. Berry, Dr. W. D. +McWhorter, and Benjamin Simpson, Esquire. Then followed the columns +of veterans. The procession led from the top of the hill at the +court house, turned left up The Little River Turnpike and then +proceeded to the town cemetery.</p> + +<p>Here on a crest stood the monument made of Richmond granite. It +covered the remains of two hundred heroes. As the people gathered +respectfully near the monument, the Rev. J. Cleveland Hall opened +the service with a prayer. Capt. Ballard then gave the presentation +speech. Gov. William Fitzhugh Lee made appropriate response on +behalf of the Ladies' Memorial Association. The Honorable James L. +Gordon, who was poet of the day, rendered an "eloquent poem".</p> + +<p>The assemblage then returned to the court house which had been +decorated with flags and flowers. Here they heard Senator John W. +Daniel, General Eppa Hunton, Gen. M. D. Corse, Col. Arthur Herbert, +and Col. Berkley. Afterwards, they were served a delicious dinner by +the ladies, who also held a fair inside the court house to help +raise money for the monument. (It cost $1200.00).</p> + +<p>Although we do not have a picture of this occasion, through the +courtesy of The Honorable Paul E. Brown, Judge of the Circuit Court +of Fairfax County, we are able to show a picture of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> +commemoration of the Marr monument, which took place in June of 1904 +and was probably similar in many ways.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 800px;"> +<img src="images/illus-066.jpg" width="800" height="570" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Social life continued and in 1891 a Phantom Ball was given by +Messrs. Joseph E. Willard, C. Vernon Ford, Charles and Fay +Kilbourne, and Dr. W. P. Malone. Miss Helen Moore was listed among +the guests.</p> + +<p>In 1892 when the town was chartered, there were two hundred people +living at Fairfax Court House. There were three white churches—one +Episcopal, one north and one south Methodist. There were two black +churches. There was a school for white and a school for black, three +or four stores, a newspaper office, a number of comfortable old +homes, an old-fashioned tavern, and an undertaker's shop. The bell +at the Court House called three to four hundred people to business, +to law, and to religion.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p><p><i>Today, approximately 14,000 people live at Fairfax Court House. +There are seven white churches—Episcopal, Methodist, Presbyterian, +Baptist, Catholic, Lutheran, and Christian Science. There are two +black churches. There are three schools for elementary students, one +junior high school, and one senior high school, and construction +will begin soon for a college. There are three shopping centers, +several apartment buildings, a medical center, two large telephone +buildings, a library, and a bank. Extensive additions have been made +to the original court house and an eight acre tract of land has been +purchased on South Payne Street for the future Town Hall.</i></p> + +<p><i>Fairfax is just one small example of the results of colonization. +Through the trials and tribulations endured by the Jamestown and +Maryland colonists, a community was carved out of a wilderness. +Through perseverance and courage the colonists built and held on to +a civilization. They created homes, schools, churches, and +established an independent stronghold on a new continent. It was not +easy. Neither will the conquest of a new planet be easy but +certainly a wonderful heritage has been left by those who went +before.</i></p> + +<p><i>As a visitor to Fairfax County in 1798 wrote—</i></p> + +<p><i>"There is a compound of virtue and vice in every human character; +no man was ever yet faultless; but whatever may be advanced against +Virginians, their good qualities will outweigh their defects; and +when the effervescence of youth has abated, when reason asserts her +empire, there is no man on earth who discovers more exalted +sentiment, more contempt of baseness, more love of justice, more +sensibility of feeling, than a Virginian."</i></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p> +<h3><a name="BIBLIOGRAPHY" id="BIBLIOGRAPHY"></a>BIBLIOGRAPHY</h3> + + +<p>Bull Run Remembers <i>by Joseph Mills Hanson</i><br /> + +Deed Books and Will Books in Clerk's Office of the Circuit Court of +Fairfax County, Virginia<br /> + +Fairfax County, Virginia—1907<br /> + +Fairfax County, Virginia, Yesterday ... Today ... Tomorrow—1952.<br /> + +Flags of America <i>by W. H. Waldron</i><br /> + +Gentlemen's Magazine<br /> + +Historic Fairfax County <i>by Columbus D. Choate</i><br /> + +Historic, Progressive Fairfax County in Old Virginia—1928<br /> + +Historical Society of Fairfax County, Va., Inc. Yearbook—1951<br /> + +Historical Society of Fairfax County, Va., Inc. Yearbook—1952-1953<br /> + +Historical Society of Fairfax County, Va., Inc. Yearbook—1954<br /> + +Historical Society of Fairfax County, Va., Inc. Yearbook—1955<br /> + +Historical Society of Fairfax County, Va., Inc. Yearbook—1956-1957.<br /> + +History of Fairfax County <i>by Elizabeth Burke</i><br /> + +History of Truro Parish in Virginia, <i>by Rev. Philip Slaughter, +D.D., and edited by the late Rev. Edward L. Goodwin</i>.<br /> + +Landmarks of Old Prince William <i>by Fairfax Harrison</i>—Vol. I, II<br /> + +Manassas (Bull Run)—1953<br /> + +Memorials of Virginia Clerks (1888). <i>Compiled by F. Johnston</i>, +former clerk of Roanoke County.<br /> + +Mosby and His Men <i>by Crawford</i><br /> + +Mosby's Rangers <i>by Williamson</i><br /> + +Pictorial War Record<br /> + +The Alexandria Gazette<br /> + +The Fairfax Herald<br /> + +The Falls Church Echo<br /> + +The March of Democracy <i>by James Truslow Adams</i>, Vol. I, II, III.<br /> + +The Memoirs of Col. John S. Mosby, <i>edited by Charles Wells +Russell</i>.<br /> + +Townsmen Brochure—1945<br /> + +Virginia Cavalcade<br /> + +Willards of Washington by <i>Garnett Laidlaw Eskew</i></p> + + +<p><i>The author is indebted to the following people for their help in +compiling the foregoing information</i>:</p> + +<p> +Mr. Ollie Atkins<br /> +The Honorable Paul E. Brown<br /> +Mr. W. Lindsay Carne<br /> +Mrs. Thomas Casey<br /> +Mr. Thomas P. Chapman, Jr.<br /> +Mrs. H. N. Clark<br /> +Mr. Courtland H. Davis<br /> +The Rev. Raymond W. Davis<br /> +Miss Barbara Duras<br /> +Mrs. H. John Elliott, Jr.<br /> +Mrs. Earl W. Emerson<br /> +Mr. Wilson M. Farr (deceased)<br /> +Mr. W. Franklin Gooding<br /> +Mr. Alex Haight<br /> +Mr. Charles Patton Henry<br /> +History Committee of the Fairfax Methodist Church<br /> +Mr. F. Wilmer Holbrook<br /> +Mr. J. Kenneth Klinge<br /> +Mrs. Doreen H. LaFalce<br /> +Mrs. Thomas B. Love<br /> +Mrs. F. S. McCandlish, Sr.<br /> +Mr. and Mrs. F. S. McCandlish, Jr.<br /> +Mrs. Douglas Murray<br /> +Mrs. Charles H. Pozer<br /> +Mrs. Barbara Ritchie<br /> +Mr. John W. Rust (deceased)<br /> +Mr. Glenn W. Saunders<br /> +Mr. Roy A. Swayze<br /> +Mr. Byron E. Wales<br /> +</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p> +<h3><a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX</h3> + +<p class="subhead3">by</p> + +<p class="subhead2">John H. Gano</p> + +<p> +A<br /> +<br /> +Adams, Francy, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Alabama, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br /> +<br /> +Alexandria, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +<i>Alexandria Times</i>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Alexandria-Winchester Stage Coach Line, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Allison, Gordon, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Allison, Robert, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Alrich, Rev. W. A., <a href="#Page_61">61</a><br /> +<br /> +Annandale, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Aquia, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br /> +<br /> +"Artillery Hill", <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +Ashby's Gap, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +"Ash Grove", <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Associated Press, <a href="#Page_63">63</a><br /> +<br /> +Ayers, John, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +B<br /> +<br /> +Bacon, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br /> +<br /> +Baker family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Baker, Dr. & Mrs., <a href="#Page_36">36</a><br /> +<br /> +Ball family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Ball, S. M., <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +Ball, WM. W., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Ballard family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Ballard, Capt., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Baptists, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Jerusalem Baptist Church, <a href="#Page_20">20</a><br /> +<br /> +Barbour, Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +Baxter family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Beak, Rev. O. C., <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Beattie, Capt. V., <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br /> +<br /> +Beauregard, Gen., <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +Belvoir, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +Berkeley, Sir Wm., <a href="#Page_11">11</a><br /> +<br /> +Berkley, Col., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Berry, Capt. J. O., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Beverly, Maj. Robt., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br /> +<br /> +Bill of Rights, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Bland, Richard, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Bleight family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Blenheim, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Blenkers Dutch, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br /> +<br /> +Blue Ridge, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +Bolling, Girard, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Bolling, Lucian, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Boston Port Act, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Bowman family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Bowman, Gen., <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Braddock, Gen., <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Braddock Road, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Brecon Ridge, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Brent family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Bristoe, John, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Bristow Station, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Broadwater, Chas., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +Brooks, Henry T., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><br /> +<br /> +Brown, Judge Paul E., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Brown, Rev. R. J., <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Bull Run, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br /> +<br /> +Burke, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Burke, Levi, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Burke, Minnan, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Burke, Silas, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +C<br /> +<br /> +Camp Beverly, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br /> +<br /> +Canfield, Bleeker, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><br /> +<br /> +Carlyle, John, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br /> +<br /> +Carper, Thos. E., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Carter, Robert, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +Carys, Misses Constance, Hetty, Jennie, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +Catholic Church, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Centennial, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> +<br /> +Centreville, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Chain Bridge, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +Chain Bridge Road, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Chantilly, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><br /> +<br /> +Chapman, Mrs. Thos. P., <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br /> +<br /> +Chapman, William, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Charles County, MD, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Chichester family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Chichester, Judge D. M., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Christian Scientist Church, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Circuit Court of Fairfax, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Civil War, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43-54</a><br /> +<br /> +Clark, Thos., <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Coates, Alice M., <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br /> +<br /> +Coffer, Thos. W., <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Colchester, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br /> +<br /> +Coleman, James, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Coleman, Richard, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Coomb's Cottage, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Confederate Monument, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Conrad, Thos. Nelson, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Continental Army, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +Cooper family 37, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Cooper Carriage House, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br /> +<br /> +Corcoran, W. W., <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> +<br /> +Cornwall, England, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Corse, Gen. M. D., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Country Club Hills, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Courthouse Road, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Cross, John D., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Culpeper, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Culpeper, Thomas Lord, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +D<br /> +<br /> +Daniel, Sen. John W., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Daniel, Stephen, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +D'Astre Place, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +Davis, Jefferson, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +de la Warr, Lord, <a href="#Page_6">6</a><br /> +<br /> +Deneale, Wm., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Dennis, Gordon, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Doeg Indians, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br /> +<br /> +Dogue Neck, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +Donohue, Capt., S. R., <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Doyne Manor, MD, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Draper, S., <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Drayton family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Dudley family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Dulaney, D. F., <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +Dumfries, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Duncan's Chapel, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +"Dunleith", <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +E<br /> +<br /> +Earp, Caleb, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Earp's Corner, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +"Earp's Ordinary", <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br /> +<br /> +East Street, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Ellzey, Lewis, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Ellzey, Thomazen, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +England/English, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Episcopal Church, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Ewell, LCol/Gen. Richard S., <a href="#Page_43">43-45</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span><br /> +F<br /> +<br /> +Fairfax family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Agricultural Society, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cemetery, <a href="#Page_62">62</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Col. George Wm., <a href="#Page_19">19</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">County, <a href="#Page_7">7-11</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Court House, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Herald, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lord, 13, Thos., <a href="#Page_29">29</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Post Office, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Resolves, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Station, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Store", <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Town, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40-42</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55-57</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fairview Subdivision, <a href="#Page_32">32</a><br /> +<br /> +Falls Church, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +"Farmer's Intelligencer", <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Farr, 14-year-old son, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Home, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Ratcliffe, <a href="#Page_50">50</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, M., <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fauquier Springs, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Ferguson family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Fifth N. Y. Cavalry, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Fitzhugh family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harry, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wm. M., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Flint Hill School, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Fontainebleau, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Ford family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Antonia, <a href="#Page_52">52-56</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Building, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">C. Vernon, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">T. M., <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Fort Duquesne, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Franklin, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +"Freedom Hill", <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +French-Indian War, <a href="#Page_26">26</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +G<br /> +<br /> +Gainesville, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Gallow's Road, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Gardner, Wm., <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Gentlemen Justices, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +George II, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +George Mason College, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +"Glebe Land", <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Gooding, W. B., <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +Gordon, James L., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Greenway Hills, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Gunnell Family, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joshua, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr. Wm. P., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Gunston Hall, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +H<br /> +<br /> +Hall, Rev. J. Cleveland, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Halley, James, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hamilton, James, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Parish, <a href="#Page_18">18</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hatcher, W., <a href="#Page_40">40</a><br /> +<br /> +Haymarket, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Henderson, Alexander, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Henry, Patrick, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a><br /> +<br /> +Herbert, Col. Arthur, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Hill family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Hitt, J. D., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Hooe, Robert, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Howard, Lord of Effingham, <a href="#Page_13">13</a><br /> +<br /> +Howsing family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Huguenots, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /> +<br /> +Hunter family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gen., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Hunting Creek, <a href="#Page_10">10</a><br /> +<br /> +Hunton, Gen. Eppa, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Huntt, O. W., <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +I<br /> +<br /> +Indians, <a href="#Page_7">7-9</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Manahoac, <a href="#Page_8">8</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Occannechi, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susquehannock, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_11">11</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Irish, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +J<br /> +<br /> +Jackson, Andrew, <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Family, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Spencer, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Jamestown Colony, <a href="#Page_5">5-7</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Jefferson, Thos., <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +"Jessie Scouts", <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br /> +<br /> +Johnston, Gen. J. E., <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_27">27</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Johnstone, LCol., <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Jones, Cadwallader, <a href="#Page_17">17</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elcon, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +K<br /> +<br /> +Keith family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Kelsey, Ruben, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Kemper Battery, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br /> +<br /> +Kilbourne, Chas. & Fay, <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br /> +<br /> +King's Highway, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +Kirby, Chas., <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +L<br /> +<br /> +Ladies' Memorial Assn., <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Lafayette, Gen., <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +Layton Hall, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Lee Boulevard, <a href="#Page_4">4</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fitz, <a href="#Page_49">49</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hancock, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Bland, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Henry, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">R. E. Confederate Camp, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gov. Wm. Fitzhugh, <a href="#Page_65">65</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Leighton, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Lewis, Mr., <a href="#Page_60">60</a><br /> +<br /> +Lincoln, Pres., <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Linton, Wm., <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Little, Chas., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Little Hunting Creek, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +Littlejohn, Samuel, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Little River Turnpike, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Logan, Henry, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Lomax, L. L., <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br /> +<br /> +London, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br /> +<br /> +Loudoun County, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Love family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Judge, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thos. R., <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Lutheran Church, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +M<br /> +<br /> +Machen, James P., <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Magner Tract, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Main Street, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><br /> +<br /> +Malone, Dr. W. P., <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br /> +<br /> +Manassas, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">First Battlefield, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Railroad, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Manor, "Doyne", <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Marr, Camp (Vets), <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capt. John Q., <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Monument, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>Marshall, John, <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +Maryland Colonists, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br /> +<br /> +Mason family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Mason, George, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Maxwell, <a href="#Page_8">8</a><br /> +<br /> +Mayhugh, J. F., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +McCandlish, Mrs. Fairfax Shields, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +McCarty, Capt. Daniel, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +McWhorter family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr. W. D., <a href="#Page_65">65</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Meade, Rt. Rev. Wm., <a href="#Page_39">39</a><br /> +<br /> +Merriweather family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Methodist Church, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Middlesex County, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Millan, John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Miller, Col. Francis P., <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<br /> +Minor, George, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Moncure family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Moore family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Street, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thos., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wm., <a href="#Page_17">17</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Morgan, J. P., <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a><br /> +<br /> +Morris, Mrs. Hannah, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Mosby, John S., <a href="#Page_48">48-50</a>;<br /> +<br /> +Moss family, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alfred, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thos., <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wm., <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Mount Vernon, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Mount Vineyard, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><br /> +<br /> +Murray, Mrs. Douglas, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thos., <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<br /> +"My Maryland", <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +N<br /> +<br /> +National Register of Historical Places, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Negro Slaves, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /> +<br /> +Nelson, Jos., <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Non-Importing Resolutions, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Northern Neck, <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +O<br /> +<br /> +Occoquan, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +Old Capitol Prison, <a href="#Page_54">54</a><br /> +<br /> +"Old Field Schools", <a href="#Page_15">15</a><br /> +<br /> +"Old Oaken Buckets", <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Oliver House, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a><br /> +<br /> +Ordinance of Succession, <a href="#Page_42">42</a><br /> +<br /> +Oswego County, N. Y., <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Ox Road, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +P<br /> +<br /> +Palfrey, John, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br /> +<br /> +Palmyra, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Payne's Church, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Street, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wm., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Peake, Humphrey, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Pendleton, Edmund, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Pennsylvania, <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br /> +<br /> +"Phantom Ball", <a href="#Page_66">66</a><br /> +<br /> +Pictorial War Record, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a><br /> +<br /> +Poeh, Richard W., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Pohick, <a href="#Page_14">14</a><br /> +<br /> +Port Tobacco, MD, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Potomac, <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +"Poynton" Manor, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Presbyterian Church, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_67">67</a><br /> +<br /> +Prince William County, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Privy Council, <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br /> +<br /> +Providence, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +R<br /> +<br /> +Randall, J. R., <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +Randolph, Peyton, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +"Rangers", <a href="#Page_12">12</a><br /> +<br /> +Rappahannock County, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">River, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ratcliffe family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Chas., <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Division, <a href="#Page_38">38</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Graveyard, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Home, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John of Poynton, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laura, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucian, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mildred, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nancy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Patsy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Penelope, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Racetrack, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tavern, <a href="#Page_24">24</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ratcliffe-Logan-Allison House, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +Ravensworth, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Rebel Scout, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Revolutionary War, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>-28<br /> +<br /> +Richardson,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. E. V., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">F. D., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">F. W., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">House, <a href="#Page_4">4</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John R., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Richmond, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +"Ripley's Believe It Or Not", <a href="#Page_35">35</a><br /> +<br /> +Rochambeau, Gen., <a href="#Page_28">28</a><br /> +<br /> +Rocky Run Chappell, <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +Rolfe, Thos., <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Roosevelt, F. D., <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Belle Wyatt, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Rose Bower, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Rumsey family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Daniel, <a href="#Page_39">39</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Place, <a href="#Page_32">32</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wm. T., <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Ryer family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Ryland Chapel, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +S<br /> +<br /> +Sager Avenue, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Saunders, Lewis, Jr., <a href="#Page_17">17</a><br /> +<br /> +Schroeder's Band, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Scott, Richard M., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Second US Cavalry, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br /> +<br /> +Selecman, M. R., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Simpson, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_65">65</a><br /> +<br /> +Smith, Augustine I., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Extra Billy", <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gen. Gustavus W., <a href="#Page_48">48</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capt. John, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_10">10</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sons of Confederate Vets, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Spain, Ambassador To, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Stamp Act, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Stanhope, Wm., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Stars and Bars, <a href="#Page_47">47</a><br /> +<br /> +Steadman, Rev. Melvin, <a href="#Page_39">39</a><br /> +<br /> +Stoughton, Brig. Gen. E. H., <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Stuart family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">J. E. B., <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">S. T., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Sugar Act, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Sutton, Chas., <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +Swink, Wm., <a href="#Page_41">41</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span><br /> +T<br /> +<br /> +Taylor, J. R., <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Tea Act, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +Terrett family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Thomas, Judge Henry W., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +Thompson, LCol. (USA), <a href="#Page_57">57</a><br /> +<br /> +Thornton family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +Thoroughfare, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<br /> +Throckmorton, Lord of Ellington, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_31">31</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Tidewater, <a href="#Page_7">7</a><br /> +<br /> +Tobacco, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br /> +<br /> +Tompkins, Lt. Chas. H., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a><br /> +<br /> +Towner family, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +<br /> +"Truro", <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Episcopal Church, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Parish, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_19">19</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rectory, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Turner, Robert, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +U<br /> +<br /> +United Daughters of the Confederacy, <a href="#Page_56">56</a><br /> +<br /> +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>University Drive, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +V<br /> +<br /> +Van Dorn, Gen., <a href="#Page_38">38</a><br /> +<br /> +Vienna, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a><br /> +<br /> +Vincent family, <a href="#Page_9">9</a><br /> +<br /> +Virginia, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Va. Historic Landmark Register, <a href="#Page_23">23</a><br /> +<br /> +VMI, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<br /> +Va. National Guard, <a href="#Page_19">19</a><br /> +<br /> +Va. State Legislature, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +W<br /> +<br /> +Warren, Henry, <a href="#Page_31">31</a><br /> +<br /> +Warrenton, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rifles, <a href="#Page_43">43</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Washington, D. C., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Capt. Augustine, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laurence, <a href="#Page_14">14</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_57">57</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wills, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Waugh, James, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +West, Hugh Jr., <a href="#Page_21">21</a><br /> +<br /> +West Point, <a href="#Page_49">49</a><br /> +<br /> +Whittle, Bishop, <a href="#Page_61">61</a><br /> +<br /> +Wiley, James, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Willard Estate, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hotel, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Major, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Belle Willard School, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph Willard Health Center, <a href="#Page_55">55</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Willcoxon, Capt. Rizin, <a href="#Page_24">24</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tavern, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a></span><br /> +<br /> +William & Mary, <a href="#Page_16">16</a><br /> +<br /> +Williamsburg, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a><br /> +<br /> +Williams, Franklin, <a href="#Page_50">50</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">H. C., <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ira, <a href="#Page_34">34</a></span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_41">41</a></span><br /> +<br /> +Wilson, Woodrow, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Wines, Niagara, Delawares, Concords, <a href="#Page_37">37</a><br /> +<br /> +Wren, James, <a href="#Page_30">30</a><br /> +<br /> +Wyatt, Belle Layton, <a href="#Page_55">55</a><br /> +<br /> +Wythe, George, <a href="#Page_27">27</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Y<br /> +<br /> +Yeardley, Gov., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a><br /> +<br /> +Yorkshire, <a href="#Page_48">48</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Z<br /> +<br /> +Zion Church, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a><br /> +</p> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF FAIRFAX***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 31990-h.txt or 31990-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/1/9/9/31990">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/9/9/31990</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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