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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Titanic
+
+Author: Filson Young
+
+Release Date: April 15, 2010 [EBook #31992]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TITANIC ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+TITANIC
+
+
+_BY FILSON YOUNG_
+
+  CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY
+  _Illustrated. Large Post 8vo. 7s. 6d. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  MEMORY HARBOUR
+  ESSAYS CHIEFLY IN DESCRIPTION
+  _Crown 8vo. 5s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  VENUS AND CUPID
+  AN IMPRESSION IN PROSE AFTER VELASQUEZ IN COLOUR
+  Edition limited to 339 copies
+  _With Frontispiece. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  THE SANDS OF PLEASURE
+  _With Frontispiece by_ R. J. PANNETT
+  _Seventy-fourth Thousand_
+  _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  WHEN THE TIDE TURNS
+  _With Frontispiece by_ W. DACRES ADAMS
+  _Twenty-second Thousand_
+  _Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.; sewed, 1s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  IRELAND AT THE CROSS ROADS
+  _Second Edition. Crown 8vo._
+  _Cloth, 3s. 6d. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  MASTERSINGERS
+  _Fifth Edition. Large Post 8vo._
+  _Persian yapp, 5s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  MORE MASTERSINGERS
+  STUDIES IN THE ART OF MUSIC
+  _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  THE WAGNER STORIES
+  _Seventh Impression. Large Post 8vo._
+  _Persian yapp, 5s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  OPERA STORIES
+  _Large Post 8vo. Persian yapp, 5s. net._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  THE LOVER'S HOURS
+  A CYCLE OF POEMS
+  _Fcp. 4to. 2s. 6d. net._
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: 41 deg. 16' N; 50 deg. 14' W.]
+
+
+
+
+                            TITANIC
+
+                              BY
+
+                         FILSON YOUNG
+
+                        [Illustration]
+
+                            LONDON
+                      GRANT RICHARDS LTD.
+                             1912
+
+          CHISWICK PRESS: CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
+              TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+
+    _I will not conceal his parts, nor his power, nor his comely
+      proportion.
+    His scales are his pride, shut up together as with a close seal.
+    One is so near to another, that no air can come between them.
+    They are joined one to another, they stick together, that they
+      cannot be sundered.
+    Out of his mouth go burning lamps, and sparks of fire leap out.
+    Out of his nostrils goeth smoke, as out of a seething pot or caldron.
+    His breath kindleth coals, and a flame goeth out of his mouth.
+    The flakes of his flesh are joined together; they are firm in
+      themselves; they cannot be moved.
+    He maketh the deep to boil like a pot; he maketh the sea like a pot
+      of ointment.
+    He maketh a path to shine after him; one would think the deep to be
+      hoary.
+    Upon earth there is not his like, who is made without fear.
+    He beholdeth all high things; he is a king over all the children of
+      pride._
+
+                                                            Job, xli.
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+If you enter Belfast Harbour early in the morning on the mail steamer
+from Fleetwood you will see far ahead of you a smudge of smoke. At first
+it is nothing but the apex of a great triangle formed by the heights on
+one side, the green wooded shores on the other, and the horizon astern.
+As you go on the triangle becomes narrower, the blue waters smoother,
+and the ship glides on in a triangle of her own--a triangle of white foam
+that is parallel to the green triangle of the shore. Behind you the
+Copeland Lighthouse keeps guard over the sunrise and the tumbling surges
+of the Channel, before you is the cloud of smoke that joins the
+narrowing shores like a gray canopy; and there is no sound but the rush
+of foam past the ship's side.
+
+You seem to be making straight for a gray mud flat; but as you approach
+you see a narrow lane of water opening in the mud and shingle. Two low
+banks, like the banks of a canal, thrust out their ends into the waters
+of the lough; and presently, her speed reduced to dead slow, the ship
+enters between these low mud banks, which are called the Twin Islands.
+So narrow is the lane that as she enters the water rises on the shingle
+banks and flows in waves on either side of her like two gray horses with
+white manes that canter slowly along, a solemn escort, until the channel
+between the islands is passed. Day and night, winter and summer, these
+two gray horses are always waiting; no ship ever surprises them asleep;
+no ship enters but they rise up and shake their manes and accompany her
+with their flowing, cantering motion along the confines of their
+territory. And when you have passed the gates that they guard you are in
+Belfast Harbour, in still and muddy water that smells of the land and
+not of the sea; for you seem already to be far from the things of the
+sea.
+
+As you have entered the narrow channel a new sound, also far different
+from the liquid sounds of the sea, falls on your ear; at first a low
+sonorous murmuring like the sound of bees in a giant hive, that rises to
+a ringing continuous music--the multitudinous clamour of thousands of
+blows of metal on metal. And turning to look whence the sound arises you
+seem indeed to have left the last of the things of the sea behind you;
+for on your left, on the flattest of the mud flats, arises a veritable
+forest of iron; a leafless forest, of thousands upon thousands of bare
+rusty trunks and branches that tower higher than any forest trees in our
+land, and look like the ruins of some giant grove submerged by the sea
+in the brown autumn of its life, stripped of its leaves and laid bare
+again, the dead and rusty remnants of a forest. There is nothing with
+any broad or continuous surface--only thousands and thousands of iron
+branches with the gray sky and the smoke showing through them
+everywhere, giant cobwebs hanging between earth and the sky, intricate,
+meaningless networks of trunks and branches and sticks and twigs of
+iron.
+
+But as you glide nearer still you see that the forest is not lifeless,
+nor its branches deserted. From the bottom to the topmost boughs it is
+crowded with a life that at first seems like that of mites in the
+interstices of some rotting fabric, and then like birds crowding the
+branches of the leafless forest, and finally appears as a multitude of
+pigmy men swarming and toiling amid the skeleton iron structures that
+are as vast as cathedrals and seem as frail as gossamer. It is from them
+that the clamour arises, the clamour that seemed so gentle and musical a
+mile away, and that now, as you come closer, grows strident and
+deafening. Of all the sounds produced by man's labour in the world this
+sound of a great shipbuilding yard is the most painful. Only the
+harshest materials and the harshest actions are engaged in producing it:
+iron struck upon iron, or steel smitten upon steel, or steel upon iron,
+or iron upon steel--that and nothing else, day in, day out, year in and
+year out, a million times a minute. It is an endless, continuous
+birth-agony, that should herald the appearance of some giant soul. And
+great indeed should be the overture to such an agony; for it is here
+that of fire and steel, and the sweat and pain of millions of hours of
+strong men's labour, were born those two giant children that were
+destined by man finally to conquer the sea.
+
+In this awful womb the _Titanic_ took shape. For months and months in
+that monstrous iron enclosure there was nothing that had the faintest
+likeness to a ship; only something that might have been the iron
+scaffolding for the naves of half-a-dozen cathedrals laid end to end.
+Far away, furnaces were smelting thousands and thousands of tons of raw
+material that finally came to this place in the form of great girders
+and vast lumps of metal, huge framings, hundreds of miles of stays and
+rods and straps of steel, thousands of plates, not one of which twenty
+men could lift unaided; millions of rivets and bolts--all the heaviest
+and most sinkable things in the world. And still nothing in the shape
+of a ship that could float upon the sea. The seasons followed each
+other, the sun rose now behind the heights of Carrickfergus and now
+behind the Copeland Islands; daily the ships came in from fighting with
+the boisterous seas, and the two gray horses cantered beside them as
+they slid between the islands; daily the endless uproar went on, and the
+tangle of metal beneath the cathedral scaffolding grew denser. A great
+road of steel, nearly a quarter of a mile long, was laid at last--a road
+so heavy and so enduring that it might have been built for the triumphal
+progress of some giant railway train. Men said that this roadway was the
+keel of a ship; but you could not look at it and believe them.
+
+The scaffolding grew higher; and as it grew the iron branches multiplied
+and grew with it, higher and higher towards the sky, until it seemed as
+though man were rearing a temple which would express all he knew of
+grandeur and sublimity, and all he knew of solidity and
+permanence--something that should endure there, rooted to the soil of
+Queen's Island for ever. The uproar and the agony increased. In quiet
+studios and offices clear brains were busy with drawings and
+calculations and subtle elaborate mathematical processes, sifting and
+applying the tabulated results of years of experience. The drawings came
+in time to the place of uproar; were magnified and subdivided and taken
+into grimy workshops; and steam-hammers and steam-saws smote and ripped
+at the brute metal, to shape it in accordance with the shapes on the
+paper. And still the ships, big and little, came nosing in from the high
+seas--little dusty colliers from the Tyne, and battered schooners from
+the coast, and timber ships from the Baltic, and trim mail steamers,
+and giants of the ocean creeping in wounded for succour--all solemnly
+received by the twin gray horses and escorted to their stations in the
+harbour. But the greatest giant of all that came in, which dwarfed
+everything else visible to the eye, was itself dwarfed to insignificance
+by the great cathedral building on the island.
+
+The seasons passed; the creatures who wrought and clambered among the
+iron branches, and sang their endless song of labour there, felt the
+steel chill beneath the frosts of winter, and burning hot beneath the
+sun's rays in summer, until at last the skeleton within the scaffolding
+began to take a shape, at the sight of which men held their breaths. It
+was the shape of a ship, a ship so monstrous and unthinkable that it
+towered high over the buildings and dwarfed the very mountains beside
+the water. It seemed like some impious blasphemy that man should fashion
+this most monstrous and ponderable of all his creations into the
+likeness of a thing that could float upon the yielding waters. And still
+the arms swung and the hammers rang, the thunder and din continued, and
+the gray horses shook their manes and cantered along beneath the shadow,
+and led the little ships in from the sea and out again as though no
+miracle were about to happen.
+
+A little more than its own length of water lay between the iron forest
+and the opposite shore, in which to loose this tremendous structure from
+its foundations and slide it into the sea. The thought that it should
+ever be moved from its place, except by an earthquake, was a thought
+that the mind could not conceive, nor could anyone looking at it accept
+the possibility that by any method this vast tonnage of metal could be
+borne upon the surface of the waters. Yet, like an evil dream, as it
+took the shape of a giant ship, all the properties of a ship began to
+appear and increase in hideous exaggeration. A rudder as big as a giant
+elm tree, bosses and bearings of propellers the size of a
+windmill--everything was on a nightmare scale; and underneath the iron
+foundations of the cathedral floor men were laying on concrete beds
+pavements of oak and great cradles of timber and iron, and sliding ways
+of pitch pine to support the bulk of the monster when she was moved,
+every square inch of the pavement surface bearing a weight of more than
+two tons. Twenty tons of tallow were spread upon the ways, and hydraulic
+rams and triggers built and fixed against the bulk of the ship so that,
+when the moment came, the waters she was to conquer should thrust her
+finally from earth.
+
+And the time did come. The branching forest became clothed and thick
+with leaves of steel. Within the scaffoldings now towered the walls of
+the cathedral, and what had been a network of girders and cantilevers
+and gantries and bridges became a building with floors, a ship with
+decks. The skeleton ribs became covered with skins of wood, the metal
+decks clothed with planks smooth as a ball-room floor. What had been a
+building of iron became a town, with miles of streets and hundreds of
+separate houses and buildings in it. The streets were laid out; the
+houses were decorated and furnished with luxuries such as no palace ever
+knew.
+
+And then, while men held their breath, the whole thing moved, moved
+bodily, obedient to the tap of the imprisoned waters in the ram. There
+was no christening ceremony such as celebrates the launching of lesser
+ships. Only the waters themselves dared to give the impulse that should
+set this monster afloat. The waters touched the cradle, and the cradle
+moved on the ways, carrying the ship down towards the waters. And when
+the cradle stopped the ship moved on; slowly at first, then with a
+movement that grew quicker until it increased to the speed of a
+fast-trotting horse, touching the waters, dipping into them, cleaving
+them, forcing them asunder in waves and ripples that fled astonished to
+the surrounding shores; finally resting and floating upon them, while
+thousands of the pigmy men who had roosted in the bare iron branches,
+who had raised the hideous clamour amid which the giant was born,
+greeted their handiwork, dropped their tools, and raised their hoarse
+voices in a cheer.
+
+The miracle had happened. And the day came when the two gray horses
+were summoned to their greatest task; when, with necks proudly arched
+and their white manes flung higher than ever, they escorted the
+_Titanic_ between the islands out to sea.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+
+At noon on Wednesday, 10th April 1912, the _Titanic_ started from
+Southampton on her maiden voyage. Small enough was her experience of the
+sea before that day. Many hands had handled her; many tugs had fussed
+about her, pulling and pushing her this way and that as she was
+manoeuvred in the waters of Belfast Lough and taken out to the entrance
+to smell the sea. There she had been swung and her compasses adjusted.
+Three or four hours had sufficed for her trial trip, and she had first
+felt her own power in the Irish Sea, when all her new machinery working
+together, at first with a certain reserve and diffidence, had tested and
+tried its various functions, and she had come down through St. George's
+Channel and round by the Lizard, and past the Eddystone and up the
+Solent to Southampton Water, feeling a little hustled and strange, no
+doubt, but finding this business of ploughing the seas surprisingly easy
+after all. And now, on the day of sailing, amid the cheers of a crowd
+unusually vast even for Southampton Docks, the largest ship in the world
+slid away from the deep-water jetty to begin her sea life in earnest.
+
+In the first few minutes her giant powers made themselves felt. As she
+was slowly gathering way she passed the liner _New York_, another ocean
+monarch, which was lying like a rock moored by seven great hawsers of
+iron and steel. As the _Titanic_ passed, some mysterious compelling
+influence of the water displaced by her vast bulk drew the _New York_
+towards her; snapped one by one the great steel hawsers and pulled the
+liner from the quayside as though she had been a cork. Not until she was
+within fifteen feet of the _Titanic_, when a collision seemed imminent,
+did the ever-present tugs lay hold of her and haul her back to
+captivity.
+
+Even to the most experienced traveller the first few hours on a new ship
+are very confusing; in the case of a ship like this, containing the
+population of a village, they are bewildering. So the eight hours spent
+by the _Titanic_ in crossing from Southampton to Cherbourg would be
+spent by most of her passengers in taking their bearings, trying to find
+their way about and looking into all the wonders of which the voyage
+made them free. There were luxuries enough in the second class, and
+comforts enough in the third to make the ship a wonder on that account
+alone; but it was the first-class passengers, used as they were to all
+the extravagant luxuries of modern civilized life, on whom the
+discoveries of that first day of sun and wind in the Channel must have
+come with the greatest surprise. They had heard the ship described as a
+floating hotel; but as they began to explore her they must have found
+that she contained resources of a perfection unattained by any hotel,
+and luxuries of a kind unknown in palaces. The beauties of French
+chateaux and of English country-houses of the great period had been
+dexterously combined with that supreme form of comfort which the modern
+English and Americans have raised to the dignity of a fine art. Such a
+palace as a great artist, a great epicure, a great poet and the most
+spoilt and pampered woman in the world might have conjured up from their
+imagination in an idle hour was here materialized and set, not in a
+fixed landscape of park and woodland, but on the dustless road of the
+sea, with the sunshine of an English April pouring in on every side, and
+the fresh salt airs of the Channel filling every corner with tonic
+oxygen.
+
+Catalogues of marvels and mere descriptions of wonders are tiresome
+reading, and produce little effect on the mind; yet if we are to realize
+the full significance of this story of the _Titanic_, we must begin as
+her passengers began, with an impression of the lavish luxury and beauty
+which was the setting of life on board. And we can do no better than
+follow in imagination the footsteps of one ideal voyager as he must have
+discovered, piece by piece, the wonders of this floating pleasure house.
+
+If he was a wise traveller he would have climbed to the highest point
+available as the ship passed down the Solent, and that would be the
+boat-deck, which was afterwards to be the stage of so tragic a drama.
+At the forward end of it was the bridge--that sacred area paved with
+snow-white gratings and furnished with many brightly-polished
+instruments. Here were telephones to all the vital parts of the ship,
+telegraphs to the engine room and to the fo'c'stle head and
+after-bridge; revolving switches for closing the water-tight doors in
+case of emergency; speaking-tubes, electric switches for operating the
+foghorns and sirens--all the nerves, in fact, necessary to convey
+impulses from this brain of the ship to her various members. Behind the
+bridge on either side were the doors leading to the officers' quarters;
+behind them again, the Marconi room--a mysterious temple full of
+glittering machines of brass, vulcanite, glass, and platinum, with
+straggling wires and rows of switches and fuse boxes, and a high priest,
+young, clean-shaven, alert and intelligent, sitting with a telephone
+cap over his head, sending out or receiving the whispers of the ether.
+Behind this opened the grand staircase, an imposing sweep of decoration
+in the Early English style, with plain and solid panelling relieved here
+and there with lovely specimens of deep and elaborate carving in the
+manner of Grinling Gibbons; the work of the two greatest wood-carvers in
+England. Aft of this again the white pathway of the deck led by the
+doors and windows of the gymnasium, where the athletes might keep in
+fine condition; and beyond that the white roof above ended and the rest
+was deck-space open to the sun and the air, and perhaps also to the
+smoke and smuts of the four vast funnels that towered in buff and black
+into the sky--each so vast that it would have served as a tunnel for a
+railway train.
+
+But the ship has gathered way, and is sliding along past the Needles,
+where the little white lighthouse looks so paltry beside the towering
+cliff. The Channel air is keen, and the bugles are sounding for lunch;
+and our traveller goes down the staircase, noticing perhaps, as he
+passes, the great clock with its figures which symbolize Honour and
+Glory crowning Time. Honour and Glory must have felt just a little
+restive as, having crowned one o'clock, they looked down from Time upon
+the throng of people descending the staircase to lunch. There were a few
+there who had earned, and many who had received, the honour and glory
+represented by extreme wealth; but the two figures stooping over the
+clock may have felt that Success crowning Opportunity would have been a
+symbol more befitting the first-class passengers of the _Titanic_.
+Perhaps they looked more kindly as one white-haired old man passed
+beneath--W. T. Stead, that untiring old warrior and fierce campaigner in
+peaceful causes, who in fields where honour and glory were to be found
+sought always for the true and not the false. There were many kinds of
+men there--not every kind, for it is not every man who can pay from fifty
+to eight hundred guineas for a four days' journey; but most kinds of men
+and women who can afford to do that were represented there.
+
+Our solitary traveller, going down the winding staircase, does not pause
+on the first floor, for that leads forward to private apartments, and
+aft to a writing-room and library; nor on the second or third, for the
+entrance-halls there lead to state-rooms; but on the fourth floor down
+he steps out into a reception room extending to the full width of the
+ship and of almost as great a length. Nothing of the sea's restrictions
+or discomforts here! Before him is an Aubusson tapestry, copied from
+one of the "Chasses de Guise" series of the National Garde-Meuble; and
+in this wide apartment there is a sense, not of the cramping necessities
+of the sea, but of all the leisured and spacious life of the land.
+Through this luxurious emptiness the imposing dignities of the
+dining-saloon are reached; and here indeed all the insolent splendour of
+the ship is centred. It was by far the largest room that had ever
+floated upon the seas, and by far the largest room that had ever moved
+from one place to another. The seventeenth-century style of Hatfield and
+Haddon Hall had been translated from the sombreness of oak to the
+lightness of enamelled white. Artist-plasterers had moulded the lovely
+Jacobean ceiling, artist-stainers had designed and made the great
+painted windows through which the bright sea-sunlight was filtered; and
+when the whole company of three hundred was seated at the tables it
+seemed not much more than half full, since more than half as many again
+could find places there without the least crowding. There, amid the
+strains of gay music and the hum of conversation and the subdued clatter
+of silver and china and the low throb of the engines, the gay company
+takes its first meal on the _Titanic_. And as our traveller sits there
+solitary, he remembers that this is not all, that in another great
+saloon farther off another three hundred passengers of the second-class
+are also at lunch, and that on the floor below him another seven hundred
+of the third-class, and in various other places near a thousand of the
+crew, are also having their meal. All a little oppressive to read about,
+perhaps, but wonderful to contrive and arrange. It is what everyone is
+thinking and talking about who sits at those luxurious tables, loaded
+not with sea-fare, but with dainty and perishable provisions for which
+half the countries of the world have been laid under tribute.
+
+The music flows on and the smooth service accomplishes itself; Honour
+and Glory, high up under the wrought-iron dome of the staircase, are
+crowning another hour of Time; and our traveller comes up into the fresh
+air again in order to assure himself that he is really at sea. The
+electric lift whisks him up four storeys to the deck again; there all
+around him are the blue-gray waters of the Channel surging in a white
+commotion past the towering sides of the ship, spurned by the tremendous
+rush and momentum of these fifty thousand tons through the sea. This
+time our traveller stops short of the boat-deck, and begins to explore
+the far vaster B deck which, sheltered throughout its great length by
+the boat-deck above, and free from all impediments, extends like a vast
+white roadway on either side of the central deck. Here the busy deck
+stewards are arranging chairs in the places that will be occupied by
+them throughout the voyage. Here, as on the parade of a fashionable
+park, people are taking their walks in the afternoon sunshine.
+
+From the staircase forward the deck houses are devoted to apartments
+which are still by force of habit called cabins, but which have nothing
+in fact to distinguish them from the most luxurious habitations ashore,
+except that no dust ever enters them and that the air is always fresh
+from the open spaces of the sea. They are not for the solitary
+traveller; but our friend perhaps is curious and peeps in through an
+uncurtained window. There is a complete habitation with bed-rooms,
+sitting-room, bath-room and service-room complete. They breathe an
+atmosphere of more than mechanical luxury, more than material
+pleasures. Twin bedsteads, perfect examples of Empire or Louis Seize,
+symbolize the romance to which the most extravagant luxury in the world
+is but a minister. Instead of ports there are windows--windows that look
+straight out on to the blue sea, as might the windows of a castle on a
+cliff. Instead of stoves or radiators there are open grates, where fires
+of sea-coal are burning brightly. Every suite is in a different style,
+and each and all are designed and furnished by artists; and the love and
+repose of millionaires can be celebrated in surroundings of Adam or
+Hepplewhite, or Louis Quatorze or the Empire, according to their tastes.
+And for the hire of each of these theatres the millionaire must pay some
+two hundred guineas a day, with the privilege of being quite alone, cut
+off from the common herd who are only paying perhaps five-and-twenty
+pounds a day, and with the privilege, if he chooses, of seeing nothing
+at all that has to do with a ship, not even the sea.
+
+For there is one thing that the designers of this sea-palace seem to
+have forgotten and seem to be a little ashamed of--and that is the sea
+itself. There it lies, an eternal prospect beyond these curtained
+windows, by far the most lovely and wonderful thing visible; but it
+seems to be forgotten there. True, there is a smoke-room at the after
+extremity of the deck below this, whose windows look out into a great
+verandah sheeted in with glass from which you cannot help looking upon
+the sea. But in order to counteract as much as possible that austere and
+lovely reminder of where we are, trellis-work has been raised within the
+glass, and great rose-trees spread and wander all over it, reminding you
+by their crimson blossoms of the earth and the land, and the scented
+shelter of gardens that are far from the boisterous stress of the sea.
+No spray ever drifts in at these heights, no froth or spume can ever in
+the wildest storms beat upon this verandah. Here, too, as almost
+everywhere else on the ship, you can, if you will, forget the sea.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+
+The first afternoon at sea seems long: every face is strange, and it
+seems as though in so vast a crowd none will ever become familiar,
+although one of the miracles of sea-life is the way in which the blurred
+crowd resolves itself into individual units, each of which has its
+character and significance. And if we are really to know and understand
+and not merely to hear with our ears the tale of what happened to the
+greatest ship in the world, we must first prepare and soak our minds in
+her atmosphere, and take in imagination that very voyage which began so
+happily on this April day. At the end of the afternoon came the coast of
+France, and Cherbourg--a sunset memory of a long breakwater, a distant
+cliff crowned with a white building, a fussing of tugs and hasty
+transference of passengers and mails; and finally the lighthouse showing
+a golden star against the sunset, when the great ship's head was turned
+to the red west, and the muffled and murmuring song of the engines was
+taken up again. Perhaps our traveller, bent upon more discoveries, dined
+that night not in the saloon, but in the restaurant, and, following the
+illuminated electric signs that pointed the way along the numerous
+streets and roads of the ship, found his way aft to the Cafe-Restaurant;
+where instead of stewards were French waiters and a _maitre d'hotel_
+from Paris, and all the perfection of that perfect and expensive service
+which condescends to give you a meal for something under a five-pound
+note; where, surrounded by Louis Seize panelling of fawn-coloured
+walnut, you may on this April evening eat your plovers' eggs and
+strawberries, and drink your 1900 Clicquot, and that in perfect oblivion
+of the surrounding sea. Afterwards, perhaps, a stroll on the deck amid
+groups of people, not swathed in pea-jackets or oilskins, but attired as
+though for the opera; and all the time, in an atmosphere golden with
+light, and musical with low-talking voices and the yearning strains of a
+waltz, driving five-and-twenty miles an hour westward, with the black
+night and the sea all about us. And then to bed, not in a bunk in a
+cabin but in a bedstead in a quiet room with a telephone through which
+to speak to any one of two thousand people, and a message handed in
+before you go to sleep that someone wrote in New York since you rose
+from the dinner-table.
+
+The next morning the scene at Cherbourg was repeated, with the fair
+green shores of Cork Harbour instead of the cliffs of France for its
+setting; and then quietly, without fuss, in the early afternoon of
+Thursday, out round the green point, beyond the headland, and the great
+ship has steadied on her course and on the long sea-road at last. How
+worn it is! How seamed and furrowed and printed with the track-lines of
+journeys innumerable; how changing, and yet how unchanged--the road that
+leads to Archangel or Sicily, to Ceylon or to the frozen Pole; the old
+road that leads to the ruined gateways of Phoenicia, of Venice, of Tyre;
+the new road that leads to new lives and new lands; the dustless road,
+the long road that all must travel who in body or in spirit would really
+discover a new world. And travel on it as you may for tens of thousands
+of miles, you come back to it always with the same sense of expectation,
+never wholly disappointed; and always with the same certainty that you
+will find at the turn or corner of the road, either some new thing or
+the renewal of something old.
+
+There is no human experience in which the phenomena of small varieties
+within one large monotony are so clearly exemplified as in a sea-voyage.
+The dreary beginnings of docks, of baggage, and soiled harbour water;
+the quite hopeless confusion of strange faces--faces entirely collective,
+comprising a mere crowd; the busy highway of the Channel, sunlit or dim
+with mist or rain, or lighted and bright at night like the main street
+of a city; the last outpost, the Lizard, with its high gray cliffs,
+green-roofed, with tiny homesteads perched on the ridge; or Ushant, that
+tall monitory tower upstanding on the melancholy misty flats; or the
+solitary Fastnet, lonely, ultimate and watching--these form the familiar
+overture to the subsequent isolation and vacancy of the long road
+itself. There are the same day and night of disturbance, the vacant
+places at table, the prone figures, swathed and motionless in
+deck-chairs, the morning of brilliant sunshine, when the light that
+streams into the cabins has a vernal strangeness and wonder for
+town-dimmed eyes; the gradual emergence of new faces and doubtful
+staggering back of the demoralized to the blessed freshness of the upper
+air; the tentative formation of groups and experimental alliances, the
+rapid disintegration of these and re-formation on entirely new lines;
+and then that miracle of unending interest and wonder, that the faces
+that were only the blurred material of a crowd begin one by one to
+emerge from the background and detach themselves from the mass, to take
+on identity, individuality, character, till what was a crowd of
+uninteresting, unidentified humanity becomes a collection of individual
+persons with whom one's destinies for the time are strangely and
+unaccountably bound up; among whom one may have acquaintances, friends,
+or perhaps enemies; who for the inside of a week are all one's world of
+men and women.
+
+There are few alterative agents so powerful and sure in their working as
+latitude and longitude; and as we slide across new degrees, habit,
+association, custom, and ideas slip one by one imperceptibly away from
+us; we come really into a new world, and if we had no hearts and no
+memories we should soon become different people. But the heart lives its
+own life, spinning gossamer threads that float away astern across time
+and space, joining us invisibly to that which made and fashioned us, and
+to which we hope to return.
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+
+Wonderful, even for experienced travellers, is that first waking to a
+day on which there shall be no sight of the shore, and the first of
+several days of isolation in the world of a ship. There is a quality in
+the morning sunshine at sea as it streams into the ship and is reflected
+in the white paint and sparkling water of the bath-rooms, and in the
+breeze that blows cool and pure along the corridors, that is like
+nothing else. The company on the _Titanic_ woke up on Friday morning to
+begin in earnest their four days of isolated life. Our traveller, who
+has found out so many things about the ship, has not found out
+everything yet; and he continues his explorations, with the advantage,
+perhaps, of a special permit from the Captain or Chief Engineer to
+explore other quarters of the floating city besides that in which he
+lives. Let us, with him, try to form some general conception of the
+internal arrangements of the ship.
+
+The great superstructure of decks amidships which catches the eye so
+prominently in a picture or photograph, was but, in reality, a small
+part, although the most luxurious part, of the vessel. Speaking roughly,
+one might describe it as consisting of three decks, five hundred feet
+long, devoted almost exclusively to the accommodation of first-class
+passengers, with the exception of the officers' quarters (situated
+immediately aft of the bridge on the top deck of all), and the
+second-class smoking-room and library, at the after end of the
+superstructure on the third and fourth decks. With these exceptions, in
+this great four-storied building were situated all the most magnificent
+and palatial accommodations of the ship. Immediately beneath it,
+amidships, in the steadiest part of the vessel where any movement would
+be least felt, was the first-class dining saloon, with the pantries and
+kitchens immediately aft of it. Two decks below it were the third-class
+dining saloons and kitchens; below them again, separated by a heavy
+steel deck, were the boiler-rooms and coal bunkers, resting on the
+cellular double bottom of the ship. Immediately aft of the boiler-rooms
+came the two engine-rooms; the forward and larger one of the two
+contained the reciprocating engines which drove the twin screws, and the
+after one the turbine engine for driving the large centre propeller.
+
+Forward and aft of this centre part of the ship, which in reality
+occupied about two-thirds of her whole length, were two smaller
+sections, divided (again one speaks roughly) between second-class
+accommodation, stores and cargo in the stern section, and third-class
+berths, crew's quarters and cargo in the bow section. But although the
+first-class accommodation was all amidships, and the second-class all
+aft, that of the third-class was scattered about in such blank spaces as
+could be found for it. Thus most of the berths were forward, immediately
+behind the fo'c'stle, some were right aft; the dining-room was
+amidships, and the smoke-room in the extreme stern, over the rudder; and
+to enjoy a smoke or game of cards a third-class passenger who was
+berthed forward would have to walk the whole length of the ship and back
+again, a walk not far short of half a mile. This gives one an idea of
+how much more the ship resembled a town than a house. A third-class
+passenger did not walk from his bedroom to his parlour; he walked from
+the house where he lived in the forward part of the ship to the club a
+quarter of a mile away where he was to meet his friends.
+
+If, thinking of the _Titanic_ storming along westward across the
+Atlantic, you could imagine her to be split in half from bow to stern so
+that you could look, as one looks at the section of a hive, upon all her
+manifold life thus suddenly laid bare, you would find in her a microcosm
+of civilized society. Up on the top are the rulers, surrounded by the
+rich and the luxurious, enjoying the best of everything; a little way
+below them their servants and parasites, ministering not so much to
+their necessities as to their luxuries; lower down still, at the very
+base and foundation of all, the fierce and terrible labour of the
+stokeholds, where the black slaves are shovelling and shovelling as
+though for dear life, endlessly pouring coal into furnaces that devoured
+it and yet ever demanded a new supply--horrible labour, joyless life; and
+yet the labour that gives life and movement to the whole ship. Up above
+are all the beautiful things, the pleasant things; down below are the
+terrible and necessary things. Up above are the people who rest and
+enjoy; down below the people who sweat and suffer.
+
+Consider too the whirl of life and multitude of human employments that
+you would have found had you peered into this section of the ship that
+we are supposing to have been laid bare. Honour and Glory, let us say,
+have just crowned ten o'clock in the morning beneath the great dome of
+glass and iron that covers the central staircase. Someone has just come
+down and posted a notice on the board--a piece of wireless news of
+something that happened in London last night. In one of the sunny
+bed-rooms (for our section lays everything bare) someone is turning over
+in bed again and telling a maid to shut out the sun. Eighty feet below
+her the black slaves are working in a fiery pit; ten feet below them is
+the green sea. A business-like-looking group have just settled down to
+bridge in the first-class smoking-room. The sea does not exist for them,
+nor the ship; the roses that bloom upon the trellis-work by the verandah
+interest them no more than the pageant of white clouds which they could
+see if they looked out of the wide windows. Down below the chief
+steward, attended by his satellites, is visiting the stores and getting
+from the store-keeper the necessaries for his day's catering. He has
+plenty to draw from. In those cold chambers behind the engine-room are
+gathered provisions which seem almost inexhaustible for any population;
+for the imagination does not properly take in the meaning of such items
+as a hundred thousand pounds of beef, thirty thousand fresh eggs, fifty
+tons of potatoes, a thousand pounds of tea, twelve hundred quarts of
+cream. In charge of the chief steward also, to be checked by him at the
+end of each voyage, are the china and glass, the cutlery and plate of
+the ship, amounting in all to some ninety thousand pieces. But there he
+is, quietly at work with the store-keeper; and not far from him, in
+another room or series of rooms, another official dealing with the
+thousands upon thousands of pieces of linen for bed and table with which
+the town is supplied.
+
+Everything is on a monstrous scale. The centre anchor, which it took a
+team of sixteen great horses to drag on a wooden trolley, weighs over
+fifteen tons; its cable will hold a dead weight of three hundred tons.
+The very rudder, that mere slender and almost invisible appendage under
+the counter, is eighty feet high and weighs a hundred tons. The men on
+the look-out do not climb up the shrouds and ratlines in the old sea
+fashion; the mast is hollow and contains a stairway; there is a door in
+it from which they come out to take their place in the crow's nest.
+
+Are you weary of such statistics? They were among the things on which
+men thought with pride on those sunny April days in the Atlantic. Man
+can seldom think of himself apart from his environment, and the house
+and place in which he lives are ever a preoccupation with all men. From
+the clerk in his little jerry-built villa to the king in his castle,
+what the house is, what it is built of, how it is equipped and adorned,
+are matters of vital interest. And if that is true of land, where all
+the webs of life are connected and intercrossed, how much more must it
+be true when a man sets his house afloat upon the sea; detaches it from
+all other houses and from the world, and literally commits himself to
+it. This was the greatest sea town that had ever been built; these were
+the first inhabitants of it; theirs were the first lives that were lived
+in these lovely rooms; this was one of the greatest companies that had
+ever been afloat together within the walls of one ship. No wonder they
+were proud; no wonder they were preoccupied with the source of their
+pride.
+
+But things stranger still to the life of the sea are happening in some
+of the hundreds of cells which our giant section-knife has laid bare. An
+orchestra is practising in one of them; in another, some one is catching
+live trout from a pond; Post Office sorters are busy in another with
+letters for every quarter of the western world; in a garage,
+mechanicians are cleaning half a dozen motor-cars; the rippling tones of
+a piano sound from a drawing-room where people are quietly reading in
+deep velvet armchairs surrounded by books and hothouse flowers; in
+another division people are diving and swimming in a great bath in water
+deep enough to drown a tall man; in another an energetic game of squash
+racquets is in progress; and in great open spaces, on which it is only
+surprising that turf is not laid, people by hundreds are sunning
+themselves and breathing the fresh air, utterly unconscious of all these
+other activities on which we have been looking. For even here, as
+elsewhere, half of the world does not know and does not care how the
+other half lives.
+
+All this magnitude had been designed and adapted for the realization of
+two chief ends--comfort and stability. We have perhaps heard enough
+about the arrangements for comfort; but the more vital matter had
+received no less anxious attention. Practically all of the space below
+the water-line was occupied by the heaviest things in the ship--the
+boilers, the engines, the coal bunkers and the cargo. And the
+arrangement of her bulkheads, those tough steel walls that divide a
+ship's hull into separate compartments, was such that her designers
+believed that no possible accident short of an explosion in her boilers
+could sink her. If she rammed any obstruction head on, her bows might
+crumple up, but the steel walls stretching across her hull--and there
+were fifteen of them--would prevent the damage spreading far enough aft
+to sink her. If her broadside was rammed by another ship, and one or
+even two of these compartments pierced, even then the rest would be
+sufficient to hold her up at least for a day or two. These bulkheads
+were constructed of heavy sheet steel, and extended from the very bottom
+of the ship to a point well above the water-line. Necessarily there were
+openings in them in order to make possible communication between the
+different parts of the ship. These openings were the size of an ordinary
+doorway and fitted with heavy steel doors--not hinged doors, but panels,
+sliding closely in water-tight grooves on either side of the opening.
+There were several ways of closing them; but once closed they offered a
+resistance as solid as that of the bulkheads.
+
+The method of opening and closing them was one of the many marvels of
+modern engineering. The heavy steel doors were held up above the
+openings by a series of friction clutches. Up on the bridge were
+switches connected with powerful electro-magnets at the side of the
+bulkhead openings. The operation of the switches caused each magnet to
+draw down a heavy weight which instantly released the friction clutches,
+so that the doors would slide down in a second or two into their places,
+a gong ringing at the same time to warn anyone who might be passing
+through to get out of the way. The clutches could also be released by
+hand. But if for any reason the electric machinery should fail, there
+was a provision made for closing them automatically in case the ship
+should be flooded with water. Down in the double bottom of the ship were
+arranged a series of floats connected with each set of bulkhead doors.
+In the event of water reaching the compartment below the doors, it would
+raise the floats, which, in their turn, would release the clutches and
+drop the doors. These great bulkheads were no new experiment; they had
+been tried and proved. When the White Star liner _Suevic_ was wrecked a
+few years ago off the Lizard, it was decided to divide the part of her
+which was floating from the part which was embedded in the rocks; and
+she was cut in two just forward of the main collision bulkhead, and the
+larger half of her towed into port with no other protection from the sea
+than this vast steel wall which, nevertheless, easily kept her afloat.
+And numberless other ships have owed their lives to the resisting power
+of these steel bulkheads and the quick operation of the sliding doors.
+
+As for the enormous weight that made for the _Titanic's_ stability, it
+was, as I have said, contained chiefly in the boilers, machinery and
+coal. The coal bunkers were like a lining running round the boilers, not
+only at the sides of the ship, but also across her whole breadth, thus
+increasing the solidity of the steel bulkheads; and when it is
+remembered that her steam was supplied by twenty-nine boilers, each of
+them the size of a large room, and fired by a hundred and fifty-nine
+furnaces, the enormous weight of this part of the ship may be dimly
+realized.
+
+There are two lives lived side by side on such a voyage, the life of the
+passengers and the life of the ship. From a place high up on the
+boat-deck our traveller can watch the progress of these two lives. The
+passengers play games or walk about, or sit idling drowsily in deck
+chairs, with their eyes straying constantly from the unheeded book to
+the long horizon, or noting the trivial doings of other idlers. The
+chatter of their voices, the sound of their games, the faint tinkle of
+music floating up from the music-room are eloquent of one of these
+double lives; there on the bridge is an expression of the other--the
+bridge in all its spick-and-span sanctities, with the officers of the
+watch in their trim uniform, the stolid quartermaster at the wheel, and
+his equally stolid companion of the watch who dreams his four hours away
+on the starboard side of the bridge almost as motionless as the bright
+brass binnacles and standards, and the telegraphs that point
+unchangeably down to Full Ahead....
+
+The Officer of the watch has a sextant at his eye. One by one the
+Captain, the Chief, the Second and the Fourth, all come silently up and
+direct their sextants to the horizon. The quartermaster comes and
+touches his cap: "Twelve o'clock, Sir." There is silence--a deep sunny
+silence, broken only by the low tones of the Captain to the Chief: "What
+have you got?" says the Captain. "Thirty," says the Chief,
+"Twenty-nine," says the Third. There is another space of sunny silent
+seconds; the Captain takes down his sextant. "Make it eight bells," he
+says. Four double strokes resound from the bridge and are echoed from
+the fo'c'stle head; and the great moment of the day, the moment that
+means so much, is over. The officers retire with pencils and papers and
+tables of logarithms; the clock on the staircase is put back, and the
+day's run posted; from the deck float up the sounds of a waltz and
+laughing voices; Time and the world flow on with us again.
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+
+For anything that the eye could see the _Titanic_, in all her strength
+and splendour, was solitary on the ocean. From the highest of her decks
+nothing could be seen but sea and sky, a vast circle of floor and dome
+of which, for all her speed of five-and-twenty miles an hour, she
+remained always the centre. But it was only to the sense of sight that
+she seemed thus solitary. The North Atlantic, waste of waters though it
+appears, is really a country crossed and divided by countless tracks as
+familiar to the seaman as though they were roads marked by trees and
+milestones. Latitude and longitude, which to a landsman seem mere
+mathematical abstractions, represent to seamen thousands and thousands
+of definite points which, in their relation to sun and stars and the
+measured lapse of time, are each as familiar and as accessible as any
+spot on a main road is to a landsman. The officer on the bridge may see
+nothing through his glasses but clouds and waves, yet in his mind's eye
+he sees not only his own position on the map, which he could fix
+accurately within a quarter of a mile, but the movements of dozens of
+other ships coming or going along the great highways. Each ship takes
+its own road, but it is a road that passes through a certain known
+territory; the great liners all know each other's movements and where or
+when they are likely to meet. Many of such meetings are invisible; it is
+called a meeting at sea if ships pass twenty or thirty miles away from
+each other and far out of sight.
+
+For there are other senses besides that of sight which now pierce the
+darkness and span the waste distances of the ocean. It is no voiceless
+solitude through which the _Titanic_ goes on her way. It is full of
+whispers, summonses, questions, narratives; full of information to the
+listening ear. High up on the boat deck the little white house to which
+the wires straggle down from the looped threads between the mastheads is
+full of the voices of invisible ships that are coming and going beyond
+the horizon. The wireless impulse is too delicate to be used to actuate
+a needle like that of the ordinary telegraph; a little voice is given to
+it, and with this it speaks to the operator who sits with the telephone
+cap strapped over his ears; a whining, buzzing voice, speaking not in
+words but in rhythms, corresponding to the dots and dashes made on
+paper, out of which a whole alphabet has been evolved. And the wireless
+is the greatest gossip in the world. It repeats everything it hears; it
+tells the listener everyone else's business; it speaks to him of the
+affairs of other people as well as his own. It is an ever-present
+eavesdropper, and tells you what other people are saying to one another
+in exactly the same voice in which they speak to you. When it is sending
+your messages it shouts, splitting the air with crackling flashes of
+forked blue fire; but when it has anything to say to you it whispers in
+your ear in whining, insinuating confidence. And you must listen
+attentively and with a mind concentrated on your own business if you are
+to receive from it what concerns you, and reject what does not; for it
+is not always the loudest whisper that is the most important. The
+messages come from near and far, now like the rasp of a file in your
+ear, and now in a thread of sound as fine as the whine of a mosquito;
+and if the mosquito voice is the one that is speaking to you from far
+away, you may often be interrupted by the loud and empty buzzing of one
+nearer neighbour speaking to another and loudly interrupting the message
+which concerns you.
+
+Listening to these voices in the Marconi room of the _Titanic_, and
+controlling her articulation and hearing, were two young men, little
+more than boys, but boys of a rare quality, children of the golden age
+of electricity. Educated in an abstruse and delicate science, and loving
+the sea for its largeness and adventure, they had come--Phillips at the
+age of twenty-six, and Bride in the ripe maturity of twenty-one--to wield
+for the _Titanic_ the electric forces of the ether, and to direct her
+utterance and hearing on the ocean. And as they sat there that Friday
+and Saturday they must have heard, as was their usual routine, all the
+whispers of the ships for two hundred miles round them, their trained
+faculties almost automatically rejecting the unessential, receiving and
+attending to the essential. They heard talk of many things, talk in
+fragments and in the strange rhythmic language that they had come to
+know like a mother tongue; talk of cargoes, talk of money and business,
+of transactions involving thousands of pounds; trivial talk of the
+emotions, greetings and good wishes exchanged on the high seas; endless
+figures of latitude and longitude--for a ship is an eternal egoist and
+begins all her communications by an announcement of Who she is and Where
+she is. Ships are chiefly interested in weather and cargo, and their
+wireless talk on their own account is constantly of these things; but
+most often of the weather. One ship may be pursuing her way under a calm
+sky and in smooth waters, while two hundred miles away a neighbour may
+be in the middle of a storm; and so the ships talk to one another of
+the weather, and combine their forces against it, and, by altering
+course a little, or rushing ahead, or hanging back, cheat and dodge
+those malignant forces which are ever pursuing them.
+
+But in these April days there was nothing much to be said about the
+weather. The winds and the storms were quiet here; they were busy
+perhaps up in Labrador or furiously raging about Cape Horn, but they had
+deserted for the time the North Atlantic, and all the ships ploughed
+steadily on in sunshine and smooth seas. Here and there, however, a
+whisper came to Phillips or Bride about something which, though not
+exactly weather, was as deeply interesting to the journeying ships--ice.
+Just a whisper, nothing more, listened to up there in the sunny Marconi
+room, recorded, dealt with, and forgotten. "I have just come through
+bad field-ice," whispers one ship; "April ice very far south," says
+another; and Phillips taps out his "O.K., O.M.," which is a kind of
+cockney Marconi for "All right, old man." And many other messages come
+and go, of money and cargoes, and crops and the making of laws; but just
+now and then a pin-prick of reminder between all these other topics
+comes the word--ICE.
+
+April ice and April weed are two of the most lovely products of the
+North Atlantic, but they are strangely opposite in their bearings on
+human destiny. The lovely golden April weed that is gathered all round
+the west coast of Ireland, and is burnt for indigo, keeps a whole
+peasant population in food and clothing for the rest of the year; the
+April ice, which comes drifting down on the Arctic current from the
+glacier slopes of Labrador or the plateau of North Greenland, keeps the
+seafaring population of the North Atlantic in doubt and anxiety
+throughout the spring and summer. Lovely indeed are some of these
+icebergs that glitter in the sun like fairy islands or the pinnacles of
+Valhalla; and dreamy and gentle is their drifting movement as they come
+down on the current by Newfoundland and round Cape Race, where, meeting
+the east-going Gulf Stream, they are gradually melted and lost in the
+waters of the Atlantic. Northward in the drift are often field-ice and
+vast floes; the great detached bergs sail farther south into the
+steamship tracks, and are what are most carefully looked for. This April
+there was abundance of evidence that the field-ice had come farther
+south than usual. The _Empress of Britain_, which passed the _Titanic_
+on Friday, reported an immense quantity of floating ice in the
+neighbourhood of Cape Race. When she arrived in Liverpool it transpired
+that, when three days out from Halifax, Nova Scotia, she encountered an
+ice-field, a hundred miles in extent, with enormous bergs which appeared
+to be joined to the ice-field, forming an immense white line, broken
+with peaks and pinnacles on the horizon. The _Carmania_ and the
+_Nicaragua_, which were going westward ahead of the _Titanic_, had both
+become entangled in ice, and the _Nicaragua_ had sustained considerable
+damage. And day by day, almost hour by hour, news was coming in from
+other ships commenting on the unusual extent southward of the ice-field,
+and on the unusual number of icebergs which they had encountered. No
+doubt many of the passengers on the _Titanic_ were hoping that they
+would meet with some; it is one of the chief interests of the North
+Atlantic voyage in the spring and summer; and nothing is more lovely in
+the bright sunshine of day than the sight of one of these giant islands,
+with its mountain-peaks sparkling in the sun, and blue waves breaking on
+its crystal shores; nothing more impressive than the thought, as one
+looks at it, that high as its glittering towers and pinnacles may soar
+towards heaven there is eight times as great a depth of ice extending
+downwards into the dark sea. It is only at night, or when the waters are
+covered with a thick fog produced by the contact of the ice with the
+warmer water, that navigating officers, peering forward into the mist,
+know how dreadful may be the presence of one of these sheeted monsters,
+the ghostly highwaymen of the sea.
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+
+Information like this, however, only concerned the little group of
+executive officers who took their turns in tramping up and down the
+white gratings of the bridge. It was all part of their routine; it was
+what they expected to hear at this time of the year and in this part of
+the ocean; there was nothing specially interesting to them in the gossip
+of the wireless voices. Whatever they heard, we may be sure they did not
+talk about it to the passengers. For there is one paramount rule
+observed by the officers of passenger liners--and that is to make
+everything as pleasant as possible for the passengers. If there is any
+danger, they are the last to hear of it; if anything unpleasant happens
+on board, such as an accident or a death, knowledge of it is kept from
+as many of them as possible. Whatever may be happening, short of an
+apparent and obvious extremity, it is the duty of the ship's company to
+help the passenger to believe that he lives and moves and has his being
+in a kind of Paradise, at the doors of which there are no lurking
+dangers and in which happiness and pleasure are the first duties of
+every inhabitant.
+
+And who were the people who composed the population of this journeying
+town? Subsequent events made their names known to us--vast lists of names
+filling columns of the newspapers; but to the majority they are names
+and nothing else. Hardly anyone living knew more than a dozen of them
+personally; and try as we may it is very hard to see them, as their
+fellow voyagers must have seen them, as individual human beings with
+recognizable faces and characters of their own. Of the three hundred odd
+first-class passengers the majority were Americans--rich and prosperous
+people, engaged for the most part in the simple occupation of buying
+things as cheaply as possible, selling them as dearly as possible, and
+trying to find some agreeable way of spending the difference on
+themselves. Of the three hundred odd second-class passengers probably
+the majority were English, many of them of the minor professional
+classes and many going either to visit friends or to take up situations
+in the western world. But the thousand odd steerage passengers
+represented a kind of Babel of nationalities, all the world in little,
+united by nothing except poverty and the fact that they were in a
+transition stage of their existence, leaving behind them for the most
+part a life of failure and hopelessness, and looking forward to a new
+life of success and hope: Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans,
+missionaries and heathen, Russians, Poles, Greeks, Roumanians, Germans,
+Italians, Chinese, Finns, Spaniards, English, and French--with a strong
+contingent of Irish, the inevitable link in that melancholy chain of
+emigration that has united Ireland and America since the Famine. But
+there were other differences, besides those of their condition and
+geographical distribution on the ship, that divided its inhabitants. For
+the first-class passengers the world was a very small place, about which
+many of them were accustomed to hurry in an important way in the process
+of spending and getting their money, taking an Atlantic liner as humbler
+people take a tramcar, without giving much thought to it or laying
+elaborate plans, running backwards and forwards across the Atlantic and
+its dangers as children run across the road in front of a motor car.
+They were going to America this week; they would probably come back next
+week or the week after. They were the people for whom the _Titanic_ had
+specially been designed; it was for them that all the luxuries had been
+contrived, so that in their runnings backwards and forwards they should
+not find the long days tedious or themselves divorced from the kind of
+accompaniments to life which they had come to regard as necessities.
+
+But for the people in the steerage this was no hurrying trip between one
+business office and another; no hasty holiday arranged to sandwich ten
+thousand miles of ozone as a refresher between two business engagements.
+This westward progress was for them part of the drift of their lives,
+loosening them from their native soil to scatter and distribute them
+over the New World, in the hope that in fresher soil and less crowded
+conditions they would strike new roots and begin a new life. The road
+they travelled was for most of them a road to be travelled once only, a
+road they knew they would never retrace. For them almost exclusively was
+reserved that strange sense of looking down over the stern of the ship
+into the boiling commotion of the churned-up waters, the maelstrom of
+snow under the counter merging into the pale green highway that lay
+straight behind them to the horizon, and of knowing that it was a road
+that divided them from home, a road that grew a mile longer with every
+three minutes of their storming progress. Other ships would follow on
+the road; other ships would turn and come again, and drive their way
+straight back over the white foam to where, with a sudden plunging and
+turning of screws in the green harbour water of home, the road had
+begun. But they who looked back from the steerage quarters of the
+_Titanic_ would not return; and they, alone of all the passengers on the
+ship, knew it.
+
+And that is all we can know or imagine about them; but it is probably
+more than most of the fortunate ones on the snowy upper decks cared to
+know or imagine. Up there also there were distinctions; some of the
+travellers there, for example, were so rich that they were conspicuous
+for riches, even in a population like this--and I imagine that the
+standard of wealth is higher in the first-class population of an
+Atlantic liner than in any other group of people in the world. There
+were four men there who represented between them the possession of some
+seventy millions of money--John Jacob Astor, Isidore Straus, George D.
+Widener, and Benjamin Guggenheim their names; and it was said that
+there were twenty who represented a fortune of a hundred millions
+between them--an interesting, though not an important, fact. But there
+were people there conspicuous for other things than their wealth. There
+was William T. Stead who, without any wealth at all, had in some
+respects changed the thought and social destinies of England; there was
+Francis Millet, a painter who had attained to eminence in America and
+who had recently been head of the American Academy in Rome; there was an
+eminent motorist, an eminent master of hounds, an eminent baseball
+player, an eminent poloist; and there was Major Archibald Butt, the
+satellite and right-hand man of Presidents, who had had a typical
+American career as newspaper correspondent, secretary, soldier,
+diplomatist, aide-de-camp, and novelist. There was Mr. Ismay, the most
+important man on the ship, for as head of the White Star Line he was
+practically her owner. He was accompanying her on her maiden voyage with
+no other object than to find out wherein she was defective, so that her
+younger sister might excel her. He may be said to have accomplished his
+purpose; and of all the people who took this voyage he is probably the
+only one who succeeded in what he set out to do. There was Mr. Andrews,
+one of the designers of the _Titanic_, who had come to enjoy the triumph
+of his giant child; and there were several others also, denizens of that
+great forest of iron in Belfast Lough, who had seen her and known her
+when she was a cathedral building within a scaffolding, the most solid
+and immovable thing in their world. These, the friends and companions of
+her infancy, had come too, we may suppose, to admire her in her moment
+of success, as the nurses and humble attendants of some beautiful girl
+will watch in a body her departure for the triumphs of her first ball.
+
+Of all this throng I had personal knowledge of only two; and yet the two
+happened to be extremely typical. I knew John Jacob Astor a few years
+ago in New York, when he sometimes seemed like a polite skeleton in his
+own gay house; an able but superficially unprepossessing man, so rich
+that it was almost impossible to know accurately anything about him--a
+man, I should say, to whom money had been nothing but a handicap from
+his earliest days. He was typical of this company because he was so
+conspicuous and so unknown; for when a man has thirty millions of money
+the world hears about his doings and possessions endlessly, but knows
+little of the man himself. It is enough to say that there were good
+things and bad things credited to his account, of which the good were
+much more unlikely and surprising than the bad.
+
+The other man--and how different!--was Christopher Head. He was typical
+too, typical of that almost anonymous world that keeps the name of
+England liked and respected everywhere. I said that he was typical
+because these few conspicuous names that I have mentioned represent only
+one narrow class of mankind; among the unnamed and the unknown you may
+be sure, if you have any wide experience of collective humanity, that
+virtues and qualities far more striking and far more admirable were
+included. Christopher Head was mild and unassuming, and one of the most
+attractive of men, for wherever he went he left a sense of serenity and
+security; and he walked through life with a keen, observant
+intelligence. Outside Lloyd's, of which great corporation he was a
+member, his interests were chiefly artistic, and he used his interest
+and knowledge in the best possible way for the public good when he was
+Mayor of Chelsea, and made his influence felt by imparting some quite
+new and much-needed ideals into that civic office.... But two known
+faces do not make a crowd familiar; and nothing will bring most of us
+any nearer to the knowledge of these voyagers than will the knowledge of
+what happened to them.
+
+One thing we do know--a small thing and yet illuminating to our picture.
+There were many young people on board, many newly married, and some, we
+may be sure, for whom the voyage represented the gateway to romance; for
+no Atlantic liner ever sailed with a full complement and set down all
+its passengers in the emotional state in which it took them up. The sea
+is a great match-maker; and in those long monotonous hours of solitude
+many flowers of the heart blossom and many minds and characters strike
+out towards each other in new and undreamed-of sympathy.
+
+Of this we may be as sure as of the existence of the ship: that there
+were on board the _Titanic_ people watching the slip of moon setting
+early on those April nights for whom time and the world were quite
+arrested in their course, and for whom the whole ship and her teeming
+activities were but frame and setting for the perfect moment of their
+lives; for whom the thronging multitudes of their fellow passengers were
+but a blurred background against which the colour of their joy stood
+sharp and clear. The fields of foam-flecked blue, sunlit or
+cloud-shadowed by day; the starlight on the waters; the slow and
+scarcely perceptible swinging of the ship's rail against the violet and
+spangled sky; the low murmur of voices, the liquid notes of violins, the
+trampling tune of the engines--to how many others have not these been
+the properties of a magic world; for how many others, as long as men
+continue to go in ships upon the sea, will they not be the symbols of a
+joy that is as old as time, and that is found to be new by every
+generation! For this also is one of the gifts of the sea, and one of the
+territories through which the long road passes.
+
+
+
+
+VII
+
+
+Sunday came, with nothing to mark it except the morning service in the
+saloon--a function that by reason of its novelty, attracts some people at
+sea who do not associate it with the shore. One thing, however, fire or
+boat muster, which usually marks Sunday at sea, and gives it a little
+variety, did not for some reason take place. It is one of the few
+variants of the monotony of shipboard life, where anything in the nature
+of a spectacle is welcomed; and most travellers are familiar with the
+stir caused by the sudden hoarse blast of the foghorn and the subsequent
+patter of feet and appearance from below of all kinds of people whose
+existence the passenger had hardly suspected. Stewards, sailors,
+firemen, engineers, nurses, bakers, butchers, cooks, florists, barbers,
+carpenters, and stewardesses, ranged in two immense lines along the boat
+deck, answer to their names and are told off, according to their
+numbers, to take charge of certain boats. This muster did not take place
+on the _Titanic_; if it had it would have revealed to any observant
+passenger the fact that the whole crew of nine hundred would have
+occupied all the available accommodation in the boats hanging on the
+davits and left no room for any passengers. For the men who designed and
+built the _Titanic_, who knew the tremendous strength of the girders and
+cantilevers and bulkheads which took the thrust and pull of every strain
+that she might undergo, had thought of boats rather as a superfluity,
+dating from the days when ships were vulnerable, when they sprang leaks
+and might sink in the high seas. In their pride they had said "the
+_Titanic_ cannot spring a leak." So there was no boat muster, and the
+routine occupations of Sunday went on unvaried and undisturbed. Only in
+the Marconi room was the monotony varied, for something had gone wrong
+with the delicate electrical apparatus, and the wireless voice was
+silent; and throughout the morning and afternoon, for seven hours,
+Phillips and Bride were hard at work testing and searching for the
+little fault that had cut them off from the world of voices. And at last
+they found it, and the whining and buzzing began again. But it told them
+nothing new; only the same story, whispered this time from the
+_Californian_--the story of ice.
+
+The day wore on, the dusk fell, lights one by one sprang up and shone
+within the ship; the young moon rose in a cloudless sky spangled with
+stars. People remarked on the loveliness of the night as they went to
+dress for dinner, but they remarked also on its coldness. There was an
+unusual chill in the air, and lightly clad people were glad to draw in
+to the big fireplaces in smoke-room or drawing-room or library, and to
+keep within the comfort of the warm and lamplit rooms. The cold was
+easily accounted for; it was the ice season, and the airs that were
+blowing down from the north-west carried with them a breath from the
+ice-fields. It was so cold that the decks were pretty well deserted, and
+the usual evening concert, instead of being held on the open deck, was
+held in the warmth, under cover. And gradually people drifted away to
+bed, leaving only a few late birds sitting up reading in the library, or
+playing cards in the smoking-rooms, or following a restaurant
+dinner-party by quiet conversation in the flower-decked lounge.
+
+The ship had settled down for the night; half of her company were
+peacefully asleep in bed, and many lying down waiting for sleep to come,
+when something happened. What that something was depended upon what part
+of the ship you were in. The first thing to attract the attention of
+most of the first-class passengers was a negative thing--the cessation of
+that trembling, continuous rhythm which had been the undercurrent of all
+their waking sensations since the ship left Queenstown. The engines
+stopped. Some wondered, and put their heads out of their state-room
+doors, or even threw a wrap about them and went out into the corridors
+to see what had happened, while others turned over in bed and composed
+themselves to sleep, deciding to wait until the morning to hear what
+was the cause of the delay.
+
+Lower down in the ship they heard a little more. The sudden harsh clash
+of the engine-room telegraph bells would startle those who were near
+enough to hear it, especially as it was followed almost immediately
+afterwards by the simultaneous ringing all through the lower part of the
+ship of the gongs that gave warning of the closing of the water-tight
+doors. After the engines stopped there was a moment of stillness; and
+then the vibration began again, more insistently this time, with a
+certain jumping movement which to the experienced ear meant that the
+engines were being sent full speed astern; and then they stopped again,
+and again there was stillness.
+
+Here and there in the long corridors amidships a door opened and some
+one thrust a head out, asking what was the matter; here and there a man
+in pyjamas and a dressing-gown came out of his cabin and climbed up the
+deserted staircase to have a look at what was going on; people sitting
+in the lighted saloons and smoke-rooms looked at one another and said:
+"What was that?" gave or received some explanation, and resumed their
+occupations. A man in his dressing-gown came into one of the
+smoking-rooms where a party was seated at cards, with a few yawning
+bystanders looking on before they turned in. The newcomer wanted to know
+what was the matter, whether they had noticed anything? They had felt a
+slight jar, they said, and had seen an iceberg going by past the
+windows; probably the ship had grazed it, but no damage had been done.
+And they resumed their game of bridge. The man in the dressing-gown left
+the smoke-room, and never saw any of the players again. So little
+excitement was there in this part of the ship that the man in the
+dressing-gown (his name was Mr. Beezley, an English schoolmaster, one of
+the few who emerges from the crowd with an intact individuality) went
+back to his cabin and lay down on his bed with a book, waiting for the
+ship to start again. But the unnatural stillness, the uncanny peace even
+of this great peaceful ship, must have got a little upon his nerves; and
+when he heard people moving about in the corridors, he got up again, and
+found that several people whom the stillness had wakened from their
+sleep were wandering about inquiring what had happened.
+
+But that was all. The half-hour which followed the stoppage of the ship
+was a comparatively quiet half-hour, in which a few people came out of
+their cabins indeed, and collected together in the corridors and
+staircases gossiping, speculating and asking questions as to what could
+have happened; but it was not a time of anxiety, or anything like it.
+Nothing could be safer on this quiet Sunday night than the great ship,
+warmed and lighted everywhere, with her thick carpets and padded
+armchairs and cushioned recesses; and if anything could have added to
+the sense of peace and stability, it was that her driving motion had
+ceased, and that she lay solid and motionless-like a rock in the sea,
+the still water scarcely lapping against her sides. And those of her
+people who had thought it worth while to get out of bed stood about in
+little knots, and asked foolish questions, and gave foolish answers in
+the familiar manner of passengers on shipboard when the slightest
+incident occurs to vary the regular and monotonous routine.
+
+
+
+
+VIII
+
+
+This was one phase of that first half-hour. Up on the high bridge,
+isolated from all the indoor life of the passengers, there was another
+phase. The watches had been relieved at ten o'clock, when the ship had
+settled down for the quietest and least eventful period of the whole
+twenty-four hours. The First Officer, Mr. Murdoch, was in command of the
+bridge, and with him was Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, and the usual
+look-out staff. The moon had set, and the night was very cold, clear and
+starry, except where here and there a slight haze hung on the surface of
+the water. Captain Smith, to whom the night of the sea was like day, and
+to whom all the invisible tracks and roads of the Atlantic were as
+familiar as Fleet Street is to a _Daily Telegraph_ reporter, had been in
+the chart room behind the bridge to plot out the course for the night,
+and afterwards had gone to his room to lie down. Two pairs of sharp eyes
+were peering forward from the crow's nest, another pair from the nose of
+the ship on the fo'c'stle head, and at least three pairs from the bridge
+itself, all staring into the dim night, quartering with busy glances the
+area of the black sea in front of them where the foremast and its wire
+shrouds and stays were swinging almost imperceptibly across the starry
+sky.
+
+At twenty minutes to twelve the silence of the night was broken by three
+sharp strokes on the gong sounding from the crow's nest--a signal for
+something right ahead; while almost simultaneously came a voice through
+the telephone from the look-out announcing the presence of ice. There
+was a kind of haze in front of the ship the colour of the sea, but
+nothing could be distinguished from the bridge. Mr. Murdoch's hand was
+on the telegraph immediately, and his voice rapped out the order to the
+quartermaster to starboard the helm. The wheel spun round, the answering
+click came up from the startled engine-room; but before anything else
+could happen there was a slight shock, and a splintering sound from the
+bows of the ship as she crashed into yielding ice. That was followed by
+a rubbing, jarring, grinding sensation along her starboard bilge, and a
+peak of dark-coloured ice glided past close alongside.
+
+As the engines stopped in obedience to the telegraph Mr. Murdoch turned
+the switches that closed the water-tight doors. Captain Smith came
+running out of the chart room. "What is it?" he asked. "We have struck
+ice, Sir." "Close the water-tight doors." "It is already done, Sir."
+Then the Captain took command. He at once sent a message to the
+carpenter to sound the ship and come and report; the quartermaster went
+away with the message, and set the carpenter to work. Captain Smith now
+gave a glance at the commutator, a dial which shows to what extent the
+ship is off the perpendicular, and noticed that she carried a 5 deg. list
+to starboard. Coolly following a routine as exact as that which he would
+have observed had he been conning the ship into dock, he gave a number
+of orders in rapid succession, after first consulting with the Chief
+Engineer. Then, having given instructions that the whole of the
+available engine-power was to be turned to pumping the ship, he hurried
+aft along the boat-deck to the Marconi room. Phillips was sitting at his
+key, toiling through routine business; Bride, who had just got up to
+relieve him, was sleepily making preparations to take his place. The
+Captain put his head in at the door.
+
+"We have struck an iceberg," he said, "and I am having an inspection
+made to tell what it has done for us. Better get ready to send out a
+call for assistance, but don't send it until I tell you."
+
+He hurried away again; in a few minutes he put his head in at the door
+again; "Send that call for assistance," he said.
+
+"What call shall I send?" asked Phillips.
+
+"The regulation international call for help, just that," said the
+Captain, and was gone again.
+
+But in five minutes he came back into the wireless room, this time
+apparently not in such a hurry. "What call are you sending?" he asked;
+and when Phillips told him "C.Q.D.," the highly technical and efficient
+Bride suggested, laughingly, that he should send "S.O.S.," the new
+international call for assistance which has superseded the C.Q.D. "It is
+the new call," said Bride, "and it may be your last chance to send it!"
+And they all three laughed, and then for a moment chatted about what had
+happened, while Phillips tapped out the three longs, three shorts, and
+three longs which instantaneously sent a message of appeal flashing out
+far and wide into the dark night. The Captain, who did not seem
+seriously worried or concerned, told them that the ship had been struck
+amidships or a little aft of that.
+
+Whatever may have been happening down below, everything up here was
+quiet and matter-of-fact. It was a disaster, of course, but everything
+was working well, everything had been done; the electric switches for
+operating the bulkhead doors had been used promptly, and had worked
+beautifully; the powerful wireless plant was talking to the ocean, and
+in a few hours there would be some other ship alongside of them. It was
+rough luck, to be sure; they had not thought they would so soon have a
+chance of proving that the _Titanic_ was unsinkable.
+
+
+
+
+IX
+
+
+We must now visit in imagination some other parts of the ship, parts
+isolated from the bridge and the spacious temple of luxury amidships,
+and try to understand how the events of this half hour appeared to the
+denizens of the lower quarters of the ship. The impact that had been
+scarcely noticed in the first-class quarters had had much more effect
+down below, and especially forward, where some of the third-class
+passengers and some of the crew were berthed. A ripping, grinding crash
+startled all but the heaviest sleepers here into wakefulness; but it was
+over so soon and was succeeded by so peaceful a silence that no doubt
+any momentary panic it might have caused was soon allayed. One of the
+firemen describing it said: "I was awakened by a noise, and between
+sleeping and waking I thought I was dreaming that I was on a train that
+had run off the lines, and that I was being jolted about." He jumped out
+and went on deck, where he saw the scattered ice lying about. "Oh, we
+have struck an iceberg," he said, "that's nothing; I shall go back and
+turn in," and he actually went back to bed and slept for half an hour,
+until he was turned out to take his station at the boats.
+
+The steerage passengers, who were berthed right aft, heard nothing and
+knew nothing until the news that an accident had happened began slowly
+to filter down to them. But there was no one in authority to give them
+any official news, and for a time they were left to wonder and speculate
+as they chose. Forward, however, it became almost immediately apparent
+to certain people that there was something grievously wrong; firemen on
+their way through the passage along the ship's bottom leading between
+their quarters and No. 1 stokehold found water coming in, and rapidly
+turned back. They were met on their way up the staircase by an officer
+who asked them what they were doing. They told him. "There's water
+coming into our place, Sir," they said; and as he thought they were off
+duty he did not turn them back.
+
+Mr. Andrews, a partner in Harland and Wolff's, and one of the
+_Titanic's_ designers, had gone quietly down by himself to investigate
+the damage, and, great as was his belief in the giant he had helped to
+create, it must have been shaken when he found the water pouring into
+her at the rate of hundreds of tons a minute. Even his confidence in
+those mighty steel walls that stretched one behind the other in
+succession along the whole length of the ship could not have been proof
+against the knowledge that three or four of them had been pierced by the
+long rip of the ice-tooth. There was just a chance that she would hold
+up long enough to allow of relief to arrive in time; but it is certain
+that from that moment Mr. Andrews devoted himself to warning people, and
+helping to get them away, so far as he could do so without creating a
+panic.
+
+Most of the passengers, remember, were still asleep during this half
+hour. One of the most terrible things possible at sea is a panic, and
+Captain Smith was particularly anxious that no alarm should be given
+before or unless it was absolutely necessary. He heard what Mr. Andrews
+had to say, and consulted with the engineer, and soon found that the
+whole of the ship's bottom was being flooded. There were other
+circumstances calculated to make the most sanguine ship-master uneasy.
+Already, within half an hour, the _Titanic_ was perceptibly down by the
+head. She would remain stationary for five minutes and then drop six
+inches or a foot; remain stationary again, and drop another foot--a
+circumstance ominous to experienced minds, suggesting that some of the
+smaller compartments forward were one by one being flooded, and letting
+the water farther and farther into her hull.
+
+Therefore at about twenty-five minutes past midnight the Captain gave
+orders for the passengers to be called and mustered on the boat deck.
+All the ship's crew had by this time been summoned to their various
+stations; and now through all the carpeted corridors, through the
+companion-ways and up and down staircases, leading to the steerage
+cabins, an army of three hundred stewards was hurrying, knocking loudly
+on doors, and shouting up and down the passages, "All passengers on
+deck with life-belts on!" The summons came to many in their sleep; and
+to some in the curtained firelight luxury of their deck state-rooms it
+seemed an order so absurd that they scorned it, and actually went back
+to bed again. These, however, were rare exceptions; for most people
+there was no mistaking the urgency of the command, even though they were
+slow to understand the necessity for it. And hurry is a thing easily
+communicated; seeing some passengers hastening out with nothing over
+their night clothes but a blanket or a wrapper, others caught the
+infection, and hurried too; and struggling with life-belts, clumsily
+attempting to adjust them over and under a curious assortment of
+garments, the passengers of the _Titanic_ came crowding up on deck, for
+the first time fully alarmed.
+
+
+
+
+X
+
+
+When the people came on deck it was half-past twelve. The first-class
+passengers came pouring up the two main staircases and out on to the
+boat deck--some of them indignant, many of them curious, some few of them
+alarmed. They found there everything as usual except that the long deck
+was not quite level; it tilted downwards a little towards the bow, and
+there was a slight list towards the starboard side. The stars were
+shining in the sky and the sea was perfectly smooth, although dotted
+about it here and there were lumps of dark-coloured ice, almost
+invisible against the background of smooth water. A long line of
+stewards was forming up beside the boats on either side--those solid
+white boats, stretching far aft in two long lines, that became suddenly
+invested with practical interest. Officers were shouting orders, seamen
+were busy clearing up the coils of rope attached to the davit tackles,
+fitting the iron handles to the winches by which the davits themselves
+were canted over from the inward position over the deck to the outward
+position over the ship's side. Almost at the same time a rush of people
+began from the steerage quarters, swarming up stairways and ladders to
+reach this high deck hitherto sacred to the first-class passengers. At
+first they were held back by a cordon of stewards, but some broke
+through and others were allowed through, so that presently a large
+proportion of the ship's company was crowding about the boat deck and
+the one immediately below it.
+
+Then the business of clearing, filling, and lowering the boats was
+begun--a business quickly described, but occupying a good deal of time in
+the transaction. Mr. Murdoch, the Chief Officer, ordered the crews to
+the boats; and with some confusion different parties of stewards and
+sailors disentangled themselves from the throng and stood in their
+positions by each of the sixteen boats. Every member of the crew, when
+he signs on for a voyage in a big passenger ship, is given a number
+denoting which boat's crew he belongs to. If there has been boat drill,
+every man knows and remembers his number; if, as in the case of the
+_Titanic_, there has been no boat drill, some of the men remember their
+numbers and some do not, the result being a certain amount of confusion.
+But at last a certain number of men were allotted to each boat, and
+began the business of hoisting them out.
+
+First of all the covers had to be taken off and the heavy masts and
+sails lifted out of them. Ship's boats appear very small things when one
+sees a line of them swinging high up on deck; but, as a matter of fact,
+they are extremely heavy, each of them the size of a small sailing
+yacht. Everything on the _Titanic_ having been newly painted, everything
+was stiff and difficult to move. The lashings of the heavy canvas covers
+were like wire, and the covers themselves like great boards; the new
+ropes ran stiffly in the new gear. At last a boat was cleared and the
+order given, "Women and children first." The officers had revolvers in
+their hands ready to prevent a rush; but there was no rush. There was a
+certain amount of laughter. No one wanted to be the first to get into
+the boat and leave the ship. "Come on," cried the officers. There was a
+pause, followed by the brief command, "Put them in."
+
+The crew seized the nearest women and pushed or lifted them over the
+rail into the first boat, which was now hanging over the side level with
+the deck. But they were very unwilling to go. The boat, which looked big
+and solid on the deck, now hung dizzily seventy-five feet over the dark
+water; it seemed a far from attractive prospect to get into it and go
+out on to the cold sea, especially as everyone was convinced that it was
+a merely formal precaution which was being taken, and that the people in
+the boats would merely be rowed off a little way and kept shivering on
+the cold sea for a time and then brought back to the ship when it was
+found that the danger was past. For, walking about the deck, people
+remembered all the things that they had been thinking and saying since
+first they had seen the _Titanic_; and what was the use of travelling by
+an unsinkable ship if, at the first alarm of danger, one had to leave
+her and row out on the icy water? Obviously it was only the old habit of
+the sea asserting itself, and Captain Smith, who had hitherto been such
+a favourite, was beginning to be regarded as something of a nuisance
+with his ridiculous precautions.
+
+The boats swung and swayed in the davits; even the calm sea, now that
+they looked at it more closely, was seen to be not absolutely like a
+millpond, but to have a certain movement on its surface which, although
+utterly helpless to move the huge bulk of the _Titanic_, against whose
+sides it lapped, as ineffectually as against the walls of a dock, was
+enough to impart a swinging movement to the small boats. But at last,
+what with coercion and persuasion, a boat was half filled with women.
+One of the things they liked least was leaving their husbands; they felt
+that they were being sacrificed needlessly to over-elaborate
+precautions, and it was hard to leave the men standing comfortably on
+the firm deck, sheltered and in a flood of warm yellow light, and in the
+safety of the great solid ship that lay as still as a rock, while they
+had to go out, half-clad and shivering, on the icy waters.
+
+But the inexorable movements of the crew continued. The pulleys squealed
+in the sheaves, the new ropes were paid out; and jerking downwards, a
+foot or two at a time, the first boat dropped down towards the water,
+past storey after storey of the great structure, past rows and rows of
+lighted portholes, until at last, by strange unknown regions of the
+ship's side, where cataracts and waterfalls were rushing into the sea,
+it rested on the waves. The blocks were unhooked, the heavy ash oars
+were shipped, and the boat headed away into the darkness. And then, and
+not till then, those in the boat realized that something was seriously
+wrong with the _Titanic_. Instead of the trim level appearance which she
+presented on the picture postcards or photographs, she had an ungraceful
+slant downwards to the bows--a heavy helpless appearance like some
+wounded monster that is being overcome by the waters. And even while
+they looked, they could see that the bow was sinking lower.
+
+After the first boat had got away, there was less difficulty about the
+others. The order, "Women and children first," was rigidly enforced by
+the officers; but it was necessary to have men in the boats to handle
+them, and a number of stewards, and many grimy figures of stokers who
+had mysteriously appeared from below were put into them to man them.
+Once the tide of people began to set into the boats and away from the
+ship, there came a certain anxiety to join them and not to be left
+behind. Here and there indeed there was over-anxiety, which had to be
+roughly checked. One band of Italians from the steerage, who had good
+reason to know that something was wrong, tried to rush one of the boats,
+and had to be kept back by force, an officer firing a couple of shots
+with his pistol; they desisted, and were hauled back ignominiously by
+the legs. In their place some of the crew and the passengers who were
+helping lifted in a number of Italian women limp with fright.
+
+And still everyone was walking about and saying that the ship was
+unsinkable. There was a certain subdued excitement, natural to those who
+feel that they are taking part in a rather thrilling adventure which
+will give them importance in the eyes of people at home when they relate
+it. There was as yet no call for heroism, because, among the
+first-class passengers certainly, the majority believed that the safest
+as well as the most comfortable place was the ship. But it was painful
+for husbands and wives to be separated, and the wives sent out to brave
+the discomforts of the open boats while the husbands remained on the dry
+and comfortable ship.
+
+The steerage people knew better and feared more. Life had not taught
+them, as it had taught some of those first-class passengers, that the
+world was an organization specially designed for their comfort and
+security; they had not come to believe that the crude and ugly and
+elementary catastrophes of fate would not attack them. On the contrary,
+most of them knew destiny as a thing to fear, and made haste to flee
+from it. Many of them, moreover, had been sleeping low down in the
+forward part of the ship; they had heard strange noises, had seen water
+washing about where no water should be, and they were frightened. There
+was, however, no discrimination between classes in putting the women
+into the boats. The woman with a tattered shawl over her head, the woman
+with a sable coat over her nightdress, the woman clasping a baby, and
+the woman clutching a packet of trinkets had all an equal chance; side
+by side they were handed on to the harsh and uncomfortable thwarts of
+the lifeboats; the wife of the millionaire sat cheek by jowl with a
+dusty stoker and a Russian emigrant, and the spoiled woman of the world
+found some poor foreigner's baby thrown into her lap as the boat was
+lowered.
+
+By this time the women and children had all been mustered on the second
+or A deck; the men were supposed to remain up on the boat deck while the
+boats were being lowered to the level of the women, where sections of
+the rail had been cleared away for them to embark more easily; but this
+rule, like all the other rules, was not rigidly observed. The crew was
+not trained enough to discipline and coerce the passengers. How could
+they be? They were trained to serve them, to be obsequious and obliging;
+it would have been too much to expect that they should suddenly take
+command and order them about.
+
+There were many minor adventures and even accidents. One woman had both
+her legs broken in getting into the boat. The mere business of being
+lowered in a boat through seventy feet of darkness was in itself
+productive of more than one exciting incident. The falls of the first
+boat jammed when she was four feet from the water, and she had to be
+dropped into it with a splash. And there was one very curious incident
+which happened to the boat in which Mr. Beezley, the English
+schoolmaster already referred to, had been allotted a place as a helper.
+"As the boat began to descend," he said, "two ladies were pushed
+hurriedly through the crowd on B deck, and a baby ten months old was
+passed down after them. Then down we went, the crew shouting out
+directions to those lowering us. 'Level,' 'Aft,' 'Stern,' 'Both
+together!' until we were some ten feet from the water. Here occurred the
+only anxious moment we had during the whole of our experience from the
+time of our leaving the deck to our reaching the _Carpathia_.
+
+"Immediately below our boat was the exhaust of the condensers, and a
+huge stream of water was pouring all the time from the ship's side just
+above the water-line. It was plain that we ought to be smart away from
+it if we were to escape swamping when we touched the water. We had no
+officers on board, and no petty officer or member of the crew to take
+charge, so one of the stokers shouted, 'Some one find the pin which
+releases the boat from the ropes and pull it up!' No one knew where it
+was. We felt as well as we could on the floor, and along the sides, but
+found nothing. It was difficult to move among so many people. We had
+sixty or seventy on board. Down we went, and presently we floated with
+our ropes still holding us, and the stream of water from the exhaust
+washing us away from the side of the vessel, while the swell of the sea
+urged us back against the side again.
+
+"The result of all these forces was that we were carried parallel to the
+ship's side, and directly under boat No. 14, which had filled rapidly
+with men, and was coming down on us in a way that threatened to submerge
+our boat.
+
+"'Stop lowering 14,' our crew shouted, and the crew of No. 14, now only
+20 feet above, cried out the same. The distance to the top, however, was
+some 70 feet, and the creaking of the pulleys must have deadened all
+sound to those above, for down she came, 15 feet, 10 feet, 5 feet, and a
+stoker and I reached up and touched the bottom of the swinging boat
+above our heads. The next drop would have brought her on our heads. Just
+before she dropped another stoker sprang to the ropes with his knife
+open in his hand. 'One,' I heard him say, and then 'Two,' as the knife
+cut through the pulley rope.
+
+"'The next moment the exhaust stream carried us clear, while boat No. 14
+dropped into the water, taking the space we had occupied a moment
+before. Our gunwales were almost touching. We drifted away easily, and
+when our oars were got out, we headed directly away from the ship.'"
+
+But although there was no sense of danger, there were some painful
+partings on the deck where the women were embarked; for you must think
+of this scene as going on for at least an hour amid a confusion of
+people pressing about, trying to find their friends, asking for
+information, listening to some new rumour, trying to decide whether they
+should or should not go in the boats, to a constant accompaniment of
+shouted orders, the roar of escaping steam, the squeal and whine of the
+ropes and pulleys, and the gay music of the band, which Captain Smith
+had ordered to play during the embarkation. Every now and then a woman
+would be forced away from her husband; every now and then a husband,
+having got into a boat with his wife, would be made to get out of it
+again. If it was hard for the wives to go, it was harder for the
+husbands to see them go to such certain discomfort and in such strange
+company. Colonel Astor, whose young wife was in a delicate state of
+health, had got into the boat with her to look after her; and no wonder.
+But he was ordered out again and came at once, no doubt feeling
+bitterly, poor soul, that he would have given many of his millions to be
+able to go honourably with her. But he stepped back without a word of
+remonstrance and gave her good-bye with a cheery message, promising to
+meet her in New York. And if that happened to him, we may be sure it was
+happening over and over again in other boats. There were women who
+flatly refused to leave their husbands and chose to stay with them and
+risk whatever fate might be in store for them, although at that time
+most of the people did not really believe that there was much danger.
+Yet here and there there were incidents both touching and heroic. When
+it came to the turn of Mrs. Isidore Straus, the wife of a Jewish
+millionaire, she took her seat but got back out of the boat when she
+found her husband was not coming. They were both old people, and on two
+separate occasions an Englishman who knew her tried to persuade her to
+get into a boat, but she would not leave her husband. The second time
+the boat was not full and he went to Mr. Straus and said: "Do go with
+your wife. Nobody can object to an old gentleman like you going. There
+is plenty of room in the boat." The old gentleman thanked him calmly and
+said: "I won't go before the other men." And Mrs. Straus got out and,
+going up to him, said: "We have been together for forty years and we
+will not separate now." And she remained by his side until that happened
+to them which happened to the rest.
+
+
+
+
+XI
+
+
+We must now go back to the Marconi room on the upper deck where, ten
+minutes after the collision, Captain Smith had left the operators with
+orders to send out a call for assistance. From this Marconi room we get
+a strange but vivid aspect of the situation; for Bride, the surviving
+operator, who afterwards told the story so graphically to the _New York
+Times_, practically never left the room until he left it to jump into
+the sea, and his knowledge of what was going on was the vivid, partial
+knowledge of a man who was closely occupied with his own duties and only
+knew of other happenings in so far as they affected his own doings.
+They had been working, you will remember, almost all of that Sunday at
+locating and replacing a burnt-out terminal, and were both very tired.
+Phillips was taking the night shift of duty, but he told Bride to go to
+bed early and get up and relieve him as soon as he had had a little
+sleep, as Phillips himself was quite worn out with his day's work. Bride
+went to sleep in the cabin which opened into the operating-room.
+
+He slept some time, and when he woke he heard Phillips still at work. He
+could read the rhythmic buzzing sounds as easily as you or I can read
+print. He could hear that Phillips was talking to Cape Race, sending
+dull uninteresting traffic matter; and he was about to sink off to sleep
+again when he remembered how tired Phillips must be, and decided that he
+would get up and relieve him for a spell. He never felt the shock, or
+saw anything, or had any other notification of anything unusual except
+no doubt the ringing of the telegraph bells and cessation of the beat of
+the engines. It was a few minutes afterwards that, as we have seen, the
+Captain put his head in at the door and told them to get ready to send a
+call, returning ten minutes later to tell them to send it.
+
+The two operators were rather amused than otherwise at having to send
+out the S.O.S.; it was a pleasant change from relaying traffic matter.
+"We said lots of funny things to each other in the next few minutes,"
+said Bride. Phillips went stolidly on, firmly hammering out his "S.O.S.,
+S.O.S.," sometimes varying it with "C.Q.D." for the benefit of such
+operators as might not be on the alert for the new call. For several
+minutes there was no reply; then the whining voice at Phillips' ear
+began to answer. Some one had heard. They had picked up the steamer
+_Frankfurt_, and they gave her the position and told her that the
+_Titanic_ had struck an iceberg and needed assistance. There was another
+pause and, in their minds' eye, the wireless men could see the
+_Frankfurt's_ operator miles and miles away across the dark night going
+along from his cabin and rousing the _Frankfurt's_ Captain and giving
+his message and coming back to the instrument, when again the whining
+voice began asking for more news.
+
+They were learning facts up here in the Marconi room. They knew that the
+_Titanic_ was taking in water, and they knew that she was sinking by the
+head; and what they knew they flashed out into the night for the benefit
+of all who had ears to hear. They knew that there were many ships in
+their vicinity; but they knew also that hardly any of them carried more
+than one operator, and that even Marconi operators earning L4 a month
+must go to bed and sleep sometimes, and that it was a mere chance if
+their call was heard. But presently the Cunard liner _Carpathia_
+answered and told them her position, from which it appeared that she was
+about seventy miles away. The _Carpathia_, which was heading towards the
+Mediterranean, told them she had altered her course and was heading full
+steam to their assistance. The _Carpathia's_ voice was much fainter than
+the _Frankfurt's_, from which Phillips assumed that the _Frankfurt_ was
+the nearer ship; but there was a certain lack of promptitude on board
+the _Frankfurt_ which made Phillips impatient. While he was still
+sending out the call for help, after the _Frankfurt_ had answered it,
+she interrupted him again, asking what was the matter. They told Captain
+Smith, who said, "That fellow is a fool," an opinion which Phillips and
+Bride not only shared, but which they even found time to communicate to
+the operator on the _Frankfurt_. By this time the _Olympic_ had also
+answered her twin sister's cry for help, but she was far away, more than
+three hundred miles; and although she too turned and began to race
+towards the spot where the _Titanic_ was lying so quietly, it was felt
+that the honours of salving her passengers would go to the _Carpathia_.
+The foolish _Frankfurt_ operator still occasionally interrupted with a
+question, and he was finally told, with such brusqueness as the wireless
+is capable of, to keep away from his instrument and not interfere with
+the serious conversations of the _Titanic_ and _Carpathia_.
+
+Then Bride took Phillips's place at the instrument and succeeded in
+getting a whisper from the _Baltic_, and gradually, over hundreds of
+miles of ocean, the invisible ether told the ships that their giant
+sister was in distress. The time passed quickly with these urgent
+conversations on which so much might depend, and hour by hour and minute
+by minute the water was creeping up the steep sides of the ship. Once
+the Captain looked in and told them that the engine-rooms were taking in
+water and that the dynamos might not last much longer. That information
+was also sent to the _Carpathia_, who by this time could tell them that
+she had turned towards them with every furnace going at full blast, and
+was hurrying forward at the rate of eighteen knots instead of her usual
+fifteen. It now became a question how long the storage plant would
+continue to supply current. Phillips went out on deck and looked round.
+"The water was pretty close up to the boat deck. There was a great
+scramble aft, and how poor Phillips worked through it I don't know. He
+was a brave man. I learnt to love him that night, and I suddenly felt
+for him a great reverence, to see him standing there sticking to his
+work while everybody else was raging about. While I live I shall never
+forget the work Phillips did for that last awful fifteen minutes."
+
+Bride felt that it was time to look about and see if there was no chance
+of saving himself. He knew that by this time all the boats had gone. He
+could see, by looking over the side, that the water was far nearer than
+it had yet been, and that the fo'c's'le decks, which of course were much
+lower than the superstructure on which the Marconi cabin was situated,
+were already awash. He remembered that there was a lifebelt for every
+member of the crew and that his own was under his bunk; and he went and
+put it on. And then, thinking how cold the water would be, he went back
+and put his boots on, and an extra coat. Phillips was still standing at
+the key, talking to the _Olympic_ now and telling her the tragic and
+shameful news that her twin sister, the unsinkable, was sinking by the
+head and was pretty near her end. While Phillips was sending this
+message Bride strapped a lifebelt about him and put on his overcoat.
+Then, at Phillips's suggestion, Bride went out to see if there was
+anything left in the shape of a boat by which they could get away. He
+saw some men struggling helplessly with a collapsible boat which they
+were trying to lower down on to the deck. Bride gave them a hand and
+then, although it was the last boat left, he resolutely turned his back
+on it and went back to Phillips. At that moment for the last time, the
+Captain looked in to give them their release.
+
+"Men, you have done your full duty, you can do no more. Abandon your
+cabin now; it is every man for himself; you look out for yourselves. I
+release you. That's the way of it at this kind of time; every man for
+himself."
+
+Then happened one of the strangest incidents of that strange hour. I can
+only give it in Bride's own words:
+
+"Phillips clung on, sending, sending. He clung on for about ten minutes,
+or maybe fifteen minutes, after the Captain released him. The water was
+then coming into our cabin.
+
+"While he worked something happened I hate to tell about. I was back in
+my room getting Phillips's money for him, and as I looked out of the
+door I saw a stoker, or somebody from below decks, leaning over Phillips
+from behind. Phillips was too busy to notice what the man was doing, but
+he was slipping the lifebelt off Phillips's back. He was a big man,
+too.
+
+"As you can see, I'm very small. I don't know what it was I got hold of,
+but I remembered in a flash the way Phillips had clung on; how I had to
+fix that lifebelt in place, because he was too busy to do it.
+
+"I knew that man from below decks had his own lifebelt, and should have
+known where to get it. I suddenly felt a passion not to let that man die
+a decent sailor's death. I wished he might have stretched a rope or
+walked a plank. I did my duty. I hope I finished him, but I don't know.
+
+"We left him on the cabin floor of the wireless room, and he wasn't
+moving."
+
+Phillips left the cabin, running aft, and Bride never saw him alive
+again. He himself came out and found the water covering the bridge and
+coming aft over the boat deck.
+
+
+
+
+XII
+
+
+There is one other separate point of view from which we may look at the
+ship during this fateful hour before all points of view become merged in
+one common experience. Mr. Boxhall, the Fourth Officer, who had been on
+the bridge at the moment of the impact, had been busy sending up rockets
+and signals in the effort to attract the attention of a ship whose
+lights could be seen some ten miles away; a mysterious ship which cannot
+be traced, but whose lights appear to have been seen by many independent
+witnesses on the _Titanic_. So sure was he of her position that Mr.
+Boxhall spent almost all his time on the bridge signalling to her with
+rockets and flashes; but no answer was received. He had, however, also
+been on a rapid tour of inspection of the ship immediately after she had
+struck. He went down to the steerage quarters forward and aft, and he
+was also down in the deep forward compartment where the Post Office men
+were working with the mails, and he had at that time found nothing
+wrong, and his information contributed much to the sense of security
+that was spread amongst the passengers.
+
+Mr. Pitman, the Third Officer, was in his bunk at the time of the
+collision, having been on duty on the bridge from six to eight, when the
+Captain had also been on the bridge. There had been talk of ice among
+the officers on Sunday, and they had expected to meet with it just
+before midnight, at the very time, in fact, when they had met with it.
+But very little ice had been seen, and the speed of the ship had not
+been reduced. Mr. Pitman says that when he awoke he heard a sound which
+seemed to him to be the sound of the ship coming to anchor. He was not
+actually awake then, but he had the sensation of the ship halting, and
+heard a sound like that of chains whirling round the windlass and
+running through the hawseholes into the water. He lay in bed for three
+or four minutes wondering in a sleepy sort of way where they could have
+anchored. Then, becoming more awake, he got up, and without dressing
+went out on deck; he saw nothing remarkable, but he went back and
+dressed, suspecting that something was the matter. While he was dressing
+Mr. Boxhall looked in and said: "We have struck an iceberg, old man;
+hurry up!"
+
+He also went down below to make an inspection and find out what damage
+had been done. He went to the forward well deck, where ice was lying,
+and into the fo'c's'le, but found nothing wrong there. The actual
+damage was farther aft, and at that time the water had not come into the
+bows of the ship. As he was going back he met a number of firemen coming
+up the gangway with their bags of clothing; they told him that water was
+coming into their place. They were firemen off duty, who afterwards were
+up on the boat deck helping to man the boats. Then Mr. Pitman went down
+lower into the ship and looked into No. 1 hatch, where he could plainly
+see water. All this took time; and when he came back he found that the
+men were beginning to get the boats ready, a task at which he helped
+under Mr. Murdoch's orders. Presently Mr. Murdoch ordered him to take
+command of a boat and hang about aft of the gangway. Pitman had very
+little relish for leaving the ship at that time, and in spite of the
+fact that she was taking in water, every one was convinced that the
+_Titanic_ was a much safer place than the open sea. He had about forty
+passengers and six of the crew in his boat, and as it was about to be
+lowered, Mr. Murdoch leant over to him and shook him heartily by the
+hand: "Good-bye, old man, and good luck," he said, in tones which rather
+surprised Pitman, for they seemed to imply that the good-bye might be
+for a long time. His boat was lowered down into the water, unhooked, and
+shoved off, and joined the gradually increasing fleet of other boats
+that were cruising about in the starlight.
+
+There was one man walking about that upper deck whose point of view was
+quite different from that of anyone else. Mr. Bruce Ismay, like so many
+others, was awakened from sleep by the stopping of the engines; like so
+many others, also, he lay still for a few moments, and then got up and
+went into the passage-way, where he met a steward and asked him what was
+the matter. The steward knew nothing, and Mr. Ismay went back to his
+state-room, put on a dressing-gown and slippers, and went up to the
+bridge, where he saw the Captain. "What has happened?" he asked. "We
+have struck ice," was the answer. "Is the injury serious?" "I think so,"
+said the Captain. Then Mr. Ismay came down in search of the Chief
+Engineer, whom he met coming up to the bridge; he asked him the same
+question, and he also said he thought the injury serious. He understood
+from them that the ship was certainly in danger, but that there was hope
+that if the pumps could be kept going there would be no difficulty in
+keeping her afloat quite long enough for help to come and for the
+passengers to be taken off. Whatever was to be the result, it was a
+terrible moment for Mr. Ismay, a terrible blow to the pride and record
+of the Company, that this, their greatest and most invulnerable ship,
+should be at least disabled, and possibly lost, on her maiden voyage.
+But like a sensible man, he did not stand wringing his hands at the
+inevitable; he did what he could to reassure the passengers, repeating,
+perhaps with a slight quaver of doubt in his voice, the old
+word--unsinkable. When the boats began to be launched he went and tried
+to help, apparently in his anxiety getting rather in the way. In this
+endeavour he encountered the wrath of Mr. Lowe, the Fifth Officer, who
+was superintending the launching of boat No. 5. Mr. Lowe did not know
+the identity of the nervous, excited figure standing by the davits, nor
+recognize the voice which kept saying nervously, "Lower away! lower
+away!" and it was therefore with no misgivings that he ordered him away
+from the boat, saying brusquely, "If you will kindly get to hell out of
+this perhaps I'll be able to do something!"--a trifling incident, but
+evidence that Mr. Ismay made no use of his position for his own personal
+ends. He said nothing, and went away to another boat, where he succeeded
+in being more useful, and it was not till afterwards that an
+awe-stricken steward told the Fifth Officer who it was that he had
+chased away with such language. But after that Mr. Ismay was among the
+foremost in helping to sort out the women and children and get them
+expeditiously packed into the boats, with a burden of misery and
+responsibility on his heart that we cannot measure.
+
+One can imagine a great bustle and excitement while the boats were being
+sent away; but when they had all gone, and there was nothing more to be
+done, those who were left began to look about them and realize their
+position. There was no doubt about it, the _Titanic_ was sinking, not
+with any plunging or violent movement, but steadily settling down, as a
+rock seems to settle into the water when the tide rises about it.
+
+Down in the engine-room and stokeholds, in conditions which can hardly
+be imagined by the ordinary landsman, men were still working with a grim
+and stoic heroism. The forward stokeholds had been flooded probably an
+hour after the collision; but it is practically certain that the
+bulkheads forward of No. 5 held until the last. The doors in those aft
+of No. 4 had been opened by hand after they had been closed from the
+bridge, in order to facilitate the passage of the engineering staff
+about their business; and they remained open, and the principal bulkhead
+protecting the main engine-room, held until the last. Water thus found
+its way into some compartments, and gradually rose; but long after
+those in charge had given up all hope of saving the ship, the stokehold
+watch were kept hard at work drawing the fires from under the boilers,
+so that when the water reached them there should be no steam. The duty
+of the engine-room staff was to keep the pumps going as long as possible
+and to run the dynamos that supplied the current for the light and the
+Marconi installation. This they did, as the black water rose stage by
+stage upon them. At least twenty minutes before the ship sank the
+machinery must have been flooded, and the current for the lights and the
+wireless supplied from the storage plant. No member of the engine-room
+staff was ever seen alive again, but, when the water finally flooded the
+stokeholds, the watch were released and told to get up and save
+themselves if they could.
+
+And up on deck a chilly conviction of doom was slowly but certainly
+taking the place of that bland confidence in the unsinkable ship in
+which the previous hour had been lightly passed. That confidence had
+been dreadfully overdone, so much so that the stewards had found the
+greatest difficulty in persuading the passengers to dress themselves and
+come up on deck, and some who had done so had returned to their
+state-rooms and locked themselves in. The last twenty minutes, however,
+must have shown everyone on deck that there was not a chance left. On a
+ship as vast and solid as the _Titanic_ there is no sensation of actual
+sinking or settling. She still seemed as immovable as ever, but the
+water was climbing higher and higher up her black sides. The sensation
+was not that of the ship sinking, but of the water rising about her. And
+the last picture we have of her, while still visible, still a firm
+refuge amid the waters, is of the band still playing and a throng of
+people looking out from the lamplit upper decks after the disappearing
+boats, bracing themselves as best they might for the terrible plunge and
+shock which they knew was coming. Here and there men who were determined
+still to make a fight for life climbed over the rail and jumped over; it
+was not a seventy foot drop now--perhaps under twenty, but it was a
+formidable jump. Some were stunned, and some were drowned at once before
+the eyes of those who waited; and the dull splashes they made were
+probably the first visible demonstration of the death that was coming.
+Duties were still being performed; an old deck steward, who had charge
+of the chairs, was busily continuing to work, adapting his duties to the
+emergency that had arisen and lashing chairs together. In this he was
+helped by Mr. Andrews, who was last seen engaged on this strangely
+ironic task of throwing chairs overboard--frail rafts thrown upon the
+waters that might or might not avail some struggling soul when the
+moment should arrive, and the great ship of his designing float no
+longer. Throughout he had been untiring in his efforts to help and
+hearten people; but in this the last vision of him, there is something
+not far short of the sublime.
+
+The last collapsible boat was being struggled with on the upper deck,
+but there were no seamen about who understood its stiff mechanism;
+unaccustomed hands fumbled desperately with it, and finally pushed it
+over the side in its collapsed condition for use as a raft. Many of the
+seamen and stewards had gathered in the bar-room, where the attendant
+was serving out glasses of whiskey to any and all who came for it; but
+most men had an instinct against being under cover, and preferred to
+stand out in the open.
+
+And now those in the boats that had drawn off from the ship could see
+that the end was at hand. Her bows had gone under, although the stern
+was still fairly high out of the water. She had sunk down at the forward
+end of the great superstructure amidships; her decks were just awash,
+and the black throng was moving aft. The ship was blazing with light,
+and the strains of the band were faintly heard still playing as they had
+been commanded to do. But they had ceased to play the jolly rag-time
+tunes with which the bustle and labour of getting off the boats had been
+accompanied; solemn strains, the strains of a hymn, could be heard
+coming over the waters. Many women in the boats, looking back towards
+that lighted and subsiding mass, knew that somewhere, invisible among
+the throng, was all that they held dearest in the world waiting for
+death; and they could do nothing. Some tried to get the crews to turn
+back, wringing their hands, beseeching, imploring; but no crew dared
+face the neighbourhood of the giant in her death agony. They could only
+wait, and shiver, and look.
+
+
+
+
+XIII
+
+
+The end, when it came, was as gradual as everything else had been since
+the first impact. Just as there was no one moment at which everyone in
+the ship realized that she had suffered damage; just as there was no one
+moment when the whole of her company realized that they must leave her;
+just as there was no one moment when all in the ship understood that
+their lives were in peril, and no moment when they all knew she must
+sink; so there was no one moment at which all those left on board could
+have said, "She is gone." At one moment the floor of the bridge, where
+the Captain stood, was awash; the next a wave came along and covered it
+with four feet of water, in which the Captain was for a moment washed
+away, although he struggled back and stood there again, up to his knees
+in water. "Boys, you can do no more," he shouted, "look out for
+yourselves!" Standing near him was a fireman and--strange
+juxtaposition--two unclaimed solitary little children, scarce more than
+babies. The fireman seized one in his arms, the Captain another; another
+wave came and they were afloat in deep water, striking out over the rail
+of the bridge away from the ship.
+
+The slope of the deck increased, and the sea came washing up against it
+as waves wash against a steep shore. And then that helpless mass of
+humanity was stricken at last with the fear of death, and began to
+scramble madly aft, away from the chasm of water that kept creeping up
+and up the decks. Then a strange thing happened. They who had been
+waiting to sink into the sea found themselves rising into the air as the
+slope of the decks grew steeper. Up and up, dizzily high out of reach
+of the dark waters into which they had dreaded to be plunged, higher and
+higher into the air, towards the stars, the stern of the ship rose
+slowly right out of the water, and hung there for a time that is
+estimated variously between two and five minutes; a terrible eternity to
+those who were still clinging. Many, thinking the end had come, jumped;
+the water resounded with splash after splash as the bodies, like mice
+shaken out of a trap into a bucket, dropped into the water. All who
+could do so laid hold of something; ropes, stanchions, deck-houses,
+mahogany doors, window frames, anything, and so clung on while the stern
+of the giant ship reared itself towards the sky. Many had no hold, or
+lost the hold they had, and these slid down the steep smooth decks, as
+people slide down a water chute into the sea.
+
+We dare not linger here, even in imagination; dare not speculate; dare
+not look closely, even with the mind's eye, at this poor human agony,
+this last pitiful scramble for dear life that the serene stars shone
+down upon. We must either turn our faces away, or withdraw to that
+surrounding circle where the boats were hovering with their
+terror-stricken burdens, and see what they saw. They saw the after part
+of the ship, blazing with light, stand up, a suspended prodigy, between
+the stars and the waters; they saw the black atoms, each one of which
+they knew to be a living man or woman on fire with agony, sliding down
+like shot rubbish into the sea; they saw the giant decks bend and crack;
+they heard a hollow and tremendous rumbling as the great engines tore
+themselves from their steel beds and crashed through the ship; they saw
+sparks streaming in a golden rain from one of the funnels; heard the
+dull boom of an explosion while the spouting funnel fell over into the
+sea with a slap that killed every one beneath it and set the nearest
+boat rocking; heard two more dull bursting reports as the steel
+bulkheads gave way or decks blew up; saw the lights flicker out, flicker
+back again, and then go out for ever, and the ship, like some giant sea
+creature forsaking the strife of the upper elements for the peace of the
+submarine depths, launched herself with one slow plunge and dive beneath
+the waves.
+
+There was no great maelstrom as they had feared, but the sea was
+swelling and sinking all about them; and they could see waves and eddies
+where rose the imprisoned air, the smoke and steam of vomited-up ashes,
+and a bobbing commotion of small dark things where the _Titanic_, in her
+pride and her shame, with the clocks ticking and the fires burning in
+her luxurious rooms, had plunged down to the icy depths of death.
+
+
+
+
+XIV
+
+
+As the ship sank and the commotion and swirl of the waves subsided, the
+most terrible experience of all began. The seas were not voiceless; the
+horrified people in the surrounding boats heard an awful sound from the
+dark central area, a collective voice, compound of moans, shrieks, cries
+and despairing calls, from those who were struggling in the water. It
+was an area of death and of agony towards which those in the boats dared
+not venture, even although they knew their own friends were perishing
+and crying for help there. They could only wait and listen, hoping that
+it might soon be over. But it was not soon over. There was a great deal
+of floating wreckage to which hundreds of people clung, some for a
+short time, some for a long time; and while they clung on they cried out
+to their friends to save them. One boat--that commanded by Mr. Lowe, the
+Fifth Officer--did, after transshipping some of its passengers into other
+boats, and embarking a crew of oarsmen, venture back into the dark
+centre of things. The wreckage and dead bodies showed the sea so thickly
+that they could hardly row without touching a dead body; and once, when
+they were trying to reach a survivor who was clinging to a piece of
+broken staircase, praying and calling for help, it took them nearly half
+an hour to cover the fifty feet that separated them from him, so thick
+were the bodies. This reads like an exaggeration, but it is well
+attested. The water was icy cold, and benumbed many of them, who thus
+died quickly; a few held on to life, moaning, wailing, calling--but in
+vain.
+
+A few strong men were still making a desperate fight for life. The
+collapsible boat, which Bride had seen a group of passengers attempting
+to launch a few minutes before the ship sank, was washed off by a wave
+in its collapsed condition. Such boats contain air compartments in their
+bottom, and thus, even although they are not opened, they float like
+rafts, and can carry a considerable weight. Some of those who were swept
+off the ship by the same wave that took the boat found themselves near
+it and climbed on to it. Mr. Lightoller, the Second Officer, had dived
+as the ship dived, and been sucked down the steep submerged wall of the
+hull against the grating over the blower for the exhaust steam. Far down
+under the water he felt the force of an explosion which blew him up to
+the surface, where he breathed for a moment, and was then sucked back
+by the water washing into the ship as it sank. This time he landed
+against the grating over the pipes that furnished the draught for the
+funnels, and stuck there. There was another explosion, and again he came
+to the surface not many feet from the ship, and found himself near the
+collapsible boat, to which he clung. It was quite near him that the huge
+funnel fell over into the water and killed many swimmers before his
+eyes. He drifted for a time on the collapsible boat, until he was taken
+off into one of the lifeboats.
+
+Bride also found himself strangely involved with this boat, which he had
+last seen on the deck of the ship. When he was swept off, he found
+himself in the horrible position of being trapped under water beneath
+this boat. He struggled out and tried to climb on to it, but it took
+him a long time; at last, however, he managed to get up on it, and found
+five or six other people there. And now and then some other swimmer,
+stronger than most, would come up and be helped on board. Some thus
+helped died almost immediately; there were four found dead upon this
+boat when at last the survivors were rescued.
+
+There was another boat also not far off, a lifeboat, capsized likewise.
+Six men managed to scramble on to the keel of this craft; it was almost
+all she could carry. Mr. Caldwell, a second-class passenger, who had
+been swimming about in the icy water for nearly an hour, with dead
+bodies floating all about him, was beginning to despair when he found
+himself near a crate to which another man was clinging. "Will it hold
+two?" he asked. And the other man, with a rare heroism, said: "Catch
+hold and try; we will live or die together." And these two, clinging
+precariously to the crate, reached the overturned lifeboat and were
+hauled up to its keel. Presently another man came swimming along and
+asked if they could take him on. But the boat was already dangerously
+loaded; the weight of another man would have meant death for all, and
+they told him so. "All right," he cried, "good-bye; God bless you all!"
+And he sank before their eyes.
+
+Captain Smith, who had last been seen washed from the bridge as the ship
+sank, with a child in his arms, was seen once more before he died. He
+was swimming, apparently only in the hope of saving the child that he
+held; for in his austere conception of his duty there was no place of
+salvation for him while others were drowning and struggling. He swam up
+to a boat with the child and gasped out: "Take the child!" A dozen
+willing hands were stretched out to take it, and then to help him into
+the boat; but he shook them off. Only for a moment he held on, asking:
+"What became of Murdoch?" and when they said that he was dead, he let go
+his hold, saying: "Let me go"; and the last that they saw of him was
+swimming back towards the ship. He had no lifebelt; he had evidently no
+wish that there should be any gruesome resurrection of his body from the
+sea, and undoubtedly he found his grave where he wished to find it,
+somewhere hard by the grave of his ship.
+
+The irony of chance, the merciless and illogical selection which death
+makes in a great collective disaster, was exemplified over and over
+again in the deaths of people who had escaped safely to a boat, and the
+salvation of others who were involved in the very centre of destruction.
+The strangest escape of all was probably that of Colonel Gracie of the
+United States army, who jumped from the topmost deck of the ship when
+she sank and was sucked down with her. He was drawn down for a long
+while, and whirled round and round, and would have been drawn down to a
+depth from which he could never have come up alive if it had not been
+for the explosion which took place after the ship sank. "After sinking
+with the ship," he says, "it appeared to me as if I was propelled by
+some great force through the water. This may have been caused by
+explosions under the waters, and I remembered fearful stories of people
+being boiled to death. Innumerable thoughts of a personal nature, having
+relation to mental telepathy, flashed through my brain. I thought of
+those at home, as if my spirit might go to them to say good-bye. Again
+and again I prayed for deliverance, although I felt sure that the end
+had come. I had the greatest difficulty in holding my breath until I
+came to the surface. I knew that once I inhaled, the water would
+suffocate me. I struck out with all my strength for the surface. I got
+to the air again after a time that seemed to me unending. There was
+nothing in sight save the ocean strewn with great masses of wreckage,
+dying men and women all about me, groaning and crying piteously. I saw
+wreckage everywhere, and what came within reach I clung to. I moved from
+one piece to another until I reached the collapsible boat. She soon
+became so full that it seemed as if she would sink if more came on board
+her. We had to refuse to let any others climb on board. This was the
+most pathetic and horrible scene of all. The piteous cries of those
+around us ring in my ears, and I will remember them to my dying day.
+'Hold on to what you have, old boy,' we shouted to each man who tried
+to get on board. 'One more of you would sink us all.' Many of those whom
+we refused answered, as they went to their death, 'Good luck; God bless
+you.' All the time we were buoyed up and sustained by the hope of
+rescue. We saw lights in all directions--particularly some green lights
+which, as we learned later, were rockets burned by one of the
+_Titanic's_ boats. So we passed the night with the waves washing over
+and burying our raft deep in the water."
+
+It was twenty minutes past two when the _Titanic_ sank, two hours and
+forty minutes after she had struck the iceberg; and for two hours after
+that the boats drifted all round and about, some of them in bunches of
+three or four, others solitary. Almost every kind of suffering was
+endured in them, although, after the mental horrors of the preceding
+hour, physical sufferings were scarcely felt. Some of the boats had
+hardly anyone but women in them; in many the stokers and stewards were
+quite useless at the oars. But here and there, in that sorrowful,
+horror-stricken company, heroism lifted its head and human nature took
+heart again. Women took their turn at the oars in boats where the men
+were either too few or incapable of rowing; and one woman notably, the
+Countess of Rothes, practically took command of her boat and was at an
+oar all the time. Where they were rowing to most of them did not know.
+They had seen lights at the time the ship went down, and some of them
+made for these; but they soon disappeared, and probably most of the
+boats were following each other aimlessly, led by one boat in which some
+green flares were found, which acted as a beacon for which the others
+made. One man had a pocket electric lamp, which he flashed now and
+then, a little ray of hope and guidance shining across those dark and
+miserable waters. Not all of the boats had food and water on board. Many
+women were only in their night-clothes, some of the men in evening
+dress; everyone was bitterly cold, although, fortunately, there was no
+wind and no sea.
+
+The stars paled in the sky; the darkness became a little lighter; the
+gray daylight began to come. Out of the surrounding gloom a wider and
+wider area of sea became visible, with here and there a boat discernible
+on it, and here and there some fragments of wreckage. By this time the
+boats had rowed away from the dreadful region, and but few floating
+bodies were visible. The waves rose and fell, smooth as oil, first gray
+in colour, and then, as the light increased, the pure dark blue of
+mid-ocean. The eastern sky began to grow red under the cloud bank, and
+from red to orange, and from orange to gold, the lovely pageantry of an
+Atlantic dawn began to unfold itself before the aching eyes that had
+been gazing on prodigies and horrors. From out that well of light in the
+sky came rays that painted the wave-backs first with rose, and then with
+saffron, and then with pure gold. And in the first flush of that blessed
+and comforting light the draggled and weary sufferers saw, first a speck
+far to the south, then a smudge of cloud, and then the red and black
+smoke-stack of a steamer that meant succour and safety for them.
+
+
+
+
+XV
+
+
+From every quarter of the ocean, summoned by the miracle of the wireless
+voice, many ships had been racing since midnight to the help of the
+doomed liner. From midnight onwards captains were being called by
+messages from the wireless operators of their ships, telling them that
+the _Titanic_ was asking for help; courses were being altered and chief
+engineers called upon to urge their stokehold crews to special efforts;
+for coal means steam, and steam means speed, and speed may mean life.
+Many ships that could receive the strong electric impulses sent out from
+the _Titanic_ had not electric strength enough to answer; but they
+turned and came to that invisible spot represented by a few figures
+which the faithful wireless indicated. Even as far as five hundred miles
+away, the _Parisian_ turned in her tracks in obedience to the call and
+came racing towards the north-west. But there were tragedies even with
+the wireless. The Leyland liner _Californian_, bound for Boston, was
+only seventeen miles away from the _Titanic_ when she struck, and could
+have saved every soul on board; but her wireless apparatus was not
+working, and she was deaf to the agonized calls that were being sent out
+from only a few miles away. The _Parisian_, five hundred miles away,
+could hear and come, though it was useless; the _Californian_ could not
+hear and so did not come though, if she had, she would probably have
+saved every life on board. The _Cincinnati_, the _Amerika_, the _Prinz
+Friedrich Wilhelm_, the _Menominee_, the _La Provence_, the _Prinz
+Adalbert_, the _Virginian_, the _Olympic_, and the _Baltic_ all heard
+the news and all turned towards Lat. 41 deg. 46' N., Long. 50 deg. 14' W.
+The dread news was being whispered all over the sea, and even ashore, just
+as the dwellers on the North Atlantic seaboard were retiring to rest,
+the station at Cape Race intercepted the talk of the _Titanic_ 270 miles
+away, and flashed the message out far and wide; so that Government tugs
+and ships with steam up in harbours, and everything afloat in the
+vicinity which heard the news might hurry to the rescue. Cape Race soon
+heard that the _Virginian_ was on her way to the _Titanic's_ position,
+then that the _Olympic_ and _Carpathia_ had altered their courses and
+were making for the wounded ship, and so on. Throughout the night the
+rumours in the air were busy, while still the steady calls came out in
+firm electric waves from the _Titanic_--still calling, still flashing
+"C.Q.D." At 1.20 she whispered to the _Olympic_, "Get your boats ready;
+going down fast by the head." At 1.35 the _Frankfurt_ (after an hour and
+a half's delay) said, "We are starting for you." Then at 1.41 came a
+message to the _Olympic_, "C.Q.D., boilers flooded."
+
+"Are there any boats round you already?" asked the _Olympic_, but there
+was no answer.
+
+Other ships began to call, giving encouraging messages: "We are coming,"
+said the _Birma_, "only fifty miles away"; but still there was no
+answer.
+
+All over the North Atlantic men in lighted instrument rooms sat
+listening with the telephones at their ears; they heard each other's
+questions and waited in the silence, but it was never broken again by
+the voice from the _Titanic_. "All quiet now," reported the _Birma_ to
+the _Olympic_, and all quiet it was, except for the thrashing and
+pounding of a score of propellers, and the hiss of a dozen steel stems
+as they ripped the smooth waters on courses converging to the spot where
+the wireless voice had suddenly flickered out into silence.
+
+But of all those who had been listening to the signals Captain Rostron
+of the _Carpathia_ knew that his ship would most likely be among the
+first to reach the spot. It was about midnight on Sunday that the
+passengers of the _Carpathia_ first became aware that something unusual
+was happening. The course had been changed and a certain hurrying about
+on the decks took the place of the usual midnight quiet. The trembling
+and vibration increased to a quick jumping movement as pressure of steam
+was gradually increased and the engines urged to the extreme of their
+driving capacity. The chief steward summoned his staff and set them to
+work making sandwiches and preparing hot drinks. All the hot water was
+cut off from the cabins and bath-rooms, so that every ounce of steam
+could be utilized for driving the machinery.
+
+The _Carpathia_ was nearly seventy miles from the position of the
+_Titanic_ when she changed her course and turned northward; she had been
+steaming just over four hours when, in the light of that wonderful dawn,
+those on the look-out descried a small boat. As they drew nearer they
+saw other boats, and fragments of wreckage, and masses of ice drifting
+about the sea. Captain Rostron stopped while he was still a good
+distance from the boats, realizing that preparations must be made before
+he could take passengers on board. The accommodation gangway was rigged
+and also rope ladders lowered over the sides, and canvas slings were
+arranged to hoist up those who were too feeble to climb. The passengers
+crowded along the rail or looked out of their portholes to see the
+reaping of this strange harvest of the sea. The first boat came up
+almost filled with women and children--women in evening dress or in fur
+coats thrown over nightgowns, in silk stockings and slippers, in rags
+and shawls. The babies were crying; some of the women were injured and
+some half-fainting; all had horror on their faces. Other boats began to
+come up, and the work of embarking the seven hundred survivors went on.
+It took a long time, for some of the boats were far away, and it was not
+until they had been seven hours afloat that the last of them were taken
+on board the _Carpathia_. Some climbed up the ladders, others were put
+into the slings and swung on board, stewards standing by with rum and
+brandy to revive the fainting; and many willing hands were occupied
+with caring for the sufferers, taking them at once to improvised couches
+and beds, or conducting those who were not so exhausted to the saloon
+where hot drinks and food were ready. But it was a ghastly company. As
+boat after boat came up, those who had already been saved eagerly
+searched among its occupants to see if their own friends were among
+them; and as gradually the tale of boats was completed and it was known
+that no more had been saved, and the terrible magnitude of the loss was
+realized--then, in the words of one of the _Carpathia's_ people, "Bedlam
+broke loose." Women who had borne themselves bravely throughout the
+hours of waiting and exposure broke into shrieking hysterics, calling
+upon the names of their lost. Some went clean out of their minds; one or
+two died there in the very moment of rescue. The _Carpathia's_
+passengers gave up their rooms and ransacked their trunks to find
+clothing for the more than half-naked survivors; and at last exhaustion,
+resignation, and the doctor's merciful drugs did the rest. The dead were
+buried; those who had been snatched too late from the bitter waters were
+committed to them again, and eternally, with solemn words; and the
+_Carpathia_ was headed for New York.
+
+
+
+
+XVI
+
+
+The _Californian_ had come up while the _Carpathia_ was taking the
+survivors on board, and it was arranged that she should remain and
+search the vicinity while the _Carpathia_ made all haste to New York.
+And the other ships that had answered the call for help either came up
+later in the morning and stayed for a little cruising about in the
+forlorn hope of finding more survivors, or else turned back and resumed
+their voyages when they heard the _Carpathia's_ tidings.
+
+In the meantime the shore stations could get no news. Word reached New
+York and London in the course of the morning that the _Titanic_ had
+struck an iceberg and was badly damaged, but nothing more was known
+until a message, the origin of which could not be discovered, came to
+say that the _Titanic_ was being towed to Halifax by the _Virginian_,
+and that all her passengers were saved. With this news the London
+evening papers came out on that Monday, and even on Tuesday the early
+editions of the morning papers had the same story, and commented upon
+the narrow escape of the huge ship. Even the White Star officials had on
+Monday no definite news; and when their offices in New York were
+besieged by newspaper men and relatives of the passengers demanding
+information, the pathetic belief in the _Titanic's_ strength was allowed
+to overshadow anxieties concerning the greater disaster. Mr. Franklin,
+the vice-president of the American Trust to which the White Star Company
+belongs, issued the following statement from New York on Monday:
+
+     "We have nothing direct from the _Titanic_, but are perfectly
+     satisfied that the vessel is unsinkable. The fact that the
+     Marconi messages have ceased means nothing; it may be due to
+     atmospheric conditions or the coming up of the ships, or
+     something of that sort.
+
+     "We are not worried over the possible loss of the ship, as she
+     will not go down, but we are sorry for the inconvenience
+     caused to the travelling public. We are absolutely certain
+     that the _Titanic_ is able to withstand any damage. She may be
+     down by the head, but would float indefinitely in that
+     condition."
+
+Still that same word, "unsinkable," which had now indeed for the first
+time become a true one: for it is only when she lies at the bottom of
+the sea that any ship can be called unsinkable. On Tuesday morning when
+the dreadful news was first certainly known, those proud words had to be
+taken back. Again Mr. Franklin had to face the reporters, and this time
+he could only say:
+
+     "I must take upon myself the whole blame for that statement. I
+     made it, and I believed it when I made it. The accident to the
+     _Olympic_, when she collided with the cruiser _Hawke_,
+     convinced me that these ships, the _Olympic_ and _Titanic_,
+     were built like battleships, able to resist almost any kind of
+     accident, particularly a collision. I made the statement in
+     good faith, and upon me must rest the responsibility for
+     error, since the fact has proved that it was not a correct
+     description of the unfortunate _Titanic_."
+
+And for three days while the _Carpathia_ was ploughing her way, now
+slowly through ice-strewn seas, and now at full speed through open
+water, and while England lay under the cloud of an unprecedented
+disaster, New York was in a ferment of grief, excitement, and
+indignation. Crowds thronged the streets outside the offices of the
+White Star Line, while gradually, in lists of thirty or forty at a time,
+the names of the survivors began to come through from the _Carpathia_.
+And at last, when all the names had been spelled out, and interrogated,
+and corrected, the grim total of the figures stood out in appalling
+significance--seven hundred and three saved, one thousand five hundred
+and three lost.
+
+It is not possible, nor would it be very profitable, to describe the
+scenes that took place on these days of waiting, the alternations of
+hope and grief, of thankfulness and wild despair, of which the shipping
+offices were the scene. They culminated on the Thursday evening when
+the _Carpathia_ arrived in New York. The greatest precautions had been
+taken to prevent the insatiable thirst for news from turning that solemn
+disembarkation into a battlefield. The entrance to the dock was
+carefully guarded, and only those were admitted who had business there
+or who could prove that they had relations among the rescued passengers.
+Similar precautions were taken on the ship; she was not even boarded by
+the Custom officials, nor were any reporters allowed on board, although
+a fleet of steam launches went out in the cold rainy evening to meet
+her, bearing pressmen who were prepared to run any risks to get a
+footing on the ship. They failed, however, and the small craft were left
+behind in the mist, as the _Carpathia_ came gliding up the Hudson.
+
+Among the waiting crowd were nurses, doctors, and a staff of ambulance
+men and women; for all kinds of wild rumours were afloat as to the
+condition of those who had been rescued. The women of New York had
+devoted the days of waiting to the organization of a powerful relief
+committee, and had collected money and clothing on an ample scale to
+meet the needs of those, chiefly among the steerage passengers, who
+should find themselves destitute when they landed. And there, in the
+rain of that gloomy evening, they waited.
+
+At last they saw the _Carpathia_ come creeping up the river and head
+towards the White Star pier. The flashlights of photographers were
+playing about her, and with this silent salute she came into dock.
+Gateways had been erected, shutting off the edge of the pier from the
+sheds in which the crowd was waiting, and the first sight they had of
+the rescued was when after the gangway had been rigged, and the brief
+formalities of the shore complied with, the passengers began slowly to
+come down the gangway. A famous English dramatist who was looking on at
+the scene has written of it eloquently, describing the strange varieties
+of bearing and demeanour; how one face had a startled, frightened look
+that seemed as if it would always be there, another a set and staring
+gaze; how one showed an angry, rebellious desperation, and another
+seemed merely dazed. Some carried on stretchers, some supported by
+nurses, and some handed down by members of the crew, they came, either
+to meetings that were agonizing in their joy, or to blank loneliness
+that would last until they died. Five or six babies without mothers,
+some of them utterly unidentified and unidentifiable, were handed down
+with the rest, so strangely preserved, in all their tenderness and
+helplessness, through that terrible time of confusion and exposure.
+
+And in the minds of those who looked on at this sad procession there was
+one tragic, recurrent thought: that for every one who came down the
+gangway, ill perhaps, maimed perhaps, destitute perhaps, but alive and
+on solid earth again, there were two either drifting in the slow Arctic
+current, or lying in the great submarine valley to which the ship had
+gone down. They were a poor remnant indeed of all that composite world
+of pride, and strength, and riches; for Death winnows with a strange
+fan, and although one would suit his purpose as well as another, he
+often chooses the best and the strongest. There were card-sharpers, and
+orphaned infants, and destitute consumptives among the saved; and there
+were hundreds of heroes and strong men among the drowned. There were
+among the saved those to whom death would have been no great enemy, who
+had no love for life or ties to bind them to it; and there were those
+among the drowned for whom life was at its very best and dearest; lovers
+and workers in the very morning of life before whom the years had
+stretched forward rich with promise.
+
+And when nearly all had gone and the crowd in the docks was melting
+away, one man, who had until then remained secluded in the ship came
+quietly out, haggard and stricken with woe: Bruce Ismay, the
+representative and figure-head of that pride and power which had given
+being to the _Titanic_. In a sense he bore on his own shoulders the
+burden of every sufferer's grief and loss; and he bore it, not with
+shame, for he had no cause for shame, but with reticence of words and
+activity in such alleviating deeds as were possible, and with a dignity
+which was proof against even the bitter injustice of which he was the
+victim in the days that followed. There was pity enough in New York,
+hysterical pity, sentimental pity, real pity, practical pity, for all
+the obvious and patent distress of the bereaved and destitute; but there
+was no pity for this man who, of all that ragged remnant that walked
+back to life down the _Carpathia's_ gangway, had perhaps the most need
+of pity.
+
+
+
+
+XVII
+
+
+The symbols of Honour and Glory and Time that looked so handsome in the
+flooding sunlight of the _Titanic's_ stairway lie crushed into
+unrecognizable shapes and splinters beneath the tonnage of two thousand
+fathoms of ocean water. Time is no more for the fifteen hundred souls
+who perished with them; but Honour and Glory, by strange ways and
+unlooked-for events, have come into their own. It was not Time, nor the
+creatures and things of Time, that received their final crown there; but
+things that have nothing to do with Time, qualities that, in their power
+of rising beyond all human limitations, we must needs call divine.
+
+The _Titanic_ was in more senses than one a fool's paradise. There is
+nothing that man can build that nature cannot destroy, and far as he may
+advance in might and knowledge and cunning, her blind strength will
+always be more than his match. But men easily forget this; they wish to
+forget it; and the beautiful and comfortable and agreeable equipment of
+this ship helped them to forget it. You may cover the walls of a ship
+with rare woods and upholster them with tapestries and brocades, but it
+is the bare steel walls behind them on which you depend to keep out the
+water; it is the strength of those walls, relatively to the strength of
+such natural forces as may be arrayed against them, on which the safety
+of the ship depends. If they are weaker than something which assails
+them, the water must come in and the ship must sink. It was assumed too
+readily that, in the case of the _Titanic_, these things could not
+happen; it was assumed too readily that if in the extreme event they did
+happen, the manifold appliances for saving life would be amply
+sufficient for the security of the passengers. Thus they lived in a
+serene confidence such as no ship's company ever enjoyed before, or will
+enjoy again for a long time to come. And there were gathered about them
+almost all those accessories of material life which are necessary to the
+paradise of fools, and are extremely agreeable to wiser men.
+
+It was this perfect serenity of their condition which made so poignant
+the tragedy of their sudden meeting with death--that pale angel whom
+every man knows that he must some day encounter, but whom most of us
+hope to find at the end of some road a very long way off waiting for us
+with comforting and soothing hands. We do not expect to meet him
+suddenly turning the corner of the street, or in an environment of
+refined and elegant conviviality, or in the midst of our noonday
+activities, or at midnight on the high seas when we are dreaming on
+feather pillows. But it was thus that those on the _Titanic_ encountered
+him, waiting there in the ice and the starlight, arresting the ship's
+progress with his out-stretched arm, and standing by, waiting, while the
+sense of his cold presence gradually sank like a frost into their
+hearts.
+
+To say that all the men who died on the _Titanic_ were heroes would be
+as absurd as to say that all who were saved were cowards. There were
+heroes among both groups and cowards among both groups, as there must be
+among any large number of men. It is the collective behaviour and the
+general attitude towards disaster that is important at such a time; and
+in this respect there is ample evidence that death scored no advantage
+in the encounter, and that, though he took a spoil of bodies that had
+been destined for him since the moment of their birth, he left the
+hearts unconquered. In that last half-hour before the end, when every
+one on the ship was under sentence of death, modern civilization went
+through a severe test. By their bearing in that moment those fated men
+and women had to determine whether, through the long years of peace and
+increase of material comfort and withdrawal from contact with the cruder
+elements of life, their race had deteriorated in courage and morale. It
+is only by such great tests that we can determine how we stand in these
+matters, and, as they periodically recur, measure our advance or
+decline. And the human material there made the test a very severe one;
+for there were people on the _Titanic_ who had so entrenched themselves
+behind ramparts of wealth and influence as to have wellnigh forgotten
+that, equally with the waif and the pauper, they were exposed to the
+caprice of destiny; and who might have been forgiven if, in that awful
+moment of realization, they had shown the white feather and given
+themselves over to panic. But there is ample evidence that these men
+stood the test equally as well as those whose occupation and training
+made them familiar with the risks of the sea, to which they were
+continually exposed, and through which they might reasonably expect to
+come to just such an end. There was no theatrical heroism, no striking
+of attitudes, or attempt to escape from the dread reality in any form of
+spiritual hypnosis; they simply stood about the decks, smoking
+cigarettes, talking to one another, and waiting for their hour to
+strike. There is nothing so hard, nothing so entirely dignified, as to
+be silent and quiet in the face of an approaching horror.
+
+That was one form of heroism, which will make the influence of this
+thing deathless long after the memory of it has faded as completely from
+the minds of men as sight or sign of it has faded from that area of
+ocean where, two miles above the sunken ship, the rolling blue furrows
+have smoothed away all trace of the struggles and agonies that
+embittered it. But there was another heroism which must be regarded as
+the final crown and glory of this catastrophe--not because it is
+exceptional, for happily it is not, but because it continued and
+confirmed a tradition of English sea life that should be a tingling
+inspiration to everyone who has knowledge of it. The men who did the
+work of the ship were no composite, highly drilled body like the men in
+the navy who, isolated for months at a time and austerely disciplined,
+are educated into an _esprit de corps_ and sense of responsibility that
+make them willing, in moments of emergency, to sacrifice individual
+safety to the honour of the ship and of the Service to which they
+belong. These stokers, stewards, and seamen were the ordinary scratch
+crew, signed on at Southampton for one round trip to New York and back;
+most of them had never seen each other or their officers before; they
+had none of the training or the securities afforded by a great national
+service; they were simply--especially in the case of the stokers--men so
+low in the community that they were able to live no pleasanter life than
+that afforded by the stokehold of a ship--an inferno of darkness and
+noise and commotion and insufferable heat--men whose experience of the
+good things of life was half an hour's breathing of the open sea air
+between their spells of labour at the furnaces, or a drunken spree
+ashore whence, after being poisoned by cheap drink and robbed by joyless
+women of the fruits of their spell of labour, they are obliged to return
+to it again to find the means for another debauch. Not the stuff out of
+which one would expect an austere heroism to be evolved. Yet such are
+the traditions of the sea, such is the power of those traditions and the
+spirit of those who interpret them, that some of these men--not all, but
+some--remained down in the _Titanic's_ stokeholds long after she had
+struck, and long after the water, pouring like a cataract through the
+rent in her bottom and rising like a tide round the black holes where
+they worked, had warned them that her doom, and probably theirs, was
+sealed.
+
+In the engine-room were another group of heroes, men of a far higher
+type, with fine intelligences, trained in all the subtleties and craft
+of modern ships, men with education and imagination who could see in
+their mind's eye all the variations of horror that might await them.
+These men also continued at their routine tasks in the engine room,
+knowing perfectly well that no power on earth could save them, choosing
+to stay there while there was work to be done for the common good, their
+best hope being presently to be drowned instead of being boiled or
+scalded to death. All through the ship, though in less awful
+circumstances, the same spirit was being observed; men who had duties to
+do went on doing them because they were the kind of men to whom in such
+an hour it came more easily to perform than to shirk their duties. The
+three ship's boys spent the whole of that hour carrying provisions from
+the store-room to the deck; the post-office employes worked in the
+flooded mail-room below to save the mail-bags and carry them up to where
+they might be taken off if there should be a chance; the purser and his
+men brought up the ship's books and money, against all possibility of
+its being any use to do so, but because it was their duty at such a time
+to do so; the stewards were busy to the end with their domestic, and the
+officers with their executive, duties. In all this we have an example of
+spontaneous discipline--for they had never been drilled in doing these
+things, they only knew that they had to do them--such as no barrack-room
+discipline in the world could match. In such moments all artificial
+bonds are useless. It is what men are in themselves that determines
+their conduct; and discipline and conduct like this are proofs, not of
+the superiority of one race over another, but that in the core of human
+nature itself there is an abiding sweetness and soundness that fear
+cannot embitter nor death corrupt.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The twin gray horses are still at their work in Belfast Lough, and on
+any summer morning you may see their white manes shining like gold as
+they escort you in from the sunrise and the open sea to where the smoke
+rises and the din resounds.
+
+For the iron forest has branched again, and its dreadful groves are
+echoing anew to the clamour of the hammers and the drills. Another ship,
+greater and stronger even than the lost one, is rising within the
+cathedral scaffoldings; and the men who build her, companions of those
+whom the _Titanic_ spilled into the sea, speak among themselves and say,
+"this time we shall prevail."
+
+_May 1912._
+
+
+
+
+A TABLE
+
+SHOWING THE LOSS OF LIFE ON THE _TITANIC_
+
+
+                  FIRST CLASS
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.  Saved.  Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men              173       58    115         34
+  Women            144      139      5         97
+  Children           5        5      0        100
+                   ---      ---    ---        ---
+    Total          322      202    120         63
+
+
+                  SECOND CLASS
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.  Saved.  Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men              160      13     147          8
+  Women             93      78      15         84
+  Children          24      24       0        100
+                   ---     ---     ---        ---
+    Total          277     115     162         42
+
+
+                  THIRD CLASS
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.  Saved.  Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men            454      55     399          12
+  Women          179      98      81          55
+  Children        76      23      53          30
+                 ---     ---     ---         ---
+    Total        709     176     533          25
+
+                  TOTAL PASSENGERS
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.  Saved.  Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men              787     126    661        16
+  Women            416     315    101        76
+  Children         105      52     53        49
+                  ----     ---    ---       ---
+    Total         1308     493    815        38
+
+
+                      CREW
+
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.  Saved.  Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men              875     189    686        22
+  Women             23      21      2        91
+                   ---     ---    ---       ---
+    Total          898     210    688        23
+
+
+              TOTAL PASSENGERS AND CREW
+                                         Per cent.
+                Carried.   Saved. Lost.     saved.
+
+  Men              1662     315   1347        19
+  Women             439     336    103        77
+  Children          105      52     53        49
+                   ----     ---   ----       ---
+    Total          2206     703   1503        32
+
+
+
+
+  CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
+  TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
+
+
+
+
+BY THE SAME AUTHOR
+
+CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS AND THE NEW WORLD OF HIS DISCOVERY.
+
+With Frontispiece in colour by Norman Wilkinson. Portrait, Maps,
+Illustrations, Appendices and a Note on the Navigation of Columbus's
+First Voyage by the Earl of Dunraven, K.P. Large Post 8vo, cloth, gilt.
+7_s._ 6_d._ net. (Third Edition.)
+
+Mr. Henry Vignaud, late Secretary of the American Embassy and
+distinguished historian of Columbus, says:
+
+"_In this book the hero who discovered the New World is shown for the
+first time as a living man.... A more true and lively picture of the
+great discoverer than is contained in any other work._"
+
+"Mr. Filson Young has done nothing better ... there is not a dull page
+in the seven hundred. His descriptions of visible things, of streets and
+hills, and seas and men, are vivid in his accustomed manner. His
+narrative is rich and marching, yet sufficiently precise.... For the
+modern taste there is really nothing about Columbus to compare with Mr.
+Young's for matter and style."--_The Morning Post._
+
+"If these volumes do not bring the figure of Columbus into closer
+relation with the mind of the present generation, it must be because
+people simply do not care to learn about anything that lies a few yards
+beyond their own thresholds. Our hope, however, is better; and we
+imagine that there will be a wide public for a narrative so fresh and
+spirited.
+
+"Mr. Filson Young tells his story, without turning to the right hand or
+to the left, in a free and fluent fashion.... Very vigorous too are the
+passages dealing with his voyages, for Mr. Filson Young has drunk deep
+of the spirit of the sea and nowhere writes so well as in his account of
+the seafarer's business in great waters.... The book abounds in
+interludes of suggestive thought and clear, vigorous expression. But,
+the book must be commended for the keen, eager spirit of its narrative
+and the abounding interest of its romances. If all gleaners in the field
+of history were as skilful as Mr. Young, we should not hear so much
+about the dry-as-dust dullness of what ought to be always one of the
+most fascinating forms of literary art."
+
+Mr. W. L. Courtney in _The Daily Telegraph_.
+
+"Mr. Young has given us an estimate of the man which is attractive and
+poetical. His account of the four voyages to the Indies is a romance of
+the sea.... His book is a book of colour and the spirit of adventure. We
+delight in that vision of his which shows to others the world and the
+sea and the strange 'Indias' very much as Columbus saw them, with his
+keen eyes, four centuries ago."--_The Manchester Guardian._
+
+"History clothed with a gracious humanity ... history that has reality
+and life ... not a mere record of his acts, but a reconstruction of the
+man who died four centuries ago, so that at the end of the book we feel
+that we have known and spoken with Columbus.... Breathes interest from
+every page."--_The Daily Chronicle._
+
+"He writes with charm, with colour, and with humour ... very readable
+and eloquent.... We can give but a little quotation to show Mr. Young's
+eloquence, but we can assure the reader that he has many passages that
+set one longing for the sea."--Mr. John Masefield in _The Tribune._
+
+"It is almost impossible to do justice to the splendour and romance of
+these two finely produced volumes.... 'Charity, truth, and justice,'
+that is the meed Columbus has from Mr. Filson Young, whose book--austere,
+dignified, stately--forms by far the most striking and vivid portrait of
+the hero in our language."--_The Morning Leader._
+
+"To write a new book on Columbus seems a daring project; so many folios
+have already been dedicated to his life. Mr. Young has justified
+himself; so many books on the Genoese sailor have been either
+unexpectedly dull or painfully inaccurate. Mr. Young is neither; in a
+style pleasant and lucid he has set before us with vigour the period and
+the setting of these famous voyages. In his pages we can enter into the
+feelings and aspirations of those Western seamen."--_The Pall Mall
+Gazette._
+
+GRANT RICHARDS, LTD. 7, CARLTON ST. LONDON, S.W.
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+=Booth, Edward C.=
+
+-- The Doctor's Lass. 6s. [_Second Edition._
+
+-- The Cliff End. Illustrated. 6s. [_Fourth Edition._
+
+=Braithwaite, W. S.=
+
+-- The Book of Georgian Verse. 1300 pages. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s.
+net.
+
+=Browne, Sir Thomas.=
+
+-- Religio Medici, Urn Burial and an Essay on Dreams. With Frontispiece.
+Pott 8vo. Leather gilt, 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net.
+
+=Bruce, H. Addington.=
+
+-- The Riddle of Personality. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+=Burgess, Gelett.=
+
+-- The Heart Line. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+=Burland, Harris.=
+
+-- The Broken Law. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+-- The Black Motor Car. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+=Burroughs, D.=
+
+-- Jack the Giant-killer, Junior. With 11 Illustrations. Fcap. 4to.
+Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Cain, Georges.=
+
+-- Nooks and Corners of Old Paris. Translated by Frederick Lawton.
+Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Caldbeck, Major Roper.=
+
+-- The Nation and the Army. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6_d._ net.
+
+=Campbell, F. W. Groves.=
+
+-- Apollonius of Tyana. With an Introduction by Ernest Oldmeadow. Crown
+8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+-- _See also under_ Androutsos, Chrestos.
+
+=Carmichael, Philip.=
+
+-- The Man from the Moon. With 8 Illustrations in Colour and many in
+Black-and-White by Frank Watkins. Pott 4to. Cloth. 6s.
+
+=Casson, Herbert N.=
+
+-- The Romance of Steel: The Story of a Thousand Millionaires.
+Illustrated. Medium 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6_d._ net.
+
+=Castle, Tudor Ralph.=
+
+-- The Gentle Shepherd. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Cawein, Madison.=
+
+-- New Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Half parchment. 5s. net.
+
+=CHAPBOOKS, THE.= Royal 32mo. Lambskin gilt, each 2s. 6d. net.
+        I. Lyrists of the Restoration.
+       II. Essays Moral and Polite.
+      III. The Poems of Herrick.
+       IV. Lyrics of Ben Jonson, and Beaumont & Fletcher.
+
+=Chatterton, Thomas.= _See under_ Russell, Charles Edward.
+
+=Chaucer, Geoffrey.=
+
+-- The Canterbury Tales. Told by Percy Mackaye. With Illustrations in
+Colour by W. Appleton Clark. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. [_Out of
+print._
+
+=Chester, George Randolph.=
+
+-- Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford. 6s.
+
+=Coleridge, Samuel Taylor.= _See under_ Venetian Series, The.
+
+=Consule Planco=: Being Reflections of an Etonian of that Period. Fcap.
+8vo. cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Copping, Arthur E.=
+
+-- Gotty and the Guv'nor: A True Narrative of Gotty's Doings Ashore and
+Afloat, with an Account of his Voyage of Discovery on a Shrimping Bawley
+in the English Channel. With 24 Illustrations by Will Owen. 6s. [_Out of
+print._
+
+=Cornford, L. Cope.=
+
+-- Parson Brand. 6s.
+
+-- The Canker at the Heart: Being Studies in the Life of the Poor in the
+Year of Grace 1905. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+-- The Defenceless Islands: A Study of the Social and Industrial
+Conditions of Great Britain and Ireland, and of the Effect upon them of
+an Outbreak of a Maritime War. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Cottingham, H.=
+
+-- Business Success. Royal 16mo. Cloth, 1s. net. Sewed, 6d. net
+
+=Cruickshank, J. W.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical
+Guides.
+
+=Curties, Henry.=
+
+-- Renee. 6s.
+
+=Dampier, Captain William.=
+
+-- The Voyages of Captain William Dampier. Edited by John Masefield.
+Illustrated. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. 25s. net. Limited to 1000 copies.
+[_Out of print._
+
+=Danrit, Captain.=
+
+-- The Sunken Submarine. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. [_In
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+
+=Davidson, John.=
+
+-- The Testament of John Davidson. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+-- Fleet Street and other Poems. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net.
+
+-- Mammon and his Message. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- The Triumph of Mammon. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- The Theatrocrat: A Tragic Play of Church and Stage. Crown 8vo. Cloth
+gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- Holiday and Other Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Buckram gilt. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Davis, Colonel Newnham.=
+
+-- The Gourmet's Guide to Europe. Third Edition, revised. Fcap. 8vo.
+Cloth. 5s. net.
+
+-- The Gourmet's Guide to London. [_In preparation._
+
+=Dawson, A. J.=
+
+-- The Message. 6s.--Cheap Edition. Crown 8vo. Sewed 1s. net. [_Fourth
+Edition._
+
+-- The Genteel A. B. With 4 Illustrations in Colour by W. Ralston. 6s.
+[_Second Edition._
+
+-- Finn the Wolfhound. With 16 full-page and 36 other Illustrations by R.
+H. Buxton. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._
+
+=Dawson, Mrs. Frederick.= -- The Upper Hand. 6s.
+
+=Delacombe, Harry.=
+
+-- The Boys' Book of Airships. Fully Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth.
+6s.
+
+=De Windt, Harry.=
+
+-- My Restless Life. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth, gilt. 7s. 6d.
+net.
+
+=Dole, Nathan Haskell.=
+
+-- The Russian Fairy Book. With Illustrations in Colour. Medium 8vo.
+Cloth. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Douglas, James.=
+
+-- The Unpardonable Sin. With Frontispiece in Colour by Frank Haviland.
+6s. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net.
+
+=Duncan, Stanley.=
+
+-- The Complete Wild-fowler Ashore and Afloat. Illustrated. Royal 8vo.
+Cloth gilt. 15s. net.
+
+=Durand, R. A.=
+
+-- Oxford: its Buildings and Gardens. With 32 Reproductions from Drawings
+in Colour by W. A. Wildman. Large post 4to. Cloth gilt. 21s. net Edition
+de luxe, limited to 100 copies, 42s. net.
+
+=Duret, Theodore.=
+
+-- Manet and the French Impressionists. Translated by J. E. Crawford
+Flitch, M.A. Illustrated with Etchings and Wood Engravings, and with 32
+Reproductions in half-tone. Crown 4to. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net.
+
+=ELIZABETHAN CLASSICS, THE.=
+
+-- The Essayes of Michael Lord of Montaigne. The Famous Flowered
+Contemporary Version of John Florio. With an Introduction by Thomas
+Seccombe. Edition limited to 1150 numbered copies for sale in England
+and America. With Portraits. 3 vols. Extra demy 8vo. Buckram gilt. 31s.
+6d. net.
+
+=Enock, C. Reginald, F.R.G.S.=
+
+-- The Great Pacific Coast. With 64 Illustrations and a Map. Demy 8vo.
+Cloth gilt. 16s. net.
+
+-- An Imperial Commonwealth. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Flitch, J. E. Crawford, M.A.=
+
+-- Mediterranean Moods: Footnotes of Travel in the Islands of Mallorca,
+Menorca, Ibiza, and Sardinia. With Frontispiece in Colour and 32
+Illustrations in black and white. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net.
+
+=Fyfe, H. C.=
+
+-- Submarine Warfare: Past, Present, and Future. Illustrated. Second
+Edition. Revised by John Leyland. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+=Galsworthy, John.=
+
+-- A Commentary. 3s. 6d.
+
+=Garvey, Ina.=
+
+-- A Comedy of Mammon. 6s.
+
+=Gibbs, Philip.=
+
+-- The Individualist. 6s.
+
+=Godfrey, Elizabeth.=
+
+-- Heidelberg: Its Princes and Its Palaces. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth
+gilt. 12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Godfrey-Faussett, Mabel.=
+
+-- The Dual Heritage. 6s.
+
+=GRANT RICHARDS'S NURSERY LIBRARY.=
+      I. Peter Pixie. By A. Thorburn. Illustrated. Fcap. 16mo. Cloth.
+          1s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Gretton, R. H.=
+
+-- Ingram. 6s.
+
+=Grimm.=
+
+-- Grimm's Fairy Tales. Selected and retold by Githa Sowerby. With twelve
+Illustrations in Colour, and many in black and white, by Millicent
+Sowerby. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net.
+
+=Hamilton, Clayton.=
+
+-- The Theory of the Theatre. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net.
+
+-- Materials and Methods of Fiction. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+=Hart, George Henry.=--_See under_ Temple of Fame Series.
+
+=Hart, W. C.=
+
+-- Confessions of an Anarchist. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d.
+net. Cheap Edition, cloth, 1s. net.
+
+=Hawker, C. E.=
+
+-- Chats about Wine. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Henland, Cecil.=
+
+-- The Christmas Book: Lest We Forget. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. Cloth, 1s. net.
+Leather, 2s. net.
+
+=Henshall, James A.=
+
+-- Favourite Fish and Fishing. With 37 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. Cloth.
+3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Her Brother's Letters.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Hodder, Reginald.= _See under_ Turner, Edgar.
+
+=Housman, A. E.=
+
+-- D. Junii Juvenalis Saturae. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net.
+
+-- M. Manilii Astronomicon I. Demy 8vo. Paper boards. 4s. 6d. net.
+
+-- A Shropshire Lad. New edition. With 8 Illustrations in Colour by
+William Hyde. Large post 8vo. Buckram gilt, 6s. net. Persian yapp, gilt,
+7s. 6d. net. Limited Edition on Arnold hand-made paper. Fcap. 8vo. cloth
+gilt, 2s. 6d. net. Also in royal 32mo. Persian yapp, 1s. 6d. net.
+Leather, 1s. net. Cloth, 6d. net.
+
+=Howden, J. R.=
+
+-- The Boys' Book of Railways. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s.
+
+-- The Boys' Book of Steamships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s.
+[_Second Edition._
+
+-- The Boys' Book of Locomotives. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s.
+[_Second Edition._
+
+-- The Boys' Book of Warships. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 6s.
+[_In preparation._
+
+=Hudson, C. B.=
+
+-- The Crimson Conquest. 6s.
+
+=Hume, Major Martin.=
+
+-- Queens of Old Spain. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 15s. net.
+
+-- Through Portugal. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Ibsen.= _See under_ Macfall, Haldane.
+
+=Irving, Washington.=
+
+-- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. With illustrations in colour by Arthur I.
+Keller. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net.
+
+=Jackson, Holbrook.=
+
+-- Romance and Reality: Essays and Studies. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d.
+net.
+
+-- Bernard Shaw. Illustrated. Small crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net. Cheap
+edition, crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net.
+
+-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame Series.
+
+=Jarrott, Charles.=
+
+-- Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth
+gilt. 12s. 6d. net.
+
+=Job, Herbert R.=
+
+-- The Sport of Bird Study. Illustrated. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d.
+net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Jones, P. F.=
+
+-- Shamrock Land. With 48 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d.
+net.
+
+=Jones, Stuart H.=--_See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical Guides.
+
+=Kephart, Horace.=
+
+-- The Book of Camping and Woodcraft. Illustrated. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt.
+4s. net.
+
+=Kerr, Joe.=
+
+-- Mister Sharptooth. Illustrated in colour by R. H. Porteus. Crown 4to.
+Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+='Kottabos.'=
+
+-- Echoes from Kottabos. Edited by R. Y. Tyrell, Litt.D., LL.D., and Sir
+Edward Sullivan, Bart. Pott 4to. Half buckram gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out
+of print._
+
+=Lawton, Frederick.=
+
+-- The Third French Republic. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._
+6_d._ net.
+
+-- Balzac. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12_s._ 6_d._ net.
+
+-- _See also under_ Cain, Georges, and Masters of Art Series.
+
+=Lawton, Lancelot.=
+
+-- Empires of the Far East: A Study of Japan and its Possessions, of
+China, Manchuria, and Korea, and of the Political Questions of Eastern
+Asia and the Pacific. Two volumes. Demy 8vo. cloth gilt, with Maps.
+24_s._ net. [_In preparation._
+
+-- The Japanese Spy. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+
+=Leblanc, Maurice.=
+
+-- Arsene Lupin versus Holmlock Shears. Translated by A. Teixeira de
+Mattos. 6_s._
+
+=Lee, Gerald Stanley.=
+
+-- Inspired Millionaires: A Story of the Professional Point of View in
+Business. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Lee, Vernon.=--_See under_ Omar Series, The.
+
+=Lefevre, Felicite.=
+
+-- The Cock, the Mouse, and the Little Red Hen. With 24 full-page
+pictures in colour by Tony Sarg. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net.
+[_Out of print._
+
+=Le Gallienne, Richard.=
+
+-- Omar Repentant. Fcap. 8vo. oblong. 2s. net.
+
+=Level, Maurice.=
+
+-- The Grip of Fear. 6s.
+
+=Leverson, Ada.=
+
+-- The Limit. With frontispiece in colour. 6s. [_Second Edition._
+
+-- Love's Shadow. With frontispiece in Colour. 6s.
+
+-- The Twelfth Hour. With Frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+[_Second Edition._
+
+=Longfellow.=
+
+-- The Courtship of Miles Standish. Illustrated in colours by H. C.
+Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+-- Evangeline. Illustrated in colours by H. C. Christy. Fcap. 4to. Cloth
+gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+-- Hiawatha. With sixty-eight pictures in colour and in black-and-white
+by Harrison Fisher. Fcap. 4to. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+=McCormick, Frederick.=
+
+-- The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. With reproductions of drawings
+by the author, photographs, and maps. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. Cloth
+gilt. 21s. net.
+
+=McCutcheon, G. B.=
+
+-- Jane Cable. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+-- Nedra. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+=Macfall, Haldane.=
+
+-- Ibsen: His Life, Art, and Significance. Illustrated by Joseph Simpson.
+Imperial 16mo. 5s. net.
+
+=Machen, Arthur.=
+
+-- The Hill of Dreams. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s.
+
+-- The House of Souls. With frontispiece by S. H. Sime. 6s.
+
+=McLaren, Lady.=
+
+-- The Women's Charter of Rights and Liberties. Crown 8vo. Paper covers.
+6d. net.
+
+=Malcolm, Ian.=
+
+-- Indian Pictures and Problems. Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s.
+6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Masefield, John.=
+
+-- Multitude and Solitude. 6s.
+
+-- Captain Margaret. 6s.
+
+-- A Tarpaulin Muster. 3s. 6d. [_Out of print._
+
+-- The Tragedy of Nan, &c. Large post 8vo. Paper boards. 3s. 6d. net.
+Cheap Edition. Fcap. 8vo. sewed, 1s. 6d. net. [_Second Edition._
+
+-- _See also under_ Dampier, Captain William.
+
+=Mauzens, Frederic.=
+
+-- The Living Strong Box. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+=Mason, Stuart.= _See under_ Wilde, Oscar.
+
+=Maxwell, Gerald.=
+
+-- The Miracle Worker. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+[_Out of print._
+
+=Meredith, George.= _See under_ Hammerton, J. A.
+
+=Moore, R. Hudson.=
+
+-- Children of Other Days. Illustrated. Crown 4to. Cloth. 4s. 6d. net.
+[_Out of print._
+
+=Murray, Kate.=
+
+-- The Blue Star. 6s.
+
+=MASTERS OF ART SERIES.= Illustrated. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3_s._
+6_d._ net. Lambskin gilt, each 3s. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net.
+        I. G. F. Watts: A Biography and an Estimate. By J. E. Phythian.
+          [_Third Edition._
+       II. Rodin. By Fredk. Lawton.
+      III. Burne-Jones. By J. E. Phythian.
+       IV. Rossetti. By Frank Rutter.
+        V. Turner. By J. E. Phythian.
+       VI. Whistler. By Frank Rutter.
+
+=Montaigne, Michael Lord of.= _See under_ Elizabethan Classics,
+The.
+
+=Napoleon.=
+
+-- The Corsican: A Diary of Napoleon's Life in his own Words. Large post
+8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+=Oldmeadow, Ernest.=
+
+-- Portugal. With 32 illustrations. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 10s. 6d. net.
+[_In preparation._
+
+-- Day. With frontispiece in colour. 6s.
+
+-- Antonio. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+
+-- Aunt Maud. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+
+-- The Scoundrel. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.
+
+-- Susan. With frontispiece in colour by Frank Haviland. 6s.--Cheap
+Edition. Crown 8vo. sewed, 1s. net. [_Fourth Edition._
+
+-- The North Sea Bubble: A Fantasia. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+-- _See also under_ Temple of Fame, The.
+
+=Olmsted, Millicent.=
+
+-- The Land of Never Was. With 12 illustrations in colour. Fcap. 4to.
+Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=OMAR SERIES, THE.=--Royal 32mo. persian yapp gilt, each 1s. 6d. net;
+leather gilt, 1s. net; cloth gilt, 6d. net.
+
+-- The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.
+
+-- A Shropshire Lad. By A. E. Housman.
+
+-- Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti.
+
+-- The Song of Songs.
+
+-- Sister Benvenuta and the Christ Child. By Vernon Lee.
+
+-- English Nature Poems: An Anthology.
+
+-- In Memoriam. By Alfred Lord Tennyson.
+
+-- Love Poems of Herrick: A Selection.
+
+-- Everyman. A Morality Play. [_In preparation._
+
+=Phythian, J. E.=
+
+-- Fifty Years of Modern Painting: Corot to Sargent. Illustrated. Crown
+8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+-- _See also under_ Masters of Art Series.
+
+=Purdie, Mrs.=
+
+-- Letters from a Grandmother. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 2s.
+6d.
+
+=Ravenhill, Alice, and Catherine J. Schiff.=
+
+-- Household Administration: its Place in the Higher Education of Women.
+Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+='Rector and the Rubrics, The.'= By the Author of 'When it was Light.'
+Crown 8vo. Cloth. 1s. 6d. net. Sewed, 1s. net.
+
+=Richards, Herbert, M.A.=
+
+-- Platonica. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net.
+
+-- Aristophanes and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 7s. net.
+
+-- Notes on Xenophon and Others. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net.
+
+=Richardson, Frank.=
+
+-- Love, and Extras. 6s.
+
+=Russell, Charles Edward.=
+
+-- Thomas Chatterton: The Story of a Strange Life, 1752-1770.
+Illustrated. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net.
+
+=Russell, G. W. E.=
+
+-- A Pocketful of Sixpences: A Collection of Essays and Reminiscences.
+Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+-- Seeing and Hearing. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 7s. 6d. net. [_Out of
+print._
+
+-- Some Threepenny Bits. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s. 6d. net. [_Out of
+print._
+
+=Rutter, Frank.=
+
+-- _See under_ Masters of Art Series.
+
+=Saleeby, C. W., M.D.=
+
+-- Health, Strength and Happiness: a Book of Practical Advice. Crown 8vo.
+Cloth. 6s. net.
+
+=Scarfoglio, Antonio.=
+
+-- Round the World in a Motor-car. With over 70 illustrations. Demy 8vo.
+Cloth gilt 15s. net.
+
+=Schiff, Catherine J.= _See under_ Ravenhill, Alice.
+
+=Scott, A. MacCallum.=
+
+-- Through Finland to St. Petersburg. Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 2s.
+6d. net.
+
+=Scott, John Reed.=
+
+-- Beatrix of Clare. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+-- The Colonel of the Red Huzzars. Illustrated. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+=Scott, Sir Walter.=
+
+-- Sir Walter Scott. Letters Written by Members of his Family to an Old
+Governess. With an Introduction and Notes by the Warden of Wadham
+College. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 5s. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Seccombe, Thomas.=
+
+-- _See under_ Elizabethan Classics, The.
+
+=Sedgwick, S. N.=
+
+-- The Last Persecution. 6s.
+
+=Shaw, Bernard.= _See under_ Jackson, Holbrook.
+
+=Shelley, H. C.=
+
+-- Literary By-paths of Old England. Illustrated. Royal 8vo. Cloth gilt.
+12s. 6d. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Smith, Miriam.=
+
+-- Poems. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Sickert, Robert.=
+
+-- The Bird in Song. With Frontispiece. Pott 8vo. Persian yapp, 3s. 6d.
+net. Lambskin, gilt, 3s. 6d. net. Cloth gilt, 2s. net.
+
+=Smith, Wellen.=
+
+-- Psyche and Soma: A Drama. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Sowerby, Githa and Millicent.=
+
+-- _See under_ Grimm's Fairy Tales.
+
+=Sterling, Mary B.=
+
+-- The Story of Sir Galahad. With 7 illustrations in colour by W. E.
+Chapman. Pott 4to. Cloth. 5s. net.
+
+=Stone, John.=
+
+-- Great Kleopatra: A Tragedy in Three Acts. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 3s.
+6d. net.
+
+=Stonham, Charles, C.M.G., F.R.C.S.=
+
+-- The Birds of the British Islands. With over 300 Photogravures by L. M.
+Medland, F.Z.S. Complete in twenty parts. Royal 4to. 7s. 6d. net each.
+Five volumes: Buckram gilt, 36s. net each. Half vellum, gilt, 42s. net
+each. Half seal, gilt, 45s. net each.
+
+=Swan, Mark E.=
+
+-- Top o' the World. With 6 illustrations in colour and many in black and
+white by Hy. Mayer. Pott 4to. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=TEMPLE OF FAME, THE.= Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. Each 3s. 6d.
+net.
+        I. Great Musicians. By Ernest Oldmeadow.
+       II. Great English Poets. By Julian Hill.
+      III. Great English Novelists. By Holbrook Jackson.
+       IV. Great English Painters. By Francis Downman.
+        V. Great Soldiers. By George Henry Hart.
+
+=Thomas, Edward.=
+
+-- The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air. With End-papers
+in Colour by William Hyde. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp,
+in box, 5s. net.
+
+=Thomas, Rose Haig.=
+
+-- The Doll's Diary. With 24 illustrations by John Hassall. Crown 4to.
+5s. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Thorburn, A.=
+
+-- _See under_ Grant Richards's Nursery Library.
+
+=Thorne, Guy.= _See under_ Duncan, Stanley.
+
+=Troly-Curtin, Marthe.=
+
+-- Phrynette and London. 6s. [_Third Edition._
+
+=Troubetskoy, Prince Pierre.=
+
+-- The Passer-By. 6s.
+
+=Tweedale, Rev. C. L.=
+
+-- Man's Survival after Death. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net.
+
+=Tyler, Royall.=
+
+-- Spain: A Study of her Life and Arts. With 130 Illustrations in
+half-tone. Demy 8vo. Cloth gilt. 12s. 6d. net [_Out of print._
+
+=Trafford-Taunton, Winefride.=
+
+-- Igdrasil 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+=Turner, Edgar, and Reginald Hodder.=
+
+-- The Armada Gold. 6s.
+
+=Vance, Louis J.=
+
+-- The Bronze Bell. 6s.
+
+-- The Black Bag. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+-- The Brass Bowl. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+-- The Private War. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+-- Terence O'Rourke. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+-- The Pool of Flame. 6s.
+
+-- Marrying Money. 6s.
+
+=VENETIAN SERIES, THE.= Crown 16mo. Bound in cloth or in Venetian paper.
+6d. net each.
+        I. A Cypress Grove. By William Drummond of Hawthornden.
+       II. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. By William Blake.
+      III. The Ancient Mariner. By Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
+
+=Verne, Jules.=
+
+-- The Chase of the Golden Meteor. Fully Illustrated. Crown 8vo. Cloth.
+5s.
+
+=Waistcoat Pocket Guides, The= With Plans. Royal 64mo. Limp Cloth. 1s. 6d.
+net.
+
+I. Paris. By Leonard Williams.
+
+=Waters, W. G.=
+
+-- Traveller's Joy: An Anthology. With End-papers in colour by William
+Hyde. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp, in box, 5s. net. [_Second
+Edition._
+
+=Webb, Wilfred Mark.=
+
+-- The Heritage of Dress: Being Notes on the History and Evolution of
+Clothes. With over 150 Illustrations by W. J. Webb. Medium 8vo. Cloth
+gilt. 15s. net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Weitenkampf, Frank.=
+
+-- How to Appreciate Prints. Illustrated. Large post 8vo. Cloth. 7s. 6d.
+net. [_Out of print._
+
+=Williamson, G. C.= _See under_ Allen, Grant, Historical
+Guides.
+
+=Withers, Percy, M.B., B.S.=
+
+-- Egypt of Yesterday and To-day. With 32 Reproductions from Photographs.
+Crown 8vo. Cloth. 6s. net.
+
+-- A Garland of Childhood. Fcap. 8vo. Cloth gilt, 4s. net. Persian yapp,
+in box, 5s. net.
+
+=White, W. Holt.=
+
+-- The Earthquake: A Romance of London. 6s. Cheap Edition, crown 8vo.
+sewed, 1s. net.
+
+=Whitelock, W. Wallace.=
+
+-- When Kings go Forth to Battle. Illustrated. 6s.
+
+=Williams, E. Baumer.=
+
+-- England's Story for Children. With Illustrations in Colour and
+Black-and-White by Norman Ault. Crown 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d. net.
+
+=Williams, Leonard.= _See under_ Waistcoat Pocket Guides.
+
+=Wilson, W. Lawler.=
+
+-- The Menace of Socialism. With Maps. Crown 8vo. 6s. net.
+
+=Wood, Montagu.=
+
+-- A Tangled I. 6s.
+
+=Wright, W. P.=
+
+-- The Garden Week by Week throughout the Year. With 100 practical
+illustrations, and many others in colour and in black and white. Large
+post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net. [_Second Edition._
+
+-- The Perfect Garden: How to Keep it Beautiful and Fruitful, with
+Practical Hints on Economical Management and the Culture of all the
+Principal Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables. With six illustrations in
+Colour and many in black and white. Large post 8vo. 6s. net [_Third
+Edition._
+
+-- Popular Garden Flowers. With six illustrations in Colour and many in
+black and white. Large post 8vo. Cloth gilt. 6s. net.
+
+=Wyndham, Horace.=
+
+-- Roses and Rue. 6s.
+
+-- The Flare of the Footlights. Cheap edition, 1s. net.
+
+-- Audrey the Actress. With frontispiece. 6s. [_Out of print._
+
+=Xenophon.= _See under_ Richards, Herbert, M.A.
+
+=Young, Filson.=
+
+-- Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery. Illustrated.
+With a Chapter by the Earl of Dunraven. Two vols. Demy 8vo. Buckram
+gilt. 25s. net. [_Out of print._
+
+-- Venus and Cupid: An Impression in Prose after Velasquez in Colour.
+Edition limited to 339 copies for sale in Great Britain; printed on
+Arnold Hand-made paper, with a Photogravure Reproduction of the Rokeby
+Venus. Crown 4to. 12s. 6d. net. Also 11 copies on Japanese vellum at L2
+2s. net (of which 3 remain).
+
+-- The Sands of Pleasure. With frontispiece in colour by R. J. Pannett.
+6s. Cheap edition, crown 8vo. sewed, with cover design by R. J. Pannett,
+1s. net. [_Seventy-fifth Thousand._
+
+-- When the Tide Turns. 6s. [_Second Edition._
+
+-- The Wagner Stories. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s.
+net. [_Fourth Edition._
+
+-- Mastersingers. New Edition. Revised and Enlarged. With portrait. Large
+post 8vo. Persian yapp or cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- More Mastersingers. With frontispiece. Large post 8vo. Persian yapp or
+cloth gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- Memory Harbour: Essays chiefly in Description. Imperial 16mo. Buckram
+gilt. 5s. net.
+
+-- Ireland at the Cross Roads. New Edition. Crown 8vo. Cloth gilt. 3s.
+6d. net.
+
+-- The Happy Motorist: An Introduction to the Use and Enjoyment of the
+Motor Car. Crown 8vo. Cloth 3s. 6d. net.
+
+-- The Lover's Hours. Fcap. 4to. 2s. 6d. net.
+
+=Young, Rev. William.= _See under_ Baxter, Richard.
+
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF PRICES
+
+
+=L11 5s. net.=
+  The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.) Half seal gilt.
+
+
+=L10 10s. net.=
+  The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Half vellum gilt.
+
+
+=L9 net.=
+  The Birds of the British Islands (Five Vols.). Buckram gilt.
+
+
+=L7 10s. net.=
+  The Birds of the British Islands (in Twenty Parts).
+
+
+=L2 2s. net.=
+  Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens.
+  Venus and Cupid. Jap. Vellum.
+
+
+=L1 11s. 6d. net.=
+  The Essays of Michael Lord of Montaigne. (Three Vols.)
+
+
+=L1 5s. net.=
+  Christopher Columbus (Two Vols.)
+  Voyages of Captain William Dampier (Two Vols.).
+
+
+=L1 4s. net.=
+  Empires of the Far East. (Two Vols.)
+
+
+=L1 1s. net.=
+  Oxford, its Buildings and Gardens.
+  The Tragedy of Russia in Pacific Asia. (Two Vols.)
+
+
+=16s. net.=
+  The Great Pacific Coast.
+  Pekin to Paris.
+
+
+=15s. net.=
+  Round the World in a Motor Car.
+  The Complete Wild-fowler.
+  Queens of Old Spain.
+
+
+=12s. 6d. net.=
+  Mediterranean Moods.
+  Manet and the French Impressionists.
+  The Third French Republic.
+  Balzac.
+  Venus and Cupid.
+  Ten Years of Motors and Motor Racing.
+
+
+=10s. 6d. net.=
+  Evolution in Italian Art.
+  Shamrock Land.
+  Portugal.
+  The Romance of Steel.
+
+
+=7s. 6d. net.=
+  More Rutland Barrington.
+  The Corsican.
+  My Restless Life.
+  A Shropshire Lad (yapp).
+  Thomas Chatterton.
+  Hiawatha.
+  The Saints' Everlasting Rest.
+  Submarine Warfare.
+
+
+=7s. net.=
+  Aristophanes and Others.
+  Platonica.
+
+
+=6s. net.=
+  The Menace of Socialism.
+  Egypt of Yesterday and To-day.
+  Health, Strength, and Happiness.
+  A Shropshire Lad (buckram).
+  Grimm's Fairy Tales.
+  Garden Week by Week.
+  The Book of Georgian Verse.
+  Finn the Wolfhound.
+  Man's Survival after Death.
+  Notes on Xenophon and Others.
+  The Perfect Garden.
+  Popular Garden Flowers.
+
+
+=6s.=
+  Ingram.
+  Day.
+  Love, and Extras.
+  Phrynette and London.
+  Marrying Money.
+  The Doctor's Lass.
+  Adventures of a Nice Young Man.
+  The Children of the Gutter.
+  Easy Money.
+  The Man from the Moon.
+  A Babe Unborn.
+  Get-Rich-Quick Wallingford.
+  Renee.
+  The Upper Hand.
+  The Boys' Book of Airships.
+  The Boys' Book of Railways.
+  The Boys' Book of Steamships.
+  The Boy's Book of Locomotives.
+  The Boys' Book of Warships.
+  The Crimson Conquest.
+  Arsene Lupin versus Holmlock Shears.
+  The Grip of Fear.
+  The Limit.
+  The Living Strong Box.
+  Multitude and Solitude.
+  Antonio.
+  The Last Persecution.
+  The Passer-By.
+  The Bronze Bell.
+  The Cliff End.
+  The Heart Line.
+  The Dual Heritage.
+  The Individualist.
+  The Japanese Spy.
+  Love's Shadow.
+  Captain Margaret.
+  Aunt Maud.
+  Beatrix of Clare.
+  The Armada Gold.
+  The Black Bag.
+  When Kings go forth to Battle.
+  Roses and Rue.
+  When the Tide Turns.
+  The Scoundrel.
+  The Unpardonable Sin.
+  The Genteel A. B.
+  The Brass Bowl.
+  The Sands of Pleasure.
+  Susan.
+  The Message.
+  The Twelfth Hour.
+  The Hill of Dreams.
+  The House of Souls.
+  The Blue Star.
+  The Miracle Worker.
+  The Private War.
+  The Broken Law.
+  The Earthquake.
+  Parson Brand.
+  The Same Clay.
+  The Pool of Flame.
+  The Black Motor Car.
+  A Tangled I.
+  In Pastures New.
+  The Butcher of Bruton Street.
+  A Comedy of Mammon.
+
+
+=5s. net.=
+  More Mastersingers.
+  The Last Episode of the French Revolution.
+  The Theory of the Theatre.
+  Household Administration.
+  A Garland of Childhood.
+  AEsop's Fables.
+  The Riddle of Personality.
+  Cawein's New Poems.
+  Fleet Street and other Poems.
+  Materials and Methods of Fiction.
+  The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
+  The Story of Sir Galahad.
+  Memory Harbour.
+  The Call of the Sea (persian yapp).
+  Bernard Shaw.
+  The Wagner Stories (leather and cloth).
+  Mastersingers (leather and cloth).
+  The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (persian yapp).
+  Traveller's Joy (persian yapp.)
+  Mammon and his Message.
+  The Triumph of Mammon.
+  The Theatrocrat.
+  Essays in Socialism.
+  Ibsen.
+  The Gourmet's Guide to Europe.
+
+
+=5s.=
+  The Sunken Submarine.
+  The Chase of the Golden Meteor.
+
+
+=4s. 6d. net.=
+  D. Junii Juvenalis Saturae.
+  M. Manilii Astronomicon I.
+
+
+=4s. net.=
+  The Book of Camping and Woodcraft.
+  The Call of the Sea (cloth).
+  The Pocket Book of Poems and Songs for the Open Air (cloth).
+  Traveller's Joy (cloth).
+
+
+=3s. 6d. net.=
+  Great Kleopatra.
+  Romance and Reality.
+  An Imperial Commonwealth.
+  Inspired Millionaires.
+  Fifty Years of Modern Painting.
+  Apollonius of Tyana.
+  The Validity of English Ordinations.
+  Jack the Giant Killer, Junior.
+  Testament of John Davidson.
+  Favourite Fish and Fishing.
+  The Tragedy of Nan.
+  The Land of Never Was.
+  Top o' the World.
+  England's Story for Children.
+  Great Musicians.
+  Great English Poets.
+  Great English Novelists.
+  Great English Painters.
+  Great Soldiers.
+  Her Brother's Letters.
+  Ireland at the Cross Roads.
+  Grant Allen's Historical Guides.
+  Holiday and Other Poems.
+  The Happy Motorist.
+  The Canker at the Heart.
+  Psyche and Soma.
+  A Night of Wonders.
+  The Bird in Song (leather).
+
+
+=3s. 6d.=
+  A Commentary.
+  The Woman Who Did.
+
+
+=3s. net.=
+  Burne-Jones (leather).
+  Rodin (leather).
+  G. F. Watts (leather).
+  Rossetti (leather).
+  Turner (leather).
+  Whistler (leather).
+  Religio Medici (leather).
+
+
+=2s. 6d. net.=
+  The Nation and the Army.
+  The Agamemnon of AEschylus.
+  Mister Sharptooth.
+  Consule Planco.
+  Poems by Miriam Smith.
+  Through Finland.
+  The Lover's Hours.
+  The Chapbooks (leather).
+  Through Portugal.
+  The Defenceless Islands.
+  Confessions of an Anarchist.
+  A Shropshire Lad (hand-made paper).
+  The Future Prime Minister.
+  Chats about Wine.
+
+
+=2s. 6d.=
+  Letters from a Grandmother.
+
+
+=2s. net.=
+  Powder and Jam.
+  Omar Repentant.
+  Burne-Jones (cloth).
+  Rodin (cloth).
+  G. F. Watts (cloth).
+  Rossetti (cloth).
+  Turner (cloth).
+  Whistler (cloth).
+  The Bird in Song (cloth).
+  The Christmas Book (leather).
+  Religio Medici (cloth).
+
+
+=1s. 6d. net.=
+  The Tragedy of Nan (sewed).
+  Waistcoat Pocket Guides.
+  The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Persian yapp).
+  Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (Persian yapp).
+  The Song of Songs (persian yapp).
+  Sister Benvenuta (persian yapp).
+  A Shropshire Lad (persian yapp).
+  English Nature Poems (persian yapp).
+  In Memoriam (persian yapp).
+  Love Poems of Herrick (persian yapp).
+  Everyman (persian yapp).
+
+
+=1s. net.=
+  The Unpardonable Sin.
+  Confessions of an Anarchist.
+  Susan (sewed).
+  Flare of the Footlights (sewed).
+  The Sands of Pleasure (sewed).
+  The Same Clay (sewed).
+  Business Success (cloth).
+  The Message (sewed).
+  Bernard Shaw (sewed).
+  The Rector and the Rubrics.
+  The Earthquake (sewed).
+  Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (leather).
+  Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (leather).
+  The Song of Songs (leather).
+  Sister Benvenuta (leather).
+  A Shropshire Lad (leather).
+  English Nature Poems (leather).
+  In Memoriam (leather).
+  Love Poems of Herrick (leather).
+  Everyman (leather).
+  The Christmas Book (cloth).
+
+
+=6d. net.=
+  Business Success (sewed).
+  Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (cloth).
+  The Song of Songs (cloth).
+  The Early Poems of D. G. Rossetti (cloth).
+  Sister Benvenuta (cloth).
+  A Shropshire Lad (cloth).
+  English Nature Poems (cloth).
+  In Memoriam (cloth).
+  Love Poems of Herrick (cloth).
+  Everyman (cloth).
+  The Venetian Series.
+  The Woman's Charter of Rights and Liberties.
+
+
+=6d.=
+  Essays in Socialism.
+
+
+_London: Strangeways, Printers._
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Titanic, by Filson Young
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