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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/32286-8.txt b/32286-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70eb080 --- /dev/null +++ b/32286-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,859 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie, by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie + Relating to His Conduct in the Mediterranean, and His + Defence of Admiral Byng + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: May 7, 2010 [EBook #32286] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + A LETTER TO + Lord ROBERT BERTIE. + + + [Price One Shilling.] + + + + + A LETTER TO + Lord ROBERT BERTIE, + Relating to his + CONDUCT in the Mediterranean, + AND HIS + DEFENCE of Admiral BYNG. + + + Hic unde vitam sumeret inscius + Pacem duello miscuit. O pudor! + O magna Carthago! probrosis + Altior Italiæ ruinis! + + HOR. + + + LONDON: + Printed for R. GRIFFITHS, in Pater-noster + Row. MDCCLVII. + + + + +A LETTER TO Lord ROBERT BERTIE. + + +MY LORD, + +Characters like your's, are regarded with impartial Attention by human +Society, and the World will impatiently expect something in your Conduct +suitable to your Rank and Dignity. Those who are intrusted with the +Charter of our Liberties, or the Revenge of our Wrongs, are laid under the +strongest Obligations which Honour or Gratitude can impose, to maintain +the Rights and execute the Resentment of their Country; but if they fail +to exert themselves to the utmost for this Purpose, the People, naturally +fretful at their Losses, will not forbear reflecting on the supposed +Authors of their Misfortunes. And when they call to mind that indelible +Disgrace which has befallen them in the _Mediterranean_, it's possible +they may mingle too much Petulance and Severity in their Censures upon +those who were concerned in that unfortunate Expedition. + +I am extremely sorry, my Lord, to find your Name in the Number of those to +whose Misconduct that fatal Defeat is attributed. You have been marked out +by the Indignation of the Publick, and maliciously charged with Principles +the most remote from your Heart, and Designs. No Person, I can assure you, +was more assiduous in vindicating your Fame, than the Author of this +Address; and it was not without the utmost Reluctance, that I ever +suffered myself to entertain any Suspicion of the Wisdom or Activity of +your Conduct: But since you have espoused the Cause of the Admiral, now +under Condemnation, with so much Warmth and Solicitude, I fear your +Sentiments are no longer a Doubt, nor your Behaviour altogether capable of +such an honourable Construction as your Friends could wish. + +I shall therefore take that Liberty which, as one of your Constituents, I +may claim, of canvassing the Merits of that Transaction in which your +Lordship had a considerable Share; and as I shall endeavour to preserve an +inviolable Regard to Truth, without Partiality or Rancour, I hope you will +esteem these Remonstrances as the Observations of a Friend, solicitous for +your Reputation; and not of an Enemy, exulting in your Adversity. These +are the unanimous Sentiments of your Constituents, who think themselves +so far interested in the Fate of their Representative, as to be honoured +by his Glory, and wounded by his Disgrace; who are more publick-spirited +than to justify an unworthy Member, and more generous than to desert a +faithful Officer, tho' the popular Cry be against him.--The principal +Objections against your Lordship's Conduct, on which I shall now freely +animadvert, are the Part you acted in the _Mediterranean_, and the Defence +you have made at home. + +With relation to the first, my Lord, I believe that your Friends and +Enemies both lamented that terrible Oversight in the Administration, which +neglected to prepare so invaluable a Fortress, as _St. Philip_'s, for +every Contingency whatsoever; and, when it was besieged, heartily wished +that that Detachment, which your Lordship commanded, had been stronger for +its Relief. They apprehended that it was not politick, considering the +precarious Events of War, to trust to a small Number, from an ostentatious +Confidence of our Strength, or an ill-judged Frugality, when greater +Forces might have been sent, consistent with our Safety at home. + +But it unfortunately happened, that those few on board were all that +_Gibraltar_ could spare. _Minorca_ was exposed to a furious Storm, the +General was brave, and the Garrison sustained the Attack with undaunted +Resolution. But Valour cannot surmount all Difficulties, Courage cannot +stifle the Demands of Nature, nor the greatest Spirits persevere without +some Relaxation from Hardship and Fatigue: They had to encounter with the +intense Heat of the Climate, and were denied the necessary Refreshment of +Repose. In these Circumstances, what Transports of Pleasure would the +Sight of a _British_ Fleet inspire? How chearfully would they exert all +their remaining Strength, in hopes of being speedily supplied with all the +Necessaries their Distresses required? What noble Efforts must they make, +when they saw a fresh Reinforcement of Men flying as swift as possible to +their Assistance? The smallest Detachment that could have been landed, +attended with Stores and Provisions, would have revived their Courage, +animated their Spirits, and possibly might intirely have defeated the +Designs of our Enemies. What Motives of an opposite Nature could sway with +such weighty Considerations? What Danger could there be in attempting to +land? What Hesitation could there be about the Expediency of it? What +Council, good God! could deliberate a Moment, whether they should help +their Friends, or abandon them to Destruction? The Reasons which were +urged against that Enterprize, were not on account of the Smallness of +the Detachment, but the Danger of entering the Harbour, which would have +been equally conclusive against the most numerous Body, which must have +suffered more from the Fire of their Cannon than a few, and would deter us +from performing any Exploits which are attended with the least Degree of +Danger or Inconvenience. But admitting the Truth of that Assertion you +have frequently maintained, 'That all the Assistance you was capable of +bringing would have been no effectual Relief; and, at best, could but have +protracted the Siege a few Days;' admitting, I say, that the Presence and +Encouragement of so many superior Officers would not have accomplished +that desireable End, yet you would have stood acquitted, and glorious, in +the Eyes of your Country, and of Posterity. The Guilt would have been +confined intirely to those who sent you out in so miserable a Plight: We +should have pitied and applauded the gallant Efforts of that Bravery which +was not crowned with Success; we should have resigned the Place with less +Regret, when it was so dearly bought.--But, alas! we did not put it in the +Power of Fortune to save us: The least Evil was not hazarded; we had not +the Pain of seeing our Friends overcome by a superior Enemy; your Valour +was reserved for a nobler Theatre, and your Eloquence spared for a more +glorious Occasion. + +There is one Circumstance, my Lord, which I shall mention, as it just +occurs to my Mind. If I forget not, it was agreed in Council, that the +Enemy could never neglect planting Cannon on such advantageous Places, as +those two opposite Points which command the Avenue of the Harbour. Now as +you did not approach so near the Place as to be Spectators of any +dreadful Artillery planted to intercept Relief, this Opinion must be +wholly founded on Conjecture; and you had as much Reason to apprehend it +while at _Gibraltar_, as after the 20th of _May_; and if so, would it not +have been more prudent to have staid at _Gibraltar_, than have put your +Men on board a Squadron so imperfectly equipped, destitute of Hospital and +Store-ships, where they could be of no Service, where they must consume +the Provisions of the Fleet, and be liable to the Sickness which attends a +close Confinement? Who could have objected to you the Disobedience of +Orders then, if they acquit you now? How ridiculously must you pretend to +say, that the Commands of Majesty were obeyed, when the least Attempt was +never made to land the Reinforcements at that Place where it was only in +their Power to be of any Service? I defy all History to produce any +Instance when the Orders of a Sovereign, and the Possessions of a Kingdom, +were ever so infamously disregarded, under the Sanction of a Council! + +I have nothing, at present, to say concerning the Engagement betwixt the +two Admirals, as your Lordship's Fame was not interested in the Event; and +whatever Benefit the Squadron might be supposed to receive from the +Continuance of your Regiment on board, I presume you will not ascribe to +them the Merit of having defeated the Enemy. The principal Figure you had +the Honour to make, was in the decisive Resolution, agreed upon in +Council, of returning to _Gibraltar_. I don't suppose your Lordship was +more forward in promoting that Determination, than any of those that +composed that honourable Body. As to the Losses and Situation of the +Fleet, I don't doubt but they might be represented to you in such a Light, +that it might appear wise and necessary to repair to _Gibraltar_ to +refit, before you ventured upon another Engagement; but how any other +Reasons could impose upon your Judgment to consent to so infamous a +Retreat, I cannot conceive; and am amazed and confounded when I think of +it.--Could it ever seriously be urged, that the _French_ Fleet designed to +escape thro' the _Streights_, in order to join a Squadron from _Brest_, +and so do some terrible Mischief, the Lord knows where?----What +unaccountable Panick could seize you, in behalf of _Gibraltar_? Were not +all their Efforts exerted, all their Armaments drained, all their +Magazines exhausted, to carry on the Siege at _Minorca_?--besides the +Strength they borrowed of the _Genoese_. + +What Alarms could _Gibraltar_ apprehend, unless Ships were to rise from +the Deep, or an Army drop from the Skies?----Whatever they might boast of +the Strength and Cleanness of their Fleet, they must have sustained some +Damage in the Engagement: They must be weakened and disabled by the brisk +Firing of Mr. _West_'s Division; not to mention the immense Quantity of +Powder and Ball discharged from the _Ramillies_, which surely could not be +expended in vain.--Yet, notwithstanding these Reasons, it appeared more +eligible to you to retire, than to answer the Design of your Expedition. + +I would not be understood to reflect on the Valour of those Officers who +embarked along with you; and you might think it a Deference due to them to +acquiesce in their Sentiments.--But yet, my Lord, had you considered, with +due Attention, the Distresses of the Place--the Certainty of its falling +into the Hands of the _French_, if not relieved--the grand Purpose for +which you was sent--and the Censures to which you would stand peculiarly +exposed, as Commander of the Regiment on board----I am persuaded you +would have been the first for landing the Reinforcement, and have +indignantly rejected a Proposal for abandoning a Fortress so valuable, +unassisted, unrelieved.----Whatever Danger might have attended the +Enterprize, would have redounded to your Glory----and your Neutrality, at +least, would have endeared you to the eternal Esteem of your Friends, and +recommended you to greater Honours than we can confer.----What Pleasure +would it give to those who have the least Connection with you, to find +your Resolution so singularly distinguished, and your Zeal for your +Country so warm, as to surmount every Obstacle, every Difficulty, +attending its Defence! I remember to have read of a great General, whose +Example should be the Model of every Soldier, that having convened a +Council to debate upon some important Enterprize, then in Agitation, and +finding them discontented with his Proposal, he upbraided their Timidity, +gave them Liberty to return, and declared that he would march forward with +his own fifth Legion alone!----His Reproach had a just Effect upon them, +and inspired them with such Shame and Indignation as rekindled their +Courage, and carried them thro' the greatest Difficulties with +uninterrupted Success. + +My Lord, I should not have expostulated with you so freely, had I not been +assured that the intended Reinforcement was practicable, and might have +been successful. History affords many Instances of Garrisons, in Strength +much inferior to _St. Philip_'s, holding out against a more formidable +Enemy; and, whatever Representations may have been given of the romantick +Nature of the Attempt, if I should maintain that your own small Supply +would have been sufficient, I should be justified in the Assertion by the +most unexceptionable Authority. + +There is great Reason to believe, that had the fatal Attack, on the 29th +of _June_, been repulsed from those Forts which were most defenceless, and +most surprized, as it might have been done with a very small Number more, +they never would have renewed it again with equal Fury, or equal +Advantage. And if there be any Weight in this Supposition, if there was +any Prospect of affording the Castle any Relief, we can't help being +astonished that any Danger should induce you to decline the Prosecution of +so glorious an Undertaking.----We cannot applaud the Voice you gave in the +Council, according to our present Apprehensions; and we must continue in +this Opinion, unless you shall vindicate your Conduct, and acquaint us +with those Views that influenced your Lordship's Determination. This a +Piece of Justice which the Honour of your Character requires, and which +your Friends expect. As your Electors, we beseech it; as the Subjects of +an insulted Kingdom, whose Losses are universally felt, we demand it at +your Hands. + +Reflect, my Lord, (for your Country can never forget) what a long +Succescession of dreadful Consequences this Loss must extend to Futurity? +What additional Expences must the Protection of our Trade require, when +thus deprived of its Guardian? What Sums can insure the Return of our +Ships, exposed, as they must constantly be, to the Capture of our Enemies? +What Profit can attend that Commerce, which must always be liable to +irretrievable Losses? What Fleets of Convoys must be engaged for our +Defence, which might otherwise be employed to the Annoyance of the Enemy? +What aggravated Indignities we must receive from the most contemptible +Powers in the _Mediterranean_, who will look upon this Defeat as the +certain Token of the Ruin of our once invincible Navy. + +Whoever considers this sad Concurrence of Misfortunes, and at the same +time the Enormity of the Disgrace we have sustained, will blush to find so +black a Period as this recorded in the Annals of _Great Britain_. Let it +never be remembered, what great and lasting Advantage might have been +reaped from the Defeat of the most rash Invasion that was ever undertaken, +how fatal a Wound we might have given to their Ambition, and what future +Hostilities might have been prevented. May Posterity forgive us for losing +the most glorious Opportunity of gaining a complete and final Triumph over +our Enemies, that Heaven ever gave. May not our Colonies reproach us for +all those Cruelties and Calamities, which this disastrous Event has +contributed to enhance and prolong. + +And now, my Lord, I proceed to the Defence you have made in favour of the +Admiral, when the united Voice of his Country called upon him to answer +for his Conduct: And here you have espoused his Cause with a Solicitude +eager for his Safety, and with a Confidence which the Persuasion of his +Innocence could only create.----You was pleased to express the greatest +Surprize, that the Action on the 20th of _May_ should be so universally +condemned by the Nation; and to prevent your Friends from being carried +down the Tide of popular Clamour, you favoured them with a particular +Account of the Situation, Strength, and Armament of the two Squadrons. You +gave a particular Calculation of the Weight of Metal, the Number of Guns, +and Superiority of Men; from which it appears, that if no Confidence was +to be placed in the Valour and Activity of our Seamen, and the Experience +of our Commanders, we must inevitably lose the Victory.--To confirm this, +the State of our Fleet might be added, which has been so pathetically +represented as weak, destitute, and unprovided with necessary Stores and +Tenders, at a Time, alas! when it ought to have been invincible. Besides, +we have been told of the immense Rate at which our Enemy's Ships failed, +(if we were capable of being bubbled by so palpable an Imposition) which +must necessarily disappoint our most vigorous Efforts in the Chace. + +And yet, notwithstanding these unsurmountable Difficulties, which it was +Mr. _Byng_'s peculiar Misfortune to encounter with, your Friends cannot +cease to believe, with the most exquisite Concern and Regret, that it was +in our Power to have destroyed their boasted Squadron, and abundantly +revenged their Invasion of _Minorca_. + +What Instance can be produced in our naval Records, where so small a +Difference in Strength was ever urged to vindicate a timorous Action, or +justify a hasty Retreat. There has been a time when our Captains, so far +from being terrified with a formidable Enemy, have exulted in their +Superiority--improved it to their own greater Glory, and envied no Success +but what has been obtained by unequal Numbers.--Vigilance and Resolution +will succeed against the strongest Force. Fortune may hold the Ballance of +War; but Bravery turns the Scale. + +If any thing could embitter the Remembrance of our late Misfortunes, it +must be those Circumstances that have suspended the Fate of the Author of +them so long, contrary to the united Demands of the Kingdom. We are not so +barbarously impatient for Justice, as to deny an equitable Trial to the +worst of Criminals; but we cannot see why the Satisfaction of an injured +People should be delayed; and we can never be too jealous of that Power +which enables us to arraign the greatest Crimes, and condemn the most +capital Offenders. And, with relation to the present Case, nothing but the +most scrupulous Mercy could have deliberated on the Execution of his +Sentence so long. The Fury of the People was subsided. All the Weapons, +which Falshood and Calumny could invent, to transfer the Odium of this +Transaction to a higher Cause. His Situation was considered with all the +Allowance that Candour could make: His Judges entered upon his Trial free +from all Prejudice and Passion, and every Witness that was desired was +granted. So that all Complaints of ill Usage and Injustice are urged +without the least Shadow of Foundation; and there is not the least Reason +to pretend that he falls a Sacrifice to the Resentment of a private +Party.--If he has the Sanction of Authority to produce, let his Commission +be shewn, and the Mystery of the whole Combination be unfolded: But if no +Associates should be found, if the original Springs of our Mischiefs +should be inaccessible, we do know the Instruments of them, and whether +Bribery or Disaffection, or Cowardice or Negligence, has principally +prevailed.--We know what we ought to have done, and need not be reminded +what we have lost. We are sensible _who reflected Disgrace upon his +Majesty's Flag, abandoned his gallant Countrymen, and infamously retreated +to_ Gibraltar, _while our Enemies were seizing an undefended Garrison, and +triumphing in those Seas which never acknowledged any but a_ British +_Sovereign before_. When we repose such an important Trust in the Hands of +a Commander, the least Neglect in the Discharge of it is a Crime of the +most aggravated Nature. What can make us a Recompence for what we have +lost? not all the Spoils of Plunder, nor the Profits of illicit Trade. The +Forfeiture of that immense Fortune he has accumulated would be no Amends; +and the Sacrifice of that Life he did not rashly expose to Danger, would +be too small an Atonement of our Wrongs. Did we not hone so memorable an +Example would do Justice to our Name, and prevent the same sad Misconduct +from ever being transacted any more. + +If there be any Weight in these Observations, Mr. _Byng_ has been treated +with no cruel Severity to which he was not intitled; and whoever exert +themselves as Patrons and Defenders of his Cause, cannot hope to be exempt +from the unsparing Censures of the Publick.--Your Lordship's Evidence has +not been the least remarkable: You have befriended him in open Court; and +in private Conversation you have not scrupled to express your favourable +Opinion of his Conduct, in Opposition to the general Belief of his +Country.--Whatever Principles you may have declared in the latter Case, I +shall not charge you with; but your Depositions, as an Evidence, are +subject to every one's Examination; and these, I presume, are far from +making his Character appear in a more agreeable Point of View than it was +placed in before. If your Lordship could have discovered one Reason why +Mr. _Byng_'s Ship was prevented from bearing down upon the Enemy with all +Expedition; why he was kept back so long, that one of our own Ships, which +did not sail so well as the _Ramillies_, was able to get betwixt him and +the Enemy, and was in great Danger therefore of receiving her Fire--you +would have alledged an Argument in his Defence more material and +important, than a thousand Encomiums on his Calmness and Presence of Mind. +Facts are the only solid Tests of Truth, and the only Proofs which are +liable to no Ambiguity: And if we appeal to these, may we not suppose that +every Contingency that furnished a Pretence for Trifling and Delay, was +gladly embraced.----What Appearance is there of the least Ardour to +engage, or the smallest Attention to improve any favourable Event to his +Advantage? Where was the Spirit of Resolution and Enterprize worthy of a +_British_ Commander? What Losses did he receive, but that of a +Timber-head? What Danger could he apprehend, when the Enemy's Fire did not +reach a Ship in his Division much nearer than himself?----Where was the +Heroism of delivering his Orders without Terror or Confusion, while he was +situated at so harmless a Distance? If this can proceed from Neglect, it +may cost us more than _Minorca_----our Navy and Kingdom too. And what can +Cowardice or Disaffection do more?----The most friendly and partial +Evidences do him no Honour, and represent him, at best, but as an +inactive, inglorious Spectator, indifferent to Victory, rather than as a +vigorous Commander, whose Country's Reputation, as well as his own, was +immediately interested in the Event. And if the unexceptionable +Attestations of the rest have any Authority with them, we cannot be at a +Loss to whom we shall ascribe the Defeat of that fatal Expedition; and we +cannot but think a Solicitude to defend a Conduct so undeniably culpable, +will deserve Part of the Ignominy which attends it. Your Friends, fearful +of pronouncing too hasty a Sentence, rejected a great many Reports which +enhanced the Guilt of this Action, and waved their Opinion till the most +material Circumstances were confirmed by the Court-Martial. + +They are sensible of the Difficulty of forming a just Judgment upon an +Engagement, which requires such extensive Skill, and so minute an +Attention, to be free from all Exception: Yet when they see a Ship of the +first Note, for sailing, scandalously loitering in the Rear, without any +just Impediment, while the rest were sustaining unequal Fire, with not one +Man wounded or killed during the whole Time, though all the Evidences +were unanimous in commending the Admiral, we could not help condemning it +as defective; and while this is the Case, we cannot approve of your +endeavouring to obstruct or mitigate the Punishment such Misbehaviour +deserves. These Remonstrances are not the Dictates of Passion and Malice; +but of a Desire for the impartial unbiassed Administration of Justice. The +Honour of every brave Man is dear, as the Actions of every Coward are +odious, to his Country.----It is incumbent on your Lordship to remove all +Suspicions of Partiality from the Minds of your Friends, that your Memory +may not be transmitted to Posterity in Connection with that Name, which +they will have as much Reason to detest as their Ancestors had to admire. + +When the necessary Rigor of the military Oeconomy is relaxed by an +unbounded Indulgence to superior Officers, when supreme Orders are +stripped of all their Meaning and Force, by the arbitrary Construction of +those to whom they are directed, when the greatest Offenders, relying upon +their affluent Fortunes and almighty Influence, shall be able to resist +the united Demands of a whole People, crying for Vengeance, we can never +be astonished at the Consequences which will follow. The Restraint of +publick Awe will be removed, popular Displeasure despised, and our +invaluable Possessions will be sacrificed to Indolence, Timidity, or +private Revenge.--That this was our Case we had but too much Reason to +apprehend, when such uncommon Circumstances of Delay protracted the +Execution of a late Sentence so long. At last we find that neither +Artifice nor Intreaty, Interest nor Power, can wrest from us that Victim +to Justice which our Misfortunes require of us.----Whether we are to look +upon any hidden Mover in this dark Labyrinth as antecedently guilty or no, +we refer to the Deliberations of Parliament; and, waving all Assertions +and Murmurs not sufficiently supported, shall acquiesce in the Result of +their impartial Enquiries. + +My Lord, you cannot do greater Justice to yourself, or Favour to your +Friends, than by promoting, to the utmost of your Power, that Scrutiny we +have recommended to you, that the Causes of our Disasters may no longer +be concealed, nor their Authors escape with Impunity: May future +Discoveries reflect an agreeable Light upon your Conduct, and restore you +to that Esteem you once deservedly possessed. If these Reasonings are not +founded on so exact a Knowledge of the inaccessible Situation of _St. +Philip_'s, or so accurate a Calculation of the Force of the two Squadrons +as your Lordship obtained, we may expect you will confute them by an open +Vindicacation; for Silence and Contempt will only confirm them. + +It would be malignantly partial to have directed the popular Clamour +against you, had not you invited this Address by the Talk you voluntarily +undertook, in which you have advanced so little material, that the Admiral +was indebted more to the Generosity of your Friendship than the Merit of +your Evidence. + +To draw this Letter to a Conclusion; when the Actions of any Officer are +not called to publick Account, it creates a strong and probable +Presumption in his Defence: But there is a secret Judge in every human +Breast, by which a brave Man would always wish to be approved. Honour +erects a more equitable Tribunal; and its Decrees are irreversable. To +stand acquitted there, it is necessary that every Prejudice and Exception, +which tend to diminish the Fame of any Exploit, be cleared up and removed. + +Those which lie against your Lordship are here faithfully related, without +any groundless Aspersions or malicious Conjectures.--But it is too +painful to dwell on this critical Subject any longer; may the Review of +past Misfortunes animate us to a more vigorous Execution of future +Measures. Our Enemies have longed triumphed in their perfidious Spoils, +and reaped the Fruit of our Negligence and Misconduct.----The last dear +Prizes are at Stake, our Possessions and our Being in the most critical +Suspence.----Yet, when a wise and uncorrupted Administration sustains the +arduous Offices of Government, when Valour and Integrity conduct our Arms, +when our Commanders are recompensed with their just Deserts,----a brighter +Prospect will dawn upon us; _Britain_ may once more lift up her Head, her +withered Laurels revive, and her Dominion over the Deep be +re-assumed.--That the Infamy of our late Mismanagement may be effaced by +the Steadiness of our Councils, and the Propriety of all our Measures; and +that your Lordship may take an honourable and distinguished Part therein, +is the sincere and ardent Wish of, + + MY LORD, + Your most obedient + Humble Servant. + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + +***** This file should be named 32286-8.txt or 32286-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/2/8/32286/ + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie + Relating to His Conduct in the Mediterranean, and His + Defence of Admiral Byng + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: May 7, 2010 [EBook #32286] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.png" alt="" /></div> +<h4>A</h4> +<h1>LETTER</h1> +<h4>TO</h4> +<h3>Lord <span class="smcap">Robert Bertie</span>.</h3> +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/border.png" alt="" /></div> +<p class="center">[Price One Shilling.]</p> + +<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> +<h4>A</h4> +<h1>LETTER</h1> +<h4>TO</h4> +<h3>Lord <span class="smcap">Robert Bertie</span>,</h3> +<h4>Relating to his</h4> +<h4><span class="smcap">Conduct</span> in the Mediterranean,</h4> +<h4>AND HIS</h4> +<h3><span class="smcap">Defence</span> of Admiral BYNG.</h3> +<p> </p> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="quote"> +<tr><td>Hic unde vitam sumeret inscius<br /> +Pacem duello miscuit. O pudor!<br /> +O magna Carthago! probrosis<br /> +Altior Italiæ ruinis!<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;"><span class="smcap">Hor.</span></span></td></tr></table> +<p> </p> + +<h4>LONDON:<br /> +Printed for <span class="smcap">R. Griffiths</span>, in Pater-noster<br /> +Row. MDCCLVII.</h4> + + +<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p> +<hr style="width: 50%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p> + +<h4>A</h4> +<h1>LETTER</h1> +<h4>TO</h4> +<h3>Lord <span class="smcap">Robert Bertie</span>.</h3> +<p> </p> + +<p><span class="smcap">My Lord</span>,</p> + +<p class="dropcap"><span class="caps">Characters</span> like your’s, are regarded with impartial Attention by human +Society, and the World will impatiently expect something in your Conduct +suitable to your Rank and Dignity. Those who are intrusted with the +Charter of our Liberties, or the Revenge of our Wrongs, are laid under the +strongest Obligations which Honour or Gratitude can impose, to maintain +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>the Rights and execute the Resentment of their Country; but if they fail +to exert themselves to the utmost for this Purpose, the People, naturally +fretful at their Losses, will not forbear reflecting on the supposed +Authors of their Misfortunes. And when they call to mind that indelible +Disgrace which has befallen them in the <i>Mediterranean</i>, it’s possible +they may mingle too much Petulance and Severity in their Censures upon +those who were concerned in that unfortunate Expedition.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">I am</span> extremely sorry, my Lord, to find your Name in the Number of those to +whose Misconduct that fatal Defeat is attributed. You have been marked out +by the Indignation of the Publick, and maliciously charged with Principles +the most remote from your Heart, and Designs. No Person, I can assure you, +was more assiduous in vindicating your Fame, than the Author of this +Address; and it was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span> not without the utmost Reluctance, that I ever +suffered myself to entertain any Suspicion of the Wisdom or Activity of +your Conduct: But since you have espoused the Cause of the Admiral, now +under Condemnation, with so much Warmth and Solicitude, I fear your +Sentiments are no longer a Doubt, nor your Behaviour altogether capable of +such an honourable Construction as your Friends could wish.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">I shall</span> therefore take that Liberty which, as one of your Constituents, I +may claim, of canvassing the Merits of that Transaction in which your +Lordship had a considerable Share; and as I shall endeavour to preserve an +inviolable Regard to Truth, without Partiality or Rancour, I hope you will +esteem these Remonstrances as the Observations of a Friend, solicitous for +your Reputation; and not of an Enemy, exulting in your Adversity. These +are the unanimous Sentiments of your Constituents, who<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span> think themselves +so far interested in the Fate of their Representative, as to be honoured +by his Glory, and wounded by his Disgrace; who are more publick-spirited +than to justify an unworthy Member, and more generous than to desert a +faithful Officer, tho’ the popular Cry be against him.—The principal +Objections against your Lordship’s Conduct, on which I shall now freely +animadvert, are the Part you acted in the <i>Mediterranean</i>, and the Defence +you have made at home.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">With</span> relation to the first, my Lord, I believe that your Friends and +Enemies both lamented that terrible Oversight in the Administration, which +neglected to prepare so invaluable a Fortress, as <i>St. Philip</i>’s, for +every Contingency whatsoever; and, when it was besieged, heartily wished +that that Detachment, which your Lordship commanded, had been stronger for +its Relief. They apprehended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span> that it was not politick, considering the +precarious Events of War, to trust to a small Number, from an ostentatious +Confidence of our Strength, or an ill-judged Frugality, when greater +Forces might have been sent, consistent with our Safety at home.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">But</span> it unfortunately happened, that those few on board were all that +<i>Gibraltar</i> could spare. <i>Minorca</i> was exposed to a furious Storm, the +General was brave, and the Garrison sustained the Attack with undaunted +Resolution. But Valour cannot surmount all Difficulties, Courage cannot +stifle the Demands of Nature, nor the greatest Spirits persevere without +some Relaxation from Hardship and Fatigue: They had to encounter with the +intense Heat of the Climate, and were denied the necessary Refreshment of +Repose. In these Circumstances, what Transports of Pleasure would the +Sight of a <i>British</i> Fleet<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span> inspire? How chearfully would they exert all +their remaining Strength, in hopes of being speedily supplied with all the +Necessaries their Distresses required? What noble Efforts must they make, +when they saw a fresh Reinforcement of Men flying as swift as possible to +their Assistance? The smallest Detachment that could have been landed, +attended with Stores and Provisions, would have revived their Courage, +animated their Spirits, and possibly might intirely have defeated the +Designs of our Enemies. What Motives of an opposite Nature could sway with +such weighty Considerations? What Danger could there be in attempting to +land? What Hesitation could there be about the Expediency of it? What +Council, good God! could deliberate a Moment, whether they should help +their Friends, or abandon them to Destruction? The Reasons which were +urged against that Enterprize,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span> were not on account of the Smallness of +the Detachment, but the Danger of entering the Harbour, which would have +been equally conclusive against the most numerous Body, which must have +suffered more from the Fire of their Cannon than a few, and would deter us +from performing any Exploits which are attended with the least Degree of +Danger or Inconvenience. But admitting the Truth of that Assertion you +have frequently maintained, ‘That all the Assistance you was capable of +bringing would have been no effectual Relief; and, at best, could but have +protracted the Siege a few Days;’ admitting, I say, that the Presence and +Encouragement of so many superior Officers would not have accomplished +that desireable End, yet you would have stood acquitted, and glorious, in +the Eyes of your Country, and of Posterity. The Guilt would have been +confined intirely to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span> those who sent you out in so miserable a Plight: We +should have pitied and applauded the gallant Efforts of that Bravery which +was not crowned with Success; we should have resigned the Place with less +Regret, when it was so dearly bought.—But, alas! we did not put it in the +Power of Fortune to save us: The least Evil was not hazarded; we had not +the Pain of seeing our Friends overcome by a superior Enemy; your Valour +was reserved for a nobler Theatre, and your Eloquence spared for a more +glorious Occasion.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">There</span> is one Circumstance, my Lord, which I shall mention, as it just +occurs to my Mind. If I forget not, it was agreed in Council, that the +Enemy could never neglect planting Cannon on such advantageous Places, as +those two opposite Points which command the Avenue of the Harbour. Now as +you did not approach so near the Place as to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span> be Spectators of any +dreadful Artillery planted to intercept Relief, this Opinion must be +wholly founded on Conjecture; and you had as much Reason to apprehend it +while at <i>Gibraltar</i>, as after the 20th of <i>May</i>; and if so, would it not +have been more prudent to have staid at <i>Gibraltar</i>, than have put your +Men on board a Squadron so imperfectly equipped, destitute of Hospital and +Store-ships, where they could be of no Service, where they must consume +the Provisions of the Fleet, and be liable to the Sickness which attends a +close Confinement? Who could have objected to you the Disobedience of +Orders then, if they acquit you now? How ridiculously must you pretend to +say, that the Commands of Majesty were obeyed, when the least Attempt was +never made to land the Reinforcements at that Place where it was only in +their Power to be of any Service? I defy all History to produce<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> any +Instance when the Orders of a Sovereign, and the Possessions of a Kingdom, +were ever so infamously disregarded, under the Sanction of a Council!</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">I have</span> nothing, at present, to say concerning the Engagement betwixt the +two Admirals, as your Lordship’s Fame was not interested in the Event; and +whatever Benefit the Squadron might be supposed to receive from the +Continuance of your Regiment on board, I presume you will not ascribe to +them the Merit of having defeated the Enemy. The principal Figure you had +the Honour to make, was in the decisive Resolution, agreed upon in +Council, of returning to <i>Gibraltar</i>. I don’t suppose your Lordship was +more forward in promoting that Determination, than any of those that +composed that honourable Body. As to the Losses and Situation of the +Fleet, I don’t doubt but they might be represented to you in such a Light, +that it<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span> might appear wise and necessary to repair to <i>Gibraltar</i> to +refit, before you ventured upon another Engagement; but how any other +Reasons could impose upon your Judgment to consent to so infamous a +Retreat, I cannot conceive; and am amazed and confounded when I think of +it.—Could it ever seriously be urged, that the <i>French</i> Fleet designed to +escape thro’ the <i>Streights</i>, in order to join a Squadron from <i>Brest</i>, +and so do some terrible Mischief, the Lord knows where?——What +unaccountable Panick could seize you, in behalf of <i>Gibraltar</i>? Were not +all their Efforts exerted, all their Armaments drained, all their +Magazines exhausted, to carry on the Siege at <i>Minorca</i>?—besides the +Strength they borrowed of the <i>Genoese</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">What</span> Alarms could <i>Gibraltar</i> apprehend, unless Ships were to rise from +the Deep, or an Army drop from the Skies?——Whatever they might boast of +the Strength and Cleanness of their Fleet,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> they must have sustained some +Damage in the Engagement: They must be weakened and disabled by the brisk +Firing of Mr. <i>West</i>’s Division; not to mention the immense Quantity of +Powder and Ball discharged from the <i>Ramillies</i>, which surely could not be +expended in vain.—Yet, notwithstanding these Reasons, it appeared more +eligible to you to retire, than to answer the Design of your Expedition.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">I would</span> not be understood to reflect on the Valour of those Officers who +embarked along with you; and you might think it a Deference due to them to +acquiesce in their Sentiments.—But yet, my Lord, had you considered, with +due Attention, the Distresses of the Place—the Certainty of its falling +into the Hands of the <i>French</i>, if not relieved—the grand Purpose for +which you was sent—and the Censures to which you would stand peculiarly +exposed, as Commander of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> the Regiment on board——I am persuaded you +would have been the first for landing the Reinforcement, and have +indignantly rejected a Proposal for abandoning a Fortress so valuable, +unassisted, unrelieved.——Whatever Danger might have attended the +Enterprize, would have redounded to your Glory——and your Neutrality, at +least, would have endeared you to the eternal Esteem of your Friends, and +recommended you to greater Honours than we can confer.——What Pleasure +would it give to those who have the least Connection with you, to find +your Resolution so singularly distinguished, and your Zeal for your +Country so warm, as to surmount every Obstacle, every Difficulty, +attending its Defence! I remember to have read of a great General, whose +Example should be the Model of every Soldier, that having convened a +Council to debate upon some important Enterprize, then<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> in Agitation, and +finding them discontented with his Proposal, he upbraided their Timidity, +gave them Liberty to return, and declared that he would march forward with +his own fifth Legion alone!——His Reproach had a just Effect upon them, +and inspired them with such Shame and Indignation as rekindled their +Courage, and carried them thro’ the greatest Difficulties with +uninterrupted Success.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">My</span> Lord, I should not have expostulated with you so freely, had I not been +assured that the intended Reinforcement was practicable, and might have +been successful. History affords many Instances of Garrisons, in Strength +much inferior to <i>St. Philip</i>’s, holding out against a more formidable +Enemy; and, whatever Representations may have been given of the romantick +Nature of the Attempt, if I should maintain that your own small Supply +would have been<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> sufficient, I should be justified in the Assertion by the +most unexceptionable Authority.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">There</span> is great Reason to believe, that had the fatal Attack, on the 29th +of <i>June</i>, been repulsed from those Forts which were most defenceless, and +most surprized, as it might have been done with a very small Number more, +they never would have renewed it again with equal Fury, or equal +Advantage. And if there be any Weight in this Supposition, if there was +any Prospect of affording the Castle any Relief, we can’t help being +astonished that any Danger should induce you to decline the Prosecution of +so glorious an Undertaking.——We cannot applaud the Voice you gave in the +Council, according to our present Apprehensions; and we must continue in +this Opinion, unless you shall vindicate your Conduct, and acquaint us +with those Views that influenced your<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> Lordship’s Determination. This a +Piece of Justice which the Honour of your Character requires, and which +your Friends expect. As your Electors, we beseech it; as the Subjects of +an insulted Kingdom, whose Losses are universally felt, we demand it at +your Hands.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Reflect</span>, my Lord, (for your Country can never forget) what a long +Succescession of dreadful Consequences this Loss must extend to Futurity? +What additional Expences must the Protection of our Trade require, when +thus deprived of its Guardian? What Sums can insure the Return of our +Ships, exposed, as they must constantly be, to the Capture of our Enemies? +What Profit can attend that Commerce, which must always be liable to +irretrievable Losses? What Fleets of Convoys must be engaged for our +Defence, which might otherwise be employed to the Annoyance of the Enemy? +What aggravated<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> Indignities we must receive from the most contemptible +Powers in the <i>Mediterranean</i>, who will look upon this Defeat as the +certain Token of the Ruin of our once invincible Navy.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Whoever</span> considers this sad Concurrence of Misfortunes, and at the same +time the Enormity of the Disgrace we have sustained, will blush to find so +black a Period as this recorded in the Annals of <i>Great Britain</i>. Let it +never be remembered, what great and lasting Advantage might have been +reaped from the Defeat of the most rash Invasion that was ever undertaken, +how fatal a Wound we might have given to their Ambition, and what future +Hostilities might have been prevented. May Posterity forgive us for losing +the most glorious Opportunity of gaining a complete and final Triumph over +our Enemies, that Heaven ever gave. May not our<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> Colonies reproach us for +all those Cruelties and Calamities, which this disastrous Event has +contributed to enhance and prolong.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">And</span> now, my Lord, I proceed to the Defence you have made in favour of the +Admiral, when the united Voice of his Country called upon him to answer +for his Conduct: And here you have espoused his Cause with a Solicitude +eager for his Safety, and with a Confidence which the Persuasion of his +Innocence could only create.——You was pleased to express the greatest +Surprize, that the Action on the 20th of <i>May</i> should be so universally +condemned by the Nation; and to prevent your Friends from being carried +down the Tide of popular Clamour, you favoured them with a particular +Account of the Situation, Strength, and Armament of the two Squadrons. You +gave a particular<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> Calculation of the Weight of Metal, the Number of Guns, +and Superiority of Men; from which it appears, that if no Confidence was +to be placed in the Valour and Activity of our Seamen, and the Experience +of our Commanders, we must inevitably lose the Victory.—To confirm this, +the State of our Fleet might be added, which has been so pathetically +represented as weak, destitute, and unprovided with necessary Stores and +Tenders, at a Time, alas! when it ought to have been invincible. Besides, +we have been told of the immense Rate at which our Enemy’s Ships failed, +(if we were capable of being bubbled by so palpable an Imposition) which +must necessarily disappoint our most vigorous Efforts in the Chace.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">And</span> yet, notwithstanding these unsurmountable Difficulties, which it was +Mr. <i>Byng</i>’s peculiar Misfortune to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> encounter with, your Friends cannot +cease to believe, with the most exquisite Concern and Regret, that it was +in our Power to have destroyed their boasted Squadron, and abundantly +revenged their Invasion of <i>Minorca</i>.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">What</span> Instance can be produced in our naval Records, where so small a +Difference in Strength was ever urged to vindicate a timorous Action, or +justify a hasty Retreat. There has been a time when our Captains, so far +from being terrified with a formidable Enemy, have exulted in their +Superiority—improved it to their own greater Glory, and envied no Success +but what has been obtained by unequal Numbers.—Vigilance and Resolution +will succeed against the strongest Force. Fortune may hold the Ballance of +War; but Bravery turns the Scale.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span><span class="smcap">If</span> any thing could embitter the Remembrance of our late Misfortunes, it +must be those Circumstances that have suspended the Fate of the Author of +them so long, contrary to the united Demands of the Kingdom. We are not so +barbarously impatient for Justice, as to deny an equitable Trial to the +worst of Criminals; but we cannot see why the Satisfaction of an injured +People should be delayed; and we can never be too jealous of that Power +which enables us to arraign the greatest Crimes, and condemn the most +capital Offenders. And, with relation to the present Case, nothing but the +most scrupulous Mercy could have deliberated on the Execution of his +Sentence so long. The Fury of the People was subsided. All the Weapons, +which Falshood and Calumny<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> could invent, to transfer the Odium of this +Transaction to a higher Cause. His Situation was considered with all the +Allowance that Candour could make: His Judges entered upon his Trial free +from all Prejudice and Passion, and every Witness that was desired was +granted. So that all Complaints of ill Usage and Injustice are urged +without the least Shadow of Foundation; and there is not the least Reason +to pretend that he falls a Sacrifice to the Resentment of a private +Party.—If he has the Sanction of Authority to produce, let his Commission +be shewn, and the Mystery of the whole Combination be unfolded: But if no +Associates should be found, if the original Springs of our Mischiefs +should be inaccessible, we do know the Instruments of them, and whether +<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>Bribery or Disaffection, or Cowardice or Negligence, has principally +prevailed.—We know what we ought to have done, and need not be reminded +what we have lost. We are sensible <i>who reflected Disgrace upon his +Majesty’s Flag, abandoned his gallant Countrymen, and infamously retreated +to</i> Gibraltar, <i>while our Enemies were seizing an undefended Garrison, and +triumphing in those Seas which never acknowledged any but a</i> British +<i>Sovereign before</i>. When we repose such an important Trust in the Hands of +a Commander, the least Neglect in the Discharge of it is a Crime of the +most aggravated Nature. What can make us a Recompence for what we have +lost? not all the Spoils of Plunder, nor the Profits of illicit Trade. The +Forfeiture of that immense Fortune he has<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> accumulated would be no Amends; +and the Sacrifice of that Life he did not rashly expose to Danger, would +be too small an Atonement of our Wrongs. Did we not hone so memorable an +Example would do Justice to our Name, and prevent the same sad Misconduct +from ever being transacted any more.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">If</span> there be any Weight in these Observations, Mr. <i>Byng</i> has been treated +with no cruel Severity to which he was not intitled; and whoever exert +themselves as Patrons and Defenders of his Cause, cannot hope to be exempt +from the unsparing Censures of the Publick.—Your Lordship’s Evidence has +not been the least remarkable: You have befriended him in open Court; and +in private Conversation you have not scrupled to express your favourable +Opinion<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> of his Conduct, in Opposition to the general Belief of his +Country.—Whatever Principles you may have declared in the latter Case, I +shall not charge you with; but your Depositions, as an Evidence, are +subject to every one’s Examination; and these, I presume, are far from +making his Character appear in a more agreeable Point of View than it was +placed in before. If your Lordship could have discovered one Reason why +Mr. <i>Byng</i>’s Ship was prevented from bearing down upon the Enemy with all +Expedition; why he was kept back so long, that one of our own Ships, which +did not sail so well as the <i>Ramillies</i>, was able to get betwixt him and +the Enemy, and was in great Danger therefore of receiving her Fire—you +would have alledged an Argument<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> in his Defence more material and +important, than a thousand Encomiums on his Calmness and Presence of Mind. +Facts are the only solid Tests of Truth, and the only Proofs which are +liable to no Ambiguity: And if we appeal to these, may we not suppose that +every Contingency that furnished a Pretence for Trifling and Delay, was +gladly embraced.——What Appearance is there of the least Ardour to +engage, or the smallest Attention to improve any favourable Event to his +Advantage? Where was the Spirit of Resolution and Enterprize worthy of a +<i>British</i> Commander? What Losses did he receive, but that of a +Timber-head? What Danger could he apprehend, when the Enemy’s Fire did not +reach a Ship in his Division much nearer than himself?<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>——Where was the +Heroism of delivering his Orders without Terror or Confusion, while he was +situated at so harmless a Distance? If this can proceed from Neglect, it +may cost us more than <i>Minorca</i>——our Navy and Kingdom too. And what can +Cowardice or Disaffection do more?——The most friendly and partial +Evidences do him no Honour, and represent him, at best, but as an +inactive, inglorious Spectator, indifferent to Victory, rather than as a +vigorous Commander, whose Country’s Reputation, as well as his own, was +immediately interested in the Event. And if the unexceptionable +Attestations of the rest have any Authority with them, we cannot be at a +Loss to whom we shall ascribe the Defeat of that fatal Expedition; and we +cannot but think<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> a Solicitude to defend a Conduct so undeniably culpable, +will deserve Part of the Ignominy which attends it. Your Friends, fearful +of pronouncing too hasty a Sentence, rejected a great many Reports which +enhanced the Guilt of this Action, and waved their Opinion till the most +material Circumstances were confirmed by the Court-Martial.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">They</span> are sensible of the Difficulty of forming a just Judgment upon an +Engagement, which requires such extensive Skill, and so minute an +Attention, to be free from all Exception: Yet when they see a Ship of the +first Note, for sailing, scandalously loitering in the Rear, without any +just Impediment, while the rest were sustaining unequal Fire, with not one +Man wounded or killed during the whole Time, though<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> all the Evidences +were unanimous in commending the Admiral, we could not help condemning it +as defective; and while this is the Case, we cannot approve of your +endeavouring to obstruct or mitigate the Punishment such Misbehaviour +deserves. These Remonstrances are not the Dictates of Passion and Malice; +but of a Desire for the impartial unbiassed Administration of Justice. The +Honour of every brave Man is dear, as the Actions of every Coward are +odious, to his Country.——It is incumbent on your Lordship to remove all +Suspicions of Partiality from the Minds of your Friends, that your Memory +may not be transmitted to Posterity in Connection with that Name, which +they will have as much Reason<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> to detest as their Ancestors had to admire.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">When</span> the necessary Rigor of the military Oeconomy is relaxed by an +unbounded Indulgence to superior Officers, when supreme Orders are +stripped of all their Meaning and Force, by the arbitrary Construction of +those to whom they are directed, when the greatest Offenders, relying upon +their affluent Fortunes and almighty Influence, shall be able to resist +the united Demands of a whole People, crying for Vengeance, we can never +be astonished at the Consequences which will follow. The Restraint of +publick Awe will be removed, popular Displeasure despised, and our +invaluable Possessions will be sacrificed to Indolence, Timidity, or +private Revenge.—That this was our Case we had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> but too much Reason to +apprehend, when such uncommon Circumstances of Delay protracted the +Execution of a late Sentence so long. At last we find that neither +Artifice nor Intreaty, Interest nor Power, can wrest from us that Victim +to Justice which our Misfortunes require of us.——Whether we are to look +upon any hidden Mover in this dark Labyrinth as antecedently guilty or no, +we refer to the Deliberations of Parliament; and, waving all Assertions +and Murmurs not sufficiently supported, shall acquiesce in the Result of +their impartial Enquiries.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">My</span> Lord, you cannot do greater Justice to yourself, or Favour to your +Friends, than by promoting, to the utmost of your Power, that Scrutiny we +have recommended to you, that the Causes of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> our Disasters may no longer +be concealed, nor their Authors escape with Impunity: May future +Discoveries reflect an agreeable Light upon your Conduct, and restore you +to that Esteem you once deservedly possessed. If these Reasonings are not +founded on so exact a Knowledge of the inaccessible Situation of <i>St. +Philip</i>’s, or so accurate a Calculation of the Force of the two Squadrons +as your Lordship obtained, we may expect you will confute them by an open +Vindicacation; for Silence and Contempt will only confirm them.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">It</span> would be malignantly partial to have directed the popular Clamour +against you, had not you invited this Address by the Talk you voluntarily +undertook, in which you have advanced so little material, that the Admiral +was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> indebted more to the Generosity of your Friendship than the Merit of +your Evidence.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">To</span> draw this Letter to a Conclusion; when the Actions of any Officer are +not called to publick Account, it creates a strong and probable +Presumption in his Defence: But there is a secret Judge in every human +Breast, by which a brave Man would always wish to be approved. Honour +erects a more equitable Tribunal; and its Decrees are irreversable. To +stand acquitted there, it is necessary that every Prejudice and Exception, +which tend to diminish the Fame of any Exploit, be cleared up and removed.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Those</span> which lie against your Lordship are here faithfully related, without +any groundless Aspersions or malicious<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> Conjectures.—But it is too +painful to dwell on this critical Subject any longer; may the Review of +past Misfortunes animate us to a more vigorous Execution of future +Measures. Our Enemies have longed triumphed in their perfidious Spoils, +and reaped the Fruit of our Negligence and Misconduct.——The last dear +Prizes are at Stake, our Possessions and our Being in the most critical +Suspence.——Yet, when a wise and uncorrupted Administration sustains the +arduous Offices of Government, when Valour and Integrity conduct our Arms, +when our Commanders are recompensed with their just Deserts,——a brighter +Prospect will dawn upon us; <i>Britain</i> may once more lift up her Head, her +withered Laurels revive, and her Dominion over the Deep be +re-assumed.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>—That the Infamy of our late Mismanagement may be effaced by +the Steadiness of our Councils, and the Propriety of all our Measures; and +that your Lordship may take an honourable and distinguished Part therein, +is the sincere and ardent Wish of,</p> + +<p><span style="margin-left: 4em;"><span class="smcap">My Lord</span>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 7em;">Your most obedient</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Humble Servant.</span></p> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + +***** This file should be named 32286-h.htm or 32286-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/2/8/32286/ + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie + Relating to His Conduct in the Mediterranean, and His + Defence of Admiral Byng + +Author: Anonymous + +Release Date: May 7, 2010 [EBook #32286] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + + + + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + + + + + + + + + A LETTER TO + Lord ROBERT BERTIE. + + + [Price One Shilling.] + + + + + A LETTER TO + Lord ROBERT BERTIE, + Relating to his + CONDUCT in the Mediterranean, + AND HIS + DEFENCE of Admiral BYNG. + + + Hic unde vitam sumeret inscius + Pacem duello miscuit. O pudor! + O magna Carthago! probrosis + Altior Italiae ruinis! + + HOR. + + + LONDON: + Printed for R. GRIFFITHS, in Pater-noster + Row. MDCCLVII. + + + + +A LETTER TO Lord ROBERT BERTIE. + + +MY LORD, + +Characters like your's, are regarded with impartial Attention by human +Society, and the World will impatiently expect something in your Conduct +suitable to your Rank and Dignity. Those who are intrusted with the +Charter of our Liberties, or the Revenge of our Wrongs, are laid under the +strongest Obligations which Honour or Gratitude can impose, to maintain +the Rights and execute the Resentment of their Country; but if they fail +to exert themselves to the utmost for this Purpose, the People, naturally +fretful at their Losses, will not forbear reflecting on the supposed +Authors of their Misfortunes. And when they call to mind that indelible +Disgrace which has befallen them in the _Mediterranean_, it's possible +they may mingle too much Petulance and Severity in their Censures upon +those who were concerned in that unfortunate Expedition. + +I am extremely sorry, my Lord, to find your Name in the Number of those to +whose Misconduct that fatal Defeat is attributed. You have been marked out +by the Indignation of the Publick, and maliciously charged with Principles +the most remote from your Heart, and Designs. No Person, I can assure you, +was more assiduous in vindicating your Fame, than the Author of this +Address; and it was not without the utmost Reluctance, that I ever +suffered myself to entertain any Suspicion of the Wisdom or Activity of +your Conduct: But since you have espoused the Cause of the Admiral, now +under Condemnation, with so much Warmth and Solicitude, I fear your +Sentiments are no longer a Doubt, nor your Behaviour altogether capable of +such an honourable Construction as your Friends could wish. + +I shall therefore take that Liberty which, as one of your Constituents, I +may claim, of canvassing the Merits of that Transaction in which your +Lordship had a considerable Share; and as I shall endeavour to preserve an +inviolable Regard to Truth, without Partiality or Rancour, I hope you will +esteem these Remonstrances as the Observations of a Friend, solicitous for +your Reputation; and not of an Enemy, exulting in your Adversity. These +are the unanimous Sentiments of your Constituents, who think themselves +so far interested in the Fate of their Representative, as to be honoured +by his Glory, and wounded by his Disgrace; who are more publick-spirited +than to justify an unworthy Member, and more generous than to desert a +faithful Officer, tho' the popular Cry be against him.--The principal +Objections against your Lordship's Conduct, on which I shall now freely +animadvert, are the Part you acted in the _Mediterranean_, and the Defence +you have made at home. + +With relation to the first, my Lord, I believe that your Friends and +Enemies both lamented that terrible Oversight in the Administration, which +neglected to prepare so invaluable a Fortress, as _St. Philip_'s, for +every Contingency whatsoever; and, when it was besieged, heartily wished +that that Detachment, which your Lordship commanded, had been stronger for +its Relief. They apprehended that it was not politick, considering the +precarious Events of War, to trust to a small Number, from an ostentatious +Confidence of our Strength, or an ill-judged Frugality, when greater +Forces might have been sent, consistent with our Safety at home. + +But it unfortunately happened, that those few on board were all that +_Gibraltar_ could spare. _Minorca_ was exposed to a furious Storm, the +General was brave, and the Garrison sustained the Attack with undaunted +Resolution. But Valour cannot surmount all Difficulties, Courage cannot +stifle the Demands of Nature, nor the greatest Spirits persevere without +some Relaxation from Hardship and Fatigue: They had to encounter with the +intense Heat of the Climate, and were denied the necessary Refreshment of +Repose. In these Circumstances, what Transports of Pleasure would the +Sight of a _British_ Fleet inspire? How chearfully would they exert all +their remaining Strength, in hopes of being speedily supplied with all the +Necessaries their Distresses required? What noble Efforts must they make, +when they saw a fresh Reinforcement of Men flying as swift as possible to +their Assistance? The smallest Detachment that could have been landed, +attended with Stores and Provisions, would have revived their Courage, +animated their Spirits, and possibly might intirely have defeated the +Designs of our Enemies. What Motives of an opposite Nature could sway with +such weighty Considerations? What Danger could there be in attempting to +land? What Hesitation could there be about the Expediency of it? What +Council, good God! could deliberate a Moment, whether they should help +their Friends, or abandon them to Destruction? The Reasons which were +urged against that Enterprize, were not on account of the Smallness of +the Detachment, but the Danger of entering the Harbour, which would have +been equally conclusive against the most numerous Body, which must have +suffered more from the Fire of their Cannon than a few, and would deter us +from performing any Exploits which are attended with the least Degree of +Danger or Inconvenience. But admitting the Truth of that Assertion you +have frequently maintained, 'That all the Assistance you was capable of +bringing would have been no effectual Relief; and, at best, could but have +protracted the Siege a few Days;' admitting, I say, that the Presence and +Encouragement of so many superior Officers would not have accomplished +that desireable End, yet you would have stood acquitted, and glorious, in +the Eyes of your Country, and of Posterity. The Guilt would have been +confined intirely to those who sent you out in so miserable a Plight: We +should have pitied and applauded the gallant Efforts of that Bravery which +was not crowned with Success; we should have resigned the Place with less +Regret, when it was so dearly bought.--But, alas! we did not put it in the +Power of Fortune to save us: The least Evil was not hazarded; we had not +the Pain of seeing our Friends overcome by a superior Enemy; your Valour +was reserved for a nobler Theatre, and your Eloquence spared for a more +glorious Occasion. + +There is one Circumstance, my Lord, which I shall mention, as it just +occurs to my Mind. If I forget not, it was agreed in Council, that the +Enemy could never neglect planting Cannon on such advantageous Places, as +those two opposite Points which command the Avenue of the Harbour. Now as +you did not approach so near the Place as to be Spectators of any +dreadful Artillery planted to intercept Relief, this Opinion must be +wholly founded on Conjecture; and you had as much Reason to apprehend it +while at _Gibraltar_, as after the 20th of _May_; and if so, would it not +have been more prudent to have staid at _Gibraltar_, than have put your +Men on board a Squadron so imperfectly equipped, destitute of Hospital and +Store-ships, where they could be of no Service, where they must consume +the Provisions of the Fleet, and be liable to the Sickness which attends a +close Confinement? Who could have objected to you the Disobedience of +Orders then, if they acquit you now? How ridiculously must you pretend to +say, that the Commands of Majesty were obeyed, when the least Attempt was +never made to land the Reinforcements at that Place where it was only in +their Power to be of any Service? I defy all History to produce any +Instance when the Orders of a Sovereign, and the Possessions of a Kingdom, +were ever so infamously disregarded, under the Sanction of a Council! + +I have nothing, at present, to say concerning the Engagement betwixt the +two Admirals, as your Lordship's Fame was not interested in the Event; and +whatever Benefit the Squadron might be supposed to receive from the +Continuance of your Regiment on board, I presume you will not ascribe to +them the Merit of having defeated the Enemy. The principal Figure you had +the Honour to make, was in the decisive Resolution, agreed upon in +Council, of returning to _Gibraltar_. I don't suppose your Lordship was +more forward in promoting that Determination, than any of those that +composed that honourable Body. As to the Losses and Situation of the +Fleet, I don't doubt but they might be represented to you in such a Light, +that it might appear wise and necessary to repair to _Gibraltar_ to +refit, before you ventured upon another Engagement; but how any other +Reasons could impose upon your Judgment to consent to so infamous a +Retreat, I cannot conceive; and am amazed and confounded when I think of +it.--Could it ever seriously be urged, that the _French_ Fleet designed to +escape thro' the _Streights_, in order to join a Squadron from _Brest_, +and so do some terrible Mischief, the Lord knows where?----What +unaccountable Panick could seize you, in behalf of _Gibraltar_? Were not +all their Efforts exerted, all their Armaments drained, all their +Magazines exhausted, to carry on the Siege at _Minorca_?--besides the +Strength they borrowed of the _Genoese_. + +What Alarms could _Gibraltar_ apprehend, unless Ships were to rise from +the Deep, or an Army drop from the Skies?----Whatever they might boast of +the Strength and Cleanness of their Fleet, they must have sustained some +Damage in the Engagement: They must be weakened and disabled by the brisk +Firing of Mr. _West_'s Division; not to mention the immense Quantity of +Powder and Ball discharged from the _Ramillies_, which surely could not be +expended in vain.--Yet, notwithstanding these Reasons, it appeared more +eligible to you to retire, than to answer the Design of your Expedition. + +I would not be understood to reflect on the Valour of those Officers who +embarked along with you; and you might think it a Deference due to them to +acquiesce in their Sentiments.--But yet, my Lord, had you considered, with +due Attention, the Distresses of the Place--the Certainty of its falling +into the Hands of the _French_, if not relieved--the grand Purpose for +which you was sent--and the Censures to which you would stand peculiarly +exposed, as Commander of the Regiment on board----I am persuaded you +would have been the first for landing the Reinforcement, and have +indignantly rejected a Proposal for abandoning a Fortress so valuable, +unassisted, unrelieved.----Whatever Danger might have attended the +Enterprize, would have redounded to your Glory----and your Neutrality, at +least, would have endeared you to the eternal Esteem of your Friends, and +recommended you to greater Honours than we can confer.----What Pleasure +would it give to those who have the least Connection with you, to find +your Resolution so singularly distinguished, and your Zeal for your +Country so warm, as to surmount every Obstacle, every Difficulty, +attending its Defence! I remember to have read of a great General, whose +Example should be the Model of every Soldier, that having convened a +Council to debate upon some important Enterprize, then in Agitation, and +finding them discontented with his Proposal, he upbraided their Timidity, +gave them Liberty to return, and declared that he would march forward with +his own fifth Legion alone!----His Reproach had a just Effect upon them, +and inspired them with such Shame and Indignation as rekindled their +Courage, and carried them thro' the greatest Difficulties with +uninterrupted Success. + +My Lord, I should not have expostulated with you so freely, had I not been +assured that the intended Reinforcement was practicable, and might have +been successful. History affords many Instances of Garrisons, in Strength +much inferior to _St. Philip_'s, holding out against a more formidable +Enemy; and, whatever Representations may have been given of the romantick +Nature of the Attempt, if I should maintain that your own small Supply +would have been sufficient, I should be justified in the Assertion by the +most unexceptionable Authority. + +There is great Reason to believe, that had the fatal Attack, on the 29th +of _June_, been repulsed from those Forts which were most defenceless, and +most surprized, as it might have been done with a very small Number more, +they never would have renewed it again with equal Fury, or equal +Advantage. And if there be any Weight in this Supposition, if there was +any Prospect of affording the Castle any Relief, we can't help being +astonished that any Danger should induce you to decline the Prosecution of +so glorious an Undertaking.----We cannot applaud the Voice you gave in the +Council, according to our present Apprehensions; and we must continue in +this Opinion, unless you shall vindicate your Conduct, and acquaint us +with those Views that influenced your Lordship's Determination. This a +Piece of Justice which the Honour of your Character requires, and which +your Friends expect. As your Electors, we beseech it; as the Subjects of +an insulted Kingdom, whose Losses are universally felt, we demand it at +your Hands. + +Reflect, my Lord, (for your Country can never forget) what a long +Succescession of dreadful Consequences this Loss must extend to Futurity? +What additional Expences must the Protection of our Trade require, when +thus deprived of its Guardian? What Sums can insure the Return of our +Ships, exposed, as they must constantly be, to the Capture of our Enemies? +What Profit can attend that Commerce, which must always be liable to +irretrievable Losses? What Fleets of Convoys must be engaged for our +Defence, which might otherwise be employed to the Annoyance of the Enemy? +What aggravated Indignities we must receive from the most contemptible +Powers in the _Mediterranean_, who will look upon this Defeat as the +certain Token of the Ruin of our once invincible Navy. + +Whoever considers this sad Concurrence of Misfortunes, and at the same +time the Enormity of the Disgrace we have sustained, will blush to find so +black a Period as this recorded in the Annals of _Great Britain_. Let it +never be remembered, what great and lasting Advantage might have been +reaped from the Defeat of the most rash Invasion that was ever undertaken, +how fatal a Wound we might have given to their Ambition, and what future +Hostilities might have been prevented. May Posterity forgive us for losing +the most glorious Opportunity of gaining a complete and final Triumph over +our Enemies, that Heaven ever gave. May not our Colonies reproach us for +all those Cruelties and Calamities, which this disastrous Event has +contributed to enhance and prolong. + +And now, my Lord, I proceed to the Defence you have made in favour of the +Admiral, when the united Voice of his Country called upon him to answer +for his Conduct: And here you have espoused his Cause with a Solicitude +eager for his Safety, and with a Confidence which the Persuasion of his +Innocence could only create.----You was pleased to express the greatest +Surprize, that the Action on the 20th of _May_ should be so universally +condemned by the Nation; and to prevent your Friends from being carried +down the Tide of popular Clamour, you favoured them with a particular +Account of the Situation, Strength, and Armament of the two Squadrons. You +gave a particular Calculation of the Weight of Metal, the Number of Guns, +and Superiority of Men; from which it appears, that if no Confidence was +to be placed in the Valour and Activity of our Seamen, and the Experience +of our Commanders, we must inevitably lose the Victory.--To confirm this, +the State of our Fleet might be added, which has been so pathetically +represented as weak, destitute, and unprovided with necessary Stores and +Tenders, at a Time, alas! when it ought to have been invincible. Besides, +we have been told of the immense Rate at which our Enemy's Ships failed, +(if we were capable of being bubbled by so palpable an Imposition) which +must necessarily disappoint our most vigorous Efforts in the Chace. + +And yet, notwithstanding these unsurmountable Difficulties, which it was +Mr. _Byng_'s peculiar Misfortune to encounter with, your Friends cannot +cease to believe, with the most exquisite Concern and Regret, that it was +in our Power to have destroyed their boasted Squadron, and abundantly +revenged their Invasion of _Minorca_. + +What Instance can be produced in our naval Records, where so small a +Difference in Strength was ever urged to vindicate a timorous Action, or +justify a hasty Retreat. There has been a time when our Captains, so far +from being terrified with a formidable Enemy, have exulted in their +Superiority--improved it to their own greater Glory, and envied no Success +but what has been obtained by unequal Numbers.--Vigilance and Resolution +will succeed against the strongest Force. Fortune may hold the Ballance of +War; but Bravery turns the Scale. + +If any thing could embitter the Remembrance of our late Misfortunes, it +must be those Circumstances that have suspended the Fate of the Author of +them so long, contrary to the united Demands of the Kingdom. We are not so +barbarously impatient for Justice, as to deny an equitable Trial to the +worst of Criminals; but we cannot see why the Satisfaction of an injured +People should be delayed; and we can never be too jealous of that Power +which enables us to arraign the greatest Crimes, and condemn the most +capital Offenders. And, with relation to the present Case, nothing but the +most scrupulous Mercy could have deliberated on the Execution of his +Sentence so long. The Fury of the People was subsided. All the Weapons, +which Falshood and Calumny could invent, to transfer the Odium of this +Transaction to a higher Cause. His Situation was considered with all the +Allowance that Candour could make: His Judges entered upon his Trial free +from all Prejudice and Passion, and every Witness that was desired was +granted. So that all Complaints of ill Usage and Injustice are urged +without the least Shadow of Foundation; and there is not the least Reason +to pretend that he falls a Sacrifice to the Resentment of a private +Party.--If he has the Sanction of Authority to produce, let his Commission +be shewn, and the Mystery of the whole Combination be unfolded: But if no +Associates should be found, if the original Springs of our Mischiefs +should be inaccessible, we do know the Instruments of them, and whether +Bribery or Disaffection, or Cowardice or Negligence, has principally +prevailed.--We know what we ought to have done, and need not be reminded +what we have lost. We are sensible _who reflected Disgrace upon his +Majesty's Flag, abandoned his gallant Countrymen, and infamously retreated +to_ Gibraltar, _while our Enemies were seizing an undefended Garrison, and +triumphing in those Seas which never acknowledged any but a_ British +_Sovereign before_. When we repose such an important Trust in the Hands of +a Commander, the least Neglect in the Discharge of it is a Crime of the +most aggravated Nature. What can make us a Recompence for what we have +lost? not all the Spoils of Plunder, nor the Profits of illicit Trade. The +Forfeiture of that immense Fortune he has accumulated would be no Amends; +and the Sacrifice of that Life he did not rashly expose to Danger, would +be too small an Atonement of our Wrongs. Did we not hone so memorable an +Example would do Justice to our Name, and prevent the same sad Misconduct +from ever being transacted any more. + +If there be any Weight in these Observations, Mr. _Byng_ has been treated +with no cruel Severity to which he was not intitled; and whoever exert +themselves as Patrons and Defenders of his Cause, cannot hope to be exempt +from the unsparing Censures of the Publick.--Your Lordship's Evidence has +not been the least remarkable: You have befriended him in open Court; and +in private Conversation you have not scrupled to express your favourable +Opinion of his Conduct, in Opposition to the general Belief of his +Country.--Whatever Principles you may have declared in the latter Case, I +shall not charge you with; but your Depositions, as an Evidence, are +subject to every one's Examination; and these, I presume, are far from +making his Character appear in a more agreeable Point of View than it was +placed in before. If your Lordship could have discovered one Reason why +Mr. _Byng_'s Ship was prevented from bearing down upon the Enemy with all +Expedition; why he was kept back so long, that one of our own Ships, which +did not sail so well as the _Ramillies_, was able to get betwixt him and +the Enemy, and was in great Danger therefore of receiving her Fire--you +would have alledged an Argument in his Defence more material and +important, than a thousand Encomiums on his Calmness and Presence of Mind. +Facts are the only solid Tests of Truth, and the only Proofs which are +liable to no Ambiguity: And if we appeal to these, may we not suppose that +every Contingency that furnished a Pretence for Trifling and Delay, was +gladly embraced.----What Appearance is there of the least Ardour to +engage, or the smallest Attention to improve any favourable Event to his +Advantage? Where was the Spirit of Resolution and Enterprize worthy of a +_British_ Commander? What Losses did he receive, but that of a +Timber-head? What Danger could he apprehend, when the Enemy's Fire did not +reach a Ship in his Division much nearer than himself?----Where was the +Heroism of delivering his Orders without Terror or Confusion, while he was +situated at so harmless a Distance? If this can proceed from Neglect, it +may cost us more than _Minorca_----our Navy and Kingdom too. And what can +Cowardice or Disaffection do more?----The most friendly and partial +Evidences do him no Honour, and represent him, at best, but as an +inactive, inglorious Spectator, indifferent to Victory, rather than as a +vigorous Commander, whose Country's Reputation, as well as his own, was +immediately interested in the Event. And if the unexceptionable +Attestations of the rest have any Authority with them, we cannot be at a +Loss to whom we shall ascribe the Defeat of that fatal Expedition; and we +cannot but think a Solicitude to defend a Conduct so undeniably culpable, +will deserve Part of the Ignominy which attends it. Your Friends, fearful +of pronouncing too hasty a Sentence, rejected a great many Reports which +enhanced the Guilt of this Action, and waved their Opinion till the most +material Circumstances were confirmed by the Court-Martial. + +They are sensible of the Difficulty of forming a just Judgment upon an +Engagement, which requires such extensive Skill, and so minute an +Attention, to be free from all Exception: Yet when they see a Ship of the +first Note, for sailing, scandalously loitering in the Rear, without any +just Impediment, while the rest were sustaining unequal Fire, with not one +Man wounded or killed during the whole Time, though all the Evidences +were unanimous in commending the Admiral, we could not help condemning it +as defective; and while this is the Case, we cannot approve of your +endeavouring to obstruct or mitigate the Punishment such Misbehaviour +deserves. These Remonstrances are not the Dictates of Passion and Malice; +but of a Desire for the impartial unbiassed Administration of Justice. The +Honour of every brave Man is dear, as the Actions of every Coward are +odious, to his Country.----It is incumbent on your Lordship to remove all +Suspicions of Partiality from the Minds of your Friends, that your Memory +may not be transmitted to Posterity in Connection with that Name, which +they will have as much Reason to detest as their Ancestors had to admire. + +When the necessary Rigor of the military Oeconomy is relaxed by an +unbounded Indulgence to superior Officers, when supreme Orders are +stripped of all their Meaning and Force, by the arbitrary Construction of +those to whom they are directed, when the greatest Offenders, relying upon +their affluent Fortunes and almighty Influence, shall be able to resist +the united Demands of a whole People, crying for Vengeance, we can never +be astonished at the Consequences which will follow. The Restraint of +publick Awe will be removed, popular Displeasure despised, and our +invaluable Possessions will be sacrificed to Indolence, Timidity, or +private Revenge.--That this was our Case we had but too much Reason to +apprehend, when such uncommon Circumstances of Delay protracted the +Execution of a late Sentence so long. At last we find that neither +Artifice nor Intreaty, Interest nor Power, can wrest from us that Victim +to Justice which our Misfortunes require of us.----Whether we are to look +upon any hidden Mover in this dark Labyrinth as antecedently guilty or no, +we refer to the Deliberations of Parliament; and, waving all Assertions +and Murmurs not sufficiently supported, shall acquiesce in the Result of +their impartial Enquiries. + +My Lord, you cannot do greater Justice to yourself, or Favour to your +Friends, than by promoting, to the utmost of your Power, that Scrutiny we +have recommended to you, that the Causes of our Disasters may no longer +be concealed, nor their Authors escape with Impunity: May future +Discoveries reflect an agreeable Light upon your Conduct, and restore you +to that Esteem you once deservedly possessed. If these Reasonings are not +founded on so exact a Knowledge of the inaccessible Situation of _St. +Philip_'s, or so accurate a Calculation of the Force of the two Squadrons +as your Lordship obtained, we may expect you will confute them by an open +Vindicacation; for Silence and Contempt will only confirm them. + +It would be malignantly partial to have directed the popular Clamour +against you, had not you invited this Address by the Talk you voluntarily +undertook, in which you have advanced so little material, that the Admiral +was indebted more to the Generosity of your Friendship than the Merit of +your Evidence. + +To draw this Letter to a Conclusion; when the Actions of any Officer are +not called to publick Account, it creates a strong and probable +Presumption in his Defence: But there is a secret Judge in every human +Breast, by which a brave Man would always wish to be approved. Honour +erects a more equitable Tribunal; and its Decrees are irreversable. To +stand acquitted there, it is necessary that every Prejudice and Exception, +which tend to diminish the Fame of any Exploit, be cleared up and removed. + +Those which lie against your Lordship are here faithfully related, without +any groundless Aspersions or malicious Conjectures.--But it is too +painful to dwell on this critical Subject any longer; may the Review of +past Misfortunes animate us to a more vigorous Execution of future +Measures. Our Enemies have longed triumphed in their perfidious Spoils, +and reaped the Fruit of our Negligence and Misconduct.----The last dear +Prizes are at Stake, our Possessions and our Being in the most critical +Suspence.----Yet, when a wise and uncorrupted Administration sustains the +arduous Offices of Government, when Valour and Integrity conduct our Arms, +when our Commanders are recompensed with their just Deserts,----a brighter +Prospect will dawn upon us; _Britain_ may once more lift up her Head, her +withered Laurels revive, and her Dominion over the Deep be +re-assumed.--That the Infamy of our late Mismanagement may be effaced by +the Steadiness of our Councils, and the Propriety of all our Measures; and +that your Lordship may take an honourable and distinguished Part therein, +is the sincere and ardent Wish of, + + MY LORD, + Your most obedient + Humble Servant. + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's A Letter to Lord Robert Bertie, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A LETTER TO LORD ROBERT BERTIE *** + +***** This file should be named 32286.txt or 32286.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/2/8/32286/ + +Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian +Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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