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diff --git a/32435-h/32435-h.htm b/32435-h/32435-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6265661 --- /dev/null +++ b/32435-h/32435-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,7382 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Every-Day Errors of Speech, by L. P. Meredith. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +p.indent { padding-left: 2em; } + +hr { + margin: 3em auto 3em auto; + height: 0px; + border-width: 1px 0 0 0; + border-style: solid; + border-color: #dcdcdc; + width: 500px; + clear: both; +} + +hr.hr2 { + width: 250px; + margin: 3em auto 3em auto; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +/* Poetry */ + .poem { + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-left: 25%; + margin-right: 10%; + text-align: left; + } + + .poem .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em; + } + + .poem p { + padding-left: 3em; margin: 0px; text-indent: -3em; + } + + .poem p.i5 { + margin-left: 5em; + } + +/* Poetry */ + .poem2 { + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-left: 40%; + margin-right: 10%; + text-align: left; + } + + .poem2 .stanza { + margin: 1em 0em; + } + + .poem2 p { + padding-left: 3em; margin: 0px; text-indent: -3em; + } + + .poem2 p.i5 { + margin-left: 5em; + } + +/* Transcriber Notes */ +div.tn { + background-color:#EEE; + border:dashed 1px; + color:#000; + margin-left:10em; + margin-right:10em; + margin-top:5em; + margin-bottom:5em; + padding:1em; +} + +ul.corrections { + list-style-type:circle; +} + + .signature2 { + text-align: left; + margin-left: 1em; +} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Every-Day Errors of Speech, by L. P. Meredith + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Every-Day Errors of Speech + +Author: L. P. Meredith + +Release Date: May 19, 2010 [EBook #32435] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVERY-DAY ERRORS OF SPEECH *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<h2>EVERY-DAY</h2> +<h1>ERRORS OF SPEECH</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h4>BY</h4> +<h3>L. P. MEREDITH, M.D., D.D.S.,</h3> +<h6>AUTHOR OF "THE TEETH, AND HOW TO SAVE THEM."</h6> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<h5>PHILADELPHIA:</h5> +<h4>J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.<br /> +1876.</h4> + +<hr /> + +<h6>Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year, 1872, by</h6> +<h5>L. P. MEREDITH,</h5> +<h6>In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.</h6> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p> +<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2> + +<hr class="hr2" /> +<div class="poem2"><div class="stanza"> +<p><i>Damas.</i> * * * The Prince of Como does not</p> +<p class="i5">understand his own language.</p> +<p><i>Melnotte.</i> Not as you pronounce it: Who the</p> +<p class="i5">deuce could?</p> +</div></div> +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>It may be regarded as one of the commendable +peculiarities of the English language that, despite +provincialisms, vulgarisms, neglected education, foreign +accent, and the various corrupting influences to +which it is subjected, it may be understood wherever +it is heard, whatever differences of distance or +associations may have existed between the speaker +and the listener, both claiming familiarity with it. +Considering these influences and the arbitrariness of +the orthoepical rules of the language, there has been +expressed surprise that frequent degenerations into +uncouth dialects or patois have not occurred. A +decent regard for the common weal should cause +gratification that such degenerations have not taken +place, for were it not for the ability of our tongue +to preserve its individuality against the tendency +toward corruption, we might reasonably fear such a +Babel-like confusion, that, when asked, "Do you + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span> +speak English?" one might appropriately, <i>sans</i> the +profanity, reply in the language of the text, "Not +as you pronounce it: Who the deuce could?" While +the majority of people place no other value upon +language than that of convenience, and are indifferent +to any corruption, so long as they can simply +understand and be understood, there is happily a +better class, the æsthetic cultivation of which is such +that those who belong to it are anxious to preserve +the purity of our vernacular and are ashamed of all +errors of speech in their daily conversations. For +such it will not be uninteresting to look over a number +of errors, principally of pronunciation, that are +not formally laid down as such in books, and which +people, even many of the best educated, are constantly +committing, just because they have never had +their attention called to them. These errors are becoming +more deeply rooted every day and if not +soon eradicated, it will not be many years before our +orthoepic standard will be overthrown as it was in +England some years ago.</p> + +<p>Smart, one of the most celebrated of English orthoepists, +in the preface of his dictionary says: "The +proprietors of Walker's dictionary, finding it would +slide entirely out of use unless it were adapted to +the present day, engaged me as a teacher of elocution, +known in London since Walker's time, to make +the necessary changes." A standard pronouncing +dictionary is a work that involves an extraordinary + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span> +amount of labor and research in its compilation, +and exerts an influence almost autocratical. The +possibility of its becoming worthless in a short time +is strange, especially when it is not on account of +any work claiming superiority, but merely because +error long persisted in finally becomes more authoritative +than the original exemplar. With little effort, +however, we can discern the causes. Persons are apt +to acquire the pronunciation and use of the greater +number of words by imitation, rather than by study. +With confidence in the knowledge of the parent, +teacher, minister, physician and others, their examples +are followed without ever considering that they +are often very fallible guides.</p> + +<p>A complete dictionary is an immense volume, and +to turn over its pages with even a casual observation +of each word, requires an amount of time that few +would feel like devoting to it; and yet this is the +only way in which a person can become <i>assured</i> of +the sanctioned pronunciation and meaning of a great +many words. If they would make it an invariable +rule to make memoranda of all the words they read +or hear spoken, about the orthoepy and import of +which they are not absolutely certain, and at their +first leisure opportunity would consult their chosen +authority, it would not be long before the majority +of errors would be corrected; but this requires memory, +inclination, time, continuity of purpose, possession +of dictionaries or access to them—circumstances + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span> +that are seldom found combined. It will doubtless +be useless to rehearse any of the arguments commonly +employed to prove the necessity of having +some sovereign standard, to the guidance of which we +must be willing to submit. Those for whom this +work is intended will be willing to admit that. Nor +is it necessary to assert that as far as the English +speakers of the United States are interested, the only +works that lay claim to such a position are the dictionaries +of Webster and Worcester. If the right +of the opinions of the majority of scholars throughout +the land were alone considered, the former would +certainly be entitled to the preference; but the work +of the latter is too full of merit and has too many +adherents in the ranks of the educated to permit +any one to say that it is not worthy of high esteem.</p> + +<p>With my own preference for the former and with +my willingness to acknowledge the worth of the latter, +I have consulted both authorities concerning +every word in the following vocabulary—that is, +every word requiring reference to either. It will be +seen that there is much less difference between the +decisions of the two dictionaries than is commonly +supposed. By this reference to each, I have not only +corrected errors in an impartial manner, but have also +stopped up that loop-hole through which so many try +to escape by saying, when they are called to account +according to one dictionary, that they do not accept +that as their standard. As far as the people of this + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span> +country are concerned, there is no escape from the +conclusion that a person is considered a correct or +an incorrect speaker of English, according to whether +or not he conforms his discourse to one of the above +mentioned authorities. At first glance it will appear +that the size of this volume is not at all commensurate +to the task of correcting the many errors that +are heard in our communication with all classes that +pretend to speak the English language. It is not +intended to instruct those whose education has been +so neglected that they are guilty of the grossest violation +of syntax and orthoepy, nor to cultivate the +taste of those whose selection of words and cant and +slang phrases betrays the low grade of the associations +by which they have been surrounded. It is +designed rather as a collection of the more common +of those errors, chiefly orthoepical, that I have before +spoken of as being of constant occurrence even +among people of education, unless they have paid +considerable attention to philology or <i>belles-lettres</i>. +If by presenting them in this convenient form, thus +saving much time and trouble in referring to the +dictionary, I have merited the thanks of my readers, +or if I have contributed even a mite toward the conservation +of the present usage, I shall feel amply +repaid.</p> + +<p>I have taken advantage of the alphabetical arrangement +to introduce a few miscellaneous errors that +might have been placed under a separate heading.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span> + Instead of dividing the words into syllables and +loading them with marks as is usually done in dictionaries, +I have thought that it would make a deeper +impression on the memory to present the words +as they are commonly seen in print, depending on +respelling to furnish the correct and incorrect accent +and pronunciation.</p> + +<p>The corrections have first been made according to +Webster; if Worcester is unmentioned, it is to be +understood that both authorities agree.</p> + +<div class="signature2"><i>Cincinnati, December 20, 1871.</i></div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p> +<h2><a name="Errors_of_Speech" id="Errors_of_Speech"></a>Errors of Speech.</h2> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span></p> +<h2>KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE<br /> +RESPELLING</h2> + +<pre> +The long sounds of a, e, i, o, u, are represented by ā, ē, ī, ō, ū. +The short sounds of a, e, i, o, u, " ă, ĕ, ĭ, ŏ, ŭ. + + <i>a</i>, as in <i>air</i>, <i>pair</i>, is represented by â. + <i>a</i>, " <i>far</i>, <i>arm</i>, " " ä or ah. + <i>a</i>, " <i>all</i>, <i>haul</i>, " " aw. + <i>a</i>, " <i>what</i>, <i>squat</i>, " " ŏ. + <i>e</i>, " <i>ere</i>, <i>where</i>, " " ê. + <i>e</i>, " <i>obey</i>, <i>weight</i>, " " ā. + <i>e</i>, " <i>her</i>, <i>term</i>, " " ë. + <i>i</i>, " <i>machine</i>, " " ē or ee. + <i>i</i>, " <i>dirk</i>, <i>whirl</i>, " " ï. + <i>o</i>, " <i>done</i>, <i>son</i>, " " ŭ. + <i>o</i>, " <i>woman</i>, " " ŏŏ. + <i>o</i>, " <i>do</i>, <i>move</i>, " " ōō. + <i>o</i>, " <i>for</i>, <i>storm</i>, " " ô or aw. + <i>oo</i>, " <i>soon</i>, <i>moon</i>, " " ōō. + <i>oo</i>, " <i>foot</i>, <i>good</i>, " " ŏŏ. + <i>u</i>, " <i>rude</i>, <i>rule</i>, " " ōō. + <i>u</i>, " <i>push</i>, <i>pull</i>, " " ŏŏ. + <i>u</i>, " <i>burn</i>, <i>turn</i>, " " ü. + <i>oi</i>,} " <i>oil</i>, <i>toy</i>, " " oi. + <i>oy</i>,} + <i>ou</i>,} " <i>found</i>, <i>owl</i>, " " ow. + <i>ow</i>,} + + <i>c</i>, as in <i>city</i>, <i>cite</i>, is represented by s or ç. + <i>c</i>, " <i>can</i>, <i>cut</i>, " " k. + <i>ch</i>, " <i>child</i>, <i>much</i>, " " ch. + <i>ch</i>, " <i>machine</i>, " " sh. + <i>ch</i>, " <i>chorus</i>, " " k. + <i>g</i>, " <i>ginger</i>, " " j. + <i>n</i>, " <i>think</i>, <i>uncle</i>, " " ñ. + <i>qu</i>, " <i>require</i>, " " kw. + <i>s</i>, " <i>these</i>, <i>ease</i>, " " z. +</pre> + +<p>Obscure vowel sounds, or those which are glided over in +a word without any noticeable accent, are unmarked. In +those cases where the pronunciation is so evident that mistakes +seem improbable, the marks are also omitted.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span></p> +<h3>EVERY-DAY ERRORS</h3> +<h4>OF</h4> +<h2>SPEECH.</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p> </p> +<p>A.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Abacus</b>—ab´a-kŭs, not a-băk´ŭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Abdomen</b>—ab-dō´men, not ab´do-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Acclimate</b>—ak-klī´māte, not ak´kli-māte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Acclimated</b> is also accented on the second syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Acclimatization</b>—ak-kli-mat-i-zā´shun, not +ak-klī´ma-ti-zā-shun.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adult</b>—a-dŭlt´, not ăd´ult.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aerated</b>—ā´er-ā-ted, not ā´rē-ā-ted. +"<i>Areated bread</i>" is a mistake that is frequently +made.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ailantus</b>—ā-lăn´tŭs, not ā-lăn´thŭs; +ăt-lăn´tus is a still worse error.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Albumen</b>—al-bū´men, not al´bu-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alder</b>—awl´der, not ăl´der; +it is the name of a <i>tree</i> and +does not mean the ordinary <i>elder</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alike.</b> It is sufficient to say +that two persons or things +are <i>alike</i>, not <i>both alike</i>. +The word associated with +<i>alike</i> is just as unnecessary +as it is with <i>resemble</i> and +<i>equal</i> in the following sentences: +"These two men +<i>both</i> resemble each other." +"These two sums are <i>both</i> +equal."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Allopathy</b>—al-lŏp´a-thy, not +al´lo-path-y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Allopathist</b> is similarly accented.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alpaca</b>—al-păk´a, not al-la-păk´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Altercate</b>—ăl´ter-kāte, not +awl´ter-kate.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amenable</b>—a-mē´na-ble, not +a-mĕn´a-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Among.</b> A thing is divided +<i>among</i> many and <i>between</i> +two.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amour</b>—a-mōōr´, not am´-mōre +nor ā´mōōr.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Angry.</b> Say angry <i>with</i> a person +and <i>at</i> a thing.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Animalcula</b> is the plural of + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span> +<i>animalculum</i>; there is no +such word as <i>animalculœ</i>. +Animalcule (singular) and +animalcules (plural), are +proper words; the former +is pronounced an-i-mal´kūle +and the latter an-i-mal´kūlz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Antarctic</b>—ant-ärk´tik, not +ant-är´tik.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Antepenult</b>—an-te-pe-nŭlt´, +not an-te-pē´nŭlt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Apex</b>—ā´pex, not ăp´ex.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Apparatus</b>—ap-pa-rā´tus, not +ap-pa-răt´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aquaria</b>, not <i>aquariums</i>, is +the plural of <i>aquarium</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arabic</b>—ăr´a-bĭk, not a-răb´ĭk, +a-rā´bĭk, nor ăr´a-băk; +which errors are very common, +especially in the compound +word <i>gum-arabic</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arbitrary</b> is often incorrectly +pronounced as if spelled +<i>ar-bi-ta-ry</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Archangel</b>—ärk-ān´jel, not +ärch-ān´jel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Archbishop</b>—ärch-bish´op, +not ärk-bish´op.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Archipelago</b>—ärk-i-pel´a-gō, +not ärch-i-pel´a-gō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Architect</b>—är´ki-tect, not +är´chi-tect.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Archives</b>—är´kīvez, not är´chīvez, +nor är´kēvez.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arctic</b>—ärk´tik, not är´tik.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arid</b>—ăr´id, not ā´rid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aroma</b>—a-rō´ma, not ăr´o-ma.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>At</b> should not be used when +it has no possible connection +with the other words +of a sentence; as, "Where +are you living <i>at</i>?"</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>At all</b>, not a tall.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Attacked</b>, not attackted.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Auction</b>—awk´shun, not ŏk´shun.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ay</b> or <b>Aye</b>, meaning <i>yes</i>, and +<b>aye</b>, an affirmative vote, +are pronounced äĭ and not +ī nor ā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aye</b>, meaning forever, always +(used chiefly in poetry), +is pronounced ā not +ī nor äĭ.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>B.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bade</b>—băd, not bāde.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Badinage</b>—băd´in-äzh, not +băd´in-āje. Worcester gives +the same pronunciation, +but places the accent on +the last syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Balance.</b> There are two +common errors connected +with this word. One is to +write it <i>ballance</i>: the other +is to use it in the sense of +<i>remainder</i>, <i>rest</i>, etc.; as, the +<i>balance</i> of the day, the <i>balance</i> +of the people. Balance +means properly "the +excess on one side, or what +added to the other makes +equality." The corrupt use +of the word, as above mentioned, +is laid down as a +vulgarism.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bantam</b>, not <i>banty</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bellows</b>—bĕl´lŭs, not bĕl´lōz. +The plural is the same as +the singular.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span> + <b>Besom</b>—bē´zum, not bē´sum. +A broom.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Betroth</b>—be-trŏth, not be-trōth. +<b>Betrothed</b>, <b>Betrothal</b>, +etc., are similarly +pronounced.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Blacking</b>, not <i>blackening</i> for +boots and shoes.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Blouse</b>—blowz, not blowss.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bologna</b>—bō-lōn´ya, not bō-lō´na. +<i>Bologna</i> sausage, +<i>Bologna</i> phial, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bona fide</b>—bō´na-fī´de, not +bō´na-fīde nor bŏn´a-fīde.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Booth.</b> The <i>th</i> is sounded +as in the preposition <i>with</i>, +not as in <i>both</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bouquet</b>—bōō-kā´ or boōō´kā, +not bō-kā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bourgeois</b>, meaning a kind +of type, is pronounced bür-jois´, +not like the following +word:</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bourgeois</b>, a citizen, pronounced +bōōr-zhwaw´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Brand-new</b>, not <i>bran-new</i>. +Although the latter adjective +is much used, it is evidently +a corruption of the +former. An article in its +newness may be bright like +a <i>brand</i> of fire, or the <i>brand</i> +of the manufacturer may +remain intact, but there is +certainly no <i>bran</i> about it.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Breeches</b>—brĭtch´ez, not as +spelled.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bretzel</b>, not <i>pretzel</i>. A brittle +German cake.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Brilliant.</b> A diamond of the +finest cut, with its faces and +facets so arranged as to secure +the greatest degree +of brilliancy—whence the +name. The name to many +conveys the idea of paste, +or imitation. A <i>rose</i> diamond +may be just as pure, +but its depth does not permit +it to be made a <i>brilliant</i> +of without a much greater +loss of substance.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Brougham</b>—brōōm or brōō´am, +not brō´am nor brow´am. +A kind of carriage.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Burst</b>, <b>Burst</b> and <b>Bursting</b>, +not <i>bust</i>, <i>busted</i> and <i>busting</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>C.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Calculate</b> is often inappropriately +used in lieu of <i>believe</i>, +<i>suppose</i>, <i>expect</i>, etc., as +in the following sentences: +"I <i>calculate</i> you are my +friend;" "I <i>calculate</i> the +report is true." Still worse +than this passive misuse +is that active one of using +the word in some such +sense as this: "Doctor, I +know that you are a man +of great intelligence and I +have unlimited confidence +in your honor and ability; +but I must say that I think +the course of treatment +pursued by you during this +epidemic, is <i>calculated</i> to increase +the mortality among +your patients." How inconsistent +with the encomium +is the dreadful accusation + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span> +just following! +As if the Doctor had sat +down and <i>calculated</i> how +he could cause injury rather +than benefit. Calculate +means to ascertain by +means of figures or to +study what means must be +used to secure a certain +result. A person may +make a speech, write a +book, or do anything else +<i>calculated</i> to do good, or +more rarely, evil, but the +intention to accomplish +the object spoken of must +be present, before the word +can be properly used.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Calliope</b>—kal-lī´o-pe, not +kal´li-ōpe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Calvary</b>, not <i>cavalry</i>, when +the place of our Saviour's +crucifixion is meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Camelopard</b>—ka-mel´o-pärd +or kam´el-o-pärd, not kam-el-lĕop´ard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cantatrice</b>—kăn-ta-trē´che, +not kăn´ta-treess.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Canon</b>—kăn´yun, not kăn´nun. +A deep gorge or ravine. +Spelled also <b>Canyon</b>, +pronounced kän-yōn´ or +kăn´yon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Capoch</b>—ka-pōōtsh´, not ka-pōch´. +<b>Capouch</b> is another +orthography.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caption</b> in the sense of the +heading of a discourse, +chapter, page, etc., is not +sanctioned by good writers.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Carminative</b>—kär-mīn´a-tive, +not kär´mi-nā-tive.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Casualty</b>—kăzh´u-al-ty, not +kăz-u-ăl´i-ty.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cater-cornered</b>—kā´ter-cor-nered, +not kăt´ty-cor-nered. +Not down, thus +compounded in Webster, +but his pronunciation of +the separate words is as +given. Worcester gives +the word as above and defines +it as an adjective—diagonal. +It is generally +used though, I believe, as +an adverb; as, "the piano +stands cater-cornered" (diagonally). +It is regarded as +an inelegant word, diagonal +and diagonally being +preferred: though it is +probable that this opinion +has been caused by the +abominable pronunciations +<i>catty</i> and <i>kitty</i> cornered.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Catalpa</b>—ka-tăl´pa, not ka-tawl´pa.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Catch</b>, <b>Catching</b>—kătch and +kătching, not kĕtch and +kĕtching.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Catholic</b> means liberal, general, +not bigoted, and not +<i>Roman</i> Catholic, unless +specially so applied.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caucasian</b>—kaw-kā´sian,not +kaw-kāzh´ian, kaw-kăsh´ian, +kaw-kāz´ian nor kaw-kăss´ian.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cayenne</b>—kā-ĕn´, not kī-ĕn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chaps</b>—chŏps, not chăps. +The jaws. <b>Chops</b> is also +correct orthography.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chasten</b>—chās´en, not chăs´en. +<b>Chastened</b>, <b>chastening</b>, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span> +etc., have also the +long a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chew</b>, not <i>chaw</i>. The latter +word either as a verb or +noun is now considered +quite vulgar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chid</b>, not chī´ded, is the imperfect +tense of chide.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chimera</b>—kĭ-mē´ra, not chi-mē´ra, +nor kī-mē´ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chivalric</b>—shĭv´al-rik, not +shĭv-ăl´rik. Worcester allows +the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chivalrous</b>—shĭv´al-rŭs, not +shĭv-ăl´rus. Worcester +gives chĭv´al-rus also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chivalry</b>—shĭv´al-ry, not +chĭv´al-ry. Worcester +sanctions both.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cicerone</b>—chē-che-rō´ne or +sĭs-e-rō´ne, not sĭs´e-rōne. +A guide.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Citrate</b>—sĭt´rate, not sī´trate. +"Citrate of magnesia."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Climbed</b>, not clomb (klum). +One climbs <i>up</i> but does not +climb <i>down</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cochineal</b>—kŏch´i-neel, not +kō´chi-neel nor kō´ki-neel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cocoa</b> (kō´kō) is not made +from the cocoa-nut or tree, +but from the seeds of the +<i>cacao</i> (ka-kā´o) or chocolate +tree. The word is evidently +a perversion, but it +has gained a permanent +footing in its present signification.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cognomen</b>—kŏg-no´men, +not kŏg´no-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cold-chisel</b>, not <i>coal-chisel</i>. +It is a chisel of peculiar +strength and hardness for +cutting <i>cold</i> metal.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cole-slaw.</b> In the former +editions of some dictionaries +it has been taught +that this word is derived +from <i>cole</i> meaning cabbage, +and <i>slaw</i> meaning salad. +Cole-slaw—cabbage-salad. +The uninstructed soon +changed the <i>cole</i> into <i>cold</i> +and substituted <i>hot</i> for the +other extreme of temperature, +thus entirely changing +the signification. What +was really meant, was <i>hot +cole-slaw</i> and <i>cold cole-slaw</i>. +Many persons still regard +<i>cole-slaw</i> as the proper +word, and receipt books +give that orthography. The +last editions of Webster and +Worcester, however, only +give the words <i>cole</i> and +<i>slaw</i> in separate places and +define the latter as "sliced +cabbage."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Combatant</b>—kŏm´bat-ant, +not kom-băt´ant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Combativeness</b>—kŏm´bat-ive-ness, +not kom-băt´ive-ness.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Come</b> is often thoughtlessly +used for <i>go</i> or some other +word. If How is just leaving +Howard's house it is +right for How to say, "I'll +come to see you soon," but +Howard could not properly +say, <i>at that place</i>, the +same thing. He should +say, "I will go to see you + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span> +soon." If they both live in +Philadelphia and should +meet in New York, neither +could say appropriately, +"I'll come to see you after +I get home;" that would +mean that one would travel +back from his home in +Philadelphia to New York +to see the other. But either +might say, "Come and +see me when you get +home."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Comparable</b>—kŏm´pa-ra-ble, +not kŏm-păr´a-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Complaisance</b>—kŏm´pla-zans, +not kŏm-plā´zăns. In +complaisant and complaisantly, +the accent is also on +the first syllable. Worcester +places it on the third, +thus: complaisant (kom-pla-zănt´), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Comptroller</b>—kon-trōl´ler, +not kŏmp-trōl´ler.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Conduit</b>—kŏn´dĭt or kŭn´dit, +not kŏn´duĭt or kŏn´dūte. +A pipe or canal for the +conveyance of fluid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Confab</b>, not <i>conflab</i>. A contraction +of confabulation.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Congeries</b>—kŏn-jē´rĭ-eez, +not kon-jē´rēz nor kŏn´je-rēz. +A collection of particles +into one mass.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contemptuous</b>, not <b>contemptible</b>, +when the manifestation +of contempt for +another is meant. I once +heard a young lady describing +how she had withered +at a glance a poor +young man that had incurred +her displeasure. "O, +I gave him such a <i>contemptible</i> +look," said she. If +in the enthusiasm of the +rehearsal, the look that +dwelt upon her features +was akin to that given upon +the occasion mentioned, +no auditor doubted the exact +truth of what she said; +but she meant differently.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contiguous</b>—kon-tig´ū-ŭs, +not kon-tĭj´ū-ŭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contour</b>—kŏn-tōōr´, not +kŏn´tōōr. The boundary +lines of a figure.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contra-dance</b> is better than +<i>country-dance</i>, the latter +word being a corruption; +but it has become admissible +from long use. <i>Contredanse</i> +is the French original, +and means that the parties +stand opposite to each +other.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contrary</b>—kŏn´tra-ry, not +kon-trā´ry, interfering with +the rhythm of the distich +from Mother Goose's Melodies:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mary, Mary, quite contrary,</p> +<p>How does your garden grow?"</p> +</div></div> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contumacy</b>—kŏn´tu-ma-sy, +not kon-tū´ma-sy. Obstinacy, +stubbornness.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Contumely</b>—kŏn´tu-me-ly +not kŏn-tū´me-ly. Insolence, +contemptuousness.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Conversant</b>—kŏn´ver-sant, +not kon-vĕr´sănt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span> + <b>Conversazione</b>—kŏn´ver-sät-se-ō´nā, +not kon-ver-săs´si-ōne. +A meeting for +conversation. Worcester +pronounces it kŏn-ver-sät-ze-ō´nā. +The plural is conversazioni +(-nē).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Corporal</b> punishment, not +cor-pō´re-al.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cortege</b>—kôr´tāzh, not kor´tēje. +A train of attendants.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Councilor</b>, is a member of +council.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Counselor</b>, one who gives +advice. Worcester's <a name="spelling" id="spelling"></a>spelling +is councillor and counsellor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Creek</b>, not krĭck.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Creole.</b> From Webster's +dictionary are taken the +following definitions and +remarks:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>1. "One born in America, +or the West Indies, of +European ancestors.</p> + +<p>2. "One born within or +near the tropics, of any +color. 'The term creole +negro is employed in the +English West Indies to +distinguish the negroes +born there from the Africans +imported during the +time of the slave trade. +The application of this +term to the colored people +has led to an idea common +in some parts of the +United States, though wholly +unfounded, that it implies +an admixture greater +or less of African blood.'—R. Hildreth."</p> +</div> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Crinoline</b>—krĭn´o-lĭn, not +krĭn´o-līne nor krĭn´o-leen.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cuirass</b>—kwē-răs´ or kwē´răs, +not kū´răs. A piece +of armor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cuisine</b>—kwe-zēn´, not kū-seen´ +or kū-zīne´. Cooking +or cooking department.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Culinary</b>—kū´li-na-ry, not +kŭl´i-na-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cupola</b>—kū´po-la, not kū-po-lō´.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>D.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dahlia</b>—däl´ya or dāl´-ya, +not dăl´ya.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dare not</b>, not darse'nt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Data</b>—dā´ta, not dăt´a, is the +plural of datum (dā´tum).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Debris</b>—dā-brē´, not dē´brĭs +nor dā´brē. Rubbish, ruins.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Decade</b>—dĕk´ade, not dē´kade +nor dē-kāde´. Ten in +number.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Defalcate</b>—de-făl´kate, not +de-fawl´kāte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Defalcation</b>—dē-făl-kā´shun +not dē-fawl-kā´shun. Worcester +gives dĕf-al-kā´shun. +No such word as <i>defalcater</i> is seen.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Deficit</b>—dĕf´i-sit, not de-fī´sit +nor de-fĭs´sit. A deficiency.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Delusion</b>, not <i>illusion</i>, when +deception occurs from want +of knowledge of the world, +ignorance of business or +trade, or from lack of acumen + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span> +generally. Illusions +are deceptions arising from +a temporarily or permanently +disordered imagination, +or from phenomena +occurring in nature: thus +we speak of the illusions +of fancy, of dreams, and of +optical illusions. The mirage +of the desert and the +fata Morgana are instances +of the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Demonstrative</b>—de-mŏn´stra-tive, +not dĕm´on-strā-tive.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Demonstrator</b>—dĕm´on-strā-tor, +not de-mŏn´strā-tor. +Worcester allows the +latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Depot</b>—de-pō´ or dē´pō, not +dā´pō, nor dĕp´po. Worcester +sanctions de-pō´ +only. I once had a friend, +deceased now, of course, +who called it de-pŏt´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dereliction</b>—der-e-lĭk´shun, +not dĕr-e-lĕk´shun. A forsaking, +abandonment.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Deshabille</b>—dĕs-a-bĭl´, } +<b>Dishabille</b>—dĭs-a-bĭl´, } not +dĕs´ha-beel nor dĭs´ha-beel. +The French is déshabillé, +pronounced about +like dā-zä-be-yā, without +any particular accent. +Some persons, in their vain +efforts to get the peculiar +liquid sound of the double +l, sometimes used, distort +the word terribly, pronouncing +it even as broad +as dĭs-ha-beel´yuh.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Desideratum</b>—de-sid-e-rā´tum, +not de-sĭd-er-ăt´um; +plural, de-sĭd-er-ā´ta. +Something particularly desired.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Desperado</b>—des-per-ā´do, +not des-per-ä´do.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dessert</b>—dĕz-zërt´, not dĕz´zert, +nor dĕs´sert: <i>dessert-spoon</i> +(dez-zërt´-spoon).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Die.</b> One dies <i>of</i> a disease, +not with it.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Differ.</b> One differs with a +person in opinion; one +person or thing differs <i>from</i> +another in some quality.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Disappointed.</b> One is disappointed +<i>of</i> a thing not +obtained and <i>in</i> a thing +obtained. "He will be +disappointed of his expectations."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Discourse</b>—dis-kōrs´, not +dĭs´kōrs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Disputable</b>—dis´pu-ta-ble, +not dis-pū´ta-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Disputant</b>—dis´pu-tant, not +dis-pū´tant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Distich</b>—dĭs´tĭk, not dĭs´tĭch. +Two poetic lines making +sense.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Docible</b>—dŏs´i-ble, not dō´si-ble. +Tractable; teachable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Docile</b>—dŏs´ĭl, not dō´sīle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dolorous</b>—dŏl´or-ŭs, not +dō´lor-oŭs. <b>Dolorously</b> +and <b>Dolorousness</b> are +similarly accented; but +<b>dolor</b> is pronounced dō´lor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Doubt.</b> "I do not doubt +but that it is so," is a very + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span> +common error. The meaning +conveyed is just the +opposite to that which the +speaker intends. He declares +in other words, that +he has <i>no</i> doubt <i>but</i> a doubt +that it is so; or he does not +doubt that it is false. "I +have no doubt but," and +"there is no doubt but,"—are +similar mistakes. The +word "but" should be left +out.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dough-face</b> means one that +is easily molded to one's +will, or readily changed in +his views, and not a putty-faced +or white-faced person.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dragomans</b>, not <i>dragomen</i>, is +the plural of <i>dragoman</i>, an +Eastern interpreter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Drama</b>—drä´ma or drā´ma, +not drăm´a. Worcester +says drā´ma or drăm´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dramatis Personæ</b>—drăm´a-tīs +per-sō´nē, not dra-măt´is +pĕr´so-nē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Drank</b>, not <i>drunk</i>, is the imperfect +tense of drink.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ducat</b>—dŭk´at, not dū´kat.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>E.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ear</b>—ēar, not yēar. Persons +frequently speak of the +<i>year-ache</i>, and occasionally +"<i>a year of corn</i>," may be +heard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ecce Homo</b>—ĕk´sē hō´mō, +not ĕk´kē hō´mō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eider</b>—ī´der, not ē´der. <i>Eider-down</i> +and <i>eider-duck</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Elm</b> is pronounced in one +syllable and not ĕl´lum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Elysian</b>—e-lĭz´i-an, not e-lĭs´sian. +Worcester gives +e-lĭzh´e-an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Embryo</b>—em´bry-ō, not em-bry´ō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Employe</b> (Fr. employé)—ĕm-ploy-ā´ +or ŏng-plwaw-yā´, +not employ´ē or ong-ploy´ā. +Employee is not +allowed.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Encore</b>—ŏng-kōr´, not ŏng´kōr +nor ĕn´kōr.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eneid</b>—ē-nē´id not ē´ne-id. +A poem of Virgil. Worcester +sanctions both methods +of pronunciation.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ennui</b>—ŏng-nwē´, not ŏng´wē. +Worcester gives a +much simpler pronunciation, +viz: än-wē´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Enquiry</b>—en-kwī´ry, not ĕn´kwĭ-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Epsom Salt</b>, not Epsom <i>Salts</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Equable</b>—ē´kwa-ble, not +ĕk´wa-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Equally well</b>, etc., not equally +<i>as</i> well, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Espionage</b>—ĕs´pe-on-āje or +ĕs´pe-on-äzh, not ĕs-pī´o-nāje +nor es-pē´on-äzh.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Esquimau</b>—ĕs´ke-mō, not +ĕs´qui-maw: plural, <b>Esquimaux</b> +(ĕs´ke-mōz), not +ĕs´ke-mawz nor ĕs´ke-mō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Etagere</b>—ĕt-a-zhâr´, not e-tăzh´er-y +nor at-tăzh´ĭ-a. +Worcester's pronunciation +is ā-tä-zhâr´. A piece of +parlor furniture with +shelves, used for placing + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span> +small ornaments and fancy +articles upon; a what-not.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Excrescence</b>—ex-krĕs´sense +not ex-krē´sense. A superfluous +appendage: morbid +outgrowth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Expect</b> has reference to the +future only, and not to the +present or past. "I <i>expect</i> +that you are wrong." "I +<i>expect</i> you were disappointed +yesterday," are +errors. There is an abundance +of words that may be +correctly used, as <i>suppose</i>, +<i>suspect</i>, <i>imagine</i>, <i>believe</i> and +<i>think</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Expose</b> (Fr. exposé)—ĕks-po-zā´, +not ex-pōz´. An +exposition; statement.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Exquisite</b>—ĕks´quĭ-zĭt, not +eks-quĭz´itĕ. <b>Exquisitely</b> +is accented on the first syllable +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Extant</b>—ex´tant not ex-tănt´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Extol</b>—ex-tŏl´, not ex-tō´. +<b>Extolled</b>, ex-tŏld´, etc.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>F.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Facet</b>—făs´set not fā-sĕt´. A +small surface or face; as +one of the <i>facets</i> of a diamond.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Falchion</b>—fawl´chun, not +făl´chĭ-on. A sword. Worcester +sanctions fawl´shun, +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Falcon</b>—faw´kn, not făl-kŏn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fang.</b> When applied to a +tooth, <i>fang</i> means the portion +that is outside of the +jaw. This name is often, +even by dentists, erroneously +given to the <i>root</i> or +part that is set into the jaw.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Far</b>, not <i>fur</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Febrile</b>—fē´brĭl or fĕb´rĭl, not +fē´brīle. Relating to fever.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>February</b>, as it is spelled, +and not Fĕb´u-a-ry, as +many say and write it.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Feod</b>, <b>feodal</b>, <b>feodality</b>—fūd, +fūd´al, and fū-dăl´i-ty. +Relating to a kind of tenure +formerly existing in +Europe, in which military +services were rendered by +the tenant as a consideration. +<b>Feud</b>, <b>feudal</b>, <b>feudality</b>, +is the orthography +generally adopted now.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ferret.</b> A ferret is an animal +of the weasel kind, +used to drive rabbits out +of their burrows, and not a +species of dog.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fetid</b>—fĕt´id, not fē´tid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fetor</b>—fē´tor, not fĕt´or.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Finale</b>—-fe-nä´lā, not fī´nāle +or fī-năl´ly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Finance</b>—fĭ-năns´, not fī´-năns.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Finances</b>—fĭ-năn´sĕz, not fī´năn-sĕz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Financier</b>—fĭn-an-seer´, not +fī-nan-seer´. <b>Financial</b>, +and <b>financially</b>, have also +the short i in the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Finis</b>—fī´nis, not fĭn´is.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Firmament</b> means the expanse +of the sky: the +heavens. The meaning, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span> +solid foundation, is obsolete.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Flannel</b>, not <i>flannen</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Florid</b>—flŏr´id, not flō´rĭd.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Florin</b>—flŏr´in, not flō-rĭn. +A piece of money.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Florist</b>—flō´rist, not flŏr´ist.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Forage</b>—fŏr´aje, not fō´raje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Forceps</b>—fôr´seps, not fōr´seps. +The word is spelled +the same in both the singular +and the plural numbers. +Such mistakes as, +"hand me a forcep," instead +of "hand me a +forceps," are very common. +Strictly speaking, +"a pair of forceps," ought, +I suppose, to mean <i>two</i> forceps; +but like the expressions +"a pair of scissors" +and "a pair of stairs," the +phrase has been in use so +long that it must be tolerated.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Forehead</b>—fŏr´ed, not fōr´hĕd. +Worcester allows +either.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Foreign</b>—fŏr´in, not fŭr´in.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fortnight</b>—fôrt´nīte, not +fōrt´nīte, fōrt´nĭt nor fôrt´nĭt. +Worcester gives what +is authorized above and +fôrt´nĭt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fortress</b>—fôr´tress, not fōr´tress.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fragile</b>—frăj´ĭl, not frā´jĭl +nor frā´jīle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fritter</b>, not <i>flitter</i>, is the +name of a kind of fried cake.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Frivolity</b>—fri-vŏl´i-ty, not +frĭv´ol-ty.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Frontier</b>—frŏnt´eer, not +frŭnt´eer nor frŭn-teer´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Frontispiece</b>—frŏnt´is-pēse, +not frŭnt´is-pēse.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fuchsia</b>—fōōk´sĭ-a, not fū´shĭ-a. +Worcester gives the +latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fuzz</b>, not <i>furze</i>, is the word +to use, if used at all, when +the embryo whiskers, or +the downy surface of fruit, +etc., are meant. Down is +the more appropriate +word. <i>Furze</i> is the name +of an evergreen shrub.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>G.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gallivating</b>, not <i>gallivanting</i>. +Gallivanting is a word that +is used to some extent, being +applied to persons that +are roaming about for +amusement or adventure; +as, "this young man has +been <i>gallivanting</i> around." +If it is a corruption of <i>gallanting</i>, +it should certainly +be abolished as a vulgarism; +but if it is a corruption +of <i>gallivating</i>, from +<i>gallivat</i>, the name of a +small sailing vessel, it +might be clothed in its +proper garb and retained +as a useful word in our +language. If either is used, +the one above preferred +should be chosen, at any +rate.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gallows</b>—găl´lus, not găl´lōz. +<b>Gallowses</b>, plural.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span> + <b>Gamin</b>—ga-măng´, not găm´in +nor gā´min. A street +child.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gape</b>—gäpe or gāpe, not +găp.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gargle.</b> One <i>gargles</i>, not +<i>gurgles</i>, the throat.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gaseous</b>—găz´e-us, not găss-e-us. +Worcester gives +gā´ze-us too.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gather</b>—găth´er, not gĕth´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Genealogy</b>—jĕn-e-ăl´o-jy, +not jē-ne-ăl´o-jy nor je-ne-ŏl´o-jy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Genealogist</b> (jĕn-e-ăl´o-jist), +<b>genealogical</b> (jĕn-e-a-lŏj´i-kal) +and <b>genealogically</b> (jĕn-e-a-lŏj´i-kal-ly).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Generic</b>—je-nĕr´ik, not jĕn´er-ik, +nor je-nē´rik. Relating +to a genus, or kind.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gerund</b>—jĕr´und, not jē-rund. +A kind of verbal +noun in Latin.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Get</b>, not gĭt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Giaour</b>—jowr, not gī´ōōr, jī-owr´ +nor jōōr. An epithet +applied by the Turks to a +disbeliever in Mahomet; +the name of one of Byron's +poems.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gibbet</b>—jĭb´bet, not gĭb´bet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Glamour</b>—glā´mōōr, not +glăm´mur. Worcester gives +glā´mer, also. A charm +in the eyes, making them +see things differently from +what they really are.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gneiss</b>—nīs, not nēs nor +gnēs. A kind of rock.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gondola</b>—gŏn´do-la, not +gon-dō´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Got.</b> There are some sticklers +for niceties that overdo +themselves in contending +that the use of the verb +<i>got</i> is generally unnecessary +and incorrect in conjunction +with <i>have</i> and <i>had</i>. +Get means to procure, to +obtain, to come into possession +of, etc., and it is a +very tame assertion that +one simply <i>has</i> a thing +that cost much mental or +physical labor. A scholar +<i>has</i> his lesson, but did it +creep into his head while +he passively shut his eyes +and went to sleep? On the +contrary, he <i>got</i> it or +learned it by hard study, +and it is proper to say that +he has <i>got</i> it. A man <i>has</i> +a cold, but he <i>got</i> it or <i>took</i> +it by exposing himself. A +person <i>has</i> a sum of money, +but he <i>got</i> or <i>earned</i> it by +his labor. Another <i>has</i> +good friends, but he <i>got</i> or +<i>secured</i> them by his pleasant +address. The great +causes of the warfare +against this word are, I +think, that <i>have</i> and <i>had</i>, +though generally used as +auxiliaries, can sometimes +be used as principal verbs +and make good sense; and +that it has not been recollected +that in the majority +of cases <i>got</i> either stands +for, or can be substituted +for another verb. In confirmation + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span> +of this last statement, +is appended the following +composed by Dr. +Withers: "I <i>got</i> on horseback +within ten minutes +after I <i>got</i> your letter. +When I <i>got</i> to Canterbury, +I <i>got</i> a chaise for town, but +I <i>got</i> wet before I <i>got</i> to +Canterbury; and I have +<i>got</i> such a cold as I shall +not be able to <i>get</i> rid of in +a hurry. I <i>got</i> to the Treasury +about noon, but first of +all I <i>got</i> shaved and dressed. +I soon <i>got</i> into the secret +of getting a memorial +before the board, but I +could not <i>get</i> an answer +then; however, I <i>got</i> intelligence +from the messenger, +that I should most likely +<i>get</i> one the next morning. +As soon as I <i>got</i> back +to my inn, I <i>got</i> my supper +and <i>got</i> to bed. It was not +long before I <i>got</i> asleep. +When I <i>got</i> up in the +morning, I <i>got</i> my breakfast, +and then I <i>got</i> myself +dressed that I might <i>get</i> +out in time to <i>get</i> an answer +to my memorial. As +soon as I <i>got</i> it, I <i>got</i> into +the chaise and <i>got</i> to Canterbury +by three, and about +tea-time, I got home. I +have <i>got</i> nothing for you, +and so adieu."</p> + +<p class="indent">Applying this test of +substitution to any doubtful +case, I think it right to +assert that if there is no +other verb, or participle, +that will appropriately +take the place of "got," +the latter word is <i>unnecessary</i>; +but it should hardly +be considered as an error, +as it is so slight an impropriety +compared with +many others that are allowed, +and especially because +we have long had the +usage of many of the best +writers to sanction the employment +of the word. The +very people that appear to +be so shocked at the use of +the superfluous <i>got</i>, may +generally be heard making +use of such expressions +as "fell <i>down</i> upon the +ground," "rose <i>up</i> and +went away," "covered it +<i>over</i>," and "a great, <i>big</i> +fire." The <i>down</i>, <i>up</i>, <i>over</i> +and <i>big</i> are certainly superfluities, +but they have +been heard so long that +they are seldom mentioned +as errors.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gourmand</b>—gōōr´mänd, not +gôr´mand, unless the orthography +<b>gormand</b> is +used.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gout</b>—gowt, not gōōt, as actors +are sometimes heard +pronounce it in the following +line from Macbeth: +"On thy blade and dudgeon, +<i>gouts</i> of blood."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Government</b>—gŭv´ern-ment +not gŭv´er-ment. It is a + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span> +mistake, frequently made, +to write and pronounce the +word as if it had no "n" +in the penultimate.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gramercy</b>—gra-mër´sy, not +grăm´er-sy. A word formerly +used to express +thankfulness with surprise.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Granary</b>—grăn´a-ry, not +grā´na-ry. There are no +such words as <i>grainery</i> and +<i>grainary</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gratis</b>—grā´tis, not grăt-is.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Grenade</b>—gre-nāde´, not +grĕn´ade. A kind of explosive +shell.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Guardian</b>—gärd´ĭ-an, not +gär-dē´an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Guerdon</b>—gër´don, not +gwĕr´don nor jĕr´don. A +reward; a recompense.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Guild</b>—gĭld, not gīld. A society; +a fraternity.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Guipure</b>—ge-pūr´, not gĭm-pūre´ +nor gwĭ-pūre´. An +imitation of antique lace.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gunwale</b>—commonly pronounced +gŭn´nel and +spelled so sometimes.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gutta-percha</b>—gŭt´ta-për´cha, +not gŭt´ta-për´ka.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gyrfalcon</b>—jër´faw-kn, not +jēr´făl-kun.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>H.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Habitue</b> (Fr. habitué)—ä-bĭt-u-ā´, +not hăb-it-u-ē nor +hăb-ĭt-u-ā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Halloo</b> (hal-lōō´), <b>holla</b> (hŏl´lä), +<b>hollo</b> (hŏl´lō or hŏl-lō´) +or <b>hollow</b> (hŏl´lōw), but +not hŏl´ler. Worcester +gives <b>halloo</b> (hal-lōō´), +<b>holla</b> (hŏl-lä´), <b>hollo</b> (hŏl-lō´) +and <b>hollow</b> (hŏl´lōw +or hŏl-lōw´). It is strange +that with such a variety of +words to choose from, people +generally say "<i>holler</i>."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hanged</b> is preferable to +<i>hung</i>, when the infliction +of the death penalty +by hanging is meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Harass</b>—hăr´ass, not ha-răss´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Harem</b>—hā´rem, not hăr´em. +Worcester gives hä´rem +also. Written also <b>haram</b> +(ha-răm´).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hardly.</b> <i>Don't</i> and <i>can't</i> +should not be used with +<b>hardly</b>. Such errors as, +"I don't hardly believe +it," are not uncommon. +<i>Hardly</i> means <i>scarcely</i>, and +the use of don't or can't +gives an opposite signification +to the sentence.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Haunt</b>—hänt, not hănt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Haunted</b>—hänt´ed, not +hănt´ed.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hawaiian</b>—ha-wī´yan, not +ha-waw´yan. Relating to +the island of Hawaii.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hearth</b>—härth, not hërth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hearth-stone</b>—härth´stone, +not hërth´stone.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Heather</b>—hĕth´er, not hēth´er. +Worcester gives hēth´er +as the pronunciation.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Heinous</b>—hā´nus, not hē´nus, +hēn´yus nor hān´yus.</p> + +<b>Herb</b>—ërb, not hërb. + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> + <b>Herbaceous</b>—her-bā´shus, +not er-bā´shus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Herbage</b>—ërb´ej or hĕrb´ej, +not hĕr´bāje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Heroine</b>—hĕr´o-ĭn, not hē´-ro-īne +nor hē´ro-ĭn. Worcester +gives the first and +the last of the above.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Heroism</b>—hĕr´o-izm, not +hē´ro-ĭzm. Worcester sanctions both.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hieroglyphic</b>—hī-er-o-glĭf´ik, +not hī-er-o-grĭf´ik.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hindoostanee</b>} +<b>Hindustani</b> } hin-dōō-stăn´ee, +not hin-dōō´stăn-ee. +Worcester's orthography +is <i>Hindostanee</i> and +<i>Hindostany</i>, but the accent +is on the penult as above.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Homage</b>—hŏm´aje, not ŏm´-aje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Homeopathy</b>—hō-me-ŏp´a-thy, +not hō´me-o-păth-y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Homeopathist</b>—hō-me-ŏp´a-thist, +not hō´me-o-păth-ist.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hooping-cough</b>—hōōp´ing-cough, +not hŏŏp´ing-cough. +Spelled <b>Whooping-cough</b>, +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Horizon</b>—ho-rī´zon, not +hŏr´i-zon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Horse-radish</b>—horse-răd-ish, +not horse-rĕd-dish.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hough</b>—hŏk, not hŭff. To +disable by cutting the sinews +of the ham. As a +noun, the word means the +joint at the lower portion +of the leg of a quadruped; +written <b>hock</b>, also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Houri</b>—howr´y, not owr´y. +A nymph of paradise.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hovel</b>—hŏv´el, not hŭv´el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hundred</b>, as spelled, not +<i>hun´derd</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hydropathy</b>—hī-drŏp´a-thy, +not hī´drō-păth-y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hydropathist</b>—hī-drŏp´a-thist, +not hī´drō-păth-ist.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hygiene</b>—hī´ji-ēne, not hī-geen´ +nor hī´geen. Worcester +authorizes the first +and last.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>I.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Illustrate</b>—il-lŭs´trate, not +ĭl´lus-trāte. <b>Illustrated</b>, +<b>illustrating</b>, <b>illustrative</b> +and <b>illustrator</b>, are likewise +accented on the second syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Imbroglio</b>—ĭm-brōl´yō, not +ĭm-brŏl´yō. Worcester says +ĭm-brōl´ye-ō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Immobile</b>—im-mŏb´ĭl, not +ĭm-mō´bĭl nor ĭm-mō´bīle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Imperturbable</b>—im-per-tür´ba-ble, +not ĭm-per-tōō´ra-ble, +nor ĭm-për´tu-ra-ble. Incapable of being +disturbed.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Implacable</b>—im-plā´ka-ble, +not ĭm-plăk´a-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Impotent</b>—im´po-tent, not +ĭm-pō´tent. <b>Impotency</b> +and <b>impotence</b> are accented similarly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Improvise</b>—im-pro-vīze´, +not ĭm´pro-vīze.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Incognito</b>—in-kŏg´ni-tō, not +in-cŏn´i-to nor in-cŏg-nĭsh´ō. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span> +<b>Incog</b> is an authorized +abbreviation. <b>Incognita</b>, +is a female in +disguise.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Indiscretion</b>—ĭn-dis-krĕsh´un, +not ĭn-dis-krē´shun.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Indissoluble</b>—in-dĭs´so-lu-ble, +not ĭn-dĭs-sŏl´u-ble. +<b>Indissolubly</b>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Industry</b>—in´dus-try, not ĭn-dus´try.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Infinitesimal</b>—in-fin-i-tĕs´i-mal, +not ĭn-fĭn-tĕs´i-mal.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ingenious</b>—ĭn-jēn´yŭs, means +possessed of genius; skillful, +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ingenuous</b>—ĭn-jĕn´yu-us, +means noble, open, frank, +generous, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Inquiry</b>—in-kwī´ry, not ĭn´kwĭ-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Inveigle</b>—ĭn-vē´gle, not ĭn-vā´gle. +<b>Inveigler</b> (in-vē´gler) and <b>inveiglement</b> +(in-vē´gle-ment).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irate</b> ī-rāte´, not ī´rāte. +Worcester gives the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irrational</b>—ir-răsh´un-al, +not ĭr-rā´shun-al. <b>Irrationally</b> +(ĭr-răsh´un-al-ly), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irrecognizable</b>—ir-re-kŏg´ni-za-ble, +not ĭr-rĕk´og-nī-za-ble.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irrelevant</b>, not <i>irrevelant</i>. +Not applicable; not suited.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Isinglass</b> ī´zĭng-glass, is a +kind of gelatine prepared +from the sounds or air-bladders +of certain fish, +and is used in jellies, for +clarifying liquors, etc.; +while the transparent substance, +frequently called +<i>isinglass</i>, which is used in +the doors of stoves and +lanterns, is really <i>mica</i>, a +mineral that admits of +being cleaved into thin +plates.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Isolate</b>—ĭs´o-lāte, not ī´so-late. +<b>Isolated</b> (ĭs´o-lā-ted), +etc. Worcester gives ĭz´o-lāte, +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Itch</b>—ĭtch, not ēch.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>J.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jamb</b>, not <i>jam</i> is the spelling +of the side-piece of a +door, window or fire-place.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jaundice</b>—jän´dĭs, not <i>jan-ders</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jean</b>—jāne, not jeen. A +twilled cotton cloth. Written +also <b>jane</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jew's-harp</b>—jūz´härp, not +jūs´härp.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jocund</b>—jŏk´und, not jō´kund. +<b>Jocundity</b>, <b>jocundly</b>, +<b>jocundness</b>, have also +the short o.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jugular</b>—jū´gu-lar, not jŭg´u-lar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jujube</b>—jū´jūbe, not jū´jū-be. +"Jujube paste."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Just</b>, not jĕst in such sentences +as: "I have <i>just</i> +done it;" "He has <i>just</i> +enough," etc.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>K.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Knoll</b>—nōl, not nŏl.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>L.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lamm</b>, to beat, is not spelled +lăm nor lămb.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lapel</b>—la-pĕl´, not lăp´el. +That part of a coat which +laps over the facing.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lariat</b>—lăr´i-at, not lā´ri-at. +A lasso.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lay</b>. This word in the sense +here considered is a transitive +verb, or one in which +the action or state implied +by the verb, passes over to +an object. The present +tense is <i>lay</i>; the imperfect +tense and past participle +are <i>laid</i>; and the present +participle <i>laying</i>. Requiring +an object in each of +the various meanings attached +to it, it is proper to +say: "The hen <i>lays</i> an egg +every day;" "The man <i>laid</i> +his load on the ground;" +"The rain has <i>laid</i> the +dust;" "The hunter is <i>laying</i> +a snare." The verb <i>lie</i> +is an <i>intransitive</i> verb and +can have <i>no object</i> after it. +The present tense is <i>lie</i>; the +imperfect tense is <i>lay</i>; the +past participle is <i>lain</i>; the +present participle is <i>lying</i>. +Having no objective case +to which the action or state +passes over, it is correct to +say: "Ohio <i>lies</i> north of +Kentucky;" "The sick +man <i>lay</i> upon the bed yesterday;" +"He has <i>lain</i> +there helpless for weeks;" +"The goods I bought are +<i>lying</i> on my hands." Contrasting +the sentences under +each verb it will be +readily seen that Ohio does +not <i>lie</i> Kentucky, but the +hen <i>lays</i> the egg; the invalid +did not <i>lay</i> the bed like +the man <i>laid</i> his load; he +has not <i>lain</i> anything, as +the rain has <i>laid</i> the dust; +and the goods are not <i>lying</i> +anything, as the hunter is +<i>laying</i> the snare. If the +foregoing differences have +been carefully observed, I +imagine that it will always +be easy to select the proper +word by remembering +the following rules:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>1. If the person or thing +spoken of exerts an action +that must pass over to an +object, use <i>lay</i>, <i>laid</i> and +<i>laying</i>.</p> + +<p>2. If the person or thing +spoken of exerts an action +that does not pass over to +an object, use <i>lie</i>, <i>lay</i>, <i>lain</i> +and <i>lying</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p class="indent">"He <i>laid</i> upon the bed," +then, is incorrect, for the +verb has no object. It +should be: "He <i>lay</i> upon +the bed." But, "He <i>laid</i> +<i>himself</i> upon the bed," +would be correct, for there +is an objective case, <i>himself</i>, +supplied. "Let these papers +<i>lay</i>," should be, "Let +these papers <i>lie</i>." "The +ship <i>lays</i> at anchor," should + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span> +be, "The ship <i>lies</i> at anchor." +"The ship <i>laid</i> at +anchor," should be, "The +ship <i>lay</i> at anchor." "They +have <i>laid</i> in wait for you," +should be, "They have +<i>lain</i> in wait for you." "This +trunk is <i>laying</i> in our way," +should be, "This trunk is +<i>lying</i> in our way." Errors +connected with the use of +these verbs are more common, +probably, than any +others in our language, +being detected in the conversation +and writings of +many of the best educated +people. Attention to the +above rules, and a few trial +sentences in the different +moods, tenses, numbers +and persons, ought to make +the selection of the proper +word so simple, that persons +should seldom make +mistakes.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Learn.</b> <i>Learning</i> is done by +the scholar or student, and +<i>teaching</i> by the instructor. +"She will <i>learn</i> me how to +play," should be, "She +will <i>teach</i> me how to play," +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leasing</b>—leez´ing, not lēs´ing. +An obsolete word +meaning falsehood; lying. +"Thou shalt destroy them +that speak leasing."—<i>Bible.</i></p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leg.</b> Of late years there +has become quite popular +a prudish notion that it is +indelicate to say <i>leg</i> when +one of the limbs that supports +the human body is +meant, <i>limb</i> being preferred +instead. <i>Leg</i> is certainly +a less euphonious +word than <i>limb</i>, and if the +latter had the same signification +attached to it, +there would be no objection +to its employment; +but <i>limb</i> means <i>arm</i> just as +much as it does <i>leg</i>. There +is nothing immodest in the +sound or meaning of the +word <i>leg</i>; if there were, it +would be well to speak of +the <i>limb</i> of a table, a <i>limb</i> +of mutton, or a three +<i>limbed</i> stool; and the mention +of such words as <i>legacy</i> +or <i>legate</i> should cause +the blush to rise to our +cheeks. The very use of +the word <i>limb</i> indicates +what is passing in the mind +of the speaker—a thought +of <i>leg</i>, an indelicate meaning +attached to it, and a +fear to speak the word. +The mind of the listener +is affected similarly and +the result is that a conversation +intended to be perfectly +pure, has a slight +stain left upon it. If we +could pass through life +without ever finding it necessary +to speak of our legs +to strangers, there would +be no danger of compromising +ourselves; but run-away +and other accidents + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span> +are constantly occurring in +which legs are broken or +otherwise injured. When +a surgeon is called, if he is +told that a <i>limb</i> is injured, +he has one chance in four +of guessing the riddle. It +is not always safe to trifle +thus with some of the serious, +practical old followers +of Esculapius. Before +now they have given such +rebukes as to make people +ashamed that they did not +say <i>leg</i> in the first place; +or they have left the bedside +abruptly with such a +remark as: "When you +find out whether it is your +arm or your leg, send for +me again." If people will +persist in using <i>limb</i> for +<i>leg</i>, it is to be hoped that +they will adopt some adjective +prefix to remove all +ambiguity. How would +north-east, south-east, etc., +do? Any one informed +that the <i>south-east limb</i> was +fractured, would know at +once that it was the <i>right</i> +<i>leg</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Legate</b>—lĕg´ate, not lē´gāte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Legendary</b>—lĕj´end-a-ry, +not lē´jĕnd-a-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leisure</b>—lē´zhur, not lĕzh´ur, +nor lā´zhur. <b>Leisurely</b> +(lē´zhur-ly).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Length</b>, not lĕnth. Every +letter is sounded, also, in +<b>lengthy</b>, <a name="lengthen" id="lengthen"></a><b>lengthen</b>, <b>lengthiness</b>, +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lenient</b>—lē´ni-ent, not lĕn´i-ent. +<b>Leniently</b> (lē´ni-ent-ly), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lethe</b>—lē´the, not lēth; the +<i>th</i> is as in <i>both</i>. The +mythological and poetical +name of a river of the infernal +region, the drinking +of a portion of which +caused forgetfulness of the +past.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lethean</b>—lē-thē´an, not lē´the-an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Let's.</b> It should be remembered +that <i>let's</i> is really <i>let</i> +<i>us</i>, the apostrophe denoting +the elision of the u. +Such expressions then as: +"let's us go," "let's him +and me go," should he, +"let us go" (or let's go), +and "let him and me go;" +for who wishes to say "let +us us go," or "let us him +and me go."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leverage</b>—lĕv´er-aje, not lē´ver-aje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Licorice</b>—lĭk´o-rĭs, not lĭk´er-ĭsh.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lie.</b> See <b>Lay</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lien</b>—lē´en or lī´en, not <i>leen</i>. +A charge upon property +for the satisfaction of a +debt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lighted</b> is preferable to lĭt as +the imperfect tense and +past participle of <i>light</i>. +"He <i>lighted</i> the gas," instead of, +"He <i>lit</i> the gas." +"I have <i>lighted</i> the fire," +instead of, "I have <i>lit</i> the +fire." The same remarks + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span> +apply to the imperfect and +participle of <i>light</i> taken as +an intransitive verb. "The +bird has <i>lighted</i> upon the +tree," instead of, "has <i>lit</i> +upon the tree." <i>Lit</i> is +condemned as common.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lithographer</b>—lĭ-thog´ra-pher, +not lĭth´o-grăph-er, +nor lī-thŏg´ra-pher. <b>Lithography</b> +(lĭ-thŏg´ra-phy).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Loath</b>—lōth, not lŏth; the <i>th</i> +is as in <i>both</i>. Reluctant. +Written sometimes <b>loth</b>. +The verb is <b>loathe</b>, with +the <i>th</i> as in <i>breathe</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lyceum</b>—lī-sē´um, not lī´se-um.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>M.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Machiavelian</b>—măk-i-a-vēl´ian, +not măsh-i-a-vĕl´ian. +pertaining to Machiavel; +politically cunning.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mad.</b> In the sense of provoked, +wrathful or indignant, <i>angry</i> is generally +considered the more appropriate +word. "<i>Mad as a</i> +<i>March hare</i>," is an indelicate +term that should not +be used on account of its +origin.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Madame</b>—mä-däm´, not +măd´am.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Magna Charta</b>—magna kär´ta, +not magna chär´ta.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Manes</b>—mā´nēz, not mānz. +The souls of the dead.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Manor</b>—măn´or, not mā´nor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Marigold</b>—măr´i-gold, not +mā´ri-gold.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Matin</b>—măt´in, not mā´tin.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Matins</b>—măt´inz, not mā´tinz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mattress</b>—măt´tress, not ma-trăss´. +Written also <b>matress</b> +and pronounced as +the first.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meaw</b>—mū, not meyow. To +cry like a cat.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mediocre</b>—me´di-ō-ker, not +mē-di-ō´ker, nor mē-di-ŏk´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Melange</b>—mā-lŏngzh´, not +me-lănj´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Melanotype</b>—me-lăn´o-type, +not me-lān´o-type.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Melodrama</b>—mĕl-o-drā´ma, +not mĕl-o-drăm´a, nor mĕl-o-drä´ma.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Memoir</b>—mĕm´wor or mēm´wor, +according to Webster; +Worcester gives mē-moir´ +or mĕm´wär.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mesdames</b>—mā-däm´, not +mĕz-dāmes´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Metallurgy</b>—mĕt´al-lur-jy, +not me-tăl´lur-jy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Metaphor.</b> The failure to +distinguish between metaphors +and similes, is a +very common mistake. In +a metaphor the resemblance +is implied without +any words to show the similarity; +as soon as the latter +are added it becomes a +simile. "Hope is an anchor," +and "Judah is a +lion's whelp" are metaphors. +"Hope is <i>like</i> an +anchor," and "Judah is +<i>like</i> a lion's whelp" are +similes.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span> + <b>Metrical</b>—mĕt´rik-al, not +mē´trik-al.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mezzo</b>—mĕd´zō or mĕt´zō, +not mĕz´zō. An Italian +word meaning middle; not +extreme. <b>Mezzo-soprano</b> +(mĕd´zo-so-prä´no); +between contralto and soprano; +said of the voice +of a female singer. <b>Mezzotinto</b>, +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Microscope</b>—mī´kro-scope, +not mĭk´ro-scope. <b>Microscopic</b> +(mī-kro-scŏp´ic). +<b>Microscopy</b> (mī-kros´co-py).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mien</b>—meen, not māne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mineralogy</b>—min-er-al´o-jy, +not min-er-ŏl´o-jy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Minuet</b>—mĭn´ū-et, not mĭn-ū-ĕt´. +A dance.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mischievous</b>—mĭs´che-vŭs, +not mĭs-chē´vŭs, nor mis-chē´ve-us. +<b>Mischievously</b> +and <b>mischievousness</b> are +also accented on the first +syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Modulate.</b> This word is often +used incorrectly instead +of <i>moderate</i> in such sentences +as: "<i>Modulate</i> your +voice," when it is meant to +command or request that +the tone be <i>moderated</i> or +lowered. <i>Modulate</i> means +to vary or inflect in a musical +manner, and although +the word might often be +used with propriety in +such sentences as the above, +yet it is not always what is +<i>meant</i> by the speaker. A +person's voice may be perfectly +<i>modulated</i> and yet +the tone may be so high +that it is desirable, upon +certain occasions, to have +it <i>moderated</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Moire</b>—mwôr, not mōre nor +mō´re. <b>Moire antique</b> +(mwor ăn-tēk´).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Molasses.</b> It may seem incredible +to those who have +never heard the error I am +about to mention, that such +a ridiculous blunder could +occur. I should hardly +have believed it myself, if +I had only heard <i>of</i> it; but +I was once in a portion of +the country where all the +people for miles around +spoke of molasses as if it +were a plural noun, and I +frequently heard such remarks +as the following: +"<i>These</i> molasses are very +good; <i>they</i> are the best I +have seen for some time." +I once began to remonstrate +with one of the +champions of the plurality +of the treacle, and +insisted that he should +say, "<i>this</i> molasses" and, +"<i>it</i> is good," etc.; but it +was of no avail. He insisted +that the word was +analogous to <i>ashes</i>, and if +one was plural so was the +other. There was no good +dictionary or other reliable +authority in the neighborhood, +as might be imagined + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span> +from what has been +said, so they were left happy +in their ignorance.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Monad</b>—mŏn´ad, not mō´nad. +An ultimate atom.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Monogram</b>—mŏn´o-gram, +not mō´no-gram.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Monograph</b>—mŏn´o-graph, +not mō´no-graph.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Monomania</b>—mŏn-o-mā´nia, +not mō-no-mā´nia. <b>Monomaniac</b> +(mŏn-o-mā´ni-ac).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Moor</b>—mōōr, not mōre. An +extensive waste; a heath. +<i>Moor</i>, the name of a native +of North Africa, is +similarly pronounced.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Morale</b>—mo-räl´, not mŏr´āle +nor mō-răl´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mountainous</b>—mount´ain-ous, +not moun-tā´ni-oŭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Multiplication</b>—mŭl-ti-pli-cā´tion, +not mŭl-ti-pi-cā´tion.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Murrain</b>—mŭr´rĭn, not mŭr´rāne. +A disease among cattle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Museum</b>—mu-zē´um, not +mū´ze-um.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mushroom</b>, not <i>mush-roon</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Musk-melon</b>, not <i>mush-melon</i>; +but anything before <i>mush-million</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mussulmans</b>, not <i>musselmen</i>, +is the plural of <b>Mussulman</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mythology</b>—mĭ-thŏl´o-jy, +not mī-thŏl´o-jy.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>N.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Naiad</b>—nā´yad, not nā´ĭd nor +nā´ăd. A water nymph.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nainsook</b>—nān-sōōk´, not +năn-sōōk´. A kind of +muslin.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Naive</b>—nä´ēv, not nāve nor +näve. Natural; artless.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Naivete</b>—nä´ēv-tā, not nā-vēte´ +nor nā-vē´ta.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nape</b>—nāp, not năp. The +back part of the neck.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nasal</b>—nā´zal, not nā´sal nor +năs´al.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nasturtium</b> or <b>Nasturtion</b>, +not <i>asturtion</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Negligee</b>—nĕg-li-zhā´, not +nĕg-li-jē´, nor nĕg´li-zhā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Newspaper</b>—nūz´pā-per, not +nūs´pā-per.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Niche</b>—nĭch, not nĭck, +when a concave recess in +a wall for an ornament is +meant. If a piece is +chopped roughly out of +anything, it is a <i>nick</i>. <i>Nick</i> +of time, not <i>niche</i> of time, +when a critical moment +is meant; but in figurative +language there is +no doubt that the phrase +"niche of time," may be +appropriately used. A +great event may be said to +stand in a <i>niche of time</i> as +an example for coming +ages.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nomad</b>—nŏm´ad, not nō´-mad. +One of a wandering +tribe. Written <b>nomade</b> +(nŏm´ade) also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nomenclature</b>—no-men-clā´ture, +not nō´men-clātūre.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nominative</b>, not <i>nom-a-tive</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span> + <b>Nonillion</b>—nō-nĭll´ion, not +nŏn-ĭll´ion.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nook</b>—nōōk, as given by +Webster. Worcester sanctions +both nōōk and nŏŏk.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Notable</b>—nŏt´a-ble, not nō´ta-ble, +when it is applied +to a person distinguished +for thrift, management, +care, etc.; as a <i>notable housekeeper</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nymphean</b>—nĭm-fē´an, not +nĭmf´e-an. Relating to +nymphs.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>O.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Obesity</b>—o-bĕs´i-ty, not o-bē´si-ty.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Obligatory</b>—ŏb´li-ga-to-ry, +not ŏb-lĭg´a-to-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Often</b>—ŏf´n, not ŏf´tĕn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Omega</b>—o-mē´ga or o-mĕg´a, +not ŏm´e-ga. Worcester +allows the first only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Onerous</b>—ŏn´er-ous, not +ō´ner-oŭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Only</b>—ōn´ly, not ŭn´ly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Onyx</b>—ō´nyx, not ŏn´yx.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Opal</b>—ō´-pal, not ō-păl´ nor +ō-pawl´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Opponent</b>—op-pō´nent, not +ŏp´po-nent.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ordnance</b>, not <i>ordinance</i>, +when cannon, artillery, +etc., are intended. <i>Ordinance</i> +is a rule established +by authority.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Orgeat</b>—ôr´zhat or ôr´zhā, +not ôr´je-at. Worcester +gives ôr´zhat.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Orthoepy</b>—ôr´tho-e-py, not +ôr-thō´e-py.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Orthoepist</b>—ôr´tho-e-pist, +not ôr-thō´e-pist.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Overflowed</b>, not <i>overflown</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>P.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Palaver</b>—pa-lä´ver, not pa-lăv´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pall-mall</b>—pĕl-mĕl´, not +pawl-mawl´. The name +of a game formerly played +in England; and the name +of a street in London. +Written also <i>pail-mail</i> and +<i>pell-mell</i>, both pronounced +as above. Pell-mell used +as an adverb means mixed +together in a disorderly +manner; but one person +can not rush <i>pell-mell</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Papaw</b>—pa-paw´, not pŏp´paw +as commonly called. +Written also <b>pawpaw</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Papyrus</b>—pa-pī´rus, not +păp´i-rŭs. A material +used for writing upon by +the ancients, made from +the inner bark of a plant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parent</b>—pâr´ent, not pā´rent.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parisian</b>—pa-rĭz´ian, not pa-rĭsh´ian +nor pa-rĭss´ian. +Worcester gives pa-rĭzh´i-an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Paroquet</b>—păr´o-quet, not +păr-o-kĕt´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parquet</b>—pär-kā´ or pär-kĕt´. +Worcester allows +pär-kā´ only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parquette</b>—pär-ket´, not +pär-kā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Partner</b>, not <i>pardner</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Partridge</b>, not <i>pattrij</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span> + <b>Patent.</b> The <i>adjective</i> is pronounced +either păt´ent or +pā´tent. When used as a +verb or a noun it is pronounced +păt´ent.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Patois</b>—păt-wŏ´, not păt´wŏ +nor păt-waw´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Patriot</b>—pā´tri-ot, not păt´ri-ot. +<b>Patriotic</b>, <b>patriotism</b>, +etc., have also the +long a. Worcester gives +the same with the exception +of <i>patriotic</i>, which he +pronounces both pā´tri-ot-ic +and păt´ri-ot-ic.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Patron</b>—pā´tron, not păt´ron. +<b>Patroness</b> and <b>patronless</b> +have also the long a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Patronize</b>—păt´ron-īze, not +pā´tron-īze.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Patronage</b>—păt´ron-aje, not +pā´tron-aje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pease</b>, not <i>peas</i>, when an uncounted +quantity is referred +to, as: a bushel of <i>pease</i>, a +plateful of <i>pease</i>, some +more <i>pease</i>, etc. <i>Peas</i> when +a certain number is mentioned, +as: a dozen <i>peas</i>, +fifty <i>peas</i>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pedal</b>—pĕd´al, not pē´dal, +when that portion of a +piano or harp that is acted +upon by the feet, is meant. +Pē´dal is an adjective, and +means pertaining to the +above, or to a foot.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perfect.</b> I have selected +this as the representative +of a class of adjectives that, +strictly speaking, do not +admit of comparison. I +have noticed, invariably, +that those who appear to +be so anxious to correct +the error of giving degrees +of comparison to a few +stereotyped words of this +class, such as <i>round</i>, <i>square</i>, +<i>universal</i>, <i>chief</i>, <i>extreme</i>, etc., +are singularly remiss in +calling attention to a great +many other mistakes of the +same kind that are equally +prominent. Amongst the +latter may be mentioned +the comparison of <i>correct</i>, +<i>complete</i>, <i>even</i>, <i>level</i>, <i>straight</i>, +etc. It will be admitted +that if anything is <i>perfect</i> +it can not be <i>more</i> so; and +as soon as it is <i>less</i> so it fails +to be <i>perfect</i> at all. So, if +anything is <i>correct</i> it is +perfectly free from error; +it can not be made <i>more</i> +correct, and if its correctness +is detracted from, it +is not quite correct any +longer. A <i>straight</i> line is +one that does not vary from +a perfectly <i>direct</i> course in +the slightest degree; it can +not be <i>straighter</i> and if it +could be <i>less</i> straight, it +would be <i>curved</i>. It is ridiculous +for any one to insist +upon a national reformation +of a few such errors, +and suffer a hundred +others just like them to exist +without remonstrance. +Either <i>nearer</i> and <i>nearest</i>, +<i>more nearly</i>, and <i>most nearly</i>, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span> +and the like, should be +substituted for the degrees +of comparison and used +with all such words; or +people should treat them +as all other adjectives, just +as the best writers and +speakers have always done. +The former course is the +more desirable; the latter +is certainly the more probable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perfidious</b>—per-fĭd´i-ous, +not pĕr´fĭd-oŭs. Worcester +allows per-fĭd´yŭs in +addition to the first.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Peony</b>—pē´o-ny) <b>Pæony</b> +(pē´o-ny) or <b>Piony</b> (pī´o-ny) +not pī´ny as often +called. A flower.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perambulate</b>, not <i>preambulate</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Period</b>—pē´ri-od, not pĕr´i-od. +<b>Periodic</b>, <b>Periodical</b>, +etc., have also the +long e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perspire</b>, not <i>prespire</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perspiration</b>, not <i>prespiration</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Persuade.</b> This word carries +with it the idea of success +in one's endeavors to +convince or induce. "I +<i>persuaded</i> him for a long +time, but he would not +grant my request," should +be, "I <i>tried</i> to <i>persuade</i> +him," etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Petrel</b>—pĕt´rel, not pē´trel. +A bird. Worcester allows +the latter also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Phaeton</b>—phā´et-on, not +phā'te-on. A vehicle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pharmaceutist</b>—fär-ma-sū´tĭst, +not fär-mā-kū´tist nor +fär-mā´kū-tist.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pharmacopœia</b>—fär-ma-co-pē´ya, +not fär-mā-cō´pi-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Piano</b>—pi-ä´no, not pī-ăn´o. +Worcester allows pĭ-ăn´o.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Piano-forte</b>—pĭ-ä´no-fōr´tā, +not pī-ăn´o-fōrt. Worcester +sanctions pĭ-ä´no-fōr´te, +pĭ-ăn´o-fôr-te, and remarks +in parenthesis, <i>often</i> pe-ăn´o-fōrt; +but the last pronunciation +is evidently not +preferred.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pilaster</b>—pĭ-lăs´ter, not pĭl´as-ter. +A square pillar +set into a wall and projecting +slightly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Piquant</b>—pĭk´ant, not pĭk´wănt +nor pēk´wănt. <b>Piquantly</b> +(pĭk´ant-ly), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Placard</b>—pla-kärd´, not +plăk´ard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Placid</b>—plăs´id, not plā´sid. +<b>Placidly</b> and <b>placidness</b> +have also the short a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Plait</b>—plāt, not plăt nor plēt. +A braid; or to braid. <b>Plat</b> +(plăt) is a proper word, +however, having the same +meanings, but the difference +in pronunciation must +be observed, when the +spelling is as above. <b>Plait</b>, +meaning a fold of cloth, as +in a shirt bosom, is also +pronounced plāt. How +common an error it is to + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span> +speak of the <i>pleets</i> when +alluding to such folds.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Platina</b>—plăt´i-na or pla-tē´na, +not pla-tī´na nor pla-tĭn´a. +Worcester allows +plăt´i-na only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Platinum</b>—plăt´i-num or +pla-tī´num, not pla-tē´num +nor pla-tĭn´um. Worcester +gives plăt´i-num only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Plebeian</b>—ple-bē´ian, not +plē´bi-an. Ple-bŏn´, as +some pronounce it, is outrageous, +neither French, +English, nor Hottentot.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Plenary</b>—plē´na-ry, not +plĕn´a-ry. Full; entire. +Worcester gives both methods.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Poetaster</b>—pō´et-ăs-ter, not +pō´et-tāst-er. A petty poet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Poniard</b>—pŏn´yard, not +poin´yard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Posthumous</b>—pŏst´hu-mous, +not pōst´hu-moŭs nor pŏst-ū´moŭs. +<b>Posthumously</b> +(pŏst´hu-mous-ly).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Potable</b>—pō´ta-ble, not pŏt´a-ble. +Drinkable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Potheen</b>—po-theen´, not +pŏt-teen´. When spelled +<b>potteen</b>, however, as it +may be correctly, the latter +pronunciation is proper.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prairie</b>—prā´ry, not per-rā´ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prebendary</b>—prĕb´end-a-ry, +not prē´bend-a-ry. A +clergyman of a collegiate +or cathedral church, who +enjoys a prebend.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prebend</b>—prĕb´end, not +prē´bend. A stipend.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Precedence</b>—pre-sē´dence, +not prĕs´e-dence. <b>Precedency</b> +and <b>precedently</b>, +have the second syllable +accented also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Precedent</b>—pre-sē´dent, not +prĕs´e-dent. An adjective +meaning antecedent.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Precedent</b>—prĕs´e-dent, not +pre-sē´dent nor prē´se-dent. +A noun meaning an example +or preceding circumstance. +<b>Precedented</b> and +<b>unprecedented</b> have also +the short e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Precocious</b>—pre-kō´shus, +not pre-kŏsh´ŭs. <b>Precociously</b> +and <b>precociousness</b> have also the long o.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Predatory</b>—prĕd´a-to-ry, not +prē´da-tory. Plundering; +pillaging.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Predecessor</b>—prĕd-e-cĕs´sor, +not prē-de-cĕs´sor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Preface</b>—prĕf´ace, not prē´face. +<b>Prefatory</b> (prĕf´a-to-ry).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prejudice</b>, not <i>predudice</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prelate</b>—prĕl´ate, not prē´-late.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Presage</b>, not <i>prestige</i>, when +something is meant that +foreshows a future event; +an omen. "This is a <i>presage</i> +of victory."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prescription</b>, not <i>perscription</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prestige</b>, not <i>presage</i>, when +it is meant that some one +carries weight or influence + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span> +from past deeds or successes. +"The <i>prestige</i> of the +hero's name was half the +battle."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Presentiment</b>—pre-sent´i-ment, +not pre-zent´i-ment.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pretty</b>—prĭt´ty, not prĕ´ty. +<b>Prettily</b> (prĭt´ti-ly), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Preventive</b>, not <i>preventative</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Primeval</b>—prī-mē´val, not +prĭm´e-val.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Process</b>—prŏs´ess, not prō´sess.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prodigy</b>, not <i>projidy</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Produce</b>—prŏd´uce, not +prō´dūce. The noun; the +verb is pro-dūce´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Product</b>—prŏd´uct, not prō´duct.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Progress</b>—prŏg´ress, not +pro´gress. Noun; the verb +is pro-gress´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prosody</b>—prŏs´o-dy, not +prō´so-dy nor prŏz´o-dy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Protean</b>—prō´te-an, not pro-tē´an. +Assuming different +shapes.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Protege</b> (Fr. protégé)—prō-tā-zhā´, +not prō´tēje. One +under the care of another. +<b>Protegee</b> (Fr. protégée)—prō-tā-zhā´, +feminine.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Psalm</b>—säm, not săm. +<b>Psalmist</b> (säm´ist). Worcester +gives săm´ist also for +the latter word.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Psalmody</b>—săl´mo-dy, not +säm´o-dy nor săm-o-dy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Psychical</b>—sī´kĭk-al, not +sĭk´ĭk-al nor fĭz´ĭk-al, as it +is sometimes thoughtlessly +pronounced in reading. +Pertaining to the human +soul.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pumpkin</b>, not <i>punkin</i>. <i>Pumpkin</i> +itself is a corruption +of <i>pumpion</i> or <i>pompion</i>, but +is the word that is now +generally used.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Purulent</b>—pū´ru-lent, not +pŭr´u-lent. Containing +pus or matter. <b>Purulence</b> +and <b>purulency</b> have also +the long u in the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Put</b>—pŏŏt, not pŭt. This anomalous +pronunciation is +hard for some to adopt, +the natural tendency being +to sound the <i>u</i> as it is in a +host of other words consisting +of two consonants +with a short u between +them, as: bun, but, cut, +dug, fun, gun, hut, nut, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pyrites</b>—pī-rī´tez, not pe-rī´tez, +pĭr´i-tez nor pī´rītez.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>Q.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Qualm</b>—kwäm, not kwăm. +Worcester allows kwawm +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quay</b>—kē, not kwā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Querulous</b>, means complaining, +whining, etc., and not +<i>questioning</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quinine</b>—kwī´nīne or kwĭ-nīne´, +not kwi-neen´. Worcester gives kwĭ-nīne´ or +kwĭn´īne.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quoit</b>—kwoit, not kwāte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quoth</b>—kwōth or kwŭth, not +kwŏth.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>R.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rabies</b>—rā´bi-ēz, not răb´ēz. +Madness, as that of +dogs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Radish</b>—răd´ish, not rĕd-ish.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Raillery</b>—răl´ler-y, not rāl´ler-y. +Slight ridicule; +pleasantry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Raise</b>—<b>Rise.</b> <i>Raise</i> is a +transitive verb, or one in +which the action passes +over to an object. Present +tense, <i>raise</i>; imperfect tense +and past participle, <i>raised</i>; +present participle, <i>raising</i>. +<i>Rise</i> is an intransitive verb, +the action not passing over +to an object. Present tense, +<i>rise</i>; imperfect tense, <i>rose</i>; +past participle, <i>risen</i>; present +participle, <i>rising</i>. Errors +in the use of these +words ought to be avoided +by remembering the following +rules:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>1. If the person or thing +spoken of exerts an action +that passes over to an object, +use <i>raise</i>, <i>raised</i>, and +<i>raising</i>.</p> + +<p>2. If the person or thing +spoken of exerts an action +that does not pass over to +an object, use <i>rise</i>, <i>rose</i>, +<i>risen</i>, <i>rising</i>. To avoid +further repetition in the +method I have adopted to +impress upon the mind the +difference between transitive +and intransitive verbs +by contrasted sentences, I +would refer the reader to +the remarks under <b>Lay</b>. +"I will <i>raise</i> in the morning +at five," should be, "I +will <i>rise</i>," etc. "I will +<i>raise</i> the <i>window</i>," etc., is +correct, for the action passes +to or affects the window. +"I will <i>raise myself</i> +if I have the strength" is +correct, because an object, +<i>myself</i>, is furnished. "The +price of flour is <i>raising</i>," +should be, "The price of +flour is <i>rising</i>;" but it is +right to say, "The merchants +are <i>raising</i> the price +of flour." "Gold has +<i>raised</i> in value," should +be, "Gold has <i>risen</i> in +value." "The price of +bonds <i>raised</i> in less than +an hour," should be, "The +price of bonds <i>rose</i>," etc. +"The sun is <i>raising</i>," +should be, "The sun is +<i>rising</i>." "The sun is +<i>raising</i> the temperature," +is proper. The pulse has +<i>risen</i>, but excitement has +<i>raised</i> it. The river has +<i>risen</i> in its bed and has +<i>raised</i> the canal. Birds <i>rise</i> +in the air. <i>Arise</i> can often +be appropriately substituted +for <i>rise</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rampant</b>—răm´pant, not +ram-pant´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rapine</b>—răp´ĭn, not răp´een +nor rā-peen´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Raspberry</b>—răz´ber-ry, not +răss´ber-ry nor rawz´ber-ry. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span> +Worcester gives raz´ber-ry +and räs´ber-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rational</b>—răsh´un-al, not +rā-shun-al. <b>Rationalist</b> +(răsh´un-al-ĭst), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Recess</b>—re-cĕss´, not rē´cĕss.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Recherche</b> (Fr. recherché)—rŭh-shêr-shā´, +not re-shersh´. Worcester gives +rā-sher-shā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Recluse</b>—re-kluse´, not re-kluze´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Reconnoissance</b>—re-cŏn´noĭs-sänçe, +not rek-on-nois´sançe. Worcester +gives re-cŏn´noĭs-sänçe´. +<b>Reconnaissance</b> is another +method of spelling.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Recriminations</b>, not <i>mutual</i> +<i>recriminations</i>; the word +itself tells of the <i>mutuality</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Redolent</b>—rĕd´o-lent, not +redō´lent. Diffusing odor +or fragrance.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Relevant</b>, not <i>revelant</i>. Pertinent; +applicable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Relic</b>, not <i>relict</i>, when that +which remains, a corpse, +or anything preserved in +remembrance, is meant. +<b>Relict</b> means a widow.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rendezvous</b>—rĕn´de-vōō, +not rŏn´de-vōō nor rĕn´de-vōōz. +Worcester gives +rĕn´de-vōō and rĕn´de-vōōz. +The plural is <b>rendezvouses</b> +(rĕn´de-vōōz-ez).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Requiem</b>—rē´kwi-em, not +rĕk´wĭ-em. Worcester +gives both pronunciations.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Resume</b> (Fr. résumé)—rā-zū-mā´, +not re-zūme´ nor +re-zū´mā. Worcester gives +rez-u-mā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Reticule</b>, not <i>ridicule</i>, when +a little bag of net-work is +meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Reveille</b>—re-vāl´yā, not rev-a-lē´. +Worcester gives the +first and re-vāl´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ribald</b>—rĭb´ald, not rī´bald. +Low; obscene. <b>Ribaldry</b> +(rĭb´ald-ry).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rinse</b>—rĭnss, not rĕnse nor +wrĕnch. "<i>Wrench</i> your +mouth," said an uneducated +dentist to a patient +after <i>wrenching</i> out a large +molar. "Thank you," replied +the patient. "<i>You</i> +have done that, but I'll +<i>rinse</i> it, if you please."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ripples</b>, not <i>riffles</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Romance</b>—ro-manss´, not +rō´manss.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Roseate</b>—rō´ze-at, not rōz´āte. +Worcester gives rō´zhe-at +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Roue</b> (Fr. roué)—rōō-ā´, not +rōō. Worcester gives +rōō´ā.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>S.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sacerdotal</b>—săs-er-dō´tal, +not sā-ser-dō´tal, sā-ker-dō´tal +nor săk-er-dō´tal.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sacrament</b>—săk´ra-ment, +not sā´kra-ment. <b>Sacramental</b> +(săk´ra-ment-al), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sacrifice</b>—săk´rĭ-fīz, not +săk´rĭ-fĭs nor săk´rĭ-fīse. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span> +Verb and noun the same. +<b>Sacrificing</b> (săk´rĭ-fī-zĭng), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sacristan</b>—săk´rist-an, not +sā´krist-an nor sā-krĭs´tan. +<b>Sacristy</b> (săk´rist-y).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Salam</b>—sa-läm´, not sa-lăm´. +Written <b>salaam</b> also, and +pronounced similarly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Saline</b>—sa-līne´ or sā´līne, +not sā-lēēn´. Worcester +gives sa-līne´ only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Salve</b>—säv, not săv. Worcester +gives sälv also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Samaritan</b>—sa-măr´i-tan, +not sa-mā´ri-tan.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sanitary</b>, not <i>sanatory</i>, when +<i>pertaining</i> to health is +meant. <b>Sanatory</b> is more +restricted in its application, +and means healing; +curative.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Saracen</b>—săr´a-sen, not săr´a-ken.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sarsaparilla</b>—sär-sa-pa-rĭl´la, +not săs-sa-pa-rĭl´la, nor +sär-sa-fa-rĭl´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Satyr</b>—sā´tur, according to +Webster. Worcester gives +săt´ir also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Saucy</b>—saw´sy, not <i>sassy</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Said.</b> <i>Said</i> (sĕd), not says +(sĕz), in speaking of past +remarks. Many of the +most cultivated people are +guilty of this vulgarism. +"'I will call to see you +soon,' <i>sez</i> he." "'I will +be glad to see you at any +time,' <i>sez</i> I." Where the +details of a long conversation +are given the frequent +repetition of <i>sez</i>, or even +<i>said</i>, is very grating to the +refined ear. The use of +<i>asked</i>, <i>inquired</i>, <i>remarked</i>, +<i>suggested</i>, <i>answered</i>, <i>replied</i>, +etc., instead, has a pleasing +effect upon narrative +or anecdote. It is preferable, +also, to give the <i>exact</i> +<i>words</i> of the speaker after +<i>said</i>, etc., as: "When he +had finished reading the +letter, he said: 'I will attend +to the business the +first leisure moment I +have.'" When the word +<i>that</i> follows the <i>said</i>, the +substance only of the remark +may be given, as +"He said that he would +attend to the business the +first leisure moment he +had." Whichever form +is used in narrative, it is +not at all harmonious to +give the <i>exact words</i> of one +speaker and only the substance +of the remarks of +another, at least without +regard to regularity in +alternation.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Schism</b>—sĭzm, not skĭsm.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Seckel</b>, not sĭck-el. A kind +of pear.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>See.</b> It is not uncommon +to meet with people that +incorrectly use <i>see</i> in the +imperfect tense, as: "I <i>see</i> +him yesterday," instead of, +"I <i>saw</i> him yesterday." +See is never used in any +tense but the present, without + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span> +an auxiliary, as did, +shall, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Seignior</b>—sēn´yur, not sān´yor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Seine</b>—sēn, not sān. A net +for catching fish.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Senile</b>—sē´nīle, not sĕn´īle. +Pertaining to old age.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Separate</b>, not <i>seperate</i>. The +loss of the a is not noticed +in the pronunciation, but +the mistake frequently occurs +in writing this word +as it does in the words <b>inseparable</b>, +<b>inseparableness</b>, +<b>separation</b>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Servile</b>—sër´vĭl, not sër´vīle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Set.</b> Noun. There are +many who incorrectly use +<i>sett</i> in writing of a <i>set</i> of +dishes, a <i>set</i> of chess-men, +a <i>set</i> of teeth, or of some +other collection of things +of the same kind. A <b>sett</b> +is a piece placed upon the +head of a pile for striking +upon, when the pile can +not be reached by the +weight or hammer.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Set</b>—<b>Sit.</b> Blunders in the +use of these words are +amongst the most common +we have. <i>Set</i>, as we shall +first consider it, is a transitive +verb, or one in which +the action passes over to an +object. Present tense, <i>set</i>; +imperfect tense and past +participle, <i>set</i>; present participle, +<i>setting</i>. <i>Sit</i> is an +intransitive verb, or one +which has no object after +it. Present tense, <i>sit</i>; imperfect +tense and past participle, +<i>sat</i>; present participle, +<i>sitting</i>.</p> + +<p class="indent">To avoid repetition as +much as possible, I would +refer any one to whom the +explanation here given is +not perfectly clear, to the +rules and remarks under +<b>Lay</b> and <b>Raise</b>, which are +equally applicable here. +"Will you <i>set</i> on this +chair?" should be, "Will +you <i>sit</i> on this chair?" +"Will you <i>set</i> this <i>chair</i> +in the other room?" is +correct. "I <i>set</i> for my +picture yesterday," should +be, "I <i>sat</i>," etc. "This +hat <i>sets</i> well," should be, +"This hat <i>sits</i> well." +"Court <i>sets</i> next month," +should be, "Court <i>sits</i> next +month." "The hen has +been <i>setting</i> for a week," +should be, "The hen has +been <i>sitting</i>," etc. "As +cross as a <i>setting</i> hen," +should be, "As cross as a +<i>sitting</i> hen." But a person +may <i>set</i> a hen; that is, +place her in position on +eggs. One <i>sits</i> up in a +chair, but he <i>sets</i> up a +post. One <i>sits</i> down on +the ground, but he <i>sets</i> +down figures. <i>Set</i> is also +an intransitive verb and +has special meanings attached +to it as such, but +they may be readily understood + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span> +by a little study +of the dictionary, and no +confusion need arise. The +sun <i>sets</i>. Plaster of Paris +<i>sets</i>. A setter dog <i>sets</i>. +One <i>sets</i> out on a journey. +<i>Sit</i> may also be used in +two senses as a transitive +verb, as: "The general +<i>sits</i> his horse well," and +"The woman <i>sat</i> herself +down."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sew</b>—sō, not sū.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shampoo</b>, not <i>shampoon</i>. +<b>Shampooing.</b> Written also +<b>champoo</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shekel</b>—shĕk´el, not shē´kel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shumac</b>—shū´mak, not shū-mak´. +Written also <b>sumac</b> +and <b>sumach</b>, both accented +on the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sick</b> <i>of</i>, not sick <i>with</i>, as sick +<i>of</i> a fever.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sienna</b>—si-ĕn´na, not <i>senna</i>, +when paint is meant. <b>Senna</b> +is a plant used as medicine.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Simultaneous</b>—sī-mul-tā´ne-ous, +not sĭm´ul-tā´ne-oŭs. +<b>Simultaneously</b> (sī-mul-tā´ne-ous-ly), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Since</b>, not <i>sence</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sinecure</b>—sī´ne-cure, not +sĭn´e-cure. An office which +yields revenue without labor.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sit.</b> See <b>Sat</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Slake</b>—slāke, not slăk, when +the word is spelled as +given, as: <i>slaked</i> lime, to +<i>slake</i> one's thirst, etc. If +spelled <b>slack</b>, the ordinary +pronunciation is right.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Slough</b>—slow, not slōō nor +slō. A mudhole. Written +<b>sloo</b> (slōō) also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Slough</b>—slŭf, not as above. +The cast skin of a serpent. +Dead flesh which separates +from the living. The verb +expressing this action is +pronounced the same.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sobriquet</b>—so-bri-kā´, not +written <i>soubriquet</i>. Worcester +pronounces it sŏb´rē-kā´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Soften</b>—sŏf´fn, not sawf´ten.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sonnet</b>—sŏn´net, not sŭn´net.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Soot</b>—sōōt or sŏŏt, not sŭt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Soporific</b>—sŏp-o-rĭf´ik, not +sō-por-ĭf´ik.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sotto voce</b>—sŏt´tō vō´chā, +not sŏt´to vōs´ nor sŏt´tō +vō´sē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Souse</b>—souss, not sowze. +To plunge into water.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spasmodic</b>, not <i>spasmotic</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spectacles</b>—spĕk´ta-kls, not +spĕk´tĭk´els.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spermaceti</b>—sperm-a-sē´tĭ, +not sperm-a-çĭt´y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spider</b>, not <i>spiter</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Splenetic</b>—splĕn´e-tic, not +sple-nĕt´ic. Fretful; peevish.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spoliation</b>—spō-li-ā´tion, +not spoil-a´tion.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Spurious</b>—spū´ri-ous, not +spŭr´i-oŭs. <b>Spuriously</b> +(spū´ri-ous-ly), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Statical</b>—stăt´i-cal, not stā´ti-cal. +Pertaining to bodies +at rest.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span><b> + Stationery</b>, not <i>stationary</i>, +when paper, envelopes, ink, +etc., are meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Statue</b>, not <i>statute</i>, when a +carved image is meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Statute</b>, not <i>statue</i>, when a +law or decree is meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stearine</b>—stē´a-rĭn, not stĕr´ĭn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stereoscope</b> (stē´re-o-scope), +<b>Stereotype</b> (stē´re-o-type), +etc., according to Webster; +and stĕr´e-o-scope, stĕr´-e-o-type, +etc., according to +Worcester.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stolid</b>—stŏl´id, not stō´lid. +Stupid; dull.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stratum</b>—strā´tum, not +străt´um. <b>Strata</b> (strā´ta), +the Latin plural is used +much more than the English +<b>stratums</b>. Errors like +"a <i>strata</i> of gravel," are +also not infrequently +heard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Strategic</b>—stra-tē´jik, not +străt´e-jĭk. <b>Strategical</b> +(stra-tē´ji-cal) and <b>strategist</b> +(străt´e-jist). Worcester +gives stra-tĕj´ic and +stra-tĕj´i-cal.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Strum</b> or <b>Thrum</b> should be +used, and not <i>drum</i>, when +the noisy and unskillful +fingering of a musical instrument +is meant.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stupendous</b>—stu-pen´dŭs, +not stu-pĕn´jŭs nor stu-pĕn´de-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Suavity</b>—swăv´ĭ-ty, not +swäv´ĭ-ty nor suăv´i-ty.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Subtraction</b>, not <i>substraction</i>, +when the act of deducting +is meant. <b>Substraction</b> +is a law term meaning the +withholding of some right, +for which, however, the +word <i>subtraction</i> is also +used. <b>Subtract</b>, not <i>substract</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Subtile</b>—sŭb´tĭl, not sŭt´tle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Subtle</b>—sŭt´tle, not sŭb´tle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Suffice</b>—sŭf-fīz´, not sŭf-fīs´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Suicidal</b>—sū-i-sī´dal, not sū-ĭs´i-dal. +Worcester placed +the principal accent on the +first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Suite</b>—sweet, not sūte. +When the word <b>suit</b> is +used, however, the latter +pronunciation is correct.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sulphurous</b>—sŭl´phur-ŭs, +not sul-phū´rŭs nor sŭl-phū´re-us. +<b>Sulphureous</b> +is another word.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Summoned</b>, not <i>summonsed</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Supersede</b>, <b>superseded</b>, <b>superseding</b>. +Observe the +s in the penultimate. It is +a common error to write +<i>supercede</i>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Supposititious</b>—sup-pos-i-tĭ´shus, +not sup-po-sĭ´shus. +Put by a trick in the place +of another, as, a <i>supposititious</i> +child, a <i>supposititious</i> +record.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Surtout</b>—sŭr-tōōt´, not sŭr-towt´ +nor sŭr´tōōt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Swath</b>—swawth, not swawthe. +Worcester gives swŏth. +The sweep of the scythe +in mowing.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span>T.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tabernacle</b>—tăb´er-na-cle, +not tăb´er-năk´cle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tapestry</b>—tăp´es-try, not +tā´pĕs-try.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tarlatan</b>—tär´la-tan, not +tärl´tun. <b>Tartan</b> is a different +material.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tarpaulin</b>—tär-paw´lin, not +tär-pō´lin. Written also +<b>tarpauling</b> and <b>tarpawling</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tartaric</b>—tar-tăr´ic, not tar-tär´ic. +Pertaining to or +obtained from tartar, as +<i>tartaric</i> acid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tassel</b>—tăs´sel, not taw´sel. +Worcester gives tŏs´sl also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tatterdemalion</b>—tăt-ter-de-măl´ion, +not tăt-ter-de-māl´ion.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Telegraphy</b>—te-lĕg´ra-phy, +not tĕl´e-grăph-y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Telegraphist</b>—te-lĕg´ra-phist, +not tel´e-grăph-ist. +A telegraphic operator. +No such word as <i>telegrapher</i> +is given.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Terpsichorean</b>—terp-sĭk-o-rē´an, +not terp-si-kō´re-an. +Relating to <b>Terpsichore</b> +(terp-sik´o-re), the muse +who presided over dancing.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tete-a-tete</b>—tāt-ä-tāt´, not +teet-ä-teet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Theatre</b> or <b>theater</b>—thē´a-ter, +not the-ā´ter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Threshold</b>—thrĕsh´ōld, not +thrĕz´ōld nor thrĕz´hold. +Worcester gives thrĕsh´hold.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Thyme</b>—tīm, not as spelled.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tic-douloureux</b>—tĭk´dōō-lōō-rōō´, +not -dŏl-o-rōō´ +nor -dō-lō-rōō´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tiny</b>—tī´ny, not tee´ny nor +tĭn´y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tolu</b>—to-lū´, not tū´lū.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tomato</b>—to-mā´to or to-mä´to, +not to-măt´o.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Topographic</b>—tŏp-o-graph´ic, +not tō-po-grăph´ic. +<b>Topographical</b> and <b>topographically</b> +have also the +short o in the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tour</b>—tōōr, not towr.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tournament</b>—tür´na-ment +according to Webster. Worcester +gives tōōr´na-ment +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Toward</b> and <b>towards</b>—tō´-ward +and tō´wardz, not to-ward´ +and to-wardz´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tragacanth</b>—trăg´a-kănth, +not trăj´a-sĭnth nor trăg´a-sănth. +A gum used for +mucilage.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Traverse</b>—trăv´erse, not +tra-verse´. <b>Traversable</b>, +<b>traversing</b> and <b>traversed</b> +have also the accent on +the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tremendous</b>—tre-mĕn´dŭs, +not tre-mĕn´de-ŭs nor tre-mĕn´jŭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Trilobite</b>—trī´lo-bīte, not +trĭl´o-bīte nor trŏl´lo-bīte, +as it is often called.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Troche</b>—trō´kee, not trōsh, +trō´she, trōke nor trŏtch. +Plural, <b>troches</b> (trō´keez). +A lozenge composed of sugar, +mucilage and medicine, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span> +as: <i>bronchial troches</i>. +<b>Trochee</b>—trō´kee, is a +foot in poetry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Truculent</b>—trū´ku-lent, not +trŭk´u-lent.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Truths</b>—truths, not truthz, +is the plural of <b>truth</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tryst</b>—trĭst, not trīst. An +appointment to meet. +<b>Tryster</b> (trĭst´er), <b>trysting</b> +(trĭst´ing).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Turbine</b>—tür´bĭn, not tür´-bīne. +A kind of water +wheel.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>U.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Umbrella</b>—um-brĕl´la, not +um-ber-rĕl´ nor um-ber-rĕl´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Upas</b>—ū´păs, not ū´paw nor +ū´pawz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Usurp</b>—yū-zurp´, not yū-surp´. +<b>Usurper</b> (yū-zurp´er), +etc.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>V.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vagary</b>—va-gā´ry, not vā´-ga-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Valenciennes</b>—va-lĕn´si-ĕnz´, +not văl-ĕn-seenz´. A +French lace.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Valleys</b>, not <i>vallies</i>, is the +plural of <b>valley</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vamos</b> (vä´mōs), or <b>vamose</b> +(va-mōse´), not vam-moos´. +To depart. (Inelegant.)</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vase</b>, according to Webster; +vāse or vāze, according to +Worcester. The pronunciations +väz and vawz are +alluded to but not recommended.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vehemence</b>—vē´he-mence, +not ve-hē´mence nor ve-hĕm´ence. +<b>Vehemently</b> +and <b>vehement</b> have also +the accent on the first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vermicelli</b>—-vër-me-chĕl-lĭ +or vër-me-sĕl´lĭ, not vêr-me-sĭl´ly. +Worcester sanctions +the first method only.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Veterinary</b>—vĕt´er-ĭn-a-ry, +not ve-tĕr´in-a-ry.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vicar</b>—vĭk´ar, not vī´kar. +<b>Vicarage</b> and <b>vicarship</b> +have also the short i in the +first syllable.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Violent</b> (vī´o-lent), <b>violence</b> +(vī´o-lence), <b>violet</b> (vī´o-let), +<b>violin</b> (vī-o-lĭn´), etc., +not voi´o-lent, voi´o-lence, +voi´o-let, voi-o-lin´, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Viscount</b>—vī´kount, not vĭs´kount. +<b>Viscountess</b> (vī´kountess), +etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Visor</b>—vĭz´or, not vī´zor.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>W.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Wake</b>, etc. <i>Wake</i> is both a +transitive and an intransitive +verb. Present tense, +<i>wake</i>; imperfect and past +participle, <i>waked</i>; present +participle, <i>waking</i>. <i>Awake</i> +is also both transitive and +intransitive. Present, +<i>awake</i>; imperfect, <i>awoke</i> or +<i>awaked</i>; participles, <i>awaked</i> +and <i>awaking</i>. <i>Awaken</i> is +another verb, both transitive +and intransitive. Present, +<i>awaken</i>; imperfect and + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span> +past participle, <i>awakened</i>; +present participle, <i>awakening</i>. +Thus it is seen that +we have a great many +words to express the fact +of <i>being</i> in a conscious +state, and the arousing of +a person who is asleep. +With a little attention +there is no reason for committing +an error in the +use of these words. One +may say that he <i>waked</i>, +<i>awoke</i>, or <i>awakened</i> early +in the morning, but it is +wrong to say that he <i>woke</i> +in the morning, or that he +<i>woke</i> another; for there is +no such word as <i>woke</i>. "I +<i>wakened</i> at five o'clock," +should be, "I <i>awakened</i> at +five o'clock;" for there is +no such word as <i>wakened</i>. +<i>Up</i> is used only with <i>wake</i>, +<i>waked</i> and <i>waking</i>, but +even then it is one of our +most senseless superfluities. +There is no stronger +meaning in the assertion +that a man was <i>waked up</i>, +than that he was <i>waked</i> or +<i>awakened</i>. If <i>waking up</i> +meant to <i>wake</i> and make +<i>get up</i>, it would be different, +but it does not. One +may be <i>waked up</i> and it is +just as likely that he will +go to sleep again as if +he were simply <i>awakened</i>. +<i>Awake</i> and <i>awaken</i> are +more elegant words than +<i>wake</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Wassail</b>—wŏs´sĭl, not wăs´sĭl. +A festive occasion, +carousal, the song sung at +such a time, etc. The verb +and the adjective are +spelled and pronounced +similarly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Water</b>—waw´ter, not wŏt´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Welsh</b>, not <i>Welch</i>. The latter +word is seldom used. +<b>Welshman</b>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Whinny</b>, not <i>winny</i>, when the +cry of a horse is spoken of.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Whisk</b>, not <i>whist</i>, when +a small hand-broom is +meant. <b>Wisp</b>, however, +is a proper word, meaning +the same thing.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Whiting</b> is preferable to +<i>whitening</i>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Widow.</b> It is not necessary +to say <i>widow woman</i>; no +one will suspect her of +being a man.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Wrestle</b>—rĕs´l, not răs´sl.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>Y.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Yacht</b>—yŏt, not yăt. <b>Yachting</b> +(yŏt´ing), etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Yeast</b>—yēst, not ēst.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Yellow</b>—yĕl´lō, not yăl´lō.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<p>Z.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zoology</b>—zo-ŏl´o-jy, not zōō-ŏl´o-jy. +<b>Zoological</b> (zo-o-lŏj´i-cal), etc.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p> +<h2>SCRIPTURAL, MYTHOLOGICAL AND<br /> +OTHER PROPER NAMES.</h2> + +<p>In the vocabulary just completed, it has been the +design to point out the majority of errors occurring +in the pronunciation of the words usually selected by +people of fair or excellent education to carry on ordinary +English discourse. In the portion of the +work now under consideration, nothing like such +thoroughness is contemplated.</p> + +<p>After a moment's reflection, it will appear to any +one, that to mention the thousands upon thousands +of proper names, the erroneous pronunciation of +which is rather to be expected than the correct, +would require an elaborate volume. Every one who +has striven to become a fine orthoepist has longed +for the ability to comprehend the pronunciation of +that myriad of names, any one of which is apt to +confront him in any book or paper he may chance +to pick up. But to become a proficient in this respect +would require years of study and a knowledge +of the principles of many foreign languages.</p> + +<p>Amongst geographical names, for example, who +but the specially instructed would think of pronouncing + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span> +correctly <i>Goes</i> (<span class="smcap">h</span>ŏŏce), <i>Gelves</i> +(<span class="smcap">h</span>ĕl´vĕs) +or <i>Jalapa</i> (<span class="smcap">h</span>ä-lä´pä); or amongst biographical +names, <i>Gaj</i> (gī), <i>Geel</i> (<span class="smcap">h</span>āl) or <i>Geijer</i> (gī'er).</p> + +<p>It is fortunate for the reputation of those who bear +the name of being good scholars, that errors in the +pronunciation of most proper names are excusable, +which is not the case with the mistakes that have +before been laid down. But there are some proper +names, of such constant occurrence in daily lectures, +reading and conversation, that errors connected with +them are not to be overlooked. It is the intention +here, simply to call attention to the more common of +these, and to lead the reader to appreciate the fact +that if one depends upon the usual power of the English +letters to gain a correct pronunciation of +proper names, he will be more often led astray than +otherwise.</p> + +<p>The Authorities consulted are the best—Webster, +Worcester, Lippincott's Universal Pronouncing Dictionary +of Biography and Mythology and Lippincott's +Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p> +<h2>SCRIPTURAL NAMES.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Abednego</b>—a-bĕd´ne-gō, not +ăb-ĕd-nē´go.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Abiathar</b>—a-bī´a-thar, not +ab-i-ā´thar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adonibezek</b>—a-dŏn-i-bē´zĕk, +not a-dŏn´i-be-zek.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adonijah</b>—ad-o-nī´jah, not +a-dŏn´i-jah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Agee</b>—ăg´e-ē, not ā´jē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ahasuerus</b>—a-hăs-u-ē´rus, +not a-haz-u-ĕr´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aijalon</b>—ăj´a-lon, not ā´ja-lon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Akrabattine</b>—ăk-ra-băt-tī´ne, +not ăk-ra-băt´i-ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alpheus</b>—ăl-phē´us, not ăl´phe-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amasai</b>—a-măs´a-ī, not ăm-a-sā´ī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Andronicus</b>—an-dron-ī´cus, +not an-drŏn´i-cus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Antiochia</b>—an-ti-o-kī´a, not +an-ti-ō´kia.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ararat</b>—ăr´a-răt, not ā´ra-răt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arimathea</b>—ăr´i-ma-thē´a, +not ăr-i-mā´the-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aristobulus</b>—ăr-is-to-bū´lus, +not ar-is-tŏb´u-lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aroer</b>—ăr´o-er, not a-rō´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aroerite</b>—ăr´o-er-īte, not +a-rō´er-ĭte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asarael</b>—a-săr´a-el, not az-a-rā´el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asmodeus</b>—az-mo-dē´us, not +az-mō´de-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Beelzebub</b>—be-ĕl´ze-bub, +not bĕl´ze-bub.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Belial</b>—bē´li-al, not be-lī´al.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bethhaccerem</b>—bĕth-hăk´se-rem, +not beth-hăs´se-rem.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bethphage</b>—bĕth´pha-jē, not +bĕth´phāje.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bethuel</b>—be-thū´el, not +bĕth´u-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cainan</b>—ka-ī´nan, not kā´nan.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cherub</b> (a city)—kē´rub, not +chĕr´ub.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chittim</b>—kĭt´tim, not chĭt´tim.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chloe</b>—klō´e, not klō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Crates</b>—krā´tēz, not krātz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyprians</b>—sĭp´ri-anz, not +sī´pri-anz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Delilah</b>—dĕl´i-lah, not de-lī´lah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ecbatana</b>—ek-băt´a-na, not +ek-ba-tā´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eloi</b>—e-lō´ī not ē´loi.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Esther</b>—ĕs´ter, not ĕs´ther.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eumenes</b>—ū´me-nēz, not +ū-mē´nēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span> + <b>Gennesaret</b>—gĕn-nĕs´a-rĕt, +not jĕn-nĕs´a-ret.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gerar</b>—geĕ´rar, not jē´rar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Idumea</b>—ĭd-u-mē´a, not ī-du-mē´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iturea</b>—ĭt-u-rē´a, not ī-tu-rē´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jacubus</b>—ja-kū´bus, not jăk´u-bus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jadau</b>—ja-dā´u, not jăd´a-u.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jairus</b> (Old Test.)—jā´i-rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jairus</b> (New Test.)—jā-ī´rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jearim</b>—jē´a-rĭm, not je-ā´rim.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jeiel</b>—je-ī´el, not jē´el nor +jī´el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jephthae</b>—jĕph´tha-ē, not +jĕph´tha.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jeshohaiah</b>—jĕsh-o-ha-ī´ah, +not jĕsh-o-hā´yah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Keilah</b>—kē´lah, not kī´lah +nor ke-ī´lah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Kolaiah</b>—kŏl-a-ī´ah, not kŏl-ā´yah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Labana</b>—lăb´a-na, not la-bā´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lebanah</b>—lĕb´a-nah, not le-bā´nah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Magdalene</b>—măg-da-lē´ne, +not măg´da-lēne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mahalath</b>—mā´ha-lath, not +ma-hā´lath.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mardocheus</b>—mar-do-kē´us, +not mar-dō´ke-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Matthias</b>—măth-thī´as, not +măth´thi-as.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meremoth</b>—mĕr´e-moth, not +me-rē´moth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meshach</b>—mē´shăk, not +mĕsh´ak.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Methuselah</b>—me-thū´se-lah, +not mĕth-ū´ze-lah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Moosias</b>—mo-o-sī´as, not +mō´si-as.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nebuchadnezzar</b>—nĕb´u-kăd-nez´zar, +not ne-bŭk´kad-nez´zar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Orthosias</b>—ôr-tho-sī´as, not +ôr-thō´si-as.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Othonias</b>—ŏth-o-nī´as, not +ŏth-ō´ni-as.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Oziel</b>—ō´zi-el, not ō-zī´el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Penuel</b>—pe-nū´el, not pĕn´ū-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perseus</b>—për´sūs, not për´se-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pethuel</b>—pe-thū´el, not +pĕth´u-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Phanuel</b>—pha-nū´el, not +phăn´u-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pharaoh</b>—phā´rō or phā´ra-ō, +not phăr´ō nor phăr´a-ō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Philippi</b>—phĭ-lĭp´pi, not +phĭl´lip-pi.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Philistine</b>—phĭ-lĭs´tĭn, not +phĭl´ĭs-tīne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pontius</b>—pŏn´shĭ-us, not +pŏn´ti-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Raguel</b>—ra-gū´el, not răg´u-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sabachthani</b>—sā-băk-thā´nī, +not sa-băk´tha-nī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sathrabuzanes</b>—săth-ra-bu-zā´nēz, +not săth-răb´u-zānz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shabbethai</b>—shăb-bĕth´a-ī, +not shăb-bĕth-ā´ī</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shadrach</b>—shā´drăk, not +shăd´răk. </p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span> + <b>Shemiramoth</b>—she-mĭr´a-moth, +not shĕm-i-rā´moth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shemuel</b>—she-mū´el, not +shĕm´ū-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sinai</b>—sī´ā, not sī´nā-ī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zaccheus</b>—zak-kē´us, not +zăk´ke-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zerubbabel</b>—zē-rŭb´ba-bel, +not ze-rub-bā´bel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zipporah</b>—zĭp-pō´rah, not +zĭp´po-rah.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></span></p> +<h2>GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES—MYTHOLOGICAL,<br /> +ETC.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Actæon</b>—ăk-tē´on, not ăk´te-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adonis</b>—a-dō´nis, not a-dŏn´is.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alcides</b>—ăl-sī´dēz, not ăl´si-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amphion</b>—ăm-phī´on, not +ăm´phi-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amphitrite</b>—ăm-phi-trī´te, +not ăm´phi-trīte nor am-phĭt´ri-te.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Anabasis</b>—a-năb´a-sis, not +an-a-bā´sis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Antiope</b>—ăn-tī´o-pe, not ăn´ti-ōpe +nor ăn-ti-ō´pe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Anubis</b>—a-nū´bis, not ăn´u-bis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arion</b>—a-rī´on, not ā´ri-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aristides</b>—ar-is-tī´dēz, not +ar-ĭs´ti-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aristogiton</b>—a-ris-to-jī´ton, +not ar-is-tŏj´i-ton.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Belides</b> (singular, masculine)—bĕ-lī´dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Belides</b> (plural, female descendants +of Belus)—bĕl´-i-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bellerophon</b>—bel-lĕr´o-phon, +not bel-ler-ō´phon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cæculus</b>—sĕk´u-lus, not sē´ku-lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Calliope</b>—kal-lī´o-pe, not +kal-li-ō´pe nor kăl´li-ōpe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caucasus</b>—kaw´ka-sus, not +kaw-kā´sus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Charon</b>—kā´ron, not chā´ron +nor chăr´on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chæronea</b>—ker-o-nē´a, not +cher-o-nē´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chimera</b>—ke-mē´ra, not +kĭm´er-a nor chī-mĕr´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Codrus</b>—kō´drus, not kŏd´rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Corcyra</b>—kor-sī´ra, not +kor´si-ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Coriolanus</b>—ko-ri-o-lā´nus, +not kor-i-ŏl´a-nus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Crete</b>—krē´te, not kreet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyclades</b>—sĭk´la-dēz, not +sī´kla-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyclops</b>—sī´klops, not sĭk´lops.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyclopes</b>—sī´klo-pēz, not +sī´klōps.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyrene</b>—sī-rē´ne, not +sĭ-rēne´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cyzicus</b>—sĭz´i-kus, not sĭ-zī´kus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Danaides</b>—da-nā´ĭ-dez, not +da-nī´dez.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Darius</b>—da-rī´us, not dā´ri-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span> + <b>Deianira</b>—de-ī-an-ī´ra, not +de-yan-ī´ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Diodorus</b>—dī-o-dō´rus, not +dī-ŏd´o-rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Diomedes</b>—dī-o-mē´dēz, not +dī-ŏm´e-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dodonæus</b>—do-do-nē´us, not +do-dō´ne-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Echo</b>—ē´ko, not ĕk´ko.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Endymion</b>—en-dĭm´i-on, not +en-dī´mi-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Epirus</b>—e-pī´rus, not ĕp´i-rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Erato</b>—ĕr´a-to, not e-rā´to.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eumenes</b>—ū´me-nēz, not +ū-mē´nēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Euripus</b>—ū-rī´pus, not ū´ri-pus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eurydice</b>—ū-rĭd´i-se, not +ū´ri-dīce´ nor ū-ri-dī´se.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ganymedes</b>—gan-ĭ-mē´dēz, +not gan-ĭ-mēdz´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Geryon</b>—jē´rĭ-on, not je-rī´on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Halcyone</b>—hăl-sī´o-ne, not +hăl´si-ōne nor hal-si-ō´ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hebe</b>—hē´be, not hēb´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hecate</b>—hĕk´a-te or hĕk´at, +not hē´kāte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hecuba</b>—hĕk´u-ba, not he-kū´ba.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Helena</b>—hēl´en-a, not he-lē´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hermione</b>—-hĕr-mī´o-ne, not +hĕr´mi-ōne nor hĕr-mi-ō´ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Herodotus</b>—he-rŏd´o-tus, +not her-o-dō´tus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hiero</b>—hī´er-o, not hī-ē´ro.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hippocrene</b>—hip-po-krē´ne, +not hip-pŏk´re-ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hippodromus</b>—hip-pŏd´ro-mus, +not hip-po-drō´mus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Icarus</b>—ĭk´a-rus, not īk-ā´-rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iolaus</b>—ī-o-lā´us, not ī-ō´la-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iphiclus</b>—ĭph´i-klus, not ĭph-ī´klus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iphigenia</b>—ĭph-i-je-nī´a, not +ĭph-i-jē´ni-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irene</b>—ī-rē´ne, not ī-rēne´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ithome</b>—i-thō´me, not īth´o-me.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lachesis</b>—lăk´e-sis, not la-kĕ´sis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Laocoon</b>—la-ŏk´o-on,not lā-o-kōōn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lethe</b>—lē´the, not lēth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leucothoe</b>—lū-kŏth´o-e, not +lū-kō´tho-e nor lū-ko-thō´e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Libitina</b>—lĭb-i-tī´na, not li-bĭt´i-na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lycaon</b>—lī-kā´on, not lĭk´a-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lyceus</b>—lī-sē´us, not lĭs´e-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meleager</b>—mē-le-ā´ger, not +me-le-ā´jer nor me-lē´a-jer.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meroe</b>—mĕr´o-e, not me-rō´e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mitylene</b>—mĭt-ĭ-lē´ne, not +mĭt´i-lēne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Myrmidones</b>—myr-mĭd´o-nēz, +not myr´mĭ-dōnz nor +myr-mĭ-dō´nēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Naiades</b>—nā-ī´a-dēz, not +nā´a-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nemesis</b>—nĕm´e-sis, not ne-mē´sis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nereides</b>—ne-rē´i-dēz, not +nēr´yi-dēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nereus</b>—nē´rūs, not ne-rē´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span> + <b>Nicæa</b>—ni-sē´a, not nĭs´e-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nundina</b>—nŭn´di-na, not +nun-dī´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Oceanus</b>—o-sē´a-nus, not +o-se-ā´nus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ocypete</b>—o-sĭp´e-te, not o-si-pē´te.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Œdipus</b>—ĕd´i-pus, not ē´di-pus +nor e-dī´pus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Opigena</b>—o-pĭj´e-na, not op-i-jē´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Orion</b>—o-rī´on, not ō´ri-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pactolus</b>—pak-tō´lus, not +păk´to-lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Palæmon</b>—pa-lē´mon, not +păl´e-mon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parrhasius</b>—par-rā´she-us, +not par-răs´i-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pasiphae</b>—pa-sĭph´a-e, not +păs-i-phā´e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pegasus</b>—pĕg´a-sus, not pe-gā´sus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Penelope</b>—pe-nĕl´o-pe, not +pĕn´e-lōpe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Phlegethon</b>—phlĕj´e-thon, +not phlĕg´e-thon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pleiades</b>—plē´ya-dĕz not +plē´yădz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Polyphemus</b>—pol-y-phē´mus, +not po-lĭph´e-mus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Priapus</b>—prī-ā´pus, not prī´a-pus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Proserpine</b>—prŏs´er-pīne, +not pro-sĕr´pi-ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rhode</b>—rō´de, not rōde.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sarapis</b>—sa-rā´pis, not săr´a-pis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sardanapalus</b>—sar-da-na-pā´lus, +not sar-dan-ăp´a-lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Semiramis</b>—se-mĭr´a-mis, +not sĕm-i-rā´mis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tereus</b>—tē´re-us, not te-rē´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Terpsichore</b>—terp-sīk´o-re, +not tĕrp´si-kōre.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Thebæ</b>—thē´be, not thēbe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Theodamas</b>—the-ŏd´a-mas, +not the-o-dā´mas.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Theodamus</b>—the-o-dā´mus, +not the-ŏd´a-mus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Theodotus</b>—the-ŏd´o-tus, +not the-o-dō´tus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Theodorus</b>—the-o-dō´rus, +not the-ŏd´o-rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Thessalonica</b>—thes-sa-lo-nī´ka, +not thes-sa-lŏn´i-ka.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Thrace</b>—thrā´se, not thrāse.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p> +<h2>MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adam.</b> As an English name +is pronounced ăd´am; as +French, ä-dóng´, as German, +ä´däm.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Annesley</b>—ănz´le, not ăn´nes-le.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arundel</b>—ăr´ŭn-dĕl, not +a-rŭn´dĕl.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bacciochi</b>—bät-chō´kee, not +băk-ki-ō´kee.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Beatrice</b>—bā-ä-tree´chā or +bē´a-treess, not be-ăt´rĭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Beethoven</b>—bā´tō-ven, not +beet´hō-ven.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Belvedere</b>—bĕl-vā-dā´rā, not +bĕl-ve-dēre´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Beranger</b> (Fr. Béranger)—bā-rŏng-zhā´, +not bĕr´an-jer.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Blucher</b>—blōō´ker, not blū´cher.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Boccaccio</b>—bo-kät´cho, not +bŏk-kăs´i-o.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Boleyn</b>—bŏŏl´ĭn, not bō´lĭn +nor bō-lĭn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Boniface</b>—bŏn´e-fass or Fr. +bo-ne-fäss´, not bŏn´e-face.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Boucicault</b> or <b>Bourcicault</b>—bōō-se-kō´ +or bōōr-se-kō´, +not bōō´se-kawlt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bozzaris</b>—bŏt´zä-rĭs, not +boz-zăr´is, as generally +called.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Brown-Sequard</b> (Fr. Séquard)—brown-sā-kärr´, +not see-kward´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Buchanan</b>—bŭk-ăn´an, not +bū-kăn´an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bull, Ole</b>—ō´lĕh bŏŏl, not +ōl´ bŏŏl.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Buonaparte</b>—bōō-o-nä-pärr´tā, +not bō´na-pärt; +the latter is the allowed +English pronunciation +when spelled <b>Bonaparte</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bysshe</b>—bĭsh, not bĭsh´she.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cecil</b>—sĕs´ĭl or sĭs´ĭl, not +sē´sĭl.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cenci</b>—chĕn´chee, not sĕn´see.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chevalier</b>—sheh-vä-le-ā´, +not shev-a-leer´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Crichton</b>—krī´ton, not krĭk´ton.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>D'Aubigne</b> (Fr. D'Aubigné)—dō-bēn-yā´, +not daw-been´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Daubigny</b>—dō-bēn-yē´, not +daw-bē´ny.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Disraeli</b>—dĭz-rā´el-e, not +dĭz´rel-ee.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Drouyn de Lhuys</b>—drōō-ăng´ deh lwee´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gillot</b>—zhē-yō´, not jĭl´lot +nor jĭl-lō´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span> + <b>Giovanni</b>—jo-vän´nee, not +je-o-văn´nee.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Goethe</b>—pronounced much +like gür´teh, leaving out +the r; not gŏth nor +gōth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hemans</b>—hĕm´anz, not hē´manz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ingelow</b>—ĭn´je-lō, not ĭng´e-lō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ivan</b>—e-vän´, not ī´van.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Juarez</b>—jōō-ä´rĕz or <span class="smcap">h</span>ōō-ä´rĕth, +not jaw´rĕz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lancelot</b>—lŏngss-lō´, not +lăn´se-lŏt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lavater</b>—lä´vä-ter or lä-vä-tair´, +not lăv´a-ter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Macleod</b>—măk-lowd´, not +mak-lē´od.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Marat</b>—mä-rä´, not ma-răt´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Marion</b>—măr´i-on, not mā´ri-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Medici</b>—mĕd´e-chee or mā´de-chee, +not mĕd´i-see nor +me-dē´see.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Minie</b> (Fr. Minié)—me-ne-ā´, +not mĭn´ne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Montague</b>—mŏn´ta-gū, not +mŏn´tāg.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Moultrie</b>—mōō´tre, not mōl´tre.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Muhlbach</b>—(Ger. Mühlbach). +The u in the first syllable +of this word is very difficult +for those to pronounce +who are not German or +French, and can not be +well represented in English; +but there is no need +of coming so far from the +mark as is generally done, +especially in the last syllable. +It is not mūl´băk nor +mēl´băk; meul´bäk is +nearer correct.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mundt</b>—mŏŏnt, not mŭnt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Neumann</b>—noi´män, not +nū´man.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ovid</b>—ŏv´ĭd, not ō´vid [Ovidius].</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Paganini</b>—pä-gä-nee´nee, +not păj-a-nĭn´ĭ.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pepin</b>—pĕp´ĭn or pĭp´ĭn, not +pē´pĭn. French pronunciation +peh-păng´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Piccolomini</b>—pēk-ko-lŏm´e-nee, +not pĭk-ko-lo-mee´nee.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pliny</b>—plĭn´y, not plī´ny [Plinius].</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ponce de Leon</b>—pōn´chā +dā lā-ōn´, not ponss de +lē´on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rachel</b>—rä-shĕl´, not rā´chel +as the English name. +When a German name it +is pronounced räk´el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Richelieu</b>—rēsh´e-lōō, not +rĭch´e-lōō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rochefort</b>—rosh-for´, not +roch´fort.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rothschild</b>—ros´chīld or +rōt´shĭlt, not rŏth´chīld.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stael</b>—stäl, stawl or stä-ĕl´, +not stāle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Strauss</b>—strowss, not +strawss.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Taliaferro</b>—tŏl´i-vĕr, not +tăl-i-fĕr´ro.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Thiers</b>—te-air´, not theers.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> +<h2>MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Abomey</b>—ăb-o-mā´, not a-bŏm´ey +nor a-bō´mey.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Acapulco</b>—ä-kä-pōōl´ko, not +ăk-a-pŭl´ko.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adriatic</b>—ăd-ri-ăt´ĭk, not ā-drĭ-ăt´ĭk.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Afghanistan</b>—äf-gän-is-tän´, +not ăf-găn-ĭs´tăn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Agulhas</b>—ä-gōōl´yäs, not a-gŭl´hăs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aix-la-Chapelle</b>—ākz-lä-shä-pĕl´, +not ā-lä-shă-pĕl´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alsace</b>—äl-säss´, not ăl´sās.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Altai</b>—äl-tī´, not äl´tā nor +äl´tī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amherst</b>—ăm´erst, not ăm´herst.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Amoor</b>—ä-mōōr´, not ăm´ōōr +nor ā´mōre.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Antilles</b>—ŏng-teel´, not ăn´-teelz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Araguay</b>—ä-rä-gwī´, not ăr´a-gwā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aral</b>—ăr´al, not ā´ral.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arkansas</b>—är-kăn´sas, not +är´kan-saw nor är-kăn-zaz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asia</b>—ā´she-a, not ā´zhe-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bantam</b> (Java)—bän-täm´, +not băn´tam.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Barbados</b> or <b>Barbadoes</b>—bar-bā´dōz, +not bär´ba-dōz. +<b>Barbados</b>, a river of Brazil, +is pronounced bar-bä´doce.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bayou</b>—bī´ōō or bī´ō, not +bā´ū.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Belfast</b>—bĕl-făst´, not bĕl´făst.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Beloochistan</b>—bĕl-oo-chĭs-tän´, +not bĕl-oo-chĭs´tan.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bingen</b>—bĭng´en, not bĭn´jen.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bombay</b>—bŏm-bā´, not +bŏm´bā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bremen</b> (Germany)—brĕm´en +or brā´men, not brē´men. +<b>Bremen</b> (U. S.)—brē´men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Buena Vista</b>—bwā´nä vees´tä +or bō´na vĭs´ta, not bū´na +vĭs´ta.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Buenos Ayres</b>—bō´nos ā´riz +or bō´nos airz, not bū´nos +ārz; Spanish pronunciation, +bwā´noce ī´rĕs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cairo</b> (Italy and Egypt)—kī´ro, +not kā´ro. <b>Cairo</b> +(U. S.)—kā´ro.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Calais</b>—kăl´ĭs or kä-lā´, not +ka-lās´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Canton</b> (China)—kan-tŏn´, +not kăn´ton. <b>Canton</b> (U. +S.)—kăn´ton.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span> + <b>Cape Girardeau</b>—jee-rär-dō´, +not jee-rär´dō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caribbean</b> or <b>Carribbean</b>—kăr-ĭb-bē´an, +not ka-rĭb´be-an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cashmere</b>—käsh-meer´, not +kăsh´mere.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cayenne</b>—kī-ĕn´ or kā-yĕn´, +not kā-ĕn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cheyenne</b>—she-ĕn´, not shī-ĕn´ +nor chā-ĕn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chili</b>—chĭl´lee, not shē´lee.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Christiania</b>—krĭs-te-ä´ne-ä, +not krĭs-te-ā´ne-a nor krĭs-te-ăn´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chuquisaca</b>—chōō-ke-sä´kä, +not chōō-kwĭs´a-kä.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cincinnati</b>—sin-sin-nah´tĭ, +not sin-sin-năt´ta.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cochin China</b>—kō´chin chī´na, +not kŏch´in chī´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Delhi</b> (India)—dĕl´lee, not +dĕl´hī. <b>Delhi</b> (U. S.)—dĕl´hī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dubuque</b>—dū-bōōk´, not dū-būk´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fezzan</b>—fĕz-zän´, not fĕz´zan +nor fĕz-zăn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Freiburg</b>—frī´bŏŏrg, not +frē´burg.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Genoa</b>—jĕn´o-a, not je-nō´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gloucester</b>—glos´ter, not as +spelled. <b>Gloucestershire</b> +(glos´ter-shir).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Greenwich</b> (England)—grĭn´ĭdge, +not as spelled. +<b>Greenwich</b> (U. S.)—green´ĭch.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Havre de Grace</b>—hăv´er de +grass, not hā´ver de grās´. +French pronunciation, +hä´v'r deh gräss or ä´v'r +deh gräss´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iowa</b>—ī´o-wa, not ī-ō´wa nor +ī´o-wā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Java</b> (Island)—jä´va, not +jăv´a nor jā´va. <b>Java</b> (U. +S.)—jā´va.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jeddo</b> (Japan)—yĕd´do, not +jĕd´do. <b>Jeddo</b> (U. S.)—jĕd´do.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Juniata</b>—jōō-ne-ah´ta, not +jōō-ne-ĕt´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Kankakee</b>—kan-kaw´kee, +not kang-ka-kee´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ladoga</b>—lä´do-gä, not la-dō´ga.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lausanne</b> (Switzerland)—lō-zän´, +not law-san´. <b>Lausanne</b> +(Pennsylvania)—law-săn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leicester</b>—lĕs´ter, not as +spelled. <b>Leicestershire</b> +(lĕs´ter-shir).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leipsic</b> (Saxony)—līp´sĭk, +not leep´sĭk. <b>Leipsic</b> (U. +S.)—leep´sĭk.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Madrid</b> (Spain)—mä-drĭd´, +not măd´rĭd; Spanish pronunciation, +mä-<span class="smcap">d</span>ree<span class="smcap">d</span>´—almost +ma<span class="smcap">th</span>-ree<span class="smcap">th</span>´. +<b>Madrid</b> (U. S.)—măd´rid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mauch Chunk</b>—mawk +chŭnk´, not mawch +shunk´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Milan</b>—mĭl´an, not mī´lan.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Modena</b> (Italy)—mŏd´en-a, +not mo-dē´na. <b>Modena</b> +(U. S.)—mo-dē´na.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nantes</b>—năntz, not năn´tez; +French pronunciation, +nŏngt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span> + <b>Neufchatel</b>—nush-ä-tĕl´, not +nōōf´chăt-el.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Newfoundland</b>—nū´fond-land´, +not nu-found´land.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Norwich</b> (England)—nŏr´rĭj, +not nŏr´wich. <b>Norwich</b> +(U. S.)—nŏr´wich or nŏr´rich.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Otaheite</b>—ō-tä-hee´te, not +ō-ta-heet´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Panama</b>—pän-a-mä´, not +păn´a-maw.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Persia</b>—per´she-a, not per´zhe-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pesth</b>—pĕst, not pesth; +Hungarian pronunciation, +pĕsht.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Piqua</b>—pĭk´wa, not pĭk´wā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pompeii</b>—pŏm-pā´yee, not +pŏm´pe-ī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Popocatapetl</b>—po-po-kä-tā-pĕtl´, +not po-po-kăt-a-pē´tel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Poughkeepsie</b>—po-kĭp´see, +not po-keep´see.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quebec</b>—kwe-bĕk´, not +kwē´bek.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Queretaro</b>—kā-rā-tä´ro, not +kwer-e-tā´ro.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sahara</b>—sä-hä´rä or sä´ha-rä, +not sā-hā´ra nor sa-hăr´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>San Diego</b>—sän-de-ā´go, not +săn-dī-ē´go.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sangamon</b>—săng´ga-mon, +not săng-găm´on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>San Joaquin</b>—sän-<span class="smcap">h</span>o-ä-keen´, +not săn´jō´a-kwĭn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Shang-Hai</b>—shang-hī´, not +shăng´-hā nor shăng´-hī.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Siam</b>—sī-am´ or se-am´, not +sī´am.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sumatra</b>—sōō-mä´tra, not +sōō-mā´tra nor sōō-măt´ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Swabia</b>—swā´bi-a, not swaw´be-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Taliaferro</b>—tŏl´e-ver, not +tăl-ĭ-a-fĕr´ro.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Toulouse</b>—tōō-lōōz´, not +tōō-lōōss´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Truxillo</b>—trōō-<span class="smcap">h</span>eel´yo, not +trŭx-ĭl´lo.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tyrol</b>—tĭr´ol or te-rŏl´, not +tī´rol.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ulster</b> (Germany)—ŏŏl´ster, +not ŭl´ster. <b>Ulster</b> (Ireland +and U. S.)—ŭl´ster.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Valenciennes</b>—vä-long-se-ĕnn´, +not va-lĕn-se-ĕnz´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Valparaiso</b> (Chili)—väl-pä-rī´so, +not văl-pa-rā´zo. +<b>Valparaiso</b> (U. S.)—văl-pa-rā´zo.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Venezuela</b>—ven-ez-wee´la or +vā-nĕth-wā´lä, not ven-ez-ōō-ē´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vevay</b>—ve-vā´, not vē´vā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vosges</b>—vōzh, not vŏs´jez.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Worcester</b>—wŏŏs´ter, not as +spelled. <b>Worcestershire</b> +(wŏŏs´ter-shir).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Wyandot</b> or <b>Wyandotte</b>—wī-an-dott´, +not wī´an-dŏt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Wyoming</b>—wī-ō´ming, not +wī´o-ming.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Yang-tse-kiang</b>—yäng-tse-ke-äng´, +not yang´ste-kī´ăng.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Yo Semite</b>—yō-sem´e-te, not +yō´se-mīte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zanzibar</b>—zän-ze-bär´, not +zăn´ze-bär.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p> +<h2>ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ada</b>—ā´da, not ăd´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Agnes</b>—ăg´nēz, not ăg´ness.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alphonso</b>—al-phon´so, not +al-phŏn´zo.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Artemas</b>—är´te-mas, not är-tē´mas.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Augustine</b>—aw-gŭs´tĭn, not +aw´gŭs-teen.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Basil</b>—băz´il, not bā´sil nor +băs´il.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bernard</b>—bër´nard, not bër-nard´. +<b>Bernard</b> (French)—be<span class="smcap">r</span>-na<span class="smcap">r</span>´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cecily</b>—sĕs´i-ly, not sē´si-ly.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Chloe</b>—klō´e, not klō.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Darius</b>—da-rī´us, not dā´ri-us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Deborah</b>—dĕb´o-rah, not +de-bō´rah.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eben</b>—ĕb´en, not ē´ben.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eleanor</b>—ĕl´e-a-nor, not ĕl´en-or.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Esther</b>—ĕs´ter, not ĕs´ther.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eva</b>—ē´va, not ĕv´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Frances</b>—frăn´sez, not frăn´sess +nor frăn´sĭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Giles</b>—jīlz, not gīlz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Hosea</b>—ho-zē´a, not hō´se-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ivan</b>—ĭv´an, not ī´van. <b>Ivan</b> +(Russian)—e-vän´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Irene</b>—ī-rē´ne, not ī-reen´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jacqueline</b>—jăq´ue-lĭn, not +jăk´a-līne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Joan</b>—jō-ăn´, not jō´an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Joshua</b>—jŏsh´u-a, not jŏsh´a-wā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leopold</b>—lē´o-pōld, not lĕp´ōld. +<b>Leopold</b> (German)—lā-o-pōlt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lionel</b>—li´o-nel, not lī-ō´nel.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Louisa</b>—lōō-ē´za, not lōō-ī´za.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Marion</b>—măr´i-on, not mā´ri-on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Penelope</b>—pe-nĕl´o-pe, not +pĕn´el-ōpe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Phebe</b>—phē´be, not pheeb.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Philander</b>—phī-lăn´der, not +phĭl-ăn´der.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Philemon</b>—phī-lē´mon, not +phĭl´e-mon.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Reginald</b>—rĕj'i-nald, not +rĕg´i-nald.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosalie</b>—rŏz´a-lē, not rō´za-lē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosalind</b>—rŏz´a-lind, not +rō´za-lind.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosamond</b>—rŏz´a-mond, not +rō´za-mond.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rowland</b>—rō´land, not row´land.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sigismund</b>—sĭj´is-mund, not + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span> +sĭg´is-mund. <b>Sigismund</b> +(German)—see<span class="smcap">g</span>´is-mŏŏnt.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Silvester</b>—sĭl-vĕs´ter, not +sĭl´vĕs-ter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sophia</b>—so-phī´a, not sō´phi-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ursula</b>—-ür´su-la, not ür-sū´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Viola</b>—-vī´o-la, not vī-ō´la.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span></p> +<h2>NAMES OF ROMANCE, SOBRIQUETS, ETC.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Achitophel</b>—a-kĭt´o-phel, +not a-chĭt´o-phel. A +nickname given to the +Earl of Shaftesbury and +used by Dryden in his +satirical poem of "Absalom +and Achitophel."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adonais</b>—ăd-o-nā´is, not a-dō´ni-as +nor a-dŏn´i-as. A +name given to the poet +Keats by Shelley.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adriana</b>—ăd-ri-ăn´a, not ā-dri-ā´na +nor ā-dri-ăn´a. A +character in the "Comedy +of Errors."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ægeon</b>—ē-jē´on, not ē´je-on. +A Syracusan merchant in +the "Comedy of Errors."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Æmilia</b>—ē-mĭl´i-a, not ē-mē´li-a. +Wife of Ægeon +in the "Comedy of Errors."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Agramante</b>—ä-grä-män´tā, +not ăg´ra-mănt unless +written <b>Agramant</b>. King +of the Moors in "Orlando +Furioso."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Agricane</b>—ä-gre-kä´nā, not +ăg´ri-kāne. Written also +<b>Agrican</b> (ăg´ri-kăn). King +of Tartary in "Orlando +Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Al Borak</b>—äl bŏr´ak, not +ăl bō´rak. An imaginary +animal of wonderful appearance +and fleetness, +with which it was claimed +that Mohammed made a +journey to the seventh +heaven.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alcina</b>—äl-chē´na, not ăl-sē´na. +A fairy in "Orlando +Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alciphron</b>—ăl´si-phron, not +ăl-sĭph´ron. The name of +a work by Bishop Berkeley +and of a character in +the same. <b>Alciphron</b> is +also the name of a poem +by Thomas Moore and the +hero of his romance, "The +Epicurean."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Almanzor</b>—al-măn´zor, not +ăl´man-zor. A character +in Dryden's "Conquest of +Granada."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Al Rakim</b>—är rä-keem´, not +ăl rā´kim. The dog in the +legend of the "Seven +Sleepers of Ephesus."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Al Sirat</b>—äs se-rät´, not ăl´ +si-răt. An imaginary +bridge between this world +and the Mohammedan +paradise.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Angelica</b>—an-jĕl´i-ka, not + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span> +an-jel-ë´ka. A princess of +great beauty in "Orlando +Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Angelo</b>—ăn´je-lo, not an-jĕl´o. +A prominent character +in "Measure for +Measure." A goldsmith +in the "Comedy of Errors."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Archimago</b>—är-ki-mā´go, +not är-chi-mā´go nor är-chĭm´a-go. +A character +in Spenser's "Faëry +Queen."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Argalia</b>—a<span class="smcap">r</span>-gä-lee´ä, not +är-gā´li-a. Brother of +Angelica in "Orlando Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Argantes</b>—a<span class="smcap">r</span>-gän´tess, not +är-găn´tēz. An infidel +hero in "Jerusalem Delivered."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asmodeus</b>—ăs-mo-dē´us, not +ăz-mō´de-us. An evil +spirit.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Baba, Ali</b>—ä´lee bä´bä, not +ăl´i bā´ba. A character +in the "Forty Thieves."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Baba, Cassim</b>—käs´sim +bä´bä, not kăs´sim bā´ba. +Brother of Ali Baba.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bajardo</b>—bä-e-a<span class="smcap">r</span>´do, not +ba-jär´do. Rinaldo's steed +in "Orlando Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Balwhidder</b>—băl´hwĭth-er, +not bawl´whĭd-der. A +pastor in Galt's "Annals +of the Parish."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Banquo</b>—bănk´wo, not +băng´ko. A Scottish warrior +and a character in +"Macbeth."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bassanio</b>—bas-sä´ni-o, not +bas-sā´ni-o. Husband of +Portia in "Merchant of +Venice."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Biron</b>—bĭr´on, not bī´ron. +A character in "Love's +Labor's Lost."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Boyet</b>—boy-ĕt´, not bō´yet. +A character in "Love's +Labor's Lost."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bradamante</b>—brä-dä-män´tā, +not brăd´a-mănt. Sister +to Rinaldo, in "Orlando +Innamorato."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Brunehilde</b>—brōō´nā-hĭl´dā, +not brŭn-hĭl´dah. Written +also <b>Brunehild</b> (brōō´neh-hĭlt).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Carrasco, Sanson</b>—sän-sōn´ +kä<span class="smcap">r</span>-<span class="smcap">r</span>äs´ko, not săn´son +kăr-răs´ko. A character +in "Don Quixote."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cedric</b>—sĕd´rik, not sē´drik. +A character in "Ivanhoe."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Clarchen</b>—klĕ<span class="smcap">r</span>´ken, not +klär´chen. A female +character in Goethe's "Egmont."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Clavileno Aligero</b>—klä-ve-lān´yo +ä-le-<span class="smcap">r</span>ā´ro, not +klăv-i-lē´no ăl-i-jē´ro. A +celebrated steed in "Don +Quixote."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Consuelo</b>—kōng-su-ā-lō´, +not kŏn-su-ĕl´o. The heroine +of a novel of the same +name by Georges Sand.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Don Adriano Armado</b>—ăd-re-ä´no +är-mä´do, not ā-dri-ā´no +är-mā´do. A +character in "Love's Labor's +Lost."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span> + <b>Don Cleofas</b>—klē´o-fas, not +kle-ō´fas. Hero of "The +Devil on Two Sticks."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Don Juan</b>—jū´an, not jū-ăn´.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dulcamara</b>—dŏŏl-kä-mä´rä, +not dŭl-sa-mā´ra nor dŭl-ka-mā´ra. +The itinerant +physician in "L'Elisire +d'Amore."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Egeus</b>—ē-jē´us, not ē´je-us. +The Father of Hermia +in "Midsummer Night's +Dream."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Eyre, Jane</b>—êr, not īre.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fata Morgana</b>—fä´tä mo<span class="smcap">r</span>-gä´nä, +not fā´ta mor-găn´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fatima</b>—făt´i-ma, not fa-tē´-ma. +A female character +in the story of Aladdin, +or the Wonderful Lamp; +also, one of the wives of +Blue Beard.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fidele</b>—fī-dē´le, not fī-dēle´. +A name assumed by Imogen, +in "Cymbeline."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fra Diavolo</b>—frä de-ä´vo-lo, +not frä de-ä-vō´lo.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Genevra</b>—je-nĕv´ra, not je-nē´vra. +<b>Ginevra</b> is pronounced +the same as the +above.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gil Blas</b>—zhēl bläss, not jĭl +blä nor jeel bläz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gotham</b>—gō´tham, not +gŏth´am. A name applied +to New York City.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Haidee</b>—hī´dee, not hā´dee. +One of the heroines in +"Don Juan."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iachimo</b>—yăk´i-mo, not ī-ăk´i-mo. +A prominent +character in "Cymbeline."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iago</b>—e-ä´go, not ī-ā´go. One +of the principal characters +in "Othello."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jacques</b>—zhäk, not jăk´kwĕs. +A character in "As +You Like It."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Klaus, Peter</b>—klowss, not +klawz. The hero of a +German tradition similar +to that of "Rip Van Winkle."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lalla Rookh</b>—lä´la rōōk, +not lăl´la rŏŏk. The heroine +of Moore's poem of +the same name.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Laodamia</b>—la-ŏd-a-mī´a, +not la-o-dā´mi-a. The +wife of Protesilaus slain +by Hector, and the name +of a poem by Wordsworth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lara</b>—lä´ra, not lā´ra nor +lăr´a. The hero and +name of Byron's poem.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Le Fevre</b>—leh fĕv´r, not le +fē´ver. A poor lieutenant +in "Life and Opinions of +Tristram Shandy."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leonato</b>—lē-o-nä´to, not lē-o-nā´to. +Governor of Messina +in "Much Ado About +Nothing."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mahu</b>—ma-hōō´ or mä´hoo, +not mā´hu. A fiend +spoken of in "King Lear."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Maid of Orleans</b>—ôr´le-anz, +not ôr-lēnz´. Another +name of Joan of Arc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Meister, Wilhelm</b>—vĭl´helm +mīs´ter, not wĭl´helm +mēs´ter. The hero of a +novel by Goethe.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mohicans, Last of the</b>—mo-hē´kans, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span> +not mo-hĭsh´ans +nor mō´he-kans.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Montague</b>—mŏn´ta-gū, not +mon-tāg´. A noble family +in "Romeo and Juliet."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Moreno, Don Antonio</b>—än-tō´ne-o +mō-rā´no, not ăn-tō´ne-o +mō-rē´no. A gentleman +in "Don Quixote."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Munchausen</b>—mun-chaw´sen, +not mun-kaw´sen. +German, Münchhausen +(mün<span class="smcap">k</span>-how´zen).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Oberon</b>—ŏb´er-on, not ō´ber-on. +King of the fairies. +Takes an important +part in "Midsummer +Night's Dream."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ossian</b>—ŏsh´an, not aw´si-an.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parizade</b>—pä-re-zä´dā, not +păr´i-zāde´. A princess in +"Arabian Nights' Entertainments."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Parolles</b>—pa-rŏl´les, not pa-rōlz´. +A follower of Bertram +in "All's Well That +Ends Well."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Perdita</b>—për´di-ta, not për-dī´ta +nor për-dē´ta. A +princess in "Winter's +Tale."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Petruchio</b>—pe-trōō´chĭ-o, +not pe-trōō´kĭ-o. A principal +character in "Taming +of the Shrew."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pisanio</b>—pĭ-zä´nĭ-o, not pĭ-sā´nĭ-o. +A character in +"Cymbeline."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Posthumus</b>—pŏst´hu-mŭs, +not pōst-hū´mŭs. Imogen's +husband in "Cymbeline."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prospero</b>—prŏs´pe-ro, not +pros-pē´ro. An important +character in the "Tempest."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosalind</b>—rŏz´a-lĭnd, not +rōz´a-lind. The lady loved +by Orlando in "As You +Like It."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosaline</b>—rŏz´a-lĭn or rŏz´a-līn, +not rōz´a-leen. A lady +in "Love's Labor's Lost;" +also the name of a lady +loved by Romeo before +Juliet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rosamond, Fair</b>—rŏz´a-mond, +not rō´za-mond.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rozinante</b>—rŏz-i-năn´te, not +rō-zi-năn´te. Don Quixote's +famous horse.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ruggiero</b>—rōōd-jā´ro, not +rŭg-gi-ĕr´o or rŭj-ji-ē´ro. +A knight in "Orlando +Furioso."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sakhrat</b>—sä<span class="smcap">k</span>-rä´, not săk´rat. +A sacred stone of +great powers, in "Mohammedan +mythology."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Stephano</b>—stĕf´a-no, not ste-fā´no. +A drunken butler +in "Tempest;" also a servant +of Portia in "Merchant +of Venice."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Titania</b>—tĭ-tā´ni-a, not tĭ-tăn´i-a. +The wife of Oberon, +king of the fairies.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tybalt</b>—tĭb´alt, not tī´balt. +One of the Capulets in +"Romeo and Juliet.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ulrica</b>—ul-rī´ka, not ŭl´ri-ka. +An old sibyl in +"Ivanhoe."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span> + <b>Ursula</b>—ür´su-la, not ür-sōō´la. +An attendant in +"Much Ado About Nothing."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Viola</b>—vī´o-la, not vī-ō´la. +The disguised page of +Duke Orsino in "Twelfth +Night."</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p> +<h2>ORTHOEPICAL ERRORS OF THE PROFESSIONS.</h2> + +<p>Although errors of speech are at all times to be +deprecated, and are generally criticised without much +leniency, it must be admitted that unless they are +very gross, reasonable excuses are to be taken for +those who have never made their language a subject +of close study, and whose only use of words is entirely +impromptu in the business affairs of life, in +the home circle, or in the social gathering.</p> + +<p>Though a person's descent from Belgravia or Billingsgate +is in a great measure revealed by the propriety +of his discourse, yet this refers principally to +those words that are employed by the masses in the +every-day conversations of life, rather than to technicalities +and words related to particular professions, +the use of which is generally confined to the specially +instructed. But when a man stands forth as an +orator, a teacher, a minister, or a professor of some +college, it is certainly not unreasonable for those +that sit under his instruction, to expect and demand +that his speech should be almost free from errors.</p> + +<p>One occupying such a position may well be excused + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span> +for occasional embarrassment, poor voice, unpleasant +address, hesitation of delivery, and various +failings and peculiarities that can not be overcome, +but little or no allowance can be made for constantly +repeated errors.</p> + +<p>Probably there has never been a public speaker +so perfect in diction, that he has not in moments of +embarrassment, or when much absorbed in his subject, +been guilty of grammatical inaccuracies or mistakes +of pronunciation; and doubtless he is as often +aware of them as his listeners are, as soon as they +drop from his lips, but it would be foolish to call attention +to them by going back to correct them. But +when these offenses are so glaring and so frequently +repeated that it is evident the speaker knows no better, +it is no wonder that the educated hearer often +thinks that the teacher had better leave his position +and submit to being taught.</p> + +<p>What allowance can an intelligent congregation +make for their minister who has nothing else to do +but prepare his sermons, if, besides a multitude of +common English mistakes, he pronounces more than +half of his scriptural names in a manner that is not +sanctioned by any authority?</p> + +<p>When the orotund medical professor stands up to +address his students, or to engage in the discussions +of a convention, and rolls out technicality after technicality +pronounced in a manner that would be disowned +by the original Latin or Greek, and is totally + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span> +at variance with established usage, who would not +ask for a little less elegance and a little more education? +If it required a great amount of labor outside +of the usual course of study for professional men to +acquire a knowledge of the pronunciation of words +peculiar to the professions, the subject might be +treated with more tolerance; but as the definitions +and the orthoepy might be so readily learned together +during those years of daily reference to books that +are required before one should be considered competent +to stand as a guide to others, it certainly seems +that they do not properly appreciate the dignity of +their position by thus laying themselves open to public +criticism.</p> + +<p>Many a student, in order to become instructed in +certain branches, has been compelled to reluctantly +sit for months or years at the feet of those that he +felt were far inferior to him in common school education, +hearing hourly such violations of orthoepy +and syntax as would be a discredit to school children. +And, doubtless, many such students have had +such a charity for their teachers that they have +wished to direct their attention to their faults, but +have been restrained on account of the fear of enmity, +expulsion, or of lessening the chances for passing +the final examination.</p> + +<p>The bare thought of being so criticised should be +so galling to any one bearing the dignified title of +"professor," that he ought to be stimulated to endeavor + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span> +to make himself an authority concerning the +proprieties of speech.</p> + +<p>The study of orthoepy was held in such high esteem +by the accent Greeks, and their delicate ears +were so offended by any violation of its rules, that +if an orator mispronounced a single word, the entire +audience immediately hissed him.</p> + +<p>During the present state of pronunciation it would +indeed be embarrassing to the public speaker, if such +a custom existed in this country. Let us imagine, +for instance, our friend Professor Abdominous Gynæcophonus, +with his face ebullient with smiles of +self-conceit, arising to address such an audience. +"Gentlemen: I have listened patiently to this op´po-nent +(<i>hisses</i>) of al´lo-path-y (<i>hisses</i>) and now arise +to make a few remarks and in´quir-ies (<i>hisses</i>). In +answer to his objections against hy-os-cy-ā´mus +(<i>hisses</i>) as an anodyne and sō´por-if-ic, (<i>hisses</i>) I +would say that in cases of cough and sleeplessness, +I have long used hyoscyamia combined in trō´chĕz +(<i>hisses</i>) without any of those effects that the păt´ron +(<i>hisses</i>) of hō´me-o-path-y (<i>hisses</i>) mentions. And +having made almost a specialty of the treatment of +făç´i-al (<i>hisses</i>) neuralgia or tic-dŏl-o-rōō´" (<i>hisses</i>)—and +it would certainly be time for him to dolorously +sit down, although he might raise the question—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p>"What's in a name? that which we call a rose,</p> +<p>By any other name would smell as sweet,"</p> +</div></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span> + and argue therefrom that the pronunciation of a word +should make no difference so long as its meaning was +understood. Amongst professional men, it has been +observed that physicians and dentists are by far more +prone than others to orthoepical errors. Attention +is requested to a few of the more common of these +in addition to those found in the preceding vocabulary +connected with words that are alike used by the +professional and the unprofessional, such as: <i>abdomen</i>, +<i>acclimated</i>, <i>albumen</i>, <i>animalcula arabic</i>, <i>citrate</i>, +<i>embryo</i>, <i>excrescence</i>, <i>fetid</i>, <i>fetor</i>, <i>forceps</i>, <i>homeopathy</i>, +<i>hydropathy</i>, <i>jugular</i>, <i>jujube</i>, <i>nasal</i>, <i>pharmacopœia</i>, <i>purulent</i>, +<i>spasmodic</i>, <i>sulphurous</i>, <i>tragacanth</i>, etc. The +authorities appealed to are Dunglison, Thomas, Webster +and Worcester. Notwithstanding the superior +merit of Dunglison's Medical Dictionary, as far as the +comprehensiveness and reliability of its definitions +are concerned, it is evident that it is almost useless +as an orthoepical guide. The principal accent is in +many cases marked, but the pronunciation of preceding +and succeeding syllables can not be determined, +and there is no attempt at syllabication.</p> + +<p>Dr. Thomas' dictionary, though less comprehensive, +is equally reliable in its definitions, and is excellent +authority in regard to orthoepy; though it +is to be regretted that in some words important syllables +are not sufficiently marked. For instance, +take the words <i>as-bes´tos</i> and <i>bis´muth</i>; how can it +be determined whether the first should be pronounced + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span> +ăs-bĕs´toss or ăz-bĕs´tōz or the latter bĭz´muth +or bĭss´muth? Webster and Worcester are +undoubtedly good authorities for the pronunciation +of the medical words they give. In the following +vocabulary all of the authorities that mention the +words may be considered as agreeing, unless notice +is made of their disagreement.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span></p> +<h2>MEDICAL AND DENTAL WORDS.</h2> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>[In Latin and Latinized Greek words, the English sounds of the vowels +are given as those used by the majority of professional men. If any +one, however, prefers to adopt the continental method, sounding <i>a</i> as in +<i>father</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>i</i> as <i>e</i> in <i>veto</i>, etc., and consistently applies it to all such +words, no one, of course, has a right to object.]</p> +</div> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Adipose</b>—ăd´i-pōse, not ad´i-pōze.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ala</b>—ā´la, not ăl´a. <b>Alæ</b>, +plural.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alis</b>—ā´lĭs, not ăl´ĭs. This +as a termination of many +words, such as <b>abdominalis</b>, +<b>digitalis</b>, <b>frontalis</b>, +<b>lachrymalis</b>, <b>transversalis</b>, +etc., is often erroneously +pronounced ăl´is.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alumen</b>—al-ū´men, not ăl´u-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Alveolus</b>—al-vē´o-lus, not +al-ve-ō´lus. Plural, <b>alveoli</b> +(al-vē´o-lī). <b>Alveolar</b>—(al-vē´o-lar). +Alveolus +is the name given to the +<i>cavity</i> in the jaw that is +seen upon the removal of +the root of a tooth, and it +possesses no more tangibility +than a pinch of air; +almost daily, however, we +hear dentists speak of extracting +a tooth with a piece +of the <i>alveolus</i> attached. +What a curiosity for preservation +in a museum is a +tooth with a piece of a little +hole fastened to the root! +What is meant is a piece +of the <i>alveolar process</i>, or +portion of bone around +the alveolus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Anæmic</b>—a-nĕm´ĭk, not a-nē´mĭk. +Dunglison gives +the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Andral</b>—ŏng-dräl´, not ăn´-dral.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aphthæ</b>—ăf´thē, not ăp´thē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aqua</b>—ā´kwa, not ăk´wa.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Arcus Senilis</b>—se-nī´lis, not +sĕn´i-lis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Areolar</b>—a-rē´o-lar, not a-re-ō´lar.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Aris</b>—ā´rĭs, not ăr´is in the +termination of <b>angularis</b>, +<b>medullaris</b>, <b>palmaris</b>, <b>orbicularis</b>, +<b>pulmonaris</b>, etc.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asarum</b>—ăs´a-rum, not a-sā´rum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Asbestos</b>—ăs-bĕs´tŏss, not +ăz-bĕs´tōz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span> + <b>Attollens</b>—at-tŏl´lenz, not +at-tō´lenz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Azygos</b>—az´y-gos, not a-zy´gos.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bagge</b>—bäg´geh, not băg.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bimana</b>—bī-mā´na, not bī-mā´nĭ-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bismuth</b>—bĭz´muth, not +bĭss´muth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Bitumen</b>—bĭ-tū´men, not +bĭt´u-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cadaver</b>—ka-dā´ver, not +ka-dăv´er.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caries</b>—kā´rĭ-ēz, not kā´rēz +nor kăr´rēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Carminative</b>—kar-mĭn´a-tive, +not kar´mi-nā-tĭve.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Caryophillus</b>—kăr-ĭ-o-phĭl´lus, +not kăr-ĭ-ŏph´ĭl-lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cerebral</b>—sĕr´e-bral, not +ser-ē´bral.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cerebric</b>—sĕr´e-bric, not +ser-ē´bric.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cerebrum</b>—sĕr´e-brum, not +ser-ē´brum. Dunglison +gives both.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cerumen</b>—se-rū´men, not +sĕr´ū-men.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cheyne</b>—chān or cheen, not +shāne.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Choledochus</b>—ko-lĕd´o-kus, +not kŏl-e-dō´kus nor ko-lĭd´a-kus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cicatrix</b>—si-kā´trix, not +sĭk´a-trix nor si-kăt´rix. +Plural, <b>cicatrices</b> (sĭk´a-trī´sēz), +not sĭ-kăt´rĭ-sēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cimicifuga</b>—sĭm-ĭ-sĭf´u-ga, +not sĭm-i-sĭ-fū´ga nor sĭm-ĭs´i-fū´ga.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cochlea</b>—kŏk´le-a, not kōk´le-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Conein</b>—ko-nē´ĭn, not kō´ne-ĭn.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Conium</b>—ko-nī´um, not kō´ni-um.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cranium</b>—krā´ni-um, not +krăn´i-um.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Cynanche</b>—sĭ-năn´kē, not +sī-năn´chē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Diastase</b>—dī´as-tāse, not dī-as´tāze.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Diastole</b>—dī-as´to-le, not +dī´as-tōle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Diploe</b>—dĭp´lo-e, not dip-lō´e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dulcamara</b>—dul-ka-mā´ra, +not dul-sa-mā´ra. Webster +gives dul-kam´a-ra +also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Duodenum</b>—du-o-dē´num, +not du-ŏd´e-num.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Dyspnœa</b>—dĭsp-nē´a, not +dĭs-nē´a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Emesis</b>—ĕm´e-sis,not em-ē´sis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Epiploon</b>—e-pĭp´lo-on, not +ep-ip-lō´on.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Facial</b>—fā´shal, not făsh´i-al.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Foramen</b>—fo-rā´men, not +fo-răm´en.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Fungi</b>—fun´jī not fun´gī. +Plural of <b>fungus</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Galbanum</b>—găl´ba-num, not +gal-bā´num.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Gingiva</b>—jĭn-jī´va, not jĭn´ji-va.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Glenoid</b>—glē´noid, not +glĕn´oid.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Glutæus</b>—glū´tæ-us, according +to Webster. The rest +give glū-tæ´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Helleborus</b>—hel-lĕb´o-rus, +not hel-le-bō´rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span> + <b>Hyoscyamus</b>—hī-os-sī´a-mus, +not hī-os-sy-ăm´us +nor hi-os-sy-ā´mus. <b>Hyoscyamine</b> +(hī-os-sī´a-mĭn).</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Impetigo</b>—ĭm-pe-tī´go, not +ĭm-pĕt´i-go.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Incisive</b>—ĭn-sī´sĭv, not in-sĭs´ive.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Iodoform</b>—ī-ŏd´o-form, not +ī-ō´do-form. Dunglison +gives ī´o-do-form.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Itis.</b> According to Webster +and Worcester this termination +is pronounced +ī´tĭs in <b>bronchitis</b>, <b>pleuritis</b>, +<b>gastritis</b>, etc. Thomas +and Dunglison do not specify, +but the inference is +that they intend the same. +It is, however, so generally +pronounced ē´tis, that +many would object to the +attention attracted by calling +it ī´tis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Jejunum</b>—je-jū´num, not +jĕj´u-num.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Juniperus</b>—ju-nĭp´e-rus, not +jū´ni-per-us nor ju-ni-pē´rus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Laudanum</b>—law´da-num, +not lŏd´a-num.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lentigo</b>—len-tī´go, not lĕn´ti-go.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Lepra</b>—lĕp´ra, not lē´pra. +Dunglison gives the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Leuwenhoek</b>—lōō´en-hŏŏk +or l<span class="smcap">u</span>h´wen-hŏŏk (U as in +fur), not lōō´wen-hōke.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Levator</b>—le-vā´tor, not le-văt´or.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Liquor</b> (Latin)—lī´kwor, not +lĭk´ur as in English.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Magendie</b>—mä-zhŏng-dē´, +not mā-jĕn´dē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Malic</b>—mā´lic, not măl´ic. +Thomas gives the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Matrix</b>—mā´trix, not măt´rix.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mistura</b>—mĭs-tū´ra, not mĭs´tu-ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Molecule</b>—mŏl´e-kūle, not +mō´le-kūle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Mollities</b>—mol-lĭsh´ĭ-ēz, not +mŏl´lĭ-tēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Molybdenum</b>—mŏl-ĭb-dē´num, +not mo-lĭb´de-num.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nasmyth</b>—nā´smith, not +năz´mĭth.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nicolai</b>—nee´ko-lī, not nĭk´o-lā.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Nucleolus</b>—nu-klē´o-lus, not +nu-kle-ō´lus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Oris</b>—ō´rĭs, not ŏr´is.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Ovale</b>—ō-vā´le, not ō-văl´e.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Panizzi</b>—pä-nĭt´see or pä-nēt´see, +not pan-ĭz´zy.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pepys</b>—pĕps, not pē´pĭs nor +pĕp´ĭs.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pes Anserinus</b>—pēz an-ser-ī´nus, +not pĕz an-sĕr´i-nus. +I once heard a professor +describing the facial nerve +to his class, and he dwelt +upon this plexus for some +time, calling it the "Pons +Asinorum."</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Podagra</b>—pŏd´a-gra, not +po-dā´gra. Worcester gives +po-dăg´ra also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Podophyllum</b>—-pŏd-o-phyl´um, +not po-dŏph´yl-lum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span> + <b>Process</b>—prŏs´ess, not prō´sess.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Prostate</b>—pros´tāte, not +prŏs´trāte.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Purkinje</b>—pŏŏ<span class="smcap">r</span>´kĭn-yeh or +pŏŏr´kĭn, not par-kĭn´jē.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pylorus</b>—pĭ-lō´rus, not pī-lôr´us.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Pyrethrum</b>—pĭr´e-thrum, +not pī-rē´thrum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Quadrumana</b>—quad-rū´ma-na, +not quad-ru-mā´nia.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Rubeola</b>—ru-bē´o-la, not ru-be-ō´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sacrum</b>—sā´krum, not săk´rum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sagittal</b>—săj´it-tal, not sa-jĭt´tal. +Danglison gives +the latter.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sanies</b>—sā´nĭ-ēz, not sā´nēz +nor săn´ēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Scabies</b>—scā´bĭ-ez, not scăb´ēz +nor scā´bēz.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Seidlitz</b>—sīd´lĭtz, not sĕd´lĭtz, +unless spelled <b>Sedlitz</b>.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Sinapis</b>—si-nā´pis, not sĭn´a-pis.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Squamous</b>—skwā´mus, not +skwaw´mus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Systole</b>—sĭs´to-le, not sĭs´tōle.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tinctura</b>—tinc-tū´ra, not +tinct´u-ra.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Titanium</b>—ti-tā´ni-um, not +ti-tăn´i-um.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Trachea</b>—tra-kē´a or trā´ke-a, +not trăck´e-a.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Tremor</b>—trē´mor, not trĕm´-or. +Webster allows the +latter also.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Trismus</b>—triss´mus, not +trĭz´mus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Umbilicus</b>—um-bĭ-lī´kus, +according to Worcester, +Thomas and Dunglison. +Webster gives um-bil´i-kus.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Variola</b>—va-rī´o-la, not va-ri-ō´la.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Veratrum</b>—ve-rā´trum, not +ve-răt´rum.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Vertebral</b>—vĕr´te-bral, not +ver-tē´bral.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Virchow</b>—fĭr´ko, not vïr´chow +nor vïr´kow.</p> + +<p style="text-indent: -2em; margin-left: 2em;"><b>Zinci</b>—zĭn´si, not zink´ī.</p> +</div> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p> +<h2>SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE.</h2> + +<p>The following extract is from the letter of a friend, to +whom were sent some of the advance pages of this work: +"I am absolutely filled with astonishment to see how many +simple words I have been mispronouncing all my life, and +would have kept on mispronouncing to the end of my days +if my thoughts had not been directed to them. If I were in +your place I would end the book with a story in which all +the words would be used in the course of the narrative. I +can imagine no amusement more instructive or interesting +than for a social party to read in turns, under some penalty +for each mistake."</p> + +<p>I had myself conceived the idea of presenting the words +untrammeled with explanation of the orthoepy, or marks of +accent; but the form was not decided upon.</p> + +<p>The effort to compose a narrative was abandoned after a +fair trial; for to have a plot and also bring the words in natural +position would require a large volume; otherwise, it +made senseless jumble. In the trial sentences given the objects +are gained in small space. Those objects are to allow +readers to exercise the memory and test their friends; and +at the same time to use the words syntactically. It is hoped +that the reader will pardon any absurdities of context; as +they can not be avoided where one is compelled to use so +many selected words, and is obliged to force them into a +small compass.</p> + + +<hr /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span></p> +<h2>MELANGE.</h2> + +<p>The invalid came from <i>Bremen</i> to America and +hoped to be soon <i>acclimated</i>, but was stricken down +with a disease that was not <i>amenable</i> to treatment, +although he had many physicians: <i>allopathists</i>, <i>hydropathists</i> +and <i>homeopathists</i>. He said that the aim +of <i>allopathy</i> was to poison him; of <i>hydropathy</i> to +drown him; and of <i>homeopathy</i> to let him die unaided.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>One of the <i>combatants</i> struck his <i>opponent</i> in the +<i>abdomen</i> with a club, cut off an <i>alder</i> tree; he was +carried under the shade of an <i>ailantus</i> and immediately +expired.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Sophia</i> found the egg under a <i>piony</i> near the <i>shumac</i> +tree; but she broke it in carrying, and spilled +the <i>albumen</i> all over her <i>alpaca</i> dress.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The dose for an <i>adult</i> is a <i>dessert-spoonful</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>It was a plain supper—nothing but <i>aerated</i> bread, +<i>Bologna</i> sausage and <i>radishes</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>He told his <i>demonstrative disputant</i> that he did not +wish to <i>get</i> into an <i>altercation</i>, but it only appeared +to arouse his <i>combativeness</i> still more.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span> + Why do you accent the <i>antepenult</i> of <i>espionage</i>?</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>He <i>illustrated</i> his proposition by cutting off the +<i>apex</i> of the figure, and then exhibited his <i>apparatus</i> +for the production of <i>statical</i> electricity.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Two-thirds <i>gum-arabic</i> and one-third <i>gum-tragacanth</i> +make a good mucilage.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>archbishop</i> dreamed that an <i>archangel</i> came to +him and told him to have his <i>architect</i> send to an island +in the Grecian <i>Archipelago</i> for white marble for +the <i>pilasters</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Search the <i>archives</i> of history and you will not +find another such <i>prodigy</i> as Admirable <i>Crichton</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>When, after <i>traversing</i> the ocean, you find yourself +in the <i>arid</i> desert of <i>Sahara</i>, where there is no <i>aroma</i> +of sweet flowers, or anything <i>at all</i> to regale +your exhausted energies; where there is no <i>herb</i> nor +<i>herbaceous</i> plant near you; where you are almost +famished for want of some <i>potable</i> fluid; where you +are in constant fear of being <i>harassed</i> by <i>truculent +nomads</i>—then will you realize that there are no joys +<i>comparable</i> to those that exist around the <i>hearthstone</i> +of your humble home.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>When the contents of the <i>museum</i> were sold by +<i>auction</i>, the antiquary bought a roll of <i>papyrus</i> filled +with <i>hieroglyphics</i>, a kind of <i>bellows</i> used by the ancients +for starting their fires, and a fine collection of +<i>trilobites</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span> + The attempt at a <i>reconnoisance</i> in force had been +unsuccessful; immediately after <i>reveille</i>, the commander +of the <i>fortress</i> <i>put</i> it to vote amongst his officers, +whether or not they should surrender. The +<i>ayes</i> carried it, although some <i>vehemently</i> opposed on +account of the excellent <i>morale</i> of the garrison.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>heroine</i> of the <i>melodrama</i> sent to her <i>betrothed +Seignior</i> an <i>exquisite bouquet</i>, composed of <i>catalpa</i> +flowers, <i>dahlias</i>, <i>marigold</i> and <i>thyme</i>, and prayed his +forgiveness for not allowing him the promised <i>tête-à-tête</i> +at the <i>trysting</i> place; she had been suffering with +the <i>tic-douloureux</i>, she said. He generously forgave +her and sent her a <i>sonnet</i>, in which he said that her +voice was sweeter than that of <i>Piccolomini</i>, or any +other <i>cantatrice</i>; that no <i>houri</i> could be more beautiful +than she; he called her a fair <i>florist</i>, and after +<i>extolling</i> her <i>naïveté</i>, <i>roseate</i> cheeks and <i>nymphean</i> +graces, he swore eternal <i>homage</i> and that he would +love her forever and for <i>aye</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The judge <i>bade</i> the <i>desperado</i> cease his <i>badinage</i> +and answer his <i>inquiries</i>, and threatened that if he +did not, he would punish him for his <i>contumacy</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>vicar</i> was one of the <i>notable</i> men of his day; +his wife was a pattern of <i>industry</i>, a <i>notable</i> housekeeper. +While the birds were chirping their <i>matin</i> +song, she might be seen with her <i>besom</i> in her hand.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Is this a <i>bona fide</i> transaction, or is it a <i>Machiavelian + </i><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span> +attempt to <i>inveigle</i> the <i>prelate</i> into an <i>imbroglio</i>?</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>A <i>booth</i> was erected at the fair where the <i>pretty</i> +Misses <i>Agnes</i> and <i>Rosalind</i> with much <i>complaisance</i> +dispensed <i>gratis</i> to the visitors, <i>soda-water</i> flavored +with <i>orgeat</i> or <i>sarsaparilla</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>General <i>Silvester</i> and his <i>protégé</i>, <i>Reginald</i>, met +with a <i>casualty</i> that nearly cost them their lives. The +horses attached to their <i>Brougham</i> became frightened +at a <i>yacht</i> and made a <i>tremendous</i> leap over a high +embankment into a <i>creek</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>At the <i>zoological</i> garden was found nearly every +animal <i>extant</i>, from a mouse to a <i>camelopard</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>rendezvous</i> of the <i>topographical</i> surveyors was +at the camp of some hunters on a <i>knoll</i> near the +banks of a <i>cañon</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The monk concealed his features with his <i>capoch</i> +and would have been <i>irrecognizable</i> if his <i>discourse</i> +had not betrayed him.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>étagère</i> stands <i>cater-cornered</i> in a <i>recess</i> and +contains many beautiful ornaments that his <i>predecessor</i> +<i>gathered</i> within the last <i>decade</i> of years; amongst +which may be mentioned the heads of <i>Beethoven</i>, +<i>Béranger</i>, <i>Goethe</i>, Percy <i>Bysshe</i> Shelley, and many +other celebrities, cut in <i>onyx</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span> + The <i>Caucasian</i> races obtained their name on account +of originating near Mount <i>Caucasus</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>mischievous</i> children got <i>cayenne</i> all over their +<i>chaps</i>, by which they were sufficiently punished +without any further <i>chastening</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>chivalric</i> Don Quixote, having become a +<i>monomaniac</i> on the subject of <i>chivalry</i>, bestrode his +<i>Rosinante</i>, and, attended by his squire, started out to +perform <i>chivalrous</i> deeds.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Lord C. has been absent since <i>February</i>, 1870; it +is said that he has been traveling <i>incognito</i>, but it is +certain that in Italy he has retained his <i>cognomen</i>. +He is now at <i>Modena</i> awaiting the recovery of his +<i>Cicerone</i>, when he intends to visit <i>Genoa</i> and <i>Milan</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>obesity</i> of the <i>florid</i>-faced prebendary is observed +to increase with his <i>prebend</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>I have heard much of the <i>gamins</i> of <i>Gotham</i>, but +I never realized what the <i>gallows</i>-deserving rascals +were till I settled in New York City. I opened business +as a <i>pharmaceutist</i> on a corner that was a favorite +<i>haunt</i> of theirs. Such a crowd of <i>tatterdemalions</i> +as stood in front of my show-window the first +day I made my display of <i>Parisian</i> fancy goods, baffles +description. One had the <i>hooping</i> cough, and +every now and then would hoop till the <i>perspiration</i> +rolled down his face; then he would shriek out the +daily <i>newspapers</i>, in a voice like a <i>calliope</i>. One + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span> +dirty-faced <i>gourmand</i> ate <i>papaws</i> till he had to <i>gape</i> +for breath, and would shoot the seeds and throw the +skins at his <i>hundred</i> comrades, half of them coming +in my front door. Another, dressed in ragged <i>jean</i>, +his face covered with <i>soot</i>, played the <i>jew's-harp</i> hour +after hour, with as much pride in his ability as <i>Paganini</i> +at his violin. Another, a tall, <i>jaundice</i> visaged +youth with an <i>embryo</i> beard of about a dozen hairs, +covered nearly to his heels with his great-grandfather's +<i>surtout</i>, in the <i>lapel</i> of which was pinned a +death's-head, danced upon the iron cellar door till it +roared like distant artillery.</p> + +<p>Then there were many other "<i>partners</i>" bearing +such <i>sobriquets</i> as "Sore Snoot," "Pig Eye," "Limpy," +etc., <i>improvising irrational</i> songs, boxing, +<i>wrestling</i>, indulging in <i>raillery</i> and <i>ribald</i> jests, +pitching <i>quoits</i>, <i>meawing</i> like cats, howling at my +<i>patrons</i> and driving reputable <i>patronage</i> away. Every +now and then they would send in little, <i>saucy</i>, <i>precocious</i> +urchins, who offered to <i>patronize</i> me by asking +for two cents' worth of <i>jujube</i> paste, <i>tolu</i> or <i>licorice</i>, +or some <i>Samaritan</i> <i>salve</i> for Jim Biles' sore nose. +At last, when the sun had reached the <i>horizon</i>, as a +<i>finale</i> of the day's <i>progress</i>, one of the young villains +hurled a bowlder through my French plate-glass, +which, after its flight through a lot of <i>citrate</i> of magnesia, +<i>cochineal</i> and <i>quinine</i>, finally spilled a large +bottle of red ink all over my new <i>pharmacopœia</i>. +Springing over the <i>débris</i>, I rushed to the door with + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span> +<i>implacable</i> anger flashing from my eyes. But one +glance at that <i>imperturbable</i> crowd showed me how +<i>impotent</i> I was. One of them with <i>placid</i> countenance +and <i>stolid</i> indifference simply accosted me with, +"Say, Mister, are you going to see the '<i>Naiad</i> +Queen' to-night?"</p> + +<p>I left that store in less than a <i>fortnight</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>comptroller</i> was appointed by the <i>government</i> +upon the supposition that he was <i>conversant</i> with the +details of <i>finance</i>; but he was only a <i>mediocre financier</i> +and was not aware of the <i>deficit</i> in the <i>finances</i>, +until the conscience-stricken <i>defalcating</i> officer acknowledged +his <i>defalcation</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The emigrants to the <i>frontier</i> chose a beautiful +spot for their settlement; but they found that the +wells dug there and on the <i>contiguous prairies</i> had a +<i>saline</i> taste; so they were obliged to bring water +from the <i>mountainous</i> region beyond, by means of a +<i>conduit</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>From the <i>congeries</i> presented to the professor, he, +at his <i>leisure</i>, <i>isolated</i> each genus and gave <i>generic</i> +names to each; and at the next meeting of the <i>lyceum</i>, +he solicited attention to his <i>data</i> and the <i>truths</i> +he had deduced.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The handsome <i>contour</i> of <i>Madame</i> G's face has +been spoiled by an <i>excrescence</i> like a <i>raspberry</i> on +her <i>nasal</i> organ.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span> + Young <i>Philemon</i> after reading <i>Lalla Rookh</i>, <i>Lara</i>, +Don <i>Juan</i>, The <i>Giaour</i>, the productions of Mrs. +<i>Hemans</i>, and a few others, was seized with the determination +to become a poet; but he has only succeeded +in becoming a <i>poetaster</i>, without any ideas of <i>prosody</i>. +More <i>metrical</i> excellence and sense can be +found in the <i>distich</i>:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<p>"Mary, Mary, quite <i>contrary</i>,</p> +<p>How does your garden grow?"</p> +</div></div> + +<p>than in any of the <i>products</i> of his brain that he has +given us. His brothers, <i>Eben</i> and <i>Philander</i>, have +become stage-struck, and expect to excel in the <i>Protean</i> +art. Their <i>guardian</i>, himself a great lover of +<i>drama</i>, having foolish confidence in their success, +grants them <i>plenary</i> indulgence in all their whims. +They are <i>habitués</i> of the <i>theatre</i>, and have fitted up +a <i>suite</i> of apartments next to a <i>suit</i> of rooms occupied +by some stock actors, with whom they are bound +in <i>indissoluble</i> bonds of friendship. There they +spend the day in practice, and if you should call at +any hour, there is no telling what will present itself +to you. Perhaps Macbeth with the <i>glamour</i> of his +eyes, viewing the imaginary <i>gouts</i> of blood; or <i>Banquo</i> +with his gory locks; or some knight with his +<i>cuirass</i> on and his <i>visor</i> down, plunging, without a +<i>qualm</i>, his carmine-stained <i>poniard</i> into the <i>jugular</i> +of some <i>patriot</i>. Possibly, Othello the <i>Moor</i>, King +John with the <i>Magna Charta</i>, or a <i>legendary</i> warrior +of frightful <i>mien</i> with his <i>falchion</i> drawn, will admit + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span> +you. Or you may see a <i>viscount</i> with <i>falcon</i>, a <i>rampant</i> +villain, a <i>jocund</i> host, or an <i>irate</i>, <i>splenetic</i> old +man with <i>spectacles</i>, pronouncing with <i>senile vehemence</i> +a curse upon some <i>fragile</i> female in <i>negligee</i> +before him, who beseeches the aid of an <i>immobile +statue</i> in a <i>niche</i> in the wall. You may get there in +the nick of time to save Desdemona by an <i>exposé</i> of +<i>Iago</i>'so villainy, to rescue Pythias whom Damon holds +by the <i>nape</i> of the neck on the <i>threshold</i> of eternity, +or to restrain the <i>suicidal</i> design of the <i>Montague</i> by +informing him that the fair Capulet is only under the +influence of a <i>soporific</i>—not dead. You may arrive +soon enough to arouse the womanhood in the <i>docile</i> +Kate, making her less <i>docible</i>, and talk woman's +rights to <i>Petruchio</i>, making him more <i>lenient</i>.</p> + +<p>And you will find the guardian of these promising +youths, sitting there all day shouting <i>encore</i> to +their absurdities, and not <i>rational</i> enough to see his +<i>indiscretion</i> in permitting their <i>frivolity</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>ennui</i>, recently complained of, was relieved by +an invitation to a party given by the <i>Mesdames</i> B., +the same you met at the <i>conversazione</i> of the church +<i>guild</i>. The ladies received their guests with their +usual <i>suavity</i>. Their niece, <i>Rosamond</i>, recently from +<i>Madrid</i>, was the attraction of the evening; she wore +an elegant <i>moire</i> antique with a profusion of <i>valenciennes</i>; +she had a beautiful set of jewelry—<i>opal</i> +and diamonds. It was marvelous how her <i>tiny</i> hands +flew over the <i>piano-forte</i>. She sings very sweetly + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span> +too; her voice is a sort of <i>mezzo-soprano</i>. The +<i>naïve</i> Miss <i>Ursula</i> was present, nearly smothered in +black silk and <i>guipure</i>. She looks much prettier in +<i>dishabille</i>. The little <i>piquant</i> Miss <i>Irene</i>, with her +<i>plaited</i> hair, sang with a voice like a <i>paroquet</i> her +favorite, "<i>Tassels</i> on the Boots." That disgusting +young <i>Leopold</i> was there, feeling as important as a +<i>Rothschild</i>, making his <i>salams</i>, and <i>palavering sotto +voce</i> to all the girls, circulating his <i>monogram</i> cards +and sporting his paste pin with its dazzling <i>facets</i>. +He thinks he cuts a wide <i>swath</i>.</p> + +<p>Late in the evening those that were fond of <i>Terpsichorean</i> +amusement were ushered into a room where +the <i>tapestry</i> was covered and there spent several hours +in <i>minuets</i>, waltzes, quadrilles, etc.</p> + +<p>The topics of conversation amongst the more sensible +during the evening were the object of the visit +of the new <i>prelate</i>, and the recent speeches of <i>Disraeli</i> +and <i>Thiers</i>.</p> + +<p>Madame B. caused a good deal of merriment by +describing an improvement in her <i>cuisine</i> that had +been introduced that day. Bridget, a late importation +from <i>Belfast</i>, who had charge of the <i>culinary</i> +department, was told to send for some <i>vermicelli</i> to +put in the soup, but she ordered <i>spermaceti</i> instead.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>There was an old superstition that when the <i>sacristan</i> +caused the bell in the <i>cupola</i> to toll its <i>dolorous</i> +funeral notes, the <i>manes</i> of former friends joined + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span> +in the solemn <i>cortege</i>, and gathering around the grave +moved their lips in inaudible <i>requiem</i>, and wrote in +invisible letters upon the tomb, <i>omega</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The great <i>desideratum</i> in the successful argument +of <i>disputable</i> points, is the possession of an <i>equable</i> +temper.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Alphonso</i>, while out hunting <i>partridges</i>, fell into a +<i>slough</i>. Being clothed only in <i>nainsook</i>, he took a +severe cold, which soon resulted in <i>febrile</i> symptoms.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Dr. Mastiff's <i>posthumous monograph</i> on "<i>Rabies</i>" +will soon appear. The <i>frontispiece</i> represents a group +of dogs. Next to the <i>preface</i> is a <i>memoir</i> of the author. +It was his own design to have "<i>Finis</i>" placed +upon a cut of a tombstone. It almost seems that he +had a <i>presentiment</i> of his death.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Suffice</i> it to say that the dentist gave the patient +enough letheon to produce unconsciousness, and then +applied his <i>forceps</i> to the offending tooth. Letheon, +accented on the first syllable, and <i>lethean</i> are derived +from <i>Lethe</i>, the name of a river described in mythology, +a draught from which caused forgetfulness.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Sulphurous</i> acid is <i>gaseous</i>, not liquid.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>It is reported in the <i>Pall Mall</i> Gazette that <i>Basil</i> +S., whom you met several years ago at <i>Leipsic</i>, is +dead. He lived the life of a <i>roué</i> for some years in +Paris and London, and turned out to be a most <i>perfidious</i> +villain. In the latter city he committed + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span> +many <i>heinous</i> offenses and acts of <i>subtle</i> knavery that +were almost without <i>precedent</i>. He was engaged for +a long time in the manufacture of <i>spurious</i> money by +a new <i>process</i>, in which dies were taken from <i>gutta-percha</i> +impressions. He had purchased the services +of an experienced professor of <i>metallurgy</i>, and the +<i>produce</i> of their crime would have been immense, if +some of his other crimes had not been betrayed. +<i>Placards</i>, offering a large reward for his arrest, were +posted all over the city. He fled to Venice where +he was soon afterward drowned by falling from a +<i>gondola</i>, thus cheating the <i>gibbet</i> of its dues.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The foolish lover, <i>Ivan</i>, rendered desperate because +his rival <i>Darius</i> had gained the <i>precedence</i> in +<i>Marion's</i> esteem, resolved to commit suicide and +rushed <i>toward</i> the <i>quay</i> and plunged into the water. +Some fishermen rescued him with their <i>seine</i>, poured +some <i>potheen</i> down his throat, and carried him home +on a piece of <i>tarpaulin</i>. His <i>sousing</i> cured him of +his folly, but was a poor <i>guerdon</i> for his faithfulness.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>Saracens</i>, taking advantage of the <i>strategic</i> +point, made a sudden dash into the territory of the +<i>usurper</i>; while a detachment <i>houghed</i> the horses of +the enemy's <i>cavalry</i>, the rest proceeded on a <i>predatory</i> +raid characterized by <i>rapine</i> and terror, and after +the <i>spoliation</i> of the villages, and the burning of +the <i>granaries</i>, returned to their own possessions.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Lionel</i>, <i>prejudiced</i> against the world on account + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span> +of <i>onerous</i> cares, concluded to make a <i>sacrifice</i> of his +wealth and position and become a <i>recluse</i>. His little +<i>hovel</i> on the <i>heather</i>, whitened with lime which he +himself <i>slaked</i>, and the little flower garden <i>redolent</i> +of spring, present a strange contrast with his former +mansion and magnificent grounds.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Eva</i> answered the <i>inquiry</i> of the French gentleman, +"Parlez-vous français?" with a "Oui;" but +when she came to converse with him, he understood +about as much of her <i>patois</i> as he did of <i>Hindoostanee</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>There is a fabulous report that the <i>upas</i> tree exhales +a <i>subtile</i> vapor that is fatal to animal life.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Since <i>Joshua</i> has obtained his lucrative <i>sinecure</i>, he +spends his time in riding about in his <i>phaeton</i> and +reading <i>romances</i>. He is <i>loth</i> to acknowledge that +he was ever a <i>plebeian</i> and did all kinds of <i>servile</i> +work. He is confident that his <i>genealogy</i>, if known, +would show that he was unto a <i>manor</i> born, and that +some <i>supposititious</i> child robbed him of his rights.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The knight dropped his <i>wassail cup</i> and sprang to +the assistance of the ladies. "<i>Gramercy</i>," <i>quoth</i> +they, <i>simultaneously</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>veterinary</i> physician said that the disease was +<i>murrain</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>An <i>infinitesimal</i> quantity of <i>yeast</i> excited the fermentation.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span> + <i>Augustine</i> studied <i>microscopy</i> just long enough to +learn that a <i>monad</i> is one of the simplest kind of +minute <i>animalcules</i>; he then tried chemistry and +<i>mineralogy</i>, but he could not master the <i>nomenclature</i>; +he then took a fancy for <i>telegraphy</i>, but soon +abandoned the idea of becoming a <i>telegraphist</i>. At +last accounts, he apprenticed himself to a druggist, +but was told to <i>vamos</i> soon after making up a lot of +<i>Seidlitz</i> powders with oxalic instead of <i>tartaric</i> acid.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Artemas</i> has applied for a <i>patent</i> on an improved +<i>turbine</i> wheel.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>Mr. B., recollecting the <i>precedent</i> services of his +servant, advanced him money enough to lift the <i>lien</i> +on his dwelling.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>The <i>lithographer</i> had only a poor <i>melanotype</i> to +copy from, but he succeeded in making an excellent +print.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>"Thou shalt destroy them that speak <i>leasing</i>," is +found in the sixth verse of the fifth <i>psalm</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>At the examination in <i>orthoepy</i>, <i>Deborah</i> had the +following words given to her: <i>contumely</i>, <i>crinoline</i>, +<i>feudal</i>, <i>fetid</i>, <i>fetor</i>, <i>gerund</i>, <i>gneiss</i>, <i>gyrfalcon</i>, <i>harem</i>, +<i>Hawaiian</i>, <i>hygiene</i>, <i>lariat</i>, <i>leverage</i>, <i>nonillion</i>, <i>obligatory</i>, +<i>platina</i>, <i>platinum</i>, <i>psalmody</i>, <i>psychical</i>, <i>purulent</i>, +<i>pyrites</i>, <i>recherché</i>, <i>résumé</i>, <i>sacerdotal</i>, <i>sacrament</i>, +<i>schism</i>, <i>shekel</i>, <i>stearine</i> and <i>troches</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span> + The objective, me, is <i>often</i> erroneously used instead +of the <i>nominative</i>, I, in answer to the question—"Who +is there?"</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>In the <i>dramatis personæ</i> of "Midsummer Night's +Dream," <i>Oberon</i> and <i>Titania</i>, king and queen of the +fairies, are introduced.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p>At the examination in geography, <i>Ada</i> was required +to draw a map of <i>Asia</i>, which would have +been well done, if she had not drawn <i>Persia</i>, <i>Afghanistan</i> +and <i>Beloochistan</i> nearly twice their proper +size. She was then asked to give the location and +length of the <i>Altai</i> and <i>Vosges</i> mountains, and the +height of their principal peaks; a description of the +<i>Aral</i>, <i>Adriatic</i> and <i>Caribbean</i> seas; the course and +length of the <i>Amoor</i> and <i>Yang tse-kiang</i>; and the +location and population of <i>Valparaiso</i> (<i>Chili</i>), <i>Bantam</i>, +(<i>Java</i>), <i>Norwich</i>, (Eng.), <i>Pesth</i>, <i>Quebec</i>, <i>Valenciennes</i>, +<i>Neufchatel</i>, <i>Nantes</i> and <i>Aix-la-Chapelle</i>.</p> + +<p>Her sister, <i>Frances</i>, was told to draw maps of <i>Buenos +Ayres</i> and <i>Otaheite</i>, and to bound <i>Venezuela</i> and +<i>Arkansas</i>; to give the length and direction of the +<i>Araguay</i>, <i>Juniata</i>, <i>Kankakee</i>, <i>Barbados</i> and <i>San +Joaquin</i>; the location of Cape <i>Agulhas</i>; the situation +and population of <i>Bingen</i>, <i>Calais</i>, <i>Canton</i>, <i>Acapulco</i>, +<i>Chuquisaca</i>, <i>Delhi</i>, <i>Dubuque</i>, <i>Jeddo</i>, <i>Quereturo</i>, +<i>Truxillo</i>, <i>Leicester</i> and <i>Vevay</i>, and a description +of <i>Sumatra</i>, <i>Zanzibar</i>, <i>Barbadoes</i> and the <i>Antilles</i>.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><i>Sigismund</i> has just returned from <i>Yosemite</i> Valley.</p> + +<hr class="hr2" /> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span> + <i>Cecily</i>, <i>Chloe</i> and <i>Viola</i> have just passed their +examination in biography. The names presented to +them were the following: <i>N. S. Adam</i> (Fr.), <i>G. +Adam</i> (Ger.), <i>Beatrice Cenci</i>, <i>Blucher</i>, <i>Boccaccio</i>, +<i>Anne Boleyn</i>, <i>Marco Bozzaris</i>, <i>Joseph Buonaparte</i>, +<i>D'Aubigné</i>, <i>Daubigny</i>, <i>Drouyn de Lhuys</i>, <i>Juarez</i>, +<i>Lavater</i>, <i>Marat</i>, <i>Marion</i>, <i>Catherine de Medici</i>, <i>Moultrie</i>, +<i>Ovid</i>, <i>Pliny</i>, <i>Ponce de Leon</i> and <i>Richelieu</i>.</p> + + +<hr /> +<h2>VIOLATED RULES OF GRAMMAR.</h2> + +<p>Many, who claim to be good grammarians, are occasionally +guilty of the violation of certain important +rules. Attention is solicited to a few of the +more common errors of this nature.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>NUMBER.</h3> + +<p>Certain compounds change the form of the first +word in pluralizing, as: <i>court-martial</i>, <i>brother-in-law</i>, +<i>sister-in-law</i>. Plural, <i>courts-martial</i>, <i>brothers-in-law</i>, +etc. "John has three brother-in-laws," then, is incorrect.</p> + +<p>But <i>tea-spoonful</i>, <i>table-spoonful</i>, <i>cupful</i>, <i>pocketful</i>, +etc., are not considered such compounds; therefore, +"two tea-spoonsful of medicine" and "two-cupsful of +flour," should be, "two tea-spoonfuls of medicine," +and "two cupfuls of flour."</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span> + When name and title are given, with a numeral +adjective prefixed, the <i>name</i> is pluralized. "Are the +two Misses Wilson at home?" should be, "Are the +two Miss Wilsons at home?" But when the numeral +is omitted the <i>title</i> must be pluralized. "Were +the Dr. Browns there?" should be, "Were the Drs. +Brown there?" The rule has been given that the +<i>name</i> only of married ladies is pluralized, but +there appears to be no reason except that of euphony: +the <i>Mrs. Clarks</i> certainly sounds more agreeably +than the <i>Mistresses Clark</i>. In giving the plural +of such titles as: <i>Hon.</i>, <i>Rev.</i>, <i>Squire</i> and <i>Capt.</i>, +euphony is also often considered; but in such cases +it would doubtless be better to add the numeral, as: +the <i>three Hon. Jacksons</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>EACH OTHER—ONE ANOTHER.</h3> + +<p><i>Each other</i> applies to two; <i>one another</i> to more +than two. "The three witnesses contradicted each +other," and "the two men accused one another," are +incorrect.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>NEITHER, NOT—NOR.</h3> + +<p><i>Neither</i> and <i>not</i> are followed by <i>nor</i>, not <i>or</i>. +"Neither James or Charles will come," and "it is +not white or black," are incorrect.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>TO BE, UNITING WORDS.</h3> + +<p>Words united by <i>to be</i>, referring to the same person, +must be of the same case.</p> + +<p>"It is me," "It may have been him," "It could + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></span> +not be her," and "It was not them," are not correct: +<i>it</i>, in each of the sentences, is <i>nominative</i> and the +other pronouns should be <i>I</i>, <i>he</i>, <i>she</i> and <i>they</i>. "I +took it to be he," and "I understood it to be they," +are also wrong; for <i>it</i> is objective in both instances, +and the following pronouns should be <i>him</i> and <i>them</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>THAN, AS.</h3> + +<p><i>Than</i> and <i>as</i> implying comparison, have the same +case after as before. "He loses more than me," +"John knows more than him" and "James is not so +tall as her," should be, "He loses more than I" +(lose), "John knows more than he" (knows) and +"James is not so tall as she" (is tall).</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>WHO.</h3> + +<p>Errors connected with the use of this word are +very common, even amongst good speakers.</p> + +<p>"Who did you see?" "Who do you know?" and +"Who did you hear?" are wrong: <i>whom</i> should be +used, for it is the object of the transitive verbs, <i>see</i>, +<i>know</i> and <i>hear</i>. <i>Who</i> in such sentences as: "Who +are you looking at?" and "Who are you writing +to?" should likewise be changed into <i>whom</i>, for it is +the <i>object</i> of the prepositions <i>at</i> and <i>to</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS.</h3> + +<p>Adjectives are often erroneously used for adverbs +in sentences like the following: "This is an uncommon +good portrait," "It is a miserable poor painting. + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></span> +"<i>Uncommonly good</i> and <i>miserably poor</i> are +right.</p> + +<p>Adverbs are still more commonly used for adjectives. +"Mary looked <i>beautifully</i> at the party," and +"Janauschek looked <i>majestically</i> on the stage," are +incorrect, for it is intended to describe the appearance +of Mary and Janauschek, not their manner of +looking; therefore the adjectives <i>beautiful</i> and <i>majestic</i> +should be used.</p> + +<p>When <i>two</i> objects are compared, the <i>comparative</i> +degree should be used. "William is the heaviest of +the two," and "Which is the most desirable—health +or wealth?" ought to be, "William is the heavier +of the two," and "Which is the more desirable—health +or wealth?"</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>THESE, THOSE.</h3> + +<p>The plural demonstratives <i>these</i> and <i>those</i> are often +erroneously used with singular nouns, as: "I don't +like these kind of people," and "Those sort of +things are very embarrassing." <i>Kind</i> and <i>sort</i> are +singular and should have <i>this</i> and <i>that</i>.</p> + + +<p> </p> +<h3>INTO.</h3> + +<p><i>Into</i>, not <i>in</i>, is used to show the relation between +verbs expressing motion, entrance, change of state, +etc., and an objective case, as: "Come into the +house," "Step into the carriage," and "Look into +the room."</p> + +<hr /> +<div class="tn"> +<h4>Transcriber's Note:</h4> +<ul class="corrections"> +<li>Added punctuation as needed to preserve the author's and publisher's intent.</li> +<li>Addition to the pronunciation guide: + <ul> + <li>Small capital "<span class="smcap">d</span>" indicates a sound similar to + "th" (this).</li> + <li>Small capital "<span class="smcap">g</span>" and "<span class="smcap">k</span>" + indicates the sound of the German "ch".</li> + <li>Small capital "<span class="smcap">h</span>" resembles a guttural and + strongly-aspirated "h".</li> + <li>Small capital "<span class="smcap">r</span>" resembles the sound of "rr" (terror).</li> + <li>Small capital "<span class="smcap">u</span>" indicates the sound of the French "eu", + and resembles the sound of the German "ö".</li> + <li>The sound for the small capitals "<span class="smcap">th</span>" is unknown.</li> + </ul> +</li> +<li>Page <a href="#spelling">17</a> Corrected spelling of "spellling" to "spelling" in +"Worcestor's spellling is".</li> +<li>Page <a href="#lengthen">29</a> Corrected spelling of "lenghten" to "lengthen" in "also, +in lengthy, lenghten".</li> +</ul> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Every-Day Errors of Speech, by L. 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