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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Every-Day Errors of Speech, by L. P. Meredith
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Every-Day Errors of Speech
+
+Author: L. P. Meredith
+
+Release Date: May 19, 2010 [EBook #32435]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVERY-DAY ERRORS OF SPEECH ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  EVERY-DAY
+  ERRORS OF SPEECH
+
+  BY
+  L. P. MEREDITH, M.D., D.D.S.,
+  AUTHOR OF "THE TEETH, AND HOW TO SAVE THEM."
+
+  PHILADELPHIA:
+  J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
+  1876.
+
+
+
+
+  Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year, 1872, by
+  L. P. MEREDITH,
+  In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+    _Damas._ * * * The Prince of Como does not
+                  understand his own language.
+
+    _Melnotte._ Not as you pronounce it: Who the
+                  deuce could?
+
+
+It may be regarded as one of the commendable peculiarities of the
+English language that, despite provincialisms, vulgarisms, neglected
+education, foreign accent, and the various corrupting influences to
+which it is subjected, it may be understood wherever it is heard,
+whatever differences of distance or associations may have existed
+between the speaker and the listener, both claiming familiarity with
+it. Considering these influences and the arbitrariness of the
+orthoepical rules of the language, there has been expressed surprise
+that frequent degenerations into uncouth dialects or patois have not
+occurred. A decent regard for the common weal should cause
+gratification that such degenerations have not taken place, for were
+it not for the ability of our tongue to preserve its individuality
+against the tendency toward corruption, we might reasonably fear such
+a Babel-like confusion, that, when asked, "Do you speak English?" one
+might appropriately, _sans_ the profanity, reply in the language of
+the text, "Not as you pronounce it: Who the deuce could?" While the
+majority of people place no other value upon language than that of
+convenience, and are indifferent to any corruption, so long as they
+can simply understand and be understood, there is happily a better
+class, the aesthetic cultivation of which is such that those who belong
+to it are anxious to preserve the purity of our vernacular and are
+ashamed of all errors of speech in their daily conversations. For such
+it will not be uninteresting to look over a number of errors,
+principally of pronunciation, that are not formally laid down as such
+in books, and which people, even many of the best educated, are
+constantly committing, just because they have never had their
+attention called to them. These errors are becoming more deeply rooted
+every day and if not soon eradicated, it will not be many years before
+our orthoepic standard will be overthrown as it was in England some
+years ago.
+
+Smart, one of the most celebrated of English orthoepists, in the
+preface of his dictionary says: "The proprietors of Walker's
+dictionary, finding it would slide entirely out of use unless it were
+adapted to the present day, engaged me as a teacher of elocution,
+known in London since Walker's time, to make the necessary changes." A
+standard pronouncing dictionary is a work that involves an
+extraordinary amount of labor and research in its compilation, and
+exerts an influence almost autocratical. The possibility of its
+becoming worthless in a short time is strange, especially when it is
+not on account of any work claiming superiority, but merely because
+error long persisted in finally becomes more authoritative than the
+original exemplar. With little effort, however, we can discern the
+causes. Persons are apt to acquire the pronunciation and use of the
+greater number of words by imitation, rather than by study. With
+confidence in the knowledge of the parent, teacher, minister,
+physician and others, their examples are followed without ever
+considering that they are often very fallible guides.
+
+A complete dictionary is an immense volume, and to turn over its pages
+with even a casual observation of each word, requires an amount of
+time that few would feel like devoting to it; and yet this is the only
+way in which a person can become _assured_ of the sanctioned
+pronunciation and meaning of a great many words. If they would make it
+an invariable rule to make memoranda of all the words they read or
+hear spoken, about the orthoepy and import of which they are not
+absolutely certain, and at their first leisure opportunity would
+consult their chosen authority, it would not be long before the
+majority of errors would be corrected; but this requires memory,
+inclination, time, continuity of purpose, possession of dictionaries
+or access to them--circumstances that are seldom found combined. It
+will doubtless be useless to rehearse any of the arguments commonly
+employed to prove the necessity of having some sovereign standard, to
+the guidance of which we must be willing to submit. Those for whom
+this work is intended will be willing to admit that. Nor is it
+necessary to assert that as far as the English speakers of the United
+States are interested, the only works that lay claim to such a
+position are the dictionaries of Webster and Worcester. If the right
+of the opinions of the majority of scholars throughout the land were
+alone considered, the former would certainly be entitled to the
+preference; but the work of the latter is too full of merit and has
+too many adherents in the ranks of the educated to permit any one to
+say that it is not worthy of high esteem.
+
+With my own preference for the former and with my willingness to
+acknowledge the worth of the latter, I have consulted both authorities
+concerning every word in the following vocabulary--that is, every word
+requiring reference to either. It will be seen that there is much less
+difference between the decisions of the two dictionaries than is
+commonly supposed. By this reference to each, I have not only
+corrected errors in an impartial manner, but have also stopped up that
+loop-hole through which so many try to escape by saying, when they are
+called to account according to one dictionary, that they do not accept
+that as their standard. As far as the people of this country are
+concerned, there is no escape from the conclusion that a person is
+considered a correct or an incorrect speaker of English, according to
+whether or not he conforms his discourse to one of the above mentioned
+authorities. At first glance it will appear that the size of this
+volume is not at all commensurate to the task of correcting the many
+errors that are heard in our communication with all classes that
+pretend to speak the English language. It is not intended to instruct
+those whose education has been so neglected that they are guilty of
+the grossest violation of syntax and orthoepy, nor to cultivate the
+taste of those whose selection of words and cant and slang phrases
+betrays the low grade of the associations by which they have been
+surrounded. It is designed rather as a collection of the more common
+of those errors, chiefly orthoepical, that I have before spoken of as
+being of constant occurrence even among people of education, unless
+they have paid considerable attention to philology or
+_belles-lettres_. If by presenting them in this convenient form, thus
+saving much time and trouble in referring to the dictionary, I have
+merited the thanks of my readers, or if I have contributed even a mite
+toward the conservation of the present usage, I shall feel amply repaid.
+
+I have taken advantage of the alphabetical arrangement to introduce a
+few miscellaneous errors that might have been placed under a separate
+heading.
+
+Instead of dividing the words into syllables and loading them with
+marks as is usually done in dictionaries, I have thought that it would
+make a deeper impression on the memory to present the words as they
+are commonly seen in print, depending on respelling to furnish the
+correct and incorrect accent and pronunciation.
+
+The corrections have first been made according to Webster; if
+Worcester is unmentioned, it is to be understood that both authorities
+agree.
+
+  _Cincinnati, December 20, 1871._
+
+
+
+
+Errors of Speech.
+
+
+
+
+KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE RESPELLING
+
+
+  The long sounds of a, e, i, o, u, are represented by [=a], [=e], [=i],
+      [=o], [=u].
+  The short sounds of a, e, i, o, u,                "  [)a], [)e], [)i],
+      [)o], [)u].
+  _a_, as in _air_, _pair_, is represented by a.
+  _a_,   "   _far_, _arm_,       "         "  ae or ah.
+  _a_,   "   _all_, _haul_,      "         "  aw.
+  _a_,   "   _what_, _squat_,    "         "  [)o].
+  _e_,   "   _ere_, _where_,     "         "  e.
+  _e_,   "   _obey_, _weight_,   "         "  [=a].
+  _e_,   "   _her_, _term_,      "         "  e.
+  _i_,   "   _machine_,          "         "  [=e] or ee.
+  _i_,   "   _dirk_, _whirl_,    "         "  i.
+  _o_,   "   _done_, _son_,      "         "  [)u].
+  _o_,   "   _woman_,            "         "  [)o][)o].
+  _o_,   "   _do_, _move_,       "         "  [=o][=o].
+  _o_,   "   _for_, _storm_,     "         "  o or aw.
+  _oo_,  "   _soon_, _moon_,     "         "  [=o][=o].
+  _oo_,  "   _foot_, _good_,     "         "  [)o][)o].
+  _u_,   "   _rude_, _rule_,     "         "  [=o][=o].
+  _u_,   "   _push_, _pull_,     "         "  [)o][)o].
+  _u_,   "   _burn_, _turn_,     "         "  ue.
+  _oi_,} "   _oil_, _toy_,       "         "  oi.
+  _oy_,}
+  _ou_,} "   _found_, _owl_,     "         "  ow.
+  _ow_,}
+
+  _c_, as in _city_, _cite_, is represented by s or c.
+  _c_,   "   _can_, _cut_,       "         "  k.
+  _ch_,  "   _child_, _much_,    "         "  ch.
+  _ch_,  "   _machine_,          "         "  sh.
+  _ch_,  "   _chorus_,           "         "  k.
+  _g_,   "   _ginger_,           "         "  j.
+  _n_,   "   _think_, _uncle_,   "         "  n.
+  _qu_,  "   _require_,          "         "  kw.
+  _s_,   "   _these_, _ease_,    "         "  z.
+
+Obscure vowel sounds, or those which are glided over in a word without
+any noticeable accent, are unmarked. In those cases where the
+pronunciation is so evident that mistakes seem improbable, the marks
+are also omitted.
+
+
+
+
+EVERY-DAY ERRORS OF SPEECH.
+
+
+     A.
+
+     =Abacus=--ab'a-k[)u]s, not a-b[)a]k'[)u]s.
+
+     =Abdomen=--ab-d[=o]'men, not ab'do-men.
+
+     =Acclimate=--ak-kl[=i]'m[=a]te, not ak'kli-m[=a]te.
+
+     =Acclimated= is also accented on the second syllable.
+
+     =Acclimatization=--ak-kli-mat-i-z[=a]'shun, not
+       ak-kl[=i]'ma-ti-z[=a]-shun.
+
+     =Adult=--a-d[)u]lt', not [)a]d'ult.
+
+     =Aerated=--[=a]'er-[=a]-ted, not [=a]'r[=e]-[=a]-ted. "_Areated
+       bread_" is a mistake that is frequently made.
+
+     =Ailantus=--[=a]-l[)a]n't[)u]s, not [=a]-l[)a]n'th[)u]s;
+       [)a]t-l[)a]n'tus is a still worse error.
+
+     =Albumen=--al-b[=u]'men, not al'bu-men.
+
+     =Alder=--awl'der, not [)a]l'der; it is the name of a _tree_ and
+       does not mean the ordinary _elder_.
+
+     =Alike.= It is sufficient to say that two persons or things are
+       _alike_, not _both alike_. The word associated with _alike_ is
+       just as unnecessary as it is with _resemble_ and _equal_ in the
+       following sentences: "These two men _both_ resemble each
+       other." "These two sums are _both_ equal."
+
+     =Allopathy=--al-l[)o]p'a-thy, not al'lo-path-y.
+
+     =Allopathist= is similarly accented.
+
+     =Alpaca=--al-p[)a]k'a, not al-la-p[)a]k'a.
+
+     =Altercate=--[)a]l'ter-k[=a]te, not awl'ter-kate.
+
+     =Amenable=--a-m[=e]'na-ble, not a-m[)e]n'a-ble.
+
+     =Among.= A thing is divided _among_ many and _between_ two.
+
+     =Amour=--a-m[=o][=o]r', not am'-m[=o]re nor [=a]'m[=o][=o]r.
+
+     =Angry.= Say angry _with_ a person and _at_ a thing.
+
+     =Animalcula= is the plural of _animalculum_; there is no such
+       word as _animalcul[oe]_. Animalcule (singular) and animalcules
+       (plural), are proper words; the former is pronounced
+       an-i-mal'k[=u]le and the latter an-i-mal'k[=u]lz.
+
+     =Antarctic=--ant-aerk'tik, not ant-aer'tik.
+
+     =Antepenult=--an-te-pe-n[)u]lt', not an-te-p[=e]'n[)u]lt.
+
+     =Apex=--[=a]'pex, not [)a]p'ex.
+
+     =Apparatus=--ap-pa-r[=a]'tus, not ap-pa-r[)a]t'us.
+
+     =Aquaria=, not _aquariums_, is the plural of _aquarium_.
+
+     =Arabic=--[)a]r'a-b[)i]k, not a-r[)a]b'[)i]k, a-r[=a]'b[)i]k, nor
+       [)a]r'a-b[)a]k; which errors are very common, especially in the
+       compound word _gum-arabic_.
+
+     =Arbitrary= is often incorrectly pronounced as if spelled
+       _ar-bi-ta-ry_.
+
+     =Archangel=--aerk-[=a]n'jel, not aerch-[=a]n'jel.
+
+     =Archbishop=--aerch-bish'op, not aerk-bish'op.
+
+     =Archipelago=--aerk-i-pel'a-g[=o], not aerch-i-pel'a-g[=o].
+
+     =Architect=--aer'ki-tect, not aer'chi-tect.
+
+     =Archives=--aer'k[=i]vez, not aer'ch[=i]vez, nor aer'k[=e]vez.
+
+     =Arctic=--aerk'tik, not aer'tik.
+
+     =Arid=--[)a]r'id, not [=a]'rid.
+
+     =Aroma=--a-r[=o]'ma, not [)a]r'o-ma.
+
+     =At= should not be used when it has no possible connection with
+       the other words of a sentence; as, "Where are you living _at_?"
+
+     =At all=, not a tall.
+
+     =Attacked=, not attackted.
+
+     =Auction=--awk'shun, not [)o]k'shun.
+
+     =Ay= or =Aye=, meaning _yes_, and =aye=, an affirmative vote, are
+       pronounced ae[)i] and not [=i] nor [=a].
+
+     =Aye=, meaning forever, always (used chiefly in poetry), is
+       pronounced [=a] not [=i] nor ae[)i].
+
+
+     B.
+
+     =Bade=--b[)a]d, not b[=a]de.
+
+     =Badinage=--b[)a]d'in-aezh, not b[)a]d'in-[=a]je. Worcester gives
+       the same pronunciation, but places the accent on the last
+       syllable.
+
+     =Balance.= There are two common errors connected with this word.
+       One is to write it _ballance_: the other is to use it in the
+       sense of _remainder_, _rest_, etc.; as, the _balance_ of the
+       day, the _balance_ of the people. Balance means properly "the
+       excess on one side, or what added to the other makes equality."
+       The corrupt use of the word, as above mentioned, is laid down
+       as a vulgarism.
+
+     =Bantam=, not _banty_.
+
+     =Bellows=--b[)e]l'l[)u]s, not b[)e]l'l[=o]z. The plural is the
+       same as the singular.
+
+     =Besom=--b[=e]'zum, not b[=e]'sum. A broom.
+
+     =Betroth=--be-tr[)o]th, not be-tr[=o]th. =Betrothed=,
+       =Betrothal=, etc., are similarly pronounced.
+
+     =Blacking=, not _blackening_ for boots and shoes.
+
+     =Blouse=--blowz, not blowss.
+
+     =Bologna=--b[=o]-l[=o]n'ya, not b[=o]-l[=o]'na. _Bologna_
+       sausage, _Bologna_ phial, etc.
+
+     =Bona fide=--b[=o]'na-f[=i]'de, not b[=o]'na-f[=i]de nor
+       b[)o]n'a-f[=i]de.
+
+     =Booth.= The _th_ is sounded as in the preposition _with_, not as
+       in _both_.
+
+     =Bouquet=--b[=o][=o]-k[=a]' or bo[=o][=o]'k[=a], not b[=o]-k[=a]'.
+
+     =Bourgeois=, meaning a kind of type, is pronounced buer-jois', not
+       like the following word:
+
+     =Bourgeois=, a citizen, pronounced b[=o][=o]r-zhwaw'.
+
+     =Brand-new=, not _bran-new_. Although the latter adjective is
+       much used, it is evidently a corruption of the former. An
+       article in its newness may be bright like a _brand_ of fire, or
+       the _brand_ of the manufacturer may remain intact, but there is
+       certainly no _bran_ about it.
+
+     =Breeches=--br[)i]tch'ez, not as spelled.
+
+     =Bretzel=, not _pretzel_. A brittle German cake.
+
+     =Brilliant.= A diamond of the finest cut, with its faces and
+       facets so arranged as to secure the greatest degree of
+       brilliancy--whence the name. The name to many conveys the idea
+       of paste, or imitation. A _rose_ diamond may be just as pure,
+       but its depth does not permit it to be made a _brilliant_ of
+       without a much greater loss of substance.
+
+     =Brougham=--br[=o][=o]m or br[=o][=o]'am, not br[=o]'am nor
+       brow'am. A kind of carriage.
+
+     =Burst=, =Burst= and =Bursting=, not _bust_, _busted_ and
+       _busting_.
+
+
+     C.
+
+     =Calculate= is often inappropriately used in lieu of _believe_,
+       _suppose_, _expect_, etc., as in the following sentences: "I
+       _calculate_ you are my friend;" "I _calculate_ the report is
+       true." Still worse than this passive misuse is that active one
+       of using the word in some such sense as this: "Doctor, I know
+       that you are a man of great intelligence and I have unlimited
+       confidence in your honor and ability; but I must say that I
+       think the course of treatment pursued by you during this
+       epidemic, is _calculated_ to increase the mortality among your
+       patients." How inconsistent with the encomium is the dreadful
+       accusation just following! As if the Doctor had sat down and
+       _calculated_ how he could cause injury rather than benefit.
+       Calculate means to ascertain by means of figures or to study
+       what means must be used to secure a certain result. A person
+       may make a speech, write a book, or do anything else
+       _calculated_ to do good, or more rarely, evil, but the
+       intention to accomplish the object spoken of must be present,
+       before the word can be properly used.
+
+     =Calliope=--kal-l[=i]'o-pe, not kal'li-[=o]pe.
+
+     =Calvary=, not _cavalry_, when the place of our Saviour's
+       crucifixion is meant.
+
+     =Camelopard=--ka-mel'o-paerd or kam'el-o-paerd, not
+       kam-el-l[)e]op'ard.
+
+     =Cantatrice=--k[)a]n-ta-tr[=e]'che, not k[)a]n'ta-treess.
+
+     =Canon=--k[)a]n'yun, not k[)a]n'nun. A deep gorge or ravine.
+       Spelled also =Canyon=, pronounced kaen-y[=o]n' or k[)a]n'yon.
+
+     =Capoch=--ka-p[=o][=o]tsh', not ka-p[=o]ch'. =Capouch= is another
+       orthography.
+
+     =Caption= in the sense of the heading of a discourse, chapter,
+       page, etc., is not sanctioned by good writers.
+
+     =Carminative=--kaer-m[=i]n'a-tive, not kaer'mi-n[=a]-tive.
+
+     =Casualty=--k[)a]zh'u-al-ty, not k[)a]z-u-[)a]l'i-ty.
+
+     =Cater-cornered=--k[=a]'ter-cor-nered, not k[)a]t'ty-cor-nered.
+       Not down, thus compounded in Webster, but his pronunciation of
+       the separate words is as given. Worcester gives the word as
+       above and defines it as an adjective--diagonal. It is generally
+       used though, I believe, as an adverb; as, "the piano stands
+       cater-cornered" (diagonally). It is regarded as an inelegant
+       word, diagonal and diagonally being preferred: though it is
+       probable that this opinion has been caused by the abominable
+       pronunciations _catty_ and _kitty_ cornered.
+
+     =Catalpa=--ka-t[)a]l'pa, not ka-tawl'pa.
+
+     =Catch=, =Catching=--k[)a]tch and k[)a]tching, not k[)e]tch and
+       k[)e]tching.
+
+     =Catholic= means liberal, general, not bigoted, and not _Roman_
+       Catholic, unless specially so applied.
+
+     =Caucasian=--kaw-k[=a]'sian,not kaw-k[=a]zh'ian, kaw-k[)a]sh'ian,
+       kaw-k[=a]z'ian nor kaw-k[)a]ss'ian.
+
+     =Cayenne=--k[=a]-[)e]n', not k[=i]-[)e]n'.
+
+     =Chaps=--ch[)o]ps, not ch[)a]ps. The jaws. =Chops= is also
+       correct orthography.
+
+     =Chasten=--ch[=a]s'en, not ch[)a]s'en. =Chastened=,
+       =chastening=, etc., have also the long a.
+
+     =Chew=, not _chaw_. The latter word either as a verb or noun is
+       now considered quite vulgar.
+
+     =Chid=, not ch[=i]'ded, is the imperfect tense of chide.
+
+     =Chimera=--k[)i]-m[=e]'ra, not chi-m[=e]'ra, nor k[=i]-m[=e]'ra.
+
+     =Chivalric=--sh[)i]v'al-rik, not sh[)i]v-[)a]l'rik. Worcester
+       allows the latter.
+
+     =Chivalrous=--sh[)i]v'al-r[)u]s, not sh[)i]v-[)a]l'rus. Worcester
+       gives ch[)i]v'al-rus also.
+
+     =Chivalry=--sh[)i]v'al-ry, not ch[)i]v'al-ry. Worcester sanctions
+       both.
+
+     =Cicerone=--ch[=e]-che-r[=o]'ne or s[)i]s-e-r[=o]'ne, not
+       s[)i]s'e-r[=o]ne. A guide.
+
+     =Citrate=--s[)i]t'rate, not s[=i]'trate. "Citrate of magnesia."
+
+     =Climbed=, not clomb (klum). One climbs _up_ but does not climb
+       _down_.
+
+     =Cochineal=--k[)o]ch'i-neel, not k[=o]'chi-neel nor
+       k[=o]'ki-neel.
+
+     =Cocoa= (k[=o]'k[=o]) is not made from the cocoa-nut or tree, but
+       from the seeds of the _cacao_ (ka-k[=a]'o) or chocolate tree.
+       The word is evidently a perversion, but it has gained a
+       permanent footing in its present signification.
+
+     =Cognomen=--k[)o]g-no'men, not k[)o]g'no-men.
+
+     =Cold-chisel=, not _coal-chisel_. It is a chisel of peculiar
+       strength and hardness for cutting _cold_ metal.
+
+     =Cole-slaw.= In the former editions of some dictionaries it has
+       been taught that this word is derived from _cole_ meaning
+       cabbage, and _slaw_ meaning salad. Cole-slaw--cabbage-salad.
+       The uninstructed soon changed the _cole_ into _cold_ and
+       substituted _hot_ for the other extreme of temperature, thus
+       entirely changing the signification. What was really meant, was
+       _hot cole-slaw_ and _cold cole-slaw_. Many persons still regard
+       _cole-slaw_ as the proper word, and receipt books give that
+       orthography. The last editions of Webster and Worcester,
+       however, only give the words _cole_ and _slaw_ in separate
+       places and define the latter as "sliced cabbage."
+
+     =Combatant=--k[)o]m'bat-ant, not kom-b[)a]t'ant.
+
+     =Combativeness=--k[)o]m'bat-ive-ness, not kom-b[)a]t'ive-ness.
+
+     =Come= is often thoughtlessly used for _go_ or some other word. If
+       How is just leaving Howard's house it is right for How to say,
+       "I'll come to see you soon," but Howard could not properly say,
+       _at that place_, the same thing. He should say, "I will go to see
+       you soon." If they both live in Philadelphia and should meet in
+       New York, neither could say appropriately, "I'll come to see you
+       after I get home;" that would mean that one would travel back
+       from his home in Philadelphia to New York to see the other. But
+       either might say, "Come and see me when you get home."
+
+     =Comparable=--k[)o]m'pa-ra-ble, not k[)o]m-p[)a]r'a-ble.
+
+     =Complaisance=--k[)o]m'pla-zans, not k[)o]m-pl[=a]'z[)a]ns. In
+       complaisant and complaisantly, the accent is also on the first
+       syllable. Worcester places it on the third, thus: complaisant
+       (kom-pla-z[)a]nt'), etc.
+
+     =Comptroller=--kon-tr[=o]l'ler, not k[)o]mp-tr[=o]l'ler.
+
+     =Conduit=--k[)o]n'd[)i]t or k[)u]n'dit, not k[)o]n'du[)i]t or
+       k[)o]n'd[=u]te. A pipe or canal for the conveyance of fluid.
+
+     =Confab=, not _conflab_. A contraction of confabulation.
+
+     =Congeries=--k[)o]n-j[=e]'r[)i]-eez, not kon-j[=e]'r[=e]z nor
+       k[)o]n'je-r[=e]z. A collection of particles into one mass.
+
+     =Contemptuous=, not =contemptible=, when the manifestation of
+       contempt for another is meant. I once heard a young lady
+       describing how she had withered at a glance a poor young man
+       that had incurred her displeasure. "O, I gave him such a
+       _contemptible_ look," said she. If in the enthusiasm of the
+       rehearsal, the look that dwelt upon her features was akin to
+       that given upon the occasion mentioned, no auditor doubted the
+       exact truth of what she said; but she meant differently.
+
+     =Contiguous=--kon-tig'[=u]-[)u]s, not kon-t[)i]j'[=u]-[)u]s.
+
+     =Contour=--k[)o]n-t[=o][=o]r', not k[)o]n't[=o][=o]r. The
+       boundary lines of a figure.
+
+     =Contra-dance= is better than _country-dance_, the latter word
+       being a corruption; but it has become admissible from long use.
+       _Contredanse_ is the French original, and means that the
+       parties stand opposite to each other.
+
+     =Contrary=--k[)o]n'tra-ry, not kon-tr[=a]'ry, interfering with
+       the rhythm of the distich from Mother Goose's Melodies:
+
+        "Mary, Mary, quite contrary,
+        How does your garden grow?"
+
+     =Contumacy=--k[)o]n'tu-ma-sy, not kon-t[=u]'ma-sy. Obstinacy,
+       stubbornness.
+
+     =Contumely=--k[)o]n'tu-me-ly not k[)o]n-t[=u]'me-ly. Insolence,
+       contemptuousness.
+
+     =Conversant=--k[)o]n'ver-sant, not kon-v[)e]r's[)a]nt.
+
+     =Conversazione=--k[)o]n'ver-saet-se-[=o]'n[=a], not
+       kon-ver-s[)a]s'si-[=o]ne. A meeting for conversation. Worcester
+       pronounces it k[)o]n-ver-saet-ze-[=o]'n[=a]. The plural is
+       conversazioni (-n[=e]).
+
+     =Corporal= punishment, not cor-p[=o]'re-al.
+
+     =Cortege=--kor't[=a]zh, not kor't[=e]je. A train of attendants.
+
+     =Councilor=, is a member of council.
+
+     =Counselor=, one who gives advice. Worcester's spelling is
+       councillor and counsellor.
+
+     =Creek=, not kr[)i]ck.
+
+     =Creole.= From Webster's dictionary are taken the following
+       definitions and remarks:
+
+          1. "One born in America, or the West Indies, of European
+          ancestors.
+
+          2. "One born within or near the tropics, of any color. 'The
+          term creole negro is employed in the English West Indies to
+          distinguish the negroes born there from the Africans
+          imported during the time of the slave trade. The application
+          of this term to the colored people has led to an idea common
+          in some parts of the United States, though wholly unfounded,
+          that it implies an admixture greater or less of African
+          blood.'--R. Hildreth."
+
+     =Crinoline=--kr[)i]n'o-l[)i]n, not kr[)i]n'o-l[=i]ne nor
+       kr[)i]n'o-leen.
+
+     =Cuirass=--kw[=e]-r[)a]s' or kw[=e]'r[)a]s, not k[=u]'r[)a]s. A
+       piece of armor.
+
+     =Cuisine=--kwe-z[=e]n', not k[=u]-seen' or k[=u]-z[=i]ne'.
+       Cooking or cooking department.
+
+     =Culinary=--k[=u]'li-na-ry, not k[)u]l'i-na-ry.
+
+     =Cupola=--k[=u]'po-la, not k[=u]-po-l[=o]'.
+
+
+     D.
+
+     =Dahlia=--dael'ya or d[=a]l'-ya, not d[)a]l'ya.
+
+     =Dare not=, not darse'nt.
+
+     =Data=--d[=a]'ta, not d[)a]t'a, is the plural of datum (d[=a]'tum).
+
+     =Debris=--d[=a]-br[=e]', not d[=e]'br[)i]s nor d[=a]'br[=e].
+       Rubbish, ruins.
+
+     =Decade=--d[)e]k'ade, not d[=e]'kade nor d[=e]-k[=a]de'. Ten in
+       number.
+
+     =Defalcate=--de-f[)a]l'kate, not de-fawl'k[=a]te.
+
+     =Defalcation=--d[=e]-f[)a]l-k[=a]'shun not d[=e]-fawl-k[=a]'shun.
+       Worcester gives d[)e]f-al-k[=a]'shun. No such word as
+       _defalcater_ is seen.
+
+     =Deficit=--d[)e]f'i-sit, not de-f[=i]'sit nor de-f[)i]s'sit. A
+       deficiency.
+
+     =Delusion=, not _illusion_, when deception occurs from want of
+       knowledge of the world, ignorance of business or trade, or from
+       lack of acumen generally. Illusions are deceptions arising from
+       a temporarily or permanently disordered imagination, or from
+       phenomena occurring in nature: thus we speak of the illusions of
+       fancy, of dreams, and of optical illusions. The mirage of the
+       desert and the fata Morgana are instances of the latter.
+
+     =Demonstrative=--de-m[)o]n'stra-tive, not d[)e]m'on-str[=a]-tive.
+
+     =Demonstrator=--d[)e]m'on-str[=a]-tor, not de-m[)o]n'str[=a]-tor.
+       Worcester allows the latter.
+
+     =Depot=--de-p[=o]' or d[=e]'p[=o], not d[=a]'p[=o], nor
+       d[)e]p'po. Worcester sanctions de-p[=o]' only. I once had a
+       friend, deceased now, of course, who called it de-p[)o]t'.
+
+     =Dereliction=--der-e-l[)i]k'shun, not d[)e]r-e-l[)e]k'shun. A
+       forsaking, abandonment.
+
+     =Deshabille=--d[)e]s-a-b[)i]l', } =Dishabille=--d[)i]s-a-b[)i]l',
+       } not d[)e]s'ha-beel nor d[)i]s'ha-beel. The French is
+       deshabille, pronounced about like d[=a]-zae-be-y[=a], without
+       any particular accent. Some persons, in their vain efforts to
+       get the peculiar liquid sound of the double l, sometimes used,
+       distort the word terribly, pronouncing it even as broad as
+       d[)i]s-ha-beel'yuh.
+
+     =Desideratum=--de-sid-e-r[=a]'tum, not de-s[)i]d-er-[)a]t'um;
+       plural, de-s[)i]d-er-[=a]'ta. Something particularly desired.
+
+     =Desperado=--des-per-[=a]'do, not des-per-ae'do.
+
+     =Dessert=--d[)e]z-zert', not d[)e]z'zert, nor d[)e]s'sert:
+       _dessert-spoon_ (dez-zert'-spoon).
+
+     =Die.= One dies _of_ a disease, not with it.
+
+     =Differ.= One differs with a person in opinion; one person or
+       thing differs _from_ another in some quality.
+
+     =Disappointed.= One is disappointed _of_ a thing not obtained and
+       _in_ a thing obtained. "He will be disappointed of his
+       expectations."
+
+     =Discourse=--dis-k[=o]rs', not d[)i]s'k[=o]rs.
+
+     =Disputable=--dis'pu-ta-ble, not dis-p[=u]'ta-ble.
+
+     =Disputant=--dis'pu-tant, not dis-p[=u]'tant.
+
+     =Distich=--d[)i]s't[)i]k, not d[)i]s't[)i]ch. Two poetic lines
+       making sense.
+
+     =Docible=--d[)o]s'i-ble, not d[=o]'si-ble. Tractable; teachable.
+
+     =Docile=--d[)o]s'[)i]l, not d[=o]'s[=i]le.
+
+     =Dolorous=--d[)o]l'or-[)u]s, not d[=o]'lor-o[)u]s. =Dolorously=
+       and =Dolorousness= are similarly accented; but =dolor= is
+       pronounced d[=o]'lor.
+
+     =Doubt.= "I do not doubt but that it is so," is a very common
+       error. The meaning conveyed is just the opposite to that which
+       the speaker intends. He declares in other words, that he has
+       _no_ doubt _but_ a doubt that it is so; or he does not doubt
+       that it is false. "I have no doubt but," and "there is no doubt
+       but,"--are similar mistakes. The word "but" should be left out.
+
+     =Dough-face= means one that is easily molded to one's will, or
+       readily changed in his views, and not a putty-faced or
+       white-faced person.
+
+     =Dragomans=, not _dragomen_, is the plural of _dragoman_, an
+       Eastern interpreter.
+
+     =Drama=--drae'ma or dr[=a]'ma, not dr[)a]m'a. Worcester says
+       dr[=a]'ma or dr[)a]m'a.
+
+     =Dramatis Personae=--dr[)a]m'a-t[=i]s per-s[=o]'n[=e], not
+       dra-m[)a]t'is p[)e]r'so-n[=e].
+
+     =Drank=, not _drunk_, is the imperfect tense of drink.
+
+     =Ducat=--d[)u]k'at, not d[=u]'kat.
+
+
+     E.
+
+     =Ear=--[=e]ar, not y[=e]ar. Persons frequently speak of the
+       _year-ache_, and occasionally "_a year of corn_," may be heard.
+
+     =Ecce Homo=--[)e]k's[=e] h[=o]'m[=o], not [)e]k'k[=e]
+       h[=o]'m[=o].
+
+     =Eider=--[=i]'der, not [=e]'der. _Eider-down_ and _eider-duck_.
+
+     =Elm= is pronounced in one syllable and not [)e]l'lum.
+
+     =Elysian=--e-l[)i]z'i-an, not e-l[)i]s'sian. Worcester gives
+       e-l[)i]zh'e-an.
+
+     =Embryo=--em'bry-[=o], not em-bry'[=o].
+
+     =Employe= (Fr. employe)--[)e]m-ploy-[=a]' or [)o]ng-plwaw-y[=a]',
+       not employ'[=e] or ong-ploy'[=a]. Employee is not allowed.
+
+     =Encore=--[)o]ng-k[=o]r', not [)o]ng'k[=o]r nor [)e]n'k[=o]r.
+
+     =Eneid=--[=e]-n[=e]'id not [=e]'ne-id. A poem of Virgil.
+       Worcester sanctions both methods of pronunciation.
+
+     =Ennui=--[)o]ng-nw[=e]', not [)o]ng'w[=e]. Worcester gives a much
+       simpler pronunciation, viz: aen-w[=e]'.
+
+     =Enquiry=--en-kw[=i]'ry, not [)e]n'kw[)i]-ry.
+
+     =Epsom Salt=, not Epsom _Salts_.
+
+     =Equable=--[=e]'kwa-ble, not [)e]k'wa-ble.
+
+     =Equally well=, etc., not equally _as_ well, etc.
+
+     =Espionage=--[)e]s'pe-on-[=a]je or [)e]s'pe-on-aezh, not
+       [)e]s-p[=i]'o-n[=a]je nor es-p[=e]'on-aezh.
+
+     =Esquimau=--[)e]s'ke-m[=o], not [)e]s'qui-maw: plural,
+       =Esquimaux= ([)e]s'ke-m[=o]z), not [)e]s'ke-mawz nor
+       [)e]s'ke-m[=o].
+
+     =Etagere=--[)e]t-a-zhar', not e-t[)a]zh'er-y nor
+       at-t[)a]zh'[)i]-a. Worcester's pronunciation is [=a]-tae-zhar'.
+       A piece of parlor furniture with shelves, used for placing
+       small ornaments and fancy articles upon; a what-not.
+
+     =Excrescence=--ex-kr[)e]s'sense not ex-kr[=e]'sense. A
+       superfluous appendage: morbid outgrowth.
+
+     =Expect= has reference to the future only, and not to the present
+       or past. "I _expect_ that you are wrong." "I _expect_ you were
+       disappointed yesterday," are errors. There is an abundance of
+       words that may be correctly used, as _suppose_, _suspect_,
+       _imagine_, _believe_ and _think_.
+
+     =Expose= (Fr. expose)--[)e]ks-po-z[=a]', not ex-p[=o]z'. An
+       exposition; statement.
+
+     =Exquisite=--[)e]ks'qu[)i]-z[)i]t, not eks-qu[)i]z'it[)e].
+       =Exquisitely= is accented on the first syllable also.
+
+     =Extant=--ex'tant not ex-t[)a]nt'.
+
+     =Extol=--ex-t[)o]l', not ex-t[=o]'. =Extolled=, ex-t[)o]ld', etc.
+
+
+     F.
+
+     =Facet=--f[)a]s'set not f[=a]-s[)e]t'. A small surface or face;
+       as one of the _facets_ of a diamond.
+
+     =Falchion=--fawl'chun, not f[)a]l'ch[)i]-on. A sword. Worcester
+       sanctions fawl'shun, also.
+
+     =Falcon=--faw'kn, not f[)a]l-k[)o]n.
+
+     =Fang.= When applied to a tooth, _fang_ means the portion that is
+       outside of the jaw. This name is often, even by dentists,
+       erroneously given to the _root_ or part that is set into the jaw.
+
+     =Far=, not _fur_.
+
+     =Febrile=--f[=e]'br[)i]l or f[)e]b'r[)i]l, not f[=e]'br[=i]le.
+       Relating to fever.
+
+     =February=, as it is spelled, and not F[)e]b'u-a-ry, as many say
+       and write it.
+
+     =Feod=, =feodal=, =feodality=--f[=u]d, f[=u]d'al, and
+       f[=u]-d[)a]l'i-ty. Relating to a kind of tenure formerly
+       existing in Europe, in which military services were rendered by
+       the tenant as a consideration. =Feud=, =feudal=, =feudality=,
+       is the orthography generally adopted now.
+
+     =Ferret.= A ferret is an animal of the weasel kind, used to drive
+       rabbits out of their burrows, and not a species of dog.
+
+     =Fetid=--f[)e]t'id, not f[=e]'tid.
+
+     =Fetor=--f[=e]'tor, not f[)e]t'or.
+
+     =Finale=---fe-nae'l[=a], not f[=i]'n[=a]le or f[=i]-n[)a]l'ly.
+
+     =Finance=--f[)i]-n[)a]ns', not f[=i]'-n[)a]ns.
+
+     =Finances=--f[)i]-n[)a]n's[)e]z, not f[=i]'n[)a]n-s[)e]z.
+
+     =Financier=--f[)i]n-an-seer', not f[=i]-nan-seer'. =Financial=,
+       and =financially=, have also the short i in the first syllable.
+
+     =Finis=--f[=i]'nis, not f[)i]n'is.
+
+     =Firmament= means the expanse of the sky: the heavens. The
+       meaning, solid foundation, is obsolete.
+
+     =Flannel=, not _flannen_.
+
+     =Florid=--fl[)o]r'id, not fl[=o]'r[)i]d.
+
+     =Florin=--fl[)o]r'in, not fl[=o]-r[)i]n. A piece of money.
+
+     =Florist=--fl[=o]'rist, not fl[)o]r'ist.
+
+     =Forage=--f[)o]r'aje, not f[=o]'raje.
+
+     =Forceps=--for'seps, not f[=o]r'seps. The word is spelled the
+       same in both the singular and the plural numbers. Such mistakes
+       as, "hand me a forcep," instead of "hand me a forceps," are
+       very common. Strictly speaking, "a pair of forceps," ought, I
+       suppose, to mean _two_ forceps; but like the expressions "a
+       pair of scissors" and "a pair of stairs," the phrase has been
+       in use so long that it must be tolerated.
+
+     =Forehead=--f[)o]r'ed, not f[=o]r'h[)e]d. Worcester allows either.
+
+     =Foreign=--f[)o]r'in, not f[)u]r'in.
+
+     =Fortnight=--fort'n[=i]te, not f[=o]rt'n[=i]te, f[=o]rt'n[)i]t
+       nor fort'n[)i]t. Worcester gives what is authorized above and
+       fort'n[)i]t.
+
+     =Fortress=--for'tress, not f[=o]r'tress.
+
+     =Fragile=--fr[)a]j'[)i]l, not fr[=a]'j[)i]l nor fr[=a]'j[=i]le.
+
+     =Fritter=, not _flitter_, is the name of a kind of fried cake.
+
+     =Frivolity=--fri-v[)o]l'i-ty, not fr[)i]v'ol-ty.
+
+     =Frontier=--fr[)o]nt'eer, not fr[)u]nt'eer nor fr[)u]n-teer'.
+
+     =Frontispiece=--fr[)o]nt'is-p[=e]se, not fr[)u]nt'is-p[=e]se.
+
+     =Fuchsia=--f[=o][=o]k's[)i]-a, not f[=u]'sh[)i]-a. Worcester
+       gives the latter.
+
+     =Fuzz=, not _furze_, is the word to use, if used at all, when the
+       embryo whiskers, or the downy surface of fruit, etc., are
+       meant. Down is the more appropriate word. _Furze_ is the name
+       of an evergreen shrub.
+
+
+     G.
+
+     =Gallivating=, not _gallivanting_. Gallivanting is a word that is
+       used to some extent, being applied to persons that are roaming
+       about for amusement or adventure; as, "this young man has been
+       _gallivanting_ around." If it is a corruption of _gallanting_,
+       it should certainly be abolished as a vulgarism; but if it is a
+       corruption of _gallivating_, from _gallivat_, the name of a
+       small sailing vessel, it might be clothed in its proper garb
+       and retained as a useful word in our language. If either is
+       used, the one above preferred should be chosen, at any rate.
+
+     =Gallows=--g[)a]l'lus, not g[)a]l'l[=o]z. =Gallowses=, plural.
+
+     =Gamin=--ga-m[)a]ng', not g[)a]m'in nor g[=a]'min. A street child.
+
+     =Gape=--gaepe or g[=a]pe, not g[)a]p.
+
+     =Gargle.= One _gargles_, not _gurgles_, the throat.
+
+     =Gaseous=--g[)a]z'e-us, not g[)a]ss-e-us. Worcester gives
+       g[=a]'ze-us too.
+
+     =Gather=--g[)a]th'er, not g[)e]th'er.
+
+     =Genealogy=--j[)e]n-e-[)a]l'o-jy, not j[=e]-ne-[)a]l'o-jy nor
+       je-ne-[)o]l'o-jy.
+
+     =Genealogist= (j[)e]n-e-[)a]l'o-jist), =genealogical=
+       (j[)e]n-e-a-l[)o]j'i-kal) and =genealogically=
+       (j[)e]n-e-a-l[)o]j'i-kal-ly).
+
+     =Generic=--je-n[)e]r'ik, not j[)e]n'er-ik, nor je-n[=e]'rik.
+       Relating to a genus, or kind.
+
+     =Gerund=--j[)e]r'und, not j[=e]-rund. A kind of verbal noun in
+       Latin.
+
+     =Get=, not g[)i]t.
+
+     =Giaour=--jowr, not g[=i]'[=o][=o]r, j[=i]-owr' nor j[=o][=o]r.
+       An epithet applied by the Turks to a disbeliever in Mahomet;
+       the name of one of Byron's poems.
+
+     =Gibbet=--j[)i]b'bet, not g[)i]b'bet.
+
+     =Glamour=--gl[=a]'m[=o][=o]r, not gl[)a]m'mur. Worcester gives
+       gl[=a]'mer, also. A charm in the eyes, making them see things
+       differently from what they really are.
+
+     =Gneiss=--n[=i]s, not n[=e]s nor gn[=e]s. A kind of rock.
+
+     =Gondola=--g[)o]n'do-la, not gon-d[=o]'la.
+
+     =Got.= There are some sticklers for niceties that overdo
+       themselves in contending that the use of the verb _got_ is
+       generally unnecessary and incorrect in conjunction with _have_
+       and _had_. Get means to procure, to obtain, to come into
+       possession of, etc., and it is a very tame assertion that one
+       simply _has_ a thing that cost much mental or physical labor. A
+       scholar _has_ his lesson, but did it creep into his head while
+       he passively shut his eyes and went to sleep? On the contrary,
+       he _got_ it or learned it by hard study, and it is proper to
+       say that he has _got_ it. A man _has_ a cold, but he _got_ it
+       or _took_ it by exposing himself. A person _has_ a sum of
+       money, but he _got_ or _earned_ it by his labor. Another _has_
+       good friends, but he _got_ or _secured_ them by his pleasant
+       address. The great causes of the warfare against this word are,
+       I think, that _have_ and _had_, though generally used as
+       auxiliaries, can sometimes be used as principal verbs and make
+       good sense; and that it has not been recollected that in the
+       majority of cases _got_ either stands for, or can be
+       substituted for another verb. In confirmation of this last
+       statement, is appended the following composed by Dr. Withers:
+       "I _got_ on horseback within ten minutes after I _got_ your
+       letter. When I _got_ to Canterbury, I _got_ a chaise for town,
+       but I _got_ wet before I _got_ to Canterbury; and I have _got_
+       such a cold as I shall not be able to _get_ rid of in a hurry.
+       I _got_ to the Treasury about noon, but first of all I _got_
+       shaved and dressed. I soon _got_ into the secret of getting a
+       memorial before the board, but I could not _get_ an answer
+       then; however, I _got_ intelligence from the messenger, that I
+       should most likely _get_ one the next morning. As soon as I
+       _got_ back to my inn, I _got_ my supper and _got_ to bed. It
+       was not long before I _got_ asleep. When I _got_ up in the
+       morning, I _got_ my breakfast, and then I _got_ myself dressed
+       that I might _get_ out in time to _get_ an answer to my
+       memorial. As soon as I _got_ it, I _got_ into the chaise and
+       _got_ to Canterbury by three, and about tea-time, I got home. I
+       have _got_ nothing for you, and so adieu."
+
+       Applying this test of substitution to any doubtful case, I think
+       it right to assert that if there is no other verb, or
+       participle, that will appropriately take the place of "got,"
+       the latter word is _unnecessary_; but it should hardly be
+       considered as an error, as it is so slight an impropriety
+       compared with many others that are allowed, and especially
+       because we have long had the usage of many of the best writers
+       to sanction the employment of the word. The very people that
+       appear to be so shocked at the use of the superfluous _got_,
+       may generally be heard making use of such expressions as "fell
+       _down_ upon the ground," "rose _up_ and went away," "covered it
+       _over_," and "a great, _big_ fire." The _down_, _up_, _over_
+       and _big_ are certainly superfluities, but they have been heard
+       so long that they are seldom mentioned as errors.
+
+     =Gourmand=--g[=o][=o]r'maend, not gor'mand, unless the orthography
+       =gormand= is used.
+
+     =Gout=--gowt, not g[=o][=o]t, as actors are sometimes heard
+       pronounce it in the following line from Macbeth: "On thy blade
+       and dudgeon, _gouts_ of blood."
+
+     =Government=--g[)u]v'ern-ment not g[)u]v'er-ment. It is a
+       mistake, frequently made, to write and pronounce the word as if
+       it had no "n" in the penultimate.
+
+     =Gramercy=--gra-mer'sy, not gr[)a]m'er-sy. A word formerly used
+       to express thankfulness with surprise.
+
+     =Granary=--gr[)a]n'a-ry, not gr[=a]'na-ry. There are no such
+       words as _grainery_ and _grainary_.
+
+     =Gratis=--gr[=a]'tis, not gr[)a]t-is.
+
+     =Grenade=--gre-n[=a]de', not gr[)e]n'ade. A kind of explosive
+       shell.
+
+     =Guardian=--gaerd'[)i]-an, not gaer-d[=e]'an.
+
+     =Guerdon=--ger'don, not gw[)e]r'don nor j[)e]r'don. A reward; a
+       recompense.
+
+     =Guild=--g[)i]ld, not g[=i]ld. A society; a fraternity.
+
+     =Guipure=--ge-p[=u]r', not g[)i]m-p[=u]re' nor gw[)i]-p[=u]re'.
+       An imitation of antique lace.
+
+     =Gunwale=--commonly pronounced g[)u]n'nel and spelled so
+       sometimes.
+
+     =Gutta-percha=--g[)u]t'ta-per'cha, not g[)u]t'ta-per'ka.
+
+     =Gyrfalcon=--jer'faw-kn, not j[=e]r'f[)a]l-kun.
+
+
+     H.
+
+     =Habitue= (Fr. habitue)--ae-b[)i]t-u-[=a]', not h[)a]b-it-u-[=e]
+       nor h[)a]b-[)i]t-u-[=a]'.
+
+     =Halloo= (hal-l[=o][=o]'), =holla= (h[)o]l'lae), =hollo=
+       (h[)o]l'l[=o] or h[)o]l-l[=o]') or =hollow= (h[)o]l'l[=o]w),
+       but not h[)o]l'ler. Worcester gives =halloo= (hal-l[=o][=o]'),
+       =holla= (h[)o]l-lae'), =hollo= (h[)o]l-l[=o]') and =hollow=
+       (h[)o]l'l[=o]w or h[)o]l-l[=o]w'). It is strange that with such
+       a variety of words to choose from, people generally say
+       "_holler_."
+
+     =Hanged= is preferable to _hung_, when the infliction of the
+       death penalty by hanging is meant.
+
+     =Harass=--h[)a]r'ass, not ha-r[)a]ss'.
+
+     =Harem=--h[=a]'rem, not h[)a]r'em. Worcester gives hae'rem also.
+       Written also =haram= (ha-r[)a]m').
+
+     =Hardly.= _Don't_ and _can't_ should not be used with =hardly=.
+       Such errors as, "I don't hardly believe it," are not uncommon.
+       _Hardly_ means _scarcely_, and the use of don't or can't gives
+       an opposite signification to the sentence.
+
+     =Haunt=--haent, not h[)a]nt.
+
+     =Haunted=--haent'ed, not h[)a]nt'ed.
+
+     =Hawaiian=--ha-w[=i]'yan, not ha-waw'yan. Relating to the island
+       of Hawaii.
+
+     =Hearth=--haerth, not herth.
+
+     =Hearth-stone=--haerth'stone, not herth'stone.
+
+     =Heather=--h[)e]th'er, not h[=e]th'er. Worcester gives h[=e]th'er
+       as the pronunciation.
+
+     =Heinous=--h[=a]'nus, not h[=e]'nus, h[=e]n'yus nor h[=a]n'yus.
+
+     =Herb=--erb, not herb.
+
+     =Herbaceous=--her-b[=a]'shus, not er-b[=a]'shus.
+
+     =Herbage=--erb'ej or h[)e]rb'ej, not h[)e]r'b[=a]je.
+
+     =Heroine=--h[)e]r'o-[)i]n, not h[=e]'-ro-[=i]ne nor h[=e]'ro-[)i]n.
+       Worcester gives the first and the last of the above.
+
+     =Heroism=--h[)e]r'o-izm, not h[=e]'ro-[)i]zm. Worcester sanctions
+       both.
+
+     =Hieroglyphic=--h[=i]-er-o-gl[)i]f'ik, not h[=i]-er-o-gr[)i]f'ik.
+
+     =Hindoostanee=} =Hindustani= } hin-d[=o][=o]-st[)a]n'ee, not
+       hin-d[=o][=o]'st[)a]n-ee. Worcester's orthography is
+       _Hindostanee_ and _Hindostany_, but the accent is on the penult
+       as above.
+
+     =Homage=--h[)o]m'aje, not [)o]m'-aje.
+
+     =Homeopathy=--h[=o]-me-[)o]p'a-thy, not h[=o]'me-o-p[)a]th-y.
+
+     =Homeopathist=--h[=o]-me-[)o]p'a-thist, not
+       h[=o]'me-o-p[)a]th-ist.
+
+     =Hooping-cough=--h[=o][=o]p'ing-cough, not h[)o][)o]p'ing-cough.
+       Spelled =Whooping-cough=, also.
+
+     =Horizon=--ho-r[=i]'zon, not h[)o]r'i-zon.
+
+     =Horse-radish=--horse-r[)a]d-ish, not horse-r[)e]d-dish.
+
+     =Hough=--h[)o]k, not h[)u]ff. To disable by cutting the sinews of
+       the ham. As a noun, the word means the joint at the lower
+       portion of the leg of a quadruped; written =hock=, also.
+
+     =Houri=--howr'y, not owr'y. A nymph of paradise.
+
+     =Hovel=--h[)o]v'el, not h[)u]v'el.
+
+     =Hundred=, as spelled, not _hun'derd_.
+
+     =Hydropathy=--h[=i]-dr[)o]p'a-thy, not h[=i]'dr[=o]-p[)a]th-y.
+
+     =Hydropathist=--h[=i]-dr[)o]p'a-thist, not
+       h[=i]'dr[=o]-p[)a]th-ist.
+
+     =Hygiene=--h[=i]'ji-[=e]ne, not h[=i]-geen' nor h[=i]'geen.
+       Worcester authorizes the first and last.
+
+
+     I.
+
+     =Illustrate=--il-l[)u]s'trate, not [)i]l'lus-tr[=a]te.
+       =Illustrated=, =illustrating=, =illustrative= and
+       =illustrator=, are likewise accented on the second syllable.
+
+     =Imbroglio=--[)i]m-br[=o]l'y[=o], not [)i]m-br[)o]l'y[=o].
+       Worcester says [)i]m-br[=o]l'ye-[=o].
+
+     =Immobile=--im-m[)o]b'[)i]l, not [)i]m-m[=o]'b[)i]l nor
+       [)i]m-m[=o]'b[=i]le.
+
+     =Imperturbable=--im-per-tuer'ba-ble, not
+       [)i]m-per-t[=o][=o]'ra-ble, nor [)i]m-per'tu-ra-ble. Incapable
+       of being disturbed.
+
+     =Implacable=--im-pl[=a]'ka-ble, not [)i]m-pl[)a]k'a-ble.
+
+     =Impotent=--im'po-tent, not [)i]m-p[=o]'tent. =Impotency= and
+       =impotence= are accented similarly.
+
+     =Improvise=--im-pro-v[=i]ze', not [)i]m'pro-v[=i]ze.
+
+     =Incognito=--in-k[)o]g'ni-t[=o], not in-c[)o]n'i-to nor
+       in-c[)o]g-n[)i]sh'[=o]. =Incog= is an authorized abbreviation.
+       =Incognita=, is a female in disguise.
+
+     =Indiscretion=--[)i]n-dis-kr[)e]sh'un, not [)i]n-dis-kr[=e]'shun.
+
+     =Indissoluble=--in-d[)i]s'so-lu-ble, not
+       [)i]n-d[)i]s-s[)o]l'u-ble. =Indissolubly=, etc.
+
+     =Industry=--in'dus-try, not [)i]n-dus'try.
+
+     =Infinitesimal=--in-fin-i-t[)e]s'i-mal, not
+       [)i]n-f[)i]n-t[)e]s'i-mal.
+
+     =Ingenious=--[)i]n-j[=e]n'y[)u]s, means possessed of genius;
+       skillful, etc.
+
+     =Ingenuous=--[)i]n-j[)e]n'yu-us, means noble, open, frank,
+       generous, etc.
+
+     =Inquiry=--in-kw[=i]'ry, not [)i]n'kw[)i]-ry.
+
+     =Inveigle=--[)i]n-v[=e]'gle, not [)i]n-v[=a]'gle. =Inveigler=
+       (in-v[=e]'gler) and =inveiglement= (in-v[=e]'gle-ment).
+
+     =Irate= [=i]-r[=a]te', not [=i]'r[=a]te. Worcester gives the
+       latter.
+
+     =Irrational=--ir-r[)a]sh'un-al, not [)i]r-r[=a]'shun-al.
+       =Irrationally= ([)i]r-r[)a]sh'un-al-ly), etc.
+
+     =Irrecognizable=--ir-re-k[)o]g'ni-za-ble, not
+       [)i]r-r[)e]k'og-n[=i]-za-ble.
+
+     =Irrelevant=, not _irrevelant_. Not applicable; not suited.
+
+     =Isinglass= [=i]'z[)i]ng-glass, is a kind of gelatine prepared
+       from the sounds or air-bladders of certain fish, and is used in
+       jellies, for clarifying liquors, etc.; while the transparent
+       substance, frequently called _isinglass_, which is used in the
+       doors of stoves and lanterns, is really _mica_, a mineral that
+       admits of being cleaved into thin plates.
+
+     =Isolate=--[)i]s'o-l[=a]te, not [=i]'so-late. =Isolated=
+       ([)i]s'o-l[=a]-ted), etc. Worcester gives [)i]z'o-l[=a]te, etc.
+
+     =Itch=--[)i]tch, not [=e]ch.
+
+
+     J.
+
+     =Jamb=, not _jam_ is the spelling of the side-piece of a door,
+       window or fire-place.
+
+     =Jaundice=--jaen'd[)i]s, not _jan-ders_.
+
+     =Jean=--j[=a]ne, not jeen. A twilled cotton cloth. Written also
+       =jane=.
+
+     =Jew's-harp=--j[=u]z'haerp, not j[=u]s'haerp.
+
+     =Jocund=--j[)o]k'und, not j[=o]'kund. =Jocundity=, =jocundly=,
+       =jocundness=, have also the short o.
+
+     =Jugular=--j[=u]'gu-lar, not j[)u]g'u-lar.
+
+     =Jujube=--j[=u]'j[=u]be, not j[=u]'j[=u]-be. "Jujube paste."
+
+     =Just=, not j[)e]st in such sentences as: "I have _just_ done
+       it;" "He has _just_ enough," etc.
+
+
+     K.
+
+     =Knoll=--n[=o]l, not n[)o]l.
+
+
+     L.
+
+     =Lamm=, to beat, is not spelled l[)a]m nor l[)a]mb.
+
+     =Lapel=--la-p[)e]l', not l[)a]p'el. That part of a coat which
+       laps over the facing.
+
+     =Lariat=--l[)a]r'i-at, not l[=a]'ri-at. A lasso.
+
+     =Lay=. This word in the sense here considered is a transitive
+       verb, or one in which the action or state implied by the verb,
+       passes over to an object. The present tense is _lay_; the
+       imperfect tense and past participle are _laid_; and the present
+       participle _laying_. Requiring an object in each of the various
+       meanings attached to it, it is proper to say: "The hen _lays_
+       an egg every day;" "The man _laid_ his load on the ground;"
+       "The rain has _laid_ the dust;" "The hunter is _laying_ a
+       snare." The verb _lie_ is an _intransitive_ verb and can have
+       _no object_ after it. The present tense is _lie_; the imperfect
+       tense is _lay_; the past participle is _lain_; the present
+       participle is _lying_. Having no objective case to which the
+       action or state passes over, it is correct to say: "Ohio _lies_
+       north of Kentucky;" "The sick man _lay_ upon the bed
+       yesterday;" "He has _lain_ there helpless for weeks;" "The
+       goods I bought are _lying_ on my hands." Contrasting the
+       sentences under each verb it will be readily seen that Ohio
+       does not _lie_ Kentucky, but the hen _lays_ the egg; the
+       invalid did not _lay_ the bed like the man _laid_ his load; he
+       has not _lain_ anything, as the rain has _laid_ the dust; and
+       the goods are not _lying_ anything, as the hunter is _laying_
+       the snare. If the foregoing differences have been carefully
+       observed, I imagine that it will always be easy to select the
+       proper word by remembering the following rules:
+
+          1. If the person or thing spoken of exerts an action that
+          must pass over to an object, use _lay_, _laid_ and _laying_.
+
+          2. If the person or thing spoken of exerts an action that
+          does not pass over to an object, use _lie_, _lay_, _lain_
+          and _lying_.
+
+       "He _laid_ upon the bed," then, is incorrect, for the verb has no
+       object. It should be: "He _lay_ upon the bed." But, "He _laid
+       himself_ upon the bed," would be correct, for there is an
+       objective case, _himself_, supplied. "Let these papers _lay_,"
+       should be, "Let these papers _lie_." "The ship _lays_ at
+       anchor," should be, "The ship _lies_ at anchor." "The ship
+       _laid_ at anchor," should be, "The ship _lay_ at anchor." "They
+       have _laid_ in wait for you," should be, "They have _lain_ in
+       wait for you." "This trunk is _laying_ in our way," should be,
+       "This trunk is _lying_ in our way." Errors connected with the
+       use of these verbs are more common, probably, than any others
+       in our language, being detected in the conversation and
+       writings of many of the best educated people. Attention to the
+       above rules, and a few trial sentences in the different moods,
+       tenses, numbers and persons, ought to make the selection of the
+       proper word so simple, that persons should seldom make mistakes.
+
+     =Learn.= _Learning_ is done by the scholar or student, and
+       _teaching_ by the instructor. "She will _learn_ me how to
+       play," should be, "She will _teach_ me how to play," etc.
+
+     =Leasing=--leez'ing, not l[=e]s'ing. An obsolete word meaning
+       falsehood; lying. "Thou shalt destroy them that speak
+       leasing."--_Bible._
+
+     =Leg.= Of late years there has become quite popular a prudish
+       notion that it is indelicate to say _leg_ when one of the limbs
+       that supports the human body is meant, _limb_ being preferred
+       instead. _Leg_ is certainly a less euphonious word than _limb_,
+       and if the latter had the same signification attached to it,
+       there would be no objection to its employment; but _limb_ means
+       _arm_ just as much as it does _leg_. There is nothing immodest in
+       the sound or meaning of the word _leg_; if there were, it would
+       be well to speak of the _limb_ of a table, a _limb_ of mutton, or
+       a three _limbed_ stool; and the mention of such words as _legacy_
+       or _legate_ should cause the blush to rise to our cheeks. The
+       very use of the word _limb_ indicates what is passing in the mind
+       of the speaker--a thought of _leg_, an indelicate meaning
+       attached to it, and a fear to speak the word. The mind of the
+       listener is affected similarly and the result is that a
+       conversation intended to be perfectly pure, has a slight stain
+       left upon it. If we could pass through life without ever finding
+       it necessary to speak of our legs to strangers, there would be no
+       danger of compromising ourselves; but run-away and other
+       accidents are constantly occurring in which legs are broken or
+       otherwise injured. When a surgeon is called, if he is told that a
+       _limb_ is injured, he has one chance in four of guessing the
+       riddle. It is not always safe to trifle thus with some of the
+       serious, practical old followers of Esculapius. Before now they
+       have given such rebukes as to make people ashamed that they did
+       not say _leg_ in the first place; or they have left the bedside
+       abruptly with such a remark as: "When you find out whether it is
+       your arm or your leg, send for me again." If people will persist
+       in using _limb_ for _leg_, it is to be hoped that they will adopt
+       some adjective prefix to remove all ambiguity. How would
+       north-east, south-east, etc., do? Any one informed that the
+       _south-east limb_ was fractured, would know at once that it was
+       the _right leg_.
+
+     =Legate=--l[)e]g'ate, not l[=e]'g[=a]te.
+
+     =Legendary=--l[)e]j'end-a-ry, not l[=e]'j[)e]nd-a-ry.
+
+     =Leisure=--l[=e]'zhur, not l[)e]zh'ur, nor l[=a]'zhur.
+       =Leisurely= (l[=e]'zhur-ly).
+
+     =Length=, not l[)e]nth. Every letter is sounded, also, in
+       =lengthy=, =lengthen=, =lengthiness=, etc.
+
+     =Lenient=--l[=e]'ni-ent, not l[)e]n'i-ent. =Leniently=
+       (l[=e]'ni-ent-ly), etc.
+
+     =Lethe=--l[=e]'the, not l[=e]th; the _th_ is as in _both_. The
+       mythological and poetical name of a river of the infernal
+       region, the drinking of a portion of which caused forgetfulness
+       of the past.
+
+     =Lethean=--l[=e]-th[=e]'an, not l[=e]'the-an.
+
+     =Let's.= It should be remembered that _let's_ is really _let us_,
+       the apostrophe denoting the elision of the u. Such expressions
+       then as: "let's us go," "let's him and me go," should he, "let
+       us go" (or let's go), and "let him and me go;" for who wishes
+       to say "let us us go," or "let us him and me go."
+
+     =Leverage=--l[)e]v'er-aje, not l[=e]'ver-aje.
+
+     =Licorice=--l[)i]k'o-r[)i]s, not l[)i]k'er-[)i]sh.
+
+     =Lie.= See =Lay=.
+
+     =Lien=--l[=e]'en or l[=i]'en, not _leen_. A charge upon property
+       for the satisfaction of a debt.
+
+     =Lighted= is preferable to l[)i]t as the imperfect tense and past
+       participle of _light_. "He _lighted_ the gas," instead of, "He
+       _lit_ the gas." "I have _lighted_ the fire," instead of, "I
+       have _lit_ the fire." The same remarks apply to the imperfect
+       and participle of _light_ taken as an intransitive verb. "The
+       bird has _lighted_ upon the tree," instead of, "has _lit_ upon
+       the tree." _Lit_ is condemned as common.
+
+     =Lithographer=--l[)i]-thog'ra-pher, not l[)i]th'o-gr[)a]ph-er,
+       nor l[=i]-th[)o]g'ra-pher. =Lithography=
+       (l[)i]-th[)o]g'ra-phy).
+
+     =Loath=--l[=o]th, not l[)o]th; the _th_ is as in _both_.
+       Reluctant. Written sometimes =loth=. The verb is =loathe=, with
+       the _th_ as in _breathe_.
+
+     =Lyceum=--l[=i]-s[=e]'um, not l[=i]'se-um.
+
+
+     M.
+
+     =Machiavelian=--m[)a]k-i-a-v[=e]l'ian, not m[)a]sh-i-a-v[)e]l'ian.
+       pertaining to Machiavel; politically cunning.
+
+     =Mad.= In the sense of provoked, wrathful or indignant, _angry_
+       is generally considered the more appropriate word. "_Mad as a
+       March hare_," is an indelicate term that should not be used on
+       account of its origin.
+
+     =Madame=--mae-daem', not m[)a]d'am.
+
+     =Magna Charta=--magna kaer'ta, not magna chaer'ta.
+
+     =Manes=--m[=a]'n[=e]z, not m[=a]nz. The souls of the dead.
+
+     =Manor=--m[)a]n'or, not m[=a]'nor.
+
+     =Marigold=--m[)a]r'i-gold, not m[=a]'ri-gold.
+
+     =Matin=--m[)a]t'in, not m[=a]'tin.
+
+     =Matins=--m[)a]t'inz, not m[=a]'tinz.
+
+     =Mattress=--m[)a]t'tress, not ma-tr[)a]ss'. Written also
+       =matress= and pronounced as the first.
+
+     =Meaw=--m[=u], not meyow. To cry like a cat.
+
+     =Mediocre=--me'di-[=o]-ker, not m[=e]-di-[=o]'ker, nor
+       m[=e]-di-[)o]k'er.
+
+     =Melange=--m[=a]-l[)o]ngzh', not me-l[)a]nj'.
+
+     =Melanotype=--me-l[)a]n'o-type, not me-l[=a]n'o-type.
+
+     =Melodrama=--m[)e]l-o-dr[=a]'ma, not m[)e]l-o-dr[)a]m'a, nor
+       m[)e]l-o-drae'ma.
+
+     =Memoir=--m[)e]m'wor or m[=e]m'wor, according to Webster;
+       Worcester gives m[=e]-moir' or m[)e]m'waer.
+
+     =Mesdames=--m[=a]-daem', not m[)e]z-d[=a]mes'.
+
+     =Metallurgy=--m[)e]t'al-lur-jy, not me-t[)a]l'lur-jy.
+
+     =Metaphor.= The failure to distinguish between metaphors and
+       similes, is a very common mistake. In a metaphor the
+       resemblance is implied without any words to show the
+       similarity; as soon as the latter are added it becomes a
+       simile. "Hope is an anchor," and "Judah is a lion's whelp" are
+       metaphors. "Hope is _like_ an anchor," and "Judah is _like_ a
+       lion's whelp" are similes.
+
+     =Metrical=--m[)e]t'rik-al, not m[=e]'trik-al.
+
+     =Mezzo=--m[)e]d'z[=o] or m[)e]t'z[=o], not m[)e]z'z[=o]. An
+       Italian word meaning middle; not extreme. =Mezzo-soprano=
+       (m[)e]d'zo-so-prae'no); between contralto and soprano; said of
+       the voice of a female singer. =Mezzotinto=, etc.
+
+     =Microscope=--m[=i]'kro-scope, not m[)i]k'ro-scope. =Microscopic=
+       (m[=i]-kro-sc[)o]p'ic). =Microscopy= (m[=i]-kros'co-py).
+
+     =Mien=--meen, not m[=a]ne.
+
+     =Mineralogy=--min-er-al'o-jy, not min-er-[)o]l'o-jy.
+
+     =Minuet=--m[)i]n'[=u]-et, not m[)i]n-[=u]-[)e]t'. A dance.
+
+     =Mischievous=--m[)i]s'che-v[)u]s, not m[)i]s-ch[=e]'v[)u]s, nor
+       mis-ch[=e]'ve-us. =Mischievously= and =mischievousness= are
+       also accented on the first syllable.
+
+     =Modulate.= This word is often used incorrectly instead of
+       _moderate_ in such sentences as: "_Modulate_ your voice," when
+       it is meant to command or request that the tone be _moderated_
+       or lowered. _Modulate_ means to vary or inflect in a musical
+       manner, and although the word might often be used with
+       propriety in such sentences as the above, yet it is not always
+       what is _meant_ by the speaker. A person's voice may be
+       perfectly _modulated_ and yet the tone may be so high that it
+       is desirable, upon certain occasions, to have it _moderated_.
+
+     =Moire=--mwor, not m[=o]re nor m[=o]'re. =Moire antique= (mwor
+       [)a]n-t[=e]k').
+
+     =Molasses.= It may seem incredible to those who have never heard
+       the error I am about to mention, that such a ridiculous blunder
+       could occur. I should hardly have believed it myself, if I had
+       only heard _of_ it; but I was once in a portion of the country
+       where all the people for miles around spoke of molasses as if
+       it were a plural noun, and I frequently heard such remarks as
+       the following: "_These_ molasses are very good; _they_ are the
+       best I have seen for some time." I once began to remonstrate
+       with one of the champions of the plurality of the treacle, and
+       insisted that he should say, "_this_ molasses" and, "_it_ is
+       good," etc.; but it was of no avail. He insisted that the word
+       was analogous to _ashes_, and if one was plural so was the
+       other. There was no good dictionary or other reliable authority
+       in the neighborhood, as might be imagined from what has been
+       said, so they were left happy in their ignorance.
+
+     =Monad=--m[)o]n'ad, not m[=o]'nad. An ultimate atom.
+
+     =Monogram=--m[)o]n'o-gram, not m[=o]'no-gram.
+
+     =Monograph=--m[)o]n'o-graph, not m[=o]'no-graph.
+
+     =Monomania=--m[)o]n-o-m[=a]'nia, not m[=o]-no-m[=a]'nia.
+       =Monomaniac= (m[)o]n-o-m[=a]'ni-ac).
+
+     =Moor=--m[=o][=o]r, not m[=o]re. An extensive waste; a heath.
+       _Moor_, the name of a native of North Africa, is similarly
+       pronounced.
+
+     =Morale=--mo-rael', not m[)o]r'[=a]le nor m[=o]-r[)a]l'.
+
+     =Mountainous=--mount'ain-ous, not moun-t[=a]'ni-o[)u]s.
+
+     =Multiplication=--m[)u]l-ti-pli-c[=a]'tion, not
+       m[)u]l-ti-pi-c[=a]'tion.
+
+     =Murrain=--m[)u]r'r[)i]n, not m[)u]r'r[=a]ne. A disease among
+       cattle.
+
+     =Museum=--mu-z[=e]'um, not m[=u]'ze-um.
+
+     =Mushroom=, not _mush-roon_.
+
+     =Musk-melon=, not _mush-melon_; but anything before
+       _mush-million_.
+
+     =Mussulmans=, not _musselmen_, is the plural of =Mussulman=.
+
+     =Mythology=--m[)i]-th[)o]l'o-jy, not m[=i]-th[)o]l'o-jy.
+
+
+     N.
+
+     =Naiad=--n[=a]'yad, not n[=a]'[)i]d nor n[=a]'[)a]d. A water nymph.
+
+     =Nainsook=--n[=a]n-s[=o][=o]k', not n[)a]n-s[=o][=o]k'. A kind of
+       muslin.
+
+     =Naive=--nae'[=e]v, not n[=a]ve nor naeve. Natural; artless.
+
+     =Naivete=--nae'[=e]v-t[=a], not n[=a]-v[=e]te' nor n[=a]-v[=e]'ta.
+
+     =Nape=--n[=a]p, not n[)a]p. The back part of the neck.
+
+     =Nasal=--n[=a]'zal, not n[=a]'sal nor n[)a]s'al.
+
+     =Nasturtium= or =Nasturtion=, not _asturtion_.
+
+     =Negligee=--n[)e]g-li-zh[=a]', not n[)e]g-li-j[=e]', nor
+       n[)e]g'li-zh[=a].
+
+     =Newspaper=--n[=u]z'p[=a]-per, not n[=u]s'p[=a]-per.
+
+     =Niche=--n[)i]ch, not n[)i]ck, when a concave recess in a wall
+       for an ornament is meant. If a piece is chopped roughly out of
+       anything, it is a _nick_. _Nick_ of time, not _niche_ of time,
+       when a critical moment is meant; but in figurative language
+       there is no doubt that the phrase "niche of time," may be
+       appropriately used. A great event may be said to stand in a
+       _niche of time_ as an example for coming ages.
+
+     =Nomad=--n[)o]m'ad, not n[=o]'-mad. One of a wandering tribe.
+       Written =nomade= (n[)o]m'ade) also.
+
+     =Nomenclature=--no-men-cl[=a]'ture, not n[=o]'men-cl[=a]t[=u]re.
+
+     =Nominative=, not _nom-a-tive_.
+
+     =Nonillion=--n[=o]-n[)i]ll'ion, not n[)o]n-[)i]ll'ion.
+
+     =Nook=--n[=o][=o]k, as given by Webster. Worcester sanctions both
+       n[=o][=o]k and n[)o][)o]k.
+
+     =Notable=--n[)o]t'a-ble, not n[=o]'ta-ble, when it is applied to
+       a person distinguished for thrift, management, care, etc.; as a
+       _notable housekeeper_.
+
+     =Nymphean=--n[)i]m-f[=e]'an, not n[)i]mf'e-an. Relating to nymphs.
+
+
+     O.
+
+     =Obesity=--o-b[)e]s'i-ty, not o-b[=e]'si-ty.
+
+     =Obligatory=--[)o]b'li-ga-to-ry, not [)o]b-l[)i]g'a-to-ry.
+
+     =Often=--[)o]f'n, not [)o]f't[)e]n.
+
+     =Omega=--o-m[=e]'ga or o-m[)e]g'a, not [)o]m'e-ga. Worcester
+       allows the first only.
+
+     =Onerous=--[)o]n'er-ous, not [=o]'ner-o[)u]s.
+
+     =Only=--[=o]n'ly, not [)u]n'ly.
+
+     =Onyx=--[=o]'nyx, not [)o]n'yx.
+
+     =Opal=--[=o]'-pal, not [=o]-p[)a]l' nor [=o]-pawl'.
+
+     =Opponent=--op-p[=o]'nent, not [)o]p'po-nent.
+
+     =Ordnance=, not _ordinance_, when cannon, artillery, etc., are
+       intended. _Ordinance_ is a rule established by authority.
+
+     =Orgeat=--or'zhat or or'zh[=a], not or'je-at. Worcester gives
+       or'zhat.
+
+     =Orthoepy=--or'tho-e-py, not or-th[=o]'e-py.
+
+     =Orthoepist=--or'tho-e-pist, not or-th[=o]'e-pist.
+
+     =Overflowed=, not _overflown_.
+
+
+     P.
+
+     =Palaver=--pa-lae'ver, not pa-l[)a]v'er.
+
+     =Pall-mall=--p[)e]l-m[)e]l', not pawl-mawl'. The name of a game
+       formerly played in England; and the name of a street in London.
+       Written also _pail-mail_ and _pell-mell_, both pronounced as
+       above. Pell-mell used as an adverb means mixed together in a
+       disorderly manner; but one person can not rush _pell-mell_.
+
+     =Papaw=--pa-paw', not p[)o]p'paw as commonly called. Written also
+       =pawpaw=.
+
+     =Papyrus=--pa-p[=i]'rus, not p[)a]p'i-r[)u]s. A material used for
+       writing upon by the ancients, made from the inner bark of a
+       plant.
+
+     =Parent=--par'ent, not p[=a]'rent.
+
+     =Parisian=--pa-r[)i]z'ian, not pa-r[)i]sh'ian nor pa-r[)i]ss'ian.
+       Worcester gives pa-r[)i]zh'i-an.
+
+     =Paroquet=--p[)a]r'o-quet, not p[)a]r-o-k[)e]t'.
+
+     =Parquet=--paer-k[=a]' or paer-k[)e]t'. Worcester allows paer-k[=a]'
+       only.
+
+     =Parquette=--paer-ket', not paer-k[=a]'.
+
+     =Partner=, not _pardner_.
+
+     =Partridge=, not _pattrij_.
+
+     =Patent.= The _adjective_ is pronounced either p[)a]t'ent or
+       p[=a]'tent. When used as a verb or a noun it is pronounced
+       p[)a]t'ent.
+
+     =Patois=--p[)a]t-w[)o]', not p[)a]t'w[)o] nor p[)a]t-waw'.
+
+     =Patriot=--p[=a]'tri-ot, not p[)a]t'ri-ot. =Patriotic=,
+       =patriotism=, etc., have also the long a. Worcester gives the
+       same with the exception of _patriotic_, which he pronounces
+       both p[=a]'tri-ot-ic and p[)a]t'ri-ot-ic.
+
+     =Patron=--p[=a]'tron, not p[)a]t'ron. =Patroness= and
+       =patronless= have also the long a.
+
+     =Patronize=--p[)a]t'ron-[=i]ze, not p[=a]'tron-[=i]ze.
+
+     =Patronage=--p[)a]t'ron-aje, not p[=a]'tron-aje.
+
+     =Pease=, not _peas_, when an uncounted quantity is referred to,
+       as: a bushel of _pease_, a plateful of _pease_, some more
+       _pease_, etc. _Peas_ when a certain number is mentioned, as: a
+       dozen _peas_, fifty _peas_, etc.
+
+     =Pedal=--p[)e]d'al, not p[=e]'dal, when that portion of a piano
+       or harp that is acted upon by the feet, is meant. P[=e]'dal is
+       an adjective, and means pertaining to the above, or to a foot.
+
+     =Perfect.= I have selected this as the representative of a class
+       of adjectives that, strictly speaking, do not admit of
+       comparison. I have noticed, invariably, that those who appear
+       to be so anxious to correct the error of giving degrees of
+       comparison to a few stereotyped words of this class, such as
+       _round_, _square_, _universal_, _chief_, _extreme_, etc., are
+       singularly remiss in calling attention to a great many other
+       mistakes of the same kind that are equally prominent. Amongst
+       the latter may be mentioned the comparison of _correct_,
+       _complete_, _even_, _level_, _straight_, etc. It will be
+       admitted that if anything is _perfect_ it can not be _more_ so;
+       and as soon as it is _less_ so it fails to be _perfect_ at all.
+       So, if anything is _correct_ it is perfectly free from error;
+       it can not be made _more_ correct, and if its correctness is
+       detracted from, it is not quite correct any longer. A
+       _straight_ line is one that does not vary from a perfectly
+       _direct_ course in the slightest degree; it can not be
+       _straighter_ and if it could be _less_ straight, it would be
+       _curved_. It is ridiculous for any one to insist upon a
+       national reformation of a few such errors, and suffer a hundred
+       others just like them to exist without remonstrance. Either
+       _nearer_ and _nearest_, _more nearly_, and _most nearly_, and
+       the like, should be substituted for the degrees of comparison
+       and used with all such words; or people should treat them as
+       all other adjectives, just as the best writers and speakers
+       have always done. The former course is the more desirable; the
+       latter is certainly the more probable.
+
+     =Perfidious=--per-f[)i]d'i-ous, not p[)e]r'f[)i]d-o[)u]s.
+       Worcester allows per-f[)i]d'y[)u]s in addition to the first.
+
+     =Peony=--p[=e]'o-ny) =Paeony= (p[=e]'o-ny) or =Piony= (p[=i]'o-ny)
+       not p[=i]'ny as often called. A flower.
+
+     =Perambulate=, not _preambulate_.
+
+     =Period=--p[=e]'ri-od, not p[)e]r'i-od. =Periodic=, =Periodical=,
+       etc., have also the long e.
+
+     =Perspire=, not _prespire_.
+
+     =Perspiration=, not _prespiration_.
+
+     =Persuade.= This word carries with it the idea of success in
+       one's endeavors to convince or induce. "I _persuaded_ him for a
+       long time, but he would not grant my request," should be, "I
+       _tried_ to _persuade_ him," etc.
+
+     =Petrel=--p[)e]t'rel, not p[=e]'trel. A bird. Worcester allows
+       the latter also.
+
+     =Phaeton=--ph[=a]'et-on, not ph[=a]'te-on. A vehicle.
+
+     =Pharmaceutist=--faer-ma-s[=u]'t[)i]st, not faer-m[=a]-k[=u]'tist
+       nor faer-m[=a]'k[=u]-tist.
+
+     =Pharmacop[oe]ia=--faer-ma-co-p[=e]'ya, not faer-m[=a]-c[=o]'pi-a.
+
+     =Piano=--pi-ae'no, not p[=i]-[)a]n'o. Worcester allows
+       p[)i]-[)a]n'o.
+
+     =Piano-forte=--p[)i]-ae'no-f[=o]r't[=a], not
+       p[=i]-[)a]n'o-f[=o]rt. Worcester sanctions
+       p[)i]-ae'no-f[=o]r'te, p[)i]-[)a]n'o-for-te, and remarks in
+       parenthesis, _often_ pe-[)a]n'o-f[=o]rt; but the last
+       pronunciation is evidently not preferred.
+
+     =Pilaster=--p[)i]-l[)a]s'ter, not p[)i]l'as-ter. A square pillar
+       set into a wall and projecting slightly.
+
+     =Piquant=--p[)i]k'ant, not p[)i]k'w[)a]nt nor p[=e]k'w[)a]nt.
+       =Piquantly= (p[)i]k'ant-ly), etc.
+
+     =Placard=--pla-kaerd', not pl[)a]k'ard.
+
+     =Placid=--pl[)a]s'id, not pl[=a]'sid. =Placidly= and =placidness=
+       have also the short a.
+
+     =Plait=--pl[=a]t, not pl[)a]t nor pl[=e]t. A braid; or to braid.
+       =Plat= (pl[)a]t) is a proper word, however, having the same
+       meanings, but the difference in pronunciation must be observed,
+       when the spelling is as above. =Plait=, meaning a fold of
+       cloth, as in a shirt bosom, is also pronounced pl[=a]t. How
+       common an error it is to speak of the _pleets_ when alluding
+       to such folds.
+
+     =Platina=--pl[)a]t'i-na or pla-t[=e]'na, not pla-t[=i]'na nor
+       pla-t[)i]n'a. Worcester allows pl[)a]t'i-na only.
+
+     =Platinum=--pl[)a]t'i-num or pla-t[=i]'num, not pla-t[=e]'num nor
+       pla-t[)i]n'um. Worcester gives pl[)a]t'i-num only.
+
+     =Plebeian=--ple-b[=e]'ian, not pl[=e]'bi-an. Ple-b[)o]n', as some
+       pronounce it, is outrageous, neither French, English, nor
+       Hottentot.
+
+     =Plenary=--pl[=e]'na-ry, not pl[)e]n'a-ry. Full; entire.
+       Worcester gives both methods.
+
+     =Poetaster=--p[=o]'et-[)a]s-ter, not p[=o]'et-t[=a]st-er. A petty
+       poet.
+
+     =Poniard=--p[)o]n'yard, not poin'yard.
+
+     =Posthumous=--p[)o]st'hu-mous, not p[=o]st'hu-mo[)u]s nor
+       p[)o]st-[=u]'mo[)u]s. =Posthumously= (p[)o]st'hu-mous-ly).
+
+     =Potable=--p[=o]'ta-ble, not p[)o]t'a-ble. Drinkable.
+
+     =Potheen=--po-theen', not p[)o]t-teen'. When spelled =potteen=,
+       however, as it may be correctly, the latter pronunciation is
+       proper.
+
+     =Prairie=--pr[=a]'ry, not per-r[=a]'ry.
+
+     =Prebendary=--pr[)e]b'end-a-ry, not pr[=e]'bend-a-ry. A clergyman
+       of a collegiate or cathedral church, who enjoys a prebend.
+
+     =Prebend=--pr[)e]b'end, not pr[=e]'bend. A stipend.
+
+     =Precedence=--pre-s[=e]'dence, not pr[)e]s'e-dence. =Precedency=
+       and =precedently=, have the second syllable accented also.
+
+     =Precedent=--pre-s[=e]'dent, not pr[)e]s'e-dent. An adjective
+       meaning antecedent.
+
+     =Precedent=--pr[)e]s'e-dent, not pre-s[=e]'dent nor
+       pr[=e]'se-dent. A noun meaning an example or preceding
+       circumstance. =Precedented= and =unprecedented= have also the
+       short e.
+
+     =Precocious=--pre-k[=o]'shus, not pre-k[)o]sh'[)u]s.
+       =Precociously= and =precociousness= have also the long o.
+
+     =Predatory=--pr[)e]d'a-to-ry, not pr[=e]'da-tory. Plundering;
+       pillaging.
+
+     =Predecessor=--pr[)e]d-e-c[)e]s'sor, not pr[=e]-de-c[)e]s'sor.
+
+     =Preface=--pr[)e]f'ace, not pr[=e]'face. =Prefatory=
+       (pr[)e]f'a-to-ry).
+
+     =Prejudice=, not _predudice_.
+
+     =Prelate=--pr[)e]l'ate, not pr[=e]'-late.
+
+     =Presage=, not _prestige_, when something is meant that foreshows
+       a future event; an omen. "This is a _presage_ of victory."
+
+     =Prescription=, not _perscription_.
+
+     =Prestige=, not _presage_, when it is meant that some one carries
+       weight or influence from past deeds or successes. "The
+       _prestige_ of the hero's name was half the battle."
+
+     =Presentiment=--pre-sent'i-ment, not pre-zent'i-ment.
+
+     =Pretty=--pr[)i]t'ty, not pr[)e]'ty. =Prettily= (pr[)i]t'ti-ly),
+       etc.
+
+     =Preventive=, not _preventative_.
+
+     =Primeval=--pr[=i]-m[=e]'val, not pr[)i]m'e-val.
+
+     =Process=--pr[)o]s'ess, not pr[=o]'sess.
+
+     =Prodigy=, not _projidy_.
+
+     =Produce=--pr[)o]d'uce, not pr[=o]'d[=u]ce. The noun; the verb is
+       pro-d[=u]ce'.
+
+     =Product=--pr[)o]d'uct, not pr[=o]'duct.
+
+     =Progress=--pr[)o]g'ress, not pro'gress. Noun; the verb is
+       pro-gress'.
+
+     =Prosody=--pr[)o]s'o-dy, not pr[=o]'so-dy nor pr[)o]z'o-dy.
+
+     =Protean=--pr[=o]'te-an, not pro-t[=e]'an. Assuming different
+       shapes.
+
+     =Protege= (Fr. protege)--pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', not
+       pr[=o]'t[=e]je. One under the care of another. =Protegee= (Fr.
+       protegee)--pr[=o]-t[=a]-zh[=a]', feminine.
+
+     =Psalm=--saem, not s[)a]m. =Psalmist= (saem'ist). Worcester gives
+       s[)a]m'ist also for the latter word.
+
+     =Psalmody=--s[)a]l'mo-dy, not saem'o-dy nor s[)a]m-o-dy.
+
+     =Psychical=--s[=i]'k[)i]k-al, not s[)i]k'[)i]k-al nor
+       f[)i]z'[)i]k-al, as it is sometimes thoughtlessly pronounced in
+       reading. Pertaining to the human soul.
+
+     =Pumpkin=, not _punkin_. _Pumpkin_ itself is a corruption of
+       _pumpion_ or _pompion_, but is the word that is now generally
+       used.
+
+     =Purulent=--p[=u]'ru-lent, not p[)u]r'u-lent. Containing pus or
+       matter. =Purulence= and =purulency= have also the long u in the
+       first syllable.
+
+     =Put=--p[)o][)o]t, not p[)u]t. This anomalous pronunciation is
+       hard for some to adopt, the natural tendency being to sound the
+       _u_ as it is in a host of other words consisting of two
+       consonants with a short u between them, as: bun, but, cut, dug,
+       fun, gun, hut, nut, etc.
+
+     =Pyrites=--p[=i]-r[=i]'tez, not pe-r[=i]'tez, p[)i]r'i-tez nor
+       p[=i]'r[=i]tez.
+
+
+     Q.
+
+     =Qualm=--kwaem, not kw[)a]m. Worcester allows kwawm also.
+
+     =Quay=--k[=e], not kw[=a].
+
+     =Querulous=, means complaining, whining, etc., and not
+       _questioning_.
+
+     =Quinine=--kw[=i]'n[=i]ne or kw[)i]-n[=i]ne', not kwi-neen'.
+       Worcester gives kw[)i]-n[=i]ne' or kw[)i]n'[=i]ne.
+
+     =Quoit=--kwoit, not kw[=a]te.
+
+     =Quoth=--kw[=o]th or kw[)u]th, not kw[)o]th.
+
+
+     R.
+
+     =Rabies=--r[=a]'bi-[=e]z, not r[)a]b'[=e]z. Madness, as that of
+       dogs.
+
+     =Radish=--r[)a]d'ish, not r[)e]d-ish.
+
+     =Raillery=--r[)a]l'ler-y, not r[=a]l'ler-y. Slight ridicule;
+       pleasantry.
+
+     =Raise=--=Rise.= _Raise_ is a transitive verb, or one in which
+       the action passes over to an object. Present tense, _raise_;
+       imperfect tense and past participle, _raised_; present
+       participle, _raising_. _Rise_ is an intransitive verb, the
+       action not passing over to an object. Present tense, _rise_;
+       imperfect tense, _rose_; past participle, _risen_; present
+       participle, _rising_. Errors in the use of these words ought to
+       be avoided by remembering the following rules:
+
+          1. If the person or thing spoken of exerts an action that
+          passes over to an object, use _raise_, _raised_, and
+          _raising_.
+
+          2. If the person or thing spoken of exerts an action that
+          does not pass over to an object, use _rise_, _rose_,
+          _risen_, _rising_. To avoid further repetition in the method
+          I have adopted to impress upon the mind the difference
+          between transitive and intransitive verbs by contrasted
+          sentences, I would refer the reader to the remarks under
+          =Lay=. "I will _raise_ in the morning at five," should be,
+          "I will _rise_," etc. "I will _raise_ the _window_," etc.,
+          is correct, for the action passes to or affects the window.
+          "I will _raise myself_ if I have the strength" is correct,
+          because an object, _myself_, is furnished. "The price of
+          flour is _raising_," should be, "The price of flour is
+          _rising_;" but it is right to say, "The merchants are
+          _raising_ the price of flour." "Gold has _raised_ in value,"
+          should be, "Gold has _risen_ in value." "The price of bonds
+          _raised_ in less than an hour," should be, "The price of
+          bonds _rose_," etc. "The sun is _raising_," should be, "The
+          sun is _rising_." "The sun is _raising_ the temperature," is
+          proper. The pulse has _risen_, but excitement has _raised_
+          it. The river has _risen_ in its bed and has _raised_ the
+          canal. Birds _rise_ in the air. _Arise_ can often be
+          appropriately substituted for _rise_.
+
+     =Rampant=--r[)a]m'pant, not ram-pant'.
+
+     =Rapine=--r[)a]p'[)i]n, not r[)a]p'een nor r[=a]-peen'.
+
+     =Raspberry=--r[)a]z'ber-ry, not r[)a]ss'ber-ry nor rawz'ber-ry.
+       Worcester gives raz'ber-ry and raes'ber-ry.
+
+     =Rational=--r[)a]sh'un-al, not r[=a]-shun-al. =Rationalist=
+       (r[)a]sh'un-al-[)i]st), etc.
+
+     =Recess=--re-c[)e]ss', not r[=e]'c[)e]ss.
+
+     =Recherche= (Fr. recherche)--r[)u]h-sher-sh[=a]', not re-shersh'.
+       Worcester gives r[=a]-sher-sh[=a]'.
+
+     =Recluse=--re-kluse', not re-kluze'.
+
+     =Reconnoissance=--re-c[)o]n'no[)i]s-saence, not rek-on-nois'sance.
+       Worcester gives re-c[)o]n'no[)i]s-saence'. =Reconnaissance= is
+       another method of spelling.
+
+     =Recriminations=, not _mutual recriminations_; the word itself
+       tells of the _mutuality_.
+
+     =Redolent=--r[)e]d'o-lent, not red[=o]'lent. Diffusing odor or
+       fragrance.
+
+     =Relevant=, not _revelant_. Pertinent; applicable.
+
+     =Relic=, not _relict_, when that which remains, a corpse, or
+       anything preserved in remembrance, is meant. =Relict= means a
+       widow.
+
+     =Rendezvous=--r[)e]n'de-v[=o][=o], not r[)o]n'de-v[=o][=o] nor
+       r[)e]n'de-v[=o][=o]z. Worcester gives r[)e]n'de-v[=o][=o] and
+       r[)e]n'de-v[=o][=o]z. The plural is =rendezvouses=
+       (r[)e]n'de-v[=o][=o]z-ez).
+
+     =Requiem=--r[=e]'kwi-em, not r[)e]k'w[)i]-em. Worcester gives
+       both pronunciations.
+
+     =Resume= (Fr. resume)--r[=a]-z[=u]-m[=a]', not re-z[=u]me' nor
+       re-z[=u]'m[=a]. Worcester gives rez-u-m[=a]'.
+
+     =Reticule=, not _ridicule_, when a little bag of net-work is meant.
+
+     =Reveille=--re-v[=a]l'y[=a], not rev-a-l[=e]'. Worcester gives
+       the first and re-v[=a]l'.
+
+     =Ribald=--r[)i]b'ald, not r[=i]'bald. Low; obscene. =Ribaldry=
+       (r[)i]b'ald-ry).
+
+     =Rinse=--r[)i]nss, not r[)e]nse nor wr[)e]nch. "_Wrench_ your
+       mouth," said an uneducated dentist to a patient after _wrenching_
+       out a large molar. "Thank you," replied the patient. "_You_ have
+       done that, but I'll _rinse_ it, if you please."
+
+     =Ripples=, not _riffles_.
+
+     =Romance=--ro-manss', not r[=o]'manss.
+
+     =Roseate=--r[=o]'ze-at, not r[=o]z'[=a]te. Worcester gives
+       r[=o]'zhe-at also.
+
+     =Roue= (Fr. roue)--r[=o][=o]-[=a]', not r[=o][=o]. Worcester
+       gives r[=o][=o]'[=a].
+
+
+     S.
+
+     =Sacerdotal=--s[)a]s-er-d[=o]'tal, not s[=a]-ser-d[=o]'tal,
+       s[=a]-ker-d[=o]'tal nor s[)a]k-er-d[=o]'tal.
+
+     =Sacrament=--s[)a]k'ra-ment, not s[=a]'kra-ment. =Sacramental=
+       (s[)a]k'ra-ment-al), etc.
+
+     =Sacrifice=--s[)a]k'r[)i]-f[=i]z, not s[)a]k'r[)i]-f[)i]s nor
+       s[)a]k'r[)i]-f[=i]se. Verb and noun the same. =Sacrificing=
+       (s[)a]k'r[)i]-f[=i]-z[)i]ng), etc.
+
+     =Sacristan=--s[)a]k'rist-an, not s[=a]'krist-an nor
+       s[=a]-kr[)i]s'tan. =Sacristy= (s[)a]k'rist-y).
+
+     =Salam=--sa-laem', not sa-l[)a]m'. Written =salaam= also, and
+       pronounced similarly.
+
+     =Saline=--sa-l[=i]ne' or s[=a]'l[=i]ne, not s[=a]-l[=e][=e]n'.
+       Worcester gives sa-l[=i]ne' only.
+
+     =Salve=--saev, not s[)a]v. Worcester gives saelv also.
+
+     =Samaritan=--sa-m[)a]r'i-tan, not sa-m[=a]'ri-tan.
+
+     =Sanitary=, not _sanatory_, when _pertaining_ to health is meant.
+       =Sanatory= is more restricted in its application, and means
+       healing; curative.
+
+     =Saracen=--s[)a]r'a-sen, not s[)a]r'a-ken.
+
+     =Sarsaparilla=--saer-sa-pa-r[)i]l'la, not s[)a]s-sa-pa-r[)i]l'la,
+       nor saer-sa-fa-r[)i]l'la.
+
+     =Satyr=--s[=a]'tur, according to Webster. Worcester gives
+       s[)a]t'ir also.
+
+     =Saucy=--saw'sy, not _sassy_.
+
+     =Said.= _Said_ (s[)e]d), not says (s[)e]z), in speaking of past
+       remarks. Many of the most cultivated people are guilty of this
+       vulgarism. "'I will call to see you soon,' _sez_ he." "'I will
+       be glad to see you at any time,' _sez_ I." Where the details of
+       a long conversation are given the frequent repetition of _sez_,
+       or even _said_, is very grating to the refined ear. The use of
+       _asked_, _inquired_, _remarked_, _suggested_, _answered_,
+       _replied_, etc., instead, has a pleasing effect upon narrative
+       or anecdote. It is preferable, also, to give the _exact words_
+       of the speaker after _said_, etc., as: "When he had finished
+       reading the letter, he said: 'I will attend to the business the
+       first leisure moment I have.'" When the word _that_ follows the
+       _said_, the substance only of the remark may be given, as "He
+       said that he would attend to the business the first leisure
+       moment he had." Whichever form is used in narrative, it is not
+       at all harmonious to give the _exact words_ of one speaker and
+       only the substance of the remarks of another, at least without
+       regard to regularity in alternation.
+
+     =Schism=--s[)i]zm, not sk[)i]sm.
+
+     =Seckel=, not s[)i]ck-el. A kind of pear.
+
+     =See.= It is not uncommon to meet with people that incorrectly
+       use _see_ in the imperfect tense, as: "I _see_ him yesterday,"
+       instead of, "I _saw_ him yesterday." See is never used in any
+       tense but the present, without an auxiliary, as did, shall, etc.
+
+     =Seignior=--s[=e]n'yur, not s[=a]n'yor.
+
+     =Seine=--s[=e]n, not s[=a]n. A net for catching fish.
+
+     =Senile=--s[=e]'n[=i]le, not s[)e]n'[=i]le. Pertaining to old age.
+
+     =Separate=, not _seperate_. The loss of the a is not noticed in
+       the pronunciation, but the mistake frequently occurs in writing
+       this word as it does in the words =inseparable=,
+       =inseparableness=, =separation=, etc.
+
+     =Servile=--ser'v[)i]l, not ser'v[=i]le.
+
+     =Set.= Noun. There are many who incorrectly use _sett_ in writing
+       of a _set_ of dishes, a _set_ of chess-men, a _set_ of teeth,
+       or of some other collection of things of the same kind. A
+       =sett= is a piece placed upon the head of a pile for striking
+       upon, when the pile can not be reached by the weight or hammer.
+
+     =Set=--=Sit.= Blunders in the use of these words are amongst the
+       most common we have. _Set_, as we shall first consider it, is a
+       transitive verb, or one in which the action passes over to an
+       object. Present tense, _set_; imperfect tense and past
+       participle, _set_; present participle, _setting_. _Sit_ is an
+       intransitive verb, or one which has no object after it. Present
+       tense, _sit_; imperfect tense and past participle, _sat_;
+       present participle, _sitting_.
+
+       To avoid repetition as much as possible, I would refer any one to
+       whom the explanation here given is not perfectly clear, to the
+       rules and remarks under =Lay= and =Raise=, which are equally
+       applicable here. "Will you _set_ on this chair?" should be, "Will
+       you _sit_ on this chair?" "Will you _set_ this _chair_ in the
+       other room?" is correct. "I _set_ for my picture yesterday,"
+       should be, "I _sat_," etc. "This hat _sets_ well," should be,
+       "This hat _sits_ well." "Court _sets_ next month," should be,
+       "Court _sits_ next month." "The hen has been _setting_ for a
+       week," should be, "The hen has been _sitting_," etc. "As cross as
+       a _setting_ hen," should be, "As cross as a _sitting_ hen." But a
+       person may _set_ a hen; that is, place her in position on eggs.
+       One _sits_ up in a chair, but he _sets_ up a post. One _sits_
+       down on the ground, but he _sets_ down figures. _Set_ is also an
+       intransitive verb and has special meanings attached to it as
+       such, but they may be readily understood by a little study of
+       the dictionary, and no confusion need arise. The sun _sets_.
+       Plaster of Paris _sets_. A setter dog _sets_. One _sets_ out on a
+       journey. _Sit_ may also be used in two senses as a transitive
+       verb, as: "The general _sits_ his horse well," and "The woman
+       _sat_ herself down."
+
+     =Sew=--s[=o], not s[=u].
+
+     =Shampoo=, not _shampoon_. =Shampooing.= Written also =champoo=.
+
+     =Shekel=--sh[)e]k'el, not sh[=e]'kel.
+
+     =Shumac=--sh[=u]'mak, not sh[=u]-mak'. Written also =sumac= and
+       =sumach=, both accented on the first syllable.
+
+     =Sick= _of_, not sick _with_, as sick _of_ a fever.
+
+     =Sienna=--si-[)e]n'na, not _senna_, when paint is meant. =Senna=
+       is a plant used as medicine.
+
+     =Simultaneous=--s[=i]-mul-t[=a]'ne-ous, not
+       s[)i]m'ul-t[=a]'ne-o[)u]s. =Simultaneously=
+       (s[=i]-mul-t[=a]'ne-ous-ly), etc.
+
+     =Since=, not _sence_.
+
+     =Sinecure=--s[=i]'ne-cure, not s[)i]n'e-cure. An office which
+       yields revenue without labor.
+
+     =Sit.= See =Sat=.
+
+     =Slake=--sl[=a]ke, not sl[)a]k, when the word is spelled as
+       given, as: _slaked_ lime, to _slake_ one's thirst, etc. If
+       spelled =slack=, the ordinary pronunciation is right.
+
+     =Slough=--slow, not sl[=o][=o] nor sl[=o]. A mudhole. Written
+       =sloo= (sl[=o][=o]) also.
+
+     =Slough=--sl[)u]f, not as above. The cast skin of a serpent. Dead
+       flesh which separates from the living. The verb expressing this
+       action is pronounced the same.
+
+     =Sobriquet=--so-bri-k[=a]', not written _soubriquet_. Worcester
+       pronounces it s[)o]b'r[=e]-k[=a]'.
+
+     =Soften=--s[)o]f'fn, not sawf'ten.
+
+     =Sonnet=--s[)o]n'net, not s[)u]n'net.
+
+     =Soot=--s[=o][=o]t or s[)o][)o]t, not s[)u]t.
+
+     =Soporific=--s[)o]p-o-r[)i]f'ik, not s[=o]-por-[)i]f'ik.
+
+     =Sotto voce=--s[)o]t't[=o] v[=o]'ch[=a], not s[)o]t'to v[=o]s'
+       nor s[)o]t't[=o] v[=o]'s[=e].
+
+     =Souse=--souss, not sowze. To plunge into water.
+
+     =Spasmodic=, not _spasmotic_.
+
+     =Spectacles=--sp[)e]k'ta-kls, not sp[)e]k't[)i]k'els.
+
+     =Spermaceti=--sperm-a-s[=e]'t[)i], not sperm-a-c[)i]t'y.
+
+     =Spider=, not _spiter_.
+
+     =Splenetic=--spl[)e]n'e-tic, not sple-n[)e]t'ic. Fretful;
+       peevish.
+
+     =Spoliation=--sp[=o]-li-[=a]'tion, not spoil-a'tion.
+
+     =Spurious=--sp[=u]'ri-ous, not sp[)u]r'i-o[)u]s. =Spuriously=
+       (sp[=u]'ri-ous-ly), etc.
+
+     =Statical=--st[)a]t'i-cal, not st[=a]'ti-cal. Pertaining to
+       bodies at rest.
+
+     =Stationery=, not _stationary_, when paper, envelopes, ink, etc.,
+       are meant.
+
+     =Statue=, not _statute_, when a carved image is meant.
+
+     =Statute=, not _statue_, when a law or decree is meant.
+
+     =Stearine=--st[=e]'a-r[)i]n, not st[)e]r'[)i]n.
+
+     =Stereoscope= (st[=e]'re-o-scope), =Stereotype=
+       (st[=e]'re-o-type), etc., according to Webster; and
+       st[)e]r'e-o-scope, st[)e]r'-e-o-type, etc., according to
+       Worcester.
+
+     =Stolid=--st[)o]l'id, not st[=o]'lid. Stupid; dull.
+
+     =Stratum=--str[=a]'tum, not str[)a]t'um. =Strata= (str[=a]'ta),
+       the Latin plural is used much more than the English =stratums=.
+       Errors like "a _strata_ of gravel," are also not infrequently
+       heard.
+
+     =Strategic=--stra-t[=e]'jik, not str[)a]t'e-j[)i]k. =Strategical=
+       (stra-t[=e]'ji-cal) and =strategist= (str[)a]t'e-jist).
+       Worcester gives stra-t[)e]j'ic and stra-t[)e]j'i-cal.
+
+     =Strum= or =Thrum= should be used, and not _drum_, when the noisy
+       and unskillful fingering of a musical instrument is meant.
+
+     =Stupendous=--stu-pen'd[)u]s, not stu-p[)e]n'j[)u]s nor
+       stu-p[)e]n'de-us.
+
+     =Suavity=--sw[)a]v'[)i]-ty, not swaev'[)i]-ty nor su[)a]v'i-ty.
+
+     =Subtraction=, not _substraction_, when the act of deducting is
+       meant. =Substraction= is a law term meaning the withholding of
+       some right, for which, however, the word _subtraction_ is also
+       used. =Subtract=, not _substract_.
+
+     =Subtile=--s[)u]b't[)i]l, not s[)u]t'tle.
+
+     =Subtle=--s[)u]t'tle, not s[)u]b'tle.
+
+     =Suffice=--s[)u]f-f[=i]z', not s[)u]f-f[=i]s'.
+
+     =Suicidal=--s[=u]-i-s[=i]'dal, not s[=u]-[)i]s'i-dal. Worcester
+       placed the principal accent on the first syllable.
+
+     =Suite=--sweet, not s[=u]te. When the word =suit= is used,
+       however, the latter pronunciation is correct.
+
+     =Sulphurous=--s[)u]l'phur-[)u]s, not sul-ph[=u]'r[)u]s nor
+       s[)u]l-ph[=u]'re-us. =Sulphureous= is another word.
+
+     =Summoned=, not _summonsed_.
+
+     =Supersede=, =superseded=, =superseding=. Observe the s in the
+       penultimate. It is a common error to write _supercede_, etc.
+
+     =Supposititious=--sup-pos-i-t[)i]'shus, not sup-po-s[)i]'shus.
+       Put by a trick in the place of another, as, a _supposititious_
+       child, a _supposititious_ record.
+
+     =Surtout=--s[)u]r-t[=o][=o]t', not s[)u]r-towt' nor
+       s[)u]r't[=o][=o]t.
+
+     =Swath=--swawth, not swawthe. Worcester gives sw[)o]th. The sweep
+       of the scythe in mowing.
+
+
+     T.
+
+     =Tabernacle=--t[)a]b'er-na-cle, not t[)a]b'er-n[)a]k'cle.
+
+     =Tapestry=--t[)a]p'es-try, not t[=a]'p[)e]s-try.
+
+     =Tarlatan=--taer'la-tan, not taerl'tun. =Tartan= is a different
+       material.
+
+     =Tarpaulin=--taer-paw'lin, not taer-p[=o]'lin. Written also
+       =tarpauling= and =tarpawling=.
+
+     =Tartaric=--tar-t[)a]r'ic, not tar-taer'ic. Pertaining to or
+       obtained from tartar, as _tartaric_ acid.
+
+     =Tassel=--t[)a]s'sel, not taw'sel. Worcester gives t[)o]s'sl also.
+
+     =Tatterdemalion=--t[)a]t-ter-de-m[)a]l'ion, not
+       t[)a]t-ter-de-m[=a]l'ion.
+
+     =Telegraphy=--te-l[)e]g'ra-phy, not t[)e]l'e-gr[)a]ph-y.
+
+     =Telegraphist=--te-l[)e]g'ra-phist, not tel'e-gr[)a]ph-ist. A
+       telegraphic operator. No such word as _telegrapher_ is given.
+
+     =Terpsichorean=--terp-s[)i]k-o-r[=e]'an, not terp-si-k[=o]'re-an.
+       Relating to =Terpsichore= (terp-sik'o-re), the muse who
+       presided over dancing.
+
+     =Tete-a-tete=--t[=a]t-ae-t[=a]t', not teet-ae-teet.
+
+     =Theatre= or =theater=--th[=e]'a-ter, not the-[=a]'ter.
+
+     =Threshold=--thr[)e]sh'[=o]ld, not thr[)e]z'[=o]ld nor
+       thr[)e]z'hold. Worcester gives thr[)e]sh'hold.
+
+     =Thyme=--t[=i]m, not as spelled.
+
+     =Tic-douloureux=--t[)i]k'd[=o][=o]-l[=o][=o]-r[=o][=o]', not
+       -d[)o]l-o-r[=o][=o]' nor -d[=o]-l[=o]-r[=o][=o]'.
+
+     =Tiny=--t[=i]'ny, not tee'ny nor t[)i]n'y.
+
+     =Tolu=--to-l[=u]', not t[=u]'l[=u].
+
+     =Tomato=--to-m[=a]'to or to-mae'to, not to-m[)a]t'o.
+
+     =Topographic=--t[)o]p-o-graph'ic, not t[=o]-po-gr[)a]ph'ic.
+       =Topographical= and =topographically= have also the short o in
+       the first syllable.
+
+     =Tour=--t[=o][=o]r, not towr.
+
+     =Tournament=--tuer'na-ment according to Webster. Worcester gives
+       t[=o][=o]r'na-ment also.
+
+     =Toward= and =towards=--t[=o]'-ward and t[=o]'wardz, not to-ward'
+       and to-wardz'.
+
+     =Tragacanth=--tr[)a]g'a-k[)a]nth, not tr[)a]j'a-s[)i]nth nor
+       tr[)a]g'a-s[)a]nth. A gum used for mucilage.
+
+     =Traverse=--tr[)a]v'erse, not tra-verse'. =Traversable=,
+       =traversing= and =traversed= have also the accent on the first
+       syllable.
+
+     =Tremendous=--tre-m[)e]n'd[)u]s, not tre-m[)e]n'de-[)u]s nor
+       tre-m[)e]n'j[)u]s.
+
+     =Trilobite=--tr[=i]'lo-b[=i]te, not tr[)i]l'o-b[=i]te nor
+       tr[)o]l'lo-b[=i]te, as it is often called.
+
+     =Troche=--tr[=o]'kee, not tr[=o]sh, tr[=o]'she, tr[=o]ke nor
+       tr[)o]tch. Plural, =troches= (tr[=o]'keez). A lozenge composed
+       of sugar, mucilage and medicine, as: _bronchial troches_.
+       =Trochee=--tr[=o]'kee, is a foot in poetry.
+
+     =Truculent=--tr[=u]'ku-lent, not tr[)u]k'u-lent.
+
+     =Truths=--truths, not truthz, is the plural of =truth=.
+
+     =Tryst=--tr[)i]st, not tr[=i]st. An appointment to meet.
+       =Tryster= (tr[)i]st'er), =trysting= (tr[)i]st'ing).
+
+     =Turbine=--tuer'b[)i]n, not tuer'-b[=i]ne. A kind of water wheel.
+
+
+     U.
+
+     =Umbrella=--um-br[)e]l'la, not um-ber-r[)e]l' nor
+       um-ber-r[)e]l'la.
+
+     =Upas=--[=u]'p[)a]s, not [=u]'paw nor [=u]'pawz.
+
+     =Usurp=--y[=u]-zurp', not y[=u]-surp'. =Usurper= (y[=u]-zurp'er),
+       etc.
+
+
+     V.
+
+     =Vagary=--va-g[=a]'ry, not v[=a]'-ga-ry.
+
+     =Valenciennes=--va-l[)e]n'si-[)e]nz', not v[)a]l-[)e]n-seenz'. A
+       French lace.
+
+     =Valleys=, not _vallies_, is the plural of =valley=.
+
+     =Vamos= (vae'm[=o]s), or =vamose= (va-m[=o]se'), not vam-moos'. To
+       depart. (Inelegant.)
+
+     =Vase=, according to Webster; v[=a]se or v[=a]ze, according to
+       Worcester. The pronunciations vaez and vawz are alluded to but
+       not recommended.
+
+     =Vehemence=--v[=e]'he-mence, not ve-h[=e]'mence nor
+       ve-h[)e]m'ence. =Vehemently= and =vehement= have also the
+       accent on the first syllable.
+
+     =Vermicelli=---ver-me-ch[)e]l-l[)i] or ver-me-s[)e]l'l[)i], not
+       ver-me-s[)i]l'ly. Worcester sanctions the first method only.
+
+     =Veterinary=--v[)e]t'er-[)i]n-a-ry, not ve-t[)e]r'in-a-ry.
+
+     =Vicar=--v[)i]k'ar, not v[=i]'kar. =Vicarage= and =vicarship=
+       have also the short i in the first syllable.
+
+     =Violent= (v[=i]'o-lent), =violence= (v[=i]'o-lence), =violet=
+       (v[=i]'o-let), =violin= (v[=i]-o-l[)i]n'), etc., not
+       voi'o-lent, voi'o-lence, voi'o-let, voi-o-lin', etc.
+
+     =Viscount=--v[=i]'kount, not v[)i]s'kount. =Viscountess=
+       (v[=i]'kountess), etc.
+
+     =Visor=--v[)i]z'or, not v[=i]'zor.
+
+
+     W.
+
+     =Wake=, etc. _Wake_ is both a transitive and an intransitive
+       verb. Present tense, _wake_; imperfect and past participle,
+       _waked_; present participle, _waking_. _Awake_ is also both
+       transitive and intransitive. Present, _awake_; imperfect,
+       _awoke_ or _awaked_; participles, _awaked_ and _awaking_.
+       _Awaken_ is another verb, both transitive and intransitive.
+       Present, _awaken_; imperfect and past participle, _awakened_;
+       present participle, _awakening_. Thus it is seen that we have a
+       great many words to express the fact of _being_ in a conscious
+       state, and the arousing of a person who is asleep. With a
+       little attention there is no reason for committing an error in
+       the use of these words. One may say that he _waked_, _awoke_,
+       or _awakened_ early in the morning, but it is wrong to say that
+       he _woke_ in the morning, or that he _woke_ another; for there
+       is no such word as _woke_. "I _wakened_ at five o'clock,"
+       should be, "I _awakened_ at five o'clock;" for there is no such
+       word as _wakened_. _Up_ is used only with _wake_, _waked_ and
+       _waking_, but even then it is one of our most senseless
+       superfluities. There is no stronger meaning in the assertion
+       that a man was _waked up_, than that he was _waked_ or
+       _awakened_. If _waking up_ meant to _wake_ and make _get up_,
+       it would be different, but it does not. One may be _waked up_
+       and it is just as likely that he will go to sleep again as if
+       he were simply _awakened_. _Awake_ and _awaken_ are more
+       elegant words than _wake_.
+
+     =Wassail=--w[)o]s's[)i]l, not w[)a]s's[)i]l. A festive occasion,
+       carousal, the song sung at such a time, etc. The verb and the
+       adjective are spelled and pronounced similarly.
+
+     =Water=--waw'ter, not w[)o]t'er.
+
+     =Welsh=, not _Welch_. The latter word is seldom used. =Welshman=,
+       etc.
+
+     =Whinny=, not _winny_, when the cry of a horse is spoken of.
+
+     =Whisk=, not _whist_, when a small hand-broom is meant. =Wisp=,
+       however, is a proper word, meaning the same thing.
+
+     =Whiting= is preferable to _whitening_.
+
+     =Widow.= It is not necessary to say _widow woman_; no one will
+       suspect her of being a man.
+
+     =Wrestle=--r[)e]s'l, not r[)a]s'sl.
+
+
+     Y.
+
+     =Yacht=--y[)o]t, not y[)a]t. =Yachting= (y[)o]t'ing), etc.
+
+     =Yeast=--y[=e]st, not [=e]st.
+
+     =Yellow=--y[)e]l'l[=o], not y[)a]l'l[=o].
+
+
+     Z.
+
+     =Zoology=--zo-[)o]l'o-jy, not z[=o][=o]-[)o]l'o-jy. =Zoological=
+       (zo-o-l[)o]j'i-cal), etc.
+
+
+
+
+SCRIPTURAL, MYTHOLOGICAL AND OTHER PROPER NAMES.
+
+
+In the vocabulary just completed, it has been the design to point out
+the majority of errors occurring in the pronunciation of the words
+usually selected by people of fair or excellent education to carry on
+ordinary English discourse. In the portion of the work now under
+consideration, nothing like such thoroughness is contemplated.
+
+After a moment's reflection, it will appear to any one, that to
+mention the thousands upon thousands of proper names, the erroneous
+pronunciation of which is rather to be expected than the correct,
+would require an elaborate volume. Every one who has striven to become
+a fine orthoepist has longed for the ability to comprehend the
+pronunciation of that myriad of names, any one of which is apt to
+confront him in any book or paper he may chance to pick up. But to
+become a proficient in this respect would require years of study and a
+knowledge of the principles of many foreign languages.
+
+Amongst geographical names, for example, who but the specially
+instructed would think of pronouncing correctly _Goes_ (H[)o][)o]ce),
+_Gelves_ (H[)e]l'v[)e]s) or _Jalapa_ (Hae-lae'pae); or amongst
+biographical names, _Gaj_ (g[=i]), _Geel_ (H[=a]l) or _Geijer_
+(g[=i]'er).
+
+It is fortunate for the reputation of those who bear the name of being
+good scholars, that errors in the pronunciation of most proper names
+are excusable, which is not the case with the mistakes that have
+before been laid down. But there are some proper names, of such
+constant occurrence in daily lectures, reading and conversation, that
+errors connected with them are not to be overlooked. It is the
+intention here, simply to call attention to the more common of these,
+and to lead the reader to appreciate the fact that if one depends upon
+the usual power of the English letters to gain a correct pronunciation
+of proper names, he will be more often led astray than otherwise.
+
+The Authorities consulted are the best--Webster, Worcester,
+Lippincott's Universal Pronouncing Dictionary of Biography and
+Mythology and Lippincott's Pronouncing Gazetteer of the World.
+
+
+
+
+SCRIPTURAL NAMES.
+
+
+     =Abednego=--a-b[)e]d'ne-g[=o], not [)a]b-[)e]d-n[=e]'go.
+
+     =Abiathar=--a-b[=i]'a-thar, not ab-i-[=a]'thar.
+
+     =Adonibezek=--a-d[)o]n-i-b[=e]'z[)e]k, not a-d[)o]n'i-be-zek.
+
+     =Adonijah=--ad-o-n[=i]'jah, not a-d[)o]n'i-jah.
+
+     =Agee=--[)a]g'e-[=e], not [=a]'j[=e].
+
+     =Ahasuerus=--a-h[)a]s-u-[=e]'rus, not a-haz-u-[)e]r'us.
+
+     =Aijalon=--[)a]j'a-lon, not [=a]'ja-lon.
+
+     =Akrabattine=--[)a]k-ra-b[)a]t-t[=i]'ne, not
+       [)a]k-ra-b[)a]t'i-ne.
+
+     =Alpheus=--[)a]l-ph[=e]'us, not [)a]l'phe-us.
+
+     =Amasai=--a-m[)a]s'a-[=i], not [)a]m-a-s[=a]'[=i].
+
+     =Andronicus=--an-dron-[=i]'cus, not an-dr[)o]n'i-cus.
+
+     =Antiochia=--an-ti-o-k[=i]'a, not an-ti-[=o]'kia.
+
+     =Ararat=--[)a]r'a-r[)a]t, not [=a]'ra-r[)a]t.
+
+     =Arimathea=--[)a]r'i-ma-th[=e]'a, not [)a]r-i-m[=a]'the-a.
+
+     =Aristobulus=--[)a]r-is-to-b[=u]'lus, not ar-is-t[)o]b'u-lus.
+
+     =Aroer=--[)a]r'o-er, not a-r[=o]'er.
+
+     =Aroerite=--[)a]r'o-er-[=i]te, not a-r[=o]'er-[)i]te.
+
+     =Asarael=--a-s[)a]r'a-el, not az-a-r[=a]'el.
+
+     =Asmodeus=--az-mo-d[=e]'us, not az-m[=o]'de-us.
+
+     =Beelzebub=--be-[)e]l'ze-bub, not b[)e]l'ze-bub.
+
+     =Belial=--b[=e]'li-al, not be-l[=i]'al.
+
+     =Bethhaccerem=--b[)e]th-h[)a]k'se-rem, not beth-h[)a]s'se-rem.
+
+     =Bethphage=--b[)e]th'pha-j[=e], not b[)e]th'ph[=a]je.
+
+     =Bethuel=--be-th[=u]'el, not b[)e]th'u-el.
+
+     =Cainan=--ka-[=i]'nan, not k[=a]'nan.
+
+     =Cherub= (a city)--k[=e]'rub, not ch[)e]r'ub.
+
+     =Chittim=--k[)i]t'tim, not ch[)i]t'tim.
+
+     =Chloe=--kl[=o]'e, not kl[=o].
+
+     =Crates=--kr[=a]'t[=e]z, not kr[=a]tz.
+
+     =Cyprians=--s[)i]p'ri-anz, not s[=i]'pri-anz.
+
+     =Delilah=--d[)e]l'i-lah, not de-l[=i]'lah.
+
+     =Ecbatana=--ek-b[)a]t'a-na, not ek-ba-t[=a]'na.
+
+     =Eloi=--e-l[=o]'[=i] not [=e]'loi.
+
+     =Esther=--[)e]s'ter, not [)e]s'ther.
+
+     =Eumenes=--[=u]'me-n[=e]z, not [=u]-m[=e]'n[=e]z.
+
+     =Gennesaret=--g[)e]n-n[)e]s'a-r[)e]t, not j[)e]n-n[)e]s'a-ret.
+
+     =Gerar=--ge[)e]'rar, not j[=e]'rar.
+
+     =Idumea=--[)i]d-u-m[=e]'a, not [=i]-du-m[=e]'a.
+
+     =Iturea=--[)i]t-u-r[=e]'a, not [=i]-tu-r[=e]'a.
+
+     =Jacubus=--ja-k[=u]'bus, not j[)a]k'u-bus.
+
+     =Jadau=--ja-d[=a]'u, not j[)a]d'a-u.
+
+     =Jairus= (Old Test.)--j[=a]'i-rus.
+
+     =Jairus= (New Test.)--j[=a]-[=i]'rus.
+
+     =Jearim=--j[=e]'a-r[)i]m, not je-[=a]'rim.
+
+     =Jeiel=--je-[=i]'el, not j[=e]'el nor j[=i]'el.
+
+     =Jephthae=--j[)e]ph'tha-[=e], not j[)e]ph'tha.
+
+     =Jeshohaiah=--j[)e]sh-o-ha-[=i]'ah, not j[)e]sh-o-h[=a]'yah.
+
+     =Keilah=--k[=e]'lah, not k[=i]'lah nor ke-[=i]'lah.
+
+     =Kolaiah=--k[)o]l-a-[=i]'ah, not k[)o]l-[=a]'yah.
+
+     =Labana=--l[)a]b'a-na, not la-b[=a]'na.
+
+     =Lebanah=--l[)e]b'a-nah, not le-b[=a]'nah.
+
+     =Magdalene=--m[)a]g-da-l[=e]'ne, not m[)a]g'da-l[=e]ne.
+
+     =Mahalath=--m[=a]'ha-lath, not ma-h[=a]'lath.
+
+     =Mardocheus=--mar-do-k[=e]'us, not mar-d[=o]'ke-us.
+
+     =Matthias=--m[)a]th-th[=i]'as, not m[)a]th'thi-as.
+
+     =Meremoth=--m[)e]r'e-moth, not me-r[=e]'moth.
+
+     =Meshach=--m[=e]'sh[)a]k, not m[)e]sh'ak.
+
+     =Methuselah=--me-th[=u]'se-lah, not m[)e]th-[=u]'ze-lah.
+
+     =Moosias=--mo-o-s[=i]'as, not m[=o]'si-as.
+
+     =Nebuchadnezzar=--n[)e]b'u-k[)a]d-nez'zar, not
+       ne-b[)u]k'kad-nez'zar.
+
+     =Orthosias=--or-tho-s[=i]'as, not or-th[=o]'si-as.
+
+     =Othonias=--[)o]th-o-n[=i]'as, not [)o]th-[=o]'ni-as.
+
+     =Oziel=--[=o]'zi-el, not [=o]-z[=i]'el.
+
+     =Penuel=--pe-n[=u]'el, not p[)e]n'[=u]-el.
+
+     =Perseus=--per's[=u]s, not per'se-us.
+
+     =Pethuel=--pe-th[=u]'el, not p[)e]th'u-el.
+
+     =Phanuel=--pha-n[=u]'el, not ph[)a]n'u-el.
+
+     =Pharaoh=--ph[=a]'r[=o] or ph[=a]'ra-[=o], not ph[)a]r'[=o] nor
+       ph[)a]r'a-[=o].
+
+     =Philippi=--ph[)i]-l[)i]p'pi, not ph[)i]l'lip-pi.
+
+     =Philistine=--ph[)i]-l[)i]s't[)i]n, not ph[)i]l'[)i]s-t[=i]ne.
+
+     =Pontius=--p[)o]n'sh[)i]-us, not p[)o]n'ti-us.
+
+     =Raguel=--ra-g[=u]'el, not r[)a]g'u-el.
+
+     =Sabachthani=--s[=a]-b[)a]k-th[=a]'n[=i], not
+       sa-b[)a]k'tha-n[=i].
+
+     =Sathrabuzanes=--s[)a]th-ra-bu-z[=a]'n[=e]z, not
+       s[)a]th-r[)a]b'u-z[=a]nz.
+
+     =Shabbethai=--sh[)a]b-b[)e]th'a-[=i], not
+       sh[)a]b-b[)e]th-[=a]'[=i]
+
+     =Shadrach=--sh[=a]'dr[)a]k, not sh[)a]d'r[)a]k.
+
+     =Shemiramoth=--she-m[)i]r'a-moth, not sh[)e]m-i-r[=a]'moth.
+
+     =Shemuel=--she-m[=u]'el, not sh[)e]m'[=u]-el.
+
+     =Sinai=--s[=i]'[=a], not s[=i]'n[=a]-[=i].
+
+     =Zaccheus=--zak-k[=e]'us, not z[)a]k'ke-us.
+
+     =Zerubbabel=--z[=e]-r[)u]b'ba-bel, not ze-rub-b[=a]'bel.
+
+     =Zipporah=--z[)i]p-p[=o]'rah, not z[)i]p'po-rah.
+
+
+
+
+GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES--MYTHOLOGICAL, ETC.
+
+
+     =Actaeon=--[)a]k-t[=e]'on, not [)a]k'te-on.
+
+     =Adonis=--a-d[=o]'nis, not a-d[)o]n'is.
+
+     =Alcides=--[)a]l-s[=i]'d[=e]z, not [)a]l'si-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Amphion=--[)a]m-ph[=i]'on, not [)a]m'phi-on.
+
+     =Amphitrite=--[)a]m-phi-tr[=i]'te, not [)a]m'phi-tr[=i]te nor
+       am-ph[)i]t'ri-te.
+
+     =Anabasis=--a-n[)a]b'a-sis, not an-a-b[=a]'sis.
+
+     =Antiope=--[)a]n-t[=i]'o-pe, not [)a]n'ti-[=o]pe nor
+       [)a]n-ti-[=o]'pe.
+
+     =Anubis=--a-n[=u]'bis, not [)a]n'u-bis.
+
+     =Arion=--a-r[=i]'on, not [=a]'ri-on.
+
+     =Aristides=--ar-is-t[=i]'d[=e]z, not ar-[)i]s'ti-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Aristogiton=--a-ris-to-j[=i]'ton, not ar-is-t[)o]j'i-ton.
+
+     =Belides= (singular, masculine)--b[)e]-l[=i]'d[=e]z.
+
+     =Belides= (plural, female descendants of
+       Belus)--b[)e]l'-i-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Bellerophon=--bel-l[)e]r'o-phon, not bel-ler-[=o]'phon.
+
+     =Caeculus=--s[)e]k'u-lus, not s[=e]'ku-lus.
+
+     =Calliope=--kal-l[=i]'o-pe, not kal-li-[=o]'pe nor
+       k[)a]l'li-[=o]pe.
+
+     =Caucasus=--kaw'ka-sus, not kaw-k[=a]'sus.
+
+     =Charon=--k[=a]'ron, not ch[=a]'ron nor ch[)a]r'on.
+
+     =Chaeronea=--ker-o-n[=e]'a, not cher-o-n[=e]'a.
+
+     =Chimera=--ke-m[=e]'ra, not k[)i]m'er-a nor ch[=i]-m[)e]r'a.
+
+     =Codrus=--k[=o]'drus, not k[)o]d'rus.
+
+     =Corcyra=--kor-s[=i]'ra, not kor'si-ra.
+
+     =Coriolanus=--ko-ri-o-l[=a]'nus, not kor-i-[)o]l'a-nus.
+
+     =Crete=--kr[=e]'te, not kreet.
+
+     =Cyclades=--s[)i]k'la-d[=e]z, not s[=i]'kla-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Cyclops=--s[=i]'klops, not s[)i]k'lops.
+
+     =Cyclopes=--s[=i]'klo-p[=e]z, not s[=i]'kl[=o]ps.
+
+     =Cyrene=--s[=i]-r[=e]'ne, not s[)i]-r[=e]ne'.
+
+     =Cyzicus=--s[)i]z'i-kus, not s[)i]-z[=i]'kus.
+
+     =Danaides=--da-n[=a]'[)i]-dez, not da-n[=i]'dez.
+
+     =Darius=--da-r[=i]'us, not d[=a]'ri-us.
+
+     =Deianira=--de-[=i]-an-[=i]'ra, not de-yan-[=i]'ra.
+
+     =Diodorus=--d[=i]-o-d[=o]'rus, not d[=i]-[)o]d'o-rus.
+
+     =Diomedes=--d[=i]-o-m[=e]'d[=e]z, not d[=i]-[)o]m'e-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Dodonaeus=--do-do-n[=e]'us, not do-d[=o]'ne-us.
+
+     =Echo=--[=e]'ko, not [)e]k'ko.
+
+     =Endymion=--en-d[)i]m'i-on, not en-d[=i]'mi-on.
+
+     =Epirus=--e-p[=i]'rus, not [)e]p'i-rus.
+
+     =Erato=--[)e]r'a-to, not e-r[=a]'to.
+
+     =Eumenes=--[=u]'me-n[=e]z, not [=u]-m[=e]'n[=e]z.
+
+     =Euripus=--[=u]-r[=i]'pus, not [=u]'ri-pus.
+
+     =Eurydice=--[=u]-r[)i]d'i-se, not [=u]'ri-d[=i]ce' nor
+       [=u]-ri-d[=i]'se.
+
+     =Ganymedes=--gan-[)i]-m[=e]'d[=e]z, not gan-[)i]-m[=e]dz'.
+
+     =Geryon=--j[=e]'r[)i]-on, not je-r[=i]'on.
+
+     =Halcyone=--h[)a]l-s[=i]'o-ne, not h[)a]l'si-[=o]ne nor
+       hal-si-[=o]'ne.
+
+     =Hebe=--h[=e]'be, not h[=e]b'.
+
+     =Hecate=--h[)e]k'a-te or h[)e]k'at, not h[=e]'k[=a]te.
+
+     =Hecuba=--h[)e]k'u-ba, not he-k[=u]'ba.
+
+     =Helena=--h[=e]l'en-a, not he-l[=e]'na.
+
+     =Hermione=---h[)e]r-m[=i]'o-ne, not h[)e]r'mi-[=o]ne nor
+       h[)e]r-mi-[=o]'ne.
+
+     =Herodotus=--he-r[)o]d'o-tus, not her-o-d[=o]'tus.
+
+     =Hiero=--h[=i]'er-o, not h[=i]-[=e]'ro.
+
+     =Hippocrene=--hip-po-kr[=e]'ne, not hip-p[)o]k're-ne.
+
+     =Hippodromus=--hip-p[)o]d'ro-mus, not hip-po-dr[=o]'mus.
+
+     =Icarus=--[)i]k'a-rus, not [=i]k-[=a]'-rus.
+
+     =Iolaus=--[=i]-o-l[=a]'us, not [=i]-[=o]'la-us.
+
+     =Iphiclus=--[)i]ph'i-klus, not [)i]ph-[=i]'klus.
+
+     =Iphigenia=--[)i]ph-i-je-n[=i]'a, not [)i]ph-i-j[=e]'ni-a.
+
+     =Irene=--[=i]-r[=e]'ne, not [=i]-r[=e]ne'.
+
+     =Ithome=--i-th[=o]'me, not [=i]th'o-me.
+
+     =Lachesis=--l[)a]k'e-sis, not la-k[)e]'sis.
+
+     =Laocoon=--la-[)o]k'o-on,not l[=a]-o-k[=o][=o]n'.
+
+     =Lethe=--l[=e]'the, not l[=e]th.
+
+     =Leucothoe=--l[=u]-k[)o]th'o-e, not l[=u]-k[=o]'tho-e nor
+       l[=u]-ko-th[=o]'e.
+
+     =Libitina=--l[)i]b-i-t[=i]'na, not li-b[)i]t'i-na.
+
+     =Lycaon=--l[=i]-k[=a]'on, not l[)i]k'a-on.
+
+     =Lyceus=--l[=i]-s[=e]'us, not l[)i]s'e-us.
+
+     =Meleager=--m[=e]-le-[=a]'ger, not me-le-[=a]'jer nor
+       me-l[=e]'a-jer.
+
+     =Meroe=--m[)e]r'o-e, not me-r[=o]'e.
+
+     =Mitylene=--m[)i]t-[)i]-l[=e]'ne, not m[)i]t'i-l[=e]ne.
+
+     =Myrmidones=--myr-m[)i]d'o-n[=e]z, not myr'm[)i]-d[=o]nz nor
+       myr-m[)i]-d[=o]'n[=e]z.
+
+     =Naiades=--n[=a]-[=i]'a-d[=e]z, not n[=a]'a-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Nemesis=--n[)e]m'e-sis, not ne-m[=e]'sis.
+
+     =Nereides=--ne-r[=e]'i-d[=e]z, not n[=e]r'yi-d[=e]z.
+
+     =Nereus=--n[=e]'r[=u]s, not ne-r[=e]'us.
+
+     =Nicaea=--ni-s[=e]'a, not n[)i]s'e-a.
+
+     =Nundina=--n[)u]n'di-na, not nun-d[=i]'na.
+
+     =Oceanus=--o-s[=e]'a-nus, not o-se-[=a]'nus.
+
+     =Ocypete=--o-s[)i]p'e-te, not o-si-p[=e]'te.
+
+     =[OE]dipus=--[)e]d'i-pus, not [=e]'di-pus nor e-d[=i]'pus.
+
+     =Opigena=--o-p[)i]j'e-na, not op-i-j[=e]'na.
+
+     =Orion=--o-r[=i]'on, not [=o]'ri-on.
+
+     =Pactolus=--pak-t[=o]'lus, not p[)a]k'to-lus.
+
+     =Palaemon=--pa-l[=e]'mon, not p[)a]l'e-mon.
+
+     =Parrhasius=--par-r[=a]'she-us, not par-r[)a]s'i-us.
+
+     =Pasiphae=--pa-s[)i]ph'a-e, not p[)a]s-i-ph[=a]'e.
+
+     =Pegasus=--p[)e]g'a-sus, not pe-g[=a]'sus.
+
+     =Penelope=--pe-n[)e]l'o-pe, not p[)e]n'e-l[=o]pe.
+
+     =Phlegethon=--phl[)e]j'e-thon, not phl[)e]g'e-thon.
+
+     =Pleiades=--pl[=e]'ya-d[)e]z not pl[=e]'y[)a]dz.
+
+     =Polyphemus=--pol-y-ph[=e]'mus, not po-l[)i]ph'e-mus.
+
+     =Priapus=--pr[=i]-[=a]'pus, not pr[=i]'a-pus.
+
+     =Proserpine=--pr[)o]s'er-p[=i]ne, not pro-s[)e]r'pi-ne.
+
+     =Rhode=--r[=o]'de, not r[=o]de.
+
+     =Sarapis=--sa-r[=a]'pis, not s[)a]r'a-pis.
+
+     =Sardanapalus=--sar-da-na-p[=a]'lus, not sar-dan-[)a]p'a-lus.
+
+     =Semiramis=--se-m[)i]r'a-mis, not s[)e]m-i-r[=a]'mis.
+
+     =Tereus=--t[=e]'re-us, not te-r[=e]'us.
+
+     =Terpsichore=--terp-s[=i]k'o-re, not t[)e]rp'si-k[=o]re.
+
+     =Thebae=--th[=e]'be, not th[=e]be.
+
+     =Theodamas=--the-[)o]d'a-mas, not the-o-d[=a]'mas.
+
+     =Theodamus=--the-o-d[=a]'mus, not the-[)o]d'a-mus.
+
+     =Theodotus=--the-[)o]d'o-tus, not the-o-d[=o]'tus.
+
+     =Theodorus=--the-o-d[=o]'rus, not the-[)o]d'o-rus.
+
+     =Thessalonica=--thes-sa-lo-n[=i]'ka, not thes-sa-l[)o]n'i-ka.
+
+     =Thrace=--thr[=a]'se, not thr[=a]se.
+
+
+
+
+MODERN BIOGRAPHICAL NAMES.
+
+
+     =Adam.= As an English name is pronounced [)a]d'am; as French,
+       ae-dong', as German, ae'daem.
+
+     =Annesley=--[)a]nz'le, not [)a]n'nes-le.
+
+     =Arundel=--[)a]r'[)u]n-d[)e]l, not a-r[)u]n'd[)e]l.
+
+     =Bacciochi=--baet-ch[=o]'kee, not b[)a]k-ki-[=o]'kee.
+
+     =Beatrice=--b[=a]-ae-tree'ch[=a] or b[=e]'a-treess, not
+       be-[)a]t'r[)i]s.
+
+     =Beethoven=--b[=a]'t[=o]-ven, not beet'h[=o]-ven.
+
+     =Belvedere=--b[)e]l-v[=a]-d[=a]'r[=a], not b[)e]l-ve-d[=e]re'.
+
+     =Beranger= (Fr. Beranger)--b[=a]-r[)o]ng-zh[=a]', not
+       b[)e]r'an-jer.
+
+     =Blucher=--bl[=o][=o]'ker, not bl[=u]'cher.
+
+     =Boccaccio=--bo-kaet'cho, not b[)o]k-k[)a]s'i-o.
+
+     =Boleyn=--b[)o][)o]l'[)i]n, not b[=o]'l[)i]n nor b[=o]-l[)i]n'.
+
+     =Boniface=--b[)o]n'e-fass or Fr. bo-ne-faess', not b[)o]n'e-face.
+
+     =Boucicault= or =Bourcicault=--b[=o][=o]-se-k[=o]' or
+       b[=o][=o]r-se-k[=o]', not b[=o][=o]'se-kawlt.
+
+     =Bozzaris=--b[)o]t'zae-r[)i]s, not boz-z[)a]r'is, as generally
+       called.
+
+     =Brown-Sequard= (Fr. Sequard)--brown-s[=a]-kaerr', not see-kward'.
+
+     =Buchanan=--b[)u]k-[)a]n'an, not b[=u]-k[)a]n'an.
+
+     =Bull, Ole=--[=o]'l[)e]h b[)o][)o]l, not [=o]l' b[)o][)o]l.
+
+     =Buonaparte=--b[=o][=o]-o-nae-paerr't[=a], not b[=o]'na-paert; the
+       latter is the allowed English pronunciation when spelled
+       =Bonaparte=.
+
+     =Bysshe=--b[)i]sh, not b[)i]sh'she.
+
+     =Cecil=--s[)e]s'[)i]l or s[)i]s'[)i]l, not s[=e]'s[)i]l.
+
+     =Cenci=--ch[)e]n'chee, not s[)e]n'see.
+
+     =Chevalier=--sheh-vae-le-[=a]', not shev-a-leer'.
+
+     =Crichton=--kr[=i]'ton, not kr[)i]k'ton.
+
+     =D'Aubigne= (Fr. D'Aubigne)--d[=o]-b[=e]n-y[=a]', not daw-been'.
+
+     =Daubigny=--d[=o]-b[=e]n-y[=e]', not daw-b[=e]'ny.
+
+     =Disraeli=--d[)i]z-r[=a]'el-e, not d[)i]z'rel-ee.
+
+     =Drouyn de Lhuys=--dr[=o][=o]-[)a]ng' deh lwee'.
+
+     =Gillot=--zh[=e]-y[=o]', not j[)i]l'lot nor j[)i]l-l[=o]'.
+
+     =Giovanni=--jo-vaen'nee, not je-o-v[)a]n'nee.
+
+     =Goethe=--pronounced much like guer'teh, leaving out the r; not
+       g[)o]th nor g[=o]th.
+
+     =Hemans=--h[)e]m'anz, not h[=e]'manz.
+
+     =Ingelow=--[)i]n'je-l[=o], not [)i]ng'e-l[=o].
+
+     =Ivan=--e-vaen', not [=i]'van.
+
+     =Juarez=--j[=o][=o]-ae'r[)e]z or H[=o][=o]-ae'r[)e]th, not
+       jaw'r[)e]z.
+
+     =Lancelot=--l[)o]ngss-l[=o]', not l[)a]n'se-l[)o]t.
+
+     =Lavater=--lae'vae-ter or lae-vae-tair', not l[)a]v'a-ter.
+
+     =Macleod=--m[)a]k-lowd', not mak-l[=e]'od.
+
+     =Marat=--mae-rae', not ma-r[)a]t'.
+
+     =Marion=--m[)a]r'i-on, not m[=a]'ri-on.
+
+     =Medici=--m[)e]d'e-chee or m[=a]'de-chee, not m[)e]d'i-see nor
+       me-d[=e]'see.
+
+     =Minie= (Fr. Minie)--me-ne-[=a]', not m[)i]n'ne.
+
+     =Montague=--m[)o]n'ta-g[=u], not m[)o]n't[=a]g.
+
+     =Moultrie=--m[=o][=o]'tre, not m[=o]l'tre.
+
+     =Muhlbach=--(Ger. Muehlbach). The u in the first syllable of this
+       word is very difficult for those to pronounce who are not
+       German or French, and can not be well represented in English;
+       but there is no need of coming so far from the mark as is
+       generally done, especially in the last syllable. It is not
+       m[=u]l'b[)a]k nor m[=e]l'b[)a]k; meul'baek is nearer correct.
+
+     =Mundt=--m[)o][)o]nt, not m[)u]nt.
+
+     =Neumann=--noi'maen, not n[=u]'man.
+
+     =Ovid=--[)o]v'[)i]d, not [=o]'vid [Ovidius].
+
+     =Paganini=--pae-gae-nee'nee, not p[)a]j-a-n[)i]n'[)i].
+
+     =Pepin=--p[)e]p'[)i]n or p[)i]p'[)i]n, not p[=e]'p[)i]n. French
+       pronunciation peh-p[)a]ng'.
+
+     =Piccolomini=--p[=e]k-ko-l[)o]m'e-nee, not p[)i]k-ko-lo-mee'nee.
+
+     =Pliny=--pl[)i]n'y, not pl[=i]'ny [Plinius].
+
+     =Ponce de Leon=--p[=o]n'ch[=a] d[=a] l[=a]-[=o]n', not ponss de
+       l[=e]'on.
+
+     =Rachel=--rae-sh[)e]l', not r[=a]'chel as the English name. When a
+       German name it is pronounced raek'el.
+
+     =Richelieu=--r[=e]sh'e-l[=o][=o], not r[)i]ch'e-l[=o][=o].
+
+     =Rochefort=--rosh-for', not roch'fort.
+
+     =Rothschild=--ros'ch[=i]ld or r[=o]t'sh[)i]lt, not
+       r[)o]th'ch[=i]ld.
+
+     =Stael=--stael, stawl or stae-[)e]l', not st[=a]le.
+
+     =Strauss=--strowss, not strawss.
+
+     =Taliaferro=--t[)o]l'i-v[)e]r, not t[)a]l-i-f[)e]r'ro.
+
+     =Thiers=--te-air', not theers.
+
+
+
+
+MODERN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES.
+
+
+     =Abomey=--[)a]b-o-m[=a]', not a-b[)o]m'ey nor a-b[=o]'mey.
+
+     =Acapulco=--ae-kae-p[=o][=o]l'ko, not [)a]k-a-p[)u]l'ko.
+
+     =Adriatic=--[)a]d-ri-[)a]t'[)i]k, not [=a]-dr[)i]-[)a]t'[)i]k.
+
+     =Afghanistan=--aef-gaen-is-taen', not [)a]f-g[)a]n-[)i]s't[)a]n.
+
+     =Agulhas=--ae-g[=o][=o]l'yaes, not a-g[)u]l'h[)a]s.
+
+     =Aix-la-Chapelle=--[=a]kz-lae-shae-p[)e]l', not
+       [=a]-lae-sh[)a]-p[)e]l'.
+
+     =Alsace=--ael-saess', not [)a]l's[=a]s.
+
+     =Altai=--ael-t[=i]', not ael't[=a] nor ael't[=i].
+
+     =Amherst=--[)a]m'erst, not [)a]m'herst.
+
+     =Amoor=--ae-m[=o][=o]r', not [)a]m'[=o][=o]r nor [=a]'m[=o]re.
+
+     =Antilles=--[)o]ng-teel', not [)a]n'-teelz.
+
+     =Araguay=--ae-rae-gw[=i]', not [)a]r'a-gw[=a].
+
+     =Aral=--[)a]r'al, not [=a]'ral.
+
+     =Arkansas=--aer-k[)a]n'sas, not aer'kan-saw nor aer-k[)a]n-zaz.
+
+     =Asia=--[=a]'she-a, not [=a]'zhe-a.
+
+     =Bantam= (Java)--baen-taem', not b[)a]n'tam.
+
+     =Barbados= or =Barbadoes=--bar-b[=a]'d[=o]z, not baer'ba-d[=o]z.
+       =Barbados=, a river of Brazil, is pronounced bar-bae'doce.
+
+     =Bayou=--b[=i]'[=o][=o] or b[=i]'[=o], not b[=a]'[=u].
+
+     =Belfast=--b[)e]l-f[)a]st', not b[)e]l'f[)a]st.
+
+     =Beloochistan=--b[)e]l-oo-ch[)i]s-taen', not
+       b[)e]l-oo-ch[)i]s'tan.
+
+     =Bingen=--b[)i]ng'en, not b[)i]n'jen.
+
+     =Bombay=--b[)o]m-b[=a]', not b[)o]m'b[=a].
+
+     =Bremen= (Germany)--br[)e]m'en or br[=a]'men, not br[=e]'men.
+       =Bremen= (U. S.)--br[=e]'men.
+
+     =Buena Vista=--bw[=a]'nae vees'tae or b[=o]'na v[)i]s'ta, not
+       b[=u]'na v[)i]s'ta.
+
+     =Buenos Ayres=--b[=o]'nos [=a]'riz or b[=o]'nos airz, not
+       b[=u]'nos [=a]rz; Spanish pronunciation, bw[=a]'noce
+       [=i]'r[)e]s.
+
+     =Cairo= (Italy and Egypt)--k[=i]'ro, not k[=a]'ro. =Cairo= (U.
+       S.)--k[=a]'ro.
+
+     =Calais=--k[)a]l'[)i]s or kae-l[=a]', not ka-l[=a]s'.
+
+     =Canton= (China)--kan-t[)o]n', not k[)a]n'ton. =Canton= (U.
+       S.)--k[)a]n'ton.
+
+     =Cape Girardeau=--jee-raer-d[=o]', not jee-raer'd[=o].
+
+     =Caribbean= or =Carribbean=--k[)a]r-[)i]b-b[=e]'an, not
+       ka-r[)i]b'be-an.
+
+     =Cashmere=--kaesh-meer', not k[)a]sh'mere.
+
+     =Cayenne=--k[=i]-[)e]n' or k[=a]-y[)e]n', not k[=a]-[)e]n'.
+
+     =Cheyenne=--she-[)e]n', not sh[=i]-[)e]n' nor ch[=a]-[)e]n'.
+
+     =Chili=--ch[)i]l'lee, not sh[=e]'lee.
+
+     =Christiania=--kr[)i]s-te-ae'ne-ae, not kr[)i]s-te-[=a]'ne-a nor
+       kr[)i]s-te-[)a]n'a.
+
+     =Chuquisaca=--ch[=o][=o]-ke-sae'kae, not ch[=o][=o]-kw[)i]s'a-kae.
+
+     =Cincinnati=--sin-sin-nah't[)i], not sin-sin-n[)a]t'ta.
+
+     =Cochin China=--k[=o]'chin ch[=i]'na, not k[)o]ch'in ch[=i]'na.
+
+     =Delhi= (India)--d[)e]l'lee, not d[)e]l'h[=i]. =Delhi= (U.
+       S.)--d[)e]l'h[=i].
+
+     =Dubuque=--d[=u]-b[=o][=o]k', not d[=u]-b[=u]k'.
+
+     =Fezzan=--f[)e]z-zaen', not f[)e]z'zan nor f[)e]z-z[)a]n'.
+
+     =Freiburg=--fr[=i]'b[)o][)o]rg, not fr[=e]'burg.
+
+     =Genoa=--j[)e]n'o-a, not je-n[=o]'a.
+
+     =Gloucester=--glos'ter, not as spelled. =Gloucestershire=
+       (glos'ter-shir).
+
+     =Greenwich= (England)--gr[)i]n'[)i]dge, not as spelled.
+       =Greenwich= (U. S.)--green'[)i]ch.
+
+     =Havre de Grace=--h[)a]v'er de grass, not h[=a]'ver de gr[=a]s'.
+       French pronunciation, hae'v'r deh graess or ae'v'r deh graess'.
+
+     =Iowa=--[=i]'o-wa, not [=i]-[=o]'wa nor [=i]'o-w[=a].
+
+     =Java= (Island)--jae'va, not j[)a]v'a nor j[=a]'va. =Java= (U.
+       S.)--j[=a]'va.
+
+     =Jeddo= (Japan)--y[)e]d'do, not j[)e]d'do. =Jeddo= (U.
+       S.)--j[)e]d'do.
+
+     =Juniata=--j[=o][=o]-ne-ah'ta, not j[=o][=o]-ne-[)e]t'a.
+
+     =Kankakee=--kan-kaw'kee, not kang-ka-kee'.
+
+     =Ladoga=--lae'do-gae, not la-d[=o]'ga.
+
+     =Lausanne= (Switzerland)--l[=o]-zaen', not law-san'. =Lausanne=
+       (Pennsylvania)--law-s[)a]n'.
+
+     =Leicester=--l[)e]s'ter, not as spelled. =Leicestershire=
+       (l[)e]s'ter-shir).
+
+     =Leipsic= (Saxony)--l[=i]p's[)i]k, not leep's[)i]k. =Leipsic= (U.
+       S.)--leep's[)i]k.
+
+     =Madrid= (Spain)--mae-dr[)i]d', not m[)a]d'r[)i]d; Spanish
+       pronunciation, mae-DreeD'--almost maTH-reeTH'. =Madrid= (U.
+       S.)--m[)a]d'rid.
+
+     =Mauch Chunk=--mawk ch[)u]nk', not mawch shunk'.
+
+     =Milan=--m[)i]l'an, not m[=i]'lan.
+
+     =Modena= (Italy)--m[)o]d'en-a, not mo-d[=e]'na. =Modena= (U.
+       S.)--mo-d[=e]'na.
+
+     =Nantes=--n[)a]ntz, not n[)a]n'tez; French pronunciation,
+       n[)o]ngt.
+
+     =Neufchatel=--nush-ae-t[)e]l', not n[=o][=o]f'ch[)a]t-el.
+
+     =Newfoundland=--n[=u]'fond-land', not nu-found'land.
+
+     =Norwich= (England)--n[)o]r'r[)i]j, not n[)o]r'wich. =Norwich=
+       (U. S.)--n[)o]r'wich or n[)o]r'rich.
+
+     =Otaheite=--[=o]-tae-hee'te, not [=o]-ta-heet'.
+
+     =Panama=--paen-a-mae', not p[)a]n'a-maw.
+
+     =Persia=--per'she-a, not per'zhe-a.
+
+     =Pesth=--p[)e]st, not pesth; Hungarian pronunciation, p[)e]sht.
+
+     =Piqua=--p[)i]k'wa, not p[)i]k'w[=a].
+
+     =Pompeii=--p[)o]m-p[=a]'yee, not p[)o]m'pe-[=i].
+
+     =Popocatapetl=--po-po-kae-t[=a]-p[)e]tl', not
+       po-po-k[)a]t-a-p[=e]'tel.
+
+     =Poughkeepsie=--po-k[)i]p'see, not po-keep'see.
+
+     =Quebec=--kwe-b[)e]k', not kw[=e]'bek.
+
+     =Queretaro=--k[=a]-r[=a]-tae'ro, not kwer-e-t[=a]'ro.
+
+     =Sahara=--sae-hae'rae or sae'ha-rae, not s[=a]-h[=a]'ra nor
+       sa-h[)a]r'a.
+
+     =San Diego=--saen-de-[=a]'go, not s[)a]n-d[=i]-[=e]'go.
+
+     =Sangamon=--s[)a]ng'ga-mon, not s[)a]ng-g[)a]m'on.
+
+     =San Joaquin=--saen-Ho-ae-keen', not s[)a]n'j[=o]'a-kw[)i]n.
+
+     =Shang-Hai=--shang-h[=i]', not sh[)a]ng'-h[=a] nor
+       sh[)a]ng'-h[=i].
+
+     =Siam=--s[=i]-am' or se-am', not s[=i]'am.
+
+     =Sumatra=--s[=o][=o]-mae'tra, not s[=o][=o]-m[=a]'tra nor
+       s[=o][=o]-m[)a]t'ra.
+
+     =Swabia=--sw[=a]'bi-a, not swaw'be-a.
+
+     =Taliaferro=--t[)o]l'e-ver, not t[)a]l-[)i]-a-f[)e]r'ro.
+
+     =Toulouse=--t[=o][=o]-l[=o][=o]z', not t[=o][=o]-l[=o][=o]ss'.
+
+     =Truxillo=--tr[=o][=o]-Heel'yo, not tr[)u]x-[)i]l'lo.
+
+     =Tyrol=--t[)i]r'ol or te-r[)o]l', not t[=i]'rol.
+
+     =Ulster= (Germany)--[)o][)o]l'ster, not [)u]l'ster. =Ulster=
+       (Ireland and U. S.)--[)u]l'ster.
+
+     =Valenciennes=--vae-long-se-[)e]nn', not va-l[)e]n-se-[)e]nz'.
+
+     =Valparaiso= (Chili)--vael-pae-r[=i]'so, not v[)a]l-pa-r[=a]'zo.
+       =Valparaiso= (U. S.)--v[)a]l-pa-r[=a]'zo.
+
+     =Venezuela=--ven-ez-wee'la or v[=a]-n[)e]th-w[=a]'lae, not
+       ven-ez-[=o][=o]-[=e]'la.
+
+     =Vevay=--ve-v[=a]', not v[=e]'v[=a].
+
+     =Vosges=--v[=o]zh, not v[)o]s'jez.
+
+     =Worcester=--w[)o][)o]s'ter, not as spelled. =Worcestershire=
+       (w[)o][)o]s'ter-shir).
+
+     =Wyandot= or =Wyandotte=--w[=i]-an-dott', not w[=i]'an-d[)o]t.
+
+     =Wyoming=--w[=i]-[=o]'ming, not w[=i]'o-ming.
+
+     =Yang-tse-kiang=--yaeng-tse-ke-aeng', not yang'ste-k[=i]'[)a]ng.
+
+     =Yo Semite=--y[=o]-sem'e-te, not y[=o]'se-m[=i]te.
+
+     =Zanzibar=--zaen-ze-baer', not z[)a]n'ze-baer.
+
+
+
+
+ENGLISH CHRISTIAN NAMES.
+
+
+     =Ada=--[=a]'da, not [)a]d'a.
+
+     =Agnes=--[)a]g'n[=e]z, not [)a]g'ness.
+
+     =Alphonso=--al-phon'so, not al-ph[)o]n'zo.
+
+     =Artemas=--aer'te-mas, not aer-t[=e]'mas.
+
+     =Augustine=--aw-g[)u]s't[)i]n, not aw'g[)u]s-teen.
+
+     =Basil=--b[)a]z'il, not b[=a]'sil nor b[)a]s'il.
+
+     =Bernard=--ber'nard, not ber-nard'.
+       =Bernard= (French)--be<sc>R</sc>-na<sc>R</sc>'.
+
+     =Cecily=--s[)e]s'i-ly, not s[=e]'si-ly.
+
+     =Chloe=--kl[=o]'e, not kl[=o].
+
+     =Darius=--da-r[=i]'us, not d[=a]'ri-us.
+
+     =Deborah=--d[)e]b'o-rah, not de-b[=o]'rah.
+
+     =Eben=--[)e]b'en, not [=e]'ben.
+
+     =Eleanor=--[)e]l'e-a-nor, not [)e]l'en-or.
+
+     =Esther=--[)e]s'ter, not [)e]s'ther.
+
+     =Eva=--[=e]'va, not [)e]v'a.
+
+     =Frances=--fr[)a]n'sez, not fr[)a]n'sess nor fr[)a]n's[)i]s.
+
+     =Giles=--j[=i]lz, not g[=i]lz.
+
+     =Hosea=--ho-z[=e]'a, not h[=o]'se-a.
+
+     =Ivan=--[)i]v'an, not [=i]'van. =Ivan= (Russian)--e-vaen'.
+
+     =Irene=--[=i]-r[=e]'ne, not [=i]-reen'.
+
+     =Jacqueline=--j[)a]q'ue-l[)i]n, not j[)a]k'a-l[=i]ne.
+
+     =Joan=--j[=o]-[)a]n', not j[=o]'an.
+
+     =Joshua=--j[)o]sh'u-a, not j[)o]sh'a-w[=a].
+
+     =Leopold=--l[=e]'o-p[=o]ld, not l[)e]p'[=o]ld. =Leopold=
+       (German)--l[=a]-o-p[=o]lt.
+
+     =Lionel=--li'o-nel, not l[=i]-[=o]'nel.
+
+     =Louisa=--l[=o][=o]-[=e]'za, not l[=o][=o]-[=i]'za.
+
+     =Marion=--m[)a]r'i-on, not m[=a]'ri-on.
+
+     =Penelope=--pe-n[)e]l'o-pe, not p[)e]n'el-[=o]pe.
+
+     =Phebe=--ph[=e]'be, not pheeb.
+
+     =Philander=--ph[=i]-l[)a]n'der, not ph[)i]l-[)a]n'der.
+
+     =Philemon=--ph[=i]-l[=e]'mon, not ph[)i]l'e-mon.
+
+     =Reginald=--r[)e]j'i-nald, not r[)e]g'i-nald.
+
+     =Rosalie=--r[)o]z'a-l[=e], not r[=o]'za-l[=e].
+
+     =Rosalind=--r[)o]z'a-lind, not r[=o]'za-lind.
+
+     =Rosamond=--r[)o]z'a-mond, not r[=o]'za-mond.
+
+     =Rowland=--r[=o]'land, not row'land.
+
+     =Sigismund=--s[)i]j'is-mund, not s[)i]g'is-mund. =Sigismund=
+       (German)--see<sc>G</sc>'is-m[)o][)o]nt.
+
+     =Silvester=--s[)i]l-v[)e]s'ter, not s[)i]l'v[)e]s-ter.
+
+     =Sophia=--so-ph[=i]'a, not s[=o]'phi-a.
+
+     =Ursula=---uer'su-la, not uer-s[=u]'la.
+
+     =Viola=---v[=i]'o-la, not v[=i]-[=o]'la.
+
+
+
+
+NAMES OF ROMANCE, SOBRIQUETS, ETC.
+
+     =Achitophel=--a-k[)i]t'o-phel, not a-ch[)i]t'o-phel. A nickname
+       given to the Earl of Shaftesbury and used by Dryden in his
+       satirical poem of "Absalom and Achitophel."
+
+     =Adonais=--[)a]d-o-n[=a]'is, not a-d[=o]'ni-as nor a-d[)o]n'i-as. A
+       name given to the poet Keats by Shelley.
+
+     =Adriana=--[)a]d-ri-[)a]n'a, not [=a]-dri-[=a]'na nor
+       [=a]-dri-[)a]n'a. A character in the "Comedy of Errors."
+
+     =AEgeon=--[=e]-j[=e]'on, not [=e]'je-on. A Syracusan merchant in the
+       "Comedy of Errors."
+
+     =AEmilia=--[=e]-m[)i]l'i-a, not [=e]-m[=e]'li-a. Wife of AEgeon in
+       the "Comedy of Errors."
+
+     =Agramante=--ae-grae-maen't[=a], not [)a]g'ra-m[)a]nt unless written
+       =Agramant=. King of the Moors in "Orlando Furioso."
+
+     =Agricane=--ae-gre-kae'n[=a], not [)a]g'ri-k[=a]ne. Written also
+       =Agrican= ([)a]g'ri-k[)a]n). King of Tartary in "Orlando
+       Innamorato."
+
+     =Al Borak=--ael b[)o]r'ak, not [)a]l b[=o]'rak. An imaginary animal
+       of wonderful appearance and fleetness, with which it was claimed
+       that Mohammed made a journey to the seventh heaven.
+
+     =Alcina=--ael-ch[=e]'na, not [)a]l-s[=e]'na. A fairy in "Orlando
+       Innamorato."
+
+     =Alciphron=--[)a]l'si-phron, not [)a]l-s[)i]ph'ron. The name of a
+       work by Bishop Berkeley and of a character in the same.
+       =Alciphron= is also the name of a poem by Thomas Moore and the
+       hero of his romance, "The Epicurean."
+
+     =Almanzor=--al-m[)a]n'zor, not [)a]l'man-zor. A character in
+       Dryden's "Conquest of Granada."
+
+     =Al Rakim=--aer rae-keem', not [)a]l r[=a]'kim. The dog in the legend
+       of the "Seven Sleepers of Ephesus."
+
+     =Al Sirat=--aes se-raet', not [)a]l' si-r[)a]t. An imaginary bridge
+       between this world and the Mohammedan paradise.
+
+     =Angelica=--an-j[)e]l'i-ka, not an-jel-e'ka. A princess of great
+       beauty in "Orlando Innamorato."
+
+     =Angelo=--[)a]n'je-lo, not an-j[)e]l'o. A prominent character in
+       "Measure for Measure." A goldsmith in the "Comedy of Errors."
+
+     =Archimago=--aer-ki-m[=a]'go, not aer-chi-m[=a]'go nor
+       aer-ch[)i]m'a-go. A character in Spenser's "Faery Queen."
+
+     =Argalia=--a<sc>R</sc>-gae-lee'ae, not aer-g[=a]'li-a. Brother of
+       Angelica in "Orlando Innamorato."
+
+     =Argantes=--a<sc>R</sc>-gaen'tess, not aer-g[)a]n't[=e]z. An infidel
+       hero in "Jerusalem Delivered."
+
+     =Asmodeus=--[)a]s-mo-d[=e]'us, not [)a]z-m[=o]'de-us. An evil
+       spirit.
+
+     =Baba, Ali=--ae'lee bae'bae, not [)a]l'i b[=a]'ba. A character in the
+       "Forty Thieves."
+
+     =Baba, Cassim=--kaes'sim bae'bae, not k[)a]s'sim b[=a]'ba. Brother of
+       Ali Baba.
+
+     =Bajardo=--bae-e-a<sc>R</sc>'do, not ba-jaer'do. Rinaldo's steed in
+       "Orlando Innamorato."
+
+     =Balwhidder=--b[)a]l'hw[)i]th-er, not bawl'wh[)i]d-der. A pastor in
+       Galt's "Annals of the Parish."
+
+     =Banquo=--b[)a]nk'wo, not b[)a]ng'ko. A Scottish warrior and a
+       character in "Macbeth."
+
+     =Bassanio=--bas-sae'ni-o, not bas-s[=a]'ni-o. Husband of Portia in
+       "Merchant of Venice."
+
+     =Biron=--b[)i]r'on, not b[=i]'ron. A character in "Love's Labor's
+       Lost."
+
+     =Boyet=--boy-[)e]t', not b[=o]'yet. A character in "Love's Labor's
+       Lost."
+
+     =Bradamante=--brae-dae-maen't[=a], not br[)a]d'a-m[)a]nt. Sister to
+       Rinaldo, in "Orlando Innamorato."
+
+     =Brunehilde=--br[=o][=o]'n[=a]-h[)i]l'd[=a], not
+       br[)u]n-h[)i]l'dah. Written also =Brunehild=
+       (br[=o][=o]'neh-h[)i]lt).
+
+     =Carrasco, Sanson=--saen-s[=o]n' kae<sc>R</sc>-<sc>R</sc>aes'ko, not
+       s[)a]n'son k[)a]r-r[)a]s'ko. A character in "Don Quixote."
+
+     =Cedric=--s[)e]d'rik, not s[=e]'drik. A character in "Ivanhoe."
+
+     =Clarchen=--kl[)e]<sc>R</sc>'ken, not klaer'chen. A female character
+       in Goethe's "Egmont."
+
+     =Clavileno Aligero=--klae-ve-l[=a]n'yo ae-le-<sc>R</sc>[=a]'ro, not
+       kl[)a]v-i-l[=e]'no [)a]l-i-j[=e]'ro. A celebrated steed in "Don
+       Quixote."
+
+     =Consuelo=--k[=o]ng-su-[=a]-l[=o]', not k[)o]n-su-[)e]l'o. The
+       heroine of a novel of the same name by Georges Sand.
+
+     =Don Adriano Armado=--[)a]d-re-ae'no aer-mae'do, not [=a]-dri-[=a]'no
+       aer-m[=a]'do. A character in "Love's Labor's Lost."
+
+     =Don Cleofas=--kl[=e]'o-fas, not kle-[=o]'fas. Hero of "The Devil
+       on Two Sticks."
+
+     =Don Juan=--j[=u]'an, not j[=u]-[)a]n'.
+
+     =Dulcamara=--d[)o][)o]l-kae-mae'rae, not d[)u]l-sa-m[=a]'ra nor
+       d[)u]l-ka-m[=a]'ra. The itinerant physician in "L'Elisire
+       d'Amore."
+
+     =Egeus=--[=e]-j[=e]'us, not [=e]'je-us. The Father of Hermia in
+       "Midsummer Night's Dream."
+
+     =Eyre, Jane=--er, not [=i]re.
+
+     =Fata Morgana=--fae'tae mo<sc>R</sc>-gae'nae, not
+       f[=a]'ta mor-g[)a]n'a.
+
+     =Fatima=--f[)a]t'i-ma, not fa-t[=e]'-ma. A female character in the
+       story of Aladdin, or the Wonderful Lamp; also, one of the wives
+       of Blue Beard.
+
+     =Fidele=--f[=i]-d[=e]'le, not f[=i]-d[=e]le'. A name assumed by
+       Imogen, in "Cymbeline."
+
+     =Fra Diavolo=--frae de-ae'vo-lo, not frae de-ae-v[=o]'lo.
+
+     =Genevra=--je-n[)e]v'ra, not je-n[=e]'vra. =Ginevra= is pronounced
+       the same as the above.
+
+     =Gil Blas=--zh[=e]l blaess, not j[)i]l blae nor jeel blaez.
+
+     =Gotham=--g[=o]'tham, not g[)o]th'am. A name applied to New York
+       City.
+
+     =Haidee=--h[=i]'dee, not h[=a]'dee. One of the heroines in "Don
+       Juan."
+
+     =Iachimo=--y[)a]k'i-mo, not [=i]-[)a]k'i-mo. A prominent character
+       in "Cymbeline."
+
+     =Iago=--e-ae'go, not [=i]-[=a]'go. One of the principal characters
+       in "Othello."
+
+     =Jacques=--zhaek, not j[)a]k'kw[)e]s. A character in "As You Like
+       It."
+
+     =Klaus, Peter=--klowss, not klawz. The hero of a German tradition
+       similar to that of "Rip Van Winkle."
+
+     =Lalla Rookh=--lae'la r[=o][=o]k, not l[)a]l'la r[)o][)o]k. The
+       heroine of Moore's poem of the same name.
+
+     =Laodamia=--la-[)o]d-a-m[=i]'a, not la-o-d[=a]'mi-a. The wife of
+       Protesilaus slain by Hector, and the name of a poem by
+       Wordsworth.
+
+     =Lara=--lae'ra, not l[=a]'ra nor l[)a]r'a. The hero and name of
+       Byron's poem.
+
+     =Le Fevre=--leh f[)e]v'r, not le f[=e]'ver. A poor lieutenant in
+       "Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy."
+
+     =Leonato=--l[=e]-o-nae'to, not l[=e]-o-n[=a]'to. Governor of Messina
+       in "Much Ado About Nothing."
+
+     =Mahu=--ma-h[=o][=o]' or mae'hoo, not m[=a]'hu. A fiend spoken of in
+       "King Lear."
+
+     =Maid of Orleans=--or'le-anz, not or-l[=e]nz'. Another name of Joan
+       of Arc.
+
+     =Meister, Wilhelm=--v[)i]l'helm m[=i]s'ter, not w[)i]l'helm
+       m[=e]s'ter. The hero of a novel by Goethe.
+
+     =Mohicans, Last of the=--mo-h[=e]'kans, not mo-h[)i]sh'ans nor
+       m[=o]'he-kans.
+
+     =Montague=--m[)o]n'ta-g[=u], not mon-t[=a]g'. A noble family in
+       "Romeo and Juliet."
+
+     =Moreno, Don Antonio=--aen-t[=o]'ne-o m[=o]-r[=a]'no, not
+       [)a]n-t[=o]'ne-o m[=o]-r[=e]'no. A gentleman in "Don Quixote."
+
+     =Munchausen=--mun-chaw'sen, not mun-kaw'sen. German, Muenchhausen
+       (muen<sc>K</sc>-how'zen).
+
+     =Oberon=--[)o]b'er-on, not [=o]'ber-on. King of the fairies. Takes
+       an important part in "Midsummer Night's Dream."
+
+     =Ossian=--[)o]sh'an, not aw'si-an.
+
+     =Parizade=--pae-re-zae'd[=a], not p[)a]r'i-z[=a]de'. A princess in
+       "Arabian Nights' Entertainments."
+
+     =Parolles=--pa-r[)o]l'les, not pa-r[=o]lz'. A follower of Bertram
+       in "All's Well That Ends Well."
+
+     =Perdita=--per'di-ta, not per-d[=i]'ta nor per-d[=e]'ta. A princess
+       in "Winter's Tale."
+
+     =Petruchio=--pe-tr[=o][=o]'ch[)i]-o, not pe-tr[=o][=o]'k[)i]-o. A
+       principal character in "Taming of the Shrew."
+
+     =Pisanio=--p[)i]-zae'n[)i]-o, not p[)i]-s[=a]'n[)i]-o. A character
+       in "Cymbeline."
+
+     =Posthumus=--p[)o]st'hu-m[)u]s, not p[=o]st-h[=u]'m[)u]s. Imogen's
+       husband in "Cymbeline."
+
+     =Prospero=--pr[)o]s'pe-ro, not pros-p[=e]'ro. An important
+       character in the "Tempest."
+
+     =Rosalind=--r[)o]z'a-l[)i]nd, not r[=o]z'a-lind. The lady loved by
+       Orlando in "As You Like It."
+
+     =Rosaline=--r[)o]z'a-l[)i]n or r[)o]z'a-l[=i]n, not r[=o]z'a-leen.
+       A lady in "Love's Labor's Lost;" also the name of a lady loved by
+       Romeo before Juliet.
+
+     =Rosamond, Fair=--r[)o]z'a-mond, not r[=o]'za-mond.
+
+     =Rozinante=--r[)o]z-i-n[)a]n'te, not r[=o]-zi-n[)a]n'te. Don
+       Quixote's famous horse.
+
+     =Ruggiero=--r[=o][=o]d-j[=a]'ro, not r[)u]g-gi-[)e]r'o or
+       r[)u]j-ji-[=e]'ro. A knight in "Orlando Furioso."
+
+     =Sakhrat=--sae<sc>K</sc>-rae', not s[)a]k'rat. A sacred stone of
+       great powers, in "Mohammedan mythology."
+
+     =Stephano=--st[)e]f'a-no, not ste-f[=a]'no. A drunken butler in
+       "Tempest;" also a servant of Portia in "Merchant of Venice."
+
+     =Titania=--t[)i]-t[=a]'ni-a, not t[)i]-t[)a]n'i-a. The wife of
+       Oberon, king of the fairies.
+
+     =Tybalt=--t[)i]b'alt, not t[=i]'balt. One of the Capulets in "Romeo
+       and Juliet.
+
+     =Ulrica=--ul-r[=i]'ka, not [)u]l'ri-ka. An old sibyl in "Ivanhoe."
+
+     =Ursula=--uer'su-la, not uer-s[=o][=o]'la. An attendant in "Much Ado
+       About Nothing."
+
+     =Viola=--v[=i]'o-la, not v[=i]-[=o]'la. The disguised page of Duke
+       Orsino in "Twelfth Night."
+
+
+
+
+ORTHOEPICAL ERRORS OF THE PROFESSIONS.
+
+
+Although errors of speech are at all times to be deprecated, and are
+generally criticised without much leniency, it must be admitted that
+unless they are very gross, reasonable excuses are to be taken for
+those who have never made their language a subject of close study, and
+whose only use of words is entirely impromptu in the business affairs
+of life, in the home circle, or in the social gathering.
+
+Though a person's descent from Belgravia or Billingsgate is in a great
+measure revealed by the propriety of his discourse, yet this refers
+principally to those words that are employed by the masses in the
+every-day conversations of life, rather than to technicalities and
+words related to particular professions, the use of which is generally
+confined to the specially instructed. But when a man stands forth as
+an orator, a teacher, a minister, or a professor of some college, it
+is certainly not unreasonable for those that sit under his
+instruction, to expect and demand that his speech should be almost
+free from errors.
+
+One occupying such a position may well be excused for occasional
+embarrassment, poor voice, unpleasant address, hesitation of delivery,
+and various failings and peculiarities that can not be overcome, but
+little or no allowance can be made for constantly repeated errors.
+
+Probably there has never been a public speaker so perfect in diction,
+that he has not in moments of embarrassment, or when much absorbed in
+his subject, been guilty of grammatical inaccuracies or mistakes of
+pronunciation; and doubtless he is as often aware of them as his
+listeners are, as soon as they drop from his lips, but it would be
+foolish to call attention to them by going back to correct them. But
+when these offenses are so glaring and so frequently repeated that it
+is evident the speaker knows no better, it is no wonder that the
+educated hearer often thinks that the teacher had better leave his
+position and submit to being taught.
+
+What allowance can an intelligent congregation make for their minister
+who has nothing else to do but prepare his sermons, if, besides a
+multitude of common English mistakes, he pronounces more than half of
+his scriptural names in a manner that is not sanctioned by any
+authority?
+
+When the orotund medical professor stands up to address his students, or
+to engage in the discussions of a convention, and rolls out technicality
+after technicality pronounced in a manner that would be disowned by the
+original Latin or Greek, and is totally at variance with established
+usage, who would not ask for a little less elegance and a little more
+education? If it required a great amount of labor outside of the usual
+course of study for professional men to acquire a knowledge of the
+pronunciation of words peculiar to the professions, the subject might be
+treated with more tolerance; but as the definitions and the orthoepy
+might be so readily learned together during those years of daily
+reference to books that are required before one should be considered
+competent to stand as a guide to others, it certainly seems that they do
+not properly appreciate the dignity of their position by thus laying
+themselves open to public criticism.
+
+Many a student, in order to become instructed in certain branches, has
+been compelled to reluctantly sit for months or years at the feet of
+those that he felt were far inferior to him in common school
+education, hearing hourly such violations of orthoepy and syntax as
+would be a discredit to school children. And, doubtless, many such
+students have had such a charity for their teachers that they have
+wished to direct their attention to their faults, but have been
+restrained on account of the fear of enmity, expulsion, or of
+lessening the chances for passing the final examination.
+
+The bare thought of being so criticised should be so galling to any
+one bearing the dignified title of "professor," that he ought to be
+stimulated to endeavor to make himself an authority concerning the
+proprieties of speech.
+
+The study of orthoepy was held in such high esteem by the accent
+Greeks, and their delicate ears were so offended by any violation of
+its rules, that if an orator mispronounced a single word, the entire
+audience immediately hissed him.
+
+During the present state of pronunciation it would indeed be
+embarrassing to the public speaker, if such a custom existed in this
+country. Let us imagine, for instance, our friend Professor Abdominous
+Gynaecophonus, with his face ebullient with smiles of self-conceit,
+arising to address such an audience. "Gentlemen: I have listened
+patiently to this op'po-nent (_hisses_) of al'lo-path-y (_hisses_) and
+now arise to make a few remarks and in'quir-ies (_hisses_). In answer
+to his objections against hy-os-cy-[=a]'mus (_hisses_) as an anodyne
+and s[=o]'por-if-ic, (_hisses_) I would say that in cases of cough and
+sleeplessness, I have long used hyoscyamia combined in tr[=o]'ch[)e]z
+(_hisses_) without any of those effects that the p[)a]t'ron (_hisses_)
+of h[=o]'me-o-path-y (_hisses_) mentions. And having made almost a
+specialty of the treatment of f[)a]c'i-al (_hisses_) neuralgia or
+tic-d[)o]l-o-r[=o][=o]'" (_hisses_)--and it would certainly be time for
+him to dolorously sit down, although he might raise the question--
+
+    "What's in a name? that which we call a rose,
+    By any other name would smell as sweet,"
+
+and argue therefrom that the pronunciation of a word should make no
+difference so long as its meaning was understood. Amongst professional
+men, it has been observed that physicians and dentists are by far more
+prone than others to orthoepical errors. Attention is requested to a
+few of the more common of these in addition to those found in the
+preceding vocabulary connected with words that are alike used by the
+professional and the unprofessional, such as: _abdomen_, _acclimated_,
+_albumen_, _animalcula arabic_, _citrate_, _embryo_, _excrescence_,
+_fetid_, _fetor_, _forceps_, _homeopathy_, _hydropathy_, _jugular_,
+_jujube_, _nasal_, _pharmacop[oe]ia_, _purulent_, _spasmodic_,
+_sulphurous_, _tragacanth_, etc. The authorities appealed to are
+Dunglison, Thomas, Webster and Worcester. Notwithstanding the superior
+merit of Dunglison's Medical Dictionary, as far as the
+comprehensiveness and reliability of its definitions are concerned, it
+is evident that it is almost useless as an orthoepical guide. The
+principal accent is in many cases marked, but the pronunciation of
+preceding and succeeding syllables can not be determined, and there is
+no attempt at syllabication.
+
+Dr. Thomas' dictionary, though less comprehensive, is equally reliable
+in its definitions, and is excellent authority in regard to orthoepy;
+though it is to be regretted that in some words important syllables
+are not sufficiently marked. For instance, take the words _as-bes'tos_
+and _bis'muth_; how can it be determined whether the first should be
+pronounced [)a]s-b[)e]s'toss or [)a]z-b[)e]s't[=o]z or the latter
+b[)i]z'muth or b[)i]ss'muth? Webster and Worcester are undoubtedly
+good authorities for the pronunciation of the medical words they give.
+In the following vocabulary all of the authorities that mention the
+words may be considered as agreeing, unless notice is made of their
+disagreement.
+
+
+
+
+MEDICAL AND DENTAL WORDS.
+
+     [In Latin and Latinized Greek words, the English sounds of the
+     vowels are given as those used by the majority of professional
+     men. If any one, however, prefers to adopt the continental
+     method, sounding _a_ as in _father_, _y_ and _i_ as _e_ in
+     _veto_, etc., and consistently applies it to all such words, no
+     one, of course, has a right to object.]
+
+
+     =Adipose=--[)a]d'i-p[=o]se, not ad'i-p[=o]ze.
+
+     =Ala=--[=a]'la, not [)a]l'a. =Alae=, plural.
+
+     =Alis=--[=a]'l[)i]s, not [)a]l'[)i]s. This as a termination of
+       many words, such as =abdominalis=, =digitalis=, =frontalis=,
+       =lachrymalis=, =transversalis=, etc., is often erroneously
+       pronounced [)a]l'is.
+
+     =Alumen=--al-[=u]'men, not [)a]l'u-men.
+
+     =Alveolus=--al-v[=e]'o-lus, not al-ve-[=o]'lus. Plural, =alveoli=
+       (al-v[=e]'o-l[=i]). =Alveolar=--(al-v[=e]'o-lar). Alveolus is
+       the name given to the _cavity_ in the jaw that is seen upon the
+       removal of the root of a tooth, and it possesses no more
+       tangibility than a pinch of air; almost daily, however, we hear
+       dentists speak of extracting a tooth with a piece of the
+       _alveolus_ attached. What a curiosity for preservation in a
+       museum is a tooth with a piece of a little hole fastened to the
+       root! What is meant is a piece of the _alveolar process_, or
+       portion of bone around the alveolus.
+
+     =Anaemic=--a-n[)e]m'[)i]k, not a-n[=e]'m[)i]k. Dunglison gives the
+       latter.
+
+     =Andral=--[)o]ng-drael', not [)a]n'-dral.
+
+     =Aphthae=--[)a]f'th[=e], not [)a]p'th[=e].
+
+     =Aqua=--[=a]'kwa, not [)a]k'wa.
+
+     =Arcus Senilis=--se-n[=i]'lis, not s[)e]n'i-lis.
+
+     =Areolar=--a-r[=e]'o-lar, not a-re-[=o]'lar.
+
+     =Aris=--[=a]'r[)i]s, not [)a]r'is in the termination of
+       =angularis=, =medullaris=, =palmaris=, =orbicularis=,
+       =pulmonaris=, etc.
+
+     =Asarum=--[)a]s'a-rum, not a-s[=a]'rum.
+
+     =Asbestos=--[)a]s-b[)e]s't[)o]ss, not [)a]z-b[)e]s't[=o]z.
+
+     =Attollens=--at-t[)o]l'lenz, not at-t[=o]'lenz.
+
+     =Azygos=--az'y-gos, not a-zy'gos.
+
+     =Bagge=--baeg'geh, not b[)a]g.
+
+     =Bimana=--b[=i]-m[=a]'na, not b[=i]-m[=a]'n[)i]-a.
+
+     =Bismuth=--b[)i]z'muth, not b[)i]ss'muth.
+
+     =Bitumen=--b[)i]-t[=u]'men, not b[)i]t'u-men.
+
+     =Cadaver=--ka-d[=a]'ver, not ka-d[)a]v'er.
+
+     =Caries=--k[=a]'r[)i]-[=e]z, not k[=a]'r[=e]z nor k[)a]r'r[=e]z.
+
+     =Carminative=--kar-m[)i]n'a-tive, not kar'mi-n[=a]-t[)i]ve.
+
+     =Caryophillus=--k[)a]r-[)i]-o-ph[)i]l'lus, not
+       k[)a]r-[)i]-[)o]ph'[)i]l-lus.
+
+     =Cerebral=--s[)e]r'e-bral, not ser-[=e]'bral.
+
+     =Cerebric=--s[)e]r'e-bric, not ser-[=e]'bric.
+
+     =Cerebrum=--s[)e]r'e-brum, not ser-[=e]'brum. Dunglison gives
+       both.
+
+     =Cerumen=--se-r[=u]'men, not s[)e]r'[=u]-men.
+
+     =Cheyne=--ch[=a]n or cheen, not sh[=a]ne.
+
+     =Choledochus=--ko-l[)e]d'o-kus, not k[)o]l-e-d[=o]'kus nor
+       ko-l[)i]d'a-kus.
+
+     =Cicatrix=--si-k[=a]'trix, not s[)i]k'a-trix nor si-k[)a]t'rix.
+       Plural, =cicatrices= (s[)i]k'a-tr[=i]'s[=e]z), not
+       s[)i]-k[)a]t'r[)i]-s[=e]z.
+
+     =Cimicifuga=--s[)i]m-[)i]-s[)i]f'u-ga, not
+       s[)i]m-i-s[)i]-f[=u]'ga nor s[)i]m-[)i]s'i-f[=u]'ga.
+
+     =Cochlea=--k[)o]k'le-a, not k[=o]k'le-a.
+
+     =Conein=--ko-n[=e]'[)i]n, not k[=o]'ne-[)i]n.
+
+     =Conium=--ko-n[=i]'um, not k[=o]'ni-um.
+
+     =Cranium=--kr[=a]'ni-um, not kr[)a]n'i-um.
+
+     =Cynanche=--s[)i]-n[)a]n'k[=e], not s[=i]-n[)a]n'ch[=e].
+
+     =Diastase=--d[=i]'as-t[=a]se, not d[=i]-as't[=a]ze.
+
+     =Diastole=--d[=i]-as'to-le, not d[=i]'as-t[=o]le.
+
+     =Diploe=--d[)i]p'lo-e, not dip-l[=o]'e.
+
+     =Dulcamara=--dul-ka-m[=a]'ra, not dul-sa-m[=a]'ra. Webster gives
+       dul-kam'a-ra also.
+
+     =Duodenum=--du-o-d[=e]'num, not du-[)o]d'e-num.
+
+     =Dyspn[oe]a=--d[)i]sp-n[=e]'a, not d[)i]s-n[=e]'a.
+
+     =Emesis=--[)e]m'e-sis,not em-[=e]'sis.
+
+     =Epiploon=--e-p[)i]p'lo-on, not ep-ip-l[=o]'on.
+
+     =Facial=--f[=a]'shal, not f[)a]sh'i-al.
+
+     =Foramen=--fo-r[=a]'men, not fo-r[)a]m'en.
+
+     =Fungi=--fun'j[=i] not fun'g[=i]. Plural of =fungus=.
+
+     =Galbanum=--g[)a]l'ba-num, not gal-b[=a]'num.
+
+     =Gingiva=--j[)i]n-j[=i]'va, not j[)i]n'ji-va.
+
+     =Glenoid=--gl[=e]'noid, not gl[)e]n'oid.
+
+     =Glutaeus=--gl[=u]'tae-us, according to Webster. The rest give
+       gl[=u]-tae'us.
+
+     =Helleborus=--hel-l[)e]b'o-rus, not hel-le-b[=o]'rus.
+
+     =Hyoscyamus=--h[=i]-os-s[=i]'a-mus, not h[=i]-os-sy-[)a]m'us nor
+       hi-os-sy-[=a]'mus. =Hyoscyamine= (h[=i]-os-s[=i]'a-m[)i]n).
+
+     =Impetigo=--[)i]m-pe-t[=i]'go, not [)i]m-p[)e]t'i-go.
+
+     =Incisive=--[)i]n-s[=i]'s[)i]v, not in-s[)i]s'ive.
+
+     =Iodoform=--[=i]-[)o]d'o-form, not [=i]-[=o]'do-form. Dunglison
+       gives [=i]'o-do-form.
+
+     =Itis.= According to Webster and Worcester this termination is
+       pronounced [=i]'t[)i]s in =bronchitis=, =pleuritis=,
+       =gastritis=, etc. Thomas and Dunglison do not specify, but the
+       inference is that they intend the same. It is, however, so
+       generally pronounced [=e]'tis, that many would object to the
+       attention attracted by calling it [=i]'tis.
+
+     =Jejunum=--je-j[=u]'num, not j[)e]j'u-num.
+
+     =Juniperus=--ju-n[)i]p'e-rus, not j[=u]'ni-per-us nor
+       ju-ni-p[=e]'rus.
+
+     =Laudanum=--law'da-num, not l[)o]d'a-num.
+
+     =Lentigo=--len-t[=i]'go, not l[)e]n'ti-go.
+
+     =Lepra=--l[)e]p'ra, not l[=e]'pra. Dunglison gives the latter.
+
+     =Leuwenhoek=--l[=o][=o]'en-h[)o][)o]k or
+       l<sc>U</sc>h'wen-h[)o][)o]k (U as in fur), not
+       l[=o][=o]'wen-h[=o]ke.
+
+     =Levator=--le-v[=a]'tor, not le-v[)a]t'or.
+
+     =Liquor= (Latin)--l[=i]'kwor, not l[)i]k'ur as in English.
+
+     =Magendie=--mae-zh[)o]ng-d[=e]', not m[=a]-j[)e]n'd[=e].
+
+     =Malic=--m[=a]'lic, not m[)a]l'ic. Thomas gives the latter.
+
+     =Matrix=--m[=a]'trix, not m[)a]t'rix.
+
+     =Mistura=--m[)i]s-t[=u]'ra, not m[)i]s'tu-ra.
+
+     =Molecule=--m[)o]l'e-k[=u]le, not m[=o]'le-k[=u]le.
+
+     =Mollities=--mol-l[)i]sh'[)i]-[=e]z, not m[)o]l'l[)i]-t[=e]z.
+
+     =Molybdenum=--m[)o]l-[)i]b-d[=e]'num, not mo-l[)i]b'de-num.
+
+     =Nasmyth=--n[=a]'smith, not n[)a]z'm[)i]th.
+
+     =Nicolai=--nee'ko-l[=i], not n[)i]k'o-l[=a].
+
+     =Nucleolus=--nu-kl[=e]'o-lus, not nu-kle-[=o]'lus.
+
+     =Oris=--[=o]'r[)i]s, not [)o]r'is.
+
+     =Ovale=--[=o]-v[=a]'le, not [=o]-v[)a]l'e.
+
+     =Panizzi=--pae-n[)i]t'see or pae-n[=e]t'see, not pan-[)i]z'zy.
+
+     =Pepys=--p[)e]ps, not p[=e]'p[)i]s nor p[)e]p'[)i]s.
+
+     =Pes Anserinus=--p[=e]z an-ser-[=i]'nus, not p[)e]z
+       an-s[)e]r'i-nus. I once heard a professor describing the facial
+       nerve to his class, and he dwelt upon this plexus for some
+       time, calling it the "Pons Asinorum."
+
+     =Podagra=--p[)o]d'a-gra, not po-d[=a]'gra. Worcester gives
+       po-d[)a]g'ra also.
+
+     =Podophyllum=---p[)o]d-o-phyl'um, not po-d[)o]ph'yl-lum.
+
+     =Process=--pr[)o]s'ess, not pr[=o]'sess.
+
+     =Prostate=--pros't[=a]te, not pr[)o]s'tr[=a]te.
+
+     =Purkinje=--p[)o][)o]<sc>R</sc>'k[)i]n-yeh or p[)o][)o]r'k[)i]n,
+       not par-k[)i]n'j[=e].
+
+     =Pylorus=--p[)i]-l[=o]'rus, not p[=i]-lor'us.
+
+     =Pyrethrum=--p[)i]r'e-thrum, not p[=i]-r[=e]'thrum.
+
+     =Quadrumana=--quad-r[=u]'ma-na, not quad-ru-m[=a]'nia.
+
+     =Rubeola=--ru-b[=e]'o-la, not ru-be-[=o]'la.
+
+     =Sacrum=--s[=a]'krum, not s[)a]k'rum.
+
+     =Sagittal=--s[)a]j'it-tal, not sa-j[)i]t'tal. Danglison gives the
+       latter.
+
+     =Sanies=--s[=a]'n[)i]-[=e]z, not s[=a]'n[=e]z nor s[)a]n'[=e]z.
+
+     =Scabies=--sc[=a]'b[)i]-ez, not sc[)a]b'[=e]z nor sc[=a]'b[=e]z.
+
+     =Seidlitz=--s[=i]d'l[)i]tz, not s[)e]d'l[)i]tz, unless spelled
+       =Sedlitz=.
+
+     =Sinapis=--si-n[=a]'pis, not s[)i]n'a-pis.
+
+     =Squamous=--skw[=a]'mus, not skwaw'mus.
+
+     =Systole=--s[)i]s'to-le, not s[)i]s't[=o]le.
+
+     =Tinctura=--tinc-t[=u]'ra, not tinct'u-ra.
+
+     =Titanium=--ti-t[=a]'ni-um, not ti-t[)a]n'i-um.
+
+     =Trachea=--tra-k[=e]'a or tr[=a]'ke-a, not tr[)a]ck'e-a.
+
+     =Tremor=--tr[=e]'mor, not tr[)e]m'-or. Webster allows the latter
+       also.
+
+     =Trismus=--triss'mus, not tr[)i]z'mus.
+
+     =Umbilicus=--um-b[)i]-l[=i]'kus, according to Worcester, Thomas
+       and Dunglison. Webster gives um-bil'i-kus.
+
+     =Variola=--va-r[=i]'o-la, not va-ri-[=o]'la.
+
+     =Veratrum=--ve-r[=a]'trum, not ve-r[)a]t'rum.
+
+     =Vertebral=--v[)e]r'te-bral, not ver-t[=e]'bral.
+
+     =Virchow=--f[)i]r'ko, not vir'chow nor vir'kow.
+
+     =Zinci=--z[)i]n'si, not zink'[=i].
+
+
+
+
+SENTENCES FOR PRACTICE.
+
+
+The following extract is from the letter of a friend, to whom were
+sent some of the advance pages of this work: "I am absolutely filled
+with astonishment to see how many simple words I have been
+mispronouncing all my life, and would have kept on mispronouncing to
+the end of my days if my thoughts had not been directed to them. If I
+were in your place I would end the book with a story in which all the
+words would be used in the course of the narrative. I can imagine no
+amusement more instructive or interesting than for a social party to
+read in turns, under some penalty for each mistake."
+
+I had myself conceived the idea of presenting the words untrammeled
+with explanation of the orthoepy, or marks of accent; but the form was
+not decided upon.
+
+The effort to compose a narrative was abandoned after a fair trial;
+for to have a plot and also bring the words in natural position would
+require a large volume; otherwise, it made senseless jumble. In the
+trial sentences given the objects are gained in small space. Those
+objects are to allow readers to exercise the memory and test their
+friends; and at the same time to use the words syntactically. It is
+hoped that the reader will pardon any absurdities of context; as they
+can not be avoided where one is compelled to use so many selected
+words, and is obliged to force them into a small compass.
+
+
+
+
+MELANGE.
+
+
+The invalid came from _Bremen_ to America and hoped to be soon
+_acclimated_, but was stricken down with a disease that was not
+_amenable_ to treatment, although he had many physicians:
+_allopathists_, _hydropathists_ and _homeopathists_. He said that the
+aim of _allopathy_ was to poison him; of _hydropathy_ to drown him;
+and of _homeopathy_ to let him die unaided.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+One of the _combatants_ struck his _opponent_ in the _abdomen_ with a
+club, cut off an _alder_ tree; he was carried under the shade of an
+_ailantus_ and immediately expired.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Sophia_ found the egg under a _piony_ near the _shumac_ tree; but she
+broke it in carrying, and spilled the _albumen_ all over her _alpaca_
+dress.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The dose for an _adult_ is a _dessert-spoonful_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It was a plain supper--nothing but _aerated_ bread, _Bologna_ sausage
+and _radishes_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+He told his _demonstrative disputant_ that he did not wish to _get_
+into an _altercation_, but it only appeared to arouse his
+_combativeness_ still more.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Why do you accent the _antepenult_ of _espionage_?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+He _illustrated_ his proposition by cutting off the _apex_ of the
+figure, and then exhibited his _apparatus_ for the production of
+_statical_ electricity.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Two-thirds _gum-arabic_ and one-third _gum-tragacanth_ make a good
+mucilage.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _archbishop_ dreamed that an _archangel_ came to him and told him
+to have his _architect_ send to an island in the Grecian _Archipelago_
+for white marble for the _pilasters_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Search the _archives_ of history and you will not find another such
+_prodigy_ as Admirable _Crichton_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When, after _traversing_ the ocean, you find yourself in the _arid_
+desert of _Sahara_, where there is no _aroma_ of sweet flowers, or
+anything _at all_ to regale your exhausted energies; where there is no
+_herb_ nor _herbaceous_ plant near you; where you are almost famished
+for want of some _potable_ fluid; where you are in constant fear of
+being _harassed_ by _truculent nomads_--then will you realize that
+there are no joys _comparable_ to those that exist around the
+_hearthstone_ of your humble home.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+When the contents of the _museum_ were sold by _auction_, the
+antiquary bought a roll of _papyrus_ filled with _hieroglyphics_, a
+kind of _bellows_ used by the ancients for starting their fires, and a
+fine collection of _trilobites_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The attempt at a _reconnoisance_ in force had been unsuccessful;
+immediately after _reveille_, the commander of the _fortress_ _put_ it
+to vote amongst his officers, whether or not they should surrender.
+The _ayes_ carried it, although some _vehemently_ opposed on account
+of the excellent _morale_ of the garrison.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _heroine_ of the _melodrama_ sent to her _betrothed Seignior_ an
+_exquisite bouquet_, composed of _catalpa_ flowers, _dahlias_,
+_marigold_ and _thyme_, and prayed his forgiveness for not allowing
+him the promised _tete-a-tete_ at the _trysting_ place; she had been
+suffering with the _tic-douloureux_, she said. He generously forgave
+her and sent her a _sonnet_, in which he said that her voice was
+sweeter than that of _Piccolomini_, or any other _cantatrice_; that no
+_houri_ could be more beautiful than she; he called her a fair
+_florist_, and after _extolling_ her _naivete_, _roseate_ cheeks and
+_nymphean_ graces, he swore eternal _homage_ and that he would love
+her forever and for _aye_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The judge _bade_ the _desperado_ cease his _badinage_ and answer his
+_inquiries_, and threatened that if he did not, he would punish him
+for his _contumacy_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _vicar_ was one of the _notable_ men of his day; his wife was a
+pattern of _industry_, a _notable_ housekeeper. While the birds were
+chirping their _matin_ song, she might be seen with her _besom_ in her
+hand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Is this a _bona fide_ transaction, or is it a _Machiavelian_ attempt
+to _inveigle_ the _prelate_ into an _imbroglio_?
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A _booth_ was erected at the fair where the _pretty_ Misses _Agnes_
+and _Rosalind_ with much _complaisance_ dispensed _gratis_ to the
+visitors, _soda-water_ flavored with _orgeat_ or _sarsaparilla_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+General _Silvester_ and his _protege_, _Reginald_, met with a
+_casualty_ that nearly cost them their lives. The horses attached to
+their _Brougham_ became frightened at a _yacht_ and made a
+_tremendous_ leap over a high embankment into a _creek_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At the _zoological_ garden was found nearly every animal _extant_,
+from a mouse to a _camelopard_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _rendezvous_ of the _topographical_ surveyors was at the camp of
+some hunters on a _knoll_ near the banks of a _canon_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The monk concealed his features with his _capoch_ and would have been
+_irrecognizable_ if his _discourse_ had not betrayed him.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _etagere_ stands _cater-cornered_ in a _recess_ and contains many
+beautiful ornaments that his _predecessor_ _gathered_ within the last
+_decade_ of years; amongst which may be mentioned the heads of
+_Beethoven_, _Beranger_, _Goethe_, Percy _Bysshe_ Shelley, and many
+other celebrities, cut in _onyx_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Caucasian_ races obtained their name on account of originating
+near Mount _Caucasus_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _mischievous_ children got _cayenne_ all over their _chaps_, by
+which they were sufficiently punished without any further
+_chastening_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _chivalric_ Don Quixote, having become a _monomaniac_ on the
+subject of _chivalry_, bestrode his _Rosinante_, and, attended by his
+squire, started out to perform _chivalrous_ deeds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Lord C. has been absent since _February_, 1870; it is said that he has
+been traveling _incognito_, but it is certain that in Italy he has
+retained his _cognomen_. He is now at _Modena_ awaiting the recovery
+of his _Cicerone_, when he intends to visit _Genoa_ and _Milan_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _obesity_ of the _florid_-faced prebendary is observed to increase
+with his _prebend_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I have heard much of the _gamins_ of _Gotham_, but I never realized
+what the _gallows_-deserving rascals were till I settled in New York
+City. I opened business as a _pharmaceutist_ on a corner that was a
+favorite _haunt_ of theirs. Such a crowd of _tatterdemalions_ as stood
+in front of my show-window the first day I made my display of
+_Parisian_ fancy goods, baffles description. One had the _hooping_
+cough, and every now and then would hoop till the _perspiration_
+rolled down his face; then he would shriek out the daily _newspapers_,
+in a voice like a _calliope_. One dirty-faced _gourmand_ ate _papaws_
+till he had to _gape_ for breath, and would shoot the seeds and throw
+the skins at his _hundred_ comrades, half of them coming in my front
+door. Another, dressed in ragged _jean_, his face covered with _soot_,
+played the _jew's-harp_ hour after hour, with as much pride in his
+ability as _Paganini_ at his violin. Another, a tall, _jaundice_
+visaged youth with an _embryo_ beard of about a dozen hairs, covered
+nearly to his heels with his great-grandfather's _surtout_, in the
+_lapel_ of which was pinned a death's-head, danced upon the iron
+cellar door till it roared like distant artillery.
+
+Then there were many other "_partners_" bearing such _sobriquets_ as
+"Sore Snoot," "Pig Eye," "Limpy," etc., _improvising irrational_
+songs, boxing, _wrestling_, indulging in _raillery_ and _ribald_
+jests, pitching _quoits_, _meawing_ like cats, howling at my _patrons_
+and driving reputable _patronage_ away. Every now and then they would
+send in little, _saucy_, _precocious_ urchins, who offered to
+_patronize_ me by asking for two cents' worth of _jujube_ paste,
+_tolu_ or _licorice_, or some _Samaritan_ _salve_ for Jim Biles' sore
+nose. At last, when the sun had reached the _horizon_, as a _finale_
+of the day's _progress_, one of the young villains hurled a bowlder
+through my French plate-glass, which, after its flight through a lot
+of _citrate_ of magnesia, _cochineal_ and _quinine_, finally spilled a
+large bottle of red ink all over my new _pharmacop[oe]ia_. Springing
+over the _debris_, I rushed to the door with _implacable_ anger
+flashing from my eyes. But one glance at that _imperturbable_ crowd
+showed me how _impotent_ I was. One of them with _placid_ countenance
+and _stolid_ indifference simply accosted me with, "Say, Mister, are
+you going to see the '_Naiad_ Queen' to-night?"
+
+I left that store in less than a _fortnight_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _comptroller_ was appointed by the _government_ upon the
+supposition that he was _conversant_ with the details of _finance_;
+but he was only a _mediocre financier_ and was not aware of the
+_deficit_ in the _finances_, until the conscience-stricken
+_defalcating_ officer acknowledged his _defalcation_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The emigrants to the _frontier_ chose a beautiful spot for their
+settlement; but they found that the wells dug there and on the
+_contiguous prairies_ had a _saline_ taste; so they were obliged to
+bring water from the _mountainous_ region beyond, by means of a
+_conduit_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+From the _congeries_ presented to the professor, he, at his _leisure_,
+_isolated_ each genus and gave _generic_ names to each; and at the
+next meeting of the _lyceum_, he solicited attention to his _data_ and
+the _truths_ he had deduced.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The handsome _contour_ of _Madame_ G's face has been spoiled by an
+_excrescence_ like a _raspberry_ on her _nasal_ organ.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Young _Philemon_ after reading _Lalla Rookh_, _Lara_, Don _Juan_, The
+_Giaour_, the productions of Mrs. _Hemans_, and a few others, was
+seized with the determination to become a poet; but he has only
+succeeded in becoming a _poetaster_, without any ideas of _prosody_.
+More _metrical_ excellence and sense can be found in the _distich_:
+
+    "Mary, Mary, quite _contrary_,
+    How does your garden grow?"
+
+than in any of the _products_ of his brain that he has given us. His
+brothers, _Eben_ and _Philander_, have become stage-struck, and expect
+to excel in the _Protean_ art. Their _guardian_, himself a great lover
+of _drama_, having foolish confidence in their success, grants them
+_plenary_ indulgence in all their whims. They are _habitues_ of the
+_theatre_, and have fitted up a _suite_ of apartments next to a _suit_
+of rooms occupied by some stock actors, with whom they are bound in
+_indissoluble_ bonds of friendship. There they spend the day in
+practice, and if you should call at any hour, there is no telling what
+will present itself to you. Perhaps Macbeth with the _glamour_ of his
+eyes, viewing the imaginary _gouts_ of blood; or _Banquo_ with his
+gory locks; or some knight with his _cuirass_ on and his _visor_ down,
+plunging, without a _qualm_, his carmine-stained _poniard_ into the
+_jugular_ of some _patriot_. Possibly, Othello the _Moor_, King John
+with the _Magna Charta_, or a _legendary_ warrior of frightful _mien_
+with his _falchion_ drawn, will admit you. Or you may see a
+_viscount_ with _falcon_, a _rampant_ villain, a _jocund_ host, or an
+_irate_, _splenetic_ old man with _spectacles_, pronouncing with
+_senile vehemence_ a curse upon some _fragile_ female in _negligee_
+before him, who beseeches the aid of an _immobile statue_ in a _niche_
+in the wall. You may get there in the nick of time to save Desdemona
+by an _expose_ of _Iago_'so villainy, to rescue Pythias whom Damon
+holds by the _nape_ of the neck on the _threshold_ of eternity, or to
+restrain the _suicidal_ design of the _Montague_ by informing him that
+the fair Capulet is only under the influence of a _soporific_--not
+dead. You may arrive soon enough to arouse the womanhood in the
+_docile_ Kate, making her less _docible_, and talk woman's rights to
+_Petruchio_, making him more _lenient_.
+
+And you will find the guardian of these promising youths, sitting
+there all day shouting _encore_ to their absurdities, and not
+_rational_ enough to see his _indiscretion_ in permitting their
+_frivolity_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _ennui_, recently complained of, was relieved by an invitation to
+a party given by the _Mesdames_ B., the same you met at the
+_conversazione_ of the church _guild_. The ladies received their
+guests with their usual _suavity_. Their niece, _Rosamond_, recently
+from _Madrid_, was the attraction of the evening; she wore an elegant
+_moire_ antique with a profusion of _valenciennes_; she had a
+beautiful set of jewelry--_opal_ and diamonds. It was marvelous how
+her _tiny_ hands flew over the _piano-forte_. She sings very sweetly
+too; her voice is a sort of _mezzo-soprano_. The _naive_ Miss _Ursula_
+was present, nearly smothered in black silk and _guipure_. She looks
+much prettier in _dishabille_. The little _piquant_ Miss _Irene_, with
+her _plaited_ hair, sang with a voice like a _paroquet_ her favorite,
+"_Tassels_ on the Boots." That disgusting young _Leopold_ was there,
+feeling as important as a _Rothschild_, making his _salams_, and
+_palavering sotto voce_ to all the girls, circulating his _monogram_
+cards and sporting his paste pin with its dazzling _facets_. He thinks
+he cuts a wide _swath_.
+
+Late in the evening those that were fond of _Terpsichorean_ amusement
+were ushered into a room where the _tapestry_ was covered and there
+spent several hours in _minuets_, waltzes, quadrilles, etc.
+
+The topics of conversation amongst the more sensible during the
+evening were the object of the visit of the new _prelate_, and the
+recent speeches of _Disraeli_ and _Thiers_.
+
+Madame B. caused a good deal of merriment by describing an improvement
+in her _cuisine_ that had been introduced that day. Bridget, a late
+importation from _Belfast_, who had charge of the _culinary_
+department, was told to send for some _vermicelli_ to put in the soup,
+but she ordered _spermaceti_ instead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There was an old superstition that when the _sacristan_ caused the
+bell in the _cupola_ to toll its _dolorous_ funeral notes, the _manes_
+of former friends joined in the solemn _cortege_, and gathering
+around the grave moved their lips in inaudible _requiem_, and wrote in
+invisible letters upon the tomb, _omega_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The great _desideratum_ in the successful argument of _disputable_
+points, is the possession of an _equable_ temper.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Alphonso_, while out hunting _partridges_, fell into a _slough_.
+Being clothed only in _nainsook_, he took a severe cold, which soon
+resulted in _febrile_ symptoms.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Dr. Mastiff's _posthumous monograph_ on "_Rabies_" will soon appear.
+The _frontispiece_ represents a group of dogs. Next to the _preface_
+is a _memoir_ of the author. It was his own design to have "_Finis_"
+placed upon a cut of a tombstone. It almost seems that he had a
+_presentiment_ of his death.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Suffice_ it to say that the dentist gave the patient enough letheon
+to produce unconsciousness, and then applied his _forceps_ to the
+offending tooth. Letheon, accented on the first syllable, and
+_lethean_ are derived from _Lethe_, the name of a river described in
+mythology, a draught from which caused forgetfulness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Sulphurous_ acid is _gaseous_, not liquid.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+It is reported in the _Pall Mall_ Gazette that _Basil_ S., whom you
+met several years ago at _Leipsic_, is dead. He lived the life of a
+_roue_ for some years in Paris and London, and turned out to be a most
+_perfidious_ villain. In the latter city he committed many _heinous_
+offenses and acts of _subtle_ knavery that were almost without
+_precedent_. He was engaged for a long time in the manufacture of
+_spurious_ money by a new _process_, in which dies were taken from
+_gutta-percha_ impressions. He had purchased the services of an
+experienced professor of _metallurgy_, and the _produce_ of their
+crime would have been immense, if some of his other crimes had not
+been betrayed. _Placards_, offering a large reward for his arrest,
+were posted all over the city. He fled to Venice where he was soon
+afterward drowned by falling from a _gondola_, thus cheating the
+_gibbet_ of its dues.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The foolish lover, _Ivan_, rendered desperate because his rival
+_Darius_ had gained the _precedence_ in _Marion's_ esteem, resolved to
+commit suicide and rushed _toward_ the _quay_ and plunged into the
+water. Some fishermen rescued him with their _seine_, poured some
+_potheen_ down his throat, and carried him home on a piece of
+_tarpaulin_. His _sousing_ cured him of his folly, but was a poor
+_guerdon_ for his faithfulness.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Saracens_, taking advantage of the _strategic_ point, made a
+sudden dash into the territory of the _usurper_; while a detachment
+_houghed_ the horses of the enemy's _cavalry_, the rest proceeded on a
+_predatory_ raid characterized by _rapine_ and terror, and after the
+_spoliation_ of the villages, and the burning of the _granaries_,
+returned to their own possessions.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Lionel_, _prejudiced_ against the world on account of _onerous_
+cares, concluded to make a _sacrifice_ of his wealth and position and
+become a _recluse_. His little _hovel_ on the _heather_, whitened with
+lime which he himself _slaked_, and the little flower garden
+_redolent_ of spring, present a strange contrast with his former
+mansion and magnificent grounds.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Eva_ answered the _inquiry_ of the French gentleman, "Parlez-vous
+francais?" with a "Oui;" but when she came to converse with him, he
+understood about as much of her _patois_ as he did of _Hindoostanee_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+There is a fabulous report that the _upas_ tree exhales a _subtile_
+vapor that is fatal to animal life.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Since _Joshua_ has obtained his lucrative _sinecure_, he spends his
+time in riding about in his _phaeton_ and reading _romances_. He is
+_loth_ to acknowledge that he was ever a _plebeian_ and did all kinds
+of _servile_ work. He is confident that his _genealogy_, if known,
+would show that he was unto a _manor_ born, and that some
+_supposititious_ child robbed him of his rights.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The knight dropped his _wassail cup_ and sprang to the assistance of
+the ladies. "_Gramercy_," _quoth_ they, _simultaneously_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _veterinary_ physician said that the disease was _murrain_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+An _infinitesimal_ quantity of _yeast_ excited the fermentation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Augustine_ studied _microscopy_ just long enough to learn that a
+_monad_ is one of the simplest kind of minute _animalcules_; he then
+tried chemistry and _mineralogy_, but he could not master the
+_nomenclature_; he then took a fancy for _telegraphy_, but soon
+abandoned the idea of becoming a _telegraphist_. At last accounts, he
+apprenticed himself to a druggist, but was told to _vamos_ soon after
+making up a lot of _Seidlitz_ powders with oxalic instead of
+_tartaric_ acid.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Artemas_ has applied for a _patent_ on an improved _turbine_ wheel.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Mr. B., recollecting the _precedent_ services of his servant, advanced
+him money enough to lift the _lien_ on his dwelling.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _lithographer_ had only a poor _melanotype_ to copy from, but he
+succeeded in making an excellent print.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"Thou shalt destroy them that speak _leasing_," is found in the sixth
+verse of the fifth _psalm_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At the examination in _orthoepy_, _Deborah_ had the following words
+given to her: _contumely_, _crinoline_, _feudal_, _fetid_, _fetor_,
+_gerund_, _gneiss_, _gyrfalcon_, _harem_, _Hawaiian_, _hygiene_,
+_lariat_, _leverage_, _nonillion_, _obligatory_, _platina_,
+_platinum_, _psalmody_, _psychical_, _purulent_, _pyrites_,
+_recherche_, _resume_, _sacerdotal_, _sacrament_, _schism_, _shekel_,
+_stearine_ and _troches_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The objective, me, is _often_ erroneously used instead of the
+_nominative_, I, in answer to the question--"Who is there?"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the _dramatis personae_ of "Midsummer Night's Dream," _Oberon_ and
+_Titania_, king and queen of the fairies, are introduced.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+At the examination in geography, _Ada_ was required to draw a map of
+_Asia_, which would have been well done, if she had not drawn
+_Persia_, _Afghanistan_ and _Beloochistan_ nearly twice their proper
+size. She was then asked to give the location and length of the
+_Altai_ and _Vosges_ mountains, and the height of their principal
+peaks; a description of the _Aral_, _Adriatic_ and _Caribbean_ seas;
+the course and length of the _Amoor_ and _Yang tse-kiang_; and the
+location and population of _Valparaiso_ (_Chili_), _Bantam_, (_Java_),
+_Norwich_, (Eng.), _Pesth_, _Quebec_, _Valenciennes_, _Neufchatel_,
+_Nantes_ and _Aix-la-Chapelle_.
+
+Her sister, _Frances_, was told to draw maps of _Buenos Ayres_ and
+_Otaheite_, and to bound _Venezuela_ and _Arkansas_; to give the
+length and direction of the _Araguay_, _Juniata_, _Kankakee_,
+_Barbados_ and _San Joaquin_; the location of Cape _Agulhas_; the
+situation and population of _Bingen_, _Calais_, _Canton_, _Acapulco_,
+_Chuquisaca_, _Delhi_, _Dubuque_, _Jeddo_, _Quereturo_, _Truxillo_,
+_Leicester_ and _Vevay_, and a description of _Sumatra_, _Zanzibar_,
+_Barbadoes_ and the _Antilles_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Sigismund_ has just returned from _Yosemite_ Valley.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Cecily_, _Chloe_ and _Viola_ have just passed their examination in
+biography. The names presented to them were the following: _N. S.
+Adam_ (Fr.), _G. Adam_ (Ger.), _Beatrice Cenci_, _Blucher_,
+_Boccaccio_, _Anne Boleyn_, _Marco Bozzaris_, _Joseph Buonaparte_,
+_D'Aubigne_, _Daubigny_, _Drouyn de Lhuys_, _Juarez_, _Lavater_,
+_Marat_, _Marion_, _Catherine de Medici_, _Moultrie_, _Ovid_, _Pliny_,
+_Ponce de Leon_ and _Richelieu_.
+
+
+
+
+VIOLATED RULES OF GRAMMAR.
+
+
+Many, who claim to be good grammarians, are occasionally guilty of the
+violation of certain important rules. Attention is solicited to a few
+of the more common errors of this nature.
+
+
+NUMBER.
+
+Certain compounds change the form of the first word in pluralizing,
+as: _court-martial_, _brother-in-law_, _sister-in-law_. Plural,
+_courts-martial_, _brothers-in-law_, etc. "John has three
+brother-in-laws," then, is incorrect.
+
+But _tea-spoonful_, _table-spoonful_, _cupful_, _pocketful_, etc., are
+not considered such compounds; therefore, "two tea-spoonsful of
+medicine" and "two-cupsful of flour," should be, "two tea-spoonfuls of
+medicine," and "two cupfuls of flour."
+
+When name and title are given, with a numeral adjective prefixed, the
+_name_ is pluralized. "Are the two Misses Wilson at home?" should be,
+"Are the two Miss Wilsons at home?" But when the numeral is omitted
+the _title_ must be pluralized. "Were the Dr. Browns there?" should
+be, "Were the Drs. Brown there?" The rule has been given that the
+_name_ only of married ladies is pluralized, but there appears to be
+no reason except that of euphony: the _Mrs. Clarks_ certainly sounds
+more agreeably than the _Mistresses Clark_. In giving the plural of
+such titles as: _Hon._, _Rev._, _Squire_ and _Capt._, euphony is also
+often considered; but in such cases it would doubtless be better to
+add the numeral, as: the _three Hon. Jacksons_.
+
+
+EACH OTHER--ONE ANOTHER.
+
+_Each other_ applies to two; _one another_ to more than two. "The
+three witnesses contradicted each other," and "the two men accused one
+another," are incorrect.
+
+
+NEITHER, NOT--NOR.
+
+_Neither_ and _not_ are followed by _nor_, not _or_. "Neither James or
+Charles will come," and "it is not white or black," are incorrect.
+
+
+TO BE, UNITING WORDS.
+
+Words united by _to be_, referring to the same person, must be of the
+same case.
+
+"It is me," "It may have been him," "It could not be her," and "It
+was not them," are not correct: _it_, in each of the sentences, is
+_nominative_ and the other pronouns should be _I_, _he_, _she_ and
+_they_. "I took it to be he," and "I understood it to be they," are
+also wrong; for _it_ is objective in both instances, and the following
+pronouns should be _him_ and _them_.
+
+
+THAN, AS.
+
+_Than_ and _as_ implying comparison, have the same case after as
+before. "He loses more than me," "John knows more than him" and "James
+is not so tall as her," should be, "He loses more than I" (lose),
+"John knows more than he" (knows) and "James is not so tall as she"
+(is tall).
+
+
+WHO.
+
+Errors connected with the use of this word are very common, even
+amongst good speakers.
+
+"Who did you see?" "Who do you know?" and "Who did you hear?" are
+wrong: _whom_ should be used, for it is the object of the transitive
+verbs, _see_, _know_ and _hear_. _Who_ in such sentences as: "Who are
+you looking at?" and "Who are you writing to?" should likewise be
+changed into _whom_, for it is the _object_ of the prepositions _at_
+and _to_.
+
+
+ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS.
+
+Adjectives are often erroneously used for adverbs in sentences like
+the following: "This is an uncommon good portrait," "It is a miserable
+poor painting. "_Uncommonly good_ and _miserably poor_ are right.
+
+Adverbs are still more commonly used for adjectives. "Mary looked
+_beautifully_ at the party," and "Janauschek looked _majestically_ on
+the stage," are incorrect, for it is intended to describe the
+appearance of Mary and Janauschek, not their manner of looking;
+therefore the adjectives _beautiful_ and _majestic_ should be used.
+
+When _two_ objects are compared, the _comparative_ degree should be
+used. "William is the heaviest of the two," and "Which is the most
+desirable--health or wealth?" ought to be, "William is the heavier of
+the two," and "Which is the more desirable--health or wealth?"
+
+
+THESE, THOSE.
+
+The plural demonstratives _these_ and _those_ are often erroneously
+used with singular nouns, as: "I don't like these kind of people," and
+"Those sort of things are very embarrassing." _Kind_ and _sort_ are
+singular and should have _this_ and _that_.
+
+
+INTO.
+
+_Into_, not _in_, is used to show the relation between verbs
+expressing motion, entrance, change of state, etc., and an objective
+case, as: "Come into the house," "Step into the carriage," and "Look
+into the room."
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+
+* Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the original
+(=bold=).
+
+* Added punctuation as needed to preserve the author's and publisher's
+intent.
+
+* Addition to the pronunciation guide:
+
+    Small capital "D" indicates a sound similar to "th" (this).
+    Small capital "G" and "K" indicates the sound of the German "ch".
+    Small capital "H" resembles a guttural and strongly-aspirated "h".
+    Small capital "R" resembles the sound of "rr" (terror).
+    Small capital "U" indicates the sound of the French "eu", and
+      resembles the sound of the German "oe".
+    The sound for the small capitals "TH" is unknown.
+
+* Page 17 Corrected spelling of "spellling" to "spelling" in
+"Worcestor's spellling is".
+
+* Page 29 Corrected spelling of "lenghten" to "lengthen" in "also, in
+lengthy, lenghten".]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Every-Day Errors of Speech, by L. P. Meredith
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EVERY-DAY ERRORS OF SPEECH ***
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