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diff --git a/32445.txt b/32445.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..13cd971 --- /dev/null +++ b/32445.txt @@ -0,0 +1,926 @@ +Project Gutenberg's The Pain and Sorrow of Evil Marriage, by Wynkyn de Worde + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Pain and Sorrow of Evil Marriage + +Author: Wynkyn de Worde + +Release Date: May 20, 2010 [EBook #32445] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PAIN AND SORROW OF EVIL MARRIAGE *** + + + + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + + + THE + PAIN AND SORROW + OF + EVIL MARRIAGE. + + + FROM AN UNIQUE COPY + + + Printed by Wynkyn de Worde. + + + LONDON: + REPRINTED FOR THE PERCY SOCIETY, + BY C. RICHARDS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE. + MDCCCXL. + + + COUNCIL OF The Percy Society. + + J. A. CAHUSAC, ESQ. F.S.A. + WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A. + JOHN PAYNE COLLIER, ESQ. F.S.A. + T. CROFTON CROKER, ESQ. F.S.A. + REV. ALEXANDER DYCE. + RICHARD HALLIWELL, ESQ. F.S.A. + JAMES ORCHARD HALLIWELL, ESQ. F.R.S. Treasurer + WILLIAM JERDAN, ESQ. F.S.A. + SAMUEL LOVER, ESQ. + CHARLES MACKAY, ESQ. + E. F. RIMBAULT, ESQ. _Secretary_. + THOMAS WRIGHT, ESQ. M.A. F.S.A. + + + + +INTRODUCTION. + + +There are three early humorous tracts in verse upon the subject of +marriage, all printed by Wynkyn de Worde: only one of them has a date, +1535, but we can have little difficulty in assigning the two others to +about the same period. They have the following titles. + +1. "A complaynt of them that be to soone maryed." + +2. "Here begynneth the complaynte of them that ben to late maryed." + +3. "The payne and sorowe of evyll maryage." + +The last we have printed entire in the following pages, and of the two +others, Dr. Dibdin has inserted a brief account in his edition of Ames +(Typ. Ant. II. 384). We propose to go more at large into a description +of the contents of these ancient and facetious relics. + +We have reason to believe that the two first are translations; and in +default of English expressions, especially in the second piece, the +writer has employed, and sometimes anglicised, several of the French +words, which he thought better adapted to his purpose. To this +production, "the Auctour," as he calls himself, has subjoined a sort of +epilogue, which ingeniously includes the printer's colophon, as follows: + + "Here endeth the complaynt of to late maryed, + For spendynge of tyme or they a borde + The sayd holy sacramente have to longe taryed, + Humane nature tassemble and it to accorde. + Enprynted in Fletestrete by Wynkyn de Worde, + Dwellynge in the famous cyte of London, + His hous in the same at the sygne of the Sonne." + +At the conclusion of the "complaynt of them that be to soone maryed," +the date of 1535 has also been interwoven. Wynkyn de Worde's will was +proved the 19th January, 1534, which, according to our present mode of +computing the year, would be the 19th January, 1535; so that either this +piece came out after his death, or it was printed just before that +event, and in anticipation of the new year, which would not then +commence until the 26th March. + +Each of the tracts has a wood-cut on the titlepage, but only that called +"The payne and sorowe of evyll maryage," can be said to have anything to +do with the subject, and that no doubt had been used for other works: it +represents a marriage ceremony,--a priest joining the hands of a couple +before the altar. + +The "complaynt of them that be to soone maryed" opens with the following +stanza: + + "For as moche as many folke there be + That desyre the sacrament of weddynge, + Other wyll kepe them in vyrgyny[t]e, + And toyll in chastyte be lyvynge; + Therfore I wyll put now in wrytynge + In what sorowe these men lede theyr lyves, + That to soone be coupled to cursed Wyves." + +Thence the author proceeds to give some very sage and serious advice +upon the evil of too hasty matrimonial alliances, but he does not +attempt much humour until he comes to describe the conduct of his wife +(for he writes in the first person throughout) when they had been +married eight days: until then he had not been "chydden ne banged," but +he suffered for it bitterly afterwards; + + "But soone ynoughe I had assayes + Of sorowe and care that made me bare." + +It may here be observed that the stanza is peculiar, and consists of +eight lines, the four first lines rhyming alternately, the fifth rhyming +with the fourth, then a line with a new rhyme, while the seventh line +rhymes with the third and fourth, and the eighth with the sixth. He +continues the narrative of his sufferings in the following manner: + + "About eyght dayes, or soone after + Our maryage, the tyme for to passe + My wyfe I toke, and dyd set her + Upon my knee for to solace; + And began her for to enbrace, + Sayenge, syster, go get the tyme loste; + We must thynke to labour a pace + To recompence that it hathe us coste. + + "Than for to despyte she up arose, + And drewe her faste behynde me, + To me sayenge, is this the glose? + Alas, pore caytyfe, well I se + That I never shall have, quod she, + With you more than payne and tormente: + I am in an evyll degre; + I have now loste my sacramente. + + "For me be to longe with you here, + Alas, I ought well for to thynke + What we sholde do within ten yere, + Whan we shall have at our herte brynke + Many chyldren on for to thynke, + And crye after us without fayle + For theyr meate and theyr drynke; + Then shall it be no mervayle. + + "Cursed be the houre that I ne was + Made a none in some cloyster, + Never there for to passe; + Or had be made some syster, + In servage with a clousterer. + It is not eyght dayes sythe oure weddynge + That we two togyther weere: + By god, ye speke to soone of werkynge." + +The second piece of ancient _facetiae_, "the complaynte of them that ben +to late maryed," is written with much more humour, and is far better +worth preservation, but it is disfigured by indelicacy, though not of +the grossest kind, and never introduced but for the sake of heightening +the drollery. It is the lamentation of an elderly gentleman, who after a +youth of riot had married a young frolicksome wife, and he relates very +feelingly the inconveniences, annoyances, and jealousies to which he is +thereby exposed. After two introductory stanzas, (all of them are in the +ordinary seven-line ballad form) he thus states his resolution late in +life to commit the folly of matrimony. + + "To longe have I lyved without ony make; + All to longe have I used my yonge age: + I wyll all for go and a wyfe to me take + For to increase both our twoos lynage; + For saynt John sayth that he is sage + That ayenst his wyll doth him governe, + And our lordes precepte hym selfe for to learne + + "There is no greter pleasure than for to have + A wyfe that is full of prudence and wysdome. + Alas, for love nygh I am in poynte to rave. + These cursed olde men have an yll custome + Women for to blame, both all and some; + For that they can not theyr myndes full fyll, + Therfore they speke of them but all yll. + + "Now, syth that I have my tyme used + For to follow my folyshe pleasaunces, + And have my selfe oftentimes sore abused + At plaies and sportes, pompes and daunces, + Spendynge golde and sylver and grete fynaunces, + For faut of a wyfe the cause is all: + To late maryed men may me call." + +Hence he proceeds to narrate his early courses, especially his amours +with "mercenary beauties." He says:-- + + "Yf I withhelde ony praty one, + Swetely ynough she made me chere, + Sayenge that she loved no persone + But me, and therto she dyde swere. + But whan I wente fro that place there, + Unto another she dyde as moche; + For they love none but for theyr poche." + +His male companions were about upon a par with his female, and upon both +he wasted his substance; but having at last married, he imagined that he +had only to enjoy tranquillity and happiness, and exclaimed:-- + + "Now am I out of this daunger so alenge, + Wherfore I am gladde it for to persever. + Longe about have I ben me for to renge; + But it is better to late than to be never. + Certes I was not in my lyfe tyll hyther + So full of joye, that doth in my herte inspyre: + Wedded folke have tyme at theyr desyre." + +On trying the experiment, he by no means finds it answer his +expectation. Besides other evils, he says, "constrayned I am to be full +of jalousy;" and he admits in plain terms that his young wife has no +great reason to be satisfied with her old husband. He observes:-- + + "It is sayd that a man in servytude + Hym putteth, whan he doth to woman bende: + He ne hath but only habytude + Unto her the whiche well doth hym tende. + Who wyll to householde comprehende, + And there a bout studyeth in youth alwayes, + He shall have honoure in his olde dayes. + + "Some chyldren unto the courtes hauntes, + And ben purvayed of benefyces; + Some haunteth markettes and be marchauntes, + Byenge and sellynge theyr marchaundyses; + Or elles constytuted in offyces. + Theyr faders and moders have grete solace, + That to late maryed by no waye hase. + + "I be wayll the tyme that is so spent, + That I ne me hasted for to wedde; + For I shall have herytage and rente, + Both golde and sylver and kynred; + But syth that our lorde hath ordeyned + That I this sacrament take me upon, + I wyll kepe it trewely at all season." + +In the subsequent stanza, which occurs soon afterwards, the author seems +to allude to the first of the three tracts now under consideration. + + "Yf that there be ony tryfelers, + That have wylled for to blame maryage, + I dare well saye that they ben but lyers, + Or elles god fayled in the fyrste age: + Adam bereth wytnesse and tesmonage: + Maryed he was, and comen we ben. + God dyde choyse maryage unto all men." + +This stanza affords an instance of the employment of an anglicised +French word because it happened to answer the translator's purpose as a +rhyme to "age." His objection is not to marriage generally, but to +marriage when a man has ceased to be the subject of amorous affection; +for he says expressly, + + "All they that by theyr subtyll artes + Hath wylled for to blame maryage, + I wyll susteyne that they be bastardes, + Or at least wage an evyll courage, + For to saye that therein is servage + In maryage; but I it reny, + For therin is but humayne company. + + "Yf ther be yll women and rebell, + Shrewed, dispytous, and eke felonyous, + There be other fayre, and do full well, + Propre, gentyll, lusty and joyous, + That ben full of grace and vertuous; + They ben not all born under a sygnet: + Happy is he that a good one can get." + +He adds just afterwards:-- + + "Galantes, playne ye the tyme that ye have lost, + Mary you be tyme, as the wyse man sayth. + Tossed I have ben fro pyler to post + In commersynge natures werke alwayes. + I have passed full many quasy dayes, + That now unto good I can not mate, + For mary I dyde my selfe to late." + +In the second line we ought to read "sayes" for "sayth," as the rhyme +evidently shews. The last stanza of the body of the poem is in the same +spirit. + + "Better it is in youth a wyfe for to take, + And lyve with her to goddes pleasaunce, + Than to go in age, for goddes sake, + In worldly sorowe and perturbaunce, + For youthes love and utteraunce, + And than to dye at the last ende, + And be dampned in hell with the foule fende." + +The three terminating stanzas consist of a supplementary address from +"the Auctour," the last containing the imprint or colophon as already +inserted. The work is ended by Wynkyn de Worde's well known tripartite +device. + +We now proceed to insert, in its entire shape, the third tract upon this +amusing subject, premising that (like our preceding quotations) it is +from an unique copy. It will remind the reader in several places of +passages in the Prologue of Chaucer's "Wife of Bath," especially where +she remarks, + + "Thou sayst droppyng houses, and eke smoke, + And chidyng wyves maken men to flee + Out of her owne houses. Ah, benedicite! + What ayleth suche an olde man for to chide?" + +But the Wife of Bath does not quote Solomon for the proverb, as we find +him referred to on p. 20. Again, in a subsequent stanza, p. 21, we are +strongly reminded of the lines where the Wife of Bath thus describes her +conduct after she had married her fifth husband:-- + + "Therfore made I my visytations + To vigilles, and to processyons, + To preachyng eke, and to pilgrymages, + To playes of myracles, and to mariages, + And weared on my gay skarlet gytes." + +The main difference is that instead of saying, with Chaucer, that women +frequent "playes of myracles," the author of the ensuing tract tells us +that they delight "on scaffoldes to sytte on high stages," from whence +they usually beheld such performances. Throughout, the writer seems to +have had our great early poet more or less in his eye, and hence we may +possibly conclude, that if the two other pieces on the same subject were +translations, this was original. It, therefore, deserves the more +attention. + + + + +The Payne and Sorowe of Evyll Maryage. + + + + +THE PAYNE AND SOROWE OF EVYLL MARYAGE. + + + Take hede and lerne, thou lytell chylde, and se + That tyme passed wyl not agayne retourne, + And in thy youthe unto vertues use the: + Lette in thy brest no maner vyce sojourne, + That in thyne age thou have no cause to mourne + For tyme lost, nor for defaute of wytte: + Thynke on this lesson, and in thy mynde it shytte. + + Glory unto god, lovynge and benyson + To Peter and Johan and also to Laurence, + Whiche have me take under proteccyon + From the deluge of mortall pestylence, + And from the tempest of deedly vyolence, + And me preserve that I fall not in the rage + Under the bonde and yocke of maryage. + + I was in purpose to have taken a wyfe, + And for to have wedded without avysednes + A full fayre mayde, with her to lede my lyfe, + Whome that I loved of hasty wylfulnes, + With other fooles to have lyved in dystresse, + As some gave me counseyle, and began me to constrayn + To have be partable of theyr woofull payne. + + They laye upon me, and hasted me full sore, + And gave me counseyle for to have be bounde, + And began to prayse eche daye more and more + The woofull lyfe in whiche they dyd habounde, + And were besy my gladnes to confounde, + Themselfe rejoysynge, bothe at even and morowe, + To have a felowe to lyve with them in sorowe. + + But of his grace god hath me preserved + By the wyse counseyle of these aungelles thre: + From hell gates they have my lyfe conserved + In tyme of warre, whan lovers lusty, + And bryght Phebus was fresshest unto se + In Gemynys, the lusty and glad season, + Whan to wedde caught fyrst occasyon. + + My joye was sette in especyall + To have wedded one excellent in fayrnes, + And thrugh her beaute have made my selfe thrall + Under the yocke of everlastynge dystresse; + But god alonely of his high goodnes + Hath by an aungell, as ye have herde me tell, + Stopped my passage from that peryllous hell. + + Amonge these aungelles, that were in nombre thre, + There appered one out of the southe, + Whiche spake fyrst of all the trynyte + All of one sentence, the mater is full couthe; + And he was called Johan with the golden mouthe, + Which concluded by sentence full notable, + Wyves of custome ben gladly varyable. + + After this Johan, the story sayth also, + In confyrmacyon of theyr fragylyte, + How that Peter, called acorbylio, + Affermeth playnly, how that wyves be + Dyverse of herte, full of duplycyte, + Mayterfull, hasty, and eke proude, + Crabbed of langage whan they lyst crye aloude. + + Who taketh a wyfe receyveth a great charge, + In whiche he is full lyke to have a fall: + With tempest tossed, as is a besy barge; + There he was fre he maketh hymselfe thrall. + Wyves of porte ben full imperyall, + Husbandes dare not theyr lustes gaynsaye, + But lovely please and mekely them obaye. + + The husbandes ever abydeth in travayle; + One labour passed there cometh an other newe, + And every daye she begynneth a batayle, + And in complaynynge chaungeth chere and hewe. + Under suche falsnes she fayneth to be true; + She maketh hym rude as is a dull asse, + Out of whose daunger impossyble is to passe. + + Thus wedlocke is an endlesse penaunce, + Husbandes knowe that have experyence, + A martyrdom and a contynuaunce + In sorowe everlastynge, a deedly vyolence; + And this of wyves is gladly the sentence + Upon theyr husbandes, whan they lyst to be bolde, + How they alone governeth the housholde. + + And yf her husbande happen for to thryve, + She sayth it is her prudent purveyaunce: + If they go abacke ayenwarde and unthryve, + She sayth it is his mysgovernaunce. + He bereth the blame of all suche ordynaunce; + And yf they be poore and fall in dystresse, + She sayth it is his foly and lewdnesse. + + And yf so be he be no werkman good, + It may well happe he shall have an horne, + A large bone to stuffe with his hood; + A mowe behynde, and fayned cheere beforne: + And yf it fall that theyr good be lorne + By aventure, eyther at even or morowe, + The sely husbande shall have all the sorowe. + + An husbande hath greate cause to care + For wyfe, for chylde, for stuffe and meyne, + And yf ought lacke she wyll bothe swere and stare, + He is a wastour and shall never the: + And Salomon sayth there be thynges thre, + Shrewde wyves, rayne, and smokes blake + Make husbandes ofte theyr houses to forsake. + + Wyves be beestes very unchaungeable + In theyr desyres, whiche may not staunched be, + Lyke a swalowe whiche is insacyable: + Peryllous caryage in the trouble see; + A wawe calme full of adversyte, + Whose blandysshynge endeth with myschaunce, + Called Cyrenes, ever full of varyaunce. + + They them rejoyce to se and to be sene, + And for to seke sondrye pylgrymages, + At greate gaderynges to walke on the grene, + And on scaffoldes to sytte on hygh stages, + If they be fayre to shewe theyr vysages; + And yf they be foule of loke or countenaunce, + They it amende with pleasynge dalyaunce. + + And of profyte they take but lytell hede, + But loketh soure whan theyr husbandes ayleth ought; + And of good mete and drynke they wyll not fayle in dede, + What so ever it cost they care ryght nought; + Nor they care not how dere it be bought, + Rather than they should therof lacke or mysse, + They wolde leever laye some pledge ywys. + + It is trewe, I tell you yonge men everychone, + Women be varyable and love many wordes and stryfe: + Who can not appease them lyghtly or anone, + Shall have care and sorowe all his lyfe, + That woo the tyme that ever he toke a wyfe; + And wyll take thought, and often muse + How he myght fynde the maner his wyfe to refuse. + + But that maner with trouth can not be founde, + Therfore be wyse or ye come in the snare, + Or er ye take the waye of that bounde; + For and ye come there your joye is tourned unto care, + And remedy is there none, so may I fare, + But to take pacyens and thynke none other way aboute; + Than shall ye dye a martyr without ony doute. + + Therfore, you men that wedded be, + Do nothynge agaynst the pleasure of your wyfe, + Than shall you lyve the more meryly, + And often cause her to lyve withouten stryfe; + Without thou art unhappy unto an evyll lyfe, + Than, yf she than wyll be no better, + Set her upon a lelande and bydde the devyll fet her. + + Therfore thynke moche and saye nought, + And thanke God of his goodnesse, + And prece not for to knowe all her thought, + For than shalte thou not knowe, as I gesse, + Without it be of her own gentylnesse, + And that is as moche as a man may put in his eye, + For, yf she lyst, of thy wordes she careth not a flye. + + And to conclude shortly upon reason, + To speke of wedlocke of fooles that be blente, + There is no greter grefe nor feller poyson, + Nor none so dredeful peryllous serpent, + As is a wyfe double of her entent. + Therfore let yonge men to eschew sorowe and care + Withdrawe theyr fete or they come in the snare. + + +FINIS. + + +Here endeth the payne and sorowe of evyll maryage. Imprynted at London +in Fletestrete at the signe of the Sonne, by me Wynkyn de Worde. + + +C. RICHARDS, PRINTER, 100, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, CHARING CROSS. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Pain and Sorrow of Evil Marriage, by +Wynkyn de Worde + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PAIN AND SORROW OF EVIL MARRIAGE *** + +***** This file should be named 32445.txt or 32445.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/4/32445/ + +Produced by Irma Spehar and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was +produced from images generously made available by The +Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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