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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and
+Instruction, No. 365, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction, No. 365
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: July 10, 2004 [EBook #3246]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MIRROR OF LITERATURE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jonathan Ingram and PG Distributed Proofreaders
+
+
+
+
+THE MIRROR OF LITERATURE, AMUSEMENT, AND INSTRUCTION.
+
+VOL. XIII, No. 365.] SATURDAY, APRIL 11, 1829. [PRICE. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+OLD SOMERSET HOUSE.
+
+[Illustration: OLD SOMERSET HOUSE.]
+
+
+The Engraving on the annexed page is, perhaps, one of the greatest
+antiquarian treasures it has for some time been our good fortune to
+introduce to the readers of the MIRROR. It represents the original
+SOMERSET HOUSE, which derived its name from Edward Seymour, Duke of
+Somerset, maternal uncle to Edward VI., and Protector of the realm during
+most of the reign of that youthful sovereign. The time at which this
+nobleman commenced his magnificent palace (called _Somerset House_) has
+been generally faxed at the year 1549; but that he had a residence on
+this spot still earlier, is evident from two of his own letters, as well
+as from his "cofferer's" account, which states that from April 1, 1548,
+to October 7, 1551, "the entire cost of Somerset House, up to that
+period, amounted to 10,091l. 9s. 2d." By comparing this sum with
+the value of money in the present day, we may form some idea of the
+splendour of the Protector's palace, as well as from Stow, who, in his
+"Survaie," second edition, published in 1603, styles it "a large and
+beautiful house, but yet unfinished." The architect is supposed to have
+been John of Padua, who came to England in the reign of Henry VIII.--this
+being one of the first buildings designed from the Italian orders that
+was ever erected in this kingdom. Stow tells us there were several
+buildings pulled down to make room for this splendid structure, among
+which he enumerates the original parish church of St. Mary-le-Strand;
+Chester's or Strand Inne; a house belonging to the Bishop of Llandaff;
+"in the high street a fayre bridge, called _Strand Bridge_, and under it
+a lane or waye, down to the landing-place on the banke of Thames;" and
+the _Inne_ or London lodging of the Bishop of Chester and the Bishop of
+Worcester. Seymour states, that the site of St. Mary's church became a
+part of the garden of Somerset House; and that when the Protector pulled
+down the old church, he promised to build a new one for the parishioners,
+but his death prevented his fulfilling that engagement. The Strand Bridge
+formed part of the public highway; and through it, according to Maitland,
+"ran a small watercourse from the fields, which, gliding along a lane
+below, had its influx to the Thames near Somerset Stairs."[1]
+
+   [1] The present _Strand Lane_ (as it would seem to have been called in
+       Strype's time) skirts the eastern side of Somerset House, and forms
+       a boundary between the parishes of St. Mary and St. Clement Danes.
+       At its stairs, which are still, as formerly, "a place of some note
+       to take water at," is the outlet of a small underground stream.
+
+Besides the places above mentioned, the palace-building Protector pulled
+down part of the Priory church of St. John, Clerkenwell, a chapel and
+cloisters near St. Paul's cathedral, for the sake of the materials. He
+was, however, soon overtaken by justice, for in the proclamation, October
+8, 1549, against the Duke of Somerset, previously to his arrest, he is
+charged with "enriching himselfe," and building "sumptuous and faire
+houses," during "all times of the wars in France and Scotland, leaving
+the king's poore soldiers unpaid of their wages." After the attainder and
+execution of the Protector, on Tower Hill, January 22, 1552-3, Somerset
+Place devolved to the Crown, and was conferred by the king upon his
+sister, the Princess Elizabeth, who resided here during her short visit
+to the court in the reign of Queen Mary. Elizabeth, after her succession
+to the throne, lent Somerset Place to Lord Hunsdon, (her chamberlain,)
+whose guest she occasionally became. He died here in 1596. On the death
+of Elizabeth, it appears to have become a jointure-house, or dotarial
+palace, of the queens' consort; of whom Anne of Denmark, queen of James
+I. kept a splendid court here. Arthur Wilson, in his "History of King
+James," generally calls this mansion "the queen's palace in the Strand;"
+but it was more commonly called Denmark House; and Strype says that by
+the queen "this house was much repaired and beautified, and improved by
+new buildings and enlargements. She also brought hither water from Hyde
+Park in pipes." Dr. Fuller remarks that this edifice was so tenacious of
+the name of the Duke of Somerset, "though he was not full five years
+possessor of it, that he would not change a duchy for a kingdom, when
+solemnly proclaimed by King James, Denmark House, from the king of
+Denmark lodging therein, and his sister, Queen Anne, repairing thereof."
+
+Pennant says, "Inigo Jones[2] built the back-front and water-gate about
+the year 1623;" but it may be questioned whether these were not the new
+buildings spoken of as having been previously raised by Anne of Denmark.
+Pennant likewise speaks of the chapel which was begun by Jones in the
+same year.
+
+    [2] Inigo Jones died at Somerset House, July 21, 1651.
+
+Denmark House was next fitted up for Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles
+I., and settled on her for life. By her marriage articles, extraordinary
+concessions were made in favour of the Catholics. The queen was not only
+allowed to have, herself, the free exercise of the "Roman Catholic
+Apostolic religion," but all her children were to be brought up in the
+same faith; she was to have a chapel in all the royal palaces; a bishop
+of her own faith was to be her almoner; twenty-eight priests, or
+ecclesiastics, were to serve in her chapel; the domestics of her
+household were to be French Catholics, &c. Thus, this mansion became the
+very focus of Catholicism, and a convent of Capuchin friars was
+established here by the queen. At length, in 1642, it was ordered by the
+Parliament that "the altar and chapel in _Somerset House_ be forthwith
+burnt," and that the Capuchins be "sent into France."
+
+In 1659, the Commons resolved that Somerset House, with all its
+appurtenances, should be sold for the partial discharge of the great
+arrears due to the army; and Ludlow states, that it was sold for
+10,000l. except the chapel; but the restoration of King Charles
+prevented the agreement from being fulfilled.
+
+This mansion was frequently used for the state reception of the remains
+of deceased persons of high rank previously to their interment. The
+Protector, Oliver Cromwell, was laid in state here; and Ludlow states,
+that the folly and profusion of this display so provoked the people, that
+they "threw dirt, in the night, on his escutcheon, that was placed over
+the great gate of Somerset House." After the restoration of Charles II.
+Somerset House reverted to the queen dowager, who returned to England in
+1660; went back to France, but returning in 1662, she took up her
+residence at Somerset House; when Cowley and Waller wrote some courtly
+verses in honour of this edifice, the latter complimenting the queen with
+Somerset House rising at her command, "like the _first creation_."
+
+In 1670, the remains of Monck, Duke of Albemarle, were laid here "for
+many weeks in royal state." For several years subsequently to this period
+the mansion was but little occupied; but in 1677, the Prince of Orange,
+afterwards William III., resided here for a short period prior to his
+marriage. In 1678, Somerset House became the reputed, if not the real
+scene of the mysterious murder of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, which is
+attributed to the Papists connected with the chapel establishment of
+Catherine of Braganza, queen of Charles II.; to whom this mansion was
+destined, contingently, as a jointure-house, and who was occasionally
+lodged here when Charles's gallantries had rendered it incompatible for
+her to be at Whitehall. On the king's decease, in 1685, she removed
+hither entirely, and kept her court here till 1692, when she departed for
+Portugal, leaving her palace to the Earl of Faversham, who continued to
+inhabit it till after the decease of the queen dowager in 1705.
+
+From a description about 1720, we learn that "the stately piles of new
+brick houses on both sides of Somerset House, much eclipse that palace."
+At the entrance from the Strand, "is a spacious square court, garnished
+on all sides with rows of freestone buildings, and at the front is a
+piazza, with stone pillars, and a pavement of freestone. Besides this
+court there are other larger ones, which are descended towards the river
+by spacious stairs of freestone. The outward beauty of this court appears
+by a view from the water, having a good front, and a most pleasant
+garden, which runs to the water side. More westward is a large yard
+adjoining to the Savoy, made use of for a coach-house and stables; at the
+bottom of which are stairs, much used by watermen, this being a noted
+place for landing and taking water at." The water gate was ornamented
+with the figures of Thames and Isis, and in the centre of the
+water-garden was a statue. The principal garden was a kind of raised
+terrace, (ascended by steps from the water side) in which there was a
+large basin, once dignified with a fountain. The ground was laid out in
+parterres, near the angles of which statues were placed; one of them, a
+Mercury, in brass, had been appraised, in 1649, at 500l.
+
+In the early part of the last century, Somerset House was occasionally
+appropriated to masquerades and other court entertainments. In the reign
+of George II. William, Prince of Orange, resided here a short time; and
+in 1764, the hereditary Prince of Brunswick became an inmate, prior to
+his nuptials with the Princess Augusta, sister to George III. In April,
+1763, a splendid fete was given here to the Venetian ambassadors, who
+were entertained several days in this mansion.
+
+In the year 1761, the second of his late majesty, Somerset House was
+settled on the queen consort, in the event of her surviving the king; but
+in April, 1775, in consequence of a royal message to Parliament, it was
+resolved, that "Buckingham House, now called the Queen's House," should
+be settled on her majesty in lieu of the former, which was to be vested
+in the king, his heirs and successors, "for the purpose of erecting and
+establishing certain public offices." An act was consequently passed in
+the same year, and shortly afterwards the building of the present stately
+pile was commenced under the superintendence of the late Sir William
+Chambers. Extensive, however, as the buildings are, the original plan
+has never been fully executed, and the eastern side is altogether
+unfinished. The splendour of the building is, however, shortly to be
+completed by the erection of another wing, to be appropriated as the
+King's College; and surveys have already been made for this purpose.
+
+The print represents the original mansion, or, we should rather say, city
+of mansions, with its monastic chapel, and geometrical gardens, laid out
+in the trim style of our forefathers. The suite of state apartments in
+the principal front was very splendid, and previously to their being
+dismantled by Sir William Chambers, they exhibited a sorry scene of royal
+finery and attic taste. Mouldering walls and decayed furniture, broken
+casements, falling roofs, and long ranges of uninhabited and
+uninhabitable apartments, winding stairs, dark galleries, and long
+arcades--all combined to present to the mind in strong, though gloomy
+colours, a correct picture of the transitory nature of sublunary
+splendour.
+
+In the distance of the print is the celebrated Strand maypole, although
+its situation there does not coincide with that marked out in more recent
+prints. The original of our Engraving is a scarce print, by Hollar, who
+died in 1677.
+
+In the year 1650, an act was passed for the sale of the "honours, manors,
+and lands heretofore belonging to the late king, queen, and prince," for
+the payment of the army; and under that act were sold several tenements,
+&c. "belonging unto Somerset House." In this list were several signs, and
+it is remarkable, that the _Red Lion_, (opposite the _Office of the
+Mirror_, and at the corner of Catherine-street, in the Strand) is the
+only one which now remains. The _Lion_ may still be seen on the front of
+the house. The Red Lion wine vaults, three doors from this corner was
+probably named from the above, since nearly every house formerly had its
+sign.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+JERUSALEM.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+  City of God--thy palaces o'erthrown--
+  Thy nation branded--tribes o'er earth dispersed:
+  Thy temple ruin'd, and thy glory fled,--
+  Speak of thy impious crimes, thy daring guilt,
+  And tell a tale whose lines are traced in blood.
+
+               No more from hence ascends
+  The sacrificial smoke; the priest no more
+  Sheds blood of lambs, to expiate thy crimes--
+  Crimes foul as hell--crimes which the blood of Him,
+  Who came from heaven to die for guilty man,
+  Alone could purge,--and innocence impart.
+  Here holy David tuned his harp to strains
+  Sublime as those of angels, when he sung
+  In dulcet melody the praise of Him
+  Who should redeem from guilt the sons of man,
+  And rescue who in Him believed from death--
+  That second death--of which the first is type.
+  Here lived--here died--whom prophets long foretold,
+  Whom angels worship and whom seraphs praise,
+  The Son of God, mysterious God-Man:
+  He was rejected by the Jew; and here--
+  To fill the awful measure of their guilt--
+  At noon, a deed was done, without a peer;
+  A deed, unequalled since the world began,
+  The masterpiece of sin, of crime the chief;
+  At which the sun grew dark, earth's pillars shook,
+  Chaotic gloom as erst o'erspread the land,
+  And nature frowned at insults paid her God--
+  The crucifixion of His only Son.
+
+    Here now the banner of the prophet false,
+  Unfolds its silken folds to taunt the Jew;
+  The moslem minarets lift high their heads.
+  And raise their summits in the placid sky--
+  As tho' to rouse from his deep lethargy
+  The hardened Jew; to wrest from Paynim hordes
+  The Holy City, once the abode of God.
+
+    But shall Mohammed's banner ever float
+  On Salem's ruins? Shaft her sacred dust
+  Where Christ has shed His blood, by infidels
+  Be ever trodden down? Shall her temple
+  Prostrate lie, to cause the impious mock
+  Of Mussulmen for ever? It may not be.
+  Ere many years wane in eternity,
+  That banner shall be plucked from its proud height--
+  Those tow'ring minarets shall fall to earth
+  And God again be worshipp'd thro' the land.
+  David's fair city shall be then rebuilt;
+  Her pristine beauty shall be far surpassed
+  By more than mortal splendour; her temple
+  Point high its turrets to the skies--and He,
+  The God of Hosts with glory fill the place!
+
+S.J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+PARLIAMENTS, ANCIENT AND MODERN.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+Chamberlayne in his _Notitia Angliae_, says, "Before the conquest, the
+great council of the king, consisting only of the great men of the
+kingdom, was called _Magnatum Conventus_, or else _Praelatorum Procerumque
+Concilium_, and by the Saxons in their own tongue _Micel Gemote_,[3] the
+great assembly; after the conquest about the beginning of King Edward I.,
+some say in the time of Henry I., it was called by the French word
+_Parlementum_, from _Parler_, to talk together; still consisting (as
+divers authors affirm) only of the great men of the nation, until the
+reign of Henry III. when the commons also were called to sit in
+parliament; for divers authors presume to say, the first writs to be
+found in records, sent forth to them, bear date 49 Henry III. Yet some
+antiquaries are of opinion, that long before, nothing of moment wherein
+the lives or estates of the common people of England were concerned, ever
+passed without their consent."
+
+    [3] Or Wittenagemote, i.e. assembly of wise men.
+
+In Edward the Third's time, an act of parliament, made in the reign of
+William the Conqueror, was pleaded in the case of the Abbey of St.
+Edmund's Bury, and judicially allowed by the court. Hence it appears that
+parliaments or general councils are coeval with the kingdom itself.
+
+Sir Walter Raleigh thinks the Commons were first called on the 17th of
+Henry I.
+
+_Parliamentum de la Blande_, was a denomination to a parliament in Edward
+the Second's time, whereto the barons came armed against the two
+Spencers, with coloured bands on their sleeves for distinction.
+
+_Parliamentum Insanum_, was a parliament held at Oxford, anno 41 Henry
+III. so called, because the lords came with great retinues of armed men
+to it; and many things were violently transacted therein against the
+king's prerogative.
+
+_Parliamentum Indoctorum_, was a parliament held at Coventry, 6th Henry
+VI. whereunto by special precept to the sheriffs of the several counties,
+no lawyer, or person skilled in the law was to be called.
+
+_Parliamentum Diabolicum_, was a parliament held at Coventry, 38th Henry
+VI. wherein Edward, Earl of March (afterwards king) and several others
+were attainted. The acts passed therein were annulled in the succeeding
+parliament.
+
+"In 1524, April 15, (says Stowe) a parliament was begun at the Blacke
+Friers, wherein was demanded a subsidy of L800,000. to be raised of goods
+and lands, four shillings in every pound; and in the end was granted two
+shillings. This parliament was adjourned to Westminster, among the blacke
+monks, and ended in the king's palace there the 14th of August, at nine
+of the clocke in the night, and was therefore called the _Blacke
+Parliament_."
+
+Parliaments formerly sat in Westminster Hall and the Chapter house. "In
+1397, (says Pennant) when in the reign of Richard II. the hall was
+extremely ruinous, he built a temporary room for his parliament formed
+with wood, covered with tiles. It was open on all sides, that the
+constituents might see every thing that was said and done; and to secure
+freedom of debate, he surrounded the house with 4,000 Cheshire archers,
+with bows bent, and arrows knocked ready to shoot. This fully answered
+the intent, for every sacrifice was made to the royal presence."
+
+The place where the commons of Great Britain, now hold their assemblies,
+was built by king Stephen, and dedicated to his namesake the
+proto-martyr. It was beautifully rebuilt by Edward III. in 1347, and by
+him made a collegiate church, and a dean and twelve secular priests
+appointed. Soon after its surrender to Edward VI. it was applied to its
+present use. The revenues at that period were not less than L1,085 a
+year.
+
+When the royal assent (says de Lolme) is given to a public bill, the
+clerk says, _le Roy le veut_. If the bill be a private one, he says,
+_soit fait comme il est desire_. If the bill has subsidies for its
+objects, he says, _le Roy remercie ses loyaux sujets, accepte leur
+benevolence ainsi le veut_. Lastly, if the King does not think proper to
+assent to the bill, the clerk says, _le Roy s'en avisera_; which is a
+mild way of giving a refusal. This custom was introduced at the conquest,
+and has been continued, like other matters of form, which sometimes exist
+for ages after the real substance of things has been altered; and judge
+Blackstone expresses himself on this subject in the following words:--"A
+badge, it must be owned, (now the only one remaining) of conquest; and
+which one would wish to see fall into total oblivion, unless it be
+reserved as a solemn memento to remind us that our liberties are mortal,
+having once been destroyed by a foreign power." (De Lolme.) Under the
+walls of the _legal_ parliament, there is held an _illegal_ parliament,
+composed of _livery_ men, who assemble in the members' servants
+waiting-room. Every year, a speaker or chairman is chosen, and each
+member addresses the other by the title his master bears. In case of
+disputes, &c., the speaker (who sits in an elevated chair) decides, and
+if there is any unparliamentary conduct, the party is fined.
+
+This _ground_ parliament has powers peculiar to itself, and never
+interferes with the _upper_ parliament under the same roof, its powers
+not being so great as the "_Senatus populusque Romanus_." It is an annual
+parliament, but does not extend to universal suffrage. The members vacate
+their _seats_ or _stands_, when discharged by their masters in the
+_upper_, or legal parliament. This parliament prints no journals, its
+_acts_ not extending beyond the room, except when the _Irish members turn
+out_ in palace yard. N.B. No member can be admitted till the fees are
+paid. For further information relating to this self-elected parliament,
+see the rules and regulations over the mantelpiece in the room.
+
+P.T.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE COLOSSEUM.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+The legitimate name of Mr. Hornor's colossal edifice in the Regent's
+Park, we believe, was first set forth as the Gyrorama, Girorama,
+Panopticon, or General View. The Catholic Church of Berlin, although
+diminutive in proportion to the Marylebone wonder, is, with the solitary
+exception of the Pantheon at Rome, the only structure, perhaps, that
+bears any resemblance to it in form and feature.
+
+The porch, or, more properly speaking, the oropylaion, or
+fore-temple, is about the height of our Pantheon facade in Oxford Street;
+and the apex of the dome may probably correspond in elevation with the
+roof of that building. The whole effect, however, when viewed from the
+great square in front of the opera house at Berlin, is extremely
+pleasing; and, associating itself by general outline with the ideas of
+the grand prototype of the eternal city, derives a degree of importance
+which a minuter inspection would not confer. There are numerous churches
+in Berlin, but three only which lay claim to particular notice, St.
+Nicolas, the French Church, (standing on one side of the above mentioned
+square) and the Catholic Church. The architecture of these is not pure in
+any single instance; it having been the prevailing taste of the period
+when they were erected to over-charge the building with ornament, and
+substitute one or more gorgeous embellishments as appendages to the
+design, for that chaste and elegant simplicity which is so essential a
+part of grandeur. Accordingly we find several of the largest
+ecclesiastical edifices, the site and contour of which would otherwise
+entitle them to distinction, disfigured by some overpowering
+frontispizio, and presenting a complication of decorative details which
+distort the outline, and, in spite of toilsome and finished sculpture,
+mar the truth and elegance of classic design.
+
+There are seven doors surmounted by tablets of tolerably good sculpture
+from scriptural history, five in the front and two at the sides of the
+porch, the pediment of which rests on six columns of the Ionic order, and
+is enriched by alto relievos, illustrative of our Saviour's ministry, as
+also by marble statues representing the Virtues, &c. The entablature
+bears an inscription relative to the occasion and date of this building
+being erected in the last century. The interior is plain, and more
+conspicuous for an accumulation of dirt and dust (a very common
+characteristic of Berlin) than of ornament; the four-and-twenty
+Corinthian columns, however, which contribute their support to the dome
+are imposing in their appearance. The high altar and sacristy are
+constructed in a recess formed by the annexation of a small chancel to
+the rotunda. This church, built of freestone, stands in an angle of the
+Place des Gens d' Armes, immediately behind the great Salle des
+Spectacles (schauspielhaus) or theatre, in one of the finest squares of
+Berlin. With the exception of a few small chapels, it is the only
+Catholic place of worship in that city, the religion of Prussia being
+chiefly Lutheran.
+
+J.R.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+HOGARTH.
+
+_(For the Mirror.)_
+
+
+An interesting discovery of paintings by Hogarth, viz. "The Modern
+Midnight Conversation," and the "Hudson's Bay Company's Porters going to
+Dinner," was made about three years' ago, upon the demolition of the old
+Elephant public-house, Fenchurch-street.[4] The pictures were the
+undoubted productions of Hogarth, something more than one hundred years
+since, at which time he lodged there. The house was known as the Elephant
+and Castle, where it had been customary for the parochial authorities to
+have an entertainment, the celebration of which, from some cause, was
+unexpectedly removed to Harry the Eighth's head, opposite, and still in
+the same line of business. This removal being mentioned to our artist on
+his return home at night, irritated him not a little, at what he
+considered the neglect with which he had been treated in not being
+invited as formerly. He therefore went over to the King's Head, where
+some discussion took place, which it is supposed was not very amicable,
+as he left them (as the clock indicates, at past four in the morning,)
+threatening to stick them all up on the walls of the tap-room in the
+Elephant and Castle, which, as an eminent modern artist said, most
+emphatically, upon his first seeing the picture after it had been removed
+and placed on canvass,--Hogarth had done _Con Amore_.
+
+    [4] Of this house, we have given an accurate Engraving at page 8
+        in the present volume.
+
+The proposition being made to the host, he agreed to wipe out Hogarth's
+score upon his completing the picture, which attracted much company; so
+that, although the house lost the dinner party, it gained by persons
+coming to see the parochial authorities _stuck up on the walls_. Some
+time after, the score again raised its head, when mine host, for the
+purpose of clearing it off, and to make the tap-room more uniform,
+proposed to Hogarth the subject of the Hudson's Bay Company's porters
+going to dinner; they at that time, as they still do, frequenting the
+house. This picture represents Fenchurch-street as it appeared more than
+a century ago, with the old Magpie and Punch Bowl public-house in the
+distance, which house has not long since been taken down. The Elephant
+public-house was taken down and rebuilt in 1826, and is now occupied by
+Mrs. Eaton, in whose family the business has been for more than a hundred
+years, and from whom these particulars have been obtained. The first
+named picture is considered to be the original from which Hogarth
+afterwards painted the one known as the "Modern Midnight Conversation,"
+in which there are one or two figures less than in the original. Orator
+Henley and the other principal characters, occupy the same situation in
+both performances.
+
+Mr. Soane, the architect, upon hearing of the present condition of the
+pictures, said, that he in early life, while at Rome, knew that various
+attempts had been made for the purpose of removing oil paintings from
+walls, but without success, and expressed himself highly gratified at the
+result of the exertions of the persons who bought and removed them at no
+small risk and expense, viz. Mr. Lyon, 5, Apollo-buildings, East-street,
+Walworth, and Mr. H.E. Hall, a Leicestershire gentleman of great
+ingenuity; who have placed them for sale in the gallery of Mr. Penny, in
+Pall Mall.
+
+A CONSTANT READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+OLD POETS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AMBITION.
+
+
+  Ambition is a vulture vile,
+  That feedeth on the heart of pride,
+  And finds no rest, when all is tried,
+  For worlds cannot confine the one
+  Th' other lists and bounds hath none
+  And both subvert the mind, the state,
+  Procure destruction, envy, hate.
+
+S. DANIELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAVEN.
+
+  In this great temple richly beautified,
+  Pav'd all with stars, dispers'd on Sapphire flower,
+  The clerk is a pure angel sanctified,
+  The Judge our High Messiah full of power,
+  The Apostles his assistants every hour,
+      The jury saints, the verdict innocent,
+      The sentence, come ye blessed to my tent.
+  The spear that pierc'd his side, the writing pen,
+  Christ's blood the ink, red ink for prince's name,
+  The vailes great breach, the miracles for men,
+  The sight is show of them that long dead came
+  From their old graves, restored to living fame.
+      And that last, signet passing all the rest,
+      Our souls discharg'd by _consummatum est_.
+  Here endless joy is their perpetual cheer
+  Their exercise, sweet songs of many parts.
+  Angels their choir, whose symphony to hear
+  Is able to provoke conceiving hearts
+  To misconceive of all enticing art
+      The ditty praise, the subject is the Lord,
+      That times their gladsome spirit to this accord.
+
+TH. STOKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DEATH.
+
+
+  Is't not God's deed whatever thing is done
+  In heaven and earth? Did not he all create
+  To die again? all ends that were begun;
+  Their times in his eternal books of fate
+  Are written sure, and have their certain date,
+  Who then can strive with strong necessity,
+  That holds the world in his still changing state?
+  Or shun the death ordain'd by destiny,
+  When hour of death is come, let none ask whence or why.
+
+SPENSER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+FRAUD.
+
+
+  Fraud showed in comely clothes a lovely look,
+  An humble cast of eye, a sober pace;
+  And so sweet speech, a man might her have took
+  For him that said "_Hail Mary full of grace;_"
+  But all the rest deformedly did look.
+  As full of filthiness and foul disgrace;
+  Hid under long, large garments that she wore,
+  Under the which, a poisoned knife she bore.
+
+SIR J. HARRINGTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+VIRTUE.
+
+  What one art thou thus in torn weeds yclad?
+  Virtue, in price, whom ancient sages had--
+  Why poorly clad? for fading goods past care--
+  Why double fac'd? I mark each fortunes rare;
+  This bridle, what? mind's rages to restrain--
+  Why bear you tools? I love to take great pain--
+  Why wings? I teach above the stars to fly--
+  Why tread your death? I only cannot die.
+
+WYAT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TEMPERANCE.
+
+
+  Of all God's works which doth this world adorn,
+  There is none more fair and excellent
+  Than is man's body, both for power and form,
+  Whilst it is kept in sober government,
+  But none than it more foul and indecent,
+  Distempered through misrules and passions base,
+  It grows a monster and incontinent,
+  Doth lose his dignity and native grace.
+
+SPENSER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PLEASURE.
+
+
+  Never have unjust pleasures been complete
+  In joys entire: but still fear kept the door.
+  And held back something from that hell of sweet,
+  To intersour unsure delights the more
+  For never did all circumstances meet
+  With those desires that were conceiv'd before,
+  Something must still be left to cheer our sin,
+  And give a touch of what should not have been.
+
+DANIELL.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MAN.
+
+  He that compar'd man's body to a host
+  Said that the hands were scouts discovering harms,
+  The feet were horsemen thundering on the coast,
+  The breast and stomach foemen, huge in swarms,
+  But for the head in sovereignty did boast,
+  It captain was, director of alarms,
+    Whose rashness if it hazarded any ill,
+    Not he alone, but all the host did spill.
+
+MARKHAM.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SOLITARINESS.
+
+
+  Sweet solitary life thou true repose,
+  Wherein the wise contemplate heaven aright,
+  In thee no dread of war or worldly foes,
+  In thee no pomp seduceth mortal sight.
+    In thee no wanton cares to win with words,
+    Nor lurking toys which silly life affords.
+
+D. LODGE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+REST.
+
+
+                   What so strong
+  But wanting rest, will also want of might?
+  The sun that measures heaven all day long,
+  At night doth bathe his steeds th' ocean waves among.
+
+SPENSER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WILL.
+
+
+  A stronger hand restrains our wilful powers.
+  A will must rule above the will of ours,
+  Not following what our vain desires do woo,
+  For virtue's sake, but what we only do.
+
+DRAYTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENT.
+
+
+  He only lives most happily
+  That's free and far from majesty--
+  Can live content although unknown--
+  He fearing none, none fearing him--
+  Meddling with nothing but his own--
+  While gazing eyes at crowns grow dim.
+
+KYD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Content feeds not on glory nor on pelf,
+  Content can be contented with herself.
+
+BASTARD.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+NOTES OF A READER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DERBY AND NOTTINGHAM.
+
+
+We trust we have consulted the profitable amusement of the reader, in
+condensing the following very interesting facts from the _Second Part of
+Sir Richard Phillips's Personal Tour through the United Kingdom_; since,
+as the author observes, "if the less active districts of the home
+counties afforded materials worthy of attention, the more industrious
+counties of DERBY and NOTTINGHAM are not less likely to add interest to
+the pen of an observer. In truth, the public spirit which more actively
+prevails in these counties, added facilities to inquiry; while the
+objects described have so many peculiar features, that a full and popular
+account of them must be as new to the nation at large as they were to the
+writer."
+
+_Derby._
+
+After passing a pleasant night and morning near Swarkeston, I drove eight
+miles, through a country of limestone and gypsum; of activity and great
+beauty, to the centrical and classical town of Derby. In position, it is
+the centre of the kingdom, not only geographically, but commercially.--It
+is forty miles within the manufacturing circle, passing southward, and
+from forty to sixty miles around, there is the most industrious space on
+the globe; while no one can think about Derby, without associating the
+names of Darwin, in poetry and philosophy; of Wright, in painting; and of
+the Strutts, as the patrons of all the useful and elegant arts. I entered
+Derby, therefore, with agreeable associations, and they have since been
+realized.
+
+Taken altogether, Derby is a medium town, between a manufacturing and a
+genteel one. This, in variety, is an advantage, for while the
+manufacturers are improved in manners, gentility is more substantial. It
+is neither wholly vulgar, like some places, nor poor and proud, like
+others. For its size, it is a rich town. I was told, there are five or
+six persons in it worth L100,000. and upwards, each, and as many more
+worth 30 or L40,000. In most country towns there are fewer such, but
+Derby is fortunate in its geographical and natural position, and in the
+prudence of its genius and industry.
+
+_Cotton Spinning_.
+
+I proceeded to Belper, eight miles, to view the superb establishment of
+the Messrs. Strutt, as cotton spinners. The excellent road, which
+continues to Matlock, and the north, lay through the most delightfully
+variegated country which I had seen since I left Hertfordshire. The
+village of Duffield, in a valley of the Derwent, with houses on the steep
+eastern bank, and woods to the top, is one of the prettiest to be seen.
+On crossing the river, I beheld long lines of cottages, built for the
+residence of the families employed in Messrs. Strutts' smaller factory at
+Melford. Passing this, the extensive but straggling and picturesque town
+of Belper, covered the eastern hill. What remains of the old town, is not
+a tithe of the present one, and the whole is now supported by Messrs.
+Strutts' gigantic mills.
+
+I approached these with mingled pleasure and astonishment. A manufactory,
+in such hands, presented none of the usual drawbacks on one's feelings.
+They never discharge their workmen; and good conduct is a life interest
+in comfort! The picturesque beauty of the situation, the height and
+extent of the buildings, and the increase of the busy throng, as I
+entered the yard, was exhilarating. The effect grew as I approached, for
+the distance of two or three hundred yards, the noise, produced by the
+united rattling of thousands of small wheels, was like the sound of a
+hail storm on a large sky-light, or the fall of an immense sheet of
+water.
+
+There are five oblong factories and two circular ones. The five are six
+stories high, with ten or twelve windows on each story, so that in the
+five there are, at least, as many regular windows as days in the year.
+The circular buildings have forty or fifty more.
+
+In this establishment, and at Melford, Messrs. Strutt employ, at present,
+about 1,300 hands of both sexes and different ages, and spin about 18
+tons, or 40,000 lbs. of cotton per week. The average fineness may be
+taken at 20 hanks to the pound, and hence, as each hank is 840 yards, or
+nearly half a mile, every pound is nearly ten miles, and the whole, about
+400,000 miles are produced in about sixty-six working hours. In round
+numbers, this is 6,000 miles per hour, or 100 miles a minute. What an
+astonishing effect of the combination of mechanism! What an inconceivable
+miracle, if it might not be witnessed by their favour at any time!
+
+Nor should it be forgotten, that every fibre passes through no less than
+ten sets of machinery, hence, the united spindles and threads travel
+through 1,000 miles a minute. The noise of their united frictions and
+collisions, and the united hum of thousands of little spindles, each
+revolving 4,000 times a minute, may, therefore, be accounted for, but can
+never be conceived, unless heard in the midst of them.
+
+It would be tedious to dwell on the well-known process of cotton
+spinning; but as this manufactory produces the cleanest and most perfect
+yarn made in England, of its numbers from 6 to 100, it may be worth while
+to state, that this perfection appears to arise, from the systematic
+perfection of all the machines, and from the astonishing cleanness of
+every part of this great factory. The wheels are as bright as the grate
+of a good housewife's drawing-room; every action is complete in its way,
+and though cotton is a dusty article, yet I no where saw either dirt or
+dust. At the same time, order prevails throughout, for as the main shaft
+gives no respite to the carding, roving, and spinning machines, so every
+attendant diligently and silently watches the lines of bobbins which are
+performing their miraculous evolutions, while the other apparatus are
+correcting and regulating the stages and steps of the production.
+
+The whole is turned by eight or nine water wheels, of about twenty-four
+feet diameter, and twenty feet in length. The fall is about twenty feet,
+and the admirable contrivances of revolving balls (adopted in the
+steam-engine) are affixed, to render the power uniform, by varying the
+depth of the falling stream. In truth, it is one of the features of the
+entire establishment, that all, that can be performed by machinery, is so
+performed, and that the machinery is the very best for its purpose, and
+in many instances which I witnessed, as true, as decided in its action.
+
+After the thread is wound into hanks, it is bleached at a distinct
+manufactory for that purpose; but as bleaching is a mere chemical
+operation, and the means are either known and not curious, or secret, and
+not proper to inquire about, I did not visit this branch of the
+establishment.
+
+The first of the works on this spot, was built by Mr. Jedediah Strutt,
+father of the brothers, William, George, and Joseph, about fifty years
+since. Arkwright invented the spinning machines, while a barber's
+apprentice. He was joined by one Need, and they expended L14,000. with
+uncertain success. Wright, the banker, of Nottingham, hesitated to make
+further advances, and, at this juncture, they were joined by Mr. Jedediah
+Strutt, a careful man, with the necessary credit or capital, and the
+result was, the realization of princely fortunes, and the enriching even
+the nation itself. On the expiration of their partnership, Arkwright went
+on by himself at Cromford, and the Strutts for themselves at Belper. A
+spirit of detraction would make it appear that Arkwright stole the
+invention of another, but Mr. William Strutt, who knew him well, and is a
+competent judge on such subjects, assured me that Arkwright was a man of
+very superior talents as a mechanic, and quite equal to such an
+invention. I saw two portraits of him in Mr. Strutt's house, and no
+higher proof could be given of his personal respect for Arkwright, while
+he never failed to speak of him with enthusiasm, as a man of original
+talents.
+
+_Derby Silk Trade_.
+
+Silk throwing is a considerable trade in Derby. Sir Thomas Lombe's famous
+machinery has not, however, been used for some years, but improved
+machinery, which performs twice the work, in less room, is now adopted.
+The chief throwsters are Messrs. Bridget, Taylor, Adcock, Butterworth,
+Moore and Gibson, Devenport and Forster. The silks, as imported, chiefly
+from Bengal and China, are in what are called books of 10 lb. of which
+ten form a bale, and the business of the throwster is to wind it, from
+the plats or skeins upon bobbins; and from these, it is twisted into two,
+three, or more threads. The price for throwing is from 1s. 9d. to
+2s. for Bengals, and from 2s. 9d. to 3s. per lb. for China. About
+1,500 lbs. a week are thrown, employing from 1,000 to 1,200 men, women,
+and children. The price used to be 4s. a lb. but a fall has taken
+place, within the last fifteen years, in this article of labour, as well
+as in every other.
+
+I heard much from all the manufacturers of Derby, of the mechanical
+ingenuity of Mr. James Fox, of Chester Road, on the banks of the Derwent.
+I paid him a visit, and beheld his powerful iron lathes, twenty-four feet
+long, used by machine makers for planing iron. Here I saw iron cut in
+groves or squared with great simplicity, by duly adjusting the velocity
+so as to generate no heat, for a velocity, which generates heat, destroys
+the tool. These lathes, Mr. Fox makes for machinists in all parts of the
+kingdom, and gets from L200. to L700. for them. The castings are made at
+Morley Park; and I was sorry to learn that they are now delivered at L7.
+a ton instead of L30. the usual and legitimate price. In truth, the
+depression of the iron trade is as great or greater than that of the
+other staples of the kingdom.
+
+The number of cotton frames employed by the above, is from 3,000 to 4,000
+dispersed over the town and country; and the number of silk frames is
+about 1,000. The average earnings of the cotton hands are from 7s. to
+10s. per week, but many frames are worked by young persons both male
+and female. The silk hands earn about 12s. or 15s.
+
+_Petrifaction Manufactory._
+
+A manufactory, at once local and elegant, exists at Derby, which excites
+the attention and loosens the purse-strings of most strangers. It is the
+spar-manufactory of Mr. Hall, and in it, he converts the petrified sports
+of nature, in the Derbyshire hills, into the luxuries of civil life.
+Those in London, who desire to see the products of these works, may
+behold them at Mawe's, in the Strand; but all, who visit Derby, will not
+fail to call upon Mr. Hall, who is as courteous as he is ingenious.
+Amythistine and other spars, white and variegated marble, alabaster, &c.
+are here formed in a series of workshops, aided by a steam engine, into
+vases, columns, obelisks, &c. &c. Tasteful statuaries are also employed,
+in converting the same materials into dogs, horses, sheep, cows, &c. for
+chimney ornaments; and Mr. Hall has likewise imitated the best vases, and
+some of the structures of Egypt, with exact transcripts of their
+inscriptions. In these works, in polishing, sawing, fashioning, &c. he
+employs numerous hands; and persons, whom he may indulge, with a view of
+the details, will be instructed and gratified.
+
+_The Arkwrights_.
+
+Cromford is an immense establishment; but being inferior in magnitude to
+Belper, and of the same description, I forbear to enlarge upon it. Here
+the late Sir Richard Arkwright established the first cotton-spinning
+mill, and from the poverty of a barber's apprentice, became one of the
+wealthiest merchants in the united kingdom. The concern is now carried on
+by his son, and I found that his work-people were in the same state of
+comfort, as those of the Messrs. Strutt.
+
+The present Mr. Arkwright, son of Sir Richard, is between seventy and
+eighty, and by the power of unparalleled capital and habits of frugality,
+he is considered the most wealthy person in Europe. I heard his
+accumulations estimated at six, eight, and even ten millions; and he
+spends but 2 or L3,000. per annum. He has eight children, and provides
+liberally for them, and I heard some anecdotes of his munificence to the
+deserving, but do not consider myself at liberty to repeat them. His
+habits lead him to continue in business, though the profits are now
+trifling. Those of his father and his own, formerly, were 2 or 300 per
+cent, but competition has now rendered them nearly nominal.
+
+_A Village Funeral_.
+
+At Ashford, my sympathy was strongly excited by the procession of a
+village funeral, in which the affections of the people seemed concerned.
+I found on inquiry, that the corpse was the wife of the schoolmaster,
+who, in her prime, and in the enjoyment of general esteem, had been cut
+off in childbirth. The clergyman headed the procession. The coffin was
+borne by eight females, in white hoods and scarfs, and was followed by
+the unhappy husband, who conferred great effect, in the display of his
+grief, by carrying in his arms two young children, the offspring of the
+deceased. A long train of mourners followed, and I question whether more
+tears are shed, or more sensibility exhausted, at funerals accompanied
+with heraldic pomp, than in this simple display of natural affection. I
+drew up my horse as the procession passed, and the affair threw a gloom
+over my spirits, in which it seemed as though the village at large
+partook. The funeral group, with the father and his children, and the
+sorrowful countenances of the well disposed population, would have made
+a beautiful subject for a sentimental painter.
+
+_Leicester, Derby, and Nottingham_.
+
+The present population of these triangular midland towns, are, Leicester,
+35,000; Derby, 22,000; and Nottingham, 50,000, in round numbers, and this
+adds sufficiently to the last population returns. The proportional
+comfort in each, respectively is 8, 10, and 5--the good taste, 6, 7, and
+4--the manners, 5, 8, and 4--the wealth, 4, 6, and 5--the style of the
+towns, 4, 8, and 2--the industry, 6, 5, and 8--the political spirit, 4,
+3, and 10--the religious fervour, 5, 4, and 10--the returns in trade, 5,
+6, and 10--the superfices, 6, 4, and 6--the poverty, 6, 2, and 10--the
+literature, 4, 5, and 4--the musical taste, 5, 3, and 2. Of course, in
+assigning these numbers, I may err in a fraction; but I make my
+determinations on my own observations and personal impressions, after
+diligently observing each place.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE FIRST AND LAST APPEARANCE.
+
+
+Mr. Henry Augustus Constantine Stubbs (or as he distinguished himself on
+his new visiting cards, H.A.C. Stubbs) had taken up his abode in one of
+the demi-fashionable squares, among judges, physicians, barristers, and
+merchants, at the north side of the metropolis. Being the only lawfully
+begotten issue of his father, when the frail Angelina made it impossible
+he should have any brothers and sisters, he succeeded, by will, to
+three-fourths of the late Mr. Jonathan Stubbs's property, and, by oxalic
+acid, to the remaining fourth;[5] the affair being too sudden to permit
+of any further testamentary dispositions, or of any of those benevolent
+codicils, which sometimes have the effect of tapering down primary
+bequests, like Prior's Emma, "fine by degrees and beautifully less." Upon
+a fair computation, after a few trifling legacies were paid, and all
+debts satisfied, young Mr. Stubbs might calculate his inheritance, in
+India stock, Bank stock, houses, canal shares, and exchequer bills, at
+nearly eighty thousand pounds.
+
+   [5] Mr. Jonathan Stubbs retired from business long before he reached
+       his grand climacteric, to his country house at Newington Butts,
+       with the solid dignity of at least half a plum. What length of
+       years might have been in store for him, if he had regularly taken
+       Dr. James's analeptic pills, it is impossible to say; but not doing
+       so, he had occasion to send the coachman one night for an ounce of
+       Epsom salts. They proved to be oxalic acid; and stomach-pumps not
+       being then in existence, there was an inevitable termination to the
+       existence of Mr. Stubbs. An "extraordinary sensation," as the
+       newspapers have it, was produced in Newington Butts by this
+       dreadful catastrophe.
+
+His education had not been neglected; that is to say, his father sent
+him, at nine years old, to one of those suburban seminaries for "_young
+gentlemen_," usually kept by elderly gentlemen, who know what it is to
+have been deprived of similar advantages in their own youth. They feel,
+therefore, a laudable gratification in enabling the rising generation to
+pluck some of that fruit from the tree of knowledge which they themselves
+never tasted at all. Here he remained till he was nearly seventeen; and
+here he acquired a little French, a little Greek, a little Latin, a
+little mathematics, a little logic, and a little geography, "with the use
+of the globes." In short, he brought away with him a little learning, for
+the obtaining of which his father had not paid a little money. He
+subsequently enlarged his Lilliputian stock of ideas, by assiduously
+prosecuting his studies at home, three days a-week, and three hours
+a-day, when he was attended by masters in elocution, Italian, boxing,
+fencing, and the other sciences. This eager cultivation of his mind he
+pursued till he was two and twenty, and then took his station in about
+the third degree of fashionable society, as a scholar and a man of taste.
+His father had determined he should be a _gentleman_, and therefore very
+properly guarded against the "anachronism," as he used to call it, of
+giving him a profession. It is believed, (at least it has been
+inculcated,) that there exists, in every human mind, a master, or ruling
+passion--a predominating inclination towards some particular object or
+pursuit. Mr. Henry Augustus Constantine Stubbs, was in this respect, as
+well as in many others, like the rest of his species. He had _his_ ruling
+passion, and, but that his father had made him a GENTLEMAN, he was sure
+nature had intended him for the Roscius of his age. From his earliest
+childhood, when he used to recite, during the Christmas holidays, "_Pity
+the sorrows of a poor old man_," and astonish his father's porter (who
+had a turn that way himself) with his knowing, _all by heart_, "My name
+is Norval, on the Grampian hills,"--to his more matured efforts of, "Most
+potent, grave, and reverend signiors," or, "My liege, I did deny no
+prisoners,"--the idea of being an actor had constantly fascinated his
+imagination.
+
+It was a natural consequence of this theatrical ardour, that Mr. Stubbs
+eagerly cultivated the acquaintance of tragedians, comedians, managers,
+and dramatic writers. It was his supreme delight to have them at his
+table; and as he kept a good table, gave good wines, and excelled in his
+_cuisine_, it was a delight he could command whenever he chose. He had
+the _entre_, also, of the green-room at both theatres, and acquired an
+intimate knowledge of all the feuds, rivalries, managerial oppressions,
+intrigues, burlesque dignity, and solemn plausibilities, of that mimic
+world. Living thus in an atmosphere electrical, as it were, with
+excitement, it is no wonder that, by degrees, he became less and less
+sensitive with regard to that ambiguous difficulty which had hitherto
+impeded the gratification nearest his heart.
+
+It happened one morning while Mr. Stubbs was sipping his chocolate and
+reading, in the Morning Post, a criticism upon a new tragedy which had
+been most righteously damned the night before, that his intimate friend
+Mr. Peaess, the manager of ---- theatre dropped in. After the usual
+salutations were exchanged, and Mr. Peaess had remarked that it was a
+fine morning, and Mr. Stubbs had added that it was a windy one, Mr.
+Stubbs fell into a brown study. His mind laboured with a gigantic
+purpose. It was a moment on which hung indescribable consequences.--Shall
+I? Will he? Yes!--yes!--And he did! He imparted to his friend, the
+manager, his resolution to make his FIRST APPEARANCE. He fixed upon
+Hamlet, chiefly because the character was so admirably diversified by
+Shakspeare, that it presented opportunities for the display of an equal
+diversity of talent in its representative.
+
+He made no secret of his intention among his friends, and one, in
+particular, was privy to his whole course of preparation. This was Mr.
+McCrab, a pungent little personage, whose occasional petulance and
+acrimony, however they might rankle and fester in more sensitive natures,
+were never known to curdle the bland consciousness of self-esteem which
+dwelt, like a perpetual spring, upon the mind of Mr. Stubbs. Mr. McCrab
+was himself an amateur actor; he had also written a tolerably successful
+comedy, as well as an unsuccessful tragedy; and he was, besides, a
+formidable critic, whose scalping strictures, in a weekly journal, were
+the terror of all authors and actors who were either unable or unwilling
+to dispense turtle and champagne.
+
+Mr. Stubbs, it should be mentioned, considered himself a profound reader
+of Shakspeare, and believed he had discovered many hitherto concealed
+beauties in the wonderful productions of that writer. He prided himself,
+too, upon the critical acumen and philosophical penetration with which he
+had elicited various qualities intended by the poet to belong to his
+characters; and he had often said if he had been an actor he should have
+established quite a new method of playing several of them. He was now
+about to become an actor, and he resolved, in his very first essay, to
+introduce one of his novelties, or new readings. What this was, will be
+best explained in the following conversation, which took place between
+himself and Mr. McCrab upon the subject.
+
+"Depend upon it, my dear McCrab," said Stubbs, taking down a volume of
+Shakspeare from his shelves, "depend upon it, I am borne out in my
+opinion, novel as it is, by the text of the immortal author himself; and
+I shall _stuff_ the character when I play it. I maintain Hamlet ought to
+be"----"A Falstaff in little, I suppose," interrupted McCrab. "No,"
+rejoined Stubbs, "he should not be exactly corpulent--but rather
+_embonpoint_, as the saying is--sleek--plumpish--in good condition as it
+were."
+
+"You talk of the text of Shakspeare as your authority," replied
+McCrab,--"I will appeal to the text too--and I will take the description
+of Hamlet by Ophelia, after her interview with him. What is her language?
+
+  'Oh what a noble mind is here o'erthrown!
+  The expectancy and rose of the fair state:
+  The _glass_ of _fashion_ and the _mould_ of _form_,
+  The _observed_ of all _observers_.'
+
+This eulogium paints in distinct colours what should be the personation
+of Hamlet on the stage. It demands, not a little fellow, five feet five,
+by three feet four, as you will be, if you _stuff_ the character as you
+call it, but rather what Hamlet himself describes his father to have
+been,
+
+  'A combination, and a form indeed.
+  Where every god did seem to set his seal,
+  To give the world assurance of a man.'"
+
+"Never mind my height," said Stubbs, elevating his head, and raising his
+chin an inch or two out of his neckcloth.--"Garrick, you know, was none
+so tall; and yet I fancy he was considered a tolerably good actor in his
+day. But you remember the lines of Charles Churchill,
+
+  'There are, who think the stature all in all,
+  Nor like a hero if he is not tall.
+  The feeling sense all other wants supplies--
+  I rate no actor's merit from his size.
+  Superior height requires superior grace,
+  And what's a giant with a vacant face?'"
+
+"Very true," answered McCrab, "and, to follow up your theory, were I
+asked, what is an actor? I should answer,
+
+  ''Tis he who gives my breast a thousand pains:
+  Can make me _feel_ each passion that he _feigns_;
+  Enrage, compose with more than magic art,--
+  With pity and with horror tear my heart.'
+
+But, come; let me hear your reasons for believing that Hamlet ought to be
+a portly gentleman. I see you are ready with them."
+
+"I am," said Stubbs, "and I'll bet the receipts of the house, on my first
+appearance, against those of your next comedy, that I convince you I am
+right before I have done. Now, mark,--or, as Horatio says,
+
+  'Season your admiration for awhile,
+  With an attent ear, till I may deliver,
+  Upon the witness of these same pages,
+  This marvel to you.'
+
+Ha! ha! that is apt," continued Mr. Stubbs, with a simper.
+
+"For God's love, let me hear," added McCrab--"I hope that's apt too."
+
+"If," said Mr. Stubbs, looking exceedingly grave, "if, I say, we take the
+first soliloquy of Hamlet--almost the first words he utters--we shall
+find a striking allusion to his habit of body; and not only shall we be
+struck by the allusion, but, I contend, the whole force and meaning of
+the passage are lost, unless the speaker can lay his hands upon a goodly
+paunch, as he exclaims,
+
+  'Oh! that this _too too solid flesh_ would melt.
+  Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew.'
+
+We are not to suppose Hamlet speaks metaphorically, but physically; and
+his corporeal appearance should be an illustration of his words. He is
+already weary of the world--he wishes to die--but 'the Everlasting has
+fixed his canon against _self_-slaughter,' and, therefore, he prays for
+natural dissolution, by any wasting disease, which may 'thaw' and
+dissolve his 'too too solid flesh.' This, perhaps, you will consider
+merely conjectural criticism: plausible, but not demonstrative. I own it
+has a higher character in my eyes; and, unless I am greatly mistaken,
+even the ghost of his own father glances at his adipose tendency, when he
+says,
+
+               'I find thee apt
+  But duller shouldst thou be than the fat weed
+  That roots itself in ease on Lethe's wharf,
+  Wouldst thou not stir in this.'
+
+That is, according to my reading, 'fat as thou art, thou wouldst be
+duller than the fat weed of Lethe if you did not bestir yourself in this
+business.' Observe, too, with what propriety Shakspeare has here employed
+the word 'stir,' it being a well-known fact that corpulent persons have a
+strong disinclination to locomotion. And Hamlet himself, (in his
+interview with _Rosencrantz_ and _Guildenstern_,) makes a pointed
+allusion to the indolence and lethargy which so commonly accompany
+obesity. 'I have of late,' he says, 'but wherefore I know not, _lost all
+my mirth_, foregone all _custom of exercises_, and, indeed, it goes so
+_heavily_ with my disposition,' &c. &c. Now what is this, I would fain
+know, if it be not the natural complaint of a man suffering under the
+oppression of too much flesh? or, as he afterwards expresses it, with
+another allusion to his fatness, 'to _grunt_ and _sweat_, under a weary
+life?' You have quoted the language of Ophelia in support of the common
+notions with regard to the personation of this character; but you forget
+the remarkable expression she uses when describing to her father the
+unexpected visit of 'Lord Hamlet,' while she was 'sewing in her closet:
+
+  'At last, a little shaking of mine arm,
+  And thrice his head thus waving up and down,
+  He raised a sigh so piteous and profound,
+  As it did seem to shatter all _his_ bulk,
+  And end his being.'
+
+What say you to this?--_His_ bulk! The sigh was so profound, that it
+seemed to shatter even _his_ bulk! I fancy I might rest my case here, and
+win my wager, eh? But I am too skilful a general to throw away my
+strength at the beginning of a battle. If I have not already beaten you
+from your last strong hold--from your last defence--I have a _corps de
+reserve_, which will at once decide the victory. You remember the
+concluding scene, I suppose--the fencing bout between Hamlet and Laertes?
+What do you think of the following little bit of dialogue?
+
+    '_Laertes_.--A touch--a touch,--I do confess.
+    _King_.--Our son shall win.
+    _Queen_.--He's fat and scant of breath. Here,
+    Hamlet, take my napkin--rub thy brows
+    ----Come, let me wipe thy face!'
+
+Do you not imagine you see the pursy Prince, purring and blowing and
+sweating with the exertion he had made, and 'larding the lean earth,'
+like another Falstaff almost? Nay, the very words, 'Come let me wipe thy
+face,' are addressed by Doll Tearsheet to Falstaff, when he was heated by
+his pursuit of Pistol:--'Alas, poor ape, how thou sweatest! Come, let me
+wipe thy face.' Hem!" (quoth Mr. Henry Augustus Constantine Stubbs) "I
+have done--and pause for a reply."
+
+"You'll be horribly laughed at," said McCrab, "if you do make Hamlet a
+fat little fellow."
+
+"Shall I?" exclaimed Stubbs, with a contented chuckle, and rubbing his
+hands "shall I be horribly laughed at?"
+
+"Ay," replied McCrab, "and gloriously gibbetted the next day, in all the
+papers, for your Sancho Panza exhibition."
+
+"Pooh!" ejaculated Stubbs, "pooh! pooh! what care I for the rascally
+papers? Don't I know what sort of critics they are who guide the public
+taste, and fulminate their mighty WE in the columns of a newspaper."
+
+(_To be concluded in our next._)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+LONDON LYRICS.
+
+THE AUCTIONEER'S ODE TO MERCURY.
+
+_Air.--A German Bravura._
+
+
+  Hermes, god of cheats and chatter,
+    Wave thy smooth caduceus here--
+  Now that, pulpit-propp'd, I flatter;
+  Hermes, god of cheats and chatter,
+  Smile, oh smile on Mr. Smatter,
+    Aid an humble Auctioneer!
+  Wave thy smooth caduceus here,
+  O'er an humble Auctioneer!
+  With its virtues tip my hammer,
+    Model my Grammar,
+    Nor let me stammer.
+
+  First, here's Sackbut's Song of Slaughter;
+  Verse and prose, the Laureat Otter,
+  Floats along, diluting song
+  In milk and water.
+  Next (who'll buy?) here's Love in Little,
+  Smooth as glass and eke as brittle;
+  Here are posies, lilies, roses,
+  Cupid's slumbers--out in numbers,
+  Pouting, fretting, fly-not-yetting,
+  Rosa's lip and Rosa's sign--
+  For one pound six--who'll buy, who'll buy?
+  Here's Doctor Aikin, Sims on Baking,
+  Booth in Cato quoting Plato,
+  Jacob Tonson, Doctor Johnson,
+  Russia binding, touch and try--
+  Nothing bid--who'll buy, who'll buy?
+  Here's Mr. Hayley, Doctor Paley,
+  Arthur Murphy, Tommy Durfey,
+  Mrs. Trimmer's little Primer,
+  Buckram binding, touch and try--
+  Nothing bid--who'll buy, who'll buy?
+  Here's Colley Cibber, Bruce the fibber,
+  Plays of Cherry, ditto Merry,
+    Tickle, Mickle,
+  When I bow and when I wriggle,
+  With a simper and a giggle,
+  Ears regaling, bidders nailing,
+  Ladies utter in a flutter--
+  "Mister Smatter, how you chatter,
+  Dear, how clever! well, I never
+  Heard so eloquent a man!"
+
+  Tropes purloining, graces coining,
+  Glibly I, without repentance,
+  Clip each sentence.
+  But, to give each lot its station,
+    Ere from pulpit I dismount
+  God of recapitulation,
+    Hermes, aid me while I count--
+  Aikin, Baking, Cato, Plato,
+  Cibber, Fibber--Cherry, Merry,
+  Hayley, Paley--Secker, Decker,
+  Tickle, Mickle--Tonson, Johnson,
+    Literary Caliban.
+  Forty-seven! Oh, far too thrifty--
+  Thank'ee, Ma'am--two places--fifty!
+  Must it go? oh, surely no!
+  Only eye me, then deny me.
+  When I bow and when I wriggle,
+  With a simper and a giggle,
+  Ears regaling, bidders nailing,
+  Ladies utter in a flutter--
+  "Mister Smatter, how you chatter--
+  Dear, how clever! well, I never
+  Heard so eloquent a man!"
+  Tongue of Mentor, lungs of Stentor,
+    Hermes, thou hast made mine own.
+  Cox and Robins own, with sobbings,
+  I'm the winner; Dyke and Skinner
+    Never caught so glib a tone.
+  Dull and misty, Squibb and Christie,
+  When I mount look pale and wan--
+  Going, going, going--gone!
+
+_New Monthly Magazine_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+SPIRIT OF DISCOVERY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Altitude of certain Buildings_.
+
+
+                                                     metres.
+    The highest Pyramid in Egypt- - - - - - - - - - - -146
+    The Cathedral at Anvers  - - - - - - - - - - - - - 144
+    The Cathedral at Strasburg - - - - - - - - - - - - 142
+    The Steeple of St. Stephen, at Vienna, (Austria) - 138
+    The Steeple of St. Martin, at Landshut - - - - - - 137
+    St. Peter's, at Rome  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -132
+    The Steeple of St. Michael, at Hamboro'  - - - - - 130.5
+    The Steeple of St. Peter, at Hamboro'  - - - - - - 119
+    St. Paul's Cathedral, at London  - - - - - - - - - 109.7
+    The Cathedral of Ulm  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -109.4
+    The Cathedral of Milan   - - - - - - - - - - - - - 109
+    The Tower of the Asinelli, at Bologna  - - - - - - 107
+    The Dome of the Invalids, at Paris - - - - - - - - 105
+    The Cathedral of Magdebourg - - - - - - - - - - - -101.6
+    The Cupola of the Pantheon, at Paris -  - - - - - - 79
+    The Balustrade of Notre Dame, at Paris  - - - - - - 66
+    The metre is 39.37 inches.--_From the French_.
+
+
+_Prevention of Fire in Theatres_.
+
+In consequence of the frequent occurrence of fires in theatres,
+particular precautions have been taken with the theatre of the Port St.
+Martin, at Paris. A thick wall of hewn stone separates the audience part
+from the scenic part of the house; all the doors in it are of iron, and
+may be shut instantly, in case of fire; finally, the insulation of the
+spectators from the stage is made perfect by means of a screen of plates
+of iron, which falls down before the stage. This screen, which weighs
+between 1,200 and 1,300 pounds, is easily worked by two men, and slides
+up and down upon guides, so as readily to take its place. Besides these
+precautions, reservoirs of water are established in the roof, which may
+be connected, when necessary, with vessels of compressed air, and made to
+throw a powerful jet over a very large part of the building.--_French
+Paper_.
+
+
+_Tanning_.
+
+A tanner, named Rapedius, of Bern Castel, on the Moselle, has discovered
+a new species of tan proper for dressing leather. It is the plant known
+by the name of Bilberry or Whortleberry, (Vaccinium Myrtilus or
+Myrtillis,) which should be gathered in spring, because at this season it
+dries more readily, and is more easily ground. Three pounds and a half of
+this tan suffice for dressing a pound of leather, while six pounds are
+required from the oak to produce the same effect. By this new process,
+tanners can gain four months out of the time required for preparing
+strong leather. A commission having been appointed at Treves to examine
+the leather so prepared, reported, that they had never seen any as good,
+and that every pair of shoes made therefrom lasts two months more than
+what are manufactured from common leather; that the skin of the neck,
+which it is difficult to work, becomes strong and elastic like that of
+the other parts. The shrub should not be pulled up, but cut with a bill,
+to obtain the reproduction of the plant the following year. When cut,
+damp does not deteriorate it, which is not the case with oak bark, which
+loses ten per cent. of its value by being wetted.--_From the French_.
+
+
+_Spiders_.
+
+It would be very interesting to know whether the gossamer threads thrown
+out by these insects are in an excited state of electricity: their
+divergent state would seem to imply they were; for there seems to be no
+other natural cause which could prevent them from coming together,
+especially before the insect had left its resting-place. If electric,
+then neighbouring bodies, as the hand or branches of a tree, or a stick,
+&c., would attract them; but care would be required in making the
+experiment, from the readiness with which these threads would move upon
+disturbance of the air. If electric, then it would be important to know
+whether they were positive or negative; which their attraction, or
+repulsion, by a stick of sealing-wax, rubbed on the sleeve of a coat,
+would at once determine. It is well known that these threads are almost
+perfect insulators of electricity, and would retain a charged state for a
+long time in a dry sunny atmosphere.--_Brande's Journal_.
+
+
+_Method of obtaining Roses of all kinds twice in the Year_.
+
+The following directions, by M. Douette Richardot, are to enable the
+amateur to gather as fine roses in September as he did in the preceding
+June:--1. Immediately after the first flowering, the shrub is to be
+deprived of every leaf, and those branches which have borne roses cut so
+that only two or three buds shall remain. The cutting of the weaker
+branches may be in a less degree. If the weather be dry when the leaves
+are removed, it will be necessary to thoroughly water the stem, for
+several days, with the rose of the watering-pot: in this way the sap will
+not be arrested. 2. Then the brush is to be used, and the rose tree well
+cleansed by it, so that all mouldiness shall disappear: this operation is
+very easy after an abundant rain. 3. The earth about the rose tree is to
+be disturbed, and then twenty-four sockets of calves' feet are to be
+placed in the earth round the stem, and about four inches distant from
+it. The hoofs of young calves are the best, and give a vivid colour and
+agreeable perfume to the roses. These are to be placed with the points
+downwards, so that the cups shall be nearly level with the surface of the
+earth, and the plant well surrounded. This operation is to be repeated in
+the November following. These hoofs, dissolved by the rain or the
+waterings, form an excellent manure, which hastens the vegetation, and
+determines the reproduction of flowers. 4. Two waterings per week will
+suffice in ordinary weather, and they should be made with the rose of the
+watering-pot, so that the hoofs may be filled; but, if the atmosphere is
+dry, it will be necessary to water the plants every evening; and in the
+latter case it will be necessary, from time to time, to direct the stream
+of water on to the head of the tree.--_From the French_.
+
+
+_American Sea-Serpent_.
+
+Mr. Samuel Mitchell has, in his "Summary of the Progress of Natural
+Science for the last few Years," given an amusing account of the progress
+of sea-serpentism. It was read before the New York Lyceum, and is
+inserted in the American Journal of Science, although not thought
+conclusive by its learned editor, Dr. Silliman. The first sea-serpent was
+a steam-boat, which, being established at Boston to coast along the
+shore, and from its powers and capabilities competent to injure the
+business of small boats, was described as a sea-serpent that had been
+seen off Nahant and Gloucester, and had probably come there to consume
+all the small fish in the place. This was received by many as a serious
+account, and believed accordingly.
+
+Another sea-serpent history arose from the circumstance, that a small
+sloop, called the Sea-Serpent, having been passed by another vessel, the
+captain of the latter, when asked, upon his arrival at home, for news,
+said he had seen a sea-serpent, and then described its bunches on the
+back, the action of its tail, and other parts; all of which being
+understood literally, actually appeared in print, as evidence for the
+existence of the animal.
+
+Then a piece of the skin of the bony scaled pike was taken for part of a
+sea-serpent's hide. A speckled mother duck, with a numerous brood of
+young ones swimming after her in a line on Lake Ontario, was described as
+the sea-serpent itself. And from such occurrences as these, perhaps,
+mingled with careless observation of the motions and appearances of
+porpuses, basking sharks, and balaenopterous whales, appears to have
+originated every thing that has been said about American
+sea-serpents.--_Brande's Jour_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+THE GATHERER.
+
+    A snapper up of unconsidered trifles.
+
+SHAKSPEARE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ELEGANT COMPLIMENT.
+
+A French officer, having arrived at the court of Vienna, the empress,
+knowing that he had seen the Princess de * * *, asked him if he thought
+this princess was, as reported, the handsomest person in the world?
+"Madam," replied the officer, "I thought so yesterday."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  Should women sit in parliament,
+    A thing unprecedented,
+  A great part of the nation, then
+    Would be Miss-Represented.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ON A STONE IN THE WALL OF CHISWICK CHURCHYARD.
+
+This wall was made at ye charges of ye Right Honorable and _trulie pious_
+Lorde Francis Russell, Earle of Bedford, out of true zeale and care for
+ye keeping of this church-yard, and ye _wardrobe of Godd's saints_, whose
+bodies lay _theirin_ buried from _violation by swine_, and other
+prophanation.--So witnesseth William Walker, Vo. A.D. 1623.
+
+O.W.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A singular custom was formerly observed in the city of Middelburg, in the
+Netherlands. When any inhabitant died, a bundle of straw was placed
+before the house, with the ears towards the street, if the deceased was a
+man; but towards the house, if a woman.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SINGULAR SUICIDE.
+
+In 1767, a gentleman, named Davers, (who was descended from Sir Robert
+Davers, of Roughham, in the county of Suffolk, bart.) died at the Angel
+Inn, Islington, by poison. A card, which he was seen to write a few hours
+before his death, contained the following words:--"Descended from an
+ancient and honourable family, I have, for fifteen years past, suffered
+more indigence than ever gentleman before submitted to. I am neglected by
+my acquaintance, traduced by my enemies, and insulted by the vulgar."
+Beneath the above was written:--
+
+  "Of laudanum, an ample dose
+  Must all my present ills compose;
+  But the best of laudanum all,
+  I want; not resolution, but a ball."
+
+G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+POLYGAMY.
+
+It is well known that the Turks avoid answering questions put to them
+concerning their religion, to prevent being exposed to criticism and
+raillery. A lady of quality reproached a Turkish ambassador, on the
+Mahometan religion allowing them to have several wives. The ambassador,
+without entering into any discussion, replied, "It permits it, that we
+may be able to find in several, all the graces which are concentrated in
+you alone."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+John Daens, merchant and citizen of Antwerp, having lent the Emperor
+Charles V. a million of gold, invited his majesty to dinner. After a
+royal entertainment, he threw the emperor's bond into a fire made of
+cinnamon.
+
+G.W.N.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Purchasers of the MIRROR, who may wish to complete their sets are
+informed, that every volume is complete in itself, and may be purchased
+separately. The whole of the numbers are now in print, and can be
+procured by giving an order to any Bookseller or Newsvender.
+
+Complete sets Vol I. to XII. in boards, price L3. 5s. half bound, L4.
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+
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+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Printed and Published by J. LIMBIRD 143, Strand. (near Somerset House,)
+London; sold by ERNEST FLEISCHER, 626, New Market, Leipsic; and by all
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