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diff --git a/32463-h/32463-h.htm b/32463-h/32463-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0bcb13e --- /dev/null +++ b/32463-h/32463-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1727 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> +<title>The Justice and Necessity of Taxing the American Colonies, Demonstrated—A Project Gutenberg eBook</title> +<style type="text/css"> +<!-- +body +{ + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +#text-block +{ + max-width: 40em; + margin: 120px auto; +} + +p +{ + margin-top: 0.75em; + margin-bottom: 0.75em; + text-align: justify; + text-indent: 1.5em; +} + +p.center, +p.drop-cap, +#tnote p +{ + text-indent: 0em; +} + +h1 +{ + text-align: center; + clear: both; + font-weight: normal; + font-size: x-large; +} + +ins +{ + text-decoration: none; + border-bottom: 1px dashed #add8e6; +} + +cite +{ + font-style: italic; + font-weight: normal; +} + +hr +{ + width: 90%; + max-width: 24em; + color: white; + background-color: white; + border: none; + border-bottom: 6px double black; + margin: 2em auto; +} + +.gesperrt +{ + letter-spacing: 0.2em; + margin-right: -0.2em; +} + +.upright +{ + font-style: normal; +} + +.smcap +{ + font-variant: small-caps; +} + +.center +{ + text-align: center; +} + +a[title].pagenum +{ + position: absolute; + right: 3%; +} + +a[title].pagenum:after +{ + content: attr(title); + border: 1px solid silver; + display: inline; + font-size: x-small; + text-align: right; + color: #808080; + font-style: normal; + padding: 1px 4px 1px 4px; + font-variant: normal; + font-weight: normal; + text-decoration: none; + text-indent: 0em; + letter-spacing: 0em; +} + +.poem +{ + margin: 2em auto; + width: 20em; + white-space: nowrap; + text-align: left; + font-style: italic; +} + +.poem .stanza +{ + margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; +} + +.poem em +{ + font-style: normal; +} + +.drop-cap:first-letter +{ + font-size: 3em; + float: left; + margin: -0.25em 0.1em -0.2em 0; +} + +.drop-cap .first-word +{ + text-transform: uppercase; +} + +#tnote +{ + width: 26em; + border: 1px dashed #808080; + background-color: #f6f6f6; + text-align: justify; + padding: 0em 0.75em; + margin: 120px auto 120px auto; +} + +#book-list +{ + list-style-type: upper-roman; + list-style-position: inside; + margin: 0; + padding: 0; +} + +#book-list li +{ + margin: 0.75em 0; + padding: 0; + text-indent: 1.5em; + text-align: justify; +} + +@page +{ + margin: 2cm; +} + +@media print +{ + body + { + margin: 2em; + } + + #tnote, + pre, + .pagenum + { + display: none; + } + + ins + { + text-decoration: none; + border: none; + color: black; + } +} +--> +</style> +<!--[if lt IE 8]> +<style type="text/css"> +a[title].pagenum +{ + position: static; +} + +#book-list +{ + list-style-position: outside; +} + +#book-list li +{ + margin-left: 2.5em; +} +</style> +<![endif]--> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Justice and Necessity of Taxing the +American Colonies, Demonstrated, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Justice and Necessity of Taxing the American Colonies, Demonstrated + Together with a Vindication of the Authority of Parliament + +Author: Unknown + +Release Date: May 20, 2010 [EBook #32463] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXING THE AMERICAN COLONIES *** + + + + +Produced by Ernest Schaal, Jana Srna and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div id="tnote"> +<p class="center"><b>Transcriber's Notes:</b></p> +<p>Obsolete spellings of words (e.g. impolitick, antient, assylum, +can'st, etc.) have been retained; ct ligatures are represented as +ct, and long s as modern round s.</p> +<p>Typesetting errors have been corrected and marked +<ins title="transcriber's note">like this</ins>. +The original text appears when hovering the cursor over +the marked text.</p> +<p>Catchwords have been deleted. (Catchwords were used on each page +of very old books to indicate the first word of the following page.)</p> +</div> + +<div id="text-block"> + + +<p class="center" style="line-height: 2em; margin-bottom: 4em;"><span class="gesperrt">THE</span><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">JUSTICE</span> and <span class="gesperrt">NECESSITY</span><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">OF</span><br/> +<big style="font-size: 1.25em;" class="gesperrt">TAXING</big><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">THE</span><br/> +<big style="font-size: 1.5em;"><span class="gesperrt">COLONIES</span>.</big></p> + +<p class="center">[Price One Shilling.]</p> + + + + +<h1 style="margin: 6em auto 1em auto; line-height: 2.2em;"><small class="gesperrt" style="font-size: 0.7em;">THE</small><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">JUSTICE</span> and <span class="gesperrt">NECESSITY</span><br/> +<small class="gesperrt" style="font-size: 0.7em;">OF</small><br/> +<big class="gesperrt">TAXING</big><br/> +<small class="gesperrt" style="font-size: 0.7em;">THE</small><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">AMERICAN COLONIES</span>,<br/> +Demonstrated.</h1> + +<p class="center" style="line-height: 2.5em; margin-bottom: 4em;"><span class="gesperrt">TOGETHER WITH A</span><br/> +<big class="gesperrt" style="font-size: 1.4em;">VINDICATION</big><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">OF THE</span><br/> +<big style="font-size: 1.7em;">Authority of Parliament.</big></p> + +<hr style="margin-bottom: 1em;"/> +<p class="center" style="max-width: 24em; margin: auto;"><big><span class="gesperrt">LONDON</span>:</big></p> +<p class="center" style="max-width: 24em; margin: 0.5em auto;">Printed for <span class="smcap">J. Almon</span>, opposite Burlington-House in +Piccadilly, 1766.</p> + + +<div style="margin-top: 10em;"><a class="pagenum" name="Page_5" title="5"> </a> +<hr/> +<hr/> +</div> + +<p class="center" style="margin: 3em auto; line-height: 2em;"> +A<br/> +<big class="gesperrt" style="font-size: 1.4em;">VINDICATION</big><br/> +<span class="gesperrt">OF THE</span><br/> +<big style="font-size: 1.4em;">Authority of Parliament, <i>&c.</i></big></p> + + +<p class="drop-cap"><span class="first-word">Of</span> all the objects, which have +since the revolution, engaged the +attention of the legislature, the proper +method of adjusting our present quarrels +with the Americans is undoubtedly +the most important. For as the riches +and power of Britain depend chiefly +on trade, and that trade on her colonies; +it is evident that her very existence +as the first of commercial nations, +turns upon this hinge.</p> + +<p>It cannot therefore be impertinent in +any one modestly to offer his sentiments +on this topick; that by the confrontation +of different opinions we may strike +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_6" title="6"> </a>out truth, as we do fire by the collision +of flints; and that, as much light +as possible may be afforded to our legislators +to guide them through so dark +and intricate a labyrinth.</p> + +<p>This is the more necessary, as there +can be found no similar case in all the +records of history to serve as a precedent, +or clew, to direct their steps; and +all they can do is to grope their way +by their own industry, and to employ +their reason, as the only compass which +can steer their course aright to this land +unknown.</p> + +<p>Without any farther preamble, therefore, +I shall proceed to discuss this +point, and to state the case fairly between +the two contending parties, that +those, who having like myself, no particular +interest concerned, have consequently +little prepossession for either +side, may be enabled to form an adequate +idea of the subject.</p> + +<p>While the colonies were under any +apprehensions from the encroachments +of the French and Indians, they submitted +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_7" title="7"> </a>to the British legislature without +reluctance; because they were sensible +of their inability to defend themselves, +and of the necessity of taking +shelter under the wings of their mother. +But no sooner were the +French kites and Indian vultures scared +away, than they began to strut and +to claim an independent property to +the dunghil. Their fear and their +natural affection forsook them at one +and the same time. They now boast +that they owe their present happy state +to no power on earth but themselves; +that they worked out their own salvation +by their own right arm: forgetting +that, had we not conquered at +Louisbourg, at Quebec, and many +other places; had we not constantly +protected and defended them, the +French and Indians would have long +ago reduced them to the situation of +the ancient Britons, and we should ere +now have received some such letter as +this, inscribed, <i>The groans of the Americans. +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_8" title="8"> </a>The barbarians, on one hand, +drive us into the sea; the sea on the +other, forces us back on the barbarians: +so that we have only the hard alternative +left us, of perishing by the sword, or +by the waves.</i></p> + +<p>Their insolence is arrived to such a +pitch that they are not ashamed to assume +to themselves the merit of bringing +the last war but one to a period. +According to them, what obliged the +enemy to listen to terms of accommodation +was not our success by sea, not +the ruin of the French navy, not the +total stagnation of their trade, not the +march of the Russian auxiliaries; but +the reduction, in a couple of short +days, by a couple of little cannon, of +a little island hardly discernable in a +map, called Cape-Breton.</p> + +<p>This undutiful, this disobedient behaviour +of Britain's children abroad, +owed, no doubt, its origin partly to the +causes assigned above, and partly to +the murmurs and discontent of those at +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_9" title="9"> </a>home; the Sacheveril in London produced +another in Boston; the spirit of +disaffection and mutiny, which the harangues +of a general raised in the cyder +counties, those of a colonel conjured +up in New-England. Out of one +hydra many more arose, and there +wants a Hercules to crush them. But +who has the courage and skill to wield +his club? In hopes that such a hero +will arise, I will endeavour to furnish +him with weapons, and to show him +how to pierce the vitals of the monster.</p> + +<p>The most effectual way, in my opinion, +of laying the spirit of disaffection +among the colonists, and of quieting +the present disturbances to the mutual +satisfaction of each party, is to convince +the Americans that they ought +to be taxed rather than the English, +and to prove that the interest of both +is best promoted by leaving the power +of taxation in the hands of the British +legislature; I shall therefore address +myself now to this task.</p> + +<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_10" title="10"> </a> +In this age all the kingdoms in Europe +maintain a standing military force, +which may be ready on all occasions +to defend themselves, and to seize every +opportunity of annoying their foes; +Great-Britain therefore is obliged to +keep, tho' contrary to the genius of +its constitution, a large body of regular +troops in constant pay: and as +America must have a considerable share +of these for its safeguard, on whom +ought the burden of supporting them +to fall, but on the Americans, to +whom they prove an immediate benefit? +Great-Britain is sufficiently exhausted +already; she has spilt plenty +of her blood in their cause, she has +expended many millions in their service, +and has by these means contracted +an immense load of debt, of which +she is never likely to be eased. Must +she then expire under her pressures? +Instead of being relieved, must a new +burden be laid on her shoulders to +crush her entirely? A tax for the support +of American guards and garrisons +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_11" title="11"> </a>must be raised somewhere; else all the +labour of the last war may be lost in a +moment; the colonies may be conquered +by our enemies in one campaign.</p> + +<p>What then must be done? America +must be taxed. By no means, +says America; I am sufficiently taxed +already; the many restrictions and +prohibitions, under which I labour in +point of trade, are an ample tax. You +gain of me by way of balance about +half a million a year; let this be applied +to the defence of America, and +it will be found an abundant provision +for all her wants.</p> + +<p>But why, good America, dost thou +not also desire us to apply to the defence +of Spain and Turkey all that we +gain by them annually? The argument +will hold equally good, and cannot +be absurd in the latter case without +being so in the former.</p> + +<p>Why likewise, do'st thou not throw +into the opposite scale the many millions, +which we have already laid out +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_12" title="12"> </a>for thy preservation, and see whether +they do not make all, that we have +ever drawn from thee, mount up and +kick the beam.</p> + +<p>Thou sayest indeed, that we receive +in the general course of trade all the +specie, which thou can'st spare; and +that it is cruel, nay, impolitick, to +exact more than thou can'st afford; as +excessive imposts always damp industry, +create a despondency in merchants, +and incapacitate a state for furnishing +its ordinary quota of taxes.</p> + +<p>But let me tell thee that the money +raised by the stamp act, being all necessary +for paying the troops within +thy own territories, must center wholly +in thyself, and therefore cannot possibly +drain thee of thy bullion.</p> + +<p>It is true, this act will hinder thee +from sucking out the blood of thy +mother, and gorging thyself with the +fruit of her labour. But at this thou +oughtest not to repine, as experience +assures us that the most certain method +of rendering a body politick, as +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_13" title="13"> </a>well as natural, wholesome and long-lived, +is to preserve a due equilibrium +between its different members; not to +allow any part to rob another of its +nourishment, but, when there is any +danger, any probability of such a catastrophe, +to make an immediate revulsion, +for fear of an unnatural superfetation, +or of the absolute ruin and +destruction of the whole.</p> + +<p>All countries, unaccustomed to +taxes, are at first violently prepossessed +against them, though the price, which +they give for their liberty: like an ox +untamed to the yoke, they show, at +first, a very stubborn neck, but by +degrees become docile, and yield a +willing obedience. Scotland was very +much averse to the tax on malt; but +she is so far from being ruined by it, +that it has only taught her to double +her industry, and to supply, by labour, +what she was obliged to give up +to the necessities of the state. Can +America be said to be poorer, to be +more scanty of money than Scotland? +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_14" title="14"> </a>No. What then follows? America +must be taxed.</p> + +<p>It is in vain to pretend that the increase +of the American territories, and +of the commodities, which they furnish +to the British markets, has reduced +the price of any article; or placed the +ancient colonists in a worse situation +than before the war; and consequently +rendered them incapable of bearing +any additional burden.</p> + +<p>Europe is still the same as in seventeen +hundred and fifty-five, its inhabitants +are as numerous; therefore as +Britons, with regard to it and America, +are, for the most part, but factors, +the demand for American goods +must be as great, if not greater, than +formerly; their value cannot be diminished, +nor can the Americans be +worse situated than at the commencement +of the war.</p> + +<p>It is equally idle to pretend that a +tax on America must prove prejudicial +to Britain.</p> + +<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_15" title="15"> </a> +A tax for defending it must, as +hinted above, be levied somewhere; +either in Britain or its colonies: and +nothing is more manifest than that +those, on whom the tax is laid, or +who advance the money, must be the +only sufferers, as in all dealings between +two, what is taken from the +one is added to the other; it always requires +some time to balance accounts, +by raising the price of commodities in +proportion to the tax, and to reduce +every thing by the course of circulation +to a level. What America loses, +Britain gains; the expences of the +former are a saving to the latter. All +the world is sensible of the justness of +this maxim, the clamours of the colonists +are a striking proof of it. If +they were not convinced of this truth, +why grumble at the impost? If they +did not know that a tax upon them +must prove comparatively detrimental +to their country, and serviceable to +Britain, why exclaim against it? +How absurd then, is it to advance that +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_16" title="16"> </a>as an argument for the abolition of the +tax, which was the principal one for +opposing it? Indeed, to alledge that +England will gain more by laying the +tax on herself, is to alledge that a +man, who gives his daughter an annual +pension, becomes richer than if +he received an equal sum.</p> + +<p>I own, if Britain, by any channel, +receives in return a larger portion than +she bestows, she gains by the bargain. +But that cannot be the present case; +for by taxing herself she raises the +price of provisions, which encreases +that of labour, and manufactures, not +only at home, but also in America, +and all other foreign markets; by +which means all her rivals in trade +undersell her; she diminishes the quantity +of her exports, the number of her +artisans and people, and empoverishes +herself in general. Whereas by levying +the tax on the colonies, she saves +a round sum of money annually; the +price of her manufactures continues +nearly the same, and as the wants of +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_17" title="17"> </a>the colonists, cannot be much lessened, +her exports are almost equally +considerable; in short, the foregoing +prospect is wholly inverted.</p> + +<p>But why keep any Forces at all in +America? She is sufficiently able to +defend herself. Every Male above +sixteen years of age is enrolled in the +militia; they have arms, they are +disciplined, their numbers are great, +and still upon the Increase: what +more is wanting for her security? Is +she in greater danger now, that the +French are exterminated, than she +was before the last war, when the +enemy pressed vigorously upon her, +and yet hardly any troops were to be +found throughout her whole extent?</p> + +<p>No; but lest the same Difficulties +should recur, lest the same quarrels +which bred the last expensive and +bloody War, should return, troops +must be maintained for her safeguard. +Britain observes this policy within herself; +is it not absurd to imagine she +would not follow the same maxim +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_18" title="18"> </a>with regard to her colonies? She +keeps on foot a considerable body of +forces to be prepared on every emergency, +not only to oppose a public +foe, but also to enforce the decisions +of the civil magistrate. And notwithstanding +the antipathy which most +people have to standing armies, they +have been found to be very useful; +and no government, antient or modern, +can be named, which was not, +without their assistance, subject to +bloody riots and insurrections. Nor +is there any danger to be apprehended +from them, while their number is +small, while the sword is in the hands +of the people in general, while, as in +America, there is a superior well regulated +militia to check them, if +they should discover any sinister design +against liberty.</p> + +<p>It is with a view of being useful to +the mother country, that colonies are +first planted; this is part of their +charter, a tacit condition, on which +they are allowed to depart and settle; +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_19" title="19"> </a>therefore they are not allowed by the +laws of nature and nations to violate +this agreement, as long as the mother +is able to avail herself of it, and treats +them with due Lenity and maternal +affection. A few restrictions +on their trade, in order to pay off +what debts they contracted, while +yet in the nursery, cannot be construed +into acts of severity, and as +little can a tax intended for their own +defence, and appropriated to that sole +use.</p> + +<p>Upon the supposition that America +is never to be taxed, this country, +which now groans, and is like long +to groan under the weight of taxes, +will in time be left desolate, all its +inhabitants will flock to America, to +enjoy the benefits of a less oppressive +government, and to mingle with a +people of similar manners, religion +and laws. Britain, the assylum of +liberty, the seat of arts and sciences, +the glory of Europe, and the envy +of the world, will be ruined by her +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_20" title="20"> </a>own ungrateful sons, and become a +desart. What neither Spain nor +France, nor all the world combined, +could accomplish, America, the child +of her own fostering, will effect.</p> + +<div class="poem" lang="la" xml:lang="la"> +<div class="stanza"> +Quos neque Tydides, nec Larissæus Achilles,<br/> +Non anni domuere decem, non mille carinæ,<br/> +Vincentur <em>pueris</em>. +</div> +</div> + +<p>America will prove a continual +drain upon her industry and people, +an eternal spunge to suck up her vital +moisture, and leave her a dry and sapless +trunk, exposed, without branches, +without leaves, to the inclemency of +the weather. This event may be distant, +but it is in the womb of time; +and must be brought forth, unless we +have sufficient skill to cause an abortion.</p> + +<p>But what does America gain by all +this? A transitory independence perhaps, +on the most noble constitution, +which the wit of man has been hitherto +able to invent. I say transitory +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_21" title="21"> </a>independence, for the broken and disjointed +members of the American empire +cannot be cemented and consolidated +into one firm mass; it is too +unwieldy and unmanageable; it is +composed of particles too heterogeneous +to be ever melted down into one +consistent and well digested system of +liberty. Anarchy and confusion will +soon prevail, were it to attempt an +union; and the loss of liberty will +tread fast upon their heels. For a free +and extended empire on a continent +are incompatible: to think they are not +is a perfect solecism in politicks. No +history furnishes us with an example; +foreign conquest, or the power with +which the magistrate must be entrusted, +are an invincible obstacle in their +way. It is in islands alone, where +one part of the people cannot be so +easily employed to oppress the other, +where the sea separates them from conquerors +and great empires, that liberty +can be deemed a native of the soil. +What a wretched exchange, then, +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_22" title="22"> </a>would the Americans make! They +would barter liberty for slavery.</p> + +<p>But, say they, we are not represented +in parliament.</p> + +<p>True; you are not; no more is +one twentieth of the British nation; +but they may, when they become +freeholders, or burgesses: so may you; +therefore complain not; for it is impossible +to render any human institution +absolutely perfect. Were the +English animated by your spirit, they +would overturn the constitution to-morrow.</p> + +<p>Like the colonies of all other countries, +you enjoy the privilege of being +governed in the same manner, as the +people, from which you are derived. +You have the same parliament, the +same laws; you are all deemed free-born +Britons, and are intitled to all +their immunities. What would you +have more? Would you reduce your +protectors, your deliverers, your parents +to a state of servitude, by obliging +them to pay taxes for you? It is +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_23" title="23"> </a>plain, too plain, excessive prosperity +has rendered your heads giddy, you +attempt to soar higher than your +strength will carry you, than your +safety will permit; it is incumbent +on us, under whose care you are, to +clip your wings.</p> + +<p>You tell us you are very sober and +temperate, that you fear the influence +of a standing army will corrupt you, +and introduce profligacy and debauchery.</p> + +<p>I take your word for it, and believe +you are as sober, temperate, upright, +humane and virtuous, as the +posterity of independents and anabaptists, +presbyterians and quakers, convicts +and felons, savages and negro-whippers, +can be; that you are as +loyal subjects, as obedient to the laws, +as zealous for the maintenance of order +and good government, as your +late actions evince you to be; and I +affirm that you have much need of +the gentlemen of the blade to polish +and refine your manners, to inspire +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_24" title="24"> </a>you with an honest frankness and openness +of behaviour, to rub off the rust +of puritanism, and to make you ashamed +of proposing in your assemblies, +as you have lately done, to pay +off no more debts due to your original +native country.</p> + +<p>I am only afraid that you will not +be blest with enough of their company; +they will be obliged to live on +the frontiers, in order to check the +Indians, and to preserve your hairy +scalps untouched; they must be constantly +exposed to secret treachery, and +open violence, for your ease and security; +and yet you will not contribute +a single penny for their support.</p> + +<p>In the name of wonder, what would +you desire? Every farthing raised by +the stamps, and a great deal more +from Britain, is necessary for your defence, +and is to be applied solely to +that purpose: what more would you +ask? Would you, preferably to all the +parts of the British dominions, be +exempted from taxes?</p> + +<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_25" title="25"> </a> +Do you murmur because Britain is +not taxed for you, or because you are +not allowed to lay the tax on what +commodities you please? If the former +be the source of your discontent, +you are very unnatural, and very ungrateful: +very unnatural, because you +have no compassion, no fellow-feeling +for the distresses of your exhausted +parent; very ungrateful, because, after +Britain has done so much for you, after +she has nourished and reared you up, +from your sickly infancy to a vigorous +state of adolescence, or rather manhood, +after she has conquered your +enemies, and placed you, if now you +be not wanting to yourselves, beyond +the reach of French perfidy and fraud, +you will not stretch forth your hand +to ease her, sinking under her burden, +nor contribute to her security, or more +properly your own.</p> + +<p>But if the latter gave rise to your +disaffection, you are very ill informed, +very short sighted, in not perceiving, +that a general tax, for the general defence +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_26" title="26"> </a>of all America, could not be +raised by <em>peace-meal</em>, in every province +separately. How could the quota of +every colony be ascertained; and, if +it could be ascertained, how were the +colonists to be persuaded to grant it? +We remember with what difficulty +they were induced to advance money +for their own defence in the late war, +when the enemy was at their gates, +when they fought <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">pro aris & focis</i>, for +their religion and property. Some of +them have not, to this day, contributed +a single shilling. Are we to +imagine, that they will be more forward, +more lavish now, when the danger +is distant, and perhaps imperceptible +to the dull senses of most of +them, than when it stared them in the +face, and threatened immediate ruin. +Whoever thinks so, must be a very +weak politician, and ought to be sent +to catch flies with Domitian.</p> + +<p>Each assembly among you, forsooth, +pretends to an equality with the +British parliament, and allows no laws +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_27" title="27"> </a>binding but those, which are imposed +by itself. But mark the consequence. +Every colony becomes at once an independant +kingdom, and the sovereign +may become, in a short time, +absolute master, by playing the one +against the other.</p> + +<p>But were the sovereign always virtuous +enough not to avail himself of +this power, which with the greatest +good nature, with the utmost political +foresight, you thus put into his hand, +quarrels would, in all probability, soon +arise among you. It is well known +you cannot boast of much mutual +love, or christian charity; the same +spirit which actuated your ancestors, +and kindled the flames of civil war in +this country, still reigns among you, +and wants but a single spark to raise a +combustion.</p> + +<p>You will tell me, perhaps, that +notwithstanding the multiplicity of +governments, you may, like the Swiss +cantons, live for ages in harmony and +unity.</p> + +<p><a class="pagenum" name="Page_28" title="28"> </a> +But I aver the contrary. The +strength of the Protestants and Roman +Catholicks among them, is nearly +equal, and keeps them in awe of +each other; but above all, the fear of +being crushed by the surrounding +powers in case of intestine dissensions, +prevents ambitious projects, and secures +the peace. But as neither of +these is your case, you have little reason +to hope that you could preserve +your liberties. Greece, as soon as it +ceased to dread the Persian monarch, +fell immediately into the hands of a +despotick prince; you have no king +of Persia to fear, how then do you +expect to remain free from slavery? +Believe me, your safest course is to +continue in your dependence on Britain, +where liberty is naturalized, +and where you are entitled to every +blessing with which it is attended.</p> + +<p>Can you be so weak as to imagine +that the two houses of parliament will +allow you to set up a claim to uncontrollable +authority in your several provinces? +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_29" title="29"> </a>Perhaps you do not comprehend +how this will in time reduce them, +and consequently you to mere cyphers? +I will inform you. The power +of the crown is, of late, greatly encreased, +by the vast number of places, +which the last war, and the enormous +growth of the national debt have left +at its disposal. Give it also but the +management of the colonies, exclusive +of the parliament, and there needs no +more, in a few years, to render it despotick.</p> + +<p>Undoubtedly, the weight of this +consideration was what moved the +British, to assume a superiority over the +Irish parliament; and Ireland, considerable +a country as it is, submits to +their controul; how can you have the +front to ask greater privileges? Indeed, +till you are placed on a quite +different footing, you cannot expect +even this indulgence: such a number +of scattered jarring governments would +create so much embarrassment and +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_30" title="30"> </a>perplexity, as to be quite unmanageable.</p> + +<p>Some of you <ins title="comlpain">complain</ins> that the +privileges granted by your charters are +invaded.</p> + +<p>But by whom, pray, were these +privileges granted? By a king, +who had no power, I mean legal +power, to grant you any privileges, +which rendered you independent of +parliament, no more than he can +make a corporation in England independent +of it. Talk not then, of +such privileges; the spirit of the British +constitution could allow you none, by +which you did not remain subordinate +to every branch of the legislature, and +consequently subordinate to parliament. +The king makes but one member +of the legislature, and it is self-evident +he cannot give away the rights +and privileges of the rest. He can +grant any body of men a charter, by +which they are empowered to make +bye-laws for their own government, +but farther his prerogative does not +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_31" title="31"> </a>extend. He cannot free them from +obedience to acts of parliaments.</p> + +<p>Another, and a general complaint +is, that you are taxed by a body of +men unacquainted with your circumstances.</p> + +<p>But who can be so well acquainted +with the circumstances of the colonies +in general, as the British parliament? +It is composed of men very well versed +in mercantile affairs, and much accustomed +to the discussion of intricate +questions; many of them are merchants, +and merchants that trade to +America and the West Indies. They +are always ready to receive information +from any hand, and never proceed to +business of importance, till they have +made the requisite inquiries. Nothing +can be a better proof of this, than +their conduct with regard to the stamp +act. A year before it was passed, the +ministers desired you to send agents +over to London, in order to propose +your objections to the whole, or any +part of it; but you neglected this reasonable +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_32" title="32"> </a>request; therefore, if the duty +on some articles should be too high, +you have none but yourselves to blame.</p> + +<p>How then can you pretend to set +up your own knowledge in competition +with that of the British parliament? +Every single assembly among +you, may, perhaps, be a better judge +of its own province than it; but that +is all: a full and comprehensive idea +of the whole they cannot be expected +to have; their own particular interest +they may understand, but the interest +of the colonies in general is an object +too large, too complex, to be taken +in at one view, and to be perfectly +scanned by them. It is the British +legislature alone, whose close connection +with all the colonies, whose thorough +acquaintance with their trade +and with commerce in general, is +universally allowed, that is properly +qualified for such an arduous task.</p> + +<p>Thus have I shewn that the interest +of both parties, of England and America, +is best promoted by adhering +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_33" title="33"> </a>religiously to the ancient system; that +a claim of new privileges by the Americans, +for they have been taxed before +by our parliament, will be attended +with many immediate disadvantages, +and that the remote consequence will +be their own ruin and slavery.</p> + +<p>But if, after all, the prejudices of +the Americans should be so great as +to make them reject all reasonable +terms of accommodation, should they +be so tenacious of what they call their +privileges, as to be fully resolved on +asserting an absolute independence on +the parliament of Great Britain. Should +they be determined, rather than yield +to it as formerly, to proceed to the +last extremity, I would, with all due +deference to the wisdom of parliament, +advise a certain number of contiguous +provinces to be incorporated, and to +be allowed parliaments under the same +restriction as that of Ireland.</p> + +<p>If they decline this equitable compromise, +were I a member of either +House, I would give my vote for treating +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_34" title="34"> </a>them as the Romans did the Latins, +when they attempted by force to make +themselves denizens of Rome. This +step, I own, is dangerous, and very +delicate in its management, but in such +a crisis, it is the only one which can, +with any dignity and prudence, be +taken.</p> + +<p>Though the partizans of America, +in order to throw dust in our eyes, and +erect a bug-bear to the ignorant, insinuate +that the colonies would, in this +extremity, follow the example of the +Low Countries under Philip the Second, +and call in the assistance of France +and Spain. There is little reason to be +apprehensive on that score; for the +case is by no means parrellel: the +Flemings and Dutch contended for +ancient established rights, which had +been allowed such by their oppressors +themselves; the Americans assert privileges +unknown, unheard of before; +the Spaniards were strangers and foreigners +to the inhabitants of the Low +Countries; the Britons are brothers and +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_35" title="35"> </a>relations to the Americans; the seventeen +provinces were cruelly oppressed +by the king of Spain, and a few of +his counsellors; the colonies are moderately +taxed by the whole body of +the British legislature. Is it credible +then, that, in order to free themselves +from the gentle tutorage of their parent, +they should run directly into the +jaws of ruin and slavery? It is more +probable that, when they hear of the +final determination of this point against +them by our parliament, the weight +and authority of that body, the most +august in the world, will make them +sit down, like the Cyder counties, +quiet under their burden.</p> + +<p>But should they be so far infatuated +as to act otherwise, it is in our power +to prevent any fatal consequence; the +British fleet can soon bring them to +reason; all their capital towns lie defenceless +on the edge of the shore, and +must always obey the dictates of the +tremendous mouths of cannon. This, +however, is the last argument which +<a class="pagenum" name="Page_36" title="36"> </a>ought to be used; for it is always of +consequence to preserve the affections +of subjects, to rule them by love rather +than fear: nothing but the utmost +contumacy, of which, I trust in +Heaven, they will never be guilty, +can justify such a violent measure.</p> + +<p class="center" style="margin: 6em auto 10em auto;"><span class="gesperrt">FINIS</span>.</p> + + + +<p class="center"><i>Speedily will be Published.</i></p> + +<p class="center"><i>In two Volumes Octavo, Price <span class="upright">10s.</span> sewed, or +<span class="upright">12s.</span> bound.</i></p> + + +<p class="drop-cap"><span class="smcap"><span class="first-word">An</span> Authentic Collection</span> of the +SPEECHES and DEBATES in the +<span class="smcap">British House of Commons</span> from the Year +1742, to the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in +1748. In the Debates of this Period, are many +important Motions arising from a Variety of +interesting Events, both Domestic and Foreign. +Several material Changes in the Administration, +were the Consequence of those Debates. +As the Attention of Parliament was occasionally +employed upon a long and expensive War +with both France and Spain, and the Suppression +of an unnatural and intestine Rebellion; +a Moment's Reflection will shew this to have +been one of the most important Periods in our +History. It is therefore to be regretted, that +these Debates have not been collated and digested +before, and that so necessary a Work +has been so long neglected; a Work so essentially +useful to every Member of Parliament, +and every Lover of Constitutional History. +These Debates which are principally compiled +from authentic Notes taken in the House, +are arranged partly upon the same Plan with +Chandler's Collection, which is brought down +to the Year 1742; but with such Improvements +from the Journals, and other authentic +Papers, as, it is presumed, will render them +worthy the Notice of every British Legislator.</p> + +<p class="center">Printed for <span class="smcap">J. Almon</span>, opposite <i>Burlington-House</i>, +in <i>Piccadilly</i>.</p> + + +<p class="center" style="margin-top: 3em;">Of whom may be had, just published;</p> + +<ol id="book-list"> +<li>The <span class="smcap">Double Mistake</span>; a new Comedy; +as it is now performing at the Theatre-Royal, +in Covent-Garden. 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Price 1s. 6d.</li> + +<li>THE SECURITY OF ENGLISHMEN's +LIVES; or the <span class="smcap">Trust</span>, <span class="smcap">Power</span>, +and <span class="smcap">Duty</span> of the GRAND JURIES of +ENGLAND, explained according to the +fundamentals of the English Government, and +the Declarations of the same made in Parliament +by many Statutes. First printed in the +Year, 1681. Written by the Right Honourable +JOHN <span class="smcap">Lord</span> SOMERS, Baron of +<span class="smcap">Evesham</span>, and <span class="smcap">Lord High Chancellor +of England</span>. Price 1s. 6d. + +<p>This excellent Tract has for many Years +been very scarce, although several Times +strongly recommended by the best Writers on +the English Constitution; and in particular by +the learned and able Author of the <cite>Letter +upon Libels and Warrants</cite>, &c. As that ingenious +Work treats so fully on the Rights and +Privileges of Petit and Special Juries; this admired +Performance, on the Subject of Grand +Juries, is thought to be its proper Companion: +and is therefore printed in the same Size, and +at the same Price.</p></li> + +<li>A LETTER concerning <span class="smcap">Juries</span>, +<span class="smcap">Libels</span>, <span class="smcap">Warrants</span>, the <span class="smcap">Seizure</span> of <span class="smcap">Papers</span>, +and <span class="smcap">Sureties</span> for the <span class="smcap">Peace</span> or <span class="smcap">Behaviour</span>. +With a View to some late Proceedings, +and the Defence of them by the +Majority, upon the Principles of <span class="smcap">Law</span> and +the <span class="smcap">Constitution</span>. Fifth Edition. Price +only 1s. 6d.</li> + +<li>A <ins title="POSTCRIPT">POSTSCRIPT</ins> to the same, second +Edition. 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