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diff --git a/old/32838-h.zip b/old/32838-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index b85db0b..0000000 --- a/old/32838-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/32838-h/32838-h.htm b/old/32838-h/32838-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index f75f147..0000000 --- a/old/32838-h/32838-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1806 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> - -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Canadian Curler's Manual by James Bicket - </title> - <style type="text/css"> - - body {margin-left: 15%; - margin-right: 15%; - } - - p {margin-top: .75em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .75em; - } - - h1 {text-align: center; - letter-spacing: .5em; - clear: both; - } - - h2 {text-align: center; - letter-spacing: .25em; - clear: both; - } - - h3,h4,h5 {text-align: center; - clear: both; - } - - hr { width: 100%; - margin: 2em auto; - clear: both; - height: 1px; - } - - hr.hr5 {width: 5%; - margin: 0 auto; - } - - hr.hr10 {width: 10%; - margin: .5em auto; - } - - hr.hr33 {width: 33%; - margin: .5em auto; - } - - hr.hr65 {width: 65%; - margin: 2em auto; - } - - table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} - - a:link {color: navy; text-decoration: none} /* unvisited link */ - a:visited {color: maroon; text-decoration: none} /* visited link */ - a:hover {text-decoration: underline} /* mouse over link */ - a:active {color: navy} /* selected link */ - - .pagenum { position: absolute; /* page numbers */ - left: 92%; - font-size: small; - text-align: right; - color: gray; - text-indent: 0; /* to override hangind */ - } - - .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} - .hangind {text-indent: -2em; /* hanging indent */ - margin-left: 5%;} - - .center {text-align: center;} - .right {text-align: right;} - .left {text-align: left;} - - .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - .wide {letter-spacing: .25em;} - .smfont {font-size: 90%;} - .lgfont {font-size: larger;} - .serfont {font-family: serif;} - - .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} - .footnote {margin-left: 5%; font-size: smaller;} - .footnote .label1 {position: absolute; right: 83%; text-align: right;} - .footnote .label2 {position: absolute; right: 79%; text-align: right;} - .fnanchor {vertical-align: top; font-size: .7em; text-decoration: none;} - - .poem1 {margin: .5em auto; display: block; text-align: center; - font-size: 85%;} - .poem1 br {display: none;} - .poem1 .stanza {margin: 1em 0em;} - .poem1 span.iq {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3.5em;} - .poem1 span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - .poem1 span.i8 {display: block; margin-left: 8em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - .poem1 span.i18 {display: block; margin-left: 18em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - - .poemtxt {margin: .5em 10% .5em 20%; display: block; text-align: left; - font-size: 80%;} - .poemtxt br {display: none;} - .poemtxt .line1 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3.3em;} - .poemtxt .line2 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} - - </style> - </head> -<body> - - -<pre> - -The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Canadian Curler's Manual, by James Bicket - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with -almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Canadian Curler's Manual - An account of curling, as practised in Canada: with remarks - on the history of the game - -Author: James Bicket - -Release Date: June 21, 2010 [EBook #32838] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CANADIAN CURLER'S MANUAL *** - - - - -Produced by René Anderson Benitz and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - - - - - -</pre> - -<div> -<div class="serfont"> -<h4>THE</h4> - -<h1>CANADIAN CURLER’S<br /> -MANUAL;</h1> - -<h5>OR</h5> - -<h2>AN ACCOUNT OF CURLING,</h2> - -<h5>AS PRACTISED</h5> - -<h2>IN CANADA:</h2> - -<h4>WITH REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE GAME.</h4> - -<hr class="hr33" /> - -<div class="poem1"> -<span class="iq">“When winter muffles up his cloak,<br /></span> -<span class="i0">And binds the mire like a rock, <br /></span> -<span class="i0"><span class="smcap">Then</span> to the loch the Curlers flock<br /></span> -<span class="i8">Wi’ gleesome speed.”<br /></span> -<span class="i18"><span class="smcap">Burns.</span></span> -</div> - -<hr class="hr33" /> - -<h3>BY JAMES BICKET,</h3> - -<h5>SECRETARY TO THE TORONTO CURLING CLUB.</h5> - -<hr class="hr33" /> - -<h4>TORONTO:</h4> - -<h5>PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE BRITISH COLONIST, FOR THE TORONTO<br /> -CURLING CLUB; SOLD ALSO BY HENRY ROWBELL.</h5> - -<hr class="hr5" /> - -<h4>HUGH SCOBIE, PRINTER.</h4> - -<hr class="hr5" /> - -<h4>1840.</h4> -</div> -<br /> - -<p class="center smfont"> -This reprint has been made possible<br /> -through the kindness of Mr. Thomas Rennie,<br /> -who loaned the original for the purpose.<br /> -</p> - -<hr class="hr65" /> - -<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.</h2> - -<div class="center"> -<table class="toc" border="0" cellpadding="2" width="65%" cellspacing="0" summary="CONTENTS"> - <tr> - <th align="center" colspan="2" class="wide" ><span class="smcap">Part I.</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td> </td> - <td align="right" class="smfont">Page</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC9" id="TOC9" href="#Page_9">Description of Curling</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC10" id="TOC10" href="#Stones">Stones</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC12" id="TOC12" href="#Rink">The Rink</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC13" id="TOC13" href="#Playing">Playing</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_13">13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC14" id="TOC14" href="#Sweeping">Sweeping</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC15" id="TOC15" href="#Game">The Game</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC20" id="TOC20" href="#Rules">Toronto Rules of Curling</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_20">20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC23" id="TOC23" href="#Glossary">Glossary, or Explanation of Curling Terms</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> - </tr> - <tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr> - <tr> - <th align="center" colspan="2" class="wide" ><span class="smcap">Part II.</span></th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC29" id="TOC29" href="#Page_29">Early History of Curling</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC31" id="TOC31" href="#Scotland">Curling in Scotland</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC34" id="TOC34" href="#Canada">Curling in Canada</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left"><a name="TOC38" id="TOC38" href="#Constitution">Constitution of the Toronto Club</a></td> - <td align="right"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> - </tr> -</table> -</div> - -<hr class="hr65" /> - -<div class="center"> -<span class="smfont">TO THE</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">PRESIDENT,</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">VICE-PRESIDENTS, MANAGERS,</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="smfont">AND</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">MEMBERS</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="smfont">OF THE</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">TORONTO CURLING CLUB,</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="lgfont wide">THIS MANUAL</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED,</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide">BY THEIR DEVOTED</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="wide" style= "margin-left: 8em;">HUMBLE SERVANT,</span><br /> -<br /> -<span class="lgfont wide" style= "margin-left: 14em;">THE AUTHOR.</span><br /> -</div> - -<hr class="hr65" /> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">- v -</a></span></p> - -<h2>PREFACE</h2> - -<p>This little pamphlet has been produced at -the request of the <span class="smcap">Toronto Curling Club</span>. -The original object in its publication was -simply to furnish the Members with a copy -of the Constitution of the Club, and of the -laws which they observe in playing. The -design is now extended, so as to embrace a -general description of Curling, with a brief -history of the Game; and by thus making it -to be understood, by those who have never -seen it played, or who may have been only -occasional spectators, to induce a more general -participation in this most healthful and -exhilarating amusement.</p> - -<p>It is gratifying to observe the success of the -efforts which have been made in this country, -during the last few years, to promote and -encourage the Game. It is now becoming, -and must become, a favorite in Canada. It -is admirably adapted to this climate, where -the winter is generally cold enough to ensure<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">- vi -</a></span> -good ice, and seldom so severe as to render -the exercise unpleasant. Being played in the -open air, during a season when few out-of-door -recreations can be enjoyed, it is well calculated -to counteract the enfeebling influence of -confinement to our close and heated winter -houses. Many objections which may be -brought against other sports, are not applicable -to this. It calls up none of the low and -degrading passions of our nature. Notwithstanding -the intense interest which Curlers -may feel in a well contested match, no -betting ever takes place among them; the -excitement arising from gambling, therefore, -is altogether removed from the rink. Intoxication -on the ice is also unknown among -good players. The nice equilibrium of body -and the firmness of nerve, essential to scientific -Curling, would disappear on the first -symptom of such a state. But the Game is -sufficiently interesting without any extraneous -stimulant. While it imparts vigour to -every limb, and every muscle, it engages the -attention and awakens the judgment; and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">- vii -</a></span> -thus brings into healthful excitement those -powers of the body and of the mind, the due -exercise of which the Creator has allied with -pleasure.</p> - -<p>In the observations which will be found on -the early history of Curling, a liberal use has -been made of a small but valuable work on -the subject, published anonymously, in Kilmarnock, -in 1828. To the same authority -the writer is indebted for the derivation of -several of the words to be found in the Glossary, -and it is only doing the Compilers of the -work referred to, an act of justice, which they -can have no wish should be omitted, to state, -that they have availed of “Doctor Jamieson’s -Dictionary,” “Brewster’s Encyclopedia,” and -an “Account of Curling, by a Member of the -Duddingstone Society.” These, unfortunately, -are not at present accessible to the -writer. During the present year, he ordered -from Edinburgh such publications on the -Game, as could be found; but was disappointed -on learning, that several excellent -Treatises which he expected to receive, are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">- viii -</a></span> -now out of print—the only works which his -Correspondent could procure, being the -“Annual of the Grand Caledonian Curling -Club” and the “Rules of Curling, by Pretostes.”</p> - -<p>The writer has affixed his name to this work—conceiving -that from his official connection -with the Toronto Curling Club, since its -establishment, this may lend some weight to -the opinions, and some authority to the statements -therein contained.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Toronto</span>, 30th <span class="smcap">November</span>, 1840.</p> - -<hr class="hr65" /> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">- 9 -</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="PART_I" id="PART_I"></a>PART I.</h2> - -<p><span class="smcap">Curling.</span>—Is a Game played upon the ice, -by sliding stones, made for the purpose, from -one point to another. In some respects it -resembles Bowling, but with these differences, -that the stones are slidden upon the ice, not -rolled—neither are they made like Bowls, to -curve on their passage; the points, also, to -which the stones are played are stationary, -whereas in Bowling the Jack is moveable; and -in Curling, the ice in the path of the stone -may be polished by sweeping—and thus the -players may compensate for the want of force -with which a stone may have been thrown.</p> - -<p>Pennant, in his “Tour through Scotland” -gives the following rough description of the -Game:—“Of all the sports in those parts, that -of Curling is the favorite. It is an amusement -of the winter, and played upon the ice, -by sliding from one mark to another, great -stones of 40 to 70 lbs. weight, of a hemispherical -form, with a wooden or iron handle -at top. The object of the player is to lay -his stone as near the mark as possible, to -guard that of his partner which has been well<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">- 10 -</a></span> -laid before, or to strike off that of his antagonist.” -Such is a brief outline of that Game, -a fuller description of which is attempted in -the following pages.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Stones" id="Stones">Stones.</a></span>—These -are made of granite, or of -any other stone which is hard, free from sand, -and not liable to break. They are cut into a -spherical form, flattened at top and bottom, -and the angles rounded off and polished, -particularly that at the sole. The handle is -inserted in the top. Though they must all -be made circular, the proportion of the diameter -to the thickness varies in different -districts; some being made more and some -less than twice as wide as they are thick. The -Grand Caledonian Curling Club has lately -suggested the following scale—the first attempt -that has been made to regulate the -proportions of Curling Stones—and which for -the sake of uniformity, it is hoped, will be -adopted, viz:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot smfont"> -<p>“When the weight is under</p> - -<table border="0" cellpadding="1" width="60%" cellspacing="0" summary="STONE"> - <tr> - <td align="left">35 lbs.</td> - <td align="center">imp., the height not to be more than</td> - <td align="right">4¼</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left">38 lbs.</td> - <td> </td> - <td align="left">4½</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left">41 lbs.</td> - <td> </td> - <td align="left">4¾</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left">44 lbs.</td> - <td> </td> - <td align="left">5</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left">47 lbs.</td> - <td> </td> - <td align="left">5¼</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td align="left">50 lbs.</td> - <td> </td> - <td align="left">5½</td> - <td align="right">inches.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>“Whatever be the diameter or weight, the height<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">- 11 -</a></span> -ought never to exceed 6⅛ inches, nor be less than 4¼ -inches—None ought to be allowed in a set game of -greater diameter than 12 inches, nor of a greater weight -than 50 lbs. imperial.”</p> -</div> - -<p>Stones are sometimes so finished as to slide -on either of the flattened surfaces, one of -which in such cases, is made slightly concave, -and on this side the stone is played when the -ice is hard and keen; the other, a little convex, -being used when the ice is soft and dull.</p> - -<p>In some parts of Canada, where suitable -stone cannot readily be procured, iron or -wood has been substituted. At Quebec and -Montreal, castings of iron, in the shape of -Curling Stones, are played with—the intensity -of the cold there, rendering the stones -liable to break on striking against one another. -Iron is used also by the Curlers of Dundas, in -the Gore District; and at Guelph, where the -Game has some ardent admirers, they play -with blocks of hard wood. At Toronto, and -the Curling localities in the neighborhood, -stones only have been used; part having been -imported from Scotland, and others having -been made by the stone-cutter to the Club, -from blocks of excellent quality picked up by -him on the land in the vicinity. Several of -the stones imported to Toronto have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">- 12 -</a></span> -made from Ailsa Craig, which, it appears, has -long been known as an excellent material for -the purpose; one of those now referred to -having been played with by the father of the -present owner, at least sixty years ago.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Rink" id="Rink">The Rink.</a></span>—The -ice on which the game is -played is called the Rink. This should be a -sheet of fifty yards in length and four yards -in width; perfectly free from every inequality. -At the distance of four yards from each end -of the rink, and in the middle crosswise, a -circular hole is made, about an inch in diameter -and the same in depth, called the “tee.” -Round the tee two or more circular lines are -drawn, the largest having a diameter of about -five feet, the others smaller and at intermediate -distances. The space within the largest -circle is called the “brough.” The use of the -circular lines is to shew, while the game is -being played, the comparative nearness of the -stones to the tee; actual measurement not -being allowed until all the stones have been -played to one end of the rink. A line is also -drawn across the tee, at right angles with the -rink lengthwise, and extending to the outermost -circle, the use of which will be shewn<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">- 13 -</a></span> -in the remarks relating to sweeping. At the -distance of seven yards from each of the tees -a line is drawn across the rink, called the -“hog-score,” and stones which on being played -do not pass this score are called “hogs” and -lose for that time the chance of counting, -being distanced or thrown off the rink.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Playing" id="Playing">Playing.</a></span>—When the player is about to -throw his stones, he places himself at one end -of the rink, rests his right foot in a notch, or -“hack” made in the ice,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1" href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> and in such a relation -to the tee that when he delivers his stone -it must pass over it. He is directed by one of -the players of his own party, styled the “skip” -who stands at or near the tee to which the stone -is to be played, and who usually makes use -of his broom to indicate the point to which, -or the line along which, he wishes the stone -to be played. Should the stone be delivered -with the proper degree of strength, and in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">- 14 -</a></span> -direction pointed out to the player by the -skip, it will either rest at the spot required, -or receiving, as the skip intended, a new -direction by coming in contact with some -other stone, will effect the desired purpose. -The player on delivering his stone raises it -off the ice, and swinging it once behind him -to acquire a proper <i>impetus</i>, and to make -surer of his aim, keeping his eye, at the same -time, steadily fixed on the broom of the skip, -or on any stone, or other object towards or -against which he may be desired to play, -throws it in that direction. The stone reaching -the ice on its sole about two feet in front -of the player—his body naturally following -the same direction until the stone be fairly -delivered.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1" href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label1">[1]</span></a> Other -contrivances than the hack are used in some places to -prevent the foot of the player from slipping. Sometimes a thin -board is laid on the ice, on which he places both his feet. At -Toronto, the hack is considered the best, and although the Club -has “crampits” for the benefit of those accustomed to them, they -are required only by strangers or novices, experience demonstrating -their uselessness.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Sweeping" id="Sweeping">Sweeping.</a></span>—For the purpose of Sweeping, -every player is furnished with a broom, by -means of which the ice may sometimes be so -polished that a stone may reach the tee, -which, without sweeping, could not have -passed the hog score. When a stone, therefore, -in its progress up the rink appears to -the skip to have been thrown with insufficient -force, he directs his party to sweep the ice in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">- 15 -</a></span> -its path. The party opposed to that whose -stone is coming up is not allowed to sweep in -front of the line drawn across the brough, but -may sweep behind it, so as to let the stone, -if it should pass the tee, go far enough beyond -it, to lose the chance of counting.</p> - -<p>The brooms used in Scotland are usually -made of “broom,” sometimes of birch twigs, -and occasionally of heather, as one or other -may be found most convenient to the place of -playing. In Canada, “corn brooms” which -have been used for domestic purposes a sufficient -length of time to be stripped of the -knotty parts which might break off and -obstruct the progress of the stone, have been -found to be the best. Some Curlers in Scarboro’, -near Toronto, who have immigrated -from Lanarkshire, have imported stocks of -the genuine Scotch broom, which, under their -cultivation, thrives so well as to promise to -supersede the use of every other material.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Game" id="Game">The Game.</a></span>—The usual mode of playing -the game is with 16 stones on a rink. This -number is sufficient to impart interest to the -playing, and more would towards the end of -the head, crowd the ice. Sometimes these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">- 16 -</a></span> -are played by four players on each side, playing -two stones each, which mode may be preferable -when a few only are exercising for -practice; but in such case the sweeping, which—unless -the ice be very keen—is essential to -success, can never be properly attended to, as -the skip and player being sufficiently occupied -in their own departments, only two brooms -can be effectively employed at the same time. -The most interesting game, therefore, is -where there are sixteen players on a rink, with -one stone each, eight players on each side; -and a game so played is now to be described.</p> - -<p>The parties determine by lot which is to -“have the ice” or in other words, which is to -play the first stone. It is doubtful whether -it be an advantage to win the ice, as the party -who loses this plays the last stone—the most -important in determining the result of the -head. The side who wins the end plays the -first stone on the end following.</p> - -<p>The skip of the party who is to play first, -stationing himself on that tee towards which -the stones are to be thrown, directs the player -who is to “lead” or play the first stone, on his -side. When this stone is played the skip of -the opposite party takes the same post, pointing -out to his first player how he wishes his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">- 17 -</a></span> -stone to be played. Each side plays one -stone alternately, and the object of each -successive player is to draw nearer the tee -than any of his opponents, to strike out their -winning shots, or to guard the winners of his -own party. The earlier stages of the end -therefore appear simple enough; but after -the first eight or ten stones have been played, -especially when they have been played well, -the game becomes more intricate and more -interesting. One party may have a stone -covering the tee, apparently guarded on every -side, and impregnable to attack, the stones of -their opponents having only strengthened its -position; yet some stone which, either from a -<i>ruse</i> on the part of the director, or from being -badly played, has rested near the edge of the -rink and seems to be lost for that end, may -furnish a point to which another stone may -be slidden, and receiving thence a new direction -may reach the winner, and removing -it from the tee, become itself the winning -stone.</p> - -<p>The director generally plays the last stone -on his own side. The seventh player is -usually appointed to that position in the order -of the game on account of his being a correct -and powerful player, so that he may, when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">- 18 -</a></span> -necessary, open up a path for the stone of the -“hind hand.”</p> - -<p>When the stones are all played to one end -of the rink, the game is counted, and every -stone which either party has nearer the tee -than any stone of their opponents, counts one -shot or point; and such portion of the game -is styled an “end” or “head.”</p> - -<p>The number of shots in a game is variable, -depending on agreement. The Toronto Club -usually play for 31, in a regular game; and -in their matches among themselves, or with -the Scarboro’ Curlers, when more than one -rink has been engaged, the practice has been, -either to play to an hour specified, or to stop -before that hour should the aggregate shots of -either party on all the rinks collectively -amount to thirty-one for each rink. In -Scotland, where the continuance of the curling -season is very precarious, all who have it -in their power, play the whole of every day -while the ice will permit, and, consequently, -the number of shots played for is more uniform. -At Toronto, where Curling may be -practised almost daily, fully three months in -the year, the rink is resorted to for one or two -hours’ recreation, and seven, thirteen, or -twenty-one shots are frequently fixed on as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">- 19 -</a></span> -the game, according to the time intended to -be devoted to the exercise.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><span class="smcap"><a name="Rules" id="Rules">Laws of the Game.</a></span>—In every district of -Scotland, and in almost every club, some -differences are to be found in the mode of -conducting the game. Little difficulty, however, -is there experienced from the want of -written laws, the <i>lex non scripta</i> of every -parish or county being perfectly understood -where it is in force. Still in Edinburgh and -a few other places where Curlers from distant -Clubs are likely to meet, it has been found -necessary to have their laws reduced to writing -so that from whatever part of the country the -player might come, he could not be ignorant -of the rules by which his playing was to be -governed. At Toronto, the want of a written -code of laws, was for a number of years, felt -to be inconvenient—few of the original -Curlers having been accustomed to play -exactly according to the same system. It -was, therefore, one of the first objects of the -Toronto Curling Club, after its formation, to -draw up a set of Rules, founded on the prevailing -practice in Scotland. The following, -therefore, were agreed to—and although not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">- 20 -</a></span> -applicable to every case that may be conceived, -they have been found sufficient to -decide, satisfactorily, every difficulty that has -occurred during the experience of four years; -and have been cheerfully agreed to by the -Scarboro’ Curlers, in their matches with those -of Toronto.</p> - -<div class="blockquot smfont"> -<p>1st.—The Rink to be forty-two -yards from tee to tee,<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2" href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> -unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties. When a -game is begun the rink cannot be changed or altered -unless by the consent of a majority of players, and it -can be shortened only when it is apparent that a majority -cannot play the length.</p> - -<p>2nd.—The hog score must be distant from the tee -one-sixth part of the length of the rink. Every stone -to be deemed a hog, the sole of which, when at rest, -does not completely clear the score.</p> - -<p>3rd.—Every player to foot so that in delivering his -stone, it shall pass over the tee.</p> - -<p>4th.—The order of playing adopted at the beginning -must not be changed during a game.</p> - -<p>5th.—Curling-stones must be of a circular shape. -No stone to be changed during a game,<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3" href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> unless -it happen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">- 21 -</a></span> -to be broken; and the largest fragment of such stone -to count, without any necessity of playing with it more. -If a stone roll or be upset, it must be placed upon its -sole where it stops. Should the handle quit a stone in -the delivery, the player must keep hold of it, otherwise -he will not be entitled to replay the shot.</p> - -<p>6th.—The player may sweep his own stone the whole -length of the rink; his party not to sweep until it has -passed the first hog score, and his adversaries not to -sweep until it has passed the tee—the sweeping to be -always to a side.</p> - -<p>7th.—None of the players, on any account, to cross -or go upon the middle of the rink.</p> - -<p>8th.—If, in sweeping or otherwise, a running stone is -marred by any of the party to which it belongs, it must -be put off the rink; if by any of the adverse party, it -must be placed agreeably to the direction which was -given to the player; and if it be marred by any other -means, the player may take his shot again. Should a -stone at rest be accidentally displaced, it must be put -as near as possible in its former situation.</p> - -<p>9th.—Every player must be ready when his turn -comes,<a name="FNanchor_4_4" id="FNanchor_4_4" href="#Footnote_4_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a> and -must take only a reasonable time to play -his shot—should he, by mistake, play with a wrong -stone, it must be replaced where it stops, by the one -which he ought to have played.</p> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">- 22 -</a></span> -10th.—A doubtful shot must be measured by a -neutral person, whose determination shall be final.</p> - -<p>11th.—The skips alone shall direct the game. The -players of the respective skips may offer them their -advice, but cannot control their directions; nor is any -person, except the skip, to address him who is about to -play. Each skip may appoint one of his party to take -charge for him, when he is about to play. Every player -to follow the direction given to him.</p> - -<p>12th.—Should any question arise, the determination -of which may not be provided for by the words and -spirit of the preceding Rules, each party to choose one -of their number, in order to determine it. If the two -so chosen differ in opinion, they are to name an umpire, -whose decision shall be final.</p> - -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2" href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label2">[2]</span></a> The -Grand Caledonian Curling Club recommend that rinks -have double tees at each end, the one at least two yards behind the -other; the whole four to be nearly as possible on the same line. -The stones are to be delivered from the outer tee and played towards -the inner; this saves the ice from being injured around the tee -played up to.</p> - -<p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3" href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label2">[3]</span></a> With -regard to double-soled stones, the Grand Caledonian -Curling Club has a law that the side commenced with shall not, -under forfeiture of the match, be changed during the progress of -the game.</p> - -<p><a name="Footnote_4_4" id="Footnote_4_4" href="#FNanchor_4_4"><span class="label2">[4]</span></a> An -excellent method of obviating the confusion which is sometimes -experienced in the early ends of a game, by players being -doubtful of their places is, that before commencing, the players on -each side of a rink should “fall in” in the order in which it is intended -they shall play, and “number off from right to left.” The player -who makes a mistake after this has been done is fit neither for a -Curler nor a Soldier. This method has been practised at Toronto -since the winter of 1837-38—when military terms and ideas were -infused into every department of life.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p>When a few players are curling for practice, -or recreation, some of the above laws may not -be rigidly enforced; but any relaxation should -always be noticed, so that there may be no -difficulty in strictly adhering to them when -playing a Bonspiel, or set game.</p> - -<hr class="hr10" /> - -<p><a name="Glossary" id="Glossary">The preceding</a> account has been, as far as -practicable, divested of technical terms, in -order that it might be the more intelligible -to the uninitiated. Many of the words and -phrases, however, used in Curling are peculiar -to the game—throwing light on its origin and -history,—and it would now be as difficult for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">- 23 -</a></span> -Curlers to abolish the language of the rink, -as it would be for the gentlemen of certain -learned professions, to substitute the Queen’s -English for their most unclassical Latin. An -explanation of the following terms, which are -in constant use, is therefore indispensable in -a work of this nature;</p> - -<div class="hangind"> -<p><i>Angled Guard</i>—A stone which obliquely covers -or guards one stone or more.</p> - -<p><i>Bias</i>—An inclination in the ice, tending to -lead a stone off the direction given to it -by the player.</p> - -<p><i>Block the ice</i>—See “fill the ice.”</p> - -<p><i>Boardhead</i>—See “brough.”</p> - -<p><i>Bonspel</i>, <i>bonspiel</i>, <i>bonspeel</i>—(French, <i>bon</i>, -good, and Belgic, <i>spell</i>, a play—a good -game; or Suio-Gothic, <i>bonne</i>, a husbandman; -or Belgic, <i>bonne</i>, a village or district; -because one district challenges -another to play at this game.) A match -at Curling between two opposite parties.</p> - -<p><i>Break an egg on</i>—To strike one stone very -gently with another.</p> - -<p><i>Brough</i>—(Alemanic, <i>bruchus</i>, a camp, often -circular). The space within the largest -circle drawn round the tee.</p> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">- 24 -</a></span> -<i>Channel-stane</i>—A Curling stone is so named -in the southern counties of Scotland, probably -from stones found in streams having -been first used for curling.</p> - -<p><i>Chuckle to</i>—To make two or more inwicks up -a port to a given stone.</p> - -<p><i>Creep</i>—(Come creeping up the rink) the -stones are said to creep when they are -thrown with little force.</p> - -<p><i>Curling</i>—(German, <i>kurzweillin</i>, to play for -amusement; or Teutonic, <i>krullen</i>, <i>krollen</i>, -<span class="smcap">sinuare</span>, to bend,—as the great art of -the game is to make the stones <i>bend</i>, -<i>twist</i> (<i>quod vide</i>), <span class="smcap">Curl</span>, towards the -mark, when they cannot reach it in a -straight line.) Sliding stones along the -ice towards a mark.</p> - -<p><i>Dead guard</i>—A stone which completely covers -another, concealing it from the view of -the next player, is a dead guard upon that -other.</p> - -<p><i>Deliver</i>—To throw the stone.</p> - -<p><i>Director</i>—The same as “skip” or “skipper.”</p> - -<p><i>Draw a shot</i>—to play to a spot pointed out by -the director, having no other stone to -strike or rest upon.</p> - -<p><i>Dour</i>, <i>drug</i>, <i>dull</i>—The state of the ice when the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">- 25 -</a></span> -stone cannot easily be thrown the length -of the rink.</p> - -<p><i>End</i>—That portion of the game in which the -stones are all played to one end of the -rink.</p> - -<p><i>Guard</i>—To lay a stone in a line before another; -or the stone so laid.</p> - -<p><i>Hack</i>, <i>or hatch</i>—(Icelandic, <i>hiaka</i>, or Suio-Gothic, -<i>hacka</i>, a chop, cut, or crack), a -cut in the ice, in which the player places -his foot to prevent it from slipping as he -delivers his stone.</p> - -<p><i>Head</i>—See “End.”</p> - -<p><i>Hindhand</i>—He who plays the last stone on -his side.</p> - -<p><i>Hog Score</i>—The line drawn across the rink, -about seven yards from the tee; stones -which do not pass this are thrown aside.</p> - -<p><i>How ice</i>—The ice in the middle of the rink, -<i>hollowed</i> by the friction of the stones; also -called <i>white ice</i>.</p> - -<p><i>Inring</i>, <i>inwick</i>—See “<i>Wicking</i>.”</p> - -<p><i>Keen</i>—The opposite of dour.</p> - -<p><i>Leader</i>—He who plays first in order in his -party.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">- 26 -</a></span></p> - -<p><i>Lie in the bosom of</i>—To play a stone so as -gently to touch and lie before another.</p> - -<p><i>Outwick</i>—See “<i>Wicking</i>.”</p> - -<p><i>Pat lid</i>—A Curling stone lying on the tee.</p> - -<p><i>Port</i>—An opening between two stones, wide -enough to admit another to be played -through.</p> - -<p><i>Rack</i>—A word used in some districts instead -of rink.</p> - -<p><i>Redd the ice</i>—(Icelandic, <i>rada</i> <span class="smcap">ordinare</span>, to -put in order; also, to warn, to advise,) -to clear the ice, or to break the guards -with a stone strongly played, so as to -expose the tee or the winner; to “ride” -successfully.</p> - -<p><i>Rest</i>—To draw to any object or point so as -not to pass it.</p> - -<p><i>Ride</i>—To throw a stone with great force -towards one or more other stones, in -order to remove them from their position.</p> - -<p><i>Rink</i>—The ice on which the game is played.</p> - -<p><i>Shot</i>—A stone played; in another sense, a -stone which counts.</p> - -<p><i>Skip</i>, <i>or skipper</i>—(Probably from Suio-Gothic, -<i>skeppare</i>, a master), a director.</p> - -<p><i>Tee</i>—(Icelandic, <i>tia</i>, to point out the place;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">- 27 -</a></span> -or, Teutonic, <i>tygh-en</i>, to point to), the -winning point to which the stones are -played.</p> - -<p><i>Twist</i>—To give to a stone, on its being delivered, -a rotary motion, so that it revolves -on its sole as it slides along the -rink, and bends from the straight line, -when the force with which it has been -thrown is nearly exhausted.</p> - -<p><i>Wicking</i>, <i>wick</i>, <i>inwick</i>—(Suio-Gothic, <i>wick</i>, a -corner; or Teutonic, <i>wyck</i>, a turning), to -make a stone take an oblique direction by -striking another on the side.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">- 28 -</a></span></p> -<!--BLANK PAGE--> - -<hr class="hr65" /> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">- 29 -</a></span></p> - -<h2><a name="PART_II" id="PART_II"></a>PART II.</h2> - -<h3>HISTORY OF CURLING</h3> - -<p>The early history of Curling is involved in -such obscurity, that the time even of the -antiquarians might be better employed in -eating Beef and Greens, or in playing the -Game, than in endeavoring to discover its -origin. Some of these gentlemen have, from -the definition given of a certain word in an -old dictionary, come to the conclusion that -Curling was originally the game of quoits -played upon the ice. Kilian, in his Etymologica -Teutonicae Linguoe, renders the Teutonic -words “<i>kluyten</i>,” “<i>kalluyten</i>,” <i>ludere -massis, sive globis glaciatis; certare discis in -aequore glaciato</i>. The term kluyte, or klyte, is -still used in some parts of Scotland, where it -always signifies to “fall flat” or to fall so that -the broadest part of the falling body first -comes in contact with the ground; but it -never has any reference to moving on a plane -surface. The words <i>ludere</i> and <i>certare</i> throw -no light on the manner in which the <i>globus</i> or -<i>discus</i> was used. But until it can be shown -that they were moved upon the ice—not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">- 30 -</a></span> -pitched through the air—it is difficult to perceive -the relation between “kluyten” and -curling. As soon as the stones were played by -being slidden—if the antiquarians could only -determine the period of that event—a new -game was introduced, affording opportunities -equal to those of the quoit for muscular exercise, -and a much wider field for the exercise of -the judgment.</p> - -<p>The earliest notice of Curling which has -been discovered is in Cambden’s Britannia, -published in 1607. In it, Coppinsha, one of -the Orkney islands, is mentioned as famous -for “excellent stones for the game called -Curling.” This shows that it was then in -considerable repute. In the “Life of William -Guthrie”, who in the year 1644 was ordained -minister of Fenwick, in Ayrshire, it is stated -that he was fond of the innocent recreations -which then prevailed, “among which was -Curling.” In 1684, the game is taken notice -of in Fountainhall’s Decisions. Pennycuik, -also in the seventeenth century, declares that</p> - -<div class="poemtxt"> -<p><span class="line1">“To curl on the ice doth greatly please,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">Being a manly Scottish exercise.”</span></p> -</div> - -<p>And he celebrates the game as calculated</p> - -<div class="poemtxt"> -<p><span class="line1">“To clear the brain, stir up the native heart,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">And give a gallant appetite for meat.”</span></p> -</div> - -<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">- 31 -</a></span> -Ramsay has alluded to Curling. Burns, in -“Tam Samson’s Elegy” shows, in few words -that he himself understood the game. -Grahame, the author of the “Sabbath” has -illumined the rink with the lustre of his own -genius; and Curling forms the subject of a -beautiful part of “Fisher’s Winter Season.”</p> - -<p><a name="Scotland" id="Scotland">Though</a> the game has never been universal -in Scotland, it has long been practised in -almost every county south of the Forth and -the Clyde. The shires of Ayr, Renfrew, -Lanark and Dumfries are remarkable for their -attachment to Curling. It is played in Perthshire, -the Countess of Mansfield, being now -patroness of the Scone and Perth Club; but -we are not aware of its having been, until -lately, practised farther north. In Aberdeen—that -city of northern lights—it is unknown. -The Editor of the Aberdeen Herald, who is a -native of a Curling district, laments in his -paper of 13th January, 1838—that all was -then bound up in the icy stillness of the season, -and that in a place abounding with the material -for making admirable curling stones, and -with arms strong enough to wield them,</p> - -<div class="poemtxt"> -<p><span class="line1">“No friendly combatants contested the field.”</span></p> -</div> - -<p>The game was played near Inverness, in 1838, -when Loch-na-Sanais (or the whispering lake),<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">- 32 -</a></span> -with the picturesque hills of Tomnahurich and -Torvain, echoed, for the first time, to the -booming of the stones over the ice.</p> - -<p>Curling has long been held in high estimation -in Edinburgh. About the beginning of -last century “the magistrates marched in a -body to the North Loch, to spend the day in -Curling. In going and returning they were -preceded by a band of music, playing appropriate -airs.” It was the custom in Paisley, -not many years ago, to send round the town -drummer, after two or three nights’ hard frost, -to proclaim to the inhabitants where the -Curlers should meet in the morning; and in -the morning, should the frost continue, hundreds -might be seen—manufacturers, bailies, -weavers, and clergymen,—resorting promiscuously -to the rendezvous; for on the ice all are -on a <i>level</i>—all ordinary distinctions in society -are, for the time, forgotten in the love of the -game, and the noble and the learned are there -willing to be directed by the most skilful -player, though this should happen to be the -humblest of their neighbors.</p> - -<p>In some of the agricultural districts of -Scotland, the extent of Curling Clubs is regulated -by the legal divisions of the country, -being again sub-divided among themselves<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">- 33 -</a></span> -into rinks, who always play together under -their respective skips;—the organization -resembling in many respects that of the Militia -of Canada—and on the occasion of a contest -with another club, every man who, if in this -country should be liable to serve as a soldier, -turns out willingly for the honour of his <i>corps</i>. -There, however, age procures no exemption -from service. In the words of Grahame,</p> - -<div class="poemtxt"> -<p><span class="line1">“When rival parishes and shrievedoms keep,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">On upland loch, the long expected tryst,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">To play their yearly bonspiel, <span class="smcap">aged men</span>,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">Smit with the eagerness of youth, <span class="smcap">are there</span>,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">While love of conquest lights their beamless eyes,</span><br /> -<span class="line2">New nerves their arms and makes them young once more.”</span><br /></p> -</div> - -<p>On 20th January, 1838, the parish of Lesmahagow, -in Lanarkshire, met the neighboring -club of Avondale, on a sheet of ice, near -Strathaven. Each club consisted of twenty-one -rinks of eight players, making the number -of players on each side one hundred and sixty-eight, -so that three hundred and thirty-six -Curlers were engaged in the match. Such a -bonspiel as this may not take place every -season, but this instance, which is referred to, -as being of recent occurrence, is sufficient to -shew the interest which in such districts is -taken in the game, and, also, the excellence of -the organization which could bring so many -players together on a notice so short as that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">- 34 -</a></span> -which can be given, where the continuance of -hard frost cannot be depended on.</p> - -<p><a name="Canada" id="Canada">It is</a> now about twenty years since Curling -was introduced to Canada, and since that time -the game has been regularly played at Quebec -and Montreal. The Clubs of those Cities, in -imitation of their friends on the other side of -the Atlantic, have occasional contests with -each other. The match which they last had, -came off in March of the present year, and -was played at both places on the same day—one-half -of the players from each City having -proceeded to the other—so that the result of -the joint game could not be known at either -place, until the parties had time to communicate. -A few years ago, the Bonspiel took -place at Three Rivers. The distance which, -in those cases, the players had to travel, sufficiently -shows how warmly they are devoted -to the game.</p> - -<p>During the last winter, the officers stationed -at some of the posts to the south of Montreal, -relieved the monotony of military duty, by -engaging in Curling. The game has been -practised at Perth, in the Bathurst District, -although now fallen into disuse there. At -Niagara, a rink was formed four years ago, -one gentleman having imported a sufficient<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">- 35 -</a></span> -number of stones for their use, and great -interest is now taken in the sport. At Newmarket, -about 30 miles to the north of -Toronto, there is a Curling Club, the minister, -like many of his brethren at home, being an -active promoter of the game, and an exact and -skilful player. Curling is now also a favorite -amusement at Dundas at the head of Lake -Ontario; at Guelph, in the new District of -Wellington; and at Fergus, in the township of -Nicholl. There are also, many first-rate -players in Scarboro’ who are always ready to -measure their strength, in numbers and skill, -with those of Toronto, and both enjoy the -<i>certaminis gaudia</i> in their annual bonspiel. -They played at Toronto, on 12th February -last, with twenty-four players aside, when -their Excellencies the Governor General and -the Lieutenant Governor were spectators of -the game.</p> - -<p>The Fergus Club has been mentioned above, -but is worthy of more particular notice, being -perhaps, the first which was regularly organized -in Upper Canada. The settlement of -that neighborhood was begun in 1834, and the -gloom of the first winter was dispelled by the -introduction of the game. In the course of -the winter following, the Honourable Adam<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">- 36 -</a></span> -Fergusson, who is the principal proprietor and -the enlightened founder of the settlement, -succeeded in forming the players into a club, -of which he was the first President, and which -now numbers upwards of thirty members. -They play with blocks of hard wood, turned -to the proper shape, which they have found to -answer the purpose, except when the ice is -dull. The experiment has been made of loading -the blocks with lead, in order that the size -and weight may bear about the same proportion -to each other as in Curling stones, and -this they consider a decided improvement.</p> - -<p>The example of the Curlers of Fergus, in -constituting a club, ought to be followed in -every neighborhood where there are players -sufficient for one rink. The permanency of -the game and opportunities of playing may -thus be secured in places where, without such -arrangement, the greatest difficulty might be -experienced in bringing the players together. -Although the game has been played at -Toronto, every winter, since 1829, it was never -enjoyed to the same extent as it has been since -the formation of the Club in 1836. By the -judicious arrangement of the managers, in -appointing the hours of playing, and in having -the ice ready before the Curlers meet, the time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">- 37 -</a></span> -which was formerly wasted in preparations -that may be performed by laborers, is now -spent in the game; and thus the recreation -can be shared by many, who should otherwise, -by the nature of their occupations, be excluded -from the rink. Wherever, on this continent, -Curling has been introduced and not continued, -its decline is attributable to the want -of that system which the proper organization -of a club would ensure. Wherever Curlers -have been united, in the way now recommended, -they have been enabled to attract -constant accessions to their numbers, and, by -spreading throughout their respective neighborhoods -a love of the game, to establish its -permanency beyond the chance of decay.</p> - -<p>Mr. John Graham, of New York, the best -authority in the United States, in every -matter connected with Scottish nationality, -as existing there,—and who permits his name -to be used on this occasion,—stated during his -recent visit to Toronto, that the game was -sometimes played at New York, but there -being no Club, a special arrangement was -always necessary before any meeting on the -ice could take place. If the New York -curlers were to unite, there can be no doubt -that the game would “go a-head” there, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">- 38 -</a></span> -that in a few winters hence, we should hear of -their having a bonspiel with their friends in -Canada, either at Montreal or Toronto.</p> - -<p>A few plain rules are sufficient for the -government of a Curling Club. The following -Constitution, which was agreed upon by the -Toronto Curlers, has been found to answer -every purpose for which it was intended. A -few additional regulations have since been -made, but these are only of a local or temporary -nature.</p> - -<br /><br /> - -<h2><a name="Constitution" id="Constitution">CONSTITUTION</a></h2> - -<h5>OF THE</h5> - -<h2>TORONTO CURLING CLUB</h2> -<hr class="hr5" /> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 1st.—The Office-bearers of the -Club shall consist of a President, two Vice-Presidents, -four Managers, and a Secretary -and Treasurer, who, after the first election, -shall be elected at the Annual Meeting in -December, to be called as provided in Article -5th.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 2nd.—Any person wishing to become -a Member, may be proposed at any -regular Meeting of the Club, and if the proposal -be seconded, the election shall proceed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">- 39 -</a></span> -when the votes of a majority of three-fourths -of the Members present, and the payment of -the Entrance Fee and of one year’s subscription, -as provided in Article 3rd, shall be -required for the admission of the applicant.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 3rd.—In order to provide a Fund -to meet necessary expenses, Members shall -pay on admission the sum of —— as entrance -fee, and also the sum of —— as their -first year’s subscription; and shall afterwards -pay such annual subscription as may be -determined by the Club at the Annual -Meeting.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 4th.—The Committee shall draw -up the Rules of the Game according to the -prevailing practice in Scotland; which Rules, -when entered on the Books of the Club and -read at a regular Meeting, shall regulate the -playing, and shall be decisive in all disputes -among the Members; and may also, in case of -playing with other Clubs, regulate the match, -unless objected to by such other Club.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 5th.—The Annual Meeting, when -Office-bearers shall be elected, shall be held on -the first Tuesday of December; and regular -Meetings shall also be held on the first -Tuesday in January, February and March in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">- 40 -</a></span> -every year, at such place as the President may -appoint; to be properly intimated to the -Members; and occasional Meetings of the -Club may also be called by the President, -whenever he may consider it expedient.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 6th.—Members shall pay their -annual subscription to the Treasurer within -one month after the amount of the same shall -be determined; and on failing to do so, they -shall be considered as having withdrawn from -the Club.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Article</span> 7th.—The Rules of the Club may -be altered or new rules added, with the consent -of three-fourths of the Members present -at any regular Meeting; such alterations or -additions having been proposed at the regular -Meeting preceding.</p> -</div> - - - - - - - -<pre> - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Canadian Curler's Manual, by James Bicket - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CANADIAN CURLER'S MANUAL *** - -***** This file should be named 32838-h.htm or 32838-h.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/8/3/32838/ - -Produced by René Anderson Benitz and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or -re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included -with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org - - -Title: The Canadian Curler's Manual - An account of curling, as practised in Canada: with remarks - on the history of the game - -Author: James Bicket - -Release Date: June 21, 2010 [EBook #32838] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: ASCII - -*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CANADIAN CURLER'S MANUAL *** - - - - -Produced by René Anderson Benitz and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - - - - - - - - - THE - CANADIAN CURLER'S - MANUAL; - - OR - - AN ACCOUNT OF CURLING, - - AS PRACTISED - - IN CANADA: - - WITH REMARKS ON THE HISTORY OF THE GAME. - - - "When winter muffles up his cloak, - And binds the mire like a rock, - THEN to the loch the Curlers flock - Wi' gleesome speed." - BURNS. - - - BY JAMES BICKET, - SECRETARY TO THE TORONTO CURLING CLUB. - - - TORONTO: - -PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF THE BRITISH COLONIST, FOR THE TORONTO - CURLING CLUB; SOLD ALSO BY HENRY ROWBELL. - - - HUGH SCOBIE, PRINTER. - - 1840. - - - - -This reprint has been made possible -through the kindness of Mr. Thomas Rennie, -who loaned the original for the purpose. - - - - -CONTENTS. - -PART I. - - Page -Description of Curling 9 - -Stones 10 - -The Rink 12 - -Playing 13 - -Sweeping 14 - -The Game 15 - -Toronto Rules of Curling 20 - -Glossary, or Explanation of Curling Terms 23 - - -PART II. - -Early History of Curling 29 - -Curling in Scotland 31 - -Curling in Canada 34 - -Constitution of the Toronto Club 38 - - - - - TO THE - - PRESIDENT, - - VICE-PRESIDENTS, MANAGERS, - - AND - - MEMBERS - - OF THE - - TORONTO CURLING CLUB, - - THIS MANUAL - - IS MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, - - BY THEIR DEVOTED - - HUMBLE SERVANT, - - THE AUTHOR. - - - - -PREFACE - - -This little pamphlet has been produced at the request of the TORONTO -CURLING CLUB. The original object in its publication was simply to -furnish the Members with a copy of the Constitution of the Club, and of -the laws which they observe in playing. The design is now extended, so -as to embrace a general description of Curling, with a brief history of -the Game; and by thus making it to be understood, by those who have -never seen it played, or who may have been only occasional spectators, -to induce a more general participation in this most healthful and -exhilarating amusement. - -It is gratifying to observe the success of the efforts which have been -made in this country, during the last few years, to promote and -encourage the Game. It is now becoming, and must become, a favorite in -Canada. It is admirably adapted to this climate, where the winter is -generally cold enough to ensure good ice, and seldom so severe as to -render the exercise unpleasant. Being played in the open air, during a -season when few out-of-door recreations can be enjoyed, it is well -calculated to counteract the enfeebling influence of confinement to our -close and heated winter houses. Many objections which may be brought -against other sports, are not applicable to this. It calls up none of -the low and degrading passions of our nature. Notwithstanding the -intense interest which Curlers may feel in a well contested match, no -betting ever takes place among them; the excitement arising from -gambling, therefore, is altogether removed from the rink. Intoxication -on the ice is also unknown among good players. The nice equilibrium of -body and the firmness of nerve, essential to scientific Curling, would -disappear on the first symptom of such a state. But the Game is -sufficiently interesting without any extraneous stimulant. While it -imparts vigour to every limb, and every muscle, it engages the attention -and awakens the judgment; and thus brings into healthful excitement -those powers of the body and of the mind, the due exercise of which the -Creator has allied with pleasure. - -In the observations which will be found on the early history of Curling, -a liberal use has been made of a small but valuable work on the subject, -published anonymously, in Kilmarnock, in 1828. To the same authority the -writer is indebted for the derivation of several of the words to be -found in the Glossary, and it is only doing the Compilers of the work -referred to, an act of justice, which they can have no wish should be -omitted, to state, that they have availed of "Doctor Jamieson's -Dictionary," "Brewster's Encyclopedia," and an "Account of Curling, by a -Member of the Duddingstone Society." These, unfortunately, are not at -present accessible to the writer. During the present year, he ordered -from Edinburgh such publications on the Game, as could be found; but was -disappointed on learning, that several excellent Treatises which he -expected to receive, are now out of print--the only works which his -Correspondent could procure, being the "Annual of the Grand Caledonian -Curling Club" and the "Rules of Curling, by Pretostes." - -The writer has affixed his name to this work--conceiving that from his -official connection with the Toronto Curling Club, since its -establishment, this may lend some weight to the opinions, and some -authority to the statements therein contained. - -TORONTO, 30th NOVEMBER, 1840. - - - - -PART I. - - -CURLING.--Is a Game played upon the ice, by sliding stones, made for the -purpose, from one point to another. In some respects it resembles -Bowling, but with these differences, that the stones are slidden upon -the ice, not rolled--neither are they made like Bowls, to curve on their -passage; the points, also, to which the stones are played are -stationary, whereas in Bowling the Jack is moveable; and in Curling, the -ice in the path of the stone may be polished by sweeping--and thus the -players may compensate for the want of force with which a stone may have -been thrown. - -Pennant, in his "Tour through Scotland" gives the following rough -description of the Game:--"Of all the sports in those parts, that of -Curling is the favorite. It is an amusement of the winter, and played -upon the ice, by sliding from one mark to another, great stones of 40 to -70 lbs. weight, of a hemispherical form, with a wooden or iron handle at -top. The object of the player is to lay his stone as near the mark as -possible, to guard that of his partner which has been well laid before, -or to strike off that of his antagonist." Such is a brief outline of -that Game, a fuller description of which is attempted in the following -pages. - - * * * * * - -STONES.--These are made of granite, or of any other stone which is hard, -free from sand, and not liable to break. They are cut into a spherical -form, flattened at top and bottom, and the angles rounded off and -polished, particularly that at the sole. The handle is inserted in the -top. Though they must all be made circular, the proportion of the -diameter to the thickness varies in different districts; some being made -more and some less than twice as wide as they are thick. The Grand -Caledonian Curling Club has lately suggested the following scale--the -first attempt that has been made to regulate the proportions of Curling -Stones--and which for the sake of uniformity, it is hoped, will be -adopted, viz:-- - - "When the weight is under - - 35 lbs. imp., the height not to be more than 4-1/4 inches. - 38 lbs. 4-1/2 inches. - 41 lbs. 4-3/4 inches. - 44 lbs. 5 inches. - 47 lbs. 5-1/4 inches. - 50 lbs. 5-1/2 inches. - - "Whatever be the diameter or weight, the height ought never to - exceed 6-1/8 inches, nor be less than 4-1/4 inches--None ought to be - allowed in a set game of greater diameter than 12 inches, nor of a - greater weight than 50 lbs. imperial." - -Stones are sometimes so finished as to slide on either of the flattened -surfaces, one of which in such cases, is made slightly concave, and on -this side the stone is played when the ice is hard and keen; the other, -a little convex, being used when the ice is soft and dull. - -In some parts of Canada, where suitable stone cannot readily be -procured, iron or wood has been substituted. At Quebec and Montreal, -castings of iron, in the shape of Curling Stones, are played with--the -intensity of the cold there, rendering the stones liable to break on -striking against one another. Iron is used also by the Curlers of -Dundas, in the Gore District; and at Guelph, where the Game has some -ardent admirers, they play with blocks of hard wood. At Toronto, and the -Curling localities in the neighborhood, stones only have been used; part -having been imported from Scotland, and others having been made by the -stone-cutter to the Club, from blocks of excellent quality picked up by -him on the land in the vicinity. Several of the stones imported to -Toronto have been made from Ailsa Craig, which, it appears, has long -been known as an excellent material for the purpose; one of those now -referred to having been played with by the father of the present owner, -at least sixty years ago. - - * * * * * - -THE RINK.--The ice on which the game is played is called the Rink. This -should be a sheet of fifty yards in length and four yards in width; -perfectly free from every inequality. At the distance of four yards from -each end of the rink, and in the middle crosswise, a circular hole is -made, about an inch in diameter and the same in depth, called the "tee." -Round the tee two or more circular lines are drawn, the largest having a -diameter of about five feet, the others smaller and at intermediate -distances. The space within the largest circle is called the "brough." -The use of the circular lines is to shew, while the game is being -played, the comparative nearness of the stones to the tee; actual -measurement not being allowed until all the stones have been played to -one end of the rink. A line is also drawn across the tee, at right -angles with the rink lengthwise, and extending to the outermost circle, -the use of which will be shewn in the remarks relating to sweeping. At -the distance of seven yards from each of the tees a line is drawn across -the rink, called the "hog-score," and stones which on being played do -not pass this score are called "hogs" and lose for that time the chance -of counting, being distanced or thrown off the rink. - - * * * * * - -PLAYING.--When the player is about to throw his stones, he places -himself at one end of the rink, rests his right foot in a notch, or -"hack" made in the ice,[1] and in such a relation to the tee that when -he delivers his stone it must pass over it. He is directed by one of the -players of his own party, styled the "skip" who stands at or near the -tee to which the stone is to be played, and who usually makes use of his -broom to indicate the point to which, or the line along which, he wishes -the stone to be played. Should the stone be delivered with the proper -degree of strength, and in the direction pointed out to the player by -the skip, it will either rest at the spot required, or receiving, as the -skip intended, a new direction by coming in contact with some other -stone, will effect the desired purpose. The player on delivering his -stone raises it off the ice, and swinging it once behind him to acquire -a proper _impetus_, and to make surer of his aim, keeping his eye, at -the same time, steadily fixed on the broom of the skip, or on any stone, -or other object towards or against which he may be desired to play, -throws it in that direction. The stone reaching the ice on its sole -about two feet in front of the player--his body naturally following the -same direction until the stone be fairly delivered. - -[1: Other contrivances than the hack are used in some places to prevent -the foot of the player from slipping. Sometimes a thin board is laid on -the ice, on which he places both his feet. At Toronto, the hack is -considered the best, and although the Club has "crampits" for the -benefit of those accustomed to them, they are required only by -strangers or novices, experience demonstrating their uselessness.] - - * * * * * - -SWEEPING.--For the purpose of Sweeping, every player is furnished with a -broom, by means of which the ice may sometimes be so polished that a -stone may reach the tee, which, without sweeping, could not have passed -the hog score. When a stone, therefore, in its progress up the rink -appears to the skip to have been thrown with insufficient force, he -directs his party to sweep the ice in its path. The party opposed to -that whose stone is coming up is not allowed to sweep in front of the -line drawn across the brough, but may sweep behind it, so as to let the -stone, if it should pass the tee, go far enough beyond it, to lose the -chance of counting. - -The brooms used in Scotland are usually made of "broom," sometimes of -birch twigs, and occasionally of heather, as one or other may be found -most convenient to the place of playing. In Canada, "corn brooms" which -have been used for domestic purposes a sufficient length of time to be -stripped of the knotty parts which might break off and obstruct the -progress of the stone, have been found to be the best. Some Curlers in -Scarboro', near Toronto, who have immigrated from Lanarkshire, have -imported stocks of the genuine Scotch broom, which, under their -cultivation, thrives so well as to promise to supersede the use of every -other material. - - * * * * * - -THE GAME.--The usual mode of playing the game is with 16 stones on a -rink. This number is sufficient to impart interest to the playing, and -more would towards the end of the head, crowd the ice. Sometimes these -are played by four players on each side, playing two stones each, which -mode may be preferable when a few only are exercising for practice; but -in such case the sweeping, which--unless the ice be very keen--is -essential to success, can never be properly attended to, as the skip and -player being sufficiently occupied in their own departments, only two -brooms can be effectively employed at the same time. The most -interesting game, therefore, is where there are sixteen players on a -rink, with one stone each, eight players on each side; and a game so -played is now to be described. - -The parties determine by lot which is to "have the ice" or in other -words, which is to play the first stone. It is doubtful whether it be an -advantage to win the ice, as the party who loses this plays the last -stone--the most important in determining the result of the head. The -side who wins the end plays the first stone on the end following. - -The skip of the party who is to play first, stationing himself on that -tee towards which the stones are to be thrown, directs the player who is -to "lead" or play the first stone, on his side. When this stone is -played the skip of the opposite party takes the same post, pointing out -to his first player how he wishes his stone to be played. Each side -plays one stone alternately, and the object of each successive player is -to draw nearer the tee than any of his opponents, to strike out their -winning shots, or to guard the winners of his own party. The earlier -stages of the end therefore appear simple enough; but after the first -eight or ten stones have been played, especially when they have been -played well, the game becomes more intricate and more interesting. One -party may have a stone covering the tee, apparently guarded on every -side, and impregnable to attack, the stones of their opponents having -only strengthened its position; yet some stone which, either from a -_ruse_ on the part of the director, or from being badly played, has -rested near the edge of the rink and seems to be lost for that end, may -furnish a point to which another stone may be slidden, and receiving -thence a new direction may reach the winner, and removing it from the -tee, become itself the winning stone. - -The director generally plays the last stone on his own side. The seventh -player is usually appointed to that position in the order of the game on -account of his being a correct and powerful player, so that he may, -when necessary, open up a path for the stone of the "hind hand." - -When the stones are all played to one end of the rink, the game is -counted, and every stone which either party has nearer the tee than any -stone of their opponents, counts one shot or point; and such portion of -the game is styled an "end" or "head." - -The number of shots in a game is variable, depending on agreement. The -Toronto Club usually play for 31, in a regular game; and in their -matches among themselves, or with the Scarboro' Curlers, when more than -one rink has been engaged, the practice has been, either to play to an -hour specified, or to stop before that hour should the aggregate shots -of either party on all the rinks collectively amount to thirty-one for -each rink. In Scotland, where the continuance of the curling season is -very precarious, all who have it in their power, play the whole of every -day while the ice will permit, and, consequently, the number of shots -played for is more uniform. At Toronto, where Curling may be practised -almost daily, fully three months in the year, the rink is resorted to -for one or two hours' recreation, and seven, thirteen, or twenty-one -shots are frequently fixed on as the game, according to the time -intended to be devoted to the exercise. - - * * * * * - -LAWS OF THE GAME.--In every district of Scotland, and in almost every -club, some differences are to be found in the mode of conducting the -game. Little difficulty, however, is there experienced from the want of -written laws, the _lex non scripta_ of every parish or county being -perfectly understood where it is in force. Still in Edinburgh and a few -other places where Curlers from distant Clubs are likely to meet, it has -been found necessary to have their laws reduced to writing so that from -whatever part of the country the player might come, he could not be -ignorant of the rules by which his playing was to be governed. At -Toronto, the want of a written code of laws, was for a number of years, -felt to be inconvenient--few of the original Curlers having been -accustomed to play exactly according to the same system. It was, -therefore, one of the first objects of the Toronto Curling Club, after -its formation, to draw up a set of Rules, founded on the prevailing -practice in Scotland. The following, therefore, were agreed to--and -although not applicable to every case that may be conceived, they have -been found sufficient to decide, satisfactorily, every difficulty that -has occurred during the experience of four years; and have been -cheerfully agreed to by the Scarboro' Curlers, in their matches with -those of Toronto. - - 1st.--The Rink to be forty-two yards from tee to tee,[2] unless - otherwise agreed upon by the parties. When a game is begun the rink - cannot be changed or altered unless by the consent of a majority of - players, and it can be shortened only when it is apparent that a - majority cannot play the length. - - 2nd.--The hog score must be distant from the tee one-sixth part of - the length of the rink. Every stone to be deemed a hog, the sole of - which, when at rest, does not completely clear the score. - - 3rd.--Every player to foot so that in delivering his stone, it shall - pass over the tee. - - 4th.--The order of playing adopted at the beginning must not be - changed during a game. - - 5th.--Curling-stones must be of a circular shape. No stone to be - changed during a game,[3] unless it happen to be broken; and the - largest fragment of such stone to count, without any necessity of - playing with it more. If a stone roll or be upset, it must be placed - upon its sole where it stops. Should the handle quit a stone in the - delivery, the player must keep hold of it, otherwise he will not be - entitled to replay the shot. - - 6th.--The player may sweep his own stone the whole length of the - rink; his party not to sweep until it has passed the first hog - score, and his adversaries not to sweep until it has passed the - tee--the sweeping to be always to a side. - - 7th.--None of the players, on any account, to cross or go upon the - middle of the rink. - - 8th.--If, in sweeping or otherwise, a running stone is marred by any - of the party to which it belongs, it must be put off the rink; if by - any of the adverse party, it must be placed agreeably to the - direction which was given to the player; and if it be marred by any - other means, the player may take his shot again. Should a stone at - rest be accidentally displaced, it must be put as near as possible - in its former situation. - - 9th.--Every player must be ready when his turn comes,[4] and must - take only a reasonable time to play his shot--should he, by mistake, - play with a wrong stone, it must be replaced where it stops, by the - one which he ought to have played. - - 10th.--A doubtful shot must be measured by a neutral person, whose - determination shall be final. - - 11th.--The skips alone shall direct the game. The players of the - respective skips may offer them their advice, but cannot control - their directions; nor is any person, except the skip, to address him - who is about to play. Each skip may appoint one of his party to take - charge for him, when he is about to play. Every player to follow the - direction given to him. - - 12th.--Should any question arise, the determination of which may not - be provided for by the words and spirit of the preceding Rules, each - party to choose one of their number, in order to determine it. If - the two so chosen differ in opinion, they are to name an umpire, - whose decision shall be final. - -[2: The Grand Caledonian Curling Club recommend that rinks have -double tees at each end, the one at least two yards behind the other; -the whole four to be nearly as possible on the same line. The stones are -to be delivered from the outer tee and played towards the inner; this -saves the ice from being injured around the tee played up to.] - -[3: With regard to double-soled stones, the Grand Caledonian -Curling Club has a law that the side commenced with shall not, under -forfeiture of the match, be changed during the progress of the game.] - -[4: An excellent method of obviating the confusion which is -sometimes experienced in the early ends of a game, by players being -doubtful of their places is, that before commencing, the players on each -side of a rink should "fall in" in the order in which it is intended -they shall play, and "number off from right to left." The player who -makes a mistake after this has been done is fit neither for a Curler nor -a Soldier. This method has been practised at Toronto since the winter of -1837-38--when military terms and ideas were infused into every -department of life.] - -When a few players are curling for practice, or recreation, some of the -above laws may not be rigidly enforced; but any relaxation should always -be noticed, so that there may be no difficulty in strictly adhering to -them when playing a Bonspiel, or set game. - - * * * * * - -The preceding account has been, as far as practicable, divested of -technical terms, in order that it might be the more intelligible to the -uninitiated. Many of the words and phrases, however, used in Curling are -peculiar to the game--throwing light on its origin and history,--and it -would now be as difficult for Curlers to abolish the language of the -rink, as it would be for the gentlemen of certain learned professions, -to substitute the Queen's English for their most unclassical Latin. An -explanation of the following terms, which are in constant use, is -therefore indispensable in a work of this nature; - - _Angled Guard_--A stone which obliquely covers or guards one stone - or more. - - _Bias_--An inclination in the ice, tending to lead a stone off the - direction given to it by the player. - - _Block the ice_--See "fill the ice." - - _Boardhead_--See "brough." - - _Bonspel_, _bonspiel_, _bonspeel_--(French, _bon_, good, and Belgic, - _spell_, a play--a good game; or Suio-Gothic, _bonne_, a - husbandman; or Belgic, _bonne_, a village or district; because - one district challenges another to play at this game.) A match - at Curling between two opposite parties. - - _Break an egg on_--To strike one stone very gently with another. - - _Brough_--(Alemanic, _bruchus_, a camp, often circular). The space - within the largest circle drawn round the tee. - - _Channel-stane_--A Curling stone is so named in the southern - counties of Scotland, probably from stones found in streams - having been first used for curling. - - _Chuckle to_--To make two or more inwicks up a port to a given - stone. - - _Creep_--(Come creeping up the rink) the stones are said to creep - when they are thrown with little force. - - _Curling_--(German, _kurzweillin_, to play for amusement; or - Teutonic, _krullen_, _krollen_, SINUARE, to bend,--as the great - art of the game is to make the stones _bend_, _twist_ (_quod - vide_), CURL, towards the mark, when they cannot reach it in a - straight line.) Sliding stones along the ice towards a mark. - - _Dead guard_--A stone which completely covers another, concealing it - from the view of the next player, is a dead guard upon that - other. - - _Deliver_--To throw the stone. - - _Director_--The same as "skip" or "skipper." - - _Draw a shot_--to play to a spot pointed out by the director, having - no other stone to strike or rest upon. - - _Dour_, _drug_, _dull_--The state of the ice when the stone cannot - easily be thrown the length of the rink. - - _End_--That portion of the game in which the stones are all played - to one end of the rink. - - _Guard_--To lay a stone in a line before another; or the stone so - laid. - - _Hack_, _or hatch_--(Icelandic, _hiaka_, or Suio-Gothic, _hacka_, a - chop, cut, or crack), a cut in the ice, in which the player - places his foot to prevent it from slipping as he delivers his - stone. - - _Head_--See "End." - - _Hindhand_--He who plays the last stone on his side. - - _Hog Score_--The line drawn across the rink, about seven yards from - the tee; stones which do not pass this are thrown aside. - - _How ice_--The ice in the middle of the rink, _hollowed_ by the - friction of the stones; also called _white ice_. - - _Inring_, _inwick_--See "_Wicking_." - - _Keen_--The opposite of dour. - - _Leader_--He who plays first in order in his party. - - _Lie in the bosom of_--To play a stone so as gently to touch and lie - before another. - - _Outwick_--See "_Wicking_." - - _Pat lid_--A Curling stone lying on the tee. - - _Port_--An opening between two stones, wide enough to admit another - to be played through. - - _Rack_--A word used in some districts instead of rink. - - _Redd the ice_--(Icelandic, _rada_ ORDINARE, to put in order; also, - to warn, to advise,) to clear the ice, or to break the guards - with a stone strongly played, so as to expose the tee or the - winner; to "ride" successfully. - - _Rest_--To draw to any object or point so as not to pass it. - - _Ride_--To throw a stone with great force towards one or more other - stones, in order to remove them from their position. - - _Rink_--The ice on which the game is played. - - _Shot_--A stone played; in another sense, a stone which counts. - - _Skip_, _or skipper_--(Probably from Suio-Gothic, _skeppare_, a - master), a director. - - _Tee_--(Icelandic, _tia_, to point out the place; or, Teutonic, - _tygh-en_, to point to), the winning point to which the stones - are played. - - _Twist_--To give to a stone, on its being delivered, a rotary - motion, so that it revolves on its sole as it slides along the - rink, and bends from the straight line, when the force with - which it has been thrown is nearly exhausted. - - _Wicking_, _wick_, _inwick_--(Suio-Gothic, _wick_, a corner; or - Teutonic, _wyck_, a turning), to make a stone take an oblique - direction by striking another on the side. - - - - -PART II. - -HISTORY OF CURLING - - -The early history of Curling is involved in such obscurity, that the -time even of the antiquarians might be better employed in eating Beef -and Greens, or in playing the Game, than in endeavoring to discover its -origin. Some of these gentlemen have, from the definition given of a -certain word in an old dictionary, come to the conclusion that Curling -was originally the game of quoits played upon the ice. Kilian, in his -Etymologica Teutonicae Linguoe, renders the Teutonic words "_kluyten_," -"_kalluyten_," _ludere massis, sive globis glaciatis; certare discis in -aequore glaciato_. The term kluyte, or klyte, is still used in some -parts of Scotland, where it always signifies to "fall flat" or to fall -so that the broadest part of the falling body first comes in contact -with the ground; but it never has any reference to moving on a plane -surface. The words _ludere_ and _certare_ throw no light on the manner -in which the _globus_ or _discus_ was used. But until it can be shown -that they were moved upon the ice--not pitched through the air--it is -difficult to perceive the relation between "kluyten" and curling. As -soon as the stones were played by being slidden--if the antiquarians -could only determine the period of that event--a new game was -introduced, affording opportunities equal to those of the quoit for -muscular exercise, and a much wider field for the exercise of the -judgment. - -The earliest notice of Curling which has been discovered is in Cambden's -Britannia, published in 1607. In it, Coppinsha, one of the Orkney -islands, is mentioned as famous for "excellent stones for the game -called Curling." This shows that it was then in considerable repute. In -the "Life of William Guthrie", who in the year 1644 was ordained -minister of Fenwick, in Ayrshire, it is stated that he was fond of the -innocent recreations which then prevailed, "among which was Curling." In -1684, the game is taken notice of in Fountainhall's Decisions. -Pennycuik, also in the seventeenth century, declares that - - "To curl on the ice doth greatly please, - Being a manly Scottish exercise." - -And he celebrates the game as calculated - - "To clear the brain, stir up the native heart, - And give a gallant appetite for meat." - - -Ramsay has alluded to Curling. Burns, in "Tam Samson's Elegy" shows, in -few words that he himself understood the game. Grahame, the author of -the "Sabbath" has illumined the rink with the lustre of his own genius; -and Curling forms the subject of a beautiful part of "Fisher's Winter -Season." - -Though the game has never been universal in Scotland, it has long been -practised in almost every county south of the Forth and the Clyde. The -shires of Ayr, Renfrew, Lanark and Dumfries are remarkable for their -attachment to Curling. It is played in Perthshire, the Countess of -Mansfield, being now patroness of the Scone and Perth Club; but we are -not aware of its having been, until lately, practised farther north. In -Aberdeen--that city of northern lights--it is unknown. The Editor of the -Aberdeen Herald, who is a native of a Curling district, laments in his -paper of 13th January, 1838--that all was then bound up in the icy -stillness of the season, and that in a place abounding with the material -for making admirable curling stones, and with arms strong enough to -wield them, - - "No friendly combatants contested the field." - -The game was played near Inverness, in 1838, when Loch-na-Sanais (or the -whispering lake), with the picturesque hills of Tomnahurich and -Torvain, echoed, for the first time, to the booming of the stones over -the ice. - -Curling has long been held in high estimation in Edinburgh. About the -beginning of last century "the magistrates marched in a body to the -North Loch, to spend the day in Curling. In going and returning they -were preceded by a band of music, playing appropriate airs." It was the -custom in Paisley, not many years ago, to send round the town drummer, -after two or three nights' hard frost, to proclaim to the inhabitants -where the Curlers should meet in the morning; and in the morning, should -the frost continue, hundreds might be seen--manufacturers, bailies, -weavers, and clergymen,--resorting promiscuously to the rendezvous; for -on the ice all are on a _level_--all ordinary distinctions in society -are, for the time, forgotten in the love of the game, and the noble and -the learned are there willing to be directed by the most skilful player, -though this should happen to be the humblest of their neighbors. - -In some of the agricultural districts of Scotland, the extent of Curling -Clubs is regulated by the legal divisions of the country, being again -sub-divided among themselves into rinks, who always play together under -their respective skips;--the organization resembling in many respects -that of the Militia of Canada--and on the occasion of a contest with -another club, every man who, if in this country should be liable to -serve as a soldier, turns out willingly for the honour of his _corps_. -There, however, age procures no exemption from service. In the words of -Grahame, - - "When rival parishes and shrievedoms keep, - On upland loch, the long expected tryst, - To play their yearly bonspiel, AGED MEN, - Smit with the eagerness of youth, ARE THERE, - While love of conquest lights their beamless eyes, - New nerves their arms and makes them young once more." - -On 20th January, 1838, the parish of Lesmahagow, in Lanarkshire, met the -neighboring club of Avondale, on a sheet of ice, near Strathaven. Each -club consisted of twenty-one rinks of eight players, making the number -of players on each side one hundred and sixty-eight, so that three -hundred and thirty-six Curlers were engaged in the match. Such a -bonspiel as this may not take place every season, but this instance, -which is referred to, as being of recent occurrence, is sufficient to -shew the interest which in such districts is taken in the game, and, -also, the excellence of the organization which could bring so many -players together on a notice so short as that which can be given, where -the continuance of hard frost cannot be depended on. - -It is now about twenty years since Curling was introduced to Canada, and -since that time the game has been regularly played at Quebec and -Montreal. The Clubs of those Cities, in imitation of their friends on -the other side of the Atlantic, have occasional contests with each -other. The match which they last had, came off in March of the present -year, and was played at both places on the same day--one-half of the -players from each City having proceeded to the other--so that the result -of the joint game could not be known at either place, until the parties -had time to communicate. A few years ago, the Bonspiel took place at -Three Rivers. The distance which, in those cases, the players had to -travel, sufficiently shows how warmly they are devoted to the game. - -During the last winter, the officers stationed at some of the posts to -the south of Montreal, relieved the monotony of military duty, by -engaging in Curling. The game has been practised at Perth, in the -Bathurst District, although now fallen into disuse there. At Niagara, a -rink was formed four years ago, one gentleman having imported a -sufficient number of stones for their use, and great interest is now -taken in the sport. At Newmarket, about 30 miles to the north of -Toronto, there is a Curling Club, the minister, like many of his -brethren at home, being an active promoter of the game, and an exact and -skilful player. Curling is now also a favorite amusement at Dundas at -the head of Lake Ontario; at Guelph, in the new District of Wellington; -and at Fergus, in the township of Nicholl. There are also, many -first-rate players in Scarboro' who are always ready to measure their -strength, in numbers and skill, with those of Toronto, and both enjoy -the _certaminis gaudia_ in their annual bonspiel. They played at -Toronto, on 12th February last, with twenty-four players aside, when -their Excellencies the Governor General and the Lieutenant Governor were -spectators of the game. - -The Fergus Club has been mentioned above, but is worthy of more -particular notice, being perhaps, the first which was regularly -organized in Upper Canada. The settlement of that neighborhood was begun -in 1834, and the gloom of the first winter was dispelled by the -introduction of the game. In the course of the winter following, the -Honourable Adam Fergusson, who is the principal proprietor and the -enlightened founder of the settlement, succeeded in forming the players -into a club, of which he was the first President, and which now numbers -upwards of thirty members. They play with blocks of hard wood, turned to -the proper shape, which they have found to answer the purpose, except -when the ice is dull. The experiment has been made of loading the blocks -with lead, in order that the size and weight may bear about the same -proportion to each other as in Curling stones, and this they consider a -decided improvement. - -The example of the Curlers of Fergus, in constituting a club, ought to -be followed in every neighborhood where there are players sufficient for -one rink. The permanency of the game and opportunities of playing may -thus be secured in places where, without such arrangement, the greatest -difficulty might be experienced in bringing the players together. -Although the game has been played at Toronto, every winter, since 1829, -it was never enjoyed to the same extent as it has been since the -formation of the Club in 1836. By the judicious arrangement of the -managers, in appointing the hours of playing, and in having the ice -ready before the Curlers meet, the time which was formerly wasted in -preparations that may be performed by laborers, is now spent in the -game; and thus the recreation can be shared by many, who should -otherwise, by the nature of their occupations, be excluded from the -rink. Wherever, on this continent, Curling has been introduced and not -continued, its decline is attributable to the want of that system which -the proper organization of a club would ensure. Wherever Curlers have -been united, in the way now recommended, they have been enabled to -attract constant accessions to their numbers, and, by spreading -throughout their respective neighborhoods a love of the game, to -establish its permanency beyond the chance of decay. - -Mr. John Graham, of New York, the best authority in the United States, -in every matter connected with Scottish nationality, as existing -there,--and who permits his name to be used on this occasion,--stated -during his recent visit to Toronto, that the game was sometimes played -at New York, but there being no Club, a special arrangement was always -necessary before any meeting on the ice could take place. If the New -York curlers were to unite, there can be no doubt that the game would -"go a-head" there, and that in a few winters hence, we should hear of -their having a bonspiel with their friends in Canada, either at Montreal -or Toronto. - -A few plain rules are sufficient for the government of a Curling Club. -The following Constitution, which was agreed upon by the Toronto -Curlers, has been found to answer every purpose for which it was -intended. A few additional regulations have since been made, but these -are only of a local or temporary nature. - - - - -CONSTITUTION -OF THE -TORONTO CURLING CLUB - - -ARTICLE 1st.--The Office-bearers of the Club shall consist of a -President, two Vice-Presidents, four Managers, and a Secretary and -Treasurer, who, after the first election, shall be elected at the Annual -Meeting in December, to be called as provided in Article 5th. - -ARTICLE 2nd.--Any person wishing to become a Member, may be proposed at -any regular Meeting of the Club, and if the proposal be seconded, the -election shall proceed, when the votes of a majority of three-fourths -of the Members present, and the payment of the Entrance Fee and of one -year's subscription, as provided in Article 3rd, shall be required for -the admission of the applicant. - -ARTICLE 3rd.--In order to provide a Fund to meet necessary expenses, -Members shall pay on admission the sum of ---- as entrance fee, and also -the sum of ---- as their first year's subscription; and shall afterwards -pay such annual subscription as may be determined by the Club at the -Annual Meeting. - -ARTICLE 4th.--The Committee shall draw up the Rules of the Game -according to the prevailing practice in Scotland; which Rules, when -entered on the Books of the Club and read at a regular Meeting, shall -regulate the playing, and shall be decisive in all disputes among the -Members; and may also, in case of playing with other Clubs, regulate the -match, unless objected to by such other Club. - -ARTICLE 5th.--The Annual Meeting, when Office-bearers shall be elected, -shall be held on the first Tuesday of December; and regular Meetings -shall also be held on the first Tuesday in January, February and March -in every year, at such place as the President may appoint; to be -properly intimated to the Members; and occasional Meetings of the Club -may also be called by the President, whenever he may consider it -expedient. - -ARTICLE 6th.--Members shall pay their annual subscription to the -Treasurer within one month after the amount of the same shall be -determined; and on failing to do so, they shall be considered as having -withdrawn from the Club. - -ARTICLE 7th.--The Rules of the Club may be altered or new rules added, -with the consent of three-fourths of the Members present at any regular -Meeting; such alterations or additions having been proposed at the -regular Meeting preceding. - - - - - -End of Project Gutenberg's The Canadian Curler's Manual, by James Bicket - -*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CANADIAN CURLER'S MANUAL *** - -***** This file should be named 32838.txt or 32838.zip ***** -This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: - http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/8/3/32838/ - -Produced by René Anderson Benitz and The Online Distributed -Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was -produced from images generously made available by The -Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) - - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions -will be renamed. - -Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no -one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation -(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without -permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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