diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:58:39 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:58:39 -0700 |
| commit | b39b87c394bf00614c59b9e6f99330981db66ace (patch) | |
| tree | 39d9f8ff0b92ea6b7e7eb2678e1032f48d1fe0ce | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 3278867 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/32994-h.htm | 2338 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i001.jpg | bin | 0 -> 76122 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i002.jpg | bin | 0 -> 67337 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i003.jpg | bin | 0 -> 60706 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i004.jpg | bin | 0 -> 54854 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i005.jpg | bin | 0 -> 171544 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i006.jpg | bin | 0 -> 73555 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i007a.jpg | bin | 0 -> 52577 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i007b.jpg | bin | 0 -> 74883 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i008.jpg | bin | 0 -> 48564 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i009.jpg | bin | 0 -> 86994 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i010.jpg | bin | 0 -> 22803 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i011.jpg | bin | 0 -> 97365 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i012.jpg | bin | 0 -> 48995 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i012a.jpg | bin | 0 -> 80546 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i013.jpg | bin | 0 -> 54298 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i014.jpg | bin | 0 -> 39464 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i014b.jpg | bin | 0 -> 43215 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i015.jpg | bin | 0 -> 114884 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i016.jpg | bin | 0 -> 105696 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i016_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 94624 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i017.jpg | bin | 0 -> 51525 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i017_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 74112 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i018.jpg | bin | 0 -> 92354 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i018_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 70892 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i019.jpg | bin | 0 -> 62625 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i019_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 38273 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i020.jpg | bin | 0 -> 65988 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i020_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 71274 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i021.jpg | bin | 0 -> 83080 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i022.jpg | bin | 0 -> 92387 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i023.jpg | bin | 0 -> 58104 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i023_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 71571 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i024.jpg | bin | 0 -> 72486 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i025.jpg | bin | 0 -> 75282 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i026.jpg | bin | 0 -> 78008 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i027.jpg | bin | 0 -> 88952 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i028.jpg | bin | 0 -> 50627 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i029.jpg | bin | 0 -> 75455 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i030.jpg | bin | 0 -> 59954 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i031.jpg | bin | 0 -> 80533 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i031_2.jpg | bin | 0 -> 73024 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i032.jpg | bin | 0 -> 43461 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i032big.jpg | bin | 0 -> 249457 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994-h/images/i033.jpg | bin | 0 -> 43575 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994.txt | 1773 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 32994.zip | bin | 0 -> 34201 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
51 files changed, 4127 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/32994-h.zip b/32994-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..45ddb72 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h.zip diff --git a/32994-h/32994-h.htm b/32994-h/32994-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7b31898 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/32994-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2338 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan, by W. B. Laughead</title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.linenum { + position: absolute; + top: auto; + left: 4%; +} /* poetry number */ + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.sidenote { + width: 20%; + padding-bottom: .5em; + padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; + padding-right: .5em; + margin-left: 1em; + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; + color: black; + background: #eeeeee; + border: dashed 1px; +} + +.bb {border-bottom: solid 2px;} + +.bl {border-left: solid 2px;} + +.bt {border-top: solid 2px;} + +.br {border-right: solid 2px;} + +.bbox {border: solid 2px;} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +p.cap:first-letter { float: left; clear: left; + margin: -0.15em 0.1em 0 0; + padding:0; + line-height: 1.2em; font-size: 250%; } + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.u {text-decoration: underline;} + +.caption {font-weight: bold;} + +/* Images */ +.figlinked { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; + border: solid 3px; +} + +.figcenter { + margin: auto; + text-align: center; +} + +.figleft { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-left: 0; + margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +.figright { + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-left: 1em; + margin-bottom: + 1em; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-right: 0; + padding: 0; + text-align: center; +} + +/* Footnotes */ +.footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + +.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + +.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + +.fnanchor { + vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: + none; +} + +/* Poetry */ +.poem { + margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left; +} + +.poem br {display: none;} + +.poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + +.poem span.i0 { + display: block; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i2 { + display: block; + margin-left: 2em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} + +.poem span.i4 { + display: block; + margin-left: 4em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em; +} +div.tnote { + border-style: dotted; + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + padding: 1em; + font-style: normal; + text-align: justify; + background-color: #dee9c3; +} + + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 85%;} + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan, by W. +B. Laughead</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan</p> +<p> As Told in the Camps of the White Pine Lumbermen for Generations During Which Time the Loggers Have Pioneered the Way Through the North Woods from Maine to California; Collected from Various Sources and Embellished for Publication</p> +<p>Author: W. B. Laughead</p> +<p>Release Date: June 28, 2010 [eBook #32994]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL BUNYAN***</p> +<p> </p> +<h4>E-text prepared by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net)<br /> + from scanned images of public domain material generously made available by<br /> + Microsoft's Live Search Books</h4> +<p> </p> +<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;" cellpadding="10"> + <tr> + <td valign="top"> + Note: + </td> + <td> + Images of the original pages were available through the + Microsoft Search Book project, which was discontinued by + Microsoft in 2008. These images, or a remarkably similar + set, are now available though Internet Archive. See + <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/marvelousexploit00laugiala"> + http://www.archive.org/details/marvelousexploit00laugiala</a> + </td> + </tr> +</table> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i001.jpg" width="400" height="610" alt="Paul Bunyan And His Big Blue Ox" title="Paul Bunyan And His Big Blue Ox" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="center"><i>The Marvelous Exploits of</i></p> + +<h1><span class="smcap">Paul Bunyan</span></h1> + +<p class="center">AS TOLD IN THE CAMPS<br /> +OF THE WHITE PINE LUMBERMEN FOR<br /> +GENERATIONS</p> + +<p class="center">DURING WHICH TIME THE LOGGERS<br /> +HAVE PIONEERED THE WAY THROUGH<br /> +THE NORTH WOODS<br /> +FROM MAINE TO CALIFORNIA</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Collected from Various Sources and<br /> +Embellished for Publication</i></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i002.jpg" width="400" height="498" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Text and Illustrations<br /> +By<br /> +W. B. Laughead</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Published for the Amusement<br /> +of our Friends by</i></p> + +<h1>The RED RIVER LUMBER COMPANY</h1> +<p class="center">MINNEAPOLIS, WESTWOOD, CAL., CHICAGO,<br /> +LOS ANGELES -:- SAN FRANCISCO</p> + +<p class="center"><i>NINETEEN TWENTY-TWO</i> +</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">PAUL Bunyan is the hero of lumbercamp whoppers that have been +handed down for generations. These stories, never heard outside +the haunts of the lumberjack until recent years, are now being +collected by learned educators and literary authorities who declare +that Paul Bunyan is "the only American myth."</p> + +<p>The best authorities never recounted Paul Bunyan's exploits in +narrative form. They made their statements more impressive by +dropping them casually, in an off hand way, as if in reference to +actual events of common knowledge. To over awe the greenhorn +in the bunkshanty, or the paper-collar stiffs and home guards in +the saloons, a group of lumberjacks would remember meeting each +other in the camps of Paul Bunyan. With painful accuracy they +established the exact time and place, "on the Big Onion the winter +of the blue snow" or "at Shot Gunderson's camp on the Tadpole the +year of the sourdough drive." They elaborated on the old themes +and new stories were born in lying contests where the heights of extemporaneous +invention were reached.</p> + +<p>In these conversations the lumberjack often took on the mannerisms +of the French Canadian. This was apparently done without +special intent and no reason for it can be given except for a similarity +in the mock seriousness of their statements and the anti-climax +of the bulls that were made, with the braggadocio of the <i>habitant</i>. +Some investigators trace the origin of Paul Bunyan to Eastern Canada. +Who can say?</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 556px;"> +<img src="images/i003.jpg" width="556" height="400" alt="Logging Road near Westwood, California. White Pine and +Old Fashioned Winters made Paul Bunyan feel at home." title="" /> +<span class="caption">Logging Road near Westwood, California. White Pine and +Old Fashioned Winters made Paul Bunyan feel at home.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">PAUL Bunyan came to Westwood, California in 1913 at the suggestion +of some of the most prominent loggers and lumbermen +in the country. When the Red River Lumber Company announced +their plans for opening up their forests of Sugar Pine and California +White Pine, friendly advisors shook their heads and said,</p> + +<p>"Better send for Paul Bunyan."</p> + +<p>Apparently here was the job for a Superman,—quality-and-quantity-production +on a big scale and great engineering difficulties +to be overcome. Why not Paul Bunyan? This is a White Pine job +and here in the High Sierras the winter snows lie deep, just like the +country where Paul grew up. Here are trees that dwarf the +largest "cork pine" of the Lake States and many new stunts were +planned for logging, milling and manufacturing a product of supreme +quality—just the job for Paul Bunyan.</p> + +<p>The Red River people had been cutting White Pine in Minnesota +for two generations; the crews that came west with them were +old heads and every one knew Paul Bunyan of old. Paul had followed +the White Pine from the Atlantic seaboard +west to the jumping-off place in Minnesota, +why not go the rest of the way?</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> +<img src="images/i004.jpg" width="200" height="245" alt="TRADE MARK REGISTERED" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Paul Bunyan's picture had never been +published until he joined Red River and this +likeness, first issued in 1914, is now the Red +River trademark. It stands for the quality +and service you have the right to expect from +Paul Bunyan.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="cap">When and where did this mythical hero get his start? Paul +Bunyan is known by his mighty works; his antecedents and +personal history are lost in doubt. You can prove that Paul logged +off North Dakota and grubbed the stumps, not only by the fact that +there are no traces of pine forests in that State, but by the testimony +of oldtimers who saw it done. On the other hand, Paul's parentage +and birth date are unknown. Like Topsy, he jes' growed.</p> + +<p>Nobody cared to know his origin until the professors got +after him. As long as he stayed around the camps his previous history +was treated with the customary consideration and he was asked +no questions, but when he broke into college it was all off. Then he +had to have ancestors, a birthday and all sorts of vital statistics. +For now Paul is recognized as a regular Myth and students of folk-lore +are making scientific research of the Paul Bunyan Legend.</p> + +<p>R. R. Fenska, Professor of Forest Engineering, New York State +College of Forestry, Syracuse University, an authority on Paul +Bunyan, writes: "He is not only an all-American myth but as far as +can be determined, the only myth or legend in this country. It is +all-American because Paul's exploits are all accomplished on this +continent and there is no counterpart in the Old World. The origin +of Paul is as much a myth as the legend itself. There are some who +feel that he was known in the Northeastern forest back in the early +19th century but the best available evidence points to the pineries +of the Lake States as the "Mother" of Paul Bunyan. It is certain +that he developed to the zenith of his powers in that region during +the '80s and '90s."</p> + +<p>Professor Fenska points out that Paul was a "Northerner" for +when the virgin forests of the Lake States began to wane and the +lumberjack shifted to the Southern Yellow Pine region, little was +heard of him for nearly a decade. Noting his reappearance on the +Pacific Coast, this authority discounts the rumors that Paul has gone +to Alaska and expresses the opinion that his greatest exploits will take +place in the vast forests of the west.</p> + +<p>Esther Shepherd, Department of English, Reed College, Portland, +Oregon has traced the Paul Bunyan legend back to Maine but +finds evidence of beginnings that antedate the Maine epoch and is +still carrying on her painstaking search for the ultimate source. +Writing in the <i>Pacific Review</i>, Mrs. Shepherd relates this one about +Paul's babyhood.</p> + +<p>"Paul Bunyan was born in Maine. When three weeks old he +rolled around so much in his sleep that he destroyed four square +miles of standing timber. Then they built a floating cradle for him +and anchored it off Eastport. When Paul rocked in his cradle it +caused a seventy-five foot tide in the Bay of Fundy and several villages +were washed away. He couldn't be wakened, however, until +the British Navy was called out and fired broadsides for seven hours. +When Paul stepped out of his cradle he sank seven warships and the +British government seized his cradle and used the timber to build +seven more. That saved Nova Scotia from becoming an island, but +the tides in the Bay of Fundy haven't subsided yet."</p> + +<p>"Seeing that this North American Continent has only one myth +that is entirely it's own" J. M. Leever of the Pacific Lumber Company +writes in a San Francisco paper, "It is a pity that it should +have been in danger of being forgotten." +After paying tribute to the work +of Prof. Fenska and the University of +Oregon Mr. Leever continues, "Where +the tradition of this Davy Crockett of +the axe, this superman of the camps +originated, nobody can tell exactly. But +it is probable that the stories of his +courage and impossible feats started +on the St. Lawrence among the French +Canadians and filtered into the woods +of the Adirondacks, Michigan and Wisconsin. +Although at times very human, +Paul Bunyan in his bigger moments +far surpassed any of the figures of +classical Scandinavian or Celtic legend. For the sake of the young +of the land his memory ought to be kept forever fresh."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i005.jpg" width="400" height="540" alt=" +" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Lee J. Smits conducted a "Paul Bunyan" column in <i>The Seattle +Star</i> and published many entertaining contributions from oldtimers. +These were turned over to the University of Washington for preservation.</p> + +<p>"Standing alone in his might and inventiveness is Paul Bunyan, +central figure in America's meager folklore" Mr. Smits says editorially, +"Only among the pioneers could Paul thrive, his deeds are inspired +by such imagination as grows only in the great outdoors. For +hours at a time, lumberjacks will pile up the achievements of their +hero. Each story is a challenge calling for a yarn still more heroic. +The story teller who succeeds in eliciting a snicker is an artist, indeed, +as the Paul Bunyan legends must always be related and received +with perfect seriousness. Paul Bunyan has become a part of the +every day life of the loggers. He serves a valuable purpose in +giving every hardship and tough problem its whimsical turn."</p> + +<p>Mr. Harry L. Neall, of Harry L. Neall & Son, Mining Engineers +of Eureka, Cal., a student of the history of the lumber industry, has +written that beneath the phrase "invented lumbering" used in connection +with Paul Bunyan, there exists a basis of fact. Tracing the +beginnings of the industry from the cutting of "The King's Spars" in +what is now the State of Maine, before the Mayflower came to +Plymouth Rock, Mr. Neall states that "modern lumbering, as a separate +industry was really invented in New York in 1790 and that most +of the oldtime lumbermen trace their ancestry to forefathers who were +a part of this beginning of lumbering." The Red River people +were interested to learn from Mr. Neall that a Walker built a +mill in Maine in 1680; another Walker sold a two-thirds interest +in this mill in 1716 and three Walkers were saw mill +owners in New Hampshire in 1785. Following the Pine Cutters +across New York and Pennsylvania, Mr. Neall found that the land records +enable one to pick them out by their names "as distinguished +from the Palatinate settlers who came solely for the farm lands upon +which the hardwoods grew." That the Paul Bunyan stories go back to +the beginnings of the industry is the belief of Mr. Neall who heard +them in his grandfather's logging camps in Pennsylvania and quotes +this ancestor as connecting Paul with the early traditions.</p> + +<p>DeWitt L. Hardy, "column conductor" on the Portland <i>Oregonian</i>, +ran a Paul Bunyan series for several months and received many +more contributions than it was possible to print, though they were +featured almost daily, writes Mr. Hardy:</p> + +<p>"Paul Bunyan is, as your folklore sharks doubtless will inform +you, about the only true fable of this character we have in this +country. I do not attempt to dip into any of the real sub-surface +studies of its development, my experience with Paul having been +severely practical. I first heard of him in a soddy in North Dakota, +where I was told of his great logging operations when he stripped that +country and removed the stumps. In the mass of correspondence +I received while handling the Paul Bunyan yarns here, answers came +from all corners of the globe and from all classes of people."</p> + +<p>Ida V. Turney, Department of Rhetoric, University of Oregon, +and President of the Oregon Council of English, has written a chapbook +of Paul Bunyan stories,—"gang-lore" Miss Turney classifies +them, citing technical reasons why they cannot be called "myth" +"legend" or "folk-lore."</p> + +<p>"It is distinctly American" she writes, "No other country could +possibly produce a literary type just like it; for it is, at least so I +think, a symbolic expression of the forces of physical labor at work +in the development of a great country. The symbolism is, of course, +unconscious, but none the less accurate."</p> + +<p>Miss Turney, the daughter of a lumberman, has known these +stories from childhood. "All Paul Bunyan stories start in a gang" +she says, "others are imitations ... Perhaps Paul Bunyan is the +great American epic; but if so it is <i>in the making</i>. In that case it +seems to me that any gang has a perfect right to create new stories. +... Paul has become astonishingly versatile in the West. He has +tried his hand at almost everything, just as the former laborers in the +camps of Michigan and Wisconsin branched into whatever big wild +untamed hard work they came across."</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">BABE, the big blue ox, constituted +Paul Bunyan's assets and +liabilities. History disagrees as to +when, where and how Paul first +acquired this bovine locomotive but +his subsequent record is reliably +established. Babe could pull anything +that had two ends to it.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 410px;"> +<img src="images/i006.jpg" width="410" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Babe was seven axehandles +wide between the eyes according to +some authorities; others equally +dependable say forty-two axehandles +and a plug of tobacco. Like other historical contradictions this +comes from using different standards. Seven of Paul's axehandles +were equal to a little more than forty-two of the ordinary kind.</p> + +<p>When cost sheets were figured on Babe, Johnny Inkslinger +found that upkeep and overhead were expensive but the charges for +operation and depreciation were low and the efficiency was very +high. How else could Paul have hauled logs to the landing a whole +section (640 acres) at a time? He also used Babe to pull the kinks +out of the crooked logging roads and it was on a job of this kind that +Babe pulled a chain of three-inch links out into a straight bar.</p> + +<p>They could never keep Babe more than one night at a camp for +he would eat in one day all the feed one crew could tote to camp in a +year. For a snack between meals he would eat fifty bales of hay, +wire and all and six men with picaroons were kept busy picking the +wire out of his teeth. Babe was a great pet and very docile as a general +thing but he seemed to have a sense of humor and frequently got into +mischief. He would sneak up behind a drive and drink all the water +out of the river, leaving the logs high and dry. It was impossible to +build an ox-sling big enough to hoist Babe off the ground for shoeing, +but after they logged off Dakota there was room for Babe to lie down +for this operation.</p> + +<p>Once in a while Babe would run away and be gone all day +roaming all over the Northwestern country. His tracks were +so far apart that it was impossible to follow him and so deep +that a man falling into one could only be hauled out with +difficulty and a long rope. Once a settler and his wife and baby +fell into one of these tracks and the son got out when he was fifty-seven +years old and reported the accident. These tracks, today form +the thousands of lakes in the "Land of the Sky-Blue Water."</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">BECAUSE he was so much younger than Babe and was brought +to camp when a small calf, Benny was always called the Little +Blue Ox although he was quite a chunk of an animal. Benny could +not, or rather, would not haul as much as Babe nor was he as +tractable but he could eat more.</p> + +<p>Paul got Benny for nothing from a farmer near Bangor, Maine. +There was not enough milk for the little fellow so he had to be weaned +when three days old. The farmer only +had forty acres of hay and by the time +Benny was a week old he had to dispose +of him for lack of food. The calf was +undernourished and only weighed two +tons when Paul got him. Paul drove +from Bangor out to his headquarters +camp near Devil's Lake, North Dakota +that night and led Benny behind the +sleigh. Western air agreed with the little +calf and every time Paul looked back at +him he was two feet taller.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i007a.jpg" width="400" height="552" alt=" +" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When they arrived at camp Benny +was given a good feed of buffalo milk +and flapjacks and put into a barn by +himself. Next morning the barn was gone. Later it was discovered +on Benny's back as he scampered over the clearings. He had outgrown +his barn in one night.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i007b.jpg" width="400" height="604" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Benny was very notional and +would never pull a load unless there +was snow on the ground so after the +spring thaws they had to white wash +the logging roads to fool him.</p> + +<p>Gluttony killed Benny. He had +a mania for pancakes and one cook +crew of two hundred men was kept +busy making cakes for him. One +night he pawed and bellowed and +threshed his tail about till the wind +of it blew down what pine Paul had +left standing in Dakota. At breakfast +time he broke loose, tore down +the cook shanty and began bolting +pancakes. In his greed he swallowed +the red-hot stove. Indigestion set +in and nothing could save him. What disposition was made of his +body is a matter of dispute. One oldtimer claims that the outfit he +works for bought a hind quarter of the carcass in 1857 and made +corned beef of it. He thinks they have several carloads of it left.</p> + +<p>Another authority states that the body of Benny was dragged to +a safe distance from the North Dakota camp and buried. When +the earth was shoveled back it made a mound that formed the Black +Hills in South Dakota.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="cap">THE custodian and chaperon +of Babe the Big Blue +Ox was Brimstone Bill. He +knew all the tricks of that +frisky giant before they happened.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 436px;"> +<img src="images/i008.jpg" width="436" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>"I know oxen" the old +bullwhacker used to say, "I've +worked 'em and fed 'em and +doctored 'em ever since the ox +was invented. And Babe, I +know that pernicious old reptyle +same as if I'd abeen through him with a lantern."</p> + +<p>Bill compiled "The Skinner's Dictionary", a hand book for +teamsters, and most of the terms used in directing draft animals +(except mules) originated with him. His early religious training +accounts for the fact that the technical language of the teamster +contains so many names of places and people spoken of in the Bible.</p> + +<p>The buckskin harness used on Babe and Benny when the weather +was rainy was made by Brimstone Bill. When this harness got wet +it would stretch so much that the oxen could travel clear to the landing +and the load would not move from the skidway in the woods. +Brimstone would fasten the harness with an anchor Big Ole made for +him and when the sun came out and the harness shrunk the load +would be pulled to the landing while Bill and the oxen were busy at +some other job.</p> + +<p>The winter of the Blue Snow, the Pacific Ocean froze over and +Bill kept the oxen busy hauling regular white snow over from China. +M. H. Keenan can testify to the truth of this as he worked for Paul +on the Big Onion that winter. It must have been about this time that +Bill made the first ox yokes out of cranberry wood.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 540px;"> +<img src="images/i009.jpg" width="540" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + + +<p class="cap">FEEDING Paul Bunyan's crews was a complicated job. At no two +camps were conditions the same. The winter he logged off North +Dakota he had 300 cooks making pancakes for the Seven Axemen +and the little Chore-boy. At headquarters on the Big Onion he had +one cook and 462 cookees feeding a crew so big that Paul himself +never knew within several hundred either way, how many men he had.</p> + +<p>At Big Onion camp there was a lot of mechanical equipment and +the trouble was a man who could handle the machinery cooked +just like a machinist too. One cook got lost between the flour bin and +the root cellar and nearly starved to death before he was found.</p> + +<p>Cooks came and went. Some were good and others just able to +get by. Paul never kept a poor one, very long. There was one jigger +who seemed to have learned to do nothing but boil. He made soup +out of everything and did most of his work with a dipper. When the +big tote-sled broke through the ice on Bull Frog Lake with a load of +split peas, he served warmed up lake water till the crew struck. His +idea of a lunch box was a jug or a rope to freeze soup onto like a +candle. Some cooks used too much grease. It was said of one of these +that he had to wear calked shoes to keep from sliding out of the cook-shanty +and rub sand on his hands when he picked anything up.</p> + +<p>There are two kinds of camp cooks, the Baking Powder Bums and +the Sourdough Stiffs. Sourdough Sam belonged to the latter school. +He made everything but coffee out of Sourdough. He had only one +arm and one leg, the other members having been lost when his sourdough +barrel blew up. Sam officiated at Tadpole River headquarters, +the winter Shot Gunderson took charge.</p> + +<p>After all others had failed at Big Onion camp, Paul hired his +cousin Big Joe who came from three weeks below Quebec. This +boy sure put a mean scald on the chuck. He was the only man who +could make pancakes fast enough to feed the crew. He had Big Ole, +the blacksmith make him a griddle that was so big you couldn't see +across it when the steam was thick. The batter, stirred in drums like +concrete mixers, was poured on with cranes and spouts. The griddle +was greased by colored boys who skated over the surface with hams +tied to their feet. They had to have colored boys to stand the heat.</p> + +<p>At this camp the flunkeys wore roller skates and an idea of the +size of the tables is gained from the fact that they distributed the +pepper with four-horse teams.</p> + +<p>Sending out lunch and timing the meals was rendered difficult +by the size of the works which required three crews—one going to +work, one on the job and one coming back. Joe had to start the bull-cook +out with the lunch sled two weeks ahead of dinner time. To call +the men who came in at noon was another problem. Big Ole made a +dinner horn so big that no one could blow it but Big Joe or Paul himself. +The first time Joe blew it he blew down ten acres of pine. The +Red River people wouldn't stand for that so the next time he blew +straight up but this caused severe cyclones and storms at sea so Paul +had to junk the horn and ship it +East where later it was made into +a tin roof for a big Union Depot.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 261px;"> +<img src="images/i010.jpg" width="261" height="300" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption"><i>MT. LASSEN, CALIFORNIA<br /> +The only active Volcano in America.<br />Where Big Joe cooks the beans.</i> +</span> +</div> + +<p>When Big Joe came to Westwood +with Paul, he started something. +About that time you may have +read in the papers about a volcanic +eruption at Mt. Lassen, heretofore +extinct for many years. That was +where Big Joe dug his bean-hole and +when the steam worked out of the +bean kettle and up through the +ground, everyone thought the old +hill had turned volcano. Every time +Joe drops a biscuit they talk of +earthquakes.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 552px;"> +<img src="images/i011.jpg" width="552" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>It was always thought that the quality of the food at Paul's Camps +had a lot to do with the strength and endurance of the men. No +doubt it did, but they were a husky lot to start with. As the feller +said about fish for a brain food, "It won't do you no good unless there +is a germ there to start with."</p> + +<p>There must have been something to the food theory for the +chipmunks that ate the prune pits got so big they killed all the wolves +and years later the settlers shot them for tigers.</p> + +<p>A visitor at one of Paul's camps was astonished to see a crew +of men unloading four-horse logging sleds at the cook shanty. They +appeared to be rolling logs into a trap door from which poured +clouds of steam.</p> + +<p>"That's a heck of a place to land logs" he remarked.</p> + +<p>"Them aint logs" grinned a bull-cook "them's sausages for the +teamsters' breakfast."</p> + +<p>At Paul's camp up where the little Gimlet empties into the Big +Auger, newcomers used to kick because they were never served beans. +The bosses and the men could never be interested in beans. E. E. +Terrill tells us the reason:</p> + +<p>Once when the cook quit they had to detail a substitute to the job +temporarily. There was one man who was no good anywhere. He +had failed at every job. Chris Crosshaul, the +foreman, acting on the theory that every man +is good <i>somewhere</i>, figured that this guy must +be a cook, for it was the only job he had not +tried. So he was put to work and the first +thing he tackled was beans. He filled up a +big kettle with beans and added some water. +When the heat took hold the beans swelled up +till they lifted off the roof and bulged out the +walls. There was no way to get into the place +to cook anything else, so the whole crew turned +in to eat up the half cooked beans. By keeping +at it steady they cleaned them up in a week +and rescued the would-be-cook. After that no +one seemed to care much for beans.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 267px;"> +<img src="images/i012.jpg" width="267" height="700" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>It used to be a big job to haul prune pits +and coffee grounds away from Paul's camps. +It required a big crew of men and either Babe +or Benny to do the hauling. Finally Paul +decided it was cheaper to build new camps +and move every month.</p> + +<p>The winter Paul logged off North Dakota with the Seven Axemen, +the Little Chore Boy and the 300 cooks, he worked the cooks in +three shifts—one for each meal. The Seven Axemen were hearty +eaters; a portion of bacon was one side of a 1600-pound pig. Paul +shipped a stern-wheel steamboat up Red River and they put it in +the soup kettle to stir the soup.</p> + +<p>Like other artists, cooks are temperamental and some of them +are full of cussedness but the only ones who could sass Paul Bunyan +and get away with it were the stars like Big Joe and Sourdough Sam.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i012a.jpg" width="400" height="448" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>The lunch sled,—most popular institution +in the lumber industry! It's arrival +at the noon rendezvous has been hailed with +joy by hungry men on every logging job +since Paul invented it. What if the warm +food freezes on your tin plate, the keen cold +air has sharpened your appetite to enjoy it. +The crew that toted lunch for Paul Bunyan +had so far to travel and so many to feed +they hauled a complete kitchen on the lunch +sled, cooks and all.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">OVER thirty years ago The Red River +Lumber Company, foreseeing the end +of their White Pine which was reached in +1915, set out to find the pine that would +supply a trade that demands the qualities +found in White Pine. All the forests of +North America were examined and exhaustively +studied and the selection was Sugar +Pine and California White Pine,—"the +largest pines that ever grew" and production +started at Westwood in 1914.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"> +<img src="images/i013.jpg" width="250" height="700" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>SUGAR PINE,—"cork pine's big +brother," is botanically a White Pine with +all the family virtues that have made White +Pine the standard from the days of the Pilgrim +Fathers to the period of "cork" White +Pine in the Lake States. It is light, soft, +even-textured, easy-to-work, durable and +will not warp or check.</p> + +<p>CALIFORNIA WHITE PINE ranks +second only to Sugar Pine in size and is +close to it in White Pine qualities. Botanically +a Yellow Pine, its texture has been so +changed by climate and altitude that it in +no way resembles the Yellow Pines and is +so much like White Pine that its trade name +is necessary to prevent confusion on the +part of the consumer.</p> + +<p>WHITE FIR is light, straight grained +and easily worked. A smaller percentage of upper grades than the +big pines, but with knots so small that the commons offer exceptional +values and advantages. It is used for concrete forms, sheathing, +studding and for dairy containers and packages that must be odorless +and tasteless. It also makes a handsome interior finish.</p> + +<p>INCENSE CEDAR is used chiefly for pencils and chests—a +soft, straight-grained red cedar.</p> + +<p>The Red River people strive for a quality of manufacture +worthy of such magnificent trees. The Westwood plant, electrically +operated throughout, is a new departure in its field, with a capacity +of 200 million feet a year. Planned by our own engineers, much +of the machinery and equipment is of our own design and new standards +of efficiency, economy and precision of cutting have been set. +Modern dry-kilns handle a +large part of the output and +yield perfectly seasoned +lumber, free from drying defects, +in a few days instead +of the months required for +air drying.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i014.jpg" width="400" height="430" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">One of the Westwood Crane Crews Piling +Lumber for Air-drying. One board at a Time +is Too Slow. The Record for One Crane—10 +Hours is 678,900 Feet, Board Measure.</span> +</div> + +<p>The plant operates the +year 'round, logging, sawing, +manufacturing and shipping. +Handicaps of a severe +winter climate are overcome +and frozen logs are thawed +in a steam-heated pond. +Continuous operation gives +steady employment to skilled +and experienced men and +a rapid replacement of +stocks that makes Westwood +a dependable source of supply for the trade.</p> + +<p>The large Red River factories at Westwood are equipped to +supply every known need of the trade and made-to-order specialties +are quickly turned out. The most modern machinery is used for cutting, +finishing, glueing and other operations.</p> + +<p>Our moldings, sash and doors and similar products are superior +in their clean-cut workmanship as well as the texture of the wood. +Box shooks, sash and door cuttings, boards for winding fine textiles +or making organ pipes, piano keys and key-beds, curtain poles +and shade rollers are some of our products. Cutting out the knots +and waste at the source of supply affords economies that are profitable +to all wood consuming industries.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i014b.jpg" width="700" height="236" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption"><i>One of the Edgers, Westwood Mill, California.</i></span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">WHEN Paul invented logging +he had to invent all the tools +and figure out all his own methods. +There were no precedents. At the +start his outfit consisted of Babe +and his big axe.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i015.jpg" width="400" height="676" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>No two logging jobs can be +handled exactly the same way so +Paul adapted his operations to +local conditions. In the mountains +he used Babe to pull the kinks out +of the crooked logging roads; on +the Big Onion he began the system +of hauling a section of land at a +time to the landings and in North +Dakota he used the Seven Axemen.</p> + +<p>At that time marking logs was +not thought of, Paul had no need +for identification when there were +no logs but his own. About the +time he started the Atlantic Ocean +drive others had come into the industry +and although their combined cut was insignificant compared +to Paul's, there was danger of confusion, and Paul had most to lose.</p> + +<p>At first Paul marked his logs by pinching a piece out of each +log. When his cut grew so large that the marking had to be detailed +to the crews, the "scalp" on each log was put on with an axe, for +even in those days not every man could nip out the chunk with his +fingers.</p> + +<p>The Grindstone was invented by Paul the winter he logged off +North Dakota. Before that Paul's axemen had to sharpen their axes +by rolling rocks down hill and running along side of them. When +they got to "Big Dick," as the lumberjacks called Dakota, hills and +rocks were so hard to find that Paul rigged up the revolving rock.</p> + +<p>This was much appreciated by the Seven Axemen as it enabled +them to grind an axe in a week, but the grindstone was not much of a hit +with the Little Chore Boy whose job it was to turn it. The first stone +was so big that working at full speed, every time it turned around +once it was payday.</p> + +<p>The Little Chore Boy led a strenuous life. He was only a kid +and like all youngsters putting in their first winter in the woods, he +was put over the jumps by the oldtimers. +His regular work was heavy +enough, splitting all the wood for +the camp, carrying water and packing +lunch to the men, but his hazers +sent him on all kinds of wild goose +errands to all parts of the works, +looking for a "left-handed peavy" +or a "bundle of cross-hauls."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i016.jpg" width="400" height="540" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>He had to take a lot of good +natured roughneck wit about his +size for he only weighed 800 +pounds and a couple of surcingles +made a belt for him. What he +lacked in size he made up in grit +and the men secretly respected his gameness. They said he might +make a pretty good man if he ever got any growth, and considered +it a necessary education to give him a lot of extra chores.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i016_2.jpg" width="400" height="582" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Often in the evening, after his day's work and long hours put +in turning the grindstone and keeping up fires in the camp stoves—that +required four cords of wood apiece to kindle a fire, he could be +found with one of Big Ole's small 600-pound anvils in his lap pegging +up shoes with railroad spikes.</p> + +<p>It was a long time before they +solved the problem of turning logging +sleds around in the road. +When a sled returned from the +landing and put on a load they had +to wait until Paul came along to +pick up the four horses and the +load and head them the other way. +Judson M. Goss says he worked for +Paul the winter he invented the +round turn.</p> + +<p>All of Paul's inventions were +successful except when he decided +to run three ten-hour shifts a day +and installed the Aurora Borealis. +After a number of trials the plan +was abandoned because the lights +were not dependable.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">"THE Seven Axemen of the Red River" they were called because +they had a camp on Red River with the three-hundred cooks and +the Little Chore Boy. The whole State was cut over from the one +camp and the husky seven chopped from dark to dark and walked +to and from work.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i017.jpg" width="700" height="291" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Their axes were so big it took a week to grind one of them. +Each man had three axes and two helpers to carry the spare axes +to the river when they got red hot from chopping. Even in those +days they had to watch out for forest fires. The axes were hung on +long rope handles. Each axeman would march through the timber +whirling his axe around him till the hum of it sounded like one of +Paul's fore-and-aft-mosquitoes, and at every step a quarter-section +of timber was cut.</p> + +<p>The height, weight and chest measurement of the Seven Axemen +are not known. Authorities differ. History agrees that they kept +a cord of four-foot wood on the table for toothpicks. After supper +they would sit on the deacon seat in the bunk shanty and sing "Shanty +Boy" and "Bung Yer Eye" till the folks in the settlements down on +the Atlantic would think another nor'wester was blowing up.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i017_2.jpg" width="700" height="340" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Some say the Seven Axemen were Bay Chaleur men; others +declare they were all cousins and came from down Machias way. +Where they came from or where they went to blow their stake after +leaving Paul's camp no one knows but they are remembered as husky +lads and good fellows around camp.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i018.jpg" width="700" height="328" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>After the Seven Axemen had gone down the tote road, never to +return, Paul Bunyan was at a loss to find a method of cutting down +trees that would give him anything like the output he had been getting. +Many trials and experiments followed and then Paul invented +the two-man saw.</p> + +<p>The first saw was made from a strip trimmed off in making +Big Joe's dinner horn and was long enough to reach across a quarter +section, for Paul could never think in smaller units. This saw +worked all right in a level country, in spite of the fact that all the +trees fell back on the saw, but in rough country only the trees on the +hill tops were cut. Trees in the valleys were cut off in the tops and +in the pot holes the saw passed over the trees altogether.</p> + +<p>It took a good man to pull this saw in heavy timber when Paul +was working on the other end. Paul used to say to his fellow sawyer, +"I don't care if you ride the saw, but please don't drag your feet." +A couple of cousins of Big Ole's were given the job and did so well +that ever afterward in the Lake States the saw crews have generally +been Scandinavians.</p> + +<p>It was after this that Paul had Big Ole make the "Down-Cutter." +This was a rig like a mowing machine. They drove around eight +townships and cut a swath 500 feet wide.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i018_2.jpg" width="700" height="340" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">THE Winter of the Deep Snow +everything was buried. Paul +had to dig down to find the tops +of the tallest White Pines. He had +the snow dug away around them +and lowered his sawyers down to +the base of the trees. When the +tree was cut off he hauled it to the +surface with a long parbuckle +chain to which Babe, mounted on +snowshoes, was hitched. It was +impossible to get enough stove +pipe to reach to the top of the +snow, so Paul had Big Ole make +stovepipe by boring out logs with +a long six-inch auger.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i019.jpg" width="400" height="507" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>The year of the Two Winters +they had winter all summer and then in the fall it turned colder. +One day Big Joe set the boiling coffeepot on the stove and it froze +so quick that the ice was hot. That was right after Paul had built +the Great Lakes and that winter they froze clear to the bottom. They +never would have thawed out if Paul had not chopped out the ice and +hauled it out on shore for the sun to melt. He finally got all the +ice thawed but he had to put in all new fish.</p> + +<p>The next spring was the year the rain came up from China. +It rained so hard and so long that the grass was all washed out +by the roots and Paul had a great time feeding his cattle. Babe +had to learn to eat pancakes +like Benny. That was the +time Paul used the straw hats +for an emergency ration.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i019_2.jpg" width="400" height="378" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>When Paul's drive came +down, folks in the settlements +were astonished to see all the +river-pigs wearing huge straw +hats. The reason for this was +soon apparent. When the fodder +ran out every man was +politely requested to toss his +hat into the ring. Hundreds +of straw hats were used to +make a lunch for Babe.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 615px;"> +<img src="images/i020.jpg" width="615" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="cap">TALK about a job for Paul Bunyan! In 1913 the site of Westwood +was primeval forest, sixty mountainous miles from the nearest +railroad. Tractors, trucks and hundreds of horses freighted in +materials before the railroad was extended and when the future +residents arrived the town was complete to the last detail.</p> + +<p>Not a shack in the town. Modern houses, sanitary sewers, +waterworks, electricity, grade and high schools, hospital, church, +clubs, up-to-date department store, cafeteria, dairy, packing house, +and cold storage, theatre, soda fountains, garage and ball park—the +5,400 citizens of Westwood enjoy comfortable homes, good schools, +year 'round employment at good wages, low living costs, and form +one of the most-up-and-coming communities in the progressive State +of California.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i020_2.jpg" width="700" height="331" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">LUCY, Paul Bunyan's cow, was not, so far as we can learn, related +in any way to either Babe or Benny. Statements that she was +their mother are without basis in fact. The two oxen had been in +Paul's possession for a long time before Lucy arrived on the scene.</p> + +<p>No reliable data can be found as to the pedigree of this remarkable +dairy animal. There are no official records of her butter-fat +production nor is it known where or how Paul got her.</p> + +<p>Paul always said that Lucy was part Jersey and part wolf. Maybe +so. Her actions and methods of living seemed to justify the allegation +of wolf ancestry, for she had an insatiable appetite and a +roving disposition. Lucy ate everything in sight and could never be +fed at the same camp with Babe or Benny. In fact, they quit trying +to feed her at all but let her forage her own living. The Winter of +the Deep Snow, when even the tallest White Pines were buried, +Brimstone Bill outfitted Lucy with a set of Babe's old snowshoes and +a pair of green goggles and turned her out to graze on the snowdrifts. +At first she had some trouble with the new foot gear but once she +learned to run them and shift gears without wrecking herself, she +answered the call of the limitless snow fields and ran away all over +North America until Paul +decorated her with a bell +borrowed from a buried +church.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i021.jpg" width="400" height="624" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>In spite of short rations +she gave enough milk to +keep six men busy skimming +the cream. If she had been +kept in a barn and fed regularly +she might have made +a milking record. When she +fed on the evergreen trees +and her milk got so strong of +White Pine and Balsam that +the men used it for cough +medicine and linament, they +quit serving the milk on the +table and made butter out +of it. By using this butter +to grease the logging roads +when the snow and ice thawed +off, Paul was able to run +his logging sleds all summer.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">THE family life of Paul +Bunyan, from all accounts, +has been very happy. +A charming glimpse of Mrs. +Bunyan is given by Mr. E. S. +Shepard of Rhinelander, Wis., +who tells of working in +Paul's camp on Round River +in '62, the Winter of the Black +Snow. Paul put him wheeling +prune pits away from the +cook camp. After he had worked +at this job for three months +Paul had him haul them all +back again as Mrs. Bunyan, +who was cooking at the camp, +wanted to use them to make +the hot fires necessary to cook +her famous soft nosed pancakes.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 324px;"> +<img src="images/i022.jpg" width="324" height="700" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Mrs. Bunyan, at this time +used to call the men to dinner +by blowing into a woodpecker +hole in an old hollow stub that +stood near the door. In this +stub there was a nest of owls +that had one short wing and +flew in circles. When Mr. +Shepard made a sketch of Paul, +Mrs. Bunyan, with wifely solicitude +for his appearance, parted +Paul's hair with a handaxe and combed it with an old crosscut saw.</p> + +<p>From other sources we have fragmentary glimpses of Jean, +Paul's youngest son. When Jean was three weeks old he jumped +from his cradle one night and seizing an axe, chopped the four posts +out from under his father's bed. The incident greatly tickled +Paul, who used to brag about it to any one who would listen to him. +"The boy is going to be a great logger some day," he would declare +with fatherly pride.</p> + +<p>The last we heard of Jean he was working for a lumber outfit +in the South, lifting logging trains past one another on a single +track railroad.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">IT is no picnic to tackle the wilderness and turn the very forest itself +into a commercial commodity delivered at the market. A +logger needs plenty of brains and back bone.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i023.jpg" width="400" height="645" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Paul Bunyan had his setbacks +the same as every logger only his were +worse. Being a pioneer he had to invent +all his stuff as he went along. +Many a time his plans were upset by +the mistakes of some swivel-headed +strawboss or incompetent foreman. +The winter of the blue snow, Shot Gunderson +had charge in the Big Tadpole +River country. He landed all of his +logs in a lake and in the spring when +ready to drive he boomed the logs +three times around the lake before he +discovered there was no outlet to it. +High hills surrounded the lake and the +drivable stream was ten miles away. +Apparently the logs were a total loss.</p> + +<p>Then Paul came on the job himself and got busy. Calling in +Sourdough Sam, the cook who made everything but coffee out of +sourdough, he ordered him to mix +enough sourdough to fill the big +watertank. Hitching Babe to the +tank, he hauled it over and dumped +it into the lake. When it "riz", as +Sam said, a mighty lava-like stream +poured forth and carried the logs +over the hills to the river. There is +a landlocked lake in Northern Minnesota +that is called "Sourdough +Lake" to this day.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i023_2.jpg" width="400" height="648" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Chris Crosshaul was a careless +cuss. He took a big drive down the +Mississippi for Paul and when the +logs were delivered in the New Orleans +boom it was found that he had +driven the wrong logs. The owners +looked at the barkmarks and refused +to accept them. It was up to Paul +to drive them back upstream.</p> + +<p>No one but Paul Bunyan would ever tackle a job like that. To +drive logs upstream is impossible, but if you think a little thing like +an impossibility could stop him, you don't know Paul Bunyan. He +simply fed Babe a good big salt ration and drove him to the upper +Mississippi to drink. Babe drank the river dry and sucked all the +water upstream. The logs came up river faster than they went down.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">BIG Ole was the Blacksmith at +Paul's headquarters camp on +the Big Onion. Ole had a cranky disposition +but he was a skilled workman. +No job in iron or steel was +too big or too difficult for him. One +of the cooks used to make doughnuts +and have Ole punch the holes. +He made the griddle on which Big +Joe cast his pancakes, and the dinner +horn that blew down ten acres +of pine. Ole was the only man who +could shoe Babe or Benny. Every +time he made a set of shoes for +Babe they had to open up another +Minnesota iron mine. Ole once +carried a pair of these shoes a mile +and sunk knee deep into solid rock +at every step. Babe cast a shoe +while making a hard pull one day, and it was hurled for a mile and +tore down forty acres of pine and injured eight Swedes that were +swamping out skidways. Ole was also a mechanic and built the +Downcutter, a rig like a mowing machine that cut down a swath +of trees 500 feet wide.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i024.jpg" width="400" height="650" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">IN the early days, whenever Paul Bunyan was broke between logging +seasons, he travelled around like other lumberjacks doing any +kind of pioneering work he could find. He showed up in Washington +about the time The Puget Construction Co. was building Puget +Sound and Billy Puget was making records moving dirt with droves +of dirt throwing badgers. Paul and Billy got into an argument over +who had shovelled the most. Paul got mad and said he'd show Billy +Puget and started to throw the dirt back again. Before Billy stopped +him he had piled up the San Juan Islands.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">WHEN a man gets the +reputation in the +woods of being a "good +man" it refers only to physical +prowess. Frequently +he is challenged to fight +by "good men" from other +communities.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i025.jpg" width="400" height="520" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>There was Pete Mufraw. +"You know Joe Mufraw?" +"Oui, two Joe Mufraw, +one named Pete." +That's the fellow. After +Pete had licked everybody +between Quebec and Bay +Chaleur he started to look +for Paul Bunyan. He +bragged all over the country +that he had worn out six +pair of shoe-pacs looking +for Paul. Finally he met up with him.</p> + +<p>Paul was plowing with two yoke of steers and Pete Mufraw +stopped at the brush-fence to watch the plow cut its way right +through rocks and stumps. When they reached the end of the furrow +Paul picked up the plow and the oxen with one arm and turned +them around. Pete took one look and then wandered off down the +trail muttering, "Hox an' hall! She's lift hox an' hall."</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">PAUL Bunyan started travelling before the steam cars were invented. +He developed his own means of transportation and the +railroads have never been able to catch up. Time is so valuable to +Paul he has no time to fool around at sixty miles an hour.</p> + +<p>In the early days he rode on the back of Babe, the Big Blue Ox. +This had it's difficulties because he had to use a telescope to keep +Babe's hind legs in view and the hooves of the ox created such havoc +that after the settlements came into different parts of the country +there were heavy damage claims to settle every trip.</p> + +<p>Snowshoes were useful in winter but one trip on the webs cured +Paul of depending upon them for transcontinental hikes. He started +from Minnesota for Westwood one Spring morning. There was still +snow in the woods so Paul wore his snowshoes. He soon ran out of +the snow belt but kept right on without reducing speed. Crossing +the desert the heat became oppressive, his mackinaws grew heavy +and the snowshoes dragged his feet but it was too late to turn back.</p> + +<p>When he arrived in California he discovered that the sun and hot +sand had warped one of his shoes and pulled one foot out of line at +every step, so instead of travelling on a bee line and hitting Westwood +exactly, he came out at San Francisco. This made it necessary for +him to travel an extra three hundred miles north. It was late that +night when he pulled into Westwood and he had used up a whole day +coming from Minnesota.</p> + +<p>Paul's fast foot work made him a "good man on the round stuff" +and in spite of his weight he had no trouble running around on the +floating logs, even the small ones. It was said that Paul could spin +a log till the bark came off and then run ashore on the bubbles. He +once threw a peavy handle into the Mississippi at St. Louis and +standing on it, poled up to Brainerd, Minnesota. Paul was a "white +water bucko" and rode water so rough it would tear an ordinary man +in two to drink out of the river.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">JOHNNY Inkslinger was Paul's headquarters clerk. He invented bookkeeping +about the time Paul invented logging. He was something of a +genius and perfected his own office appliances to increase efficiency. +His fountain pen was made +by running a hose from a +barrel of ink and with it he +could "daub out a walk" +quicker than the recipient of +the pay-off could tie the +knot in his tussick rope.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i026.jpg" width="400" height="536" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>One winter Johnny left +off crossing the "t's" and +dotting the "i's" and saved +nine barrels of ink. The +lumberjacks accused him of +using a split pencil to charge +up the tobacco and socks +they bought at the wanagan +but this was just bunkshanty +talk (is this the origin of +the classic term "the +bunk"?) for Johnny never +cheated anyone.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">HAVE you ever encountered the Mosquito of the North Country? +You thought they were pretty well developed animals with keen +appetites didn't you? Then you can appreciate what Paul Bunyan +was up against when he was surrounded by the vast swarms of the +giant ancestors of the present race of mosquitoes, getting their first +taste of human victims. The present mosquito is but a degenerate +remnant of the species. Now they rarely weigh more than a pound +or measure more than fourteen or fifteen inches from tip to tip.</p> + +<p>Paul had to keep his men and oxen in the camps with doors and +windows barred. Men armed with pike-poles and axes fought off the +insects that tore the shakes off the roof in their efforts to gain entrance. +The big buck mosquitoes fought among themselves and +trampled down the weaker members of the swarm and to this alone +Paul Bunyan and his crew owe their lives.</p> + +<p>Paul determined to conquer the mosquitoes before another +season arrived. He thought of the big Bumble Bees back home +and sent for several yoke of them. These, he hoped would destroy +the mosquitoes. Sourdough Sam brought out two pair of the bees, +overland on foot. There was no other way to travel for the flight +of the beasts could not be controlled. Their wings were strapped +with surcingles, they checked their stingers with Sam and walking +shoes were provided for them. Sam brought them through without +losing a bee.</p> + +<p>The cure was worse than the original trouble. The Mosquitoes +and the Bees made a hit with each other. They soon intermarried +and their off-spring, as often happens, were worse than their parents. +They had stingers fore-and-aft and could get you coming or going.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i027.jpg" width="700" height="380" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>Their bee blood caused their +downfall in the long run. Their +craving for sweets could only be +satisfied by sugar and molasses in +large quantities, for what is a flower +to an insect with a ten-gallon stomach? +One day the whole tribe flew +across Lake Superior to attack a +fleet of ships bringing sugar to +Paul's camps. They destroyed the +ships but ate so much sugar they +could not fly and all were drowned.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i028.jpg" width="400" height="557" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>One pair of the original bees +were kept at headquarters camp and +provided honey for the pancakes for +many years.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">IF Paul Bunyan did not invent Geography he created a lot of it. +The Great Lakes were first constructed to provide a water hole +for Babe the Big Blue Ox. Just what year this work was done is not +known but they were in use prior to the Year of the Two Winters.</p> + +<p>The Winter Paul Bunyan logged off North Dakota he hauled +water for his ice roads from the Great Lakes. One day when Brimstone +Bill had Babe hitched to one of the old water tanks and was +making his early morning trip, the tank sprung a leak when they were +half way across Minnesota. Bill saved himself from drowning by +climbing Babe's tail but all efforts to patch up the tank were in vain +so the old tank was abandoned and replaced by one of the new ones. +This was the beginning of the Mississippi River and the truth of this +is established by the fact that the old Mississippi is still flowing.</p> + +<p>The cooks in Paul's camps used a lot of water and to make +things handy, they used to dig wells near the cook shanty. At headquarters +on the Big Auger, on top of the hill near the mouth of the +Little Gimlet, Paul dug a well so deep that it took all day for the +bucket to fall to the water, and a week to haul it up. They had to run +so many buckets that the well was forty feet in diameter. It was +shored up with tamarac poles and when the camp was abandoned Paul +pulled up this cribbing. Travellers who have visited the spot say that +the sand has blown away until 178 feet of the well is sticking up into +the air, forming a striking landmark.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 533px;"> +<img src="images/i029.jpg" width="533" height="400" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="cap">WHAT is camp without a dog? Paul Bunyan loved dogs as well +as the next man but never would have one around that could +not earn its keep. Paul's dogs had to work, hunt or catch rats. It +took a good dog to kill the rats and mice in Paul's camps for the +rodents picked up scraps of the buffalo milk pancakes and grew to +be as big as two year old bears.</p> + +<p>Elmer, the moose terrier, practiced up on the rats when he was +a small pup and was soon able to catch a moose on the run and finish +it with one shake. Elmer loafed around the cook camp and if the +meat supply happened to run low the cook would put the dog out the +door and say, "Bring in a moose." Elmer would run into the timber, +catch a moose and bring it in and repeat the performance until, after +a few minutes work, the cook figured he had enough for a mess and +would call the dog in.</p> + +<p>Sport, the reversible dog, was really the best hunter. He was +part wolf and part elephant hound and was raised on bear milk. +One night when Sport was quite young, he was playing around in the +horse barn and Paul, mistaking him for a mouse, threw a hand axe +at him. The axe cut the dog in two but Paul, instantly realizing what +had happened, quickly stuck the two halves together, gave the pup +first aid and bandaged him up. With careful nursing the dog +soon recovered and then it was seen that Paul in his haste had twisted +the two halves so that the hind legs pointed straight up. This proved +to be an advantage for the dog learned to run on one pair of legs for +a while and then flop over without loss of speed and run on the other +pair. Because of this he never tired and anything he started after +got caught. Sport never got his full growth. While still a pup he +broke through four feet of ice on Lake Superior and was drowned.</p> + +<p>As a hunter, Paul would make old Nimrod himself look like a +city dude lost from his guide. He was also a good fisherman. Oldtimers +tell of seeing Paul as a small boy, fishing off the Atlantic +Coast. He would sail out early in the morning in his three-mast +schooner and wade back before breakfast with his boat full of fish +on his shoulder.</p> + +<p>About this time he got his shot gun that required four dishpans +full of powder and a keg of spikes to load each barrel. With this +gun he could shoot geese so high in the air they would spoil before +reaching the ground.</p> + +<p>Tracking was Paul's favorite sport and no trail was too old or +too dim for him to follow. He once came across the skeleton of a +moose that had died of old age and, just for curiosity, picked up +the tracks of the animal and spent the whole afternoon following its +trail back to the place where it was +born.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i030.jpg" width="400" height="689" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p>The shaggy dog that spent most +of his time pretending to sleep in +front of Johnny Inkslinger's counter +in the camp office was Fido, the +watch dog. Fido was the bug-bear +(not bearer, just bear) of the greenhorns. +They were told that Paul +starved Fido all winter and then, +just before payday, fed him all the +swampers, barn boys and student +bull-cooks. The very marrow was +frozen in their heads at the thought +of being turned into dog food. Their +fears were groundless for Paul +would never let a dog go hungry or +mistreat a human being. Fido was +fed all the watch peddlers, tailors' +agents, and camp inspectors and +thus served a very useful purpose.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> +<img src="images/i031.jpg" width="700" height="338" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="cap">WHEN Paul Bunyan took up efficiency engineering he went at +the job with all his customary thoroughness. He did not fool +around clocking the crew with a stop watch, counting motions and +deducting the ones used for borrowing chews, going for drinks, +dodging the boss and preparing for quitting time. He decided to +cut out labor altogether.</p> + +<p>"What's the use," said Paul, "of all this sawing, swamping, skidding, +decking, grading and icing roads, loading, hauling and landing? +The object of the game is to get the trees to the landing, ain't it? +Well, why not do it and get it off +your mind?"</p> + +<p>So he hitched Babe to a section +of land and snaked in the +whole 640 acres at one drag. At +the landing the trees were cut off +just like shearing a sheep and the +denuded section hauled back to it's +original place. This simplified +matters and made the work a lot +easier. Six trips a day, six days +a week just cleaned up a township +for section 37 was never hauled +back to the woods on Saturday +night but was left on the landing +to wash away in the early spring +when the drive went out.</p> + +<p>Documentary evidence of the +truth of this is offered by the +United States government surveys. +Look at any map that shows the +land subdivisions and you will +never find a township with more +than thirty-six sections.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i031_2.jpg" width="400" height="545" alt="" title="" /> +<span class="caption">Westwood, Cal. Dec. 32 (Special) Hauling +in the last section 37 in California today. +Brimstone Bill, the bullwhacker in +charge of Babe, the Big Blue Ox, met +with an accident that would have been +fatal but for the prompt action of Paul +Bunyan. The section skidded on a bad +turn and buried Brimstone against the +mountain side. Mr. Bunyan hitched +Babe to the mountain and pulled it +away, releasing Brimstone who is recovering +in the Westwood Hospital.</span> +</div> + +<p>The foregoing statement, previously published, has caused some +controversy. Mr. T. S. Sowell of Miami, Florida wrote to us citing +the townships in his State that have sections numbered 37 to 40. +He said that the government survey had been complicated by the old +Spanish land grants. We put the matter up to Paul Bunyan and from +his camp near Westwood came this reply:</p> + +<blockquote> +<p> +Red River Advertising Department.<br /> +</p> + +<p>Dear Sir: Yes sir, I remember those sections and a lot +of bother they made me too. One winter when I was +starting the White Pine business and snaking sections +down to the Atlantic Ocean, a man from Florida came +along and ordered a bunch of sections delivered down to +his place. He wanted to see if he could grow the same +kind of White Pine down there. I yarded out a nice bunch +of sections and next summer when my drive was in and +I wasn't busy I took a crew of Canada Boys and Mainites +and poled them down the coast. When I come to collect +they said this man was gone looking for a Fountain of +Youth or some fool thing.</p> + +<p>I don't know what luck he had with his White Pine +ranch. I never seen them again. I had a lot of other +things to tend to and clean forgot it till you sent me Mr. +Sowell's letter. Maybe that man was a Spaniard I don't +know.</p> + +<p> +Yours respectively,<br /> +<br /> +P. BUNYAN.</p> +</blockquote> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">FROM 1917 to 1920 Paul Bunyan was busy toting the supplies +and building camps for a bunch of husky young fellow-Americans +who had a contract on the other side of the Atlantic, showing a +certain prominent European (who is now logging in Holland) how +they log in the United States.</p> + +<p>After his service overseas with the A. E. F., Paul couldn't get +back to the States quick enough. Airplanes were too slow so Paul +embarked in his Bark Canoe, the one he used on the Big Onion the +year he drove logs upstream. When he threw the old paddle into +high he sure rambled and the sea was covered with dead fish that +broke their backs trying to watch him coming and going.</p> + +<p>As he shoved off from France, Paul sent a wireless to New York +but passed the Statue of Liberty three lengths ahead of the message. +From New York to Westwood he travelled on skis. When the home +folks asked him if the Allegheney Mountains and the Rockies had +bothered him, Paul replied, "I didn't notice any mountains but the +trail was a little bumpy in a couple of spots."</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="cap">BACK in the early days, when his camps were so far from anywhere +that the wolves following the tote-teams got lost in the woods, +Paul Bunyan made no attempt to keep in touch with the trade. What's +the use when every letter that comes in is about things that happened +the year before?</p> + +<p>Since he came to Westwood Paul has renewed old friendships, +formed new ones and kept close contact with the world. Everyone +expects great things of Paul Bunyan and with the Red River outfit +back of him he has the chance of his life to make good. Continuous +production keeps a full assortment of stock on hand. Customers in +all parts of America find Westwood a dependable source of supply.</p> + +<p>Here is an instance. This old friend of Paul's, a prominent +furniture manufacturer in the Lake States, was disappointed because +an item he wanted for immediate shipment was not in stock in the +grade and thickness required. He wrote the letter shown below and +was given an explanation of the facts in the case in the accompanying +reply.</p> + +<div class="figlinked" style="width: 400px;"><a href="images/i032big.jpg"> +<img src="images/i032.jpg" width="400" height="368" alt="" title=""/></a> +</div> + +<p class="center"><i>Click on the image to enlarge</i></p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="center">PAUL +BUNYAN'S +PINE</p> + +<p class="center">CALIFORNIA WHITE +<i>And</i> SUGAR PINES</p> + +<p class="center">"<i>Specified where +economy is a vital +factor, or where the +best is used regardless +of cost.</i>"</p> + +<p class="center">WHITE FIR INCENSE CEDAR</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i033.jpg" width="400" height="366" alt="" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">"<i>The old-fashioned White Pine our grandfathers used!</i>"</p> + +<p>How often have you wished for it, the soft, even textured, easy-working +wood that took paint so well and weathered the years without +a warp or a check?</p> + +<blockquote><p>Here it is, friends, better than ever,—clear plank 48 inches wide if you +want them. Red River products excel in workmanship, precise cutting, +perfect seasoning. YARD STOCKS, all items and grades, boards, dimension, +moldings, lath and sidings. FACTORY LUMBER, sash and door cuttings +and industrial cuttings for any requirement. BOX SHOOKS and crate stocks +of every description. SASH AND DOORS, standard and made to order. +PATTERN STOCK, large sizes, easy working, durable.</p> + +<p>Saving in working-up costs, by hand or machine; light weight and the +superior quality,—grade for grade, make PAUL BUNYAN'S PINES the +most profitable to buy, to work or to sell. Distributed to all parts of +America and to foreign countries.</p></blockquote> + +<p class="center"><i>Largest Manufacturers of California Pines.</i></p> + +<p class="center">"Producers of White Pine for over Half a Century."</p> + + +<p class="center">The RED RIVER LUMBER CO.</p> + +<p class="center"> +T. B. WALKER, <span class="smcap">President</span>.</p> + +<p class="center">GILBERT M. WALKER, <span class="smcap">Vice President</span> FLETCHER L. WALKER, <span class="smcap">Treasurer</span><br /> +WILLIS J. WALKER, <span class="smcap">Vice President</span> ARCHIE D. WALKER, <span class="smcap">Secretary</span><br /> +<br /> +Mills, Factories & Sales Office, R. F. Pray, Resident Mgr. WESTWOOD CALIF.<br /> +General Office and Sales, 807 Hennepin Ave., MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.<br /> +Yards and Sales Office, 2452 Loomis St., CHICAGO, ILL.<br /> +Sales Office, 307 Monadnock Bldg., SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.<br /> +Sales Office, 832 Union Oil Bldg., LOS ANGELES, CALIF, +</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Extra Copies of This Book Mailed Free Upon Request.</i></p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="tnote"><p><b>Transcriber's Notes:</b></p> + +<p>This book has no table of contents, since it has no chapters. It has +no list of illustration, since most of the illustrations lacked +captions. Instead, it is a book of short stories about Paul Bunyan, +which is part advertising for a lumber company and part stories of +"America's only myth."</p> + +<p>The use of "its" and "it's" has been preserved as in the original +publication.</p> + +<p>Errors in punctuation were not corrected unless otherwise noted below:</p> + +<p><b>List of Corrections:</b></p> + +<p>On page 3, a comma was added after "1914".</p> + +<p>On page 4, "siezed" was replaced with "seized".</p> + +<p>On page 6, a comma was added after "Oregonian", a comma was added after +"Ida V. Turney", and series of three asterisks were replaced with +ellipses.</p> + +<p>On page 7, a comma was added after "the big blue ox" and an extra period +at the end of the page was removed.</p> + +<p>On page 11, a comma was added after "concrete mixers" and a period was +added after "Volcano in America".</p> + +<p>On page 17, "regularwork" was replaced with "regular work".</p> + +<p>On page 18, "for-and-aft" was replaced with "fore-and-aft".</p> + +<p>On page 22, a comma was added after "Paul Bunyan's cow".</p> + +<p>On page 23, a comma was added after "camp", a missing period was added +to "Mrs", and "siezing" was replaced with "seizing".</p> + +<p>On page 24, "everthing" was replaced with "everything".</p> + +<p>On page 29, "cook's" was replaced with "cooks".</p> + +<p>On page 30, a comma was added after "reversible dog".</p> + +<p>On page 32, an open quotation mark was added before "of all".</p> + +<p>On page 35, "Unoin Oil" was replaced with "Union Oil" and "Los Angles" was +replaced with "Los Angeles".</p> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL BUNYAN***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 32994-h.txt or 32994-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/2/9/9/32994">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/9/9/32994</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution.</p> + + + +<pre> +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">http://www.gutenberg.org/license)</a>. + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">http://www.gutenberg.org</a> + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/</a> + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL</a> + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** +</pre> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/32994-h/images/i001.jpg b/32994-h/images/i001.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8abf7e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i001.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i002.jpg b/32994-h/images/i002.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ee945bd --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i002.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i003.jpg b/32994-h/images/i003.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..77dfaf2 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i003.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i004.jpg b/32994-h/images/i004.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5397c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i004.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i005.jpg b/32994-h/images/i005.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fce9d9f --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i005.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i006.jpg b/32994-h/images/i006.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..db412ab --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i006.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i007a.jpg b/32994-h/images/i007a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..49bc8af --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i007a.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i007b.jpg b/32994-h/images/i007b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2041819 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i007b.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i008.jpg b/32994-h/images/i008.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4bd989 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i008.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i009.jpg b/32994-h/images/i009.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4997153 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i009.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i010.jpg b/32994-h/images/i010.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1ea93e --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i010.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i011.jpg b/32994-h/images/i011.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f66b2df --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i011.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i012.jpg b/32994-h/images/i012.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d9b38d --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i012.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i012a.jpg b/32994-h/images/i012a.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c324f54 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i012a.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i013.jpg b/32994-h/images/i013.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..64079cf --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i013.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i014.jpg b/32994-h/images/i014.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a03dc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i014.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i014b.jpg b/32994-h/images/i014b.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a57e61c --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i014b.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i015.jpg b/32994-h/images/i015.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1972ee --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i015.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i016.jpg b/32994-h/images/i016.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..55ebb2a --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i016.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i016_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i016_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b885583 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i016_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i017.jpg b/32994-h/images/i017.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b462a8 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i017.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i017_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i017_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..73ceb90 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i017_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i018.jpg b/32994-h/images/i018.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..6f0c69b --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i018.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i018_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i018_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5f26202 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i018_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i019.jpg b/32994-h/images/i019.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..89aa355 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i019.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i019_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i019_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1104389 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i019_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i020.jpg b/32994-h/images/i020.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a31feaf --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i020.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i020_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i020_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..af8b659 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i020_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i021.jpg b/32994-h/images/i021.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..65848ec --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i021.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i022.jpg b/32994-h/images/i022.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..87ff944 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i022.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i023.jpg b/32994-h/images/i023.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8f150c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i023.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i023_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i023_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..28190b3 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i023_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i024.jpg b/32994-h/images/i024.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3562ea5 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i024.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i025.jpg b/32994-h/images/i025.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..850d281 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i025.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i026.jpg b/32994-h/images/i026.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..7dac0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i026.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i027.jpg b/32994-h/images/i027.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..865a03e --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i027.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i028.jpg b/32994-h/images/i028.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0619321 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i028.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i029.jpg b/32994-h/images/i029.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cc06ed5 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i029.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i030.jpg b/32994-h/images/i030.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..55178e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i030.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i031.jpg b/32994-h/images/i031.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a3bf58 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i031.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i031_2.jpg b/32994-h/images/i031_2.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ddd408 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i031_2.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i032.jpg b/32994-h/images/i032.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac51c43 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i032.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i032big.jpg b/32994-h/images/i032big.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..bd7066f --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i032big.jpg diff --git a/32994-h/images/i033.jpg b/32994-h/images/i033.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..459ec9f --- /dev/null +++ b/32994-h/images/i033.jpg diff --git a/32994.txt b/32994.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6b0ffc1 --- /dev/null +++ b/32994.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1773 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan, by W. +B. Laughead + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: The Marvelous Exploits of Paul Bunyan + As Told in the Camps of the White Pine Lumbermen for Generations During Which Time the Loggers Have Pioneered the Way Through the North Woods from Maine to California; Collected from Various Sources and Embellished for Publication + + +Author: W. B. Laughead + + + +Release Date: June 28, 2010 [eBook #32994] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL +BUNYAN*** + + +E-text prepared by David Edwards, Ernest Schaal, and the Project Gutenberg +Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) from scanned +images of public domain material generously made available by Microsoft's +Live Search Books + + + +Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this + file which includes the original illustrations. + See 32994-h.htm or 32994-h.zip: + (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/32994/32994-h/32994-h.htm) + or + (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/32994/32994-h.zip) + + + Images of the original pages were available through the + Microsoft Search Book project, which was discontinued by + Microsoft in 2008. These images, or a remarkably similar + set, are now available though Internet Archive. See + http://www.archive.org/details/marvelousexploit00laugiala + + +Transcriber's note: + + This book has no table of contents, since it has no chapters. + It has no list of illustrations, since most of the + illustrations lacked captions. Instead, it is a book of short + stories about Paul Bunyan, which is part advertising for a + lumber company and part stories of "America's only myth." + + Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_). + + A detailed list of corrections is at the end of the e-book. + + + + + +[Illustration: PAUL BUNYAN AND HIS BIG BLUE OX (book cover)] + + +_The Marvelous Exploits of_ + +PAUL BUNYAN + +AS TOLD IN THE CAMPS +OF THE WHITE PINE LUMBERMEN FOR +GENERATIONS + +DURING WHICH TIME THE LOGGERS +HAVE PIONEERED THE WAY THROUGH +THE NORTH WOODS +FROM MAINE TO CALIFORNIA + +_Collected from Various Sources and +Embellished for Publication_ + +[Illustration] + +Text and Illustrations +By +W. B. Laughead + + +_Published for the Amusement +of our Friends by_ + +The RED RIVER LUMBER COMPANY +MINNEAPOLIS, WESTWOOD, CAL., CHICAGO, +LOS ANGELES-:-SAN FRANCISCO + +_NINETEEN TWENTY-TWO_ + + +PAUL Bunyan is the hero of lumbercamp whoppers that have been handed +down for generations. These stories, never heard outside the haunts of +the lumberjack until recent years, are now being collected by learned +educators and literary authorities who declare that Paul Bunyan is "the +only American myth." + +The best authorities never recounted Paul Bunyan's exploits in narrative +form. They made their statements more impressive by dropping them +casually, in an off hand way, as if in reference to actual events of +common knowledge. To over awe the greenhorn in the bunkshanty, or the +paper-collar stiffs and home guards in the saloons, a group of +lumberjacks would remember meeting each other in the camps of Paul +Bunyan. With painful accuracy they established the exact time and place, +"on the Big Onion the winter of the blue snow" or "at Shot Gunderson's +camp on the Tadpole the year of the sourdough drive." They elaborated on +the old themes and new stories were born in lying contests where the +heights of extemporaneous invention were reached. + +In these conversations the lumberjack often took on the mannerisms of +the French Canadian. This was apparently done without special intent and +no reason for it can be given except for a similarity in the mock +seriousness of their statements and the anti-climax of the bulls that +were made, with the braggadocio of the _habitant_. Some investigators +trace the origin of Paul Bunyan to Eastern Canada. Who can say? + +[Illustration: _Logging Road near Westwood, California. White Pine and +Old Fashioned Winters made Paul Bunyan feel at home._] + + * * * * * + +PAUL Bunyan came to Westwood, California in 1913 at the suggestion of +some of the most prominent loggers and lumbermen in the country. When +the Red River Lumber Company announced their plans for opening up their +forests of Sugar Pine and California White Pine, friendly advisors shook +their heads and said, + + "Better send for Paul Bunyan." + +Apparently here was the job for a +Superman,--quality-and-quantity-production on a big scale and great +engineering difficulties to be overcome. Why not Paul Bunyan? This is a +White Pine job and here in the High Sierras the winter snows lie deep, +just like the country where Paul grew up. Here are trees that dwarf the +largest "cork pine" of the Lake States and many new stunts were planned +for logging, milling and manufacturing a product of supreme +quality--just the job for Paul Bunyan. + +The Red River people had been cutting White Pine in Minnesota for two +generations; the crews that came west with them were old heads and every +one knew Paul Bunyan of old. Paul had followed the White Pine from the +Atlantic seaboard west to the jumping-off place in Minnesota, why not go +the rest of the way? + +[Illustration: TRADE MARK REGISTERED] + +Paul Bunyan's picture had never been published until he joined Red River +and this likeness, first issued in 1914, is now the Red River trademark. +It stands for the quality and service you have the right to expect from +Paul Bunyan. + + * * * * * + +WHEN and where did this mythical hero get his start? Paul Bunyan is +known by his mighty works; his antecedents and personal history are lost +in doubt. You can prove that Paul logged off North Dakota and grubbed +the stumps, not only by the fact that there are no traces of pine +forests in that State, but by the testimony of oldtimers who saw it +done. On the other hand, Paul's parentage and birth date are unknown. +Like Topsy, he jes' growed. + +Nobody cared to know his origin until the professors got after him. As +long as he stayed around the camps his previous history was treated with +the customary consideration and he was asked no questions, but when he +broke into college it was all off. Then he had to have ancestors, a +birthday and all sorts of vital statistics. For now Paul is recognized +as a regular Myth and students of folk-lore are making scientific +research of the Paul Bunyan Legend. + +R. R. Fenska, Professor of Forest Engineering, New York State College of +Forestry, Syracuse University, an authority on Paul Bunyan, writes: "He +is not only an all-American myth but as far as can be determined, the +only myth or legend in this country. It is all-American because Paul's +exploits are all accomplished on this continent and there is no +counterpart in the Old World. The origin of Paul is as much a myth as +the legend itself. There are some who feel that he was known in the +Northeastern forest back in the early 19th century but the best +available evidence points to the pineries of the Lake States as the +"Mother" of Paul Bunyan. It is certain that he developed to the zenith +of his powers in that region during the '80s and '90s." + +Professor Fenska points out that Paul was a "Northerner" for when the +virgin forests of the Lake States began to wane and the lumberjack +shifted to the Southern Yellow Pine region, little was heard of him for +nearly a decade. Noting his reappearance on the Pacific Coast, this +authority discounts the rumors that Paul has gone to Alaska and +expresses the opinion that his greatest exploits will take place in the +vast forests of the west. + +Esther Shepherd, Department of English, Reed College, Portland, Oregon +has traced the Paul Bunyan legend back to Maine but finds evidence of +beginnings that antedate the Maine epoch and is still carrying on her +painstaking search for the ultimate source. Writing in the _Pacific +Review_, Mrs. Shepherd relates this one about Paul's babyhood. + +"Paul Bunyan was born in Maine. When three weeks old he rolled around so +much in his sleep that he destroyed four square miles of standing +timber. Then they built a floating cradle for him and anchored it off +Eastport. When Paul rocked in his cradle it caused a seventy-five foot +tide in the Bay of Fundy and several villages were washed away. He +couldn't be wakened, however, until the British Navy was called out and +fired broadsides for seven hours. When Paul stepped out of his cradle he +sank seven warships and the British government seized his cradle and +used the timber to build seven more. That saved Nova Scotia from +becoming an island, but the tides in the Bay of Fundy haven't subsided +yet." + +"Seeing that this North American Continent has only one myth that is +entirely it's own" J. M. Leever of the Pacific Lumber Company writes in +a San Francisco paper, "It is a pity that it should have been in danger +of being forgotten." After paying tribute to the work of Prof. Fenska +and the University of Oregon Mr. Leever continues, "Where the tradition +of this Davy Crockett of the axe, this superman of the camps originated, +nobody can tell exactly. But it is probable that the stories of his +courage and impossible feats started on the St. Lawrence among the +French Canadians and filtered into the woods of the Adirondacks, +Michigan and Wisconsin. Although at times very human, Paul Bunyan in his +bigger moments far surpassed any of the figures of classical +Scandinavian or Celtic legend. For the sake of the young of the land his +memory ought to be kept forever fresh." + +[Illustration] + +Lee J. Smits conducted a "Paul Bunyan" column in _The Seattle Star_ and +published many entertaining contributions from oldtimers. These were +turned over to the University of Washington for preservation. + +"Standing alone in his might and inventiveness is Paul Bunyan, central +figure in America's meager folklore" Mr. Smits says editorially, "Only +among the pioneers could Paul thrive, his deeds are inspired by such +imagination as grows only in the great outdoors. For hours at a time, +lumberjacks will pile up the achievements of their hero. Each story is a +challenge calling for a yarn still more heroic. The story teller who +succeeds in eliciting a snicker is an artist, indeed, as the Paul Bunyan +legends must always be related and received with perfect seriousness. +Paul Bunyan has become a part of the every day life of the loggers. He +serves a valuable purpose in giving every hardship and tough problem its +whimsical turn." + +Mr. Harry L. Neall, of Harry L. Neall & Son, Mining Engineers of Eureka, +Cal., a student of the history of the lumber industry, has written that +beneath the phrase "invented lumbering" used in connection with Paul +Bunyan, there exists a basis of fact. Tracing the beginnings of the +industry from the cutting of "The King's Spars" in what is now the State +of Maine, before the Mayflower came to Plymouth Rock, Mr. Neall states +that "modern lumbering, as a separate industry was really invented in +New York in 1790 and that most of the oldtime lumbermen trace their +ancestry to forefathers who were a part of this beginning of lumbering." +The Red River people were interested to learn from Mr. Neall that a +Walker built a mill in Maine in 1680; another Walker sold a two-thirds +interest in this mill in 1716 and three Walkers were saw mill owners in +New Hampshire in 1785. Following the Pine Cutters across New York and +Pennsylvania, Mr. Neall found that the land records enable one to pick +them out by their names "as distinguished from the Palatinate settlers +who came solely for the farm lands upon which the hardwoods grew." That +the Paul Bunyan stories go back to the beginnings of the industry is the +belief of Mr. Neall who heard them in his grandfather's logging camps in +Pennsylvania and quotes this ancestor as connecting Paul with the early +traditions. + +DeWitt L. Hardy, "column conductor" on the Portland _Oregonian_, ran a +Paul Bunyan series for several months and received many more +contributions than it was possible to print, though they were featured +almost daily, writes Mr. Hardy: + +"Paul Bunyan is, as your folklore sharks doubtless will inform you, +about the only true fable of this character we have in this country. I +do not attempt to dip into any of the real sub-surface studies of its +development, my experience with Paul having been severely practical. I +first heard of him in a soddy in North Dakota, where I was told of his +great logging operations when he stripped that country and removed the +stumps. In the mass of correspondence I received while handling the Paul +Bunyan yarns here, answers came from all corners of the globe and from +all classes of people." + +Ida V. Turney, Department of Rhetoric, University of Oregon, and +President of the Oregon Council of English, has written a chapbook of +Paul Bunyan stories,--"gang-lore" Miss Turney classifies them, citing +technical reasons why they cannot be called "myth" "legend" or +"folk-lore." + +"It is distinctly American" she writes, "No other country could possibly +produce a literary type just like it; for it is, at least so I think, a +symbolic expression of the forces of physical labor at work in the +development of a great country. The symbolism is, of course, +unconscious, but none the less accurate." + +Miss Turney, the daughter of a lumberman, has known these stories from +childhood. "All Paul Bunyan stories start in a gang" she says, "others +are imitations ... Perhaps Paul Bunyan is the great American epic; but +if so it is _in the making_. In that case it seems to me that any gang +has a perfect right to create new stories.... Paul has become +astonishingly versatile in the West. He has tried his hand at almost +everything, just as the former laborers in the camps of Michigan and +Wisconsin branched into whatever big wild untamed hard work they came +across." + + * * * * * + +BABE, the big blue ox, constituted Paul Bunyan's assets and liabilities. +History disagrees as to when, where and how Paul first acquired this +bovine locomotive but his subsequent record is reliably established. +Babe could pull anything that had two ends to it. + +[Illustration] + +Babe was seven axehandles wide between the eyes according to some +authorities; others equally dependable say forty-two axehandles and a +plug of tobacco. Like other historical contradictions this comes from +using different standards. Seven of Paul's axehandles were equal to a +little more than forty-two of the ordinary kind. + +When cost sheets were figured on Babe, Johnny Inkslinger found that +upkeep and overhead were expensive but the charges for operation and +depreciation were low and the efficiency was very high. How else could +Paul have hauled logs to the landing a whole section (640 acres) at a +time? He also used Babe to pull the kinks out of the crooked logging +roads and it was on a job of this kind that Babe pulled a chain of +three-inch links out into a straight bar. + +They could never keep Babe more than one night at a camp for he would +eat in one day all the feed one crew could tote to camp in a year. For a +snack between meals he would eat fifty bales of hay, wire and all and +six men with picaroons were kept busy picking the wire out of his teeth. +Babe was a great pet and very docile as a general thing but he seemed to +have a sense of humor and frequently got into mischief. He would sneak +up behind a drive and drink all the water out of the river, leaving the +logs high and dry. It was impossible to build an ox-sling big enough to +hoist Babe off the ground for shoeing, but after they logged off Dakota +there was room for Babe to lie down for this operation. + +Once in a while Babe would run away and be gone all day roaming all over +the Northwestern country. His tracks were so far apart that it was +impossible to follow him and so deep that a man falling into one could +only be hauled out with difficulty and a long rope. Once a settler and +his wife and baby fell into one of these tracks and the son got out when +he was fifty-seven years old and reported the accident. These tracks, +today form the thousands of lakes in the "Land of the Sky-Blue Water." + + * * * * * + +BECAUSE he was so much younger than Babe and was brought to camp when a +small calf, Benny was always called the Little Blue Ox although he was +quite a chunk of an animal. Benny could not, or rather, would not haul +as much as Babe nor was he as tractable but he could eat more. + +Paul got Benny for nothing from a farmer near Bangor, Maine. There was +not enough milk for the little fellow so he had to be weaned when three +days old. The farmer only had forty acres of hay and by the time Benny +was a week old he had to dispose of him for lack of food. The calf was +undernourished and only weighed two tons when Paul got him. Paul drove +from Bangor out to his headquarters camp near Devil's Lake, North Dakota +that night and led Benny behind the sleigh. Western air agreed with the +little calf and every time Paul looked back at him he was two feet +taller. + +[Illustration] + +When they arrived at camp Benny was given a good feed of buffalo milk +and flapjacks and put into a barn by himself. Next morning the barn was +gone. Later it was discovered on Benny's back as he scampered over the +clearings. He had outgrown his barn in one night. + +[Illustration] + +Benny was very notional and would never pull a load unless there was +snow on the ground so after the spring thaws they had to white wash the +logging roads to fool him. + +Gluttony killed Benny. He had a mania for pancakes and one cook crew of +two hundred men was kept busy making cakes for him. One night he pawed +and bellowed and threshed his tail about till the wind of it blew down +what pine Paul had left standing in Dakota. At breakfast time he broke +loose, tore down the cook shanty and began bolting pancakes. In his +greed he swallowed the red-hot stove. Indigestion set in and nothing +could save him. What disposition was made of his body is a matter of +dispute. One oldtimer claims that the outfit he works for bought a hind +quarter of the carcass in 1857 and made corned beef of it. He thinks +they have several carloads of it left. + +Another authority states that the body of Benny was dragged to a safe +distance from the North Dakota camp and buried. When the earth was +shoveled back it made a mound that formed the Black Hills in South +Dakota. + + * * * * * + +THE custodian and chaperon of Babe the Big Blue Ox was Brimstone Bill. +He knew all the tricks of that frisky giant before they happened. + +[Illustration] + +"I know oxen" the old bullwhacker used to say, "I've worked 'em and fed +'em and doctored 'em ever since the ox was invented. And Babe, I know +that pernicious old reptyle same as if I'd abeen through him with a +lantern." + +Bill compiled "The Skinner's Dictionary", a hand book for teamsters, and +most of the terms used in directing draft animals (except mules) +originated with him. His early religious training accounts for the fact +that the technical language of the teamster contains so many names of +places and people spoken of in the Bible. + +The buckskin harness used on Babe and Benny when the weather was rainy +was made by Brimstone Bill. When this harness got wet it would stretch +so much that the oxen could travel clear to the landing and the load +would not move from the skidway in the woods. Brimstone would fasten the +harness with an anchor Big Ole made for him and when the sun came out +and the harness shrunk the load would be pulled to the landing while +Bill and the oxen were busy at some other job. + +The winter of the Blue Snow, the Pacific Ocean froze over and Bill kept +the oxen busy hauling regular white snow over from China. M. H. Keenan +can testify to the truth of this as he worked for Paul on the Big Onion +that winter. It must have been about this time that Bill made the first +ox yokes out of cranberry wood. + + * * * * * + +FEEDING Paul Bunyan's crews was a complicated job. At no two camps were +conditions the same. The winter he logged off North Dakota he had 300 +cooks making pancakes for the Seven Axemen and the little Chore-boy. At +headquarters on the Big Onion he had one cook and 462 cookees feeding a +crew so big that Paul himself never knew within several hundred either +way, how many men he had. + +[Illustration] + +At Big Onion camp there was a lot of mechanical equipment and the +trouble was a man who could handle the machinery cooked just like a +machinist too. One cook got lost between the flour bin and the root +cellar and nearly starved to death before he was found. + +Cooks came and went. Some were good and others just able to get by. Paul +never kept a poor one, very long. There was one jigger who seemed to +have learned to do nothing but boil. He made soup out of everything and +did most of his work with a dipper. When the big tote-sled broke through +the ice on Bull Frog Lake with a load of split peas, he served warmed up +lake water till the crew struck. His idea of a lunch box was a jug or a +rope to freeze soup onto like a candle. Some cooks used too much grease. +It was said of one of these that he had to wear calked shoes to keep +from sliding out of the cook-shanty and rub sand on his hands when he +picked anything up. + +There are two kinds of camp cooks, the Baking Powder Bums and the +Sourdough Stiffs. Sourdough Sam belonged to the latter school. He made +everything but coffee out of Sourdough. He had only one arm and one leg, +the other members having been lost when his sourdough barrel blew up. +Sam officiated at Tadpole River headquarters, the winter Shot Gunderson +took charge. + +After all others had failed at Big Onion camp, Paul hired his cousin Big +Joe who came from three weeks below Quebec. This boy sure put a mean +scald on the chuck. He was the only man who could make pancakes fast +enough to feed the crew. He had Big Ole, the blacksmith make him a +griddle that was so big you couldn't see across it when the steam was +thick. The batter, stirred in drums like concrete mixers, was poured on +with cranes and spouts. The griddle was greased by colored boys who +skated over the surface with hams tied to their feet. They had to have +colored boys to stand the heat. + +At this camp the flunkeys wore roller skates and an idea of the size of +the tables is gained from the fact that they distributed the pepper with +four-horse teams. + +Sending out lunch and timing the meals was rendered difficult by the +size of the works which required three crews--one going to work, one on +the job and one coming back. Joe had to start the bull-cook out with the +lunch sled two weeks ahead of dinner time. To call the men who came in +at noon was another problem. Big Ole made a dinner horn so big that no +one could blow it but Big Joe or Paul himself. The first time Joe blew +it he blew down ten acres of pine. The Red River people wouldn't stand +for that so the next time he blew straight up but this caused severe +cyclones and storms at sea so Paul had to junk the horn and ship it East +where later it was made into a tin roof for a big Union Depot. + +[Illustration: _MT. LASSEN, CALIFORNIA + +The only active Volcano in America. Where Big Joe cooks the beans._] + +When Big Joe came to Westwood with Paul, he started something. About +that time you may have read in the papers about a volcanic eruption at +Mt. Lassen, heretofore extinct for many years. That was where Big Joe +dug his bean-hole and when the steam worked out of the bean kettle and +up through the ground, everyone thought the old hill had turned volcano. +Every time Joe drops a biscuit they talk of earthquakes. + +[Illustration] + +It was always thought that the quality of the food at Paul's Camps had a +lot to do with the strength and endurance of the men. No doubt it did, +but they were a husky lot to start with. As the feller said about fish +for a brain food, "It won't do you no good unless there is a germ there +to start with." + +There must have been something to the food theory for the chipmunks that +ate the prune pits got so big they killed all the wolves and years later +the settlers shot them for tigers. + +A visitor at one of Paul's camps was astonished to see a crew of men +unloading four-horse logging sleds at the cook shanty. They appeared to +be rolling logs into a trap door from which poured clouds of steam. + +"That's a heck of a place to land logs" he remarked. + +"Them aint logs" grinned a bull-cook "them's sausages for the teamsters' +breakfast." + +At Paul's camp up where the little Gimlet empties into the Big Auger, +newcomers used to kick because they were never served beans. The bosses +and the men could never be interested in beans. E. E. Terrill tells us +the reason: + +Once when the cook quit they had to detail a substitute to the job +temporarily. There was one man who was no good anywhere. He had failed +at every job. Chris Crosshaul, the foreman, acting on the theory that +every man is good _somewhere_, figured that this guy must be a cook, for +it was the only job he had not tried. So he was put to work and the +first thing he tackled was beans. He filled up a big kettle with beans +and added some water. When the heat took hold the beans swelled up till +they lifted off the roof and bulged out the walls. There was no way to +get into the place to cook anything else, so the whole crew turned in to +eat up the half cooked beans. By keeping at it steady they cleaned them +up in a week and rescued the would-be-cook. After that no one seemed to +care much for beans. + +[Illustration] + +It used to be a big job to haul prune pits and coffee grounds away from +Paul's camps. It required a big crew of men and either Babe or Benny to +do the hauling. Finally Paul decided it was cheaper to build new camps +and move every month. + +The winter Paul logged off North Dakota with the Seven Axemen, the +Little Chore Boy and the 300 cooks, he worked the cooks in three +shifts--one for each meal. The Seven Axemen were hearty eaters; a +portion of bacon was one side of a 1600-pound pig. Paul shipped a +stern-wheel steamboat up Red River and they put it in the soup kettle to +stir the soup. + +Like other artists, cooks are temperamental and some of them are full of +cussedness but the only ones who could sass Paul Bunyan and get away +with it were the stars like Big Joe and Sourdough Sam. + +[Illustration] + +The lunch sled,--most popular institution in the lumber industry! It's +arrival at the noon rendezvous has been hailed with joy by hungry men on +every logging job since Paul invented it. What if the warm food freezes +on your tin plate, the keen cold air has sharpened your appetite to +enjoy it. The crew that toted lunch for Paul Bunyan had so far to travel +and so many to feed they hauled a complete kitchen on the lunch sled, +cooks and all. + + * * * * * + +OVER thirty years ago The Red River Lumber Company, foreseeing the end +of their White Pine which was reached in 1915, set out to find the pine +that would supply a trade that demands the qualities found in White +Pine. All the forests of North America were examined and exhaustively +studied and the selection was Sugar Pine and California White +Pine,--"the largest pines that ever grew" and production started at +Westwood in 1914. + +[Illustration] + +SUGAR PINE,--"cork pine's big brother," is botanically a White Pine with +all the family virtues that have made White Pine the standard from the +days of the Pilgrim Fathers to the period of "cork" White Pine in the +Lake States. It is light, soft, even-textured, easy-to-work, durable and +will not warp or check. + +CALIFORNIA WHITE PINE ranks second only to Sugar Pine in size and is +close to it in White Pine qualities. Botanically a Yellow Pine, its +texture has been so changed by climate and altitude that it in no way +resembles the Yellow Pines and is so much like White Pine that its trade +name is necessary to prevent confusion on the part of the consumer. + +WHITE FIR is light, straight grained and easily worked. A smaller +percentage of upper grades than the big pines, but with knots so small +that the commons offer exceptional values and advantages. It is used for +concrete forms, sheathing, studding and for dairy containers and +packages that must be odorless and tasteless. It also makes a handsome +interior finish. + +INCENSE CEDAR is used chiefly for pencils and chests--a soft, +straight-grained red cedar. + +The Red River people strive for a quality of manufacture worthy of such +magnificent trees. The Westwood plant, electrically operated throughout, +is a new departure in its field, with a capacity of 200 million feet a +year. Planned by our own engineers, much of the machinery and equipment +is of our own design and new standards of efficiency, economy and +precision of cutting have been set. Modern dry-kilns handle a large +part of the output and yield perfectly seasoned lumber, free from drying +defects, in a few days instead of the months required for air drying. + +[Illustration: _One of the Westwood Crane Crews Piling Lumber for +Air-drying. One board at a Time is Too Slow. The Record for One +Crane--10 Hours is 678,900 Feet, Board Measure._] + +The plant operates the year 'round, logging, sawing, manufacturing and +shipping. Handicaps of a severe winter climate are overcome and frozen +logs are thawed in a steam-heated pond. Continuous operation gives +steady employment to skilled and experienced men and a rapid replacement +of stocks that makes Westwood a dependable source of supply for the +trade. + +The large Red River factories at Westwood are equipped to supply every +known need of the trade and made-to-order specialties are quickly turned +out. The most modern machinery is used for cutting, finishing, glueing +and other operations. + +Our moldings, sash and doors and similar products are superior in their +clean-cut workmanship as well as the texture of the wood. Box shooks, +sash and door cuttings, boards for winding fine textiles or making organ +pipes, piano keys and key-beds, curtain poles and shade rollers are some +of our products. Cutting out the knots and waste at the source of supply +affords economies that are profitable to all wood consuming industries. + +[Illustration: _One of the Edgers, Westwood Mill, California._] + + * * * * * + +WHEN Paul invented logging he had to invent all the tools and figure out +all his own methods. There were no precedents. At the start his outfit +consisted of Babe and his big axe. + +[Illustration] + +No two logging jobs can be handled exactly the same way so Paul adapted +his operations to local conditions. In the mountains he used Babe to +pull the kinks out of the crooked logging roads; on the Big Onion he +began the system of hauling a section of land at a time to the landings +and in North Dakota he used the Seven Axemen. + +At that time marking logs was not thought of, Paul had no need for +identification when there were no logs but his own. About the time he +started the Atlantic Ocean drive others had come into the industry and +although their combined cut was insignificant compared to Paul's, there +was danger of confusion, and Paul had most to lose. + +At first Paul marked his logs by pinching a piece out of each log. When +his cut grew so large that the marking had to be detailed to the crews, +the "scalp" on each log was put on with an axe, for even in those days +not every man could nip out the chunk with his fingers. + +The Grindstone was invented by Paul the winter he logged off North +Dakota. Before that Paul's axemen had to sharpen their axes by rolling +rocks down hill and running along side of them. When they got to "Big +Dick," as the lumberjacks called Dakota, hills and rocks were so hard to +find that Paul rigged up the revolving rock. + +This was much appreciated by the Seven Axemen as it enabled them to +grind an axe in a week, but the grindstone was not much of a hit with +the Little Chore Boy whose job it was to turn it. The first stone was so +big that working at full speed, every time it turned around once it was +payday. + +The Little Chore Boy led a strenuous life. He was only a kid and like +all youngsters putting in their first winter in the woods, he was put +over the jumps by the oldtimers. His regular work was heavy enough, +splitting all the wood for the camp, carrying water and packing lunch to +the men, but his hazers sent him on all kinds of wild goose errands to +all parts of the works, looking for a "left-handed peavy" or a "bundle +of cross-hauls." + +[Illustration] + +He had to take a lot of good natured roughneck wit about his size for he +only weighed 800 pounds and a couple of surcingles made a belt for him. +What he lacked in size he made up in grit and the men secretly respected +his gameness. They said he might make a pretty good man if he ever got +any growth, and considered it a necessary education to give him a lot of +extra chores. + +[Illustration] + +Often in the evening, after his day's work and long hours put in turning +the grindstone and keeping up fires in the camp stoves--that required +four cords of wood apiece to kindle a fire, he could be found with one +of Big Ole's small 600-pound anvils in his lap pegging up shoes with +railroad spikes. + +It was a long time before they solved the problem of turning logging +sleds around in the road. When a sled returned from the landing and put +on a load they had to wait until Paul came along to pick up the four +horses and the load and head them the other way. Judson M. Goss says he +worked for Paul the winter he invented the round turn. + +All of Paul's inventions were successful except when he decided to run +three ten-hour shifts a day and installed the Aurora Borealis. After a +number of trials the plan was abandoned because the lights were not +dependable. + + * * * * * + +"THE Seven Axemen of the Red River" they were called because they had a +camp on Red River with the three-hundred cooks and the Little Chore Boy. +The whole State was cut over from the one camp and the husky seven +chopped from dark to dark and walked to and from work. + +[Illustration] + +Their axes were so big it took a week to grind one of them. Each man had +three axes and two helpers to carry the spare axes to the river when +they got red hot from chopping. Even in those days they had to watch out +for forest fires. The axes were hung on long rope handles. Each axeman +would march through the timber whirling his axe around him till the hum +of it sounded like one of Paul's fore-and-aft-mosquitoes, and at every +step a quarter-section of timber was cut. + +The height, weight and chest measurement of the Seven Axemen are not +known. Authorities differ. History agrees that they kept a cord of +four-foot wood on the table for toothpicks. After supper they would sit +on the deacon seat in the bunk shanty and sing "Shanty Boy" and "Bung +Yer Eye" till the folks in the settlements down on the Atlantic would +think another nor'wester was blowing up. + +[Illustration] + +Some say the Seven Axemen were Bay Chaleur men; others declare they were +all cousins and came from down Machias way. Where they came from or +where they went to blow their stake after leaving Paul's camp no one +knows but they are remembered as husky lads and good fellows around +camp. + +[Illustration] + +After the Seven Axemen had gone down the tote road, never to return, +Paul Bunyan was at a loss to find a method of cutting down trees that +would give him anything like the output he had been getting. Many trials +and experiments followed and then Paul invented the two-man saw. + +The first saw was made from a strip trimmed off in making Big Joe's +dinner horn and was long enough to reach across a quarter section, for +Paul could never think in smaller units. This saw worked all right in a +level country, in spite of the fact that all the trees fell back on the +saw, but in rough country only the trees on the hill tops were cut. +Trees in the valleys were cut off in the tops and in the pot holes the +saw passed over the trees altogether. + +It took a good man to pull this saw in heavy timber when Paul was +working on the other end. Paul used to say to his fellow sawyer, "I +don't care if you ride the saw, but please don't drag your feet." A +couple of cousins of Big Ole's were given the job and did so well that +ever afterward in the Lake States the saw crews have generally been +Scandinavians. + +It was after this that Paul had Big Ole make the "Down-Cutter." This was +a rig like a mowing machine. They drove around eight townships and cut a +swath 500 feet wide. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + +THE Winter of the Deep Snow everything was buried. Paul had to dig down +to find the tops of the tallest White Pines. He had the snow dug away +around them and lowered his sawyers down to the base of the trees. When +the tree was cut off he hauled it to the surface with a long parbuckle +chain to which Babe, mounted on snowshoes, was hitched. It was +impossible to get enough stove pipe to reach to the top of the snow, so +Paul had Big Ole make stovepipe by boring out logs with a long six-inch +auger. + +[Illustration] + +The year of the Two Winters they had winter all summer and then in the +fall it turned colder. One day Big Joe set the boiling coffeepot on the +stove and it froze so quick that the ice was hot. That was right after +Paul had built the Great Lakes and that winter they froze clear to the +bottom. They never would have thawed out if Paul had not chopped out the +ice and hauled it out on shore for the sun to melt. He finally got all +the ice thawed but he had to put in all new fish. + +The next spring was the year the rain came up from China. It rained so +hard and so long that the grass was all washed out by the roots and Paul +had a great time feeding his cattle. Babe had to learn to eat pancakes +like Benny. That was the time Paul used the straw hats for an emergency +ration. + +[Illustration] + +When Paul's drive came down, folks in the settlements were astonished to +see all the river-pigs wearing huge straw hats. The reason for this was +soon apparent. When the fodder ran out every man was politely requested +to toss his hat into the ring. Hundreds of straw hats were used to make +a lunch for Babe. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + +TALK about a job for Paul Bunyan! In 1913 the site of Westwood was +primeval forest, sixty mountainous miles from the nearest railroad. +Tractors, trucks and hundreds of horses freighted in materials before +the railroad was extended and when the future residents arrived the town +was complete to the last detail. + +[Illustration] + +Not a shack in the town. Modern houses, sanitary sewers, waterworks, +electricity, grade and high schools, hospital, church, clubs, up-to-date +department store, cafeteria, dairy, packing house, and cold storage, +theatre, soda fountains, garage and ball park--the 5,400 citizens of +Westwood enjoy comfortable homes, good schools, year 'round employment +at good wages, low living costs, and form one of the most-up-and-coming +communities in the progressive State of California. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + +LUCY, Paul Bunyan's cow, was not, so far as we can learn, related in any +way to either Babe or Benny. Statements that she was their mother are +without basis in fact. The two oxen had been in Paul's possession for a +long time before Lucy arrived on the scene. + +No reliable data can be found as to the pedigree of this remarkable +dairy animal. There are no official records of her butter-fat production +nor is it known where or how Paul got her. + +Paul always said that Lucy was part Jersey and part wolf. Maybe so. Her +actions and methods of living seemed to justify the allegation of wolf +ancestry, for she had an insatiable appetite and a roving disposition. +Lucy ate everything in sight and could never be fed at the same camp +with Babe or Benny. In fact, they quit trying to feed her at all but let +her forage her own living. The Winter of the Deep Snow, when even the +tallest White Pines were buried, Brimstone Bill outfitted Lucy with a +set of Babe's old snowshoes and a pair of green goggles and turned her +out to graze on the snowdrifts. At first she had some trouble with the +new foot gear but once she learned to run them and shift gears without +wrecking herself, she answered the call of the limitless snow fields and +ran away all over North America until Paul decorated her with a bell +borrowed from a buried church. + +[Illustration] + +In spite of short rations she gave enough milk to keep six men busy +skimming the cream. If she had been kept in a barn and fed regularly she +might have made a milking record. When she fed on the evergreen trees +and her milk got so strong of White Pine and Balsam that the men used it +for cough medicine and linament, they quit serving the milk on the table +and made butter out of it. By using this butter to grease the logging +roads when the snow and ice thawed off, Paul was able to run his logging +sleds all summer. + + * * * * * + +THE family life of Paul Bunyan, from all accounts, has been very happy. +A charming glimpse of Mrs. Bunyan is given by Mr. E. S. Shepard of +Rhinelander, Wis., who tells of working in Paul's camp on Round River in +'62, the Winter of the Black Snow. Paul put him wheeling prune pits away +from the cook camp. After he had worked at this job for three months +Paul had him haul them all back again as Mrs. Bunyan, who was cooking at +the camp, wanted to use them to make the hot fires necessary to cook her +famous soft nosed pancakes. + +[Illustration] + +Mrs. Bunyan, at this time used to call the men to dinner by blowing into +a woodpecker hole in an old hollow stub that stood near the door. In +this stub there was a nest of owls that had one short wing and flew in +circles. When Mr. Shepard made a sketch of Paul, Mrs. Bunyan, with +wifely solicitude for his appearance, parted Paul's hair with a handaxe +and combed it with an old crosscut saw. + +From other sources we have fragmentary glimpses of Jean, Paul's youngest +son. When Jean was three weeks old he jumped from his cradle one night +and seizing an axe, chopped the four posts out from under his father's +bed. The incident greatly tickled Paul, who used to brag about it to any +one who would listen to him. "The boy is going to be a great logger some +day," he would declare with fatherly pride. + +The last we heard of Jean he was working for a lumber outfit in the +South, lifting logging trains past one another on a single track +railroad. + + * * * * * + +IT is no picnic to tackle the wilderness and turn the very forest itself +into a commercial commodity delivered at the market. A logger needs +plenty of brains and back bone. + +[Illustration] + +Paul Bunyan had his setbacks the same as every logger only his were +worse. Being a pioneer he had to invent all his stuff as he went along. +Many a time his plans were upset by the mistakes of some swivel-headed +strawboss or incompetent foreman. The winter of the blue snow, Shot +Gunderson had charge in the Big Tadpole River country. He landed all of +his logs in a lake and in the spring when ready to drive he boomed the +logs three times around the lake before he discovered there was no +outlet to it. High hills surrounded the lake and the drivable stream was +ten miles away. Apparently the logs were a total loss. + +Then Paul came on the job himself and got busy. Calling in Sourdough +Sam, the cook who made everything but coffee out of sourdough, he +ordered him to mix enough sourdough to fill the big watertank. Hitching +Babe to the tank, he hauled it over and dumped it into the lake. When it +"riz", as Sam said, a mighty lava-like stream poured forth and carried +the logs over the hills to the river. There is a landlocked lake in +Northern Minnesota that is called "Sourdough Lake" to this day. + +[Illustration] + +Chris Crosshaul was a careless cuss. He took a big drive down the +Mississippi for Paul and when the logs were delivered in the New Orleans +boom it was found that he had driven the wrong logs. The owners looked +at the barkmarks and refused to accept them. It was up to Paul to drive +them back upstream. + +No one but Paul Bunyan would ever tackle a job like that. To drive logs +upstream is impossible, but if you think a little thing like an +impossibility could stop him, you don't know Paul Bunyan. He simply fed +Babe a good big salt ration and drove him to the upper Mississippi to +drink. Babe drank the river dry and sucked all the water upstream. The +logs came up river faster than they went down. + + * * * * * + +BIG Ole was the Blacksmith at Paul's headquarters camp on the Big Onion. +Ole had a cranky disposition but he was a skilled workman. No job in +iron or steel was too big or too difficult for him. One of the cooks +used to make doughnuts and have Ole punch the holes. He made the griddle +on which Big Joe cast his pancakes, and the dinner horn that blew down +ten acres of pine. Ole was the only man who could shoe Babe or Benny. +Every time he made a set of shoes for Babe they had to open up another +Minnesota iron mine. Ole once carried a pair of these shoes a mile and +sunk knee deep into solid rock at every step. Babe cast a shoe while +making a hard pull one day, and it was hurled for a mile and tore down +forty acres of pine and injured eight Swedes that were swamping out +skidways. Ole was also a mechanic and built the Downcutter, a rig like a +mowing machine that cut down a swath of trees 500 feet wide. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + +IN the early days, whenever Paul Bunyan was broke between logging +seasons, he travelled around like other lumberjacks doing any kind of +pioneering work he could find. He showed up in Washington about the time +The Puget Construction Co. was building Puget Sound and Billy Puget was +making records moving dirt with droves of dirt throwing badgers. Paul +and Billy got into an argument over who had shovelled the most. Paul got +mad and said he'd show Billy Puget and started to throw the dirt back +again. Before Billy stopped him he had piled up the San Juan Islands. + + * * * * * + +WHEN a man gets the reputation in the woods of being a "good man" it +refers only to physical prowess. Frequently he is challenged to fight by +"good men" from other communities. + +[Illustration] + +There was Pete Mufraw. "You know Joe Mufraw?" "Oui, two Joe Mufraw, one +named Pete." That's the fellow. After Pete had licked everybody between +Quebec and Bay Chaleur he started to look for Paul Bunyan. He bragged +all over the country that he had worn out six pair of shoe-pacs looking +for Paul. Finally he met up with him. + +Paul was plowing with two yoke of steers and Pete Mufraw stopped at the +brush-fence to watch the plow cut its way right through rocks and +stumps. When they reached the end of the furrow Paul picked up the plow +and the oxen with one arm and turned them around. Pete took one look and +then wandered off down the trail muttering, "Hox an' hall! She's lift +hox an' hall." + + * * * * * + +PAUL Bunyan started travelling before the steam cars were invented. He +developed his own means of transportation and the railroads have never +been able to catch up. Time is so valuable to Paul he has no time to +fool around at sixty miles an hour. + +In the early days he rode on the back of Babe, the Big Blue Ox. This had +it's difficulties because he had to use a telescope to keep Babe's hind +legs in view and the hooves of the ox created such havoc that after the +settlements came into different parts of the country there were heavy +damage claims to settle every trip. + +Snowshoes were useful in winter but one trip on the webs cured Paul of +depending upon them for transcontinental hikes. He started from +Minnesota for Westwood one Spring morning. There was still snow in the +woods so Paul wore his snowshoes. He soon ran out of the snow belt but +kept right on without reducing speed. Crossing the desert the heat +became oppressive, his mackinaws grew heavy and the snowshoes dragged +his feet but it was too late to turn back. + +When he arrived in California he discovered that the sun and hot sand +had warped one of his shoes and pulled one foot out of line at every +step, so instead of travelling on a bee line and hitting Westwood +exactly, he came out at San Francisco. This made it necessary for him to +travel an extra three hundred miles north. It was late that night when +he pulled into Westwood and he had used up a whole day coming from +Minnesota. + +Paul's fast foot work made him a "good man on the round stuff" and in +spite of his weight he had no trouble running around on the floating +logs, even the small ones. It was said that Paul could spin a log till +the bark came off and then run ashore on the bubbles. He once threw a +peavy handle into the Mississippi at St. Louis and standing on it, poled +up to Brainerd, Minnesota. Paul was a "white water bucko" and rode water +so rough it would tear an ordinary man in two to drink out of the river. + + * * * * * + +JOHNNY Inkslinger was Paul's headquarters clerk. He invented bookkeeping +about the time Paul invented logging. He was something of a genius and +perfected his own office appliances to increase efficiency. His fountain +pen was made by running a hose from a barrel of ink and with it he could +"daub out a walk" quicker than the recipient of the pay-off could tie +the knot in his tussick rope. + +[Illustration] + +One winter Johnny left off crossing the "t's" and dotting the "i's" and +saved nine barrels of ink. The lumberjacks accused him of using a split +pencil to charge up the tobacco and socks they bought at the wanagan but +this was just bunkshanty talk (is this the origin of the classic term +"the bunk"?) for Johnny never cheated anyone. + + * * * * * + +HAVE you ever encountered the Mosquito of the North Country? You thought +they were pretty well developed animals with keen appetites didn't you? +Then you can appreciate what Paul Bunyan was up against when he was +surrounded by the vast swarms of the giant ancestors of the present race +of mosquitoes, getting their first taste of human victims. The present +mosquito is but a degenerate remnant of the species. Now they rarely +weigh more than a pound or measure more than fourteen or fifteen inches +from tip to tip. + +Paul had to keep his men and oxen in the camps with doors and windows +barred. Men armed with pike-poles and axes fought off the insects that +tore the shakes off the roof in their efforts to gain entrance. The big +buck mosquitoes fought among themselves and trampled down the weaker +members of the swarm and to this alone Paul Bunyan and his crew owe +their lives. + +Paul determined to conquer the mosquitoes before another season arrived. +He thought of the big Bumble Bees back home and sent for several yoke of +them. These, he hoped would destroy the mosquitoes. Sourdough Sam +brought out two pair of the bees, overland on foot. There was no other +way to travel for the flight of the beasts could not be controlled. +Their wings were strapped with surcingles, they checked their stingers +with Sam and walking shoes were provided for them. Sam brought them +through without losing a bee. + +The cure was worse than the original trouble. The Mosquitoes and the +Bees made a hit with each other. They soon intermarried and their +off-spring, as often happens, were worse than their parents. They had +stingers fore-and-aft and could get you coming or going. + +[Illustration] + +Their bee blood caused their downfall in the long run. Their craving for +sweets could only be satisfied by sugar and molasses in large +quantities, for what is a flower to an insect with a ten-gallon stomach? +One day the whole tribe flew across Lake Superior to attack a fleet of +ships bringing sugar to Paul's camps. They destroyed the ships but ate +so much sugar they could not fly and all were drowned. + +[Illustration] + +One pair of the original bees were kept at headquarters camp and +provided honey for the pancakes for many years. + + * * * * * + +IF Paul Bunyan did not invent Geography he created a lot of it. The +Great Lakes were first constructed to provide a water hole for Babe the +Big Blue Ox. Just what year this work was done is not known but they +were in use prior to the Year of the Two Winters. + +The Winter Paul Bunyan logged off North Dakota he hauled water for his +ice roads from the Great Lakes. One day when Brimstone Bill had Babe +hitched to one of the old water tanks and was making his early morning +trip, the tank sprung a leak when they were half way across Minnesota. +Bill saved himself from drowning by climbing Babe's tail but all efforts +to patch up the tank were in vain so the old tank was abandoned and +replaced by one of the new ones. This was the beginning of the +Mississippi River and the truth of this is established by the fact that +the old Mississippi is still flowing. + +The cook's in Paul's camps used a lot of water and to make things handy, +they used to dig wells near the cook shanty. At headquarters on the Big +Auger, on top of the hill near the mouth of the Little Gimlet, Paul dug +a well so deep that it took all day for the bucket to fall to the water, +and a week to haul it up. They had to run so many buckets that the well +was forty feet in diameter. It was shored up with tamarac poles and when +the camp was abandoned Paul pulled up this cribbing. Travellers who have +visited the spot say that the sand has blown away until 178 feet of the +well is sticking up into the air, forming a striking landmark. + + * * * * * + +WHAT is camp without a dog? Paul Bunyan loved dogs as well as the next +man but never would have one around that could not earn its keep. Paul's +dogs had to work, hunt or catch rats. It took a good dog to kill the +rats and mice in Paul's camps for the rodents picked up scraps of the +buffalo milk pancakes and grew to be as big as two year old bears. + +[Illustration] + +Elmer, the moose terrier, practiced up on the rats when he was a small +pup and was soon able to catch a moose on the run and finish it with one +shake. Elmer loafed around the cook camp and if the meat supply happened +to run low the cook would put the dog out the door and say, "Bring in a +moose." Elmer would run into the timber, catch a moose and bring it in +and repeat the performance until, after a few minutes work, the cook +figured he had enough for a mess and would call the dog in. + +Sport, the reversible dog, was really the best hunter. He was part wolf +and part elephant hound and was raised on bear milk. One night when +Sport was quite young, he was playing around in the horse barn and Paul, +mistaking him for a mouse, threw a hand axe at him. The axe cut the dog +in two but Paul, instantly realizing what had happened, quickly stuck +the two halves together, gave the pup first aid and bandaged him up. +With careful nursing the dog soon recovered and then it was seen that +Paul in his haste had twisted the two halves so that the hind legs +pointed straight up. This proved to be an advantage for the dog learned +to run on one pair of legs for a while and then flop over without loss +of speed and run on the other pair. Because of this he never tired and +anything he started after got caught. Sport never got his full growth. +While still a pup he broke through four feet of ice on Lake Superior and +was drowned. + +As a hunter, Paul would make old Nimrod himself look like a city dude +lost from his guide. He was also a good fisherman. Oldtimers tell of +seeing Paul as a small boy, fishing off the Atlantic Coast. He would +sail out early in the morning in his three-mast schooner and wade back +before breakfast with his boat full of fish on his shoulder. + +About this time he got his shot gun that required four dishpans full of +powder and a keg of spikes to load each barrel. With this gun he could +shoot geese so high in the air they would spoil before reaching the +ground. + +Tracking was Paul's favorite sport and no trail was too old or too dim +for him to follow. He once came across the skeleton of a moose that had +died of old age and, just for curiosity, picked up the tracks of the +animal and spent the whole afternoon following its trail back to the +place where it was born. + +[Illustration] + +The shaggy dog that spent most of his time pretending to sleep in front +of Johnny Inkslinger's counter in the camp office was Fido, the watch +dog. Fido was the bug-bear (not bearer, just bear) of the greenhorns. +They were told that Paul starved Fido all winter and then, just before +payday, fed him all the swampers, barn boys and student bull-cooks. The +very marrow was frozen in their heads at the thought of being turned +into dog food. Their fears were groundless for Paul would never let a +dog go hungry or mistreat a human being. Fido was fed all the watch +peddlers, tailors' agents, and camp inspectors and thus served a very +useful purpose. + + * * * * * + +WHEN Paul Bunyan took up efficiency engineering he went at the job with +all his customary thoroughness. He did not fool around clocking the crew +with a stop watch, counting motions and deducting the ones used for +borrowing chews, going for drinks, dodging the boss and preparing for +quitting time. He decided to cut out labor altogether. + +[Illustration: Paul Bunyan says: "I'm going to change "Babe's" name to +"Faith" since he moved the mountain."] + +"What's the use," said Paul, "of all this sawing, swamping, skidding, +decking, grading and icing roads, loading, hauling and landing? The +object of the game is to get the trees to the landing, ain't it? Well, +why not do it and get it off your mind?" + +So he hitched Babe to a section of land and snaked in the whole 640 +acres at one drag. At the landing the trees were cut off just like +shearing a sheep and the denuded section hauled back to it's original +place. This simplified matters and made the work a lot easier. Six trips +a day, six days a week just cleaned up a township for section 37 was +never hauled back to the woods on Saturday night but was left on the +landing to wash away in the early spring when the drive went out. + +Documentary evidence of the truth of this is offered by the United +States government surveys. Look at any map that shows the land +subdivisions and you will never find a township with more than +thirty-six sections. + +[Illustration: Westwood, Cal. Dec. 32 (Special) Hauling in the last +section 37 in California today. Brimstone Bill, the bullwhacker in +charge of Babe, the Big Blue Ox, met with an accident that would have +been fatal but for the prompt action of Paul Bunyan. The section skidded +on a bad turn and buried Brimstone against the mountain side. Mr. Bunyan +hitched Babe to the mountain and pulled it away, releasing Brimstone who +is recovering in the Westwood Hospital.] + +The foregoing statement, previously published, has caused some +controversy. Mr. T. S. Sowell of Miami, Florida wrote to us citing the +townships in his State that have sections numbered 37 to 40. He said +that the government survey had been complicated by the old Spanish land +grants. We put the matter up to Paul Bunyan and from his camp near +Westwood came this reply: + + Red River Advertising Department. + + + Dear Sir: Yes sir, I remember those sections and a lot of + bother they made me too. One winter when I was starting the + White Pine business and snaking sections down to the Atlantic + Ocean, a man from Florida came along and ordered a bunch of + sections delivered down to his place. He wanted to see if he + could grow the same kind of White Pine down there. I yarded out + a nice bunch of sections and next summer when my drive was in + and I wasn't busy I took a crew of Canada Boys and Mainites and + poled them down the coast. When I come to collect they said + this man was gone looking for a Fountain of Youth or some fool + thing. + + I don't know what luck he had with his White Pine ranch. I + never seen them again. I had a lot of other things to tend to + and clean forgot it till you sent me Mr. Sowell's letter. Maybe + that man was a Spaniard I don't know. + + Yours respectively, + + P. BUNYAN. + + * * * * * + +FROM 1917 to 1920 Paul Bunyan was busy toting the supplies and building +camps for a bunch of husky young fellow-Americans who had a contract on +the other side of the Atlantic, showing a certain prominent European +(who is now logging in Holland) how they log in the United States. + +After his service overseas with the A. E. F., Paul couldn't get back to +the States quick enough. Airplanes were too slow so Paul embarked in his +Bark Canoe, the one he used on the Big Onion the year he drove logs +upstream. When he threw the old paddle into high he sure rambled and the +sea was covered with dead fish that broke their backs trying to watch +him coming and going. + +As he shoved off from France, Paul sent a wireless to New York but +passed the Statue of Liberty three lengths ahead of the message. From +New York to Westwood he travelled on skis. When the home folks asked him +if the Allegheney Mountains and the Rockies had bothered him, Paul +replied, "I didn't notice any mountains but the trail was a little bumpy +in a couple of spots." + + * * * * * + +BACK in the early days, when his camps were so far from anywhere that +the wolves following the tote-teams got lost in the woods, Paul Bunyan +made no attempt to keep in touch with the trade. What's the use when +every letter that comes in is about things that happened the year +before? + +Since he came to Westwood Paul has renewed old friendships, formed new +ones and kept close contact with the world. Everyone expects great +things of Paul Bunyan and with the Red River outfit back of him he has +the chance of his life to make good. Continuous production keeps a full +assortment of stock on hand. Customers in all parts of America find +Westwood a dependable source of supply. + +Here is an instance. This old friend of Paul's, a prominent furniture +manufacturer in the Lake States, was disappointed because an item he +wanted for immediate shipment was not in stock in the grade and +thickness required. He wrote the letter shown below and was given an +explanation of the facts in the case in the accompanying reply. + +[Illustration] + + * * * * * + + PAUL + BUNYAN'S + PINE + + CALIFORNIA WHITE + _And_ SUGAR PINES + +"_Specified where economy is a vital factor, or where the best is used +regardless of cost._" + + WHITE FIR + INCENSE CEDAR + +[Illustration] + +"_The old-fashioned White Pine our grandfathers used!_" + +How often have you wished for it, the soft, even textured, easy-working +wood that took so well and weathered the years without a warp or a +check? + + + Here it is, friends, better than ever,--clear plank 48 inches + wide if you want them. Red River products excel in workmanship, + precise cutting, perfect seasoning. YARD STOCKS, all items and + grades, boards, dimension, moldings, lath and sidings. FACTORY + LUMBER, sash and door cuttings and industrial cuttings for any + requirement. BOX SHOOKS and crate stocks of every description. + SASH AND DOORS, standard and made to order. PATTERN STOCK, + large sizes, easy working, durable. + + Saving in working-up costs, by hand or machine; light weight + and the superior quality,--grade for grade, make PAUL BUNYAN'S + PINES the most profitable to buy, to work or to sell. + Distributed to all parts of America and to foreign countries. + + + _Largest Manufacturers of California Pines._ + + "Producers of White Pine for over Half a Century." + + The RED RIVER LUMBER CO. + + T. B. WALKER, President. + GILBERT M. WALKER, Vice President FLETCHER L. WALKER, Treasurer + WILLIS J. WALKER, Vice President ARCHIE D. WALKER, Secretary + + Mills, Factories & Sales Office, + R. F. Pray, Resident Mgr. + WESTWOOD CALIF. + + General Office and Sales, + 807 Hennepin Ave., + MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. + + Yards and Sales Office, + 2452 Loomis St., + CHICAGO, ILL. + + Sales Office, + 307 Monadnock Bldg., + SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. + + Sales Office, + 832 Union Oil Bldg. + LOS ANGLES, CALIF. + + + _Extra Copies of This Book Mailed Free Upon Request._ + + + + + * * * * * + + + +Transcriber's note: + +The use of "its" and "it's" has been preserved as in the original +publication. + +Errors in punctuation were not corrected unless otherwise noted below: + +List of Corrections: + +On page 3, a comma was added after "1914". + +On page 4, "siezed" was replaced with "seized". + +On page 6, a comma was added after "Oregonian", a comma was added after +"Ida V. Turney", and series of three asterisks were replaced with +ellipses. + +On page 7, a comma was added after "the big blue ox" and an extra period +at the end of the page was removed. + +On page 11, a comma was added after "concrete mixers" and a period was +added after "Volcano in America". + +On page 17, "regularwork" was replaced with "regular work". + +On page 18, "for-and-aft" was replaced with "fore-and-aft". + +On page 22, a comma was added after "Paul Bunyan's cow". + +On page 23, a comma was added after "camp", a missing period was added +to "Mrs", and "siezing" was replaced with "seizing". + +On page 24, "everything" was replaced with "everything". + +On page 29, "cook's" was replaced with "cooks". + +On page 30, a comma was added after "reversible dog". + +On page 32, an open quotation mark was added before "of all". + +On page 35, "Unoin Oil" was replaced with "Union Oil", "Los Angles" was +replaced with "Los Angeles", and the table at the bottom was reformatted +to fix the set page width + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE MARVELOUS EXPLOITS OF PAUL +BUNYAN*** + + +******* This file should be named 32994.txt or 32994.zip ******* + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/2/9/9/32994 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://www.gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: +http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + diff --git a/32994.zip b/32994.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c414d4f --- /dev/null +++ b/32994.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..563f56b --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #32994 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/32994) |
