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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/33509-8.txt b/33509-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..daf86aa --- /dev/null +++ b/33509-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,887 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies, by Ticul Alvarez + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: August 23, 2010 [EBook #33509] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: The following typographical errors are noted, +but not corrected in the text: + page 116: "typotypes" should be "topotypes" + page 116: "Potosi" should be "Potosí" + page 116: "Sán Miguel" should be "San Miguel" + page 116: "Sán Isidro" should be "San Isidro" + page 117: "pleateau" should be "plateau" + page 120: "Nuevo Leon" should be "Nuevo León"] + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. + +December 29, 1961 + + + + +Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, +With Description of a New Subspecies + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1961 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + +Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. +Published December 29, 1961 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1961 + +[Illustration] + +29-393 + + + + +Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern +Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +Saussure (1860) described _Peromyscus aztecus_ from southern México. +Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure's specimens with some +from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that _aztecus_ was a subspecies of _P. +boylii_. Dalquest (1953) incorrectly reported specimens of _P. boylii_ +from San Luis Potosí as _P. b. aztecus_. Merriam (1898) named +_Peromyscus levipes_ from Mt. Malinche, Tlaxcala. Thomas (1903) +described from Orizaba, Veracruz, _P. beatae_, which Osgood (1909) +mistakenly thought was indistinguishable from _P. boylii levipes_. +Therefore, Osgood in 1909 in his revision of the genus _Peromyscus_ +reported only two subspecies of _P. boylii_ from eastern México: _P. b. +levipes_, and _P. b. aztecus_. Study of Osgood's and Thomas' material, +along with recently collected specimens from the states of eastern +México, leads me to conclude that _P. aztecus_ and _P. boylii_ are +different species; that _P. beatae_ is a valid subspecies different from +_P. b. levipes_; and finally that specimens of _P. boylii_ from Nuevo +León and northwestern Tamaulipas pertain to an hitherto unnamed +subspecies. + + +#Peromyscus aztecus# Saussure + + 1860. _H[esperomys]. aztecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., + Paris, ser. 2, 12:105, type from southern México, probably + from the vicinity of Mirador, Veracruz, according to Osgood + (N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156-157, April 17, 1909). + + 1909. _Peromyscus boylei aztecus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:156, April 17. + + _Geographic distribution._--Known only from Mirador and Jalapa + in Veracruz, and Huachinango in Puebla. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium for the genus (see measurements); tail + about as long as head and body; dorsal coloration near Sayal + Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912); sides + reddish; underparts Light Buff; tail bicolored but not + distinctly so; supraorbital border of skull angular, and bullae + pointed anteriorly; anterior half of braincase nearly straight + (not rounded) as viewed from above; upper molar series long + (4.7-5.0); incisive foramina short in relation to length of + skull. + + _Comparisons._--From _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. aztecus_ differs + as follows: Larger in most parts measured; maxillary tooth-row + 4.7-5.0 instead of 4.0-4.6; color brighter on sides (reddish + instead of ochraceous); supraorbital border angular instead of + rounded; anterior border of zygomatic plate convex in upper half + and almost straight in lower half as opposed to nearly straight + throughout in _boylii_; pterygoid fossa broader; bullae more + pointed anteriorly and less inflated; mesostyles of upper molars + larger; surface between orbital region and nasals convex in + lateral view instead of flat. + +_Remarks._--When Saussure (1860:105) described _P. aztecus_ he did not +designate a type or type locality. Osgood (1909:157) designated as +lectotype the mounted specimen, in the Geneva Museum, which has the +skull inside and of which Saussure figured the molar teeth. Osgood +(_loc. cit._) examined one of the three specimens (No. 3926 USNM) that +Saussure used in describing _P. aztecus_ and found that it agreed "in +every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, +which, in the lack of exact knowledge, may be assumed to be the type +locality, as it is certain that some at least of Saussure's specimens +were taken near there." + +[Illustration: FIG. 1. Two species of _Peromyscus_. + 1. _P. boylii ambiguus_ + 2. _P. boylii beatae_ + 3. _P. boylii levipes_ + 4. _P. aztecus_ (triangles)] + +Osgood regarded _P. aztecus_ as a subspecies of _P. boylii_ because of +the resemblance between _aztecus_ and _P. b. evides_, but _evides_ is +far removed geographically (occurring only in western México) from +_aztecus_, and is smaller. _P. aztecus_ is larger than any known +subspecies of _P. boylii_, and is not known to intergrade with _P. b. +levipes_ or _P. b. beatae_ (with which _aztecus_ occurs sympatrically at +Jalapa, Veracruz), the two subspecies of _boylii_ that are found nearest +the geographic range of _P. aztecus_. Also, as mentioned previously, +_aztecus_ possesses distinctive characters that distinguish it from all +subspecies of _boylii_. For these reasons I regard _aztecus_ as a +distinct species. + +According to Hall and Kelson (1959:634), _P. aztecus_ occurs in San Luis +Potosí, Hidalgo, and west-central Veracruz, but their map 364 is based +on the records of Osgood (1909:158) and Dalquest (1953:143). I have +examined all the specimens reported by the two authors last named and +find that those from San Luis Potosí are _P. boylii levipes_. + +The diagnosis and comparisons here presented of _aztecus_ were based on +specimens from Mirador in comparison with all the specimens of _P. +boylii_ from eastern México listed beyond. The largest specimens of _P. +boylii_ that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and +localities within a radius of five kilometers thereof. Some measurements +of these large specimens of _P. boylii_ overlap those of _P. aztecus_ +but the two kinds of mice differ greatly in characters of the skull, in +color, and in length of tail. + +The specimens (three adults and three juveniles) from Huachinango, +Puebla, are slightly darker than specimens from Mirador but do not +differ otherwise. Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by +Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador +in color and cranial characteristics and is _P. aztecus_, whereas the +other (108548 USNM) is _P. b. beatae_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 16 (all USNM) as follows: PUEBLA: + Huachinango, 6. VERACRUZ: Mirador, 9; Jalapa, 1. + + +#Peromyscus boylii levipes# Merriam + + 1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 + ft., Tlaxcala. + + 1909. _Peromyscus boylei levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:153, April 17. + + _Geographic distribution._--Southeastern Tamaulipas and eastern + San Luis Potosí, south through the central states of México to + Guatemala. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; tail shorter or + longer than head and body (83-112.3%); color variable according + to locality but in general ochraceous, having some dusky on + upper parts; supraorbital border not angular, almost rounded; + auditory bullae large. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons see accounts of the subspecies + discussed beyond and Osgood (1909:145). + +_Remarks._--A precise diagnosis for _P. b. levipes_ is difficult to +prepare because some geographic variation in color and in the cranial +characters is present within the range of the subspecies as here +understood. For instance there is a gradual cline of decreasing size to +the northward in nearly all measurements, but the ratio of length of +tail to length of head and body does not present such a cline; mice +from several localities in San Luis Potosí have a relatively shorter +tail than do mice from farther north and from farther south. Also, +specimens labeled in reference to Zacualpilla, Jacales, Jacala, +Tulancingo, and San Miguel Regla average slightly darker dorsally than +do typotypes. Some of these specimens are reddish on the cheek and +lateral line. Specimens from San Luis Potosí resemble topotypes, but +some specimens from northeastern localities in that state have cinnamon +or brownish upper parts and are intermediate in coloration between +populations of _levipes_ to the south and populations of the same +subspecies to the north from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de +Tamaulipas. Specimens from these two sierras have a cinnamon-reddish +color that is more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. + +Osgood (1909:153) recorded _P. b. levipes_ as occurring from central +Nuevo León south through San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to +southern Oaxaca. Actually specimens from Nuevo León and from most parts +of Veracruz differ subspecifically from _levipes_ and also from each +other. In Veracruz, _P. b. levipes_ is known only from the northwestern +part. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 179 as follows: TAMAULIPAS: Sierra + Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; _8 mi. + S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft._, 37; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2000 + ft., 8 mi. S, 11 mi. W Piedra, 13. SAN LUIS POTOSI: Villar, 11 + (USNM); 10 km. E Platanito, 19 (LSU); _8 mi. E (by road) Santa + Barbarita_, 12 (LSU); _Agua Zarca_, 3 (LSU); 6 km. NE Cd. Maíz, + 13 (LSU); _Pendencia Region (Puerto Lobos)_, 1 (LSU); + _Pendencia, 2-1/2 mi. N Puerto Lobos_, 5 (LSU); 3 km. SW Sán + Isidro, 15 (LSU); Cerro Coneja Region, Llano Coneja, 6100 ft., 2 + (LSU); Xilitla, 4 (LSU). HIDALGO: 10 mi. NE Jacala, 5050 ft., 7; + Regla (Sán Miguel), 2250 m., 4; Arroyo de las Tinajas, 2370 m., + 9.5 km. SSW Tulancingo, 1; 10 mi. NW Apam, 7750 ft., 1. + VERACRUZ: 3 km. N Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 1; _3 km. W Zacualpan, + 6000 ft._, 12; _2 km. N Los Jacales, 7500 ft._, 8; _6 km. WSW + Zacualpilla, 6500 ft._, 5. TLAXCALA: Mt. Malinche, 3 (USNM). + + +#Peromyscus boylii beatae# Thomas + + 1903. _Peromyscus beatae_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, + 11:485, May, type from Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz. + + _Geographic distribution._--East side of the Sierra Madre + Oriental in Veracruz, from Jalancingo south to Xuchil. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large for the species; tail no shorter than + head and body (100-114.8%); dorsum dark (near Prout's Brown or + Mummy Brown middorsally, Clay Color on sides); supraorbital + border rounded; anterior palatine foramina long. + + _Comparisons._--_P. b. beatae_ differs from other subspecies of + _P. boylii_ by the combination of large size, long tail, and + dark color. + +_Remarks._--Thomas (1903:485) described _P. beatae_ on the basis of five +specimens from Xometla Camp (lat. 18° 59' N, long. 97° 10' W) and one +juvenile from Santa Barbara Camp, both on the Volcán de Orizaba, +Veracruz. Thomas thought that _beatae_ was related to _aztecus_, but the +differences relied on by him to distinguish the two are the same as +those that distinguish _aztecus_ from _boylii_. Osgood (1909:153) placed +_beatae_ in synonymy under _P. b. levipes_ because Mount Orizaba (type +locality of _beatae_) is "relatively very near" Mount Malinche (type +locality of _levipes_), and Thomas had not compared _beatae_ with +_levipes_. Xometla, on the east side of the Volcán de Orizaba, is +approximately 56 miles east of the Tlaxcalan part of Mount Malinche and +is situated where the Tropical Life-zone begins, whereas Mount Malinche +is in the Austral Life-zone on the Mexican Plateau; the difference in +habitat between the two places is great. Topotypes of _levipes_ differ +from two topotypes of _beatae_ in the same fashion as do other specimens +of _levipes_ (from San Luis Potosí) from other specimens of _beatae_ +(from Veracruz). Unfortunately, the topotypes of _beatae_ lack external +measurements and are subadults, but their coloration agrees with that of +other specimens that are here referred to _beatae_. + +Hall and Kelson (1959:634, map 364) incorrectly mapped the distribution +of _levipes_ in Veracruz. There are at least two places named Xuchil in +the state of Veracruz and Hall and Kelson (_loc. cit._) unfortunately +plotted the one at lat. 20° 42' N, long. 97° 42' W whereas the specimens +actually were collected at the Xuchil on the pleateau south of the +Volcán de Orizaba (18° 53' N, 97° 14' W) in the west-central part of +Veracruz. The specimens from Xuchil are _P. b. beatae_. + +Intergradation in color between the two subspecies _levipes_ and +_beatae_ is seen in specimens from Jalapa and Zacualpan (3 km. N, also +others from 3 km. W), Veracruz. Intergradation between these two +subspecies possibly will be found elsewhere along the Sierra Madre +Oriental. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 60 as follows: VERACRUZ: 1 km. E + Jalancingo, 6500 ft., 2; _2 km. S Jalancingo_, 2; 6 km. SSE + Altotonga, 8000 ft., 8; _1 km. W Las Vigas, 8500 ft._, 2; Las + Vigas, 8500 ft., 13; _2 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft._, 5; _3 km. E + Las Vigas, 8000 ft._, 8; _5 km. E Las Vigas_, 7 (TAM); _5 km. N + Jalapa, 4500 ft._, 2; _Jalapa_, 1 (USNM); 10 km. SE Perote, N + slope Cofre de Perote, 10,500 ft., 1 (TAM); Xometla Camp, Mt. + Orizaba, 8500 ft., 2 (BM); _Sta. Barbara, Mt. Orizaba, 12,000 + ft._, 1 (BM); Xuchil, 6 (CM). + + +#Peromyscus boylii ambiguus# new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 33092, United States + National Museum, from Monterrey, Nuevo León; obtained on + February 17, 1891, by Wm. Lloyd, original number 377. + + _Geographic distribution._--Eastern Coahuila, central Nuevo + León, and the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; tail averaging longer + than head and body (90-114%); dorsal coloration ochraceous, + slightly darker middorsally; cheeks and lateral line Capucine + Orange; skull small; supraorbital border rounded; anterior + palatine foramina short. + + _Comparisons._--_P. b. ambiguus_ differs from _P. b. levipes_ in + smaller size, longer tail relative to length of head and body, + smaller incisive foramina, brighter and paler color, and + relatively broader interorbital region. From _P. b. beatae_, _P. + b. ambiguus_ differs in being smaller in all parts measured and + paler. + +_Remarks._--Osgood (1909:155) reported as _P. b. levipes_ 37 specimens +from Monterrey and 18 from Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo León, but noted that +they were "aberrant." I have examined those same specimens and can +hardly decide to which species, _P. boylii_ or _P. pectoralis_, they +belong. Everything considered I, as did Osgood, opine that the specimens +are _P. boylii_. However, I do not rule out the possibility that in this +area there is an unnamed species, because I find an unusually wide range +of variation in such cranial characters as size of the bullae, width and +form of the pterygoid fossa, and shape of the braincase. Extremes of +these characters are not constantly associated except in one specimen +(33124 USNM), which is the smallest of all the adults examined. It has +small bullae, a short rostrum, widely spreading zygomatic arches +anteriorly, and a narrow pterygoid fossa, but does not differ externally +from the other specimens. Additional material from this area is needed +in order to make out the systematic position of these mice. + +Because of the wide range of variation in some of its characters, _P. b. +ambiguus_ is difficult to diagnose. Nevertheless, its small external and +cranial size, short anterior palatine foramina, and bright color seem to +separate it from other subspecies of _P. boylii_ in the eastern part of +the range of the species. These differences are most conspicuous when +specimens from the northernmost part of the range of _levipes_ are +compared with specimens of _ambiguus_. + +The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble +_levipes_ in color, but are referred to _ambiguus_ on the basis of small +size, as also are the two specimens from 12 km. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, Coahuila. + +TABLE 1. MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETERS) OF PEROMYSCUS + +A: Number of specimens +B: Total length +C: Length of tail-vertebrae +D: Length of hind foot +E: Per cent length of tail to head and body +F: Greatest length of skull +G: Zygomatic breadth +H: Interorbital constriction +I: Length of nasals +J: Palatine slits +K: Maxillary tooth-row + +=======+======+======+=====+======+=====+=====+====+=====+====+==== + A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. aztecus_ + Mirador, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 7 mean| 229 | 113 | 24.5| ... | 30.1| 15.3| 4.7| 12.5| 6.4| 4.8 + max.| 238 | 121 | 26 | ... | 30.9| 15.8| 5.0| 13.5| 6.8| 5.0 + min.| 215 | 107 | 24 | ... | 29.2| 14.9| 4.6| 11.2| 5.7| 4.7 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii beatae_ + Las Vigas to 3 km. E thereof, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +14 mean| 219.3| 116.7| 23.8| 113.7| 28.9| 14.4| 4.5| 11.5| 6.3| 4.5 + max.| 235 | 130 | 25 | 128.9| 29.8| 15.1| 4.7| 12.5| 6.8| 4.8 + min.| 204 | 107 | 22 | 100.0| 27.9| 13.8| 4.2| 10.7| 5.9| 4.4 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 6 km. SSE Altotonga, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 5 mean| 224.4| 116.1| 24.1| 109.4| 29.1| 14.5| 4.5| 11.6| 6.4| 4.5 + max.| 241 | 126 | 25 | 114.8| 30.1| 15.2| 4.6| 12.0| 6.7| 4.7 + min.| 221 | 110 | 24 | 100.0| 28.6| 14.0| 4.4| 11.2| 6.0| 4.3 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii levipes_ + 3 km. SW San Isidro, San Luis Potosí +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +11 mean| 205.6| 99.5| 22.4| 93.8| 28.5| 14.2| 4.4| 11.3| 5.9| 4.4 + max.| 219 | 114 | 23 | 108.6| 30.5| 14.5| 4.6| 12.2| 6.4| 4.6 + min.| 193 | 90 | 21 | 87.4| 27.2| 13.8| 4.2| 10.8| 5.6| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 6 km. NE Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 9 mean| 198.7| 96 | 22 | 93.4| 28.1| 14.0| 4.4| 11.2| 6.0| 4.5 + max.| 205 | 105 | 22 | 105.0| 28.7| 14.2| 4.6| 11.7| 6.4| 4.6 + min.| 187 | 90 | 22 | 85.7| 27.3| 13.4| 4.3| 10.6| 5.7| 4.3 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, Tamaulipas +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 5 mean| 201.8| 101.8| 22.6| 101.8| 28.5| 14.0| 4.4| 11.3| 6.1| 4.3 + max.| 214 | 110 | 23 | 109.3| 29.0| 14.1| 4.6| 11.5| 6.2| 4.7 + min.| 193 | 94 | 22 | 94.9| 28.2| 13.9| 4.2| 11.0| 6.0| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii ambiguus_ + La Vegonia, Tamaulipas +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 7 mean| 199.1| 101.6| 21.3| 104.3| 26.9| 13.4| 4.3| 10.5| 5.6| 4.3 + max.| 213 | 109 | 22.4| 108.9| 28.6| 13.7| 4.5| 11.8| 5.9| 4.7 + min.| 188 | 97 | 20 | 98.0| 26.4| 13.2| 4.2| 9.5| 5.3| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + Monterrey, Nuevo León +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +16 mean| 199.7| 103.2| 21.3| 106.9| 27.6| 13.9| 4.4| 10.7| 5.6| 4.2 + max.| 216 | 114 | 22 | 125.6| 28.2| 14.9| 4.6| 11.5| 5.8| 4.5 + min.| 176 | 92 | 19 | 88.0| 26.8| 13.2| 4.1| 10.2| 5.0| 4.0 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + + _Specimens examined._--Total 64 as follows: NUEVO LEON (USNM): + Monterrey, 37; _Cerro de la Silla_, 18. COAHUILA: 12 km. E San + Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., 2. TAMAULIPAS: La Vegonia, + Sierra San Carlos, 7 (UMMZ). + + +I am grateful to the following persons for the loan of specimens: G. B. +Corbet, British Museum, Natural History (BM); David H. Johnson, United +States National Museum (USNM); George H. Lowery, Jr., Louisiana State +University (LSU); Philip Hershkovitz, Chicago Natural History Museum +(CM); William B. Davis, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (TAM); +W. H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology +(UMMZ). Specimens lacking designation as to collection are housed in the +Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. I am indebted to +Professor E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. for the use of +these specimens and for other assistance. It is appropriate to record +also that the findings reported above are an outgrowth of related work +done as a Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +DALQUEST, W. W. + + 1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Louisiana + State Univ. Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:1-233, December 28. + +HALL, E. R., and KELSON, K. R. + + 1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press, New York, + vol. 2:ix + 547-1083 + 79, illustrated, March 31. + +OSGOOD, W. H. + + 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. + Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., April 17. + +RIDGWAY, R. + + 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., + iv + 43 pp., 53 pls. + +SAUSSURE, M. H. de + + 1860. Note sur quelques mammifères du Mexique. Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:97-110, March. + +THOMAS, O. + + 1903. _On three new forms of _Peromyscus_ obtained by Dr. Hans + Gadow, F. R. S., and Mrs. Gadow in Mexico._ Ann. Mag. Nat. + Hist., ser. 7, 11:484-487, May. + + +_Transmitted June 30, 1961._ + + +29-393 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + +***** This file should be named 33509-8.txt or 33509-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/5/0/33509/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: August 23, 2010 [EBook #33509] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History</span></h4> + + +<h4>Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.<br /> +December 29, 1961</h4> + + + + +<h1>Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The<br /> +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,<br /> +With Description of a New Subspecies</h1> + +<h3>BY<br /> +TICUL ALVAREZ</h3> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas<br /> +Lawrence</span><br /> +1961</h4> + + +<hr /> +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, +Museum of Natural History</span></h4> + +<h4>Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,<br /> +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.</h4> + +<h4>Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig.<br /> +Published December 29, 1961</h4> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</h4> + + +<h5>PRINTED BY<br /> +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1961</h5> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/ukp-logo.png" width="100" height="35" alt="Allied Printing Trades Council Topeka" title="" /> +</div> + +<h5>29-393</h5> + + +<hr /> +<div><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></div> +<h2>Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The<br /> +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico,<br /> +With Description of a New Subspecies</h2> + +<h4>BY<br /> +TICUL ALVAREZ</h4> + + +<p>Saussure (1860) described <i>Peromyscus aztecus</i> from southern México. +Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure's specimens with some +from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that <i>aztecus</i> was a subspecies of <i>P. +boylii</i>. Dalquest (1953) incorrectly reported specimens of <i>P. boylii</i> +from San Luis Potosí as <i>P. b. aztecus</i>. Merriam (1898) named +<i>Peromyscus levipes</i> from Mt. Malinche, Tlaxcala. Thomas (1903) +described from Orizaba, Veracruz, <i>P. beatae</i>, which Osgood (1909) +mistakenly thought was indistinguishable from <i>P. boylii levipes</i>. +Therefore, Osgood in 1909 in his revision of the genus <i>Peromyscus</i> +reported only two subspecies of <i>P. boylii</i> from eastern México: <i>P. b. +levipes</i>, and <i>P. b. aztecus</i>. Study of Osgood's and Thomas' material, +along with recently collected specimens from the states of eastern +México, leads me to conclude that <i>P. aztecus</i> and <i>P. boylii</i> are +different species; that <i>P. beatae</i> is a valid subspecies different from +<i>P. b. levipes</i>; and finally that specimens of <i>P. boylii</i> from Nuevo +León and northwestern Tamaulipas pertain to an hitherto unnamed +subspecies.</p> + + +<div class="sectionheading"><b>Peromyscus aztecus</b> Saussure</div> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1860. <i>H[esperomys]. aztecus</i> Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. +2, 12:105, type from southern México, probably from the vicinity of +Mirador, Veracruz, according to Osgood (N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156-157, +April 17, 1909).</p> + +<p>1909. <i>Peromyscus boylei aztecus</i>, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156, April +17.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Geographic distribution.</i>—Known only from Mirador and Jalapa in +Veracruz, and Huachinango in Puebla.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium for the genus (see measurements); tail about +as long as head and body; dorsal coloration near Sayal Brown +(capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912); sides reddish; underparts +Light Buff; tail bicolored but not distinctly so; supraorbital border of +skull angular, and bullae pointed anteriorly; anterior half of braincase +nearly straight (not rounded) as viewed from above; upper molar series +long (4.7-5.0); incisive foramina short in relation to length of skull.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>Peromyscus boylii</i>, <i>P. aztecus</i> differs as +follows: Larger in most parts measured; maxillary tooth-row 4.7-5.0 +instead of 4.0-4.6; color <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span>brighter on sides (reddish instead of +ochraceous); supraorbital border angular instead of rounded; anterior +border of zygomatic plate convex in upper half and almost straight in +lower half as opposed to nearly straight throughout in <i>boylii</i>; +pterygoid fossa broader; bullae more pointed anteriorly and less +inflated; mesostyles of upper molars larger; surface between orbital +region and nasals convex in lateral view instead of flat.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—When Saussure (1860:105) described <i>P. aztecus</i> he did not +designate a type or type locality. Osgood (1909:157) designated as +lectotype the mounted specimen, in the Geneva Museum, which has the +skull inside and of which Saussure figured the molar teeth. Osgood +(<i>loc. cit.</i>) examined one of the three specimens (No. 3926 USNM) that +Saussure used in describing <i>P. aztecus</i> and found that it agreed "in +every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, +which, in the lack of exact knowledge, may be assumed to be the type +locality, as it is certain that some at least of Saussure's specimens +were taken near there."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<a href="images/figure1_800.png"> +<img src="images/figure1_400.png" width="400" height="710" alt="" title="" /> +</a> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Two species of Peromyscus.<br /> +1. P. boylii ambiguus<br /> +2. P. boylii beatae<br /> +3. P. boylii levipes<br /> +4. P. aztecus (triangles)</span> +</div> + +<p>Osgood regarded <i>P. aztecus</i> as a subspecies of <i>P. boylii</i> because of +the resemblance between <i>aztecus</i> and <i>P. b. evides</i>, but <i>evides</i> is +far removed geographically (occurring only in western México) from +<i>aztecus</i>, and is smaller. <i>P. aztecus</i> is larger than any known +subspecies of <i>P. boylii</i>, and is not known to intergrade with <i>P. b. +levipes</i> or <i>P. b. beatae</i> (with which <i>aztecus</i> occurs sympatrically at +Jalapa, Veracruz), the two subspecies of <i>boylii</i> that are found nearest +the geographic range of <i>P. aztecus</i>. Also, as mentioned previously, +<i>aztecus</i> possesses distinctive characters that distinguish it from all +subspecies of <i>boylii</i>. For these reasons I regard <i>aztecus</i> as a +distinct species.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span></p><p>According to Hall and Kelson (1959:634), <i>P. aztecus</i> occurs in San Luis +Potosí, Hidalgo, and west-central Veracruz, but their map 364 is based +on the records of Osgood (1909:158) and Dalquest (1953:143). I have +examined all the specimens reported by the two authors last named and +find that those from San Luis Potosí are <i>P. boylii levipes</i>.</p> + +<p>The diagnosis and comparisons here presented of <i>aztecus</i> were based on +specimens from Mirador in comparison with all the specimens of <i>P. +boylii</i> from eastern México listed beyond. The largest specimens of <i>P. +boylii</i> that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and +localities within a radius of five kilometers thereof. Some measurements +of these large specimens of <i>P. boylii</i> overlap those of <i>P. aztecus</i> +but the two kinds of mice differ greatly in characters of the skull, in +color, and in length of tail.</p> + +<p>The specimens (three adults and three juveniles) from Huachinango, +Puebla, are slightly darker than specimens from Mirador but do not +differ otherwise. Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by +Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador +in color and cranial characteristics and is <i>P. aztecus</i>, whereas the +other (108548 USNM) is <i>P. b. beatae</i>.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 16 (all USNM) as follows: <span class="smcap">Puebla</span>: +Huachinango, 6. <span class="smcap">Veracruz</span>: Mirador, 9; Jalapa, 1.</p></div> + + +<div class="sectionheading"><b>Peromyscus boylii levipes</b> Merriam</div> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1898. <i>Peromyscus levipes</i> Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:123, +April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 ft., Tlaxcala.</p> + +<p>1909. <i>Peromyscus boylei levipes</i>, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:153, April +17.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Geographic distribution.</i>—Southeastern Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis +Potosí, south through the central states of México to Guatemala.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium for the species; tail shorter or longer than +head and body (83-112.3%); color variable according to locality but in +general ochraceous, having some dusky on upper parts; supraorbital +border not angular, almost rounded; auditory bullae large.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—For comparisons see accounts of the subspecies discussed +beyond and Osgood (1909:145).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—A precise diagnosis for <i>P. b. levipes</i> is difficult to +prepare because some geographic variation in color and in the cranial +characters is present within the range of the subspecies as here +understood. For instance there is a gradual cline of decreasing size to +the northward in nearly all measurements, but the ratio of length of +tail to length of head and body does not present such a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>cline; mice from +several localities in San Luis Potosí have a relatively shorter tail +than do mice from farther north and from farther south. Also, specimens +labeled in reference to Zacualpilla, Jacales, Jacala, Tulancingo, and +San Miguel Regla average slightly darker dorsally than do typotypes. +Some of these specimens are reddish on the cheek and lateral line. +Specimens from San Luis Potosí resemble topotypes, but some specimens +from northeastern localities in that state have cinnamon or brownish +upper parts and are intermediate in coloration between populations of +<i>levipes</i> to the south and populations of the same subspecies to the +north from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de Tamaulipas. +Specimens from these two sierras have a cinnamon-reddish color that is +more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas.</p> + +<p>Osgood (1909:153) recorded <i>P. b. levipes</i> as occurring from central +Nuevo León south through San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to +southern Oaxaca. Actually specimens from Nuevo León and from most parts +of Veracruz differ subspecifically from <i>levipes</i> and also from each +other. In Veracruz, <i>P. b. levipes</i> is known only from the northwestern +part.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 179 as follows: <span class="smcap">Tamaulipas</span>: Sierra Madre +Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; <i>8 mi. S, 6 mi. W +Victoria, 4000 ft.</i>, 37; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2000 ft., 8 mi. S, 11 mi. +W Piedra, 13. <span class="smcap">San Luis Potosi</span>: Villar, 11 (USNM); 10 km. E Platanito, 19 +(LSU); <i>8 mi. E (by road) Santa Barbarita</i>, 12 (LSU); <i>Agua Zarca</i>, 3 +(LSU); 6 km. NE Cd. Maíz, 13 (LSU); <i>Pendencia Region (Puerto Lobos)</i>, 1 +(LSU); <i>Pendencia, 2-1/2 mi. N Puerto Lobos</i>, 5 (LSU); 3 km. SW Sán +Isidro, 15 (LSU); Cerro Coneja Region, Llano Coneja, 6100 ft., 2 (LSU); +Xilitla, 4 (LSU). <span class="smcap">Hidalgo</span>: 10 mi. NE Jacala, 5050 ft., 7; Regla (Sán +Miguel), 2250 m., 4; Arroyo de las Tinajas, 2370 m., 9.5 km. SSW +Tulancingo, 1; 10 mi. NW Apam, 7750 ft., 1. <span class="smcap">Veracruz</span>: 3 km. N Zacualpan, +6000 ft., 1; <i>3 km. W Zacualpan, 6000 ft.</i>, 12; <i>2 km. N Los Jacales, +7500 ft.</i>, 8; <i>6 km. WSW Zacualpilla, 6500 ft.</i>, 5. <span class="smcap">Tlaxcala</span>: Mt. +Malinche, 3 (USNM).</p></div> + + +<div class="sectionheading"><b>Peromyscus boylii beatae</b> Thomas</div> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1903. <i>Peromyscus beatae</i> Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:485, +May, type from Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Geographic distribution.</i>—East side of the Sierra Madre Oriental in +Veracruz, from Jalancingo south to Xuchil.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size large for the species; tail no shorter than head and +body (100-114.8%); dorsum dark (near Prout's Brown or Mummy Brown +middorsally, Clay Color on sides); supraorbital border rounded; anterior +palatine foramina long.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—<i>P. b. beatae</i> differs from other subspecies of <i>P. +boylii</i> by the combination of large size, long tail, and dark color.</p> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p> +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Thomas (1903:485) described <i>P. beatae</i> on the basis of five +specimens from Xometla Camp (lat. 18° 59' N, long. 97° 10' W) and one +juvenile from Santa Barbara Camp, both on the Volcán de Orizaba, +Veracruz. Thomas thought that <i>beatae</i> was related to <i>aztecus</i>, but the +differences relied on by him to distinguish the two are the same as +those that distinguish <i>aztecus</i> from <i>boylii</i>. Osgood (1909:153) placed +<i>beatae</i> in synonymy under <i>P. b. levipes</i> because Mount Orizaba (type +locality of <i>beatae</i>) is "relatively very near" Mount Malinche (type +locality of <i>levipes</i>), and Thomas had not compared <i>beatae</i> with +<i>levipes</i>. Xometla, on the east side of the Volcán de Orizaba, is +approximately 56 miles east of the Tlaxcalan part of Mount Malinche and +is situated where the Tropical Life-zone begins, whereas Mount Malinche +is in the Austral Life-zone on the Mexican Plateau; the difference in +habitat between the two places is great. Topotypes of <i>levipes</i> differ +from two topotypes of <i>beatae</i> in the same fashion as do other specimens +of <i>levipes</i> (from San Luis Potosí) from other specimens of <i>beatae</i> +(from Veracruz). Unfortunately, the topotypes of <i>beatae</i> lack external +measurements and are subadults, but their coloration agrees with that of +other specimens that are here referred to <i>beatae</i>.</p> + +<p>Hall and Kelson (1959:634, map 364) incorrectly mapped the distribution +of <i>levipes</i> in Veracruz. There are at least two places named Xuchil in +the state of Veracruz and Hall and Kelson (<i>loc. cit.</i>) unfortunately +plotted the one at lat. 20° 42' N, long. 97° 42' W whereas the specimens +actually were collected at the Xuchil on the pleateau south of the +Volcán de Orizaba (18° 53' N, 97° 14' W) in the west-central part of +Veracruz. The specimens from Xuchil are <i>P. b. beatae</i>.</p> + +<p>Intergradation in color between the two subspecies <i>levipes</i> and +<i>beatae</i> is seen in specimens from Jalapa and Zacualpan (3 km. N, also +others from 3 km. W), Veracruz. Intergradation between these two +subspecies possibly will be found elsewhere along the Sierra Madre +Oriental.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 60 as follows: <span class="smcap">Veracruz</span>: 1 km. E +Jalancingo, 6500 ft., 2; <i>2 km. S Jalancingo</i>, 2; 6 km. SSE Altotonga, +8000 ft., 8; <i>1 km. W Las Vigas, 8500 ft.</i>, 2; Las Vigas, 8500 ft., 13; +<i>2 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft.</i>, 5; <i>3 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft.</i>, 8; <i>5 +km. E Las Vigas</i>, 7 (TAM); <i>5 km. N Jalapa, 4500 ft.</i>, 2; <i>Jalapa</i>, 1 +(USNM); 10 km. SE Perote, N slope Cofre de Perote, 10,500 ft., 1 (TAM); +Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, 8500 ft., 2 (BM); <i>Sta. Barbara, Mt. Orizaba, +12,000 ft.</i>, 1 (BM); Xuchil, 6 (CM).</p></div> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span></p> +<div class="sectionheading"><b>Peromyscus boylii ambiguus</b> new subspecies</div> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p><i>Type.</i>—Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 33092, United States National +Museum, from Monterrey, Nuevo León; obtained on February 17, 1891, by +Wm. Lloyd, original number 377.</p> + +<p><i>Geographic distribution.</i>—Eastern Coahuila, central Nuevo León, and +the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size small for the species; tail averaging longer than +head and body (90-114%); dorsal coloration ochraceous, slightly darker +middorsally;</p> + +<p>cheeks and lateral line Capucine Orange; skull small; supraorbital +border rounded; anterior palatine foramina short.</p> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—<i>P. b. ambiguus</i> differs from <i>P. b. levipes</i> in smaller +size, longer tail relative to length of head and body, smaller incisive +foramina, brighter and paler color, and relatively broader interorbital +region. From <i>P. b. beatae</i>, <i>P. b. ambiguus</i> differs in being smaller +in all parts measured and paler.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Osgood (1909:155) reported as <i>P. b. levipes</i> 37 specimens +from Monterrey and 18 from Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo León, but noted that +they were "aberrant." I have examined those same specimens and can +hardly decide to which species, <i>P. boylii</i> or <i>P. pectoralis</i>, they +belong. Everything considered I, as did Osgood, opine that the specimens +are <i>P. boylii</i>. However, I do not rule out the possibility that in this +area there is an unnamed species, because I find an unusually wide range +of variation in such cranial characters as size of the bullae, width and +form of the pterygoid fossa, and shape of the braincase. Extremes of +these characters are not constantly associated except in one specimen +(33124 USNM), which is the smallest of all the adults examined. It has +small bullae, a short rostrum, widely spreading zygomatic arches +anteriorly, and a narrow pterygoid fossa, but does not differ externally +from the other specimens. Additional material from this area is needed +in order to make out the systematic position of these mice.</p> + +<p>Because of the wide range of variation in some of its characters, <i>P. b. +ambiguus</i> is difficult to diagnose. Nevertheless, its small external and +cranial size, short anterior palatine foramina, and bright color seem to +separate it from other subspecies of <i>P. boylii</i> in the eastern part of +the range of the species. These differences are most conspicuous when +specimens from the northernmost part of the range of <i>levipes</i> are +compared with specimens of <i>ambiguus</i>.</p> + +<p>The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble +<i>levipes</i> in color, but are referred to <i>ambiguus</i> on the basis of small +size, as also are the two specimens from 12 km. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, Coahuila.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span></p> + +<div class="caption"><span class="smcap">Table 1. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Peromyscus</span></div> + +<table summary="Table 1. Measurements (in Millimeters) of Peromyscus"> + <tr> + <th class="toptr first">Number of specimens</th> + <th class="toptr next">Total length</th> + <th class="toptr next">Length of tail-vertebrae</th> + <th class="toptr next">Length of hind foot</th> + <th class="toptr next">Per cent length of tail to head and body</th> + <th class="toptr next">Greatest length of skull</th> + <th class="toptr next">Zygomatic breadth</th> + <th class="toptr next">Interorbital constriction</th> + <th class="toptr next">Length of nasals</th> + <th class="toptr next">Palatine slits</th> + <th class="topt next">Maxillary tooth-row</th> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid"><i>P. aztecus</i><br />Mirador, Veracruz</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">7 mean</td> + <td class="tr">229</td> <td class="tr">113</td> + <td class="tr">24.5</td> <td class="tr">...</td> + <td class="tr">30.1</td> <td class="tr">15.3</td> + <td class="tr">4.7</td> <td class="tr">12.5</td> + <td class="tr">6.4</td> <td class="t">4.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">238</td> <td class="tr">121</td> + <td class="tr">26<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">...</td> + <td class="tr">30.9</td> <td class="tr">15.8</td> + <td class="tr">5.0</td> <td class="tr">13.5</td> + <td class="tr">6.8</td> <td class="t">5.0</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">215</td> <td class="tr">107</td> + <td class="tr">24<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">...</td> + <td class="tr">29.2</td> <td class="tr">14.9</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">11.2</td> + <td class="tr">5.7</td> <td class="t">4.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid"><i>P. boylii beatae</i><br />Las Vigas to 3 km. E thereof, Veracruz</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">14 mean</td> + <td class="tr">219.3</td> <td class="tr">116.7</td> + <td class="tr">23.8</td> <td class="tr">113.7</td> + <td class="tr">28.9</td> <td class="tr">14.4</td> + <td class="tr">4.5</td> <td class="tr">11.5</td> + <td class="tr">6.3</td> <td class="t">4.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">235<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">130<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">25<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">128.9</td> + <td class="tr">29.8</td> <td class="tr">15.1</td> + <td class="tr">4.7</td> <td class="tr">12.5</td> + <td class="tr">6.8</td> <td class="t">4.8</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">204<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">107<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">22<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">100.0</td> + <td class="tr">27.9</td> <td class="tr">13.8</td> + <td class="tr">4.2</td> <td class="tr">10.7</td> + <td class="tr">5.9</td> <td class="t">4.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid">6 km. SSE Altotonga, Veracruz</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">5 mean</td> + <td class="tr">224.4</td> <td class="tr">116.1</td> + <td class="tr">24.1</td> <td class="tr">109.4</td> + <td class="tr">29.1</td> <td class="tr">14.5</td> + <td class="tr">4.5</td> <td class="tr">11.6</td> + <td class="tr">6.4</td> <td class="t">4.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">241<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">126<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">25<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">114.8</td> + <td class="tr">30.1</td> <td class="tr">15.2</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">12.0</td> + <td class="tr">6.7</td> <td class="t">4.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">221<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">110<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">24<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">100.0</td> + <td class="tr">28.6</td> <td class="tr">14.0</td> + <td class="tr">4.4</td> <td class="tr">11.2</td> + <td class="tr">6.0</td> <td class="t">4.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid"><i>P. boylii levipes</i><br />3 km. SW San Isidro, San Luis Potosí</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">11 mean</td> + <td class="tr">205.6</td> <td class="tr"> 99.5</td> + <td class="tr">22.4</td> <td class="tr"> 93.8</td> + <td class="tr">28.5</td> <td class="tr">14.2</td> + <td class="tr">4.4</td> <td class="tr">11.3</td> + <td class="tr">5.9</td> <td class="t">4.4</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">219<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">114<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">23<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">108.6</td> + <td class="tr">30.5</td> <td class="tr">14.5</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">12.2</td> + <td class="tr">6.4</td> <td class="t">4.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">193<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">90<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">21<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">87.4</td> + <td class="tr">27.2</td> <td class="tr">13.8</td> + <td class="tr">4.2</td> <td class="tr">10.8</td> + <td class="tr">5.6</td> <td class="t">4.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid">6 km. NE Cd. del Maíz, San Luis Potosí</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">9 mean</td> + <td class="tr">198.7</td> <td class="tr">96</td> + <td class="tr">22</td> <td class="tr">93.4</td> + <td class="tr">28.1</td> <td class="tr">14.0</td> + <td class="tr">4.4</td> <td class="tr">11.2</td> + <td class="tr">6.0</td> <td class="t">4.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">205<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">105</td> + <td class="tr">22</td> <td class="tr">105.0</td> + <td class="tr">28.7</td> <td class="tr">14.2</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">11.7</td> + <td class="tr">6.4</td> <td class="t">4.6</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">187<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">90</td> + <td class="tr">22</td> <td class="tr">85.7</td> + <td class="tr">27.3</td> <td class="tr">13.4</td> + <td class="tr">4.3</td> <td class="tr">10.6</td> + <td class="tr">5.7</td> <td class="t">4.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid">11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, Tamaulipas</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">5 mean</td> + <td class="tr">201.8</td> <td class="tr">101.8</td> + <td class="tr">22.6</td> <td class="tr">101.8</td> + <td class="tr">28.5</td> <td class="tr">14.0</td> + <td class="tr">4.4</td> <td class="tr">11.3</td> + <td class="tr">6.1</td> <td class="t">4.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">214<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">110<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">23<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">109.3</td> + <td class="tr">29.0</td> <td class="tr">14.1</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">11.5</td> + <td class="tr">6.2</td> <td class="t">4.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">193<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">94<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">22<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">94.9</td> + <td class="tr">28.2</td> <td class="tr">13.9</td> + <td class="tr">4.2</td> <td class="tr">11.0</td> + <td class="tr">6.0</td> <td class="t">4.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid"><i>P. boylii ambiguus</i><br />La Vegonia, Tamaulipas</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">7 mean</td> + <td class="tr">199.1</td> <td class="tr">101.6</td> + <td class="tr">21.3</td> <td class="tr">104.3</td> + <td class="tr">26.9</td> <td class="tr">13.4</td> + <td class="tr">4.3</td> <td class="tr">10.5</td> + <td class="tr">5.6</td> <td class="t">4.3</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">213<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">109<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">22.4</td> <td class="tr">108.9</td> + <td class="tr">28.6</td> <td class="tr">13.7</td> + <td class="tr">4.5</td> <td class="tr">11.8</td> + <td class="tr">5.9</td> <td class="t">4.7</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">min.</td> + <td class="tr">188<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">97<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">20<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">98.0</td> + <td class="tr">26.4</td> <td class="tr">13.2</td> + <td class="tr">4.2</td> <td class="tr">9.5</td> + <td class="tr">5.3</td> <td class="t">4.1</td> + </tr><tr> + <td colspan="11" class="mid">Monterrey, Nuevo León</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">16 mean</td> + <td class="tr">199.7</td> <td class="tr">103.2</td> + <td class="tr">21.3</td> <td class="tr">106.9</td> + <td class="tr">27.6</td> <td class="tr">13.9</td> + <td class="tr">4.4</td> <td class="tr">10.7</td> + <td class="tr">5.6</td> <td class="t">4.2</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="tr">max.</td> + <td class="tr">216<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">114<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="tr">22<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="tr">125.6</td> + <td class="tr">28.2</td> <td class="tr">14.9</td> + <td class="tr">4.6</td> <td class="tr">11.5</td> + <td class="tr">5.8</td> <td class="t">4.5</td> + </tr><tr> + <td class="botrb">min.</td> + <td class="botrb">176<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="botrb">92<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> + <td class="botrb">19<span class="decimal">.0</span></td> <td class="botrb">88.0</td> + <td class="botrb">26.8</td> <td class="botrb">13.2</td> + <td class="botrb">4.1</td> <td class="botrb">10.2</td> + <td class="botrb">5.0</td> <td class="botb">4.0</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p> +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total 64 as follows: <span class="smcap">Nuevo Leon</span> (USNM): +Monterrey, 37; <i>Cerro de la Silla</i>, 18. <span class="smcap">Coahuila</span>: 12 km. E San Antonio +de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., 2. <span class="smcap">Tamaulipas</span>: La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos, +7 (UMMZ).</p></div> + + +<p>I am grateful to the following persons for the loan of specimens: G. B. +Corbet, British Museum, Natural History (BM); David H. Johnson, United +States National Museum (USNM); George H. Lowery, Jr., Louisiana State +University (LSU); Philip Hershkovitz, Chicago Natural History Museum +(CM); William B. Davis, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (TAM); +W. H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology +(UMMZ). Specimens lacking designation as to collection are housed in the +Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. I am indebted to +Professor E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. for the use of +these specimens and for other assistance. It is appropriate to record +also that the findings reported above are an outgrowth of related work +done as a Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation.</p> + + + +<hr /> +<div class="sectionheading">LITERATURE CITED</div> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Dalquest, W. W.</span></p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Louisiana State +Univ. Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:1-233, December 28.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Kelson, K. R.</span></p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press, New York, +vol. 2:ix + 547-1083 + 79, illustrated, March 31.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Osgood, W. H.</span></p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. +Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., April 17.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Ridgway, R.</span></p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., +iv + 43 pp., 53 pls.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Saussure, M. H.</span> de</p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1860. Note sur quelques mammifères du Mexique. Revue et Mag. Zool., +Paris, ser. 2, 12:97-110, March.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Thomas, O.</span></p> + +<div class="hangingindent"><p>1903. <i>On three new forms of</i> Peromyscus <i>obtained by Dr. Hans Gadow, +F. R. S., and Mrs. Gadow in Mexico.</i> Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. +7, 11:484-487, May.</p></div> + + +<p><i>Transmitted June 30, 1961.</i></p> + + +<p class="center">◻<br /> +29-393</p> + + +<div class="tnote"><h3>Transcriber's Note</h3> +<p>The following typographical errors are noted, +but not corrected in the text:</p> +<div class="blockquot">page 116: "typotypes" should be "topotypes"<br /> +page 116: "Potosi" should be "Potosí"<br /> +page 116: "Sán Miguel" should be "San Miguel"<br /> +page 116: "Sán Isidro" should be "San Isidro"<br /> +page 117: "pleateau" should be "plateau"<br /> +page 120: "Nuevo Leon" should be "Nuevo León"</div> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + +***** This file should be named 33509-h.htm or 33509-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/5/0/33509/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies + +Author: Ticul Alvarez + +Release Date: August 23, 2010 [EBook #33509] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: The following typographical errors are noted, +but not corrected in the text: + page 116: "typotypes" should be "topotypes" + page 116: "Potosi" should be "Potosi" + page 116: "San Miguel" should be "San Miguel" + page 116: "San Isidro" should be "San Isidro" + page 117: "pleateau" should be "plateau" + page 120: "Nuevo Leon" should be "Nuevo Leon"] + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. + +December 29, 1961 + + + + +Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, +With Description of a New Subspecies + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1961 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + +Volume 14, No. 7, pp. 111-120, 1 fig. +Published December 29, 1961 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1961 + +[Illustration] + +29-393 + + + + +Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern +Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies + +BY + +TICUL ALVAREZ + + +Saussure (1860) described _Peromyscus aztecus_ from southern Mexico. +Osgood (1909) by comparison of one of Saussure's specimens with some +from Mirador, Veracruz, concluded that _aztecus_ was a subspecies of _P. +boylii_. Dalquest (1953) incorrectly reported specimens of _P. boylii_ +from San Luis Potosi as _P. b. aztecus_. Merriam (1898) named +_Peromyscus levipes_ from Mt. Malinche, Tlaxcala. Thomas (1903) +described from Orizaba, Veracruz, _P. beatae_, which Osgood (1909) +mistakenly thought was indistinguishable from _P. boylii levipes_. +Therefore, Osgood in 1909 in his revision of the genus _Peromyscus_ +reported only two subspecies of _P. boylii_ from eastern Mexico: _P. b. +levipes_, and _P. b. aztecus_. Study of Osgood's and Thomas' material, +along with recently collected specimens from the states of eastern +Mexico, leads me to conclude that _P. aztecus_ and _P. boylii_ are +different species; that _P. beatae_ is a valid subspecies different from +_P. b. levipes_; and finally that specimens of _P. boylii_ from Nuevo +Leon and northwestern Tamaulipas pertain to an hitherto unnamed +subspecies. + + +#Peromyscus aztecus# Saussure + + 1860. _H[esperomys]. aztecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., + Paris, ser. 2, 12:105, type from southern Mexico, probably + from the vicinity of Mirador, Veracruz, according to Osgood + (N. Amer. Fauna, 28:156-157, April 17, 1909). + + 1909. _Peromyscus boylei aztecus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:156, April 17. + + _Geographic distribution._--Known only from Mirador and Jalapa + in Veracruz, and Huachinango in Puebla. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium for the genus (see measurements); tail + about as long as head and body; dorsal coloration near Sayal + Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway, 1912); sides + reddish; underparts Light Buff; tail bicolored but not + distinctly so; supraorbital border of skull angular, and bullae + pointed anteriorly; anterior half of braincase nearly straight + (not rounded) as viewed from above; upper molar series long + (4.7-5.0); incisive foramina short in relation to length of + skull. + + _Comparisons._--From _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. aztecus_ differs + as follows: Larger in most parts measured; maxillary tooth-row + 4.7-5.0 instead of 4.0-4.6; color brighter on sides (reddish + instead of ochraceous); supraorbital border angular instead of + rounded; anterior border of zygomatic plate convex in upper half + and almost straight in lower half as opposed to nearly straight + throughout in _boylii_; pterygoid fossa broader; bullae more + pointed anteriorly and less inflated; mesostyles of upper molars + larger; surface between orbital region and nasals convex in + lateral view instead of flat. + +_Remarks._--When Saussure (1860:105) described _P. aztecus_ he did not +designate a type or type locality. Osgood (1909:157) designated as +lectotype the mounted specimen, in the Geneva Museum, which has the +skull inside and of which Saussure figured the molar teeth. Osgood +(_loc. cit._) examined one of the three specimens (No. 3926 USNM) that +Saussure used in describing _P. aztecus_ and found that it agreed "in +every respect with recently collected specimens from Mirador, Veracruz, +which, in the lack of exact knowledge, may be assumed to be the type +locality, as it is certain that some at least of Saussure's specimens +were taken near there." + +[Illustration: FIG. 1. Two species of _Peromyscus_. + 1. _P. boylii ambiguus_ + 2. _P. boylii beatae_ + 3. _P. boylii levipes_ + 4. _P. aztecus_ (triangles)] + +Osgood regarded _P. aztecus_ as a subspecies of _P. boylii_ because of +the resemblance between _aztecus_ and _P. b. evides_, but _evides_ is +far removed geographically (occurring only in western Mexico) from +_aztecus_, and is smaller. _P. aztecus_ is larger than any known +subspecies of _P. boylii_, and is not known to intergrade with _P. b. +levipes_ or _P. b. beatae_ (with which _aztecus_ occurs sympatrically at +Jalapa, Veracruz), the two subspecies of _boylii_ that are found nearest +the geographic range of _P. aztecus_. Also, as mentioned previously, +_aztecus_ possesses distinctive characters that distinguish it from all +subspecies of _boylii_. For these reasons I regard _aztecus_ as a +distinct species. + +According to Hall and Kelson (1959:634), _P. aztecus_ occurs in San Luis +Potosi, Hidalgo, and west-central Veracruz, but their map 364 is based +on the records of Osgood (1909:158) and Dalquest (1953:143). I have +examined all the specimens reported by the two authors last named and +find that those from San Luis Potosi are _P. boylii levipes_. + +The diagnosis and comparisons here presented of _aztecus_ were based on +specimens from Mirador in comparison with all the specimens of _P. +boylii_ from eastern Mexico listed beyond. The largest specimens of _P. +boylii_ that I have examined are from Las Vigas, Veracruz, and +localities within a radius of five kilometers thereof. Some measurements +of these large specimens of _P. boylii_ overlap those of _P. aztecus_ +but the two kinds of mice differ greatly in characters of the skull, in +color, and in length of tail. + +The specimens (three adults and three juveniles) from Huachinango, +Puebla, are slightly darker than specimens from Mirador but do not +differ otherwise. Of two specimens reported from Jalapa, Veracruz, by +Osgood (1909:158), one (108547 USNM) agrees with specimens from Mirador +in color and cranial characteristics and is _P. aztecus_, whereas the +other (108548 USNM) is _P. b. beatae_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 16 (all USNM) as follows: PUEBLA: + Huachinango, 6. VERACRUZ: Mirador, 9; Jalapa, 1. + + +#Peromyscus boylii levipes# Merriam + + 1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 + ft., Tlaxcala. + + 1909. _Peromyscus boylei levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, + 28:153, April 17. + + _Geographic distribution._--Southeastern Tamaulipas and eastern + San Luis Potosi, south through the central states of Mexico to + Guatemala. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium for the species; tail shorter or + longer than head and body (83-112.3%); color variable according + to locality but in general ochraceous, having some dusky on + upper parts; supraorbital border not angular, almost rounded; + auditory bullae large. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons see accounts of the subspecies + discussed beyond and Osgood (1909:145). + +_Remarks._--A precise diagnosis for _P. b. levipes_ is difficult to +prepare because some geographic variation in color and in the cranial +characters is present within the range of the subspecies as here +understood. For instance there is a gradual cline of decreasing size to +the northward in nearly all measurements, but the ratio of length of +tail to length of head and body does not present such a cline; mice +from several localities in San Luis Potosi have a relatively shorter +tail than do mice from farther north and from farther south. Also, +specimens labeled in reference to Zacualpilla, Jacales, Jacala, +Tulancingo, and San Miguel Regla average slightly darker dorsally than +do typotypes. Some of these specimens are reddish on the cheek and +lateral line. Specimens from San Luis Potosi resemble topotypes, but +some specimens from northeastern localities in that state have cinnamon +or brownish upper parts and are intermediate in coloration between +populations of _levipes_ to the south and populations of the same +subspecies to the north from the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Sierra de +Tamaulipas. Specimens from these two sierras have a cinnamon-reddish +color that is more intense in specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas. + +Osgood (1909:153) recorded _P. b. levipes_ as occurring from central +Nuevo Leon south through San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Veracruz to +southern Oaxaca. Actually specimens from Nuevo Leon and from most parts +of Veracruz differ subspecifically from _levipes_ and also from each +other. In Veracruz, _P. b. levipes_ is known only from the northwestern +part. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 179 as follows: TAMAULIPAS: Sierra + Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; _8 mi. + S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft._, 37; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2000 + ft., 8 mi. S, 11 mi. W Piedra, 13. SAN LUIS POTOSI: Villar, 11 + (USNM); 10 km. E Platanito, 19 (LSU); _8 mi. E (by road) Santa + Barbarita_, 12 (LSU); _Agua Zarca_, 3 (LSU); 6 km. NE Cd. Maiz, + 13 (LSU); _Pendencia Region (Puerto Lobos)_, 1 (LSU); + _Pendencia, 2-1/2 mi. N Puerto Lobos_, 5 (LSU); 3 km. SW San + Isidro, 15 (LSU); Cerro Coneja Region, Llano Coneja, 6100 ft., 2 + (LSU); Xilitla, 4 (LSU). HIDALGO: 10 mi. NE Jacala, 5050 ft., 7; + Regla (San Miguel), 2250 m., 4; Arroyo de las Tinajas, 2370 m., + 9.5 km. SSW Tulancingo, 1; 10 mi. NW Apam, 7750 ft., 1. + VERACRUZ: 3 km. N Zacualpan, 6000 ft., 1; _3 km. W Zacualpan, + 6000 ft._, 12; _2 km. N Los Jacales, 7500 ft._, 8; _6 km. WSW + Zacualpilla, 6500 ft._, 5. TLAXCALA: Mt. Malinche, 3 (USNM). + + +#Peromyscus boylii beatae# Thomas + + 1903. _Peromyscus beatae_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, + 11:485, May, type from Xometla Camp, Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz. + + _Geographic distribution._--East side of the Sierra Madre + Oriental in Veracruz, from Jalancingo south to Xuchil. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large for the species; tail no shorter than + head and body (100-114.8%); dorsum dark (near Prout's Brown or + Mummy Brown middorsally, Clay Color on sides); supraorbital + border rounded; anterior palatine foramina long. + + _Comparisons._--_P. b. beatae_ differs from other subspecies of + _P. boylii_ by the combination of large size, long tail, and + dark color. + +_Remarks._--Thomas (1903:485) described _P. beatae_ on the basis of five +specimens from Xometla Camp (lat. 18 deg. 59' N, long. 97 deg. 10' W) and one +juvenile from Santa Barbara Camp, both on the Volcan de Orizaba, +Veracruz. Thomas thought that _beatae_ was related to _aztecus_, but the +differences relied on by him to distinguish the two are the same as +those that distinguish _aztecus_ from _boylii_. Osgood (1909:153) placed +_beatae_ in synonymy under _P. b. levipes_ because Mount Orizaba (type +locality of _beatae_) is "relatively very near" Mount Malinche (type +locality of _levipes_), and Thomas had not compared _beatae_ with +_levipes_. Xometla, on the east side of the Volcan de Orizaba, is +approximately 56 miles east of the Tlaxcalan part of Mount Malinche and +is situated where the Tropical Life-zone begins, whereas Mount Malinche +is in the Austral Life-zone on the Mexican Plateau; the difference in +habitat between the two places is great. Topotypes of _levipes_ differ +from two topotypes of _beatae_ in the same fashion as do other specimens +of _levipes_ (from San Luis Potosi) from other specimens of _beatae_ +(from Veracruz). Unfortunately, the topotypes of _beatae_ lack external +measurements and are subadults, but their coloration agrees with that of +other specimens that are here referred to _beatae_. + +Hall and Kelson (1959:634, map 364) incorrectly mapped the distribution +of _levipes_ in Veracruz. There are at least two places named Xuchil in +the state of Veracruz and Hall and Kelson (_loc. cit._) unfortunately +plotted the one at lat. 20 deg. 42' N, long. 97 deg. 42' W whereas the specimens +actually were collected at the Xuchil on the pleateau south of the +Volcan de Orizaba (18 deg. 53' N, 97 deg. 14' W) in the west-central part of +Veracruz. The specimens from Xuchil are _P. b. beatae_. + +Intergradation in color between the two subspecies _levipes_ and +_beatae_ is seen in specimens from Jalapa and Zacualpan (3 km. N, also +others from 3 km. W), Veracruz. Intergradation between these two +subspecies possibly will be found elsewhere along the Sierra Madre +Oriental. + + _Specimens examined._--Total 60 as follows: VERACRUZ: 1 km. E + Jalancingo, 6500 ft., 2; _2 km. S Jalancingo_, 2; 6 km. SSE + Altotonga, 8000 ft., 8; _1 km. W Las Vigas, 8500 ft._, 2; Las + Vigas, 8500 ft., 13; _2 km. E Las Vigas, 8000 ft._, 5; _3 km. E + Las Vigas, 8000 ft._, 8; _5 km. E Las Vigas_, 7 (TAM); _5 km. N + Jalapa, 4500 ft._, 2; _Jalapa_, 1 (USNM); 10 km. SE Perote, N + slope Cofre de Perote, 10,500 ft., 1 (TAM); Xometla Camp, Mt. + Orizaba, 8500 ft., 2 (BM); _Sta. Barbara, Mt. Orizaba, 12,000 + ft._, 1 (BM); Xuchil, 6 (CM). + + +#Peromyscus boylii ambiguus# new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull, No. 33092, United States + National Museum, from Monterrey, Nuevo Leon; obtained on + February 17, 1891, by Wm. Lloyd, original number 377. + + _Geographic distribution._--Eastern Coahuila, central Nuevo + Leon, and the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small for the species; tail averaging longer + than head and body (90-114%); dorsal coloration ochraceous, + slightly darker middorsally; cheeks and lateral line Capucine + Orange; skull small; supraorbital border rounded; anterior + palatine foramina short. + + _Comparisons._--_P. b. ambiguus_ differs from _P. b. levipes_ in + smaller size, longer tail relative to length of head and body, + smaller incisive foramina, brighter and paler color, and + relatively broader interorbital region. From _P. b. beatae_, _P. + b. ambiguus_ differs in being smaller in all parts measured and + paler. + +_Remarks._--Osgood (1909:155) reported as _P. b. levipes_ 37 specimens +from Monterrey and 18 from Cerro de la Silla, Nuevo Leon, but noted that +they were "aberrant." I have examined those same specimens and can +hardly decide to which species, _P. boylii_ or _P. pectoralis_, they +belong. Everything considered I, as did Osgood, opine that the specimens +are _P. boylii_. However, I do not rule out the possibility that in this +area there is an unnamed species, because I find an unusually wide range +of variation in such cranial characters as size of the bullae, width and +form of the pterygoid fossa, and shape of the braincase. Extremes of +these characters are not constantly associated except in one specimen +(33124 USNM), which is the smallest of all the adults examined. It has +small bullae, a short rostrum, widely spreading zygomatic arches +anteriorly, and a narrow pterygoid fossa, but does not differ externally +from the other specimens. Additional material from this area is needed +in order to make out the systematic position of these mice. + +Because of the wide range of variation in some of its characters, _P. b. +ambiguus_ is difficult to diagnose. Nevertheless, its small external and +cranial size, short anterior palatine foramina, and bright color seem to +separate it from other subspecies of _P. boylii_ in the eastern part of +the range of the species. These differences are most conspicuous when +specimens from the northernmost part of the range of _levipes_ are +compared with specimens of _ambiguus_. + +The specimens from the Sierra San Carlos, Tamaulipas, closely resemble +_levipes_ in color, but are referred to _ambiguus_ on the basis of small +size, as also are the two specimens from 12 km. E San Antonio de las +Alazanas, Coahuila. + +TABLE 1. MEASUREMENTS (IN MILLIMETERS) OF PEROMYSCUS + +A: Number of specimens +B: Total length +C: Length of tail-vertebrae +D: Length of hind foot +E: Per cent length of tail to head and body +F: Greatest length of skull +G: Zygomatic breadth +H: Interorbital constriction +I: Length of nasals +J: Palatine slits +K: Maxillary tooth-row + +=======+======+======+=====+======+=====+=====+====+=====+====+==== + A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. aztecus_ + Mirador, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 7 mean| 229 | 113 | 24.5| ... | 30.1| 15.3| 4.7| 12.5| 6.4| 4.8 + max.| 238 | 121 | 26 | ... | 30.9| 15.8| 5.0| 13.5| 6.8| 5.0 + min.| 215 | 107 | 24 | ... | 29.2| 14.9| 4.6| 11.2| 5.7| 4.7 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii beatae_ + Las Vigas to 3 km. E thereof, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +14 mean| 219.3| 116.7| 23.8| 113.7| 28.9| 14.4| 4.5| 11.5| 6.3| 4.5 + max.| 235 | 130 | 25 | 128.9| 29.8| 15.1| 4.7| 12.5| 6.8| 4.8 + min.| 204 | 107 | 22 | 100.0| 27.9| 13.8| 4.2| 10.7| 5.9| 4.4 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 6 km. SSE Altotonga, Veracruz +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 5 mean| 224.4| 116.1| 24.1| 109.4| 29.1| 14.5| 4.5| 11.6| 6.4| 4.5 + max.| 241 | 126 | 25 | 114.8| 30.1| 15.2| 4.6| 12.0| 6.7| 4.7 + min.| 221 | 110 | 24 | 100.0| 28.6| 14.0| 4.4| 11.2| 6.0| 4.3 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii levipes_ + 3 km. SW San Isidro, San Luis Potosi +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +11 mean| 205.6| 99.5| 22.4| 93.8| 28.5| 14.2| 4.4| 11.3| 5.9| 4.4 + max.| 219 | 114 | 23 | 108.6| 30.5| 14.5| 4.6| 12.2| 6.4| 4.6 + min.| 193 | 90 | 21 | 87.4| 27.2| 13.8| 4.2| 10.8| 5.6| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 6 km. NE Cd. del Maiz, San Luis Potosi +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 9 mean| 198.7| 96 | 22 | 93.4| 28.1| 14.0| 4.4| 11.2| 6.0| 4.5 + max.| 205 | 105 | 22 | 105.0| 28.7| 14.2| 4.6| 11.7| 6.4| 4.6 + min.| 187 | 90 | 22 | 85.7| 27.3| 13.4| 4.3| 10.6| 5.7| 4.3 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, Tamaulipas +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 5 mean| 201.8| 101.8| 22.6| 101.8| 28.5| 14.0| 4.4| 11.3| 6.1| 4.3 + max.| 214 | 110 | 23 | 109.3| 29.0| 14.1| 4.6| 11.5| 6.2| 4.7 + min.| 193 | 94 | 22 | 94.9| 28.2| 13.9| 4.2| 11.0| 6.0| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + _P. boylii ambiguus_ + La Vegonia, Tamaulipas +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + 7 mean| 199.1| 101.6| 21.3| 104.3| 26.9| 13.4| 4.3| 10.5| 5.6| 4.3 + max.| 213 | 109 | 22.4| 108.9| 28.6| 13.7| 4.5| 11.8| 5.9| 4.7 + min.| 188 | 97 | 20 | 98.0| 26.4| 13.2| 4.2| 9.5| 5.3| 4.1 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + Monterrey, Nuevo Leon +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- +16 mean| 199.7| 103.2| 21.3| 106.9| 27.6| 13.9| 4.4| 10.7| 5.6| 4.2 + max.| 216 | 114 | 22 | 125.6| 28.2| 14.9| 4.6| 11.5| 5.8| 4.5 + min.| 176 | 92 | 19 | 88.0| 26.8| 13.2| 4.1| 10.2| 5.0| 4.0 +-------+------+------+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+----+---- + + _Specimens examined._--Total 64 as follows: NUEVO LEON (USNM): + Monterrey, 37; _Cerro de la Silla_, 18. COAHUILA: 12 km. E San + Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., 2. TAMAULIPAS: La Vegonia, + Sierra San Carlos, 7 (UMMZ). + + +I am grateful to the following persons for the loan of specimens: G. B. +Corbet, British Museum, Natural History (BM); David H. Johnson, United +States National Museum (USNM); George H. Lowery, Jr., Louisiana State +University (LSU); Philip Hershkovitz, Chicago Natural History Museum +(CM); William B. Davis, Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College (TAM); +W. H. Burt and Emmet T. Hooper, University of Michigan Museum of Zoology +(UMMZ). Specimens lacking designation as to collection are housed in the +Museum of Natural History of The University of Kansas. I am indebted to +Professor E. Raymond Hall and Mr. J. Knox Jones, Jr. for the use of +these specimens and for other assistance. It is appropriate to record +also that the findings reported above are an outgrowth of related work +done as a Research Assistant under Grant No. 56 G 103 from the National +Science Foundation. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +DALQUEST, W. W. + + 1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosi. Louisiana + State Univ. Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:1-233, December 28. + +HALL, E. R., and KELSON, K. R. + + 1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press, New York, + vol. 2:ix + 547-1083 + 79, illustrated, March 31. + +OSGOOD, W. H. + + 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. + Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., April 17. + +RIDGWAY, R. + + 1912. Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D. C., + iv + 43 pp., 53 pls. + +SAUSSURE, M. H. de + + 1860. Note sur quelques mammiferes du Mexique. Revue et Mag. + Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:97-110, March. + +THOMAS, O. + + 1903. _On three new forms of _Peromyscus_ obtained by Dr. Hans + Gadow, F. R. S., and Mrs. Gadow in Mexico._ Ann. Mag. Nat. + Hist., ser. 7, 11:484-487, May. + + +_Transmitted June 30, 1961._ + + +29-393 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomic Status of Some Mice of The +Peromyscus boylii Group in Eastern Mexico, With Description of a New Subspecies, by Ticul Alvarez + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TAXONOMIC STATUS OF SOME *** + +***** This file should be named 33509.txt or 33509.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/5/0/33509/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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