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diff --git a/33735.txt b/33735.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..37931a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/33735.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2547 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Pamela Censured, by Anonymous + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Pamela Censured + +Author: Anonymous + +Commentator: Charles Batten, Jr. + +Release Date: September 16, 2010 [EBook #33735] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PAMELA CENSURED *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Josephine Paolucci +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net. + + + + + + + +THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY + +PAMELA CENSURED + +(_1741_) + +_Introduction by_ + +CHARLES BATTEN, JR. + +PUBLICATION NUMBER _175_ + +WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY + +_University of California, Los Angeles_ + +_1976_ + + +GENERAL EDITORS + + William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles + Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles + David S. Rodes, University of California, Los Angeles + +ADVISORY EDITORS + + James L. Clifford, Columbia University + Ralph Cohen, University of Virginia + Vinton A. Dearing, University of California, Los Angeles + Arthur Friedman, University of Chicago + Louis A. Landa, Princeton University + Earl Miner, Princeton University + Samuel H. Monk, University of Minnesota + Everett T. Moore, University of California, Los Angeles + Lawrence Clark Powell, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + James Sutherland, University College, London + H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., University of California, Los Angeles + Robert Vosper, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + +CORRESPONDING SECRETARY + + Beverly J. Onley, William Andrews Clark Memorial Library + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +The publication of _Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded_ on 6 November 1740 +occasioned the kind of immediate and hyperbolic praise which would have +turned the head of an author less vain than Richardson. Proclaimed by +Aaron Hill as being "the Soul of Religion," and by Knightley Chetwood as +the book next to the Bible which ought to be saved "if all the Books in +England were to be burnt," _Pamela_ seemed certain of universal acclaim, +especially when the Reverend Benjamin Slocock praised it extravagantly +from the pulpit of St. Saviour's in Southwark within two months of its +initial printing. Even the "Objections" voiced by several correspondents +and published at the beginning of the second edition of _Pamela_ (14 +February 1741) seemed relatively inconsequential when weighed against +the _Gentleman's Magazine's_ assertion in January 1741 that every +Londoner with the slightest curiosity was reading _Pamela_.[1] + +Literary and moral opposition to _Pamela_ gradually began to mount, +however. April 1741 saw the publication of the first and perhaps most +perceptive attacks on Richardson's novel: _An Apology for the Life of +Mrs. Shamela Andrews_ appeared on 2 April, followed by _Pamela Censured: +In a Letter to the Editor_ some twenty-three days later. While we now +feel certain that Henry Fielding wrote _Shamela_, the author of _Pamela +Censured_ has eluded us.[2] Though both works attack _Pamela_ on moral +grounds and incidentally make unflattering comments about Colley Cibber, +their literary methods differ so greatly that it is impossible to tell +whether or not _Shamela_ influenced _Pamela Censured_ to any extent. + +Fielding's parody is too well known to be described in detail here. +Though his sophisticated wit lashes out in a number of directions, he +attacks _Pamela_ on primarily two fronts: in prefatory letters he +assails those who would praise Richardson's novel for its moral lessons, +while in the body of _Shamela_ he burlesques the psychological +motivations of Pamela herself, showing that she is motivated by +mercenary "vartue" rather than angelic virtue. In spite of its hasty +composition, _Shamela_ clearly displays a kind of literary charm and +insight that was soon to characterize _Joseph Andrews_ and _Tom Jones_. + +Because it lacks Fielding's wit, _Pamela Censured_ is now almost +forgotten even though it elicited an even stronger response than +_Shamela_ from some of Richardson's defenders and detractors. The +"Introduction" to _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ (1741), for instance, +airily dismisses _Shamela's_ "low Humour adapted to the Standard of a +_petit Maitre's_ Capacity" which has been applauded only "among the Weak +and Vicious." By contrast, the same work devotes an entire four pages to +answering the various charges levelled by _Pamela Censured_ after first +attacking its author for giving readers "such an Idea of his own vicious +Inclination, that it would not ... wrong him to think the Shrieks of a +Woman in Labour would excite his Passions, and the Agonies of a dying +Woman enflame his Blood, and stimulate him to commit a Rape." Aaron +Hill, who had apparently ignored the publication of _Shamela_, angrily +conveyed to Richardson a rumor that _Pamela Censured_ was a bookseller's +contrivance written in order to promote sales among readers with +prurient interests. (Richardson, distressed over such a suggestion, +emphatically wrote "Quite mistaken!" in the margin of Hill's letter.) +But if this stratagem was not employed to boost sales in England, it +perhaps was used across the Channel, where _Pamela Censured_, under the +title _Pamela, Zedelyk Beoordeeld_, appeared in Holland some months +before a complete Dutch translation of Richardson's novel was ever +published.[3] + +To Richardson's contemporaries, _Pamela Censured_ must consequently have +seemed a much more serious attack than _Shamela_. The humor of +Fielding's parody might be misinterpreted or at least dismissed as +"low"; in _Pamela Censured_, the rather personal attack on the author of +_Pamela_ and the precise censure of specific passages could not, +however, be misconstrued or ignored. Moreover, the critical principle +behind _Pamela Censured_ appears quite sound, at least on its most +simple level: _Pamela_ is bad because it violates what might be called a +literary "truth in labeling" law. Casting himself in the role of +"consumer advocate," the author of _Pamela Censured_ systematically +attempts to show that _Pamela_ fails to live up to the advertisement on +its title page: + + a SERIES of FAMILIAR LETTERS FROM A Beautiful Young DAMSEL, + To her PARENTS. Now first Published in order In order to + cultivate the Principles of VIRTUE and RELIGION in the Minds + of the YOUTH of BOTH SEXES. A Narrative which has its + Foundation in TRUTH and NATURE; and at the same time that it + agreeably entertains, by a Variety of _curious_ and + _affecting_ INCIDENTS, is intirely divested of all those + Images, which, in too many Pieces calculated for Amusement + only, tend to _inflame_ the Minds they should _instruct_. + +In applying this test to _Pamela_, the author of _Pamela Censured_ +displays a curious mixture of naivete and sophistication. His first +attack involves a silly and perhaps consciously dishonest misreading of +the words "Now first Published" on _Pamela's_ title page. While this +phrase clearly means that Pamela's letters are now being published for +the first time, _Pamela Censured_ attacks _Pamela_ for claiming to be +the first work ever aimed at cultivating "the Principles of VIRTUE and +RELIGION in the Minds of the YOUTH of BOTH SEXES." When _Pamela +Censured_ later assails _Pamela_ for not telling a true story, as the +title page advertises, it naively fails to understand that by the time +of _Pamela's_ publication the guise of telling a true story had +virtually become a fictional convention. + +But when _Pamela Censured_ considers the implications of _Pamela's_ +fictionality, it raises two valid literary problems, treating the first +in a cursory fashion and devoting to the second most of its space and +attention. If, as _Pamela Censured_ first of all asserts, the "editor" +of _Pamela_ is really the author, then all of the prefatory material in +_Pamela_ must be seen as proof of the author's immorality: he is a man +consumed by vanity. Secondly, this author must be convicted on even more +serious moral grounds: his fiction instructs readers to sin and enflames +those passions which he, as a moral man, should extinguish. Not only is +this a clear moral flaw in the author and in his book, but it also +blatantly contradicts the promises made on the title page. + +In attacking _Pamela's_ morality, _Pamela Censured_ raises a problem +inherent in virtually all narrative fiction: stories inevitably lead +some readers to imitate the vicious characters rather than the virtuous +ones, in spite of any moral statements made by the author or any +punishments meted out at the end of the story. Even in "forbidding a +silly ostler to grease the horse's teeth," as Alithea says in _The +Country Wife_ (III, i), one may very easily teach him "to do't." Such +concerns, of course, are not new. From Plato and Horace to the +Neo-Humanists of the twentieth century, critics have dwelled in varying +degrees on the moral effects of literature. The eighteenth century, +reacting against the supposed immorality of the Restoration, often +emphasized the _utile_, losing sight of the _dulce_ in its criticism. +_Pamela Censured_ in its moral approach bears a striking similarity to +Jeremy Collier's _Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the +English Stage_ (1698): both virtually try to bludgeon to death literary +works for inciting immoral actions. In one respect, however, _A Short +View_ exercises a bit more control than does _Pamela Censured_. While +Collier refuses to quote directly from the offensive literature, +affirming that his intention is "rather to kill the _Root_ than +_Transplant_ it," the author of _Pamela Censured_ meticulously provides +his readers with a compendium of the so-called dirty parts of _Pamela_. +Such attention to the morality of literature, moreover, may easily +backfire. The anonymous author of _A Vindication of the Stage_ (1698) +concludes that Collier's "dwelling so long on the Subject of Debauchery, +argues something of Delight and Pleasure in the Case." Likewise, the +author of _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ sees the treatment of sexual +immodesty in _Pamela Censured_ as evidence of "how much of the Goat" +there is in the author's "Constitution."[4] + +More importantly, however, _Pamela Censured_--as the first sustained +criticism of what is probably the first English novel--amasses much of +the moral ammunition which was to be fired at realistic novels during +the eighteenth century. Echoes of _Pamela Censured_ may, for instance, +be heard in Clara Reeve's _Progress of Romance_ (1785), where Hortensia +comments that in reading, "The seeds of vice and folly are sown in the +heart,--the passions are awakened,--false expectations are raised.--A +young woman is taught to expect adventures and intrigues." Euphrasia, +who expresses Clara Reeve's attitudes throughout the work, qualifies +this statement, pointing out that these ill effects come from reading +novels, but not romances.[5] Indeed, romances do not mislead readers +precisely because they are so removed from real life. Moreover, +romances morally instruct readers without hazarding the pitfalls +inherent in novels. Dr. John Gregory's _Comparative View_ (1765), for +instance, concludes that: + + Notwithstanding the ridiculous extravagance of the old + Romance in many particulars, it seems calculated to produce + more favourable effects on the morals of Mankind, than our + modern Novels.--If the former did not represent men as they + really are, it represented them better; its Heroes were + patterns of courage, generosity, truth, humanity, and the + most exalted virtues. Its Heroines were distinguished for + modesty, delicacy, and the utmost dignity of manners.--The + latter [i.e., novels] represent Mankind too much what they + are, paint such scenes of pleasure and vice as are unworthy + to see the light, and thus in a manner hackney youth in the + ways of wickedness, before they are well entered into the + World; expose the fair sex in the most wanton and shameless + manner to the eyes of the world.[6] + +Novels tend to "inflame the Passions and corrupt the Heart" of the +reader because they treat real life with all its sordid concerns: sex, +social status, pride, money, and the like. If the novel describes such +matters in a realistic fashion, "warm scenes" will inevitably creep into +it. As _Pamela Censured_ complains, men are inflamed by the description +of a woman's body, especially when she seems about to be ravished; women +are corrupted into believing they can seduce a man into a lucrative +marriage without any moral or physical danger. Novels, moreover, are +most likely to inflame and corrupt young readers, who lack experience +and who are frequently ruled by their passions.[7] + +To a moral man like Richardson, the criticisms in _Pamela Censured_ must +have seemed painfully serious. The pamphlet virtually proclaims his +novel a total failure by showing that it tends "to _excite +Lasciviousness_"--not "the Principles of VIRTUE and RELIGION"--among its +readers. In addition, _Pamela_ is especially pernicious since its title +page advertises that it is written for the "YOUTH of BOTH SEXES," +precisely those people who--according to _Pamela Censured_--must not +read this book. _Pamela Censured_ concludes with an appeal to the author +of _Pamela_ to emend or strike out entirely the offending passages from +his novel. + +Richardson's revisions bear witness to the seriousness with which he +took such criticism. For the fifth edition (22 September, 1741), he +toned down the extravagant praises in the introductory letters, and for +the sixth edition (7 December 1741), he entirely omitted these letters, +substituting in their place a table of contents. The "warm scenes" +furthermore gradually began to loose their warmth. In the fifth edition, +Pamela now lies face down on the floor while Mr. B peeks through the +keyhole (Letter XV). _Pamela Censured_ had attacked the original passage +for exciting "Passions of Desire" by picturing Pamela stretched out on +the floor, presumably having collapsed on her back (p. 31). Richardson's +change indicates more about his sense of decorum and his attention to +_Pamela Censured_ than about his ignorance--as Eaves and Kimpel +imply--concerning sexual perversions.[8] + +By the time Richardson's carefully corrected fourteenth edition appeared +in 1801, even more changes had crept into those passages which _Pamela +Censured_ found particularly objectionable. Mr. B no longer offers "to +take" Pamela "on his Knee, with some Force"; he now more modestly lifts +her up and offers "to set" her on his knee, without any mention of force +(Letter XV). While Mr. B originally "by Force Kissed" Pamela's "Neck and +Lips," he now simply kisses Pamela--no portion of her anatomy +mentioned--while she struggles against him (Letter XV). Likewise, +instead of passionately putting his hand in Pamela's bosom, Mr. B in the +revised version merely tries to kiss her neck (Letter XV) or continues +holding her in his arms (Letter XXV). Because of her lover's more modest +approach in Letter XXV, Pamela no longer breaks out "in a cold clammy +sweat." Pamela's reasons for not succumbing to Mr. B's advances (Letter +XIX), which _Pamela Censured_ found morally shoddy, are clarified +somewhat by the inclusion of a new moralizing passage concerning her +relation to Mr. B: + + He may make me great offers, and may, perhaps, intend to + deck me out in finery, the better to gratify his own pride; + but I should be a wicked creature indeed, if, for the sake + of riches or favour, I should forfeit my good name; yea, and + worse than any other young body of my sex; because I can so + contentedly return to my poverty again, and think it less + disgrace to be obliged to live upon rye-bread and water, as + I used to do, than to be a harlot to the greatest man in the + world. + +To make Pamela's moral purity even clearer, Richardson causes tears to +appear in Mrs. Jervis's eyes as she hears Pamela's virtuous +protestations. Though the reader originally watches Pamela pull off her +stays and "stockens," these details are now omitted (Letter XXV). Mr. +B's clothing loses some of its extravagance, his dressing gown no longer +being silver (Letter XXV) and his waistcoat no longer trimmed in gold +(Letter XXVII). Moreover, Mr. B exercises a bit more restraint (or at +least Pamela's descriptions seem a bit less ambiguous): while in the +first edition he comes to Pamela's bed, in the later version he simply +approaches her "bed-side" (Letter XV). For the fourteenth edition, +Richardson omits the "obscene ... double Entendre" in which Mr. B wishes +he could have Pamela "as Quick another Way" (Letter XXVII). In an almost +passive fashion, Mr. B releases Pamela from his clutches, "loosing his +arms with an air," while in the original version he obviously keeps a +passionate hold on her (Saturday Morning [37th day of confinement]). +During Mr. B's last attempt at rape, Pamela no longer offers up her +prayers "all undrest" (though she does have her underclothes in her +hand), and Mr. B no longer approaches her bed breathing "all quick and +short." Once the attempted rape is over and Pamela awakens from her +faint, she (in the revised version) does not speculate concerning "the +Liberties taken with her in her deplorable State" (Tuesday Night [40th +day of confinement]). Finally, Pamela is now less brazen when led by Mr. +B into the alcove where he proclaims his love. She now prudently +considers that she can safely go there for two reasons: the alcove has +"a passage through it" and Mr. B had already led her there "once without +stopping" (Wednesday Morning [41st day of confinement]).[9] + +While Richardson's revisions may seem extensive, they in no respect +remove or change all of the objectionable passages that _Pamela +Censured_ so severely criticizes. A considerable amount of hanky-panky +remains in the last version of _Pamela_. Mr. B, for instance, still +tries to examine Pamela "to her under Petticoat" (Letter XXIV), and he +even gets to grope--though only once--for her breasts (Tuesday Night +[40th day of confinement]). It should not be surprising, however, that +Richardson failed to achieve the "successful" expurgations found in +Victorian bowdlerizations of his novel. While he undoubtedly tried to +clean up his descriptions, Richardson nevertheless had to keep in mind +his novel's artistic integrity (something the bowdlerizers did not do). +In order to show the stages through which a virtuous young woman must +realistically pass when tempted by a physically attractive, though +morally reprehensible young man, Richardson had to describe attempted +rapes and their effects. In so doing, he undoubtedly hoped his readers +would keep in mind the morally unambiguous end of his novel (which, +incidentally, _Pamela Censured_ virtually ignores). Some "warm scenes," +as a consequence, seem necessary in this novel, and to remove all of +them would, in effect, change _Pamela_ into something radically +different, namely a romance. + +Though most of the attack in _Pamela Censured_ simply reflects the +author's prejudice against the sexual implications of realistic +descriptions, the pamphlet occasionally alludes to a further moral +problem, one which has bothered readers since the time of Fielding. +"Instead of being artless and innocent," Pamela seems to have "as much +Knowledge of the Arts of the Town, as if she had been born and bred in +_Covent_ Garden" (pp. 21-22). As a consequence, she appears "mighty +skillful" (p. 26) in her dealings with Mr. B. In spite of these hints, +_Pamela Censured_ stops short of concluding--as _Shamela_ does--that +Pamela is motivated by an immoral desire to trap Mr. B into marriage +rather than by an overwhelming desire to maintain her virtue at any +cost. Perhaps the author of _Pamela Censured_ contemplated this moral +ambiguity as the subject of his projected "Second Epistle" (p. 64), a +work which seems never to have appeared in print, if indeed it was ever +written. + +_Pamela Censured_, nevertheless, casually makes a provocative comparison +which, if developed, might easily have thrown light on the artistic +reasons behind Pamela's morally questionable actions. In its opening +pages, _Pamela Censured_ indicates that _Pamela_, at least in its title, +is less "modest" than Chevalier de Mouhy's _La Paysanne parvenue_ +(1735-37), published in English as _The Fortunate Country Maid. Being +the Entertaining Memoirs of the Present Celebrated Marchioness of L---- +V----: Who from a Cottage, through a Great Variety of Diverting +Adventures, Became a Lady of the First Quality in the Court of France_ +(1741). One can only wish that _Pamela Censured_ had developed its +comparison in a thorough and sophisticated fashion, indicating the moral +implications of the differences between these two stories. + +_The Fortunate Country Maid_, first of all, bears a striking resemblance +to _Pamela_: in both works the heroines, almost identical in social +position, face similar trials and ultimately are rewarded in the same +fashion. A brief description of the plot of _The Fortunate Country Maid_ +should adequately indicate these similarities to anyone already familiar +with _Pamela_. Jenny, the heroine of _The Fortunate Country Maid_, comes +from the lower social ranks, her father a common woodcutter in the +forest of Fountainbleau. The young Marquis of L---- V----, son of +Jenny's godfather, singles her out for his special attention because of +her beauty and charm. Though conscious of the social distinctions which +bar her marriage to the Marquis, Jenny nonetheless falls in love with +him, all the while uneasy that she might be "ruined." Her fears indeed +are not ill-founded. After learning social amenities in the household of +the Countess of N----, her godmother, Jenny embarks on a series of +trials, including an attempted rape, an offer to be set up as a kept +woman, threats of an arranged marriage, and even proposals for a +clandestine wedding. Held a virtual prisoner, Jenny ponders the +advisability of escape; ultimately she decides that it would be better +to forfeit her life rather than loose her reputation. One of her last +conflicts involves a menacing Swiss soldier who tries to take her into +his custody. When the Marquis appears to be on the point of death, Jenny +clearly recognizes the genuine depth of her love for him. At the +conclusion of the story, Jenny and the Marquis are married, the Marquis' +father finally accepting this unconventional alliance only after having +been convinced of Jenny's virtue. Everyone seems to live happily ever +after, including Jenny's parents, who move from their cottage to the +Estate de F---- A----, property which they will one day own. This +happiness, however, is tempered somewhat by the realization that Jenny +and the Marquis must carefully justify their marriage to the society in +which they live. + +It is tempting, because of the obvious similarities between these two +works, to suggest that Richardson knew and was influenced by _The +Fortunate Country Maid_. On the other hand we perhaps should not doubt +Richardson's basic honesty when he says "I am not acquainted in the +least with the French Language or Writers: And that it was Chance and +not Skill or Learning, that made me fall into this way of +Scribbling."[10] In any event, these parallels must raise provocative +questions concerning Richardson's possible indebtedness to this work. + +In spite of these overwhelming similarities, the plots of _Pamela_ and +_The Fortunate Country Maid_ fundamentally differ in one important +respect. In _Pamela_, Mr. B tries to rape the heroine; he offers to make +her his whore: he attempts to arrange for her a dishonorable marriage +with Parson Williams; and he ultimately weds her himself. In contrast, +the Marquis of L---- V---- stands virtually outside the action during +most of _The Fortunate Country Maid_. Jenny fends off a rape, but it is +attempted by Chevalier d'Elbieux; she rejects the position of a whore, +but it is offered by M. de G---- and his housekeeper (who incidentally +is much like Mrs. Jervis); she avoids an arranged marriage, but it is +proposed by M. de G---- and M. Gripart. Jenny does eventually, however, +marry the Marquis. Once the Chevalier d'Elbieux--villain of the first +part of the story--reforms and becomes a monk, the role of villain +devolves on the Marquis of L---- V----'s father, who tries to block at +all turns the impending marriage between his son and this peasant girl. +It is the elder Marquis who causes St. Fal to imprison Jenny, and it is +Jenny's plot to avoid the elder Marquis which causes her to be +threatened by the Colbrand-like Swiss. Throughout all this, the young +Marquis remains unblemished, his proposal of a clandestine marriage and +his excessive jealousy simply indicating his passionate love, not his +moral turpitude. + +The implications of this important difference between Mr. B and the +Marquis of L---- V---- should be clear to us even if they were not to +the author of _Pamela Censured_. As Ralph Rader indicates in a recent +essay dealing with, among other things, the narrative form of _Pamela_: +"Richardson's chief problem in the novel is the need his form imposes to +make Mr. B. both a villain and a hero. B. must threaten Pamela and +threaten her increasingly, else our sense of her danger and the merit +which develops from her response to danger will not increase, as the +form requires, along lines that make her ultimate reward possible; but +the more directly and villainously he does threaten her, the less +acceptable he will appear as an ultimate and satisfactory reward for +her, something that the form requires also."[11] Jenny's reward, her +marriage to the Marquis of L---- V----, raises no serious moral +questions since the Marquis remains virtuous throughout the story. +Moreover, while Jenny carefully protects her chastity, she does not in +any sense seem motivated by mercenary desires since the preservation of +her chastity does not necessarily lead to her marriage with the Marquis. +Pamela's reward, on the other hand, is marriage to a vicious though +presumably reformed rake. The preservation of her chastity, furthermore, +seems motivated by mercenary goals. Finding herself in a situation where +she either looses her chastity and becomes Mr. B's whore or preserves +her chastity and becomes his wife, Pamela clearly chooses the more +profitable alternative. + +The artistic success of _Clarissa_ undoubtedly reflects in part the +lesson Richardson learned from such moral attacks as _Pamela Censured_ +and _Shamela_. While "warm scenes" remain in his second novel--as indeed +they must in any realistic portrayal of male-female +relations--Richardson continually tempers these scenes with clear +indications of Lovelace's vicious nature and careful forebodings of +Clarissa's tragic fate. Moreover, unlike Pamela, whose reward is +marriage to her would-be rapist, Clarissa escapes from her seducer, +achieving a morally unambiguous reward, her heroic death. + +University of California + +Los Angeles + + + + +NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION + + +[1] Aaron Hill to Samuel Richardson, 17 December 1740, printed in +"Introduction to this Second Edition," _Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded_, +ed. T. C. Duncan Eaves and Ben D. Kimpel (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., +1971), p. 9; Knightley Chetwood to Ralph Courteville, 27 January 1741, +cited in _Pamela_, ed. Eaves and Kimpel, p. vi; _Gentleman's Magazine_, +11 (1741), 56. + +[2] For dates of publication, see T. C. Duncan Eaves and Ben D. Kimpel, +_Samuel Richardson: A Biography_ (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971), pp. +127, 129; concerning Fielding's composition of _Shamela_, see Charles B. +Woods, "Fielding and the Authorship of _Shamela_," _PQ_, 25 (1946), +248-72. + +[3] B. W., "Introduction," _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ (London: Ward +and Chandler, 1741), I, xii-xiii; Alan Dugald McKillop, _Samuel +Richardson: Printer and Novelist_ (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina +Press, 1936), p. 78; _The Richardson-Stinstra Correspondence and +Stinstra's Prefaces to Clarissa_, ed. William C. Slattery (Carbondale: +Southern Illinois Univ. Press, 1969), pp. xxiii-xxiv. + +[4] Collier, _A Short View of the Immorality, and Profaneness of the +English Stage_ (London: S. Keble, R. Sare, and H. Hindmarsh, 1698), +chap. I; _A Vindication of the Stage, with the Usefulness and Advantages +of Dramatick Representations_ (London: Joseph Wild, 1698), p. 6; +_Pamela's Conduct_, I, xiii. + +[5] _The Progress of Romance and the History of Charoba, Queen of +AEgypt_ (1785; rpt. New York: Facsimile Text Society, 1930), II, 78. + +[6] _A Comparative View of the State and Faculties of Man with Those of +the Animal World_ (London: J. Dodsley, 1765), pp. 138-39. + +[7] As twentieth-century readers, we are probably more familiar +with--and more sympathetic to--the side that supported the ethical +superiority of novels over romances. Much of Catherine Moreland's +education in Jane Austen's _Northanger Abbey_ (1818), for instance, +involves her gradual realization of the inferiority of romances. Her +errors continue as long as she expects to lead a life like that of Emily +in Ann Radcliffe's _Mysteries of Udolpho_ (1794). Crucial to Catherine's +education is her discovery "that human nature, at least in the midland +counties of England," is not "to be looked for" in romances (chap. xxv). +Romances can be dangerous since they often provide faulty models of +moral action for readers who are likely to confuse romantic adventures +with the roles they must assume in real life. This attack on romances in +_Northanger Abbey_, moreover, is neither new nor unique, Catherine +Moreland being but the literary descendant of such eighteenth-century +"female quixotes" as Polly Peachum, Lydia Languish, Polly Honeycomb, and +Lydia Melford. + +[8] Eaves and Kimpel, _Samuel Richardson_, p. 129. + +[9] For a more thorough discussion of Richardson's revisions, see T. C. +Duncan Eaves and Ben D. Kimpel, "Richardson's Revisions of _Pamela_," +_Studies in Bibliography_, 20 (1967), 61-88. + +[10] Richardson's letter to William Warburton, 14 April 1748, cited in +Eaves and Kimpel, _Samuel Richardson_, p. 118. + +[11] "Defoe, Richardson, Joyce, and the Concept of Form in the Novel," +in _Autobiography, Biography, and the Novel_ (Los Angeles: William +Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 1973), p. 36. + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE + + +The facsimile of _Pamela Censured_ (1741) is reproduced by permission +from the copy (Shelf Mark: *EC7/R3961/T741p) in the Houghton Library, +Harvard University. The total type-page (p. 7) measures 166 x 83 mm. + + + + +PAMELA CENSURED: + +IN A LETTER TO THE EDITOR: + +SHEWING + +That under the Specious Pretence of Cultivating the Principles of Virtue +in the Minds of the Youth of both Sexes, the MOST ARTFUL and ALLURING +AMOROUS IDEAS are convey'd. + +And that, instead of being divested of all Images that tend to +_inflame_; Her Letters abound with Incidents, which must necessarily +raise in the unwary Youth that read them, EMOTIONS _far distant_ from +the PRINCIPLES of VIRTUE. + +Exemplified in many Quotations, with a CRITICAL REVIEW, and REMARKS upon +the _Whole_. + + Ridet hoc, inquam, Venus ipsa; rident + Simplices Nymphae, ferus & Cupido, + Semper ardentes acuens Sagittas + Cote Cruenta. + HORAT. + +_LONDON:_ + +Printed for J. ROBERTS, at the _Oxford Arms_, in _Warwick-Lane_. +MDCCXLI. + +[Illustration] + + + + +To the REVEREND + +Doctor _SLOCOCK_, + +CHAPLAIN of St. _Saviour's_ in _Southwark_. + + +REVEREND SIR, + +When a Person, whose _Profession_ and _Character_ in the World claim a +_Reverence_ and _Attention_, exerts himself in earnestly recommending a +Piece to our Perusal, as he bespeaks Esteem for it, so consequently we +are induced to be more curious in our Inspection thereof; especially if +that Recommendation is back'd by the Sanction of being deliver'd from +the _most solemn Place_, and from whence we are to expect Nothing but +Truth and Virtue. _PAMELA_ has been honour'd in this Manner, both the +_Pulpit_ and the _Press_ have joined in its Praises, and extoll'd it as +the most perfect Piece of the Kind. This excited me to the Reading, and +pleas'd that this Age had been capable of producing so much finish'd +Excellence, which I concluded it must be from the extraordinary +Encomiums so lavishly bestow'd on it, I open'd the Book with an Esteem +but little short of Veneration; but upon Perusal was amazed to find +Passages, which a Gentleman who is set apart and devoted, not only to +Morality, but the strictest Virtue and Piety, must be conscious to +himself are inconsistent with either, and even blush at them while he +reads: No Divine, I imagine, would recommend any Thing in his Sacred +Function, but what might be repeated there, without Offence to Decency +and Morality, at least, or but what is even capable of inculcating in +our Minds the Doctrine there deliver'd. That I think _Pamela_ is +deficient in both is the Occasion of this Address to You, and Subject of +the following Epistle to the Editor, which I submit to Your Judgment; if +I am mistaken in my Censures I shall as readily retract them, as I hope +all those who have applauded it for the most perfect Pattern of Virtue +and Instruction, will their superabundant Praises, when they find the +Passages I have cited rather deserve Expulsion. I am, + + _SIR_, + + _Your Humble Servant_, + +[Illustration] + + + + +Pamela _Censured_, &c. + + +_SIR_, + +As You have pleased in Your _Third_ Edition of _Pamela_, or (what you +call) _Virtue Rewarded_, to insert Extracts from several curious +recommendatory Letters, to perswade us that nothing could every equal +this Performance, I hope as I dissent from those Gentlemens Opinion, you +will with Impartiality receive my Reasons for so doing; nor condemn me +less for _honestly disapproving_, than you caress them for _fulsomely +flattering_. + +The Pompous Promise of your Title Page, the Manner in which it is +introduced, and your undertaking in a Series of familiar Letters, from +a beautiful Young Virgin to her Parents to inculcate Virtue, the very +Mention of such a Method of Instruction, has, I don't doubt induced +Numbers, as it did me, to read your _Pamela_, and by contributing to the +large Sale thereof, made the World (as is generally the Case) judge of +the Worth of it. + +The _Porch_ erected with cunning Symmetry, and shining with agreeable +Colours allures us in; _Nature_, _Truth_, _Virtue_ and _Religion_; Words +that are sure to please not only the Innocent Youth, but the more +Thinking and experienced Sage, are press'd into the Service of the first +Page; and so artfully rank'd that they at once invite us to proceed and +assure us that the Production can be nothing less than a Miracle: Nay so +much are you convinc'd of it's _Worth_, so happy in the Consideration of +your own Desert, that, tacitly condemning all former Writings of the +like Kind, You assume to yourself the Merit of prescribing _Virtue_, and +cultivating both that and _Religion_ (which by the way I never knew were +distinct before) in the Minds of the YOUTH of BOTH SEXES, and that you +have the Honour of now _First_ publishing these Things to the World: Was +no Romance or Novel ever published with a Design to recommend moral +Virtue?--Is _Pamela_ the First of that Kind! No surely; as to your +Title, _La Paysanne parvenue_ now translated into _English_, a little +_French_ Novel, is something more modest, and as much calculated for the +Encouragement of Virtue. That is a plain Tale, it is recommended and +received as such but _Pamela_ is first a _Series of Letters_ from a Girl +to her Parents, which it is presumed are offered us as Originals, and +then immediately we are told it is a _Narrative_ which has it's +_Foundation_ in _Truth_, and _Nature_; now what can any Man that would +reduce this to the Language of his own Opinion and Judgment call it, +but, _a Romance form'd in Manner of a literary Correspondence founded on +a Tale which the Author had heard, and modell'd into it's present +Shape_. Allowing this, which is the modestest Construction I can put +upon it, and that it was founded upon Truth, yet several Things may and +have been added thereto: Art and Invention, have been used; and however +_true_ the _Foundation_ may have been, yet a few _Removes_ and +_Transitions_, may make it deviate into a _downright Falsehood_: In all +Additions, and what may by some be called Embellishments to the Story, +_Fancy_ must take Place and where that presides, any Gentleman who is +too much troubled with it, knows the Consequence: From thence _Imaginary +Characters_ will arise, still spreading and increasing, and the busy +Phantom will ever be pleased at shadowy Beings of it's own Formation; +yet the Substance that gave those Shadows may be founded on _Truth_; +but thus extended like the Reflections from a declining Summer Evening's +Sun, it may please _Children_ with their seeming _gigantic_ Heights, +while _Men_ acknowledge it but as the last feeble _Efforts_ of his +_Light_. + +But notwithstanding all the great Things you promise us at first, of +_Truth_, _Virtue_ and _Religion_, and that your Book is intirely +_divested_ of all those Images which in _too many_ Pieces tend only to +_inflame_ the Mind, yet give me Leave to say, Sir, that I believe you +will find but few of the many Pieces which you so self-assumingly +condemn that abound with more Instances of _inflaming_ Sentiments than +your own, as in the Course of this Epistle, I shall point out to you. + +Nor does the Process of your Work fall short of your first setting out; +you there as an _Editor_ arrogate to yourself all the Praise that the +most lavish could bestow on your Desert, had it been real and silent; +_Fame_ founded by a Stranger's Breath, comes tuneful to the Ear, but +self-blown grows harsh and dissonant, and we condemn, the Conceitedness +and Affectation of what we might otherwise esteem. + +And here give me Leave to observe, Sir, that tho' your great Modesty for +some particular Reasons, one of which appears to be, that you could not +otherwise be acquitted of intolerable Vanity in applauding yourself as +you have done, has induced you to stile yourself only _Editor_; yet, +Sir, from several Sentences undesignedly dropt, where the Current of +your own agreeable Flattery has carried you beyond your Depth, I can't +help thinking that you are more than barely _Editor_. The Story may have +it's _Foundation_ in _Truth_ and _Nature_; but the Superstructure is +_your own_; the fictitious _Pamela_ may bear the Resemblance of some +happy rural Maid, who for her Virtue and Beauty may have been raised +from the _Plain_ to the _Toilette_, from the _Sheepcote_ to the _Mansion +House_, but the _natural Air_, the _dignified Simplicity_, the _measur'd +Fulness_ in it are properly to be ascribed to you: I shall therefore +henceforward treat you as HALF-EDITOR, HALF-AUTHOR of _Pamela_. I am not +ignorant what Art and Industry have been employed, privately to intimate +that what gave Rise to this _inimitable_ and so much commended Piece, +was an Occurrence of the like Kind that happen'd some time since in the +Family of a certain _Noble Lord_; if this be the Case, I must confess +'tis so highly _shadow'd_ that the Outlines of your Draughts are almost +obscured, and suffer us only to guess at the Likeness. Nor can I help +joining with one of your complemental Friends, and acknowledge, that +your Picture in _resembling Life outglows it_. + +First then, as _Editor_, you launch forth into all the extravagant +Praises that ever could enter the Heart of a young Author, before his +first favourite Performance was condemn'd by the Public. In this +Disguise you take a full Aim, and by presenting your Readers with a +_Prologue_ to your own _Praise_, you would _prepossess_ them with +_Applause_, and fondly _surfeit_ on the _Eccho_. The many Eulogia in +your Preface stated with Ifs, and artfully in the Conclusion bestowed on +_Pamela_ are but an Abstract of what fulsome Praises an Author wou'd +privately entertain himself with, or indeed look like what the +Booksellers are very often forced to say to make a bad Copy go off. +However they may tickle the Ears, they can never charm the Sense, and in +plain English may be render'd thus: + + "_I the Editor_ tell you and command you to believe, that + this Book, called _Pamela_, will _divert_, _entertain_, + _instruct_, and _improve_ the _Youth of both Sexes_. + + "It is the best System of _Religion_ and _Morality_ extant, + _delightful_ and _profitable_ to the _younger Class_ of + Readers, as well as those of _maturer Years_ and + Understanding. + + "All the _social Duties_ in high and low Life, are set forth + in the most exemplary Lights. _Vice_ is made _odious_, + _Virtue_ truely _lovely_; the Characters _justly_ drawn, and + _equally_ supported; the _Man_ of _Fortune_, _Passion_, or + _Intrigue_ rightly instructed; practical _Examples_ given to + the Ladies in the most critical and affecting Cases, either + of _Virgin_, _Bride_, or _Wife_: These represented in so + _lively_ a Manner, that the Passions of every _sensible_ + Reader must be affected; and his that are not, _I pronounce_ + him a _Fool_. Yet though the Passions are so much touched, + there is not a _single Idea_ throughout the _Whole_ that + shall shock the _exactest Purity_, nor shall a Lady be put + to the Blush, even where she may very naturally expect it. + + "Besides all this, believe me, Sirs, 'tis every Word _true_; + nor do I at all doubt the Success of the Sale; because I + confidently _assert_, that all the _desireable Ends_ are + _obtained in these Sheets_; and if any one should dispute + it, I will convince him by two incontestable Proofs. First, + that I know from MY OWN Passions, that I never perused these + engaging Scenes without being uncommonly _moved_: And, for + that Reason, I insist upon it, that every Man who reads them + must be the same: And next, that I, as an _Editor_, judge + with more Impartiality than an _Author_ can do." + +What Vanity is this! Did it ever appear more conspicuous in the Writings +of any one? The worthy Gentleman who is appointed to preside over the +_British_ Muses, hath been frequently accused of being a perfect Master +in this Art; nay, so far indeed does it extenuate the Crime, that he +acknowledges the Foible. He has long been allowed to reign sole Monarch +of the Realms of _Effrontery_ and _Vanity_; but in you, Sir, let him +dread a formidable _Rival_. + +The positively pronouncing a Thing quite perfect, and the only good one +of its Kind upon your meer _ipse Dixi_, is something so novel, and +tacitly calling all Fools who shall dare to swerve from that Opinion, +gives it such an Air of Consequence and assur'd Success, as may prevail +on many, who search no farther than the Surface to believe it to _be_ +what it is _represented_; but to Persons who may be as _sensible_, tho' +perhaps not so bigotted to an Opinion, as the Editor, it must only +afford Matter for Laughter and Ridicule. + +If it is not ludicrous, (tho' what can be too light a Counterpoise for +such frothy Affectation!) I once met with a Story from an honest Country +Man, which seems very applicable to the Case in Question. A Doctor, says +the Farmer, once did us the Honour of a Visit at our Village, he +appeared in all the Ornament of Dress necessary to excite Curiosity in +simple unmeaning Clowns, he began his Harangue, by inveighing bitterly +against the Errors and Tricks of his Brother Practitioners, their Advice +was deficient, their Drugs unwholsome, and instead of healing, they did +but taint the Body; he only prescribed what was proper, and his Arcanum +was the grand Restorative of Health then _first published_, with a +salutary Design of confirming the whole Country's Health to the utter +Ruin of all Physicians, Apothecaries, _&c._ Name what Disease you would, +his little Pill was an immediate and sovereign Remedy. During the +Doctor's Oration there appear'd behind him a surly Sort of a Fellow, +dress'd in all the Accoutrements that could be collected together to +make him look terrible, yet through all, you might discern a sly leering +Grin: No sooner had the Doctor pronounced his Nostrum universal, but +_Andrew_ (for he, it seems, was the formidable Hero in Disguise) +advancing forward with an Air military flourishes his broad Sword over +his Head; and being mildly ask'd by the Doctor, what was the Occasion +of that tremendous Visage, he boldly answered----_to Kill any one that +dare dispute it_. + +Thus you, Sir, as _Editor_ stand boldly a _Swiss_ at your own Portal, to +invite in your Friends with recommendatory Letters, and hard strain'd +complemental Rhimes to yourself as _Author_, to usher your doughty +Performance into the World. + +I shall pass over them in a cursory Manner, as they only appear to be +_Aiders_ and _Abetters_, and not principally concerned; they only tend +to sound forth the Praise of the Book, and amount to little more than +what the Vulgar call a _Puff_. The first of them insinuates a _French +Translation_, and as I see one is since advertised to be published, it +may not be amiss to congratulate the Gentleman, whoever he is, on his +lucky Thought, and wish him as much Success on his being _Translator_, +as you have met with in being _Editor_; tho' upon Consideration I must +confess that would be doing wrong, for as I think the Book to have a bad +Tendency in general, (which I shall endeavour to prove presently) to +transmit it into another Language is but spreading the Infection +farther. + +The next Epistle abounds with the same fulsome Flattery as the former, +it is there--"full of Instruction and Morality,--a pure clear Fountain +of Truth and Innocence;--a Magazine of Virtue and unblemish'd +Thoughts:--ALL others tend only to corrupt our Principles and mislead +our Judgments, but _Pamela_ must be for the universal Benefit of +Mankind, 'twill reclaim the Vicious, and mend the Age in general." + +The Introduction to the Second Edition is only calculated to load us +with still more Stuff of the same Kind as the former; You would do well, +Sir, before you so confidently affirm the Gentleman who hath given his +Opinion upon the Objections that have been offered to be a Person of +_distinguish'd Taste_ and _Abilities_, either to have let us known _who_ +he was, or some of his former Works, which might have convinced us of +those _Abilities_, for I think the long Harangue prefix'd to _Pamela_ +will never be deem'd a sufficient Proof thereof----The Gentleman himself +acknowledges that _when it has dwelt all Day long upon the Ear, it takes +Possession all night of the Fancy_; That is, I suppose, it contributes +to make his _Dreams_ something pleasanter than usual; and I am sorry if +I am mistaken, but it seems to me, that he wrote his Dissertation half +awake and half asleep, just as he was disturb'd from one of those +agreeable Reveries----His Return from his Walk in the Snow and the +Reflection there made, is far from holding good, if it shall appear that +the Author of _Pamela_, instead of being Father to _Millions of Minds_, +serves only to inspire them with Thoughts and Ideas, which must +infallibly make the Mind subservient to the Body, and Reason not only +fall a Victim to, but, quite debauch'd, assist the sensual Appetites. + +The Objections pretended to be made by an anonymous Gentleman were in my +Opinion only formed on Purpose for the Sake of the Answers; so passing +over them:--_Parson_ Williams's _Dove_ without serpentine Mixture; the +natural Story of the little Boy, for which Sort of Admirers _Pamela_ +seems to be more immediately calculated, &c. I come to the Objection the +Gentleman makes himself, which I cant think would be sufficiently +_obviated_ by any _Alteration_ in the _Front of another Edition_, while +the same is retained in the very Body of the Story; his Objection take +in his own Words. + +"There are Mothers or Grandmothers (saith he) in all Families of +affluent Fortune who tho' they may have none of _Lady Davers's +Insolence_, will be apt to feel one of her _Fears_--That the Example of +a Gentleman so amiable as Mr. _B----_ may be follow'd by the _Jackies_ +their Sons, with too blind and unreflecting a Readiness; nor does the +Answer of that Gentleman to his Sister's Reproach come quite up to the +Point they will rest on: For though indeed it is true, all the World +would acquit the best Gentleman in it, if he married such a Waiting Maid +as _Pamela_, yet there is an ill discerning Partiality in Passion that +will overthrow all the Force of that Argument: _Because every beloved +Maid would be a Pamela_, in a Judgment obscured by her Influence." + +Nor can I think he has stated his own Objection as strong as it might +be, or even sufficiently answer'd it as it is, for where he recommends +"the purpos'd Excitement of Persons in _Pamela's_ Condition of Life, by +an Emulation of her Sweetness, Humility, Modesty, Patience and Industry +to attain some faint Hope of arriving in Time within View of her +Happiness?----What a delightful Reformation, says he, should we see in +all Families, where the Vanity of their Maids took no Turn toward +Ambition to please, but by such innocent Pleasures as _Pamelia's_." + +This is first of all making an Objection, then denying it to be one; for +what does he defend in the last Paragraph, but the very Thing that is +allowed to be the general bad Tendency of the Book, _viz_: That every +Maid Servant from what low Stock soever she sprung, if she is pretty +modest, _&c._ has an undoubted Right to attempt to entice her Master to +Marriage:----Nay in what he allows is proposed to teach the _Gay World_ +and the _Fortunate_, he more particularly acknowledges it to be +this.----"By Comparison with that infinite Remoteness of her Condition +from the Reward which her Virtue procured her, one great Proof is +derived, (_which_, says he expressly; _is Part of the Moral of Pamela_) +that Advantages from _Birth_, and Distinction of _Fortune_ have no Power +at all, when consider'd against those of _Behaviour_ and Temper of Mind: +Because where the _last_ are not added, all the _first_ will be boasted +in Vain. Whereas she who possesses the last, finds _no Want_ of the +first in her Influence."----If this is proper Instructions for young +Ladies I am deceived, for by the same Rule that it may hold good with +_Servant Maids_ in regard to their obtaining their _Young Masters_ +(which he would call as above----_the Reward their Virtue procured +them._). It must equally make the Ladies conclude that if they can find +any thing mere deserving in their _Footmen_ than the _Young Gentlemen_, +who by a suitable Rank and Fortune are designed to be their Suitors, +they are under no Obligation to chuse the latter, but _are +meritoriously_ throwing down all Distinction of _Family_ and taking up +with the former. + +Thus much, Sir, I have thought proper to observe in regard to your +Assistants; now give me Leave to say, that I think your _Pamela_ so far +from being a proper Entertainment for the Youth of both Sexes, +especially the young Ladies, that it is indisputable no young Girl +however innocent she may be; at the Age when Nature softens and moulds +the tender yielding Heart to Love can possibly read several Passages in +it, which I shall point out, without conceiving Ideas she otherwise +might never have dream'd of; and instead of recommending it to my +Daughters I would keep it from their Sight, as too pernicious for them +to converse with. + +But before I enter into any particular Parts, I will take a short +Summary of the whole Tale as you would willingly have it represented, +with my Objections thereto, and wherein I think you fall short of what +you have promised in your Title Page, and is directly the Reverse of the +Encomiums bestow'd in your Preface. + +The Foundation of _Pamela_'s Story is _Truth_ and _Nature_ as you have +laid it down at first, pursuant to this you would have represented to +us, in the Characters you have drawn, a Young Girl born of honest but +mean Parents, who by some Means or other had procured for their only +surviving Child a Place in a Lady of Fashion's Family, where her +Education and growing Beauty just at her blooming Age, by the Death of +her old Lady, left her a warm Temptation to a succeeding Heir, who had +joined all the Prejudices of modern polite Education to the insulting +Affluence of Fortune; he accordingly among his deceased Mother's +Treasure finds this beauteous Virgin, and thinking that his Fortune +might or juvenile Gaiety attract her an easy devoted Prey to his amorous +Inclinations, he tries all Arts to seduce her thereto, but finding them +all ineffectual, he at last flies even to Threats and Anger to force her +to gratify a then raging brutal Passion which became too fierce to be +endured, and too predominant to be stifled or overcome, and in order to +bring her to Compliance, he is guilty of the basest Treachery and +Perfidiousness; for instead of letting her return in Safety to her +Father and Mother as he had promised her, and which more speciously to +make her believe, he complements her with his own Chariot to carry her, +but at the same Time gives private Orders to his Servants to convey her +far from the Place she desires to go to, there to be immur'd like a +Prisoner, and all this in Hopes of forcing her into Compliance. There +commited to the safe Custody of a _Swiss_, and one that is nothing +better than an _old Bawd_; there a thousand Difficulties surround her, +the poor artless Maid still unacquainted with Love, and all it's little +Artifices, here lights of a Minister, who professing a Value and Esteem +For her, undertakes at the Hazard and Expence of his own Welfare and +Subsistence to engage in her Cause and procure her Liberty; but meeting +with a severe Disappointment even to his then seeming utter Ruin, the +Design proves abortive, and the poor Girl is still left to further and +terrible Trials of her Chastity; 'till at last overcomeing all, she +captivates her Tyrant, binds him in _soft Fetters of Love_, when he only +means to enslave her in _Chains of Lust_. Thus by a quick Transition +from a Servant Maid, she becomes the lawful Mistress of the Dwelling she +so lately waited in; and is supposed to give as excellent Example as a +_Wife_, as she gave of _Chastity_ as a Maid. And _thus is Virtue +Rewarded_. + +The most sanguine of your Admirers could not, I fancy, more inpartially +state the Case, as it has been represented by them in your Behalf. Now +let us examine what is the Opinion of as many on the other Side. Their +first great Charge, is, that in the narrative Part of her Letters, you +have interspersed too many Scenes that directly tend to inflame the +Minds of Youth: Next, that _Pamela_ instead of being artless and +innocent sets out at first with as much Knowledge of the Arts of the +Town, as if she had been born and bred in _Covent_ Garden, all her Life +Time; that your fine Gentleman does not come up to the Character you +would fain have him be thought to assume, that his Sister Lady _Davers_, +is little better than a downright _Billingsgate_, and her poor Lord is +the only one who meets with Pity. That Mrs. _Jewkes_ might take +_Colbrand_ with her and set up in a House somewhere in the Purlieus of +_St. Giles_, while honest Mother _Jervis_ might marry _Jonathan_, and +perhaps be promoted to a little Inn of Squire _B_'s in the Country, even +that Mrs. _Pamela_ stopp'd at in her Journey to the _Lincolnshire_ +Estate. Thus, Sir, do many enter into Conversation with the Character of +Men of Taste and Pleasantry, find Fault in Opposition to the exuberant +Praises bestow'd on _Pamela_ by others. + +I however was much more pleas'd for my own Part with the Opinion of a +stay'd sober Gentleman, who was then call'd upon to declare his +Sentiments, tho' I don't send it to you as an Extract from a _Curious +Letter_, neither was it submitted to him, as a Gentleman of the MOST +distinguish'd Taste and Abilities. But to the best of my Remembrance he +express'd himself something like the following Manner. + +I don't approve, said he, of the _Extravagancies_ which People have run +into on both sides of the Question in regard to _Pamela_, neither of +those who have cried it up as a Masterpiece in its Kind and the most +perfect Thing that ever was published; nor of those who depreciate it as +the most insignificant Trifle they ever met with, and hardly worth +Notice, on the contrary, I think it is very artfully work'd up, and the +Passions so strongly touch'd that it is impossible for Youth to read it +without Sympathy, and even wishing themselves in such a Situation, which +must be attended with very bad Consequences. _Pamela_ under the Notion +of being a Virtuous Modest Girl will be introduced into all Families, +and when she gets there, what Scenes does she represent? Why a fine +young Gentleman endeavouring to debauch a beautiful Girl of Sixteen. The +Advances are regular, and the amorous Conflicts so agreeably and warmly +depicted, that the young Gentleman Reader will at the best be tempted to +rehearse some of the same Scenes with some _Pamela_ or other in the +Family, and the Modest Young Lady can never read the Description of +Naked Breasts being run over with the Hand, and Kisses given with such +Eagerness that they cling to the Lips; but her own soft Breasts must +heave at the Idea and secretly sigh for the same Pressure; what then can +she do when she comes to the closer Struggles of the Bed, where the +tender Virgin lies panting and exposed, if not to the last Conquest, +(which I think the Author hath barely avoided) at least to all the +Liberties which ungoverned Hands of a determined Lover must be supposed +to take? If she is contented with only wishing for the same Trial to +shew the Steadiness of her Virtue it is sufficient; but if Nature should +be too powerful, as Nature at Sixteen is a very formidable Enemy tho' +Shame and the Censure of the World may restrain her from openly +gratifying the criminal Thought, yet she privately may seek Remedies +which may drive her to the most unnatural Excesses. + +This then, said he, in short is my Opinion of _Pamela_; that the _Story_ +is prettily related, the _Passions_ finely wrought up, and the +_Catastrophe_ beautifully concluded, but in the Course of the Narrative, +and almost interspersed throughout the Whole, there are such _Scenes_ of +_Love_, and such _lewd Ideas_, as must fill the Youth that read them +with _Sentiments_ and _Desires_ worse than ROCHESTER can, and for this +Reason, they will start at a gross Expression, which if nicely and +artfully convey'd they'll dwell on with Rapture. Therefore I think it +wholly _unfit_ for _Youth_, and declare freely I would by no Means trust +my _Daughters_ with reading it. + +This Gentleman's Opinion induced me to read over your _Pamela_, and I +really find it too true: There is a perfect System of Intrigue, and +they begin so gently by Degrees, and are led on so methodically to the +last Grand Attack, and this with amorous Attacks in View, even thro' the +gravest Sentences of Morality that it is impossible to read it without +endeavouring to gratify the Passion he hath raised; let us view _Pamela_ +then, divested of the Drapery in which she is enclos'd, tho' not hid, +and then her Charms will appear thus: The wise Father will never think +it proper for his Son's Closet, and the careful Mother banish that with +other Novels and Romances from her Daughter's Cabinet. + +_PAMELA_ begins from the Death of her Lady, and tho' she gives the +Narrative in her own Person, yet let us take it as a Tale only, without +any Consideration had to it's being epistolary, and the loose Images +will be the more connected, and glare the stronger; which Mr. Editor, +that I may not misrepresent, I will quote in your own Words, and make +Remarks on them as they occur. + +The young Gentleman coming to take Possession of his Treasure, finds +this young Virgin among it, the good old Gentlewoman, on her Death-bed, +recommends her to his Care with one Design, and he receives her with +quite another. Here's a fine Field open'd for a luscious Tale, the Game +is started, and the Author like a staunch Sportsman never once loses +Sight;----Mr. _B._ begins very tenderly: After a little Toying, Kissing, +_&c._ he makes Miss a Present of several fine Things, and here, says the +Author, I'll just give my Readers a soft Touch to see how they will +entertain amorous Reflections; _p._ 12. "I was inwardly ashamed to take +the Stockens; for Mrs. _Jervis_ was not there; If she had, it would have +been nothing. I believe I received them very awkwardly; for he smiled at +my Awkwardness, and said, _Don't blush_, Pamela: _Dost think I don't +know pretty Maids wear Shoes and Stockens?_" Yes, to be sure, and +Garters and Stomachers and Smocks,----but ola! little Miss would have +cried, that's a Pah Word, and my Mamma wont let me read such naughty +Books! + +Well! the young Gentleman grows a little bolder, his Sister indeed the +good Lady _Davers_! She thinks the poor Girl is designed to be ruin'd: +And she does no more to prevent it then shake her Head and cry, _Ah +Brother!_ Now Miss is at Work in the Summer House, and let us see the +Interview, I assure you the Scene rises a little, and the _innocent +Girl_ appears mighty skillful; p. 17, 18. "I saw some Reason to +_suspect_; for he would _look upon me_, whenever he saw me, _in such a +manner as shew'd not well_; and at last he came to me, as I was in the +Summer-house in the little Garden, at work with my Needle, and Mrs. +_Jervis_ was just gone from me; and I would have gone out; but he said, +No, don't go, _Pamela_; I have something to say to you; and you always +fly me, when I come near you, as if you were afraid of me. I was much +out of Countenance, you may well think; but said at last, It does not +become your poor Servant to stay in your Presence, Sir, without your +Business requir'd it; and I hope I shall always know my Place. Well, +says he, my Business does require it sometimes, and I have a Mind you +should stay to hear what I have to say to you. I stood all-confounded, +and began to tremble, and the more when he took me by the Hand; for now +no Soul was near us. My Sister _Davers_, said he (and seem'd, I thought, +to be as much at a Loss for Words as I) would have had you live with +_her_; but she would not do for you what I am resolved to do, if you +continue faithful and obliging. What say'st thou, my Girl? said he, with +some Eagerness; had'st thou not better stay with me, than go to my +Sister _Davers_? _He look'd so_, as fill'd me with Affrightment; _I +don't know how_; wildly, I thought. I said, when I could speak, Your +Honour will forgive me; but as you have no Lady for me to wait upon, and +my good Lady has been now dead this Twelvemonth, I had rather, if it +would not displease you, wait upon Lady _Davers_, _because_--I was +proceeding, and he said a little hastily _Because_ you are a little +Fool, and know not what's good for yourself. I tell you, I will make a +Gentlewoman of you, if you'll be obliging, and don't stand in your own +Light, and so saying, _he put his Arm about me and kiss'd me_! Now you +will say, all his Wickedness appear'd plainly. I _struggled, and +trembled_, and was so benumb'd with Terror, _that I sunk down, not in a +Fit, and yet not myself; and I found myself in his Arms, quite void of +Strength; and he kissed me two or three times, with frightful +Eagerness_.----At last I burst from him, and was getting out of the +Summer House; but he held me back, and shut the Door." He then bids her +have done blubbering, and offers her some Money. After this Miss is +afraid to lie alone, and wants a Confidante. Well good Mrs. _Jervis_ to +be sure is glad of the Offer, and some Time passes 'till the 'Squire +comes to Town again. And here the Author (fearing least his Male Readers +should have no Entertainment, the former being more adapted to improve +the Female,) contrives to give us an Idea of _Pamela_'s hidden Beauties, +and very decently to spread her upon the Floor, for all who will peep +thro' the Door to surfeit on the Sight; but first takes care to put them +in Life by a Flurry lest they should appear too dead and languid: _p._ +30. "At last he came in again, but, alas! with Mischief in his heart! +and raising me up, he, said, Rise, _Pamela_, rise; you are your own +Enemy. Your perverse Folly will be your Ruin; I tell you this, that I am +very much displeased with the Freedoms you have taken with my Name to my +House-keeper, as also to your Father and Mother; and you may as well +have _real_ Cause to take these Freedoms with me, as to make my Name +suffer for _imaginary_ ones. And saying so, he offered _to take me on +his Knee, with some Force_. O how I was terrify'd! I said, like as I had +read in a Book a Night or two before, Angels, and Saints, and all the +Host of Heaven, defend me! And may I never survive one Moment, that +fatal one in which I shall forfeit my Innocence. Pretty Fool! said he, +how will you forfeit your Innocence, if you are oblig'd to yield to a +Force you cannot withstand? Be easy, said he; for let the worse happen +that can, _you'll_ have the Merit, and I the Blame; and it will be a +Subject for Letters to your Father and Mother, and a Tale in the Bargain +for Mrs. _Jervis_. He by Force kissed my Neck and Lips; Who even blamed +_Lucretia_, but the _Ravisher_ only? And I am content to take all the +Blame upon me; as I have all ready born too great a Share for what I +have deservd. May I, said I, _Lucretia_ like, justify myself with my +Death, if I am used barbarously? O my good Girl! said he, tauntingly, +you are well read, I see; and we shall make out between us, before we +have done, a pretty Story in Romance, I warrant ye. He then put his Hand +in my Bosom, and the Indignation gave me double Strength, and I got +loose from him by a sudden Spring, and ran out of the Room and the next +Chamber being open, I made shift to get into it, and threw-to the Door; +and the Key being of the Inside, it locked; but he followed me so close, +he got hold of my Gown, and tore a Piece off, which hung without the +Door. I just remember I got into the Room; for I knew nothing further of +the Matter till afterwards; for I fell into a Fit with my Fright and +Terror, _and there I lay, till he, as I suppose, looking through the +Key-hole,_ SPY'D ME LYING ALL ALONG UPON THE FLOOR, STRETCH'D OUT AT MY +LENGTH; and then he call'd Mrs. _Jervis_ to me, who, by his Assistance, +bursting open the Door, he went away, I seeming to be coming to myself; +and bid her say nothing of the Matter, if she was wise. Poor Mrs. +_Jervis_ thought it was worse." + +Was not the Squire very modest to withdraw? for she lay in such a pretty +Posture that Mrs. _Jervis thought it was worse_, and Mrs. _Jervis_ was +a Woman of Discernment; but however _Pamela_ did no more than what +Ladies of Fashion do to their Footmen every Morning, shew herself in +Dishabille or so. + +The Young Lady by thus discovering a few latent Charms, as the snowy +Complexion of her Limbs, and the beautiful Symmetry and Proportion which +a Girl of about fifteen or sixteen must be supposed to shew by tumbling +backwards, after being put in a Flurry by her Lover, and agitated to a +great Degree takes her smelling Bottle, has her Laces cut, and all the +pretty little necessary Things that the most luscious and warm +Description can paint, or the fondest Imagination conceive. How artfully +has the Author introduced an Image that no Youth can read without +Emotion! The Idea of peeping thro' a Key-hole to see a fine Woman +extended on a Floor in a Posture that must naturally excite Passions of +Desire, may indeed be read by one in his _grand Climacteric_ without +ever wishing to see one in the same Situation, but the Editor of +_Pamela_ directs himself to the _Youth_ of both Sexes, therefore all the +Instruction they can possibly receive from this Passage is, first to the +young Men that the more they endeavour to find out the hidden Beauties +of their Mistresses, the more they must approve them; and for that +Purpose all they have to do, is, to move them by some amorous Dalliance +to give them a _transient View_ of the _Pleasure_ they are afterwards to +reap from the _beloved Object_. And Secondly, to the young Ladies that +whatever Beauties they discover to their Lovers, provided they grant not +the last Favour, they only ensure their Admirers the more; and by a +Glimpse of Happiness captivate their Suitor the better. So that a young +Lover in order to encourage his _growing Virtue_ is not to blame to see +his Mistress in her Shift, nor the young Lady to permit it, if she can +discreetly do it so as not to let him think she is sensible of it, 'tis +as much as to say, ye Rakes! Raise the Inclination of the Girls 'till +they can scarce refuse complying, then let them fly from ye to their +Chambers, and there reveal in private to your longing Sight the Beauties +which upon no Account they would openly entertain ye with. + +The lovely, the innocent _Pamela_, after her Master had seen her like _a +new born Venus rising from the Waves_, as one of the Poets expresses it, +seems to know nothing of the Matter, and yet with all the Inconsistence +imaginable expresses herself as cunningly and knowing upon the Subject +as the best bred Town Lass of them all could have done: The Squire +offers her Money, which she refuses; and in her Conversation with Mrs. +_Jervis_, upon that Head, she expresses herself thus: _p._ 41. "After +such Offers, and such Threatnings, and his comparing himself to a wicked +Ravisher, in the very Time of his last Offer; and making a Jest of me, +that we should make a pretty Story in Romance; can I stay, and be safe? +Has he not demean'd him self twice? And it behoves me to beware of the +third Time, for fear he should lay his Snares surer; for mayhap he did +not expect a poor Servant would resist her Master so much. And must it +not be look'd upon as a sort of Warrant for such Actions, if I stay +after this? For I think, when one of our Sex finds she is attempted, it +is an Encouragement to a Person to proceed, if one puts one's self in +the Way of it, when one can help it; and it shews one can forgive what +in short ought, _not_ to be forgiven: Which is no small Countenance to +foul Actions, I'll assure you." + +Yet notwithstanding all this, her _Virtue_ is only founded on _Shame_, +and she seems to imply that could she be secure from the Censure of the +World she would not hesitate to commit the Sin, _p._ 44. "Well, but, +Mrs. _Jervis_, said I, let me ask you, if he can stoop to like such a +poor Girl as I, as perhaps he may (for I have read of Things almost as +strange, from great Men to poor Damsels) What can it be _for_?--He may +condescend, mayhap, to think I may be good enough for his Harlot; and +those Things don't disgrace Men, that ruin poor Women, as the World +goes. And so, if I was wicked enough, he would keep me till I was +undone, and 'till his Mind changed; for even wicked Men, I have read, +soon grow weary of Wickedness of _one_ Sort, and love _Variety_. Well +then, poor _Pamela_ must be turn'd off, and look'd upon as a vile +abandon'd Creature, and every body would despise her; ay, and _justly_ +too, Mrs. _Jervis_; for she that can't keep her Virtue, ought to live in +Disgrace." Fine Instruction truly! That is, My Master lik'd me, he would +have made a Harlot of me, but then if I should consent, he may be tired +perhaps in a Month or two, or meet with Somebody he likes better, then +poor _Pamela_ will be turn'd off, and the World will call her a Fool. + +I must now address you Sir, as Author and acknowledge that your Skill in +Intrigue is most apparent, not content with permitting us to fill our +Fancy with the naked Charms of the lovely _Pamela_, luxuriant in your +Art, you contrive to give us her Picture in a simple rural Dress; the +Squire fir'd at the View of those lovely Limbs is still kept warm by +Variety, and, cloath'd in a Disguise, they are again to attack him in +another Shape: She, who could charm so much in a loose Undress on the +Floor, must doubtless keep that Ardour still alive, dress'd in the +unaffected Embellishments of a neat Country Girl. And tho' the _Servant +Maid_ might fail to please, the _Farmer's Daughter_ must inevitably +catch the _Country Squire_; yet how artfully is this _Masquerade_ +introduced! The poor Girl for not complying at once to his Request, is +threaten'd to be turn'd away, and accordingly to go Home to her Father +and Mother, in a Condition agreeable to theirs, dresses herself in the +most alluring Habit that her Circumstances will afford: p. 63. "I +trick'd myself up as well as I could in my Garb, and put on my +round-ear'd Cap; _but with a green Knot however_, and my home-spun Gown +and Petticoat, and plain-leather Shoes; but yet they are what they call +_Spanish_ Leather, and my ordinary Hose, ordinary I mean to what I have +been lately used to; tho' I shall think good Yarn may do very well for +every Day, when I come home. A plain Muslin Tucker I put on, and my +black Silk Necklace, instead of the _French_ Necklace my Lady gave me; +and put the Ear-rings out of my Ears; and when I was quite 'quipp'd, I +took my Straw Hat in my Hand, with its two blue Strings, and look'd +about me in the Glass, as proud as any thing----To say Truth, I never +lik'd myself so well in my Life." + +_PAMELA_ is now become a beautiful young Rustic, each latent Grace, and +every blooming Charm is called forth to wound, not in affected Finery, +but in an artful Simplicity; nor is your Conduct less, Sir, in +introducing her to the Squire: Beauties that might grow familiar to the +Eye and pall upon the Passion by being often seen in one Habit, thus +varied take a surer Aim to strike.----The Instruction here then is to +the _Ladies_, that by altering their Appearance they are more likely to +catch their Lover's Affections than by being always the same; and that a +neat cherry cheek'd Country Lass tripping along with a Straw Hat in her +Hand may _allure_, when perhaps a pale faced Court Lady might be +_despised_; and I dare say, that no young Gentleman who reads this, but +wishes himself in Mrs. _Jervis_'s Place to _turn_ Pamela _about and +about and examine all her Dress to her under Petticoat_. + +The next Thing is how to introduce her to the Squire, and in that Mrs. +_Jervis_ is as decently drawn in for a Procuress as can be; he sees her +talking with Mrs. _Jervis_, and thinking her to be a _fresh Lady_, sends +for Mrs. _Jervis_ to him, who notwithstanding she would do all she can +to preserve the Maiden's Virtue, yet insists upon her going to him in +her new Garb, tho' she must certainly know it could only tend to +_inflame_ his Desire the more, and urge him to still greater Liberties: +_p._ 65, 66: "She stept to me, and told me, I must go in with her to my +Master; but, said she, for Goodness sake, let him not find you out; for +he don't know you. O fie, Mrs. _Jervis_, said I, how could you serve me +so? Besides, it looks too free both _in me_, and _to him_. I tell you, +said she, you _shall_ come in; and pray don't reveal yourself till he +finds you out. So I went in, foolish as I was; tho' I must have been +seen by him another Time, if I had not then. And she would make me take +my Straw-hat in my Hand. I dropt a low Curt'sy, but said never a Word. I +dare say, he knew me as soon as he saw my Face; but was as cunning as +_Lucifer_. He came up to me, and took me by the Hand, and said, whose +pretty Maiden are you?--I dare say you are _Pamela_'s Sister, you are so +like her. So neat, so clean, so pretty! Why, Child, you far surpass your +Sister _Pamela_! I was all Confusion, and would have spoken, but he took +me about the Neck; Why, said he, you are very pretty, Child; I would not +be so free with your Sister, you may believe; but I must kiss you. O +Sir, said I, I am _Pamela_, indeed I am _Pamela_, _her ownself_! He +kissed me for all I could do; and said, Impossible! You are a lovelier +Girl by half than _Pamela_; and sure I may be innocently free with you, +tho' I would not do her so much Favour. This was a sad Bite upon me +indeed, and what I could not expect; and Mrs. _Jervis_ look'd like a +Fool as much as I, for her Officiousness. At last I got away, and ran +out of the Parlour, _most sadly vex'd, as you may well think_." + +This occasioned an Emotion in him, which is admirably described, but in +a Piece designed only to encourage Virtue, no ways necessary to be +introduced: _p._ 67. "He then took me in his Arms, and presently push'd +me from him. Mrs. _Jervis_, said he, take the little Witch from me; I +can neither bear, nor forbear her! (Strange Words these!)--But stay, you +shan't go! Yet begone!--No, come back again. I thout he was mad, for my +Share; for he _knew not what he would have_. But I was going however, +and he stept after me, and took hold of my Arm, and brought me in again: +I am sure he made my Arm black and blue; for the Marks are upon it +still. Sir, Sir, said I, pray have Mercy; I will, I will come in! He sat +down, and _look'd at me_, and, as I thought afterwards, as sillily as +such a poor Girl as I." + +Nat. _Lee's fiery Kisses_, _melting Raptures_, and the most luxuriant +Flowers of amorous Rhetoric cannot more fully express the Onset of a +declining stifled Passion kindled anew; the warm Struggle, the sudden +Grasp, and the languishing Eye can hardly be painted in stronger Terms: +And tho' I think it beautiful Colouring, yet I should be sorry my Son or +Daughter should be delighted with it. What follows this, is what any one +might expect, the Squire, fired with this View of his _Pamela_, grows +more eager to accomplish his Designs; but least the Reader should +mistake the Purport of the Author, he takes Care to inform them of it by +the Mouth of Mrs. _Jervis_: p. 73, 74. "Upon my Word, says she, +_Pamela_, I don't wonder he loves you; for, without Flattery, you are a +charming Girl! and I never saw you look more lovely in my Life, than in +that same new Dress of yours. And then it was such a Surprize upon us +all!----I believe truly, you owe some of your Danger to the lovely +_Appearance_ you made." + +Squire _B._ supposed to be quite impatient, as I observed before, had +now resolved to have a last Trial; and for that Purpose concealed +himself in the Room where _Pamela_ lay; _p._ 71. "I went to Mrs. +_Jervis_'s Chamber; and, O my dear Father and Mother, my wicked Master +had hid himself, base Gentleman as he is! In her Closet, where she has a +few Books, and Chest of Drawers, and such-like. I little suspected it; +tho' I used, till this sad Night, always to look into that Closet, +another in the Room, and under the Bed, ever since the Summer House +Trick, but never found any Thing; and so I did not do it then, being +fully resolved to be angry with Mrs. _Jervis_ for what had happened in +the Day, and so thought of nothing else. I sat myself down on one Side +of the Bed, and she on the other, and we began to undress ourselves." A +very fine Instruction this Passage must give us truly! Here he again is +to feast his Eyes with her naked Charms, and wait but a little longer +before he rushes out to seize them as his own: _p._ 74. "Hush! said I, +Mrs. _Jervis_, did you not hear something stir in the Closet? No, silly +Girl! said she; your Fears are always awake.----But indeed, said I, I +think I heard something rustle.----May-be, says she, the Cat may be got +there: But I hear nothing. I was hush, but she said, Pr'ythee, my good +Girl, make haste to-bed. See if the Door be fast. So I did, and was +thinking to look in the Closet; but hearing no more Noise, thought it +needless, and so went again and sat myself down on the Bed-side, and +went on undressing myself. And Mrs. _Jervis_, being by this Time +undress'd, stepp'd into Bed, and bid me hasten, for she was sleepy. I +don't know what was the Matter; but my Heart sadly misgave me; but Mr. +_Jonathan_'s Note was enough to make it do so, with what Mrs. _Jervis_ +had said. _I pulled off my Stays and my Stockens; and all my Cloaths to +an Under Petticoat_; and then hearing a rustling in the Closet; I said, +Heaven protect us! but before I say my Prayers, I must look into the +Closet. And so was going to it slip-shod, when, O dreadful! out rush'd +my Master, in a rich silk and silver Morning Gown. I scream'd, and ran +to the Bed; and Mrs. _Jervis_ scream'd too; and he said, I'll do you no +Harm, if you forbear this Noise; but otherwise take what follows: +Instantly he came to the Bed, (for I had crept into it, to Mrs. +_Jervis_, with my Coat on, and my Shoes) and, taking me in his Arms, +said, Mrs. _Jervis_, rise, and just step up Stairs, to keep the Maids +from coming down at this Noise; I'll do no Harm to this Rebel." + +Here the lovely Nymph is undress'd in her Bed Chamber, without Reserve, +and doing a Hundred little Actions, which every one's Fancy must help +him to form who reads this Passage, and in the Midst of all this, the +Squire is introduced: And however she and Mrs. _Jervis_ may endeavour to +keep down the _Under Petticoat_, yet few Youths but would secretly wish +to be in the Squire's Place, and naturally conclude they would not let +the Nymph escape so easily.--Now the Scene rises, the Colours begin to +glow and rise to the Life: _p._ 75. "_I found his Hand in my Bosom_, and +when my Fright let me know it, _I was ready to die; and I sigh'd, and +screamed, and fainted away_. And still he had his Arms about my Neck; +and Mrs. _Jervis_ was about my Feet, and upon my Coat. And all in a cold +clammy Sweat was I. _Pamela! Pamela!_ said Mrs. _Jervis_, as she tells +me since, O--h, and gave another Shriek, my poor _Pamela_ is dead for +certain!--And so, to be sure I was for a Time; _for I knew nothing more +of the Matter_, one Fit following another, till about three Hours after, +as it prov'd to be, I found myself in Bed, and Mrs. _Jervis_ sitting up +on one Side, with her Wrapper about her, and _Rachel_ on the other." +_Feeling of the Breasts, fainting, and dying away_, may, in your +Opinion, Sir, be Excitements to _Virtue_, but they are too VIRTUOUS a +Description in my Mind for any young untainted Mind to peruse. + +Miss after this is ill, and when she had _blubber'd_, and cried three or +four Days, the Squire to bring her to herself, and allure her Fancy, +takes care to shew himself to her in all the Advantages of Dress and +Finery; _p._ 81. 'Yesterday he had a rich Suit of Cloaths brought home, +which they call a Birth-day Suit.' Here is the Contraste to _Pamela_'s +plain Neatness, he had found that her amiable Figure had caused fresh +Emotions in him, and consequently he imagined his must have the same +Effect on her. _p._ 81. 'He had these Cloaths come home, and he try'd +them on. And before he pull'd them off, he sent for me, when nobody else +was in the Parlor with him: _Pamela_, said he, you are so neat and so +nice in your own Dress, (Alack-a-day, I did'n't know I was!) that you +must be a Judge of ours. How are these Cloaths made? Do they fit me? I +am no Judge, said I, and please your Honour; but I think they look very +fine. His Waistcoat stood an End with Gold Lace, and he look'd very +grand.' + +And at the same Time that he endeavours to charm her with his own +Person, he as artfully allures her with the most fulsome Flattery: _p._ +83. 'Well, said he, you are an ungrateful Baggage; but I am thinking it +would be Pity, with _these soft Hands_, and that _lovely Skin_, (as he +called it, and took hold of my Hand) that you should again return to +hard Work, as you must, if you go to your Father's; and so _I would +advise her to take a House in_ London, _and let Lodgings to us Members +of Parliament_, when we come to Town; and such a _pretty Daughter_ as +you may pass for, will always _fill her House_, and she'll get a great +deal of Money.' + +This Compliment was a little of the grossest for a fine Gentleman! But +the Heightening is still behind: After some little tart Repartees and +Sallies aiming at Wit, the Author seems to indulge his Genius with all +the Rapture of lascivious Ingenuity: _p._ 84, 85. 'I wish, said he, +(I'am almost ashamed to write it, _impudent Gentleman_) I wish, I had +thee as QUICK ANOTHER WAY, as thou art in thy Repartees.----And he +laugh'd, and I snatch'd my Hands from him, and I tripp'd away as fast I +could. _Ah! thought I marry'd?_ I'm sure _'tis Time you were married_, +or at this Rate no honest Maiden ought to live with you!' Here's Virtue +encouraged with a Vengeance and the most obscene Idea express'd by a +double Entendre, which falls little short of the coarsest Ribaldry; yet +_Pamela_ is designed to _mend_ the _Taste_ and _Manners_ of the Times, +and _instruct_ and _encourage Youth in Virtue_; if that were the Case +there was no absolute Necessity in my Opinion for the inserting of this +Passage. How artfully is the Turn of the Entendre wrought up for the +INSTRUCTION of both _Sexes_. The young Gentleman will find the Squir's +Wish to be, that his beloved _Pamela_ would quite the _cold Air_ of a +reserved Modesty, immediately yield to his Wishes, and meet him in an +_amorous Conflict_, with all the _Vivacity_ that simple Nature +unrestrain'd by Art could inspire. And little Miss, who just begins to +sigh and wish for she knows not what, will be encouraged to wish for a +Husband, and think a _double Entendre_ strictly virtuous, even tho' it +turns upon the _Closet Commerce_ between the Sexes: And should any one +intrusted with her Education inform her that she is in the Wrong, or +strive to check the rising Passion; may she not pertly answer. _Why +sure! There's no Harm in it, for_ Pamela _does so; there are several +such Things in that_ good Book, _and my_ Mother _recommended me to the +reading of it, nay, and the_ Parson _says it is the_ best Book in the +World _except the_ Bible. + +Miss _Pamela_ tho' very angry with her Master, yet in some Measure seems +to be very fond of excusing him: 'He's very wicked indeed, says she, but +then there are others as bad, 'tis Time he was married truely; for he +grows so rampant he'll overrun the Parish else, but if he does there are +others that will keep him in Countenance; there's Squire _Martin_ he +keeps a Seraglio of his own, and has had _three Lyings in_, it seems, in +his House, within these three Months; and several more of my Master's +Companions who are as bad as he. Alack a day! What a World we live in! +It is grown more Wonder that Men are _resisted_ than that Women +_comply_.' Indeed Mr. _Pamela_ is very discerning of her Age! + +Mrs. _Jervis_ notwithstanding her motherly Goodness, seems still to be +Procuress in Ordinary, though indeed she doth not prove so pac'd an One +as Mrs. _Jewkes_ doth afterwards; but wou'd any sober Matron after what +Attempts have been made before, ever so far comply with the loose +Inclinations of her Master as to introduce him into a Closet to overhear +a private Conversation and her Charge? But the _five Guineas_ the Squire +gave her upon closing her yearly Accounts seem to have soften'd her a +little more to his Interest, for in _p._ 95. she conveys him into the +Green Room, where was a Sash Door and a Curtain conveniently that he +might both hear and see, tho' _Pamela_ confesses _she had reason to +remember the last Closet Work_. + +Her harmless Tattle o'er her Things whilst she was seperating them from +those she intended to leave behind her, but added fresh Fuel to the +Squire's Flame; and here he first takes Heart to make an Open +Declaration of his Love. _p._ 102, 103. 'He took me up, in a kinder +manner, than ever I had known; and he said, Shut the Door, _Pamela_, and +come to me in my Closet: I want to have a little serious Talk with you. +How can I, Sir, said I, how can I? and wrung my Hands! O pray, Sir, let +me go out of your Presence, I beseech you. By the God that made me, said +he, I'll do you no harm, Shut the Parlour-door, and come to me in my +Library. He then went into his Closet, which is his Library, and full of +rich Pictures besides; a noble Apartment, tho' called a Closet, and next +the private Garden, into which it has a Door that opens. I shut the +Parlour-door, as he bid me; but stood at it irresolute. Place some +Confidence in me surely, said he, you may, when I have spoken thus +solemnly. So I crept towards him with trembling Feet, and my Heart +throbing through my Handkerchief. Come in, said he, when I bid you. I +did so. Pray, Sir, said I, pity and spare me. I will said he, as I hope +to be sav'd. He sat down upon a rich Settee; and took hold of my Hand, +and said, Don't doubt me, _Pamela_. From this Moment I will no more +consider you as my Servant; and I desire you'll not use me with +Ingratitude for the Kindness I am going to express towards you. This a +little embolden'd me; and he said, holding both my Hands in his, You +have too much Wit and good Sense not to discover, that I, inspite of my +Heart, and all the Pride of it, cannot _but love you_. Yes, look up to +me, my sweet-fac'd Girl! I must say I love you; and have put on a +Behaviour to you, that was much against my Heart, in hopes to frighten +you to my Purposes. You see I own it ingenously.' + +By this Means he perswades the Maid to stay a Fortnight longer, and then +Parson _Williams_ is first introduced: Thinks he if I can debauch this +Girl 'tis but marrying her to my Chaplain afterwards, giving him a good +Living and all's right; and this he brings in with an Offer of Fifty +Guineas. However all will not do and she is to go away when she pleases; +upon which melancholy occasion Miss must grow poetical and entertain us +with a Ditty. + +The Squire's Intrigues, the Author has laid the Scene of himself; which +take in his own Words: _p._ 114, 115. 'Here it is necessary to observe, +that the fair _Pamela_'s Trials were not yet over; but the worst of all +were yet to come, at a Time when she thought them at an End, and that +she was returning to her Father: For when her Master found that her +Virtue was not to be subdu'd, and he had in vain tried to conquer his +Passion for her, _being a Gentleman of Intrigue_, he had order'd his +_Lincolnshire_ Coachman to bring his travelling Chariot from thence, not +caring to trust his Body Coachman, who, with the rest of the Servants, +so greatly lov'd and honour'd the fair Damsel; and having given him +Instructions accordingly, and prohibited his other Servants, on Pretence +of resenting _Pamela_'s Behaviour, from accompanying her any Part of the +Way, he drove her Five Miles on the Way to her Father's; and then +turning off, cross'd the Country, and carried her onward towards his +_Lincolnshire_ Estate. It is also to be observ'd, that the Messenger of +her Letters to her Father, who so often pretended Business that Way, was +an Implement in his Master's Hands, and employ'd by him for that +Purpose; and who always gave her Letters first to him, and his Master +used to open and read them, and then send them on.' + +Not to mention the little Occurrences upon the Road, the _Chaste_ +Discourse at the Inn, her Interview with Mrs. _Jewkes_, &c. we now +transpose the Scene from _Bedfordshire_ to the Mansion House in +_Lincolnshire_, where the poor Turtle is now coop'd up; and certainly it +must be allowed, that the Author has contrived to heighten his _Amorous +Tale_ by just Degrees, so as at once to court the Expectation, and raise +the glowing Passions 'till it is almost impossible but they must burst +forth in a Blaze. + +Mrs. _Jewkes_ enters into the Business with all the Assurance of an +experienc'd Bawd. It was contrived that Miss should bait at an Inn upon +the Road, kept by her Sister, and there Mrs. _Jewkes_ receives her fair +Charge: p. 136. 'The naughty Woman came up to me with an Air of +Confidence, and _kiss'd me_: See, Sister, said she, here's a _charming +Creature_! Would she not tempt the best Lord in the Land to run away +with her? O frightful! thought I; here's an Avowal of the Matter at +once: I am now gone, that's certain. And so was quite silent and +confounded; and seeing no Help for it, (for she would not part with me +out of her Sight) I was forc'd to set out with her in the Chariot.' + +Her behaviour there was a Piece with the first Onset; _p._ 137. 'Every +now and then she would be _staring in my Face_, in the Chariot, and +_squeezing my Hand_, and saying, Why you are very pretty, my silent +Dear! And once she offer'd to kiss me. But I said, I don't like this +Sort of Carriage, Mrs. _Jewkes_; _it is not like two Persons of one +Sex_. She fell a laughing very confidently, and said, That's prettily +said, _I vow! Then thou hadst rather be kiss'd by the other Sex? +"Isackins, I commend thee for that"!_' There are at present, I am sorry +to say it, too many who assume the Characters of Women of Mrs. +_Jewkes_'s Cast, I mean _Lovers of their own Sex_, _Pamela_ seems to be +acquainted with this, and indeed shews so much Virtue, that she has no +Objection to the Male Sex as too many of her own have. + +_Pamela_ begins now to shew her Skill in Intrigue. It is a trite +Observation, that Confinement and Restraint will drive a Woman to the +most desperate Applications for a Remedy. She is lock'd up, and no +_Spanish Lady_ whatever could be closer confined by the most watchful +_Duenna_; but Miss comforts herself that she shall be too hard for them +all: _p._ 157. 'Well, thought I, I hope still, _Argus_, to be too hard +for thee. Now _Argus_, the Poets say, had an Hundred Eyes, and was made +to watch with them all, as she does.' The Parson here is brought upon +the Tapis, and instead of the _harmless Dove_ hatching Piety and +Affection, he enters into his Patron's Affairs with so much affected +Business, as makes him rather a _Medlar_ than a _Friend_. A fine +Complement to the Clergy by the Way! + +Mrs. _Jewkes_ takes all Opportunities of insinuating her Master's _good +Qualities_, but especially his Manhood, and _Pamela_ seems as desirous +of hearing of them: _p._ 163. 'Well, well, Lambkin, (which the Foolish +often calls me) if I was in his Place, he should not have his Property +in you long questionable. Why, what would you do, said I, if you were +he?----_Not stand shill-I, shall-I, as he does; but put you and himself +both out of your Pain._' + +After a long Series of Intrigue carried on between her and the Parson, +to no Purpose, but to swell _the Grain of Mustard Seed_ to _Two +Volumes_, a Swiss is introduced as an Assistant Guard, and Miss then +begins to dream: _p._ 221. 'I dream'd they were both coming to my +Bed-side, with the worst Designs; and I jump'd out of Bed in my Sleep, +and frighted Mrs. _Jewkes_; 'till, waking with the Terror, I told her my +Dream: And the wicked Creature only laughed, and said, _All I fear'd_ +was but a _Dream_, as well as that; and when it was _over_, and I was +well awake, I should laugh at it as such!' These Words tho' spoke by +Mrs. _Jewkes_ in the Character of an abandon'd Profligate, yet can be of +no Service to Youth, who may take the latter Part only, and be apt to +conclude, that all _Virtue_ is but a _Dream_; and certainly they were +much better omitted than put in. + +Well at Length the Squire arrives in his Fine Chariot, and now the +_Trenches_ are open'd again, and the amorous War is pursued with more +Vigour than ever; _p._ 247, 248. 'When he had supp'd, he stood up, and +said, O how happy for you it is, that you can at Will, thus make your +speaking Eyes overflow in this manner, without losing any of their +Brilliancy! You have been told, I suppose, that you are _most_ beautiful +in your Tears!--Did you ever, said he to _her_, (who all this while was +standing in one Corner of the Parlour) see a _more charming Creature +than this_? Is it to be wonder'd at, that I demean myself thus to take +Notice of her!--See, said he, and took the Glass with one Hand, and +turn'd me round with the other, _What a Shape! what a Neck! what a Hand! +and what a Bloom in that lovely Face!_----But who can describe the +Tricks and Artifices, that lie lurking in her little, plotting, guileful +Heart! 'Tis no Wonder the poor Parson was infatuated with her----I blame +him less than I do her; for who could expect such Artifice in so young a +Sorceress! Come hither, Hussy, said he; you and I have a dreadful +Reckoning to make. Why don't you come, when I bid you?--Fie upon it! +Mrs. _Pamela_, said she, what! Not stir, when his Honour commands you to +come to him!----Who knows but his Goodness will forgive you? He came to +me, (for I had no Power to stir) and put his Arms about my Neck, and +would kiss me; and said, Well, Mrs. _Jewkes_, if it were not for the +Thought of this cursed Parson, I believe in my Heart, so great is my +Weakness, that I could _yet_ forgive this intriguing little Slut, and +take her to my Bosom. O, said the Sycophant, you are very good, Sir, +very forgiving, indeed!--But come, added the profligate Wretch, I hope +you will be so good, as to take her to your Bosom; and that, by +to-morrow Morning, you'll bring her to a better Sense of her Duty! + +Then follows a Proposal at large to induce her to commence a kept +Mistress: The Particulars of which, the Author hath fully set forth, in +order to _instruct_ the young Gentlemen of Fortune how to proceed in +such a Case, and that young Girls of small Fortunes may see what +tempting Things they have to trust to. 'Tis true he makes her refuse it, +but with an Insinuation that the Offers are very advantageous. + +Next follows the grand _Coup d'Eclat_: A Scene so finely work'd up, that +the warmest Imagination could scarcely form one more prevalent in the +Cause of Vice. 'Tis true, the Sentences are artfully wrapt up, but +whether the Ideas divested of their Tinsel Trappings and Coverings are +too gross to _entertain_, much less capable of _instructing_ the Youth +of either Sex: Take the Author's own Words, and let the impartial World +determine, at least, let every Father or Mother of a Family read them, +and seriously say, whether they ought for the Sake of this and the +foregoing Quotations, to receive _Pamela_ into the Closets of their +Children, or condemn it to the Flames, with the most lustful Pieces +that ever appeared in Print? The Squire after forming a Pretence of +going into the Country further for a Day or two, by the Assistance of +Mrs. _Jewkes_, (who contrives to make _Nan_ her fellow Guard, drunk) is +convey'd into the Room in the Disguise of the Maid, she patiently sits, +and sees the lovely Creature undress herself, _&c._ but take her own +_modest Relation_ as follows: _p._ 270, 271, 272, 273, 274. 'So I looked +into the Closets, and kneeled down, as I used to do, to say my Prayers, +and this _with my under Cloaths, all undrest_; and passed by the poor +sleeping Wench, as I thought, in my Return. But, Oh! little did I think, +it was my wicked, wicked Master in a Gown and Petticoat of hers, and her +Apron over his Face and Shoulders. Mrs. _Jewkes_ by this Time, was got +to-bed, on the further Side, as she used to be; and, to make room for +the Maid, when she should awake, I got into Bed, and lay close to her. +And I said, Where are the Keys? tho', said I, I am not so much afraid +to-Night. Here, said the wicked Woman, put your Arm under mine, and you +shall find them about my Wrist, as they used to be. So I did, and the +abominable Designer _held my Hand with her Right Hand_, as my Right Arm +was under her Left. In less than a quarter of an Hour, I said, There's +poor _Nan_ awake; I hear her stir. Let us go to sleep, said she, and +not mind her; She'll come to bed, when she's quite awake. Poor Soul! +said I, I'll warrant she'll have the Head-ach finely to-morrow for it! +Be silent said she, and go to sleep; you keep me awake; and I never +found you in so talkative a Humour in my Life. Don't chide me, said I; I +will say but one Thing more: Do you think _Nan_ could hear me talk of my +Master's Offers? No, no, said she; she was dead asleep. I'm glad of +that, said I; because I would not expose my Master to his common +Servants, and I knew _you_ were no Stranger to his _fine_ Articles. Said +she, I think they were fine Articles, and you were bewitch'd you did not +close in with them: But let us go to sleep. So I was silent; and the +pretended _Nan_ (O wicked base villainous Designer! What a Plot, what an +unexpected Plot, was this!) seem'd to be awaking; and Mrs. _Jewkes_, +abhorred Creature! said, Come, _Nan_!--What, are you awake at last? +Prithee come to-bed; for Mrs. _Pamela_ is in a talking Fit, and wont go +to sleep one while. At that the pretended She came to the Bed-side; and +sitting down in a Chair, where the Curtain hid her, began to undress. +Said I, poor Mrs. _Ann_, I warrant your Head aches most sadly! How do +you do?--She answered not one Word. Said the superlatively wicked Woman, +You know I have order'd her not to answer you. And this Plot, to be +sure, was laid when she gave her these Orders, the Night before. I heard +her, as I thought, _breathe all quick and short_: Indeed, said I, Mrs. +_Jewkes_, the poor Maid is not well. What ails you, Mrs. _Ann_? And +still no Answer was made. But, I tremble to relate it! the pretended She +came into Bed; but _quiver'd like an Aspen-leaf_; and I, poor Fool that +I was! pitied her much.----But well might the barbarous Deceiver tremble +at his vile Dissimulation, and base Designs. What Words shall I find, my +dear Mother, (for my Father should not see this shocking Part) to +describe the rest, and my Confusion, when the guilty Wretch took my +_left Arm_, and laid it under his Neck, as the vile Procuress held my +_Right_; and then _he clasp'd me round my Waist_! Said I, Is the Wench +mad! Why, how now Confidence? thinking still it had been _Nan_. But he +kissed me with frightful Vehemence; and then his Voice broke upon me +like a Clap of Thunder. Now, _Pamela_, said he, is the dreadful Time of +Reckoning come, that I have threaten'd.----I scream'd out in such a +Manner, as never any Body heard the like. But there was no body to help +me: And both my Hands were secured, as I said. Sure never poor Soul was +in such Agonies as I. Wicked Man! said I; wicked, abominable Woman! O +God! my God! this _Time_, this _one_ Time! deliver me from this +Distress! or strike me dead this Moment. And then I scream'd again and +again. Says he, One Word with you, _Pamela_; one Word hear me but; and +hitherto you see I offer nothing to you. Is this _nothing_, said I, to +be in Bed here? To hold my Hands between you? I will hear, if you will +instantly leave the Bed, and take this villainous Woman from me. Said +she, (O Disgrace of Womankind!) What you do, Sir, do; don't stand +dilly-dallying. She cannot exclaim worse than she has done. And she'll +be quieter when she knows the worst. Silence! Said he to her; I must say +one Word to you, _Pamela_; it is this: You see, now you are in my +Power!----You cannot get from me, nor help yourself: Yet have I not +offer'd any Thing amiss to you. But if you resolve not to comply with my +Proposals, I will not lose this Opportunity: If you do I will yet leave +you. O Sir, said I, leave me, leave me but, and I will do any Thing I +ought to do. Swear then to me, said he, that you will accept my +Proposals!--And then (for this was all detestable Grimace) _he put his +Hand in my Bosom_. With Struggling, Fright, Terror, _I fainted away +quite_, and did not come to myself soon; so that they both, from the +cold Sweats that I was in, thought me dying--_And I remember no more_, +than that, when, with great Difficulty, they brought me to myself, she +was sitting on one side of the Bed, with her Cloaths on; and and he on +the other with his, and in his Gown and Slippers. Your poor _Pamela_ +cannot _answer for the Liberties taken with her in her deplorable State +of Death_. And when I saw them there, I sat up in my Bed, without any +Regard to what Appearance I made, and nothing about my Neck; and he +soothing me, with an Aspect of Pity and Concern, I put my Hand to his +Mouth, and said, O tell me, yet tell me not, what I have suffered in +this Distress! And I talked quite wild, and knew not what; for to be +sure, I was on the Point of Distraction. He most solemnly, and with a +bitter Imprecation, vow'd, that he had not _offer'd_ the _least +Indecency_; that he was frighten'd at the terrible manner I was taken +with the Fit: That he would desist from his Attempt; and begg'd but to +see me easy and quiet, and he would leave me directly, and go to his own +Bed. O then, said I, take from me this most wicked Woman, this vile Mrs. +_Jewkes_, as an Earnest that I may believe you! And will you, Sir, said +the wicked Wretch, for a _Fit or two_, give up such an _Opportunity as +this?--I thought you had known the Sex better_.--She is now, you see, +quite well again! This I heard; more she might say; but _I fainted away +once more_, at these Words, and at his clasping his Arms about me +again. And when I came a little to myself, I saw him sit there, and the +Maid Nan, holding a Smelling-bottle to my Nose, and no Mrs. _Jewkes_.' + +Is this an affecting Incident entirely divested of all loose Images? +Will any one in his Senses take upon him to say so? Can any Youth bear +the Image of _seeing her kneel naked_, though at her Prayers, without +Emotion: A lewd Scene suits but ill with Religion; and what an +inconsistent Mixture of both is this? Her going to Bed, and the _proper +Posture_ in which she is laid, may be _modest_, but I defy the most +innocent Virgin to read it in Company without being constrain'd to +stifle a _Conscious Blush_; or in her Closet without causing a +Palpitation which must amount to little less than a _burning Desire_; +_how then can any thing be said to encourage_ Virtue, _that must +infallibly rouse each latent_ vicious Inclination _in the Heart? +Breathing quick and short;----spreading the Arms_, while they are both +in Bed together;----_clasping round the Waist;--putting his Hand in her +Bosom,--struggling--fainting quite away_----'till she owns herself that +_she cannot answer for the Liberties taken with her in that deplorable +State of Death_. These are Images which I think no Youth can read +without Emotion, and yet I'm afraid are such as they will chuse to +converse with rather than any in the Book. For here the blooming Nymph, +the long desired Object of the eager Lover's Passion, lies naked, +defenceless and exposed in Bed, he rushes on her with all the glowing +Ardour of an ungoverned Passion, and tho' the Author has with much ado +just saved her from _Ravishment_, yet 'tis with the greatest Difficulty, +and that too with a plain Confirmation, that _all Liberties were taken +but the last_: And even that Mrs. _Jewkes_ is made to upbraid him for, +as one that ought to know the Sex better. However, had it ended here, we +had been deprived of another Volume; so that at all Events she must be +saved a little longer, and the poor Squire withdraws shaking his Ears +like a Dog that has burnt his Tail. + +He had tried Force long enough; in order therefore to spin out the +Narration, he must take another Method, and try what artful Insinuations +and Perswasions would do: _p._ 280. 'After walking about, he lead me +into a little Alcove--He began to be very teizing, and made me sit on +his Knee, and was so often kissing me, that I said, Sir, I don't like to +be here at all, I assure you. Indeed you make me afraid!--And what made +me the more so, was that he once said to Mrs. _Jewkes_, and did not +think I heard him.--Said he, I will try _once_ more; but I have begun +wrong. For I see Terror does but add to her Frost; but she is a charming +Girl, and may be _thaw'd_ by _Kindness_; and I should have MELTED her +by LOVE, instead of FREEZING her by FEAR.' + +This leads us on to Soothings and Blandishments, till he forms a Trap +wherein he is caught himself, and forms an Introduction for fresh +Characters; but even amidst all he can't forbear now and then breaking +partly tending to the Obscene; for he supposes that had not _Pamela_ +been with him, she might have been Wife to some Plough Boy. And upon her +answering that had it been so, she should have been content, he replies +(V. II. _p._ 18.) intimating that the whole Manor must be at the Lord's +Command. In _p._ 20. poor _Pamela_ is to be _press'd to Death_; _p._ 21. +he stoops to enquire where she _garters_, and wants to _examine her +Knees_. Which by the Way shews the Squire to be a little ignorant, or +certainly by seeing her _undress_ twice he might have known. + +After a great Deal of Chitchat and Courtship, we are last arrived at the +fixing of the last Holy Rite:--But to shew our Author's Inclination for +a Joke (for he must doubtless be a very Merry Man) he makes Honest Sir +_Simon Darnford_ praise her Fingers, and laughing tells her they were +made _to touch any Key_: The fluttering Heart before Marriage is +prettily described, Lady _Davers_'s Passion tho' a little too violent, +and carried to the very highest Extravagance of Nature, affords us +Matter of Diversion, as does her running a Race with _Collbrand_ of +Laughter.----_Pamela_ herself in _p._ 167, tells us, she shan't _sleep a +Wink the first Night_, but concludes with this comfortable Reflection, +_that she supposes all young Maidens are the same_; and therefore very +prudently resolves to undergo it. But in order to encourage her the +Squire desires Good Mrs. _Jewkes_ (who is now her chief Favourite) to +entertain her with some _pleasant_ Stories, _suitable to the Occasion_. +And his desiring to spoil the _pretty Waist of his Pamela_, _p._ 216, so +far from making half the Women in _England_ hurt themselves by +Strait-lacing, that I am of Opinion, most of them assisted by that and +some other foregoing Passages, wou'd rather endeavour to _enlarge_ +themselves in that Part, than decrease it. Nor do Mr. _Longman_ or Mrs. +_Jervis_ seem to be of a contrary Opinion to the Squire, but both +facetiously drink a Bumper to the _Hans in Kelder_. + +Thus, Sir, thro' a Series of Intrigue interwoven with Amorous Incidents +have we traced the Lovely _Pamela_ from the _Servant Maid_ to the +_Mistress_ of the _Mansion House_, and as I think I have marked out +several Passages, that tend only to _inflame_ without any View at all to +_Instruction_, that the Images they present are so far from being +innocent, they could not be stronger invented, or more naturally +expressed, to _excite Lasciviousness_ in the Minds of the Youth of both +_Sexes_. I shall conclude at present, hoping that in your next Edition +you will either amend them or entirely strike them out; not that I have +pointed all that I think exceptionable, as it would be too long for a +Thing of this Kind, and am of Opinion that there are Faults enough of +different Sorts, which may possibly be the Subject of a Second Epistle: +In the mean time, let me address myself in the most earnest Manner to +those of maturer Years, who may chance to be your Readears, that they +would weigh what _Virtue_ is, and how much these amorous Expressions may +tend to corrupt their Children, before they suffer them to peruse it, +nor be led away by the slight Viel of a few Religious Sentiments, which +are thinly spread over them, to permit the Youth under their Care to +discover the naked Charms of an _inflaming Passion_, which is too much +exposed in almost every Page of this _much-admir'd_ PAMELA. I am, SIR, + + _Your's_, &c. + +[Illustration] + + + + +NOTES TO _PAMELA CENSURED_ + + +Title page + +The epigraph is from Horace's Odes II. viii. 13-16: "All this but makes +sport for Venus (upon my word, it does!) and for the artless Nymphs, and +cruel Cupid, ever whetting his fiery darts on blood-stained stone" +(_Horace: The Odes and Epodes_, trans. C. E. Bennett [Cambridge, Mass.: +Harvard Univ. Press, Loeb Classics, 1952], p. 127). + +Title page + +Little is known about James Roberts, the bookseller (see Henry R. +Plomer, _A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers Who Were at Work +in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1668 to 1725_, ed. Arundell +Esdaile [Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1922], p. 255). Undoubtedly +familiar with Richardson, Roberts sold the _Weekly Miscellany_, which +Richardson printed during the 1730's, and he printed Charles Povey's +_Virgin in_ Eden (1741), which like _Pamela Censured_ attacks the +morality of Richardson's novel. + +Dedication + +After recommending _Pamela_ from his pulpit sometime before 6 January +1741, Dr. Benjamin Slocock (1691-1753) earned the undeserved reputation +of having been paid by Richardson for this praise (see Eaves and Kimpel, +_Samuel Richardson_, pp. 123-24). + +5.1-2 + +The third (duodecimo) edition of _Pamela_, published 12 March 1741, is +virtually the same in content and collation as the second edition, +published less than a month earlier (see William Merritt Sale, Jr., +_Samuel Richardson: A Bibliographical Record_ [New Haven: Yale Univ. +Press, 1936], pp. 18-19). + +6.9-8.17 + +An attack on the various promises made by Richardson on the title page +of _Pamela_. + +8.18-12.27 + +An attack on _Pamela_'s "Preface by the Editor." Concerning these +objections, the "Introduction" to _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ finds +fault with the author of _Pamela Censured_: "I shall pass by his +Contradictions with Regard to the Character he draws of the Editor, or +as he will have it _Author_, who appears in his Party-colour'd Writing a +very _artful, silly_ Writer, a Man of fine Sense, and excellent in his +Method of conducting the whole Piece, but at the same time vain, +ignorant, and incorrect" (I, xiii). + +9.26 + +The "certain _Noble Lord_" is probably either Sir Arthur Hesilrige or +Lord Gainsborough (see McKillop, _Samuel Richardson_, pp. 27-29). + +10.1-3 + +Quotation from the "Abstract of a second Letter from the Same Gentleman" +in the "Introduction to this Second Edition." The "complemental" friend +is Aaron Hill. + +10.21-12.5 + +Paraphrase of Richardson's "Preface by the Editor." + +12.8 + +Colley Cibber (1671-1757), the "worthy Gentleman" who then presided over +the muses as poet laureate, frequently mentions his own vanity in _An +Apology for the Life of Mr. Colley Cibber, Comedian_ (1740). + +14.16 + +Advertised during the spring of 1741, the first French translation of +_Pamela_ did not appear until the end of October 1741 (see McKillop, +_Samuel Richardson_, p. 92). Jean Baptiste de Freval, author of "_To the +Editor of the Piece intitled_ Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded," probably had +at least some hand in this French translation (see Paul Dottin, _Samuel +Richardson_ [Paris: Perrin et Cie., 1931], p. 117). + +15.2-10 + +Partially a paraphrase, partially a quotation of "_To my worthy Friend, +the Editor of_ Pamela, _&c._" + +15.17-19.2 + +An attack on the "Introduction to This Second Edition." Aaron Hill is +the "Person of distinguish'd _Taste_ and _Abilities_." + +22.22-24 + +_Pamela Censured_ here refuses to employ _Pamela_'s tactic of including +parts of letters to support opinions. + +26.7-13 + +Quotation from Letter VII. + +26.13-25 + +_Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ brands the remarks on this page "too +poor to censure" and "downright _silly_" (I, xiii). + +26.26-28.17 + +Quotation from Letter XI. + +28.22-29.1 + +This comment, according to _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_, "is like the +Roman Persecution of the Christians, who sewed them in Bears Skins and +then baited them. How unfair he is, and how much of the Goat he has in +his Constitution are visible" (I, xiii). + +29.1-30.27 + +Quotation from Letter XV. Concerning this passage, _Pamela's Conduct in +High Life_ asks: "What is there immodest in this Account, what to excite +any Passions but those of Pity for a virtuous young Creature, and +Indignation to a tyrannical lewd Man of Fortune? How do the Fright, the +Terror, and Apprehensions of a defenceless Virgin kindle Desire? and +when they have deprived her of Sense, how can we fairly from the Words +of _Pamela_'s Letter gather, that she fell in an indecent Posture?" "The +Warmth of Imagination in this virtuous Censurer," continues _Pamela's +Conduct in High Life_, "supplies the rest: He can't suppose that she +could possibly fall but as he has painted her, and if the Editor has +been defective in CONVEYING THE MOST ARTFUL AND ALLURING AMOROUS IDEAS, +if the Letters do not abound with Incidents which must necessarily raise +in the unwary Youth that read them EMOTIONS _far distant_ from the +PRINCIPLES of VIRTUE. If they are not replete with _Images to enflame_, +the Censurer endeavours to repair the Fault[. H]e, not the Editor, +contrives to give an Idea of _Pamela_'s hidden Beauties, and would have +you imagine she lies in the most immodest Posture, such a one as Mrs. +_Jervis_ thought Things had gone farther, but can this be gathered from +_Pamela_'s Account, or is not this virtuous Censurer endeavouring to +impress in the Minds of Youth that read his Defence of Modesty and +Virtue, _Images_ that may _enflame_? _Was not_, says he, _the 'Squire +very modest to withdraw? for she lay in such a pretty Posture that +Mrs._ Jervis _thought it was worse_. Why did Mrs. _Jervis_ think this +from the pretty Posture? Nay, how could she think it from any Posture? +when the same Account tells us she and the 'Squire were obliged to burst +open the Door, for Mrs. _Jervis_ to get in to her Assistance; Is it not +more reasonable for Mrs. _Jervis_ to conclude as she did, from the +unruly lawless Passion with which she knew her Master tormented, from +the Obstinacy of his Temper, and from the Hopes he might entertain, +being Master of a large Fortune, that he might, born up by that, stem +the Tide of Justice, and perpetrate the greatest Villainy with Impunity? +We are told in the Letters that she fainted away, and fell on the Floor +stretch'd at her Length, and as her Gown was caught in, and torn by the +Door, she must fall too near it, in whatever Posture, to shew any +_latent_ Beauties, but what is there indecent in this Relation? Is there +any particular Posture described? Oh, but the Censurer lays her in one +which may _enflame_, you must imagine as lusciously as he does; if the +Letter has not discover'd enough, the pious Censurer lends a Hand, and +endeavours to _surfeit your Sight_ by lifting the Covering which was +left by the Editor, and with the Hand of a boisterous Ravisher takes the +Opportunity of _Pamela_'s being in a Swoon to ----" (I, xiv-xv). + +30.28 + +Concerning "whether the 'Squire was not modest," _Pamela's Conduct in +High Life_ explains that Mr. B "shews he had some Humanity, and was +touch'd with Remorse at the Distress he himself occasioned. This, no +doubt the Censurer, who seems as much divested of Humanity as a Stranger +to Virtue or even Decency, blames the 'Squire for in his Heart, thinks +him a silly Country Booby, a half-paced Sinner, a Milk-sop to be capable +of Compassion, and no doubt would gladly have had him gone thorough, +that he might have had the Pleasure of imaginary Pimping, and have +_surfeited his Sight_" (I, xv-(xvi)). + +31.6-32.19 + +Concerning this passage, _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ sums up its +argument by saying: "But this unfair Censurer fearing he has not yet +warm'd the Imagination of his Readers, lays Pamela in a Posture, and +particularizes her latent charms, _p._ 31, and then charges his own +luxurious Fancy on the Author, as he calls the Editor" (I, [xvi]). + +33.1-20 + +Quotation from Letter XVIII. + +33.25-34.13 + +Quotation from Letter XIX. Concerning this passage, _Pamela's Conduct in +High Life_ exclaims: "Pamela talks very rationally to Mrs. _Jervis_, +foresees Consequences, and concludes, _she that can't keep her Virtue +ought to live in Disgrace_. At this our Censurer cries out, _Fine +Instructions truly!_" With this, _Pamela's Conduct in High Life_ makes +its parting stab at _Pamela Censured_: "But it is impossible with +Decency to follow this luscious Censurer, really I had scarce Patience +to read, and therefore you will not expect me to rake longer in his +Dirt. I have written enough to shew you of what Stamp are all the +Calumniators of the virtuous _Pamela_. How sensual and coarse their +Ideas, how inhumane their Sentiments, how immoral their Principles, how +vile their Endeavours, how unfair their Quotations, how lewd and weak +their Remarks" (I. [xvi]). + +35.12-29 + +Quotation from Letter XXIV. + +37.2-38.6 + +Quotation from Letter XXIV. + +38.10-25 + +Quotation from Letter XXIV. + +39.12-20 + +Quotation from Letter XXV. + +39.24-40.10 + +Quotation from Letter XXV. + +40.15-41.19 + +Quotation from Letter XXV. + +42.2-17 + +Quotation from Letter XXV. + +42.26-28 + +Quotation from Letter XXVII. + +43.5-16 + +Quotation from Letter XXVII. + +43.20-44.3 + +Quotation from Letter XXVII. + +44.9-17 + +Quotation from Letter XXVII. + +45.20-46.3 + +Quotation from Letter XXVII. + +46.19-20 + +Reference to Letter XXIX. + +46.26-48.4 + +Quotation from Letter XXX. + +48.17-49.15 + +Quotation from the narrative break at the end of Letter XXXI. + +50.3-13 + +Quotation from Letter XXXII. + +50.15-25 + +Quotation from Letter XXXII. + +51.10-14 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY," the 6th +and 7th days of "Bondage." + +51.23-52.2 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "THURSDAY," the 8th day of +"Bondage." + +52.7-15 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "MONDAY, TUESDAY, _the 25th and +26th Days of my heavy Restraint_." + +52.25-54.5 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "SATURDAY _Morning_," the 37th day +of "Bondage." + +55.10-60.4 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "TUESDAY _Night_," the 40th day of +"Bondage." + +61.18-62.2 + +Quotation from the journal entry for "WEDNESDAY _Morning_," the 41st day +of "Bondage." + +62.11-16 + +References to the journal entry for "SATURDAY, _Six o'Clock_," the 44th +day of "Bondage." + +63.2-6 + +Reference to the journal entry for "WEDNESDAY _Evening_," the night +before Pamela's wedding. + +63.10-11 + +Reference to the journal entry for "SUNDAY, _the Fourth Day of my +Happiness_." + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pamela Censured, by Anonymous + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PAMELA CENSURED *** + +***** This file should be named 33735.txt or 33735.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/7/3/33735/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Josephine Paolucci +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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