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diff --git a/33767.txt b/33767.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2780fa6 --- /dev/null +++ b/33767.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6975 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Campward Ho!, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Campward Ho! + A Manual for Girl Scout Camps + +Author: Unknown + +Release Date: September 20, 2010 [EBook #33767] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPWARD HO! *** + + + + +Produced by David Edwards, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: "UNDER THE GREENWOOD TREE"] + + + + +CAMPWARD HO! + +A MANUAL FOR GIRL SCOUT CAMPS + + DESIGNED TO COVER THE NEEDS OF THOSE + UNDERTAKING TO ORGANIZE AND DIRECT + LARGE, SELF-SUPPORTING CAMPS FOR GIRLS + +[Illustration: Girl Scouts 1920] + + GIRL SCOUTS + INCORPORATED + + NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS + 189 LEXINGTON AVENUE + NEW YORK CITY + + + + + Copyrighted, 1920 + by + Girl Scouts, Incorporated + + McGRAW PHILLIPS PRINTING CO., INC. + NEW YORK + + _When that Aprille with his schowres swoote + The drought of March hath perced to the roote, + And bathud every veyne in swich licour, + Of which vertue engendred is the flour; + Whan Zephirus eek with his swete breeth + Enspirud hath in every holte and heeth + The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne + Hath in the Ram his halfe cours i-ronne, + And smale fowles maken melodie, + That slepen all the night with open yhe, + So priketh hem nature in here corages: + Thanne longen folk to gon on pilgrimages._ + _Chaucer_ + + + + +GIRL SCOUTS + + + _Motto_ + "BE PREPARED" + + _Slogan_ + "DO A GOOD TURN DAILY" + + +[Illustration] + + +PROMISE + + On My Honor, I Will Try: + To do my duty to God and my Country + To help other people at all times + To obey the Scout Laws + + +LAWS + + I A Girl Scout's Honor is to be Trusted + II A Girl Scout is Loyal + III A Girl Scout's Duty is to be Useful and to Help Others + IV A Girl Scout is a Friend to All, and a Sister to Every + Other Girl Scout + V A Girl Scout is Courteous + VI A Girl Scout is a Friend to Animals + VII A Girl Scout Obeys Orders + VIII A Girl Scout is Cheerful + IX A Girl Scout is Thrifty + X A Girl Scout is Clean in Thought, Word and Deed + + + + +FOREWORD + + +Someone has said, "We camp to live with Nature." If living is knowing, +let us then while we camp, learn to know the great out-of-doors, and at +the same time take advantage of being together, and learn to live as +Scouts. + +It is hoped that this little book will help to solve many problems which +arise when planning for and running a camp, particularly a Girl Scout +camp. The material in this manual is supplementary to that in the +official Handbook, "Scouting for Girls," and is intended to be used in +conjunction with it. + +The information given is the result of experience gained not only as a +camp Director and a housekeeper, but as a co-worker with hundreds of +Scouts whose needs are very real. + +Credit is due Miss Emily McClure for her article on Activities, and Miss +Catherine Wilkeson for her account of A Deschutes River Fishing Trip. + +We are glad to have permission to reprint "Water Front Protection for +Summer Camps" by Captain Fred C. Mills of the Red Cross Life Saving +Corps. The Life Saving Corps is giving the Girl Scouts the most active +sort of cooperation throughout the country. + +Sincere appreciation and thanks are given to Dr. Louise Stevens Bryant, +Educational Secretary of the National Girl Scouts, for making the charts +and editing the manuscript. + + CAROLINE LEWIS. + + + + +CAMPWARD HO! + +CONTENTS + + + Foreword 7 + I Planning for Camp 9 + II Camp Directors and Counsellors 15 + III The Camper 22 + IV The Camp House 28 + V General Routine from Opening to Closing Camp 40 + VI Camp Records and Accounts 50 + VII Equipment 64 + VIII The Camp Program 93 + IX General Camp Activities 98 + X Hikes 127 + XI Camp Health and Camp Safety 140 + XII Feeding the Multitude 152 + XIII A Day in Camp 174 + Some Books on Camps and Camping 178 + Index 183 + + + + +I + +PLANNING FOR CAMP + + _There is a pleasure in the pathless woods, + There is a rapture on the lonely shore, + There is society, where none intrudes + By the deep Sea, and music in its roar: + I love not Man the less, but Nature more, + From these our interviews, in which I steal + From all I may be or have been before, + To mingle with the Universe, and feel + What I can ne'er express, yet cannot all conceal_ + --_Lord Byron_ + + +Planning for a camp is a matter of hours of thought and pipe dreaming, +every item receiving its due amount of consideration, first in general +terms, then in detail, until the whole scheme is so well formulated and +all needs so well recognized and provided for that the actual camp comes +into existence quite easily and successfully. + +It is much more economical and satisfactory to change an idea than a +building, and it behooves us all to learn the trick as soon as possible. +Start to think in the winter; the fall is even better. Begin at the +beginning and let no step of the way be slighted. + +Shall we have a camp, and where shall it be, are the first questions +that come to mind. Of course have it, even though it be for a small +group only, and very simple as to equipment. The benefits derived by +body, mind and soul cannot be over-estimated. The joy of finding and +seeing for the first time the things that can only be found and seen in +the open, living away from stilted civilization, flings open a door +which rarely closes again for any length of time. Most people, and +especially children, are not so far away from nature but that love and +appreciation of it can be easily awakened by its beauty of color, form +and sound, or its prodigality which cannot be rivalled. Then to realize +that all humanity is a part of this great system is to love all living +things, to know they are good, and that it is fear which calls forth +their antagonism, as has been proved time and time again. If such things +as these can be learned by living in the open, have we not sufficient +reason for providing the means to the end? Someone has said that +"cutting the camp out of the Scout year is like leaving the yeast out of +the bread." + +[Illustration: BETWEEN WOOD AND FIELD. Arrangement of wall tents with +flys, set up with stakes.] + +A well ordered camp is built and run on the same lines as a well ordered +house, as regards fundamentals. Whether it is made to accommodate a +small group or an army, all who gather in it must have certain dominant +needs provided for. They must eat, sleep, work, play, keep themselves +and their surroundings clean, and live the group life. How these needs +are met depends on the individual who makes and executes the plans. One +knows how to make his camp comfortable, practical and hospitable +wherever it is, and regardless of materials used, meeting all of his +daily needs, while another, glorying in simplicity _for a while_, does +without comforts which could easily be obtained. Still another casts off +all law and order, to say nothing of many necessities, during his stay +in the open. + +But when planning a camp for girls who are to receive the greatest +benefits from living out of doors, and living together, there is no +reason why their environment should not be made pleasing to the eye, of +benefit mentally, a comfort to the body, and in accord with the best +known laws which govern camping. + + +Work of the Planning Committee + +There are specific responsibilities to be borne by Councils or +Committees who undertake to promote and establish a Girl Scout camp. The +most important of these are first, to secure the money for the initial +cost, and second, to obtain a Director. The subsequent work of the +Committee will be determined almost entirely by the character and +capacity of the Director chosen. + +The prime requirement for a Camp Director is that she be able to manage +a camp and the children. This means first of all, a strong reliable +character, with enthusiasm and love and understanding for people, and +particularly for young people. She must also have an understanding of +the Scout program, as well as the aims and purposes of the Scout +organization, for the children in these camps are Scouts. She must have +a practical knowledge of the administration of a large household. + +If in addition to these qualities she is capable of organizing and +planning, the Council can feel itself lucky, because their specific work +in regard to the camp is ended, and they can with assurance turn over to +the Director such questions as choice of location, the camp site, +arrangements for transportation, price of board, determining and +selection of equipment, the type of children, and the length of the camp +year. + +They must not forget to give the Director not only the responsibility +but the requisite authority to act, and perhaps most important, be +ready to give her financial backing. + +[Illustration: THE TENT "GREEN." Conical wall tents accommodating eight +cots. Not easy to put up and give little head room.] + +It must be remembered, however, that many women who are quite capable of +running a camp do not have the particular kind of organizing ability or +business training needed to establish one in the first place. It may be +necessary therefore, for the Committee to divide the work among its +members, or even to engage a professional buyer, or business manager. In +the rest of this book it has been assumed that the Director is of the +former type, and will carry the initial responsibility. + + +Transportation + +The question of transportation is the first thing to be thought of when +considering locations for a Girl Scout camp. The cost, facilities, +accessibility and time required would all be determining factors which +when settled make it possible to investigate locations within a given +radius without waste of time. + +There are many Scouts who would not go to camp if the cost of +transportation equalled the price of one week's board, but who would on +the other hand spend two weeks in camp with a smaller transportation +cost. The question of shipping equipment and provisions is also to be +considered, for these things can be bought to better advantage in large +centers and transported by boat or rail to the camp site, than purchased +from stores in a small community. + +Travelling and shipping by boat is cheaper than by rail, and is often +more satisfactory. Boat companies will give reduced rates to an +organization sending many members on its line, while railroads rarely if +ever do so. + +Suburban trolley lines offer advantages over both boats and railroads, +and often take one quite beyond the crowded settlements to spots of real +beauty. Unless absolutely necessary do not plan for any transportation +that requires a change of cars or boat. A motor or stage ride, or short +hike is always to be planned for. + + +Locations + +Having investigated transportation facilities and charges various +locations would next come to mind. + +Waste no time on those which do not afford a lake, a river, the sea, or +a brook of good size, if the camp is to be for a large group and open +for several weeks. The daily swim is as essential to the happiness of +the average Scout as is her mess, and the adequate water supply for +washing purposes is an essential thing to the housekeeper. + +A village or town which has a post office, telegraph office, a doctor, a +store or two, a railroad station or boat landing, is often the camp +Director's best friend, and such a place should be within hiking +distance of every camp. It is there that arrangements should be made +when possible, for supplying the camp with fresh milk, fresh vegetables, +bread, and so forth. The risks taken by older people, or the small group +that wish to be indeed far from all civilization, cannot be taken by the +Director of a camp who has in her care a hundred or more children for +every one of whom she is responsible. It is possible, as has been +proved, to find a camp site so in the heart of the country or woods that +one feels miles away from everything, and still be within reach of +modern facilities. + + +The Site + +The finding of the actual site when once the locality is determined is +really quite exciting. So many lovely spots attract one's attention, but +as natural beauty often deceives the unknowing, a thorough investigation +is the only safe course to pursue. + +The necessity for a road to the camp site is not to be forgotten. +Transportation of people and supplies by row boat is too difficult. + +Follow the river or brook, search the rim of the lake, or scan the edge +of the sea for high ground, a knoll will do, for well drained ground, +for the adequate drinking water supply (which must be tested), for fuel +in abundance, if wood is to be used, for trees among which tents can be +pitched or cabins built for sleeping quarters, for space for the main +building, for an open space where games and drill can be enjoyed. Forget +not the sun, the prevailing winds, and the western clearing where at the +end of the day all the beauties of the sunset can be enjoyed, or the +safe place for the campfire where songs and the real Scout Spirit bring +the day to a happy end. + + + + +II + +CAMP DIRECTORS AND COUNSELLORS + + +No one doubts for a moment that camping is a good thing for children as +well as for grown people, but like many so-called "good things" the +results accruing from it depend upon the person or persons in charge. + +For a Girl Scout camp the Director is generally engaged by a council or +a committee and is made responsible for the camp as a whole, including +the health, safety and happiness of the group, the standards established +and the furthering of Scout principles and aims. The Director may engage +as assistants, volunteer or paid counsellors. They may be Scout Captains +or people who know little about the Scout work, but whoever they are all +should qualify as to character, willingness to cooperate, love for +children, ability to teach or to do well one or more things, and possess +a personality which will make for happiness and success. + +The number of counsellors will depend on the size of the group and the +work to be done. One counsellor for sixteen girls or for every two +patrols is none too many. There should be a head counsellor who takes +the Director's place when necessary, and who assists her in many ways; a +nurse who is responsible for the personal health of the Scouts and who +teaches First Aid and Personal Health; a counsellor to have charge of +each subject listed on the program, a handy-man if the camp is large and +there is much heavy work to be done; a cook and cook's helper, and last +but not least, someone to do all that no one else does--keep records of +all kinds, write letters, arrange for the coming and going of campers, +supervise the canteen, and be helpful generally. + +[Illustration: Well-built floors keep out ground damp, and make level +and steady supports.] + +It is most desirable when possible to engage Scout leaders as +counsellors, but they should qualify as do all other counsellors, for +the camp specialties. + +The Director must think in universal terms and put personal feelings to +one side. She must aim for oneness of purpose and solve all problems +that seem to block the way. She must be an example always and her +imagination, understanding, resourcefulness, strength, and devotion to +her work are her tools. She should understand the necessary requirements +of the various groups as concerns their religious training and make +provisions for helping the girls to live up to these requirements. Those +who must go to church every Sunday, observe Feast Days and Fast Days, +should have a counsellor of their own faith to be responsible for them. +For those girls whose belief makes it necessary to abstain from eating +certain foods and being particular as to the dishes they use, +arrangements must be made to meet their needs. + +Because it is not always possible to allow each member of a large group +to attend church on Sunday, especially as camps as a rule are not near +communities, a simple Scout service should be arranged at which the +Scout Promise and Laws are repeated, purely non-sectarian hymns are sung +and a short talk given on Scout-like subjects. Great care must be taken +to keep this service in accord with the policy of the Scout +organization, which is absolutely non-sectarian. + +A Director's specific duties vary according to the size and type of the +camp and the number and duties of her assistants. She should, however, +in all cases see that the program adopted is being lived up to, that the +camp is in a sanitary and safe condition in every respect, that the +proper food is being served, that camp regulations are being obeyed and +that any illness is being cared for. She should improve every +opportunity to give the children something of usefulness and value by +calling their attention to the best and diverting it from all that is +not helpful. + +She should cultivate the ability to read the temperature of the group +and when necessary to forestall difficult situations, discuss with it +squarely, fairly, openly and truthfully any misunderstanding or +dissatisfactions and do away with them as soon as possible. + +If a Director is responsible for the money spent in running the camp she +should see that there is no waste and that the greatest possible returns +are procured for all expenditures. These will include such items as +food, cartage, labor, salaries, canteen supplies, materials for +occupational activities, necessary replenishing of household equipment, +and telephone calls. + +It is hardly possible to equip and run a camp on the income from a low +rate of board, but the running expenses should be met and the children +will help by cooperating to this end if encouraged to do so, even to the +point of cheerfully foregoing some of the things they like and want and +are accustomed to having at home. + +[Illustration: "A SLACK RAG OF CANVAS 'TWIXT YOU AND THE STARS." +Shipshape tents secure from wind, set up with stakes.] + +The condition of the equipment during and at the end of the camp season +is largely in the hands of the Director. Careful supervision, and a few +rules that are carried out, make it possible to use the same equipment +for many seasons before it begins to show wear. An occasional accident +may happen but this is unusual. It is well to remember either when +working with an individual or a group that it is only possible to form +habits by constant repetition. To tell a child to do something and not +to see that it is done, is of little value to the child or anyone else. +One of the chief duties of a Director is to know that the things are +done which have been mapped out as essential to the welfare of the +camper. + +Counsellors should meet often, even daily, with the Director and report +on the work being done, make suggestions for improvements and establish +a basis of cooperation. At such meetings plans for any special occasion +should be made and duties assigned. If the children need time to +themselves and entertainments for relaxation and to break the routine, +it is also true that the Director and Counsellors must have free time to +work out their individual problems and indulge in some form of play. An +occasional afternoon out of camp or the opportunity to have a little +party by themselves is suggested. In a large camp near the city, a full +day a week should be allowed to each Counsellor. + +The Director's work is unending from the opening to the closing of camp, +but she has a rare opportunity to work with girls, to help them in many +ways, some of which are quite personal, and perhaps to be an influence +for great good in their lives. All depends however, on what she is +herself, and what she considers is the purpose of the camp. + + +Personality + +No one is fitted to be a counsellor in a Girl Scout camp who does not +like to work with girls and who does not in a measure understand +children. The desire to be with them, to learn from them, and to help +them, is the only reason for accepting such a position. In addition one +should be equipped to teach at least one subject and able to make it of +such interest that it opens the mind to a new world. The ability to +cooperate is another essential quality, for when living with a group, we +may interpret individually, but what we interpret must be of common +understanding. While patience and sympathy are both needed in group +living, sentimentality is to be avoided. + +[Illustration: In high and dry Colorado, wall tents without floors, and +put up with ground pegs can suffice.] + +Hours of work have nothing to do with the duties of a camp counsellor. +She is on duty in one sense twenty-four hours out of every day, but her +work need not be arduous. If she becomes aware of anything which seems +to be, or is likely to become, a detriment to the camp it is her duty to +report the matter to the Director. There is a great deal of work which +can be done by counsellors which cannot be stipulated, but which rests +with them as individuals. + +The right word at the right moment always bears fruit. A suggestion of +tidiness to an untidy girl, a suggestion of kindness to the girl who is +quick and impulsive, a suggestion to use better language, or to lower +her voice or to improve her table manners, or to be more Scout-like, if +made to a child alone, and at an opportune moment, means much and is +appreciated. The best results are obtained when we can realize that each +child holds within herself the perfect Scout ideal and that because of +her limited ideas, lack of understanding, environment, the negative +suggestions constantly being made to her, she fails to express it. One +work of the camp counsellor is to help her by example, and by word, to +give up these erroneous ideas, and to _stress being a Scout_. + +Nearly all children have a dramatic instinct and love to act. Help them +to act the part of a Scout. In this way they are forming a habit that +means something. + + + + +III + +THE CAMPER + + +A Girl Scout camp is the Scout's own camp, and she should feel the +responsibility of making it and keeping it in as Scout-like a way as +possible. There are two things for her to work for, the Camp spirit and +the maintaining of Scout standards. It is said that with a group, +"morale" is in importance to work, as _three_ is to _one_. This theory +has been proved by experts who have experimented with small and large +groups. It is well to make the Scout Laws the Laws of the camp. They +must, however, be understood and lived up to to be effective and for +this reason time must be taken each day to talk about them, discuss them +and make them of practical value. + +Fortunately in every Scout camp a group of girls will be found who are +born leaders. Those in that group who are awake to the Scout ideals are +of the greatest help in all matters and should be encouraged. They can +accomplish much by way of example and in some cases can handle a +situation as well if not better than a Director. Work delegated to them +should be explained carefully and inspected for their sake as well as +others, and any lack of thoroughness or judgment pointed out and +explained that they may learn the better way. + +[Illustration: This Mess Hall is open to wind and sun, but rolled up +canvas walls are ready to be dropped.] + +Those girls who are negative in thought and action, should be watched +and every effort made to help them to come into line. They are bound to +have followers and this group causes trouble generally through +misunderstanding and ignorance. There should be but one interest on the +part of each camper and that is _to be a Scout_, not only in looks but +in thought and deed. This is sometimes hard, for conditions are not all +as they are in one's home, and to adjust one's ways of living, +especially in regard to eating, is not easy. + +It might be well for the camper to realize that the object of a Scout +camp is to give the best and as much as can be paid for by the income +from board, and that the price of board is small in order that all +Scouts may share in the joys of living in the open. With these facts in +mind it is easier to accept conditions that may not be just to our +liking. Wherever we choose to live, indoors or out of doors, alone or as +one of a group, we have to face certain facts which must be dealt with +and not ignored if we would be healthy and happy and have our +surroundings livable. + +In dealing with these facts there is certain work to be done which a +good many people call "drudgery," but if this work were neglected those +very people would be the first to complain. + +We must eat to live, therefore, food must be prepared, cooked, and +served, dishes washed and wiped, tables set, and kitchen and mess hall +kept clean in every respect. + +We must sleep to maintain health so beds and bed-clothing are necessary. +These need care as well as the sleeping room, and all personal +belongings in it. + +We must be clean to be decent, and try as hard as we will, trash +collects and must be properly disposed of. Wash houses and latrines are +necessary and they must be kept clean. + +Who should be more interested in doing this work and in doing it well +than the Scout herself? She should take the greatest pride in keeping +her camp up to the highest standard always. It can be done without great +effort on the part of any one Scout if each one tries to remember a few +things, among them: + +1. That thoughtfulness reduces the amount of work to be done and saves +time and money. + +[Illustration: "BY THE SHINING BIG SEA WATER." A Mess Tent for use in +clear, dry weather.] + +2. That unless the work _is_ done conditions will be unbearable and camp +will close. + +3. That the work she does benefits herself as well as others. It is the +waste and trash thrown or laid down where it does not belong, work half +done that has to be done over, thinking of our own desires instead of +the Scout standards, that are at the root of any trouble. Do not call +the camp duties drudgery, call them opportunities for service. + +4. The fact that the Girl Scout pays board does not absolve her from +this work. If the Scouts do all that they can to be of service, and +serve cheerfully, many opportunities are offered them that otherwise +would be prohibitive. + +Every girl entering a Scout camp has placed before her a camp program +which if taken advantage of offers her the best the camp affords. There +are always girls who accept the program and use it in full. They know +that in order to BE PREPARED they must grasp every opportunity to +develop along Scout lines. On the other hand there are girls who seem +too lacking in interest, too blind to the opportunities, too inert to +take advantage of it, and they leave camp having missed the very things +for which they came. + +The helpful Scouts who belong to the former group are real camp helpers, +and the Director can always depend upon them, the Counsellors can depend +upon them, and they are the power which makes or mars the success of the +camp. + +It is in camp that girls have the opportunity to express themselves +along lines quite different from those used during their ordinary daily +life. Entertainments are always hailed with delight, and any Scout who +does a good stunt, takes part in a play, or gives expression through +dancing, reciting, or singing, is contributing to the fun and joy of +all. + +Aside from parties and plays and other fun-giving times, there is Scout +work which can be done in camp better than anywhere else. This work +includes the study of nature lore, woodcraft, certain forms of +handicraft, swimming, and hiking. The advantage of spending a part of +each day on these subjects as well as the Grade Tests and Merit Badge +tests, is found in the fact that the Counsellors are prepared to give +the work in the best possible way and under the best conditions. + +Also there is inspiration in seeing what other girls do and in trying to +do as well if not a little better. Then too, what is learned in camp is +taken back home to the girls who have not been privileged to go to camp, +and they gain through the camper's experience. There are a few things +which every Scout should know after living in the open for a few weeks. +One is that we are dependent upon people, and that people are dependent +upon us; therefore, we must equip ourselves to give; another is that the +great out of doors is full of interesting things which can give us far +greater happiness if we learn to know them and try for a time for each +year to live with them, than the things to which we turn during the +winter for recreation and excitement. + +[Illustration: THE CAMP LIVING ROOM] + + + + +IV + +THE CAMP HOUSE + + _"Here's life: a slack rag of canvas 'twixt you and the stars.... + Not penned in a thing four-square and murk, but free + On your feet, a thumbed road-map your guide, worlds ahead, God above; + For companions, the seasons; for events, the blue birds, the magpies, + Butterflies, columbines, all the myriad throng of the road folk, + Chance-met. That, I say, is to live."_ + + +TENTS + +The kind of shelter which will be suitable and practicable for your camp +depends more or less upon the number of people to be accommodated, the +length of the camp season, and the camp site. For short time camps, for +small groups, or for older people, or when building is impossible, tents +only can be used. In such cases there would be need of a tent for a mess +and assembly room, a tent for the kitchen, a small waterproof tent in +which to store provisions, a small tent for covering a latrine and tents +for sleeping quarters. + +The main tent for a mess hall and assembly room combined, should be +large, placed with some regard for a view of the surrounding country, +sun, air and general camp scheme. (p. 25.) It should be furnished with +tables, benches, and so forth, all of which can be moved out of the way +when the room is to be used for recreational purposes. The kitchen +should not be too far away, but back of the main tent and should be so +placed that all of the air possible may blow through it. There should be +a long cook table with a shelf over it, if possible, hung from the ridge +pole, or supported with uprights fastened to the table. Also a table +which can be used for dish washing. It would be well to have in +addition to the kitchen stove which is in this tent, cooking fire places +outside of the tent which could be used in pleasant weather. One of the +most practical of these is built of stone, with a back wall and two +sides, with two rods, the ends resting on the side walls and near enough +together to hold the average size pots and kettles. If stones are not +available two large logs can be placed V shape not quite meeting at the +narrow end, 1-1/2 feet apart at the other end, and the fire built in +between. Cross bars of iron or a grating can be put over the fire to +hold the pots and kettles. While it is convenient and practical to use +out of door fire places for cooking when the group is very small it is +most difficult to do so when the group is large. The work can be done, +however, with greater ease by the use of the iron bars already spoken +of. + +[Illustration: BUSINESS END OF THE CAMP HALL] + +The storage tent can have portable shelves and a low platform on which +to place barrels, boxes, and so forth. This tent should be pitched under +a large tree where it will be in the shade all of the time. A good store +closet can be made by digging into the side of a hill, boarding the +inside or facing it with stone and putting in shelves, and having a very +thick, well fitted door. + +A more simple storage room, but not advisable except for a small camp, +is to dig a hole in the ground, line it with stone, place boards over +the top, leave a small opening for a lid or a hinged trap door and cover +the boards with earth, leaving the door free. If ice is available a +piece put into a pail can be set in this compartment. + +In all of these out of door store places great care must be taken that +no animals, insects or flies get at the provisions. Covered tins, or +dishes and bags can be used for safety. When the camp is to be opened +only for a short period it is quite possible to put provisions into +pails tightly covered and set in running water in the shade. + + +Type of Tents + +Whenever tents are to be used in a camp, they should be purchased with +care and pitched properly. There are on the market several different +types of tents: the army wall tent (p. 10.) which should always be +pitched with a fly and be opened at both ends, the conical and the +pyramidal tents. The two latter are not recommended for general use. +They are erected with one center pole, which is always in the way, and +have to be pegged to the ground, thus making guy ropes a nuisance rather +than a convenience. These tents are, however, picturesque in effect. (p. +12.) + +When ordering tents always stipulate the size and the weight and width +of the material to be used. Army duck, 10 oz. double fill for the tent +and 8 oz. double fill for the fly, width 29 inches, will give the best +satisfaction. + +[Illustration: The Wash House for Personal and Laundry use. Faucets hang +from above. Inclined trough between two shelves, the whole, zinc +covered, runs length of house. Two soapstone tubs for extra hard +scrubbing at right. Special compartment at left for officers.] + +The size of the tents for sleeping will depend somewhat on the character +of the site. Where the ground is very sloping, trees close, space +limited, small tents will have to be used; either 7 x 9 or 9 x 9's. +These tents which will accommodate two people, should always be used to +house counsellors, but are not recommended for children as a general +thing. The larger tents, 14 x 14 or 14 x 16 will accommodate eight cots +and give ample space for personal equipment. + +For short trips there are small lightweight, waterproof tents which can +be rolled so that they take up very little space in transportation. They +are pitched over ground cloths, with one pointed rod and metal spikes +for pegging the tent to the ground. These tents hold two people. (pp. +78, 80, 82.) + + +The Tent Floor and Support + +Tents should always be pitched over wooden floors which are raised well +from the ground. (p. 16.) They should be built with square corners and +braced on the under side. The dimensions of each floor should be the +same as the length and width of the tent to be pitched over it. They +should only be put into place after considering the direction of the +sun, the prevailing winds, their relation to each other and the general +camp plan. + +Large floors should be raised several inches from the ground and +supported with posts or flat stones at each corner, at the center of +each side and at intervals under the center of the floor to keep them +from sagging. When putting up a wall tent instead of using pegs, build a +frame work running parallel to the sides of the tent to which the guy +ropes can be fastened. (p. 18) This frame is made by driving into the +ground opposite the two sides of the tent floor, and 3 feet from it, +three posts, each 3 or 4 inches in diameter, and long enough to extend +when set, above the tent floor a distance equal to the height of the +tent wall, plus five inches. One post should be placed opposite the +center of each side, the others on a line with it and opposite the +corners of the floor. Nail securely to the outside of the posts and two +or three inches from the tops a strip which will extend beyond the end +posts 6 or 8 inches. Unless the ground is rocky the posts need not be +braced. If care is taken to measure and place the posts correctly the +frame will be evenly made and look trim. Small tree trunks can be used +for posts and strips, where wood is plentiful; otherwise 2 x 4's can be +used. + +Where tent floors are found to be prohibitive, tents must be pitched +over dry, well drained ground. In addition a ground cloth should be +used and a ditch dug on either side of the tent to carry off rain water. + +[Illustration: Camp for a single Scout Troop. Three tents and simple +accessories enough for week-end trip.] + +Tents without floors are of course used when hiking or camping for a +short time only, or in exceptional climates. (p. 20.) Specific +directions for pitching tents are given in a later section. + +A small group of girls wishing to build their own camp could make two or +three lean-tos, using trees five or six inches in diameter, saplings, +boughs and vines, the latter for binding the thatch roof to the beams. +The lean-tos should be faced so the sun will shine into them some part +of the day, turned away from the prevailing winds and each one should +have in front of it a fireplace to be used for cooking as well as for +keeping the lean-to dry and warm. (pp. 105, 110, 112.) + +A group of girls could also build a slab house with a good floor, a +wooden roof covered with tar paper, windows, door and even build a +fireplace, the completed building giving them permanent camp quarters. +(pp. 96, 118, 122.) + +LOG HOUSES + +Whenever possible it is most desirable to erect for the main camp +building a house, rustic in design if built in the woods, (p. 23.) which +includes a large room for mess hall and recreational purposes, kitchen, +store closet, ice room. (Cut A.) The types and floor plans of such +houses vary greatly, but certain things are essential in all. They +should afford protection in bad weather, some warmth in cold weather, +ample space for serving mess, room for entertainments, meetings and so +forth; a conveniently arranged kitchen, and proper facilities for the +care of food. Some of these houses are built with the main room simply +roofed over and railed in. As delightful as these open mess halls are in +pleasant weather, they are not altogether practicable in all climates, +and under all weather conditions. + +Some protection is gained by enclosing the room to a height of 3-1/2 or +4 feet and having the eaves overhang for 3 feet, or by having canvas +curtains which can be raised or lowered in bad weather. If the room is +enclosed entirely it should have many large windows, and wide outside +doors. + +The main feature in the room should be the fireplace. (p. 27.) The +larger it is the better so long as it is in keeping with its +surroundings. The benches and tables should be made and arranged so they +can be easily moved out of the way when extra floor space is needed. + +There should be a door leading into the kitchen and a serving window +near the door, with a broad shelf on either side of it. The kitchen +needs many windows and a back door conveniently placed. (p. 29.) + +[Illustration: A. Floor Plan for Mess Hall for Camp of 150 to 200 Girls] + +The kitchen should be equipped with a good stove having ovens and hot +water tank and be large enough to admit of holding big boilers and +kettles. If there is no hot water tank a large boiler can be kept on top +of the stove in which to heat water. Better still, when possible, use a +Standard Oil oil heater and boiler, and have hot water pipe connections. +This of course is only possible when there is a tank and power of some +kind to pump up the water. There should be in the kitchen ample table +space, convenient places for keeping all pots and kettles, hanging +spoons and other small articles, a generous wood box that there may +always be dry wood at hand, and if there is running water a sink +conveniently placed. + +The store closet should open out of the kitchen and be on the north side +of the house. It should have a raised platform 18 or 20 inches wide, +against the wall on one side of the room, on which should be placed all +barrels, large boxes, etc. holding food. There should be ample shelf +space, a broad table, plenty of ventilation, and all windows should be +covered with netting. + +If possible to have an ice box it can stand in this room. Better than a +portable ice box is an ice room which is built into one corner of the +store room, the walls, floor and ceiling of which are double, lined with +tar paper and the space of four inches between them filled with sawdust +or cork. The door into the store room should be very heavy, made double +and fitted closely. The small ice door can be on the outside of the +building, made like the large door, fitted closely and opening into the +ice compartment. The ice compartment should be lined with zinc and a +slatted door should open into it from the ice room. The bottom of the +ice compartment should tip slightly to one corner from which an overflow +pipe should be run to the outside of the building. A slat bottom made in +sections and placed in the compartment protects the zinc and helps to +preserve the ice. The ice compartment can be high enough from the floor +to admit of large milk cans, tubs of butter, etc., being stored under +it. Shelves can be placed along the sides of the walls. The ice room +should be ventilated by means of a vent pipe up through the roof to the +open. + +Such a building as described makes housekeeping for a family of one +hundred and fifty or two hundred possible, with only one cook and a +squad of Scouts. + +In place of tents for sleeping quarters small cabins made of wood and +screening, or wood, canvas and screening, can be used. They add greatly +to the expense of building the camp, but being permanent do away with +the expense and labor of taking down and storing. + +It is sometimes possible to find an old house or a barn which can be +utilized for camp quarters, and with a little ingenuity made most +attractive and practical. + +There is a great deal to be learned by living in a well-planned, +well-ordered house or camp, much of which is of lasting value. For this +reason no opportunity should be lost to give these advantages to the +Scouts. + + +Wash House + +A wash house for general use is most desirable. Where there is no +running water a long table covered with zinc and placed under a tent +fly, a board walk either side of the table, and three or four large +pitchers for water is a good arrangement. This equipment should be +placed in an open, sunny spot where the drainage is good, and away from +the tents if the waste water is to be thrown out on the ground. + +Where a group is small every six or eight girls may have a shelf placed +between two trees, which would serve as a wash stand. Pitchers must be +provided for each stand and a system for keeping them filled worked out. + +A type of wash house which is most satisfactory where there is +plumbing, is made as follows. (p. 31.) Build an oblong platform and over +it a roof supported by posts and covered with tar paper. Through the +center of the house build a trough, with inclined bottom, and a shelf +slightly tipped toward the trough, either side of it. Cover the inside +of the trough and the shelves with zinc. At the lower end of the trough +have a waste pipe which runs into a cesspool. Over the trough supported +from the roof run a water pipe from which depend at intervals, pipes +with automatic faucets. At the low end of the trough two wash tubs can +be placed at right angles to the wash table both of which should connect +with the trough drain pipe. Enclose the other end of the house and make +two small private wash rooms, the partition between them being over and +under the center of the trough, a faucet in each. These rooms are to be +used by counsellors, or by children when given special permission. + +[Illustration: + + Name_____________________________ Age____ + Address__________________________________ + Parent's Name____________________________ + Telephone No.________________ + Arrives_____________ Leaves______________ + Tent____ Cot____ + On Entrance On Leaving + Height ____ins. ____ins. + Weight ____lbs. ____lbs. + +B. Tag for Scouts arriving in Camp. Should be 5" by 3" and filed for use +in camp record.] + + +CAMP REGULATIONS + + The Scout Laws are the Laws of this camp: apply + them at all times and see what happens. + + Camp boundaries are for a purpose, do not go + beyond them without permission from a counsellor + or the Director. + + Rest hours, from taps to reveille and after + dinner, are a necessity to health; observe them by + sleeping. Do not talk, it disturbs others. + + For the sake of cleanliness take no food of any + kind, or liquids of any kind into any tent used + for sleeping quarters. + + Keep the Health Record of the camp high by + reporting at once to the nurse or Director any + sickness, accident or ill health. + + First aid supplies when required can be obtained + from the nurse, no one else is to touch them. + + Trash boxes are labor saving devices, use them for + all trash, rather than throwing the trash on the + ground. + + Food sent or brought to camp for individual Scouts + will not be delivered. + + + + +V + +GENERAL ROUTINE FROM OPENING TO CLOSING CAMP + + +After the site is obtained, necessary buildings finished, grounds +cleaned, stove in place, water tested and connections made if there is +to be plumbing, the equipment and provisions should be sent in to camp. +A week is none too long a time to allow, even if there are many hands to +unpack, put the camp in running order, make out the program, camp +regulations, etc., and select sites for classes. + +If possible have the counsellors spend this week in camp with the +Director and help in doing this work. Being together for work and some +play will prepare them to take up the duties of the summer and if any of +them are not Scouts then is the time to tell them of the Scout work, its +aims and so forth. Without this information it is difficult to have true +cooperation. + +When opening a large camp be sure, when the campers arrive, to have it +in the condition in which it is to be kept. First impressions are deep +impressions as a rule, even though unfair many times. + + +Pitching Tents + +Perhaps the most difficult work to be done, especially for one who knows +little about it is the pitching of the tents, yet when simple rules are +followed the task is not beyond a group of young women even when the +tents are large. Remember that the beauty of a tent lies in its +trimness. It should look smart. The canvas must have no wrinkles, poles +must be straight, ropes taut and properly fastened. + +First of all see that the tent floors and frame work are as they should +be, or lacking a frame work, that pegs are at hand. Examine poles and +make sure they are of the right height and length for the tent. If a +wall tent is to be pitched lay it on floor, inside down, the fly on top +of it. Run the ridge pole under the center of the tent from end to end +curved side next to the canvas; at either end of the tent at right +angles to the ridge pole and parallel to each other place a tent pole +which is the right length for the height of the tent. Put the spindle in +the end of each pole through the holes in the ridge pole, and the +eyelets in the tent and tent fly ridge. + +[Illustration: SERVING TABLE] + +Two people, one at each pole, on signal, raise the tent into position by +lifting the poles and carrying them into place. They should stand +opposite each other, at the center of either end of the tent floor. +While the poles are held in place, two other people should fasten +temporarily the corner ropes of the tent and fly. Tie the flaps into +position, fasten the corner rope loops in the bottom edge of the tent to +nails in the edge of the floor, and proceed to adjust the guy ropes. Do +not pull the tent out of line or have one rope tighter than another. +Use a clove hitch for tying the ropes to the strips. The ropes of the +tent should go under the strip for the first turn, the fly ropes over. +By so doing the roof of the tent and the fly will be kept apart, a most +important point; in fact they should never touch except at the ridge. + +Fasten the tent to the floor by putting the rope loops in the bottom of +the tent over long nails driven into the edge of the tent floor at the +proper places. When all ropes are fastened and the tent looks as it +should, loosen the bottom at each end, untie the flaps, and hold them +back by fastening one of the ropes in the bottom of the flap into the +loop at the top corner of the tent wall. + +Put the tent number on each pole. Cots can now be opened and placed, +blankets shaken, sunned, folded and put on the foot of the cots with a +pillow inside of each blanket. Basins go under the cots toward the head. + +While four or five people are attending to the sleeping quarters others +should be washing, wiping and putting away all table ware, and the cook +arranging the kitchen, store room and ice house. All small equipment +must be put in place; a tent or room provided for the nurse's quarters +and First Aid supplies unpacked, an office equipped with all +necessities, counsellors' tents put in order, firewood stacked, lanterns +cleaned and filled, wash houses, latrines, bath house, boats in +readiness, program and camp regulations posted, in short, everything in +order, for when one hundred or more Scouts descend upon a camp, everyone +is kept busy helping them and there is no time to be given to equipment. + +Special mention must be made of two things: first, the precautionary +need of fire extinguishers to be hung in the kitchen, mess hall, and +other wooden buildings, (buckets of water not being advised unless +chemical extinguishers are not obtainable); second, the importance of +the Director's office being equipped with record books, files, +stationery, and a money box; all very simple, but there. + +[Illustration: SORTING THE VEGETABLES] + +A small group of Scouts can make ready their own camp in many cases, but +it does not seem feasible for a large group to do so. + + +Housekeeping Outdoors + +Because in camp we live in the open, and away from the conventional +surroundings of city life, is no reason why we should feel that anything +is good enough, as concerns the table and the serving of meals. The way +the table is set, the food brought to it, served, dishes removed, washed +and wiped, does make a difference to everyone of us whether we are +conscious of it or not. Certain work has to be done and it is far better +to do it in an efficient way and in a way which will help us, than it is +to do it in an easy way, and perhaps get into very bad habits. It makes +no difference of what material dishes are made, or what the tablecloth +is, there is no excuse for not having everything clean and orderly and +attractive in its very simplicity. The camp table should be as well set +and according to the same rules, in as far as possible, as those a +Second Class Scout follows in her test. Those who act as waitresses +should do so with as much care and understanding of the right way to do +the work as do those Scouts who work for the Hostess Badge. + +[Illustration: TEAM WORK IN POTATO PARING] + +Dishes should be washed and wiped and dish towels washed according to +the rules laid down by the best authorities. (p. 61.) + +A good housewife throws away nothing that can be utilized. Therefore, +what is left in the serving dishes after a meal is over should be taken +to the kitchen, all of one kind put into a dish and kept for future +use. If quantities are well gauged and each Scout eats all that she +takes on her plates, there should be very little waste from the table. + +There are two ways of clearing a table, washing the dishes, and so +forth, which are used in camps. One is considered easier than the other +because it divides the work among the entire group, but there is a +question as to whether it is as sanitary a way as the other, or as +helpful to the Scout. It is the method of having eight campers scrape +their dishes, stack them, fall in line, dishes in hand, and in +succession wash, rinse and wipe them in pans and with towels common to +that one group. As can readily be seen this methods breaks the rules +being taught to Scouts as to the proper way of washing dishes: namely, +to wash glass, first, silver next, change the water and wash saucers, +cups, plates and so forth. No mother would think of having each member +of the family stack her dishes, take them to the sink, wash and wipe +them and put them away. This method would be considered most inefficient +and confusing. + +A better way is to have two girls from every table of sixteen, +responsible for the dining room work, this work to be done under +supervision and according to the most approved standards. Of course, +this work is relayed so that each girl has a chance to learn it. + +There are many young women with homes of their own whose houses are +badly run because they have no idea how the daily housework should be +done. They cannot do it themselves and they cannot direct another. The +camp is the one place where the Scout can learn what to do and how to do +it, and use for the benefit of a large group the training which she +receives. There is not a mother who is not anxious to have her child +know how to do these homely tasks in the right way. + +[Illustration: THE TOWN PUMP] + +With a counsellor presiding at each table to help in serving and +maintaining order, there is no reason why each girl should not learn if +she has not already done so, the simple table manners which add so much +to her attractiveness. People are not born with good table manners; they +acquire them by being taught and by watching others, and sometimes a +good appetite and being hungry makes them unmindful of others and of +what they do, even if they have been taught. There is no desire on the +part of any Director to make of her camp a finishing school, but she +should be filled with a keen desire to make the most of every +opportunity to give what will be of help to the girls as Scouts and as +women. The time spent at the table can be most profitably filled by +guiding the conversation into interesting channels and by being merry, +while eating. + +The Mess Hall should always be kept swept, either a fire burning, or a +fire laid on the hearth if there is one, fresh flowers on the tables. +If the room is used also as a recreation room it may be possible to have +a writing table with writing materials on it for the benefit of all +campers. + + +Closing Camp + +As the camp days begin to draw to a close prepare for that last day when +every bit of equipment must be packed away, every nook and corner left +clean and the last camper silently steals away. + +Use what provisions are on hand, buy only what is needed from day to +day. Begin to pack and clear out wherever possible, but do not let this +work interfere with the program which should be continued to within a +day or two of closing, or the giving of a last grand party, a fancy +dress or masquerade affair with "eats," as campers would say. + +The Scouts can be most helpful after their personal equipment is packed +and out of the tents. They can assemble blankets, pillows and basins, +sweep tent floors, collect and burn all trash, leaving the grounds +clean. When all is ready for their departure let Assembly sound and with +every Scout in line on the field, have the colors lowered. Then come +goodbyes and general leave-takings. + +It is well for the Director personally to inspect the Scouts before they +leave camp, that she may know in a general way their condition. This can +be done after they assemble and before the flag is lowered. + +If arrangements are made with the counsellors to remain for a few days +after the Scouts leave, all working part of the time and playing some of +the time, camp can be closed without much difficulty. + +Tents must be taken down, folded and numbered to correspond with tent +pole and ridge pole numbers. No tent should be folded till dry, as it +is sure to mildew if put away damp. + +[Illustration: SCRUBBING UP BEFORE MEALS] + +Blankets must be carefully inspected, shaken, brushed and allowed to +hang in the sun all day before folding evenly, counting and packing for +the winter. If there are any signs of soil they should be cleansed +before storing. If boxed or laid on shelves or benches and covered +snugly they can be kept in perfect condition. + +Pillows should be treated in the same way as blankets as regards care +and storage. + +Lanterns should be emptied and cleaned. All dishes should be washed, +wiped, counted, packed in barrels. All kitchen ware should be treated in +the same way. + +Any provisions left--there should be practically none--can be disposed +of by selling or giving away. Amount and kind will determine that +question. + +The kitchen stove must be cleaned and if it is to remain in camp should +be covered with grease and boarded up unless it is to be used during the +winter by campers. Store all equipment in a dry, light room and _do not +fail to have it insured_. + +The Director should be the last one to leave camp. She should make a +round of inspection and be sure all is well before closing the camp +doors for the long winter months. + + + + +VI + +CAMP RECORDS AND ACCOUNTS + + +Not only is the keeping of camp records a necessity, but certain records +are of great value in planning future camps. Also personal records are +of value during the winter to Local Councils and Directors, and in some +cases to the National Headquarters. + +Every Scout entering camp should have a record tag similar to the one +shown in Cut B, which when filled out is kept on file during her stay in +camp, and transferred to another file the day she leaves camp. Her +height and weight should be taken in camp the day of or the day after +her arrival, and if possible when she is in her bathing suit. Similar +measurements should be taken the day she leaves camp. A personal record +of all tests passed may be kept on the back of the card. It would be of +interest to parents and of value to the Director when making out a camp +report. + + +Tent Record + +A tent record in convenient form is absolutely necessary. Scouts +entering camp in large groups on a given date must be placed with as +little delay as possible. Those approximately of one age should be in +the same tents. Also friends like to be together. To know at a glance +what cots are Vacant in any one tent is of help. Also at a glance the +length of time a child has been in camp can be told, the date of coming +and going being recorded. The accompanying Cut C shows a system which +has served its good uses in more than one camp. Perhaps it will be of +service to others. A sheet of fairly heavy paper for each tent record +can be used, and all sheets put in a cover and held in place by clips. +The dates of the month when groups can enter camp are placed at the +left. Every square means a week. Ditto marks mean "remaining in camp," +and X means leaving camp and signifies an empty cot. At a glance three +cots are seen to be vacant on August 6th, and when new Scouts arrive, as +they should after the outgoing group has gone, it is not difficult for +the Director to place them. + + ---------------------------------------------------------------------- + TENT NO I + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + Cot# | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + July | Jones| Brown| Wood |Frilop |Di Santo |Foster |Kearns|Tierney + 1 | | | | | | | | + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + | | x | | x | | | | + 8 | " |Rees | " | Rice | " | " | " | " + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + | | | x | | | | x | + 15 | " | " |Fay | " | " | " |Greer | " + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + 22 | " | " | " | " | " | " | " | " + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + | x | | | | x | x| | x + 29 |Green | " | " | " | | | " | Warren + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + August| | x | | x | | | | + 6 | " | | " | Phillips| | | " | + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + | | | x| | | | | + 13 | " | | | | | | | + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + 20 | " | | | | | | | + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + 27 | " | | | | | | | + ------|------|------|------|---------|---------|-------|------|------- + +[Illustration: C. Tent Chart for assigning reservations] + + +Health Certificate + +[Illustration: HEALTH CERTIFICATE + +The following must be filled out by a physician _within three days_ of +the time the girl enters camp. It should preferably be done by someone +who has known her for some time. The object of this certificate is: (1) +to safeguard child and others against contagious diseases; (2) to make a +basis for judging the suitability of camp life for her, and make +possible any necessary precautions, particularly in regard to exercise. + + I, ......................................................... + have this day,......................,19 personally examined + ............................................................ + ........years, of................................,........., + and believe the following to be a complete statement as to her + health and bodily condition: + +_Contagious disease_: State child's condition and whether she has been +exposed and if any quarantine is necessary. + + _Nutrition_: Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor + _Anemia_: Hemoglobin content: + _Prepubertal_ or _postpubertal_. Menstruation: Established + Any disturbance? + + _Eyes_: R L Glasses? _Ears_: R L + _Nose_: _Throat_: _Teeth_: + _Muscles_: + _General Nervous System_: + _Stomach_: _Bowels_: + _Skin_: _Head_: _Skeletal_: Back + Feet + _Temperature_: + _Heart_: Rhythm: Sounds: Any disturbance? + _Blood Pressure_: Systolic: Diastolic: Compensation: + _Lungs_: + + As a general summing-up of recommendations in regard to whole + condition outlined above, I recommend the following: + + 1. Diet: + 2. Rest: + 3. Exercise: + a. Should keep quiet. + b. Can exercise moderately. + c. Any reasonable exercise. + d. Can take heavy exercise. + e. Can (cannot) walk swim run jump + climb + 4. General camp life: + 5. Additional notes:] + +Another record of great importance and interest is the Health +Certificate shown on page 52, which should be kept on file in camp and +later in the office of the Local Council for a period of three months, +and then forwarded to the National Headquarters, Girl Scouts, Education +Department, for use in compiling a Scout Health record. If during a +Scout's stay in camp she is ill, meets with an accident or needs the +attention of a nurse in any way, the date, a note stating the trouble, +and what was done for the child, as well as her height and weight at +entrance and leaving, can be entered on the back of the certificate. The +form shown was made by the Education Department of National Headquarters +of Girl Scouts, and it is expected that it will be on sale and available +for use by all Local Councils. + + +Petty Cash Record + +The petty cash record is an important department of record keeping. A +day book, balanced each day, should be carefully kept noting all income +and expenditures, and if much money passes through the cash box the +Director should have a petty cash bank account in order properly to care +for it. + + +Canteen Record + +The canteen record is perhaps the most difficult as it is a combination +of a wholesale and a retail transaction and more or less involved in the +general house expenses. Not only should a record be kept of all goods +purchased at wholesale, as to quantity and price and when bill is paid, +but a record of daily sales is absolutely necessary. Canteen cash at the +end of each day should be handed over to the Director and entered in the +petty cash book. + +The accompanying Cut D is a suggested form for keeping the canteen +accounts. + + +Record of Provisions and Equipment + +[Illustration: THE CAMP CANTEEN + +1. SAMPLE DAILY CASH ACCOUNT (Report by Items as Sold) + + -----|-----|----------------------------|-----------------------------|-------|-------|-----|----- + Date | | APPLES | CHOCOLATE BARS | | | | + -----|-----|----------------------------|-----------------------------| Day |Rec'd |Short|Over + | |Rec'd Ret'd Sold Price Total|Rec'd Ret'd Sold Price Total | Total | | | + -----|-----|----------------------------|-----------------------------|-------|-------|-----|----- + July | 6 | 50 30 20 $0.05 $1.00 | 30 10 20 $0.07 1.40 | $2.40 | $2.28 |$0.12| + | 7 | 40 20 20 .05 1.00 | 20 0 20 .07 1.40 | 2.40 | 2.45 | |$0.05 + | 8 | 60 20 40 .04 1.60 | 40 5 35 .07 2.45 | 4.05 | 4.05 | | + | 9 | 50 25 25 .05 1.25 | 30 10 20 .07 1.40 | 2.65 | 2.72 | |$0.07 + | 10 | 40 10 30 .05 1.50 | 20 0 20 .07 1.40 | 2.90 | 2.90 | | + | 11 | 30 0 30 .05 1.50 | 20 0 20 .07 1.40 | 2.90 | 2.90 | | + -----|-----|----------------------------|-----------------------------|-------|-------|-----|---- + Wkly. Total. 270 105 165 $7.85 |160 25 135 $9.45 |$17.30 |$17.30 | | + ----------------------------------------|-----------------------------|-------|-------|-----|---- + + +2. WHOLESALE CANTEEN ACCOUNT: MONTHLY + + ----------------------------------------------|----------------------------------- + RECEIVED IN JULY | PAID IN JULY + ----|--|-------------------------------|------|------------|------|--------------- + Date| | | | Date | | Notes + July| 3| 3 bbls. Apples @ $5.00 |$15.00|July 8 Cash |$15.00|Try Russets next + | | 2 boxes Oranges @ $3.00 | 6.00| Cash | 6.00| + | 5| 1 case Tomatoes | 2.50| 10 Check| 2.50|Indian Brand + | | 4 boxes Chocolate Bars @ $1.20| 4.80| 12 Cash | 4.80|Too small + ----|--|-------------------------------|------|------------|------|--------------- + Monthly Total |$28.30| |$28.30| + ---------------------------------------|------|------------|------|---------------- + +D. Camp Canteen Account Forms. The Canteen should buy from general camp +stores and keep account with camp Director] + +A very careful record must be kept of all provisions ordered, and when +the goods are delivered the lists should be checked. No bills for food +should be paid that have not been viseed by the Director. A record of +all equipment and notes as to the condition it is in should be made at +the close of each camp season. + + +Miscellaneous Records + +Where there are materials furnished for any camp activities such as +raffia and reed for basketry there should be a separate record kept for +this department. Many times the Scouts who make baskets are anxious to +buy them and by charging a small price beyond cost the department can +pay for itself and possibly show a small profit. + +A general day book, sometimes called the Camp Log, is not only of +interest at the end of the season, but if a few comments are added to +facts the book may be of real value another year. It is always a good +plan to make a note of any occasion which particularly pleases, or is of +special benefit, for these notes are of service particularly when +circumstances do not seem the brightest. Many times a suggestion is all +that is necessary to turn the tide of the whole day. Such a book is of +help in writing a report. + +It is sometimes interesting for the children to keep a record of the +different kinds of wild flowers found and the birds seen in the vicinity +of the camp. + +Field day programs and records are also of interest. + +Another record is of hikes taken by campers during the summer. The +route, the time of starting, the hour of returning, the number of girls +who took the hike and any special point of interest noticed on the way, +may be recorded. + + +The Keeping of Records + +[Illustration: + +Twin Lake Council of Girl Scouts + +Western Lane, New England + +I hereby make application for: + + Name............................ Age....... + + Address................... Tel. No......... + + Troop No....... + + City....................................... + + To enter the Girl Scout Camp: July......... + + August....... + + And leave July......... + + August....... + + September..... + +and I hereby agree to pay in advance to the Twin Lake Council the +transportation charge from Western Lane of $2.00 and to pay board at the +rate of $6.00 per week, payable in advance weekly. + + Date.......... + + Signed......................... + + Relation: + +E. Application Form] + +The keeping of the Scout's application, deposit, board and +transportation record plus the responsibility of so planning that there +is never a vacant cot in camp is a matter which takes a great deal of +time at best, but which can be more easily done if a good system is +used. The records are generally kept in the office of the Local Council +under whose direction the camp is opened and run. Application blanks, +(Cut E) should be filed according to date of entering camp and kept on +file under the heading "In Camp," as long as the Scout is there, then +transferred to the "Left Camp" file and kept for reference. + +Ten days prior to the date of entering camp a follow-up notice should be +sent to each Scout who should report to the local office, pay for +transportation, receive tickets for same, pay for first week's board and +receive a receipt for same. + +The identification tag which must be taken to camp and given to the +Director upon arrival should be filled in and given to the Scout, when +she leaves. + +In addition to the individual account card (Cut F.) record, all money +received for deposits, transportation or board should be entered in a +camp day book and deposited under camp account. + +Any donations received for camp may also be entered in this book and +deposited as "Donations." + +[Illustration: + + --------------------------------------------------------------- + |Name...........................................................| + | | + |Address........................................................| + |---------+------------------------------+-------+-------+------| + | | | | | | + | 1920 | | Money | Check | Cash | + | Dates | | Order | | | + | Mar. 1 |Filed Application, Paid | | | | + | | Deposit | 1.00 | | | + | July 1 | Enters Camp | | | | + | July 22 | Leaves Camp | | | | + | June 28 | Paid for Transportation | | | 2.00| + | June 21 | Paid for first week's board | 5.00 | | | + | July 1 | Paid for second week's board | | 6.00 | | + | July 15 | Paid for third week's board | 6.00 | | | + ---------+------------------------------+-------+-------+------ + +F. Individual Account Card] + +The Local Office should notify the camp Director at least two days +before sending Scouts into camp, as to the number and the names of +Scouts who will report to her, and thus give the Director time, if space +allows, to arrange for any girl or girls who may desire to remain in +camp for an additional week. + +[Illustration: THE BREAD LINE] + +The Director in turn must send to the Local Office a list of all Scouts +leaving camp that any unexpected vacancies may be filled from the +waiting list and accounts adjusted. + + +The Camp Budget + +Every camp should be run on a budget; that is, according to a plan of +expenditure made on the best information available. Even if +circumstances alter the original plan, as they are apt to do, each +dollar whose expenditure is planned for will be found to bring in +considerably more return than the casually disbursed one. + +The following items to be considered in any camp budget are given in +order of their numerical importance: + + 1. Food. Includes carriage cost. + + 2. Equipment. General and Special. The General and + Special Equipment will be considered permanent + camp property requiring renewal and replacement at + various annual rates. + + 3. Transportation. This will cover all railway + charges and boat fares for Scouts and counsellors, + and shipping charges on general merchandise other + than food. + + 4. Rental or Purchase Price of Land. This may or + may not include rent on the houses, and will vary + accordingly. + + CAMP BUDGET PROVIDING FOR 134 SCOUTS AND 16 ADULTS FOR 10 WEEKS + --------------------------------------------------------------------- + FIRST YEAR FOLLOWING YEARS + + Distribution of Distribution of + Total $1,000 Total $1,000 + + 1 Food $3,000||||||||||||||||300 $3,000||||||||||||||||395 + + 2 Equipment 2,800|||||||||||||280 400||||53 + + 3 Transportation 1,000||||||100 1,000|||||||||||130 + + 4 Rent 700|||||70 700|||||||92 + + 5 Salaries[A] 700|||||70 700|||||||92 + + 6 Canteen 400|||40 400||||53 + + 7 Cartage 240||24 240|||32 + + 8 Wages 240||24 240|||32 + + 9 Labor 120||12 120||16 + Opening and + 10 Closing Camp 100||10 100||13 + + 11 Stamps 100||10 100||13 + + 12 Water Upkeep 100||10 100||13 + + 13 Boats 50|6 50|8 + + 14 Printing 60|6 60|8 + + 15 Telephone 60|6 60|8 + + 16 Storage 20|2 20|3 + + 17 All Other 300|||30 300|||39 + --------------------------------------------------------------------- + Grand Total $10,000 $1,000 $7,600 $1,000 + +[A] Six persons only. Director not included, paid yearly 8 volunteers + +[Illustration: G. Camp Budget] + + 5. Salaries. These will vary according to the size + and character of the camp and especially according + to the amount of volunteer service obtainable. In + all cases they are calculated in addition to + living and traveling expenses. As camps become + more numerous the demand for professionally + trained counsellors will ultimately exclude the + possibility of depending entirely on volunteer + service. This item may therefore be expected to + increase. + + 6. Canteen. All the expenses for this, including + service and accounting, should be more than + covered by receipts. + + 7. Cartage. This will vary according to the type + of road and distances involved. + + 8. Wages. A camp of any size demands certain + permanent forms of service which cannot be given + by the campers. This is not a good point at which + to economize. + + 9. Casual Labor. This must be provided for + especially at the opening and closing of camp. + + 10. Opening and Closing. This item covers certain + forms of skilled labor; also transportation and + clerical charges. + + 11. Stamps. Receipts should cover cost less office + supply. + + 12. Motor Upkeep. An automobile will be found to + more than pay for itself, and will undoubtedly + soon become an obvious prime necessity. + + 13. Boats. Boats may more profitably be rented + than bought as the expense of storage and repairs + is easier borne by a large company. + + 14. Printing. It pays to have all camp forms and + circulars well printed. + +[Illustration: RACE BETWEEN WASHER AND DRYER] + + 15. Telephone. This is a necessity and can be made + to pay for itself. + + 16. Storage. Careful storage saves equipment. Do + not forget insurance. + + 17. All Other. Incidentals may be expected to take + up three or four per cent of available funds. + +The actual cost of a large camp near New York is computed in Cut G, all +figures being given in round numbers and based on three years' +successful running. Absolute numbers mean little when considering +conditions throughout the country, particularly in this age of rapidly +shifting and climbing prices. Therefore, the figures are also expressed +in terms of the distribution of one thousand dollars, during the first +and also the following years. + +It will be noted that food is always the most expensive item. It is +also the common basis for comparison. Equipment which is second in cost +the first year, drops to fifth place in the following years. With +reasonable care equipment should last seven years, upkeep and renewal +taking one-seventh each year. With exceptional care the life of +equipment may of course be extended and one of the important things to +be learned at camp is thrift and consideration for the common property. + +Girl Scout camps should aim at becoming self-supporting or even sources +of revenue as soon as possible. It is good policy to charge a rate of +board that will cover _all_ costs, and then to raise money by Scout +rallies and entertainments to provide for individuals unable to meet the +full rate. Councils might well offer "scholarships" in the form of two +weeks' camping expenses. Money for original equipment should be borrowed +and paid back at interest in yearly sums. + +In the camp whose budget is shown a board rate of $6.00 would more than +cover expenses after the first year as with 134 Scouts paying for ten +weeks it would yield an income of $8,040. At this rate the initial +expense could only be paid off in about five years. + +A board rate of $7.00 would not only cover current expenses, but would +serve to pay off original cost of equipment in two years' time. Thus, +134 Scouts paying $7.00 a week for 10 weeks would make an income of +$9,380 a season. This would leave a deficit the first year of $620. The +second year with the current expenses $7,600 plus the deficit of $620 +the total would be $8,220. The income of $9,380 would therefore give a +balance of $1,160 at the end of the second year. + +This does not include any of the income to be legitimately expected from +the canteen, telephone charges, or special rates charged to guests, or +from funds raised by entertainments. Taking these things into +consideration the board rate might be considerably reduced. + +The balance that should accrue at the end of the second year might be +used for reducing rates or extending time to individuals, or for paying +instructors for extra service, or perhaps best of all to start new +camps. + +[Illustration: THE SUNDAY DINNER. A serious and weighty undertaking. +Sixty pounds of beef ready for the pot.] + + + + +VII + +EQUIPMENT + + +GENERAL + +In organizing a permanent camp the following things must be supplied: +beds, bed coverings, pillows, pillow cases, wash basins, lanterns, trash +boxes, tables, benches, scales, dishes for mess hall and kitchen, table +flatware, kitchen utensils, stove, household implements, camp +implements, game equipment, incinerator, boats, a flag, and ropes for +halyards. + + +Beds + +A bed of some description is necessary to every camper. It is foolish +not to have it dry, warm and comfortable. The most durable and +economical are the canvas and wood cots which can be folded and packed +into a small space during the winter. One is the government standard +folding army cot, the other the telescope cot. Still another is the camp +made cot fashioned of posts and strips of wood, with rope interlaced +between the strips, and a sack filled with clean dry hay for a mattress. +Spring cots and mattresses can be used but require a great deal of +storage space during the winter and for many other reasons are not +practical. An old sheet, a piece of heavy cotton cloth or bed ticking +made into a bag and filled with hay can be used as a mattress on top of +a canvas cot and makes a very warm comfortable bed, especially for cold +nights. + + +Blankets + +Woolen blankets are the only covering to be considered for camp use, as +they absorb less moisture than any other material, and even if damp are +warm. They should be long enough to cover the cot and turn under at the +bottom, and wide enough when doubled to fall over the edge of the cot +for a few inches. Those measuring 66 x 84 inches, weighing from 4 to 5 +pounds, and being 70 to 90 per cent wool, are recommended. If only one +blanket for each cot is provided in the general equipment each child +should bring to camp either a sleeping bag, one heavy and one +lightweight blanket, or one blanket and a heavy bath robe. + +[Illustration: CLEANING SQUAD] + +Great care should be taken that the blankets are kept clean. This can be +done if the rule permitting no eatables, water or ink in the tents is +adhered to. When making the camp bed whatever the method, care should be +taken that blankets do not touch the floor. One way is to fold the camp +blanket lengthwise, lay it on top of the cot, the top nine inches from +the head of the cot. Open the blanket and lay into it the camper's +folded blanket, the top of which comes to the head of the cot. Draw the +camp blanket over it, fold both under at the foot, and turn in the open +side half of the length of the cot. If a pillow is used place it between +the folds of the inner blanket. A bed made in this way will keep the +camp blanket clean and it will be in proper condition either to use +another summer or to use the same summer by another child. + +Another way is to fold the camp blanket lengthwise and place it on the +cot and fold the camper's blanket lengthwise placing the two openings in +opposite directions, one blanket inside of the other. + +Still another way is to fold the blanket lengthwise in thirds and lay it +on the cot, turn it under at the foot and get into it as into a sleeping +bag. + +Quilts are not advised for camp use. All blankets should be shaken every +day and thoroughly shaken and sunned at least two or three times a week. +For this purpose it is recommended that long bars be erected in a sunny +spot on the camp grounds where blankets can be thrown over them during a +part of the day. If the camp is divided into sections a few blankets +could be done at one time, and done regularly. The tent posts can be +used if care is taken that the ropes are not loosened. Low brush or an +available fence will also serve the purpose. + +It is well to remember that it is more essential to have plenty of +clothing under the body than over it if one would sleep comfortably. A +wrapper worn over the night gown will keep the body warmer on a cold +night than an extra blanket on top. + +The camp blankets should never be used next to the body. The personal +blanket should be used for that purpose. During the day the camp blanket +can be folded lengthwise once, crosswise once, laid on to the foot of +the cot, the fold toward the bottom, the personal blankets, night +clothes, bath wrapper and pillow neatly folded, laid on the blanket and +the border ends drawn over and tucked under, thus making a neat roll. +The foot of the cot is toward the center of the tent. + +[Illustration: THE WISE VIRGINS. They clean and fill their lamps +outdoors.] + + +Pillows + +The best pillows for camp use are those filled with kapok which is +impervious to germs, light, and possesses a cork-like quality which in +case of necessity can be utilized by making a life preserver of the +pillow. + + +Basins + +Every child should be provided with a small agate or enamel hand basin +in which she can keep her toilet articles when not in use. The basin can +be kept under the head of the cot and is one of the things to be +thoroughly inspected each day. + + +Dishes for Mess Hall + +Each camper should have a dinner plate, a bowl, a cup and saucer of +either white enamel ware, which is the best, crockery, which is not +recommended, aluminum, or if these are too expensive, tin. There should +be serving dishes such as one platter and three serving bowls for each +table, extra plates for bread, sugar bowl, butter dishes, large and +small pitchers, salt cellars; and do not forget the vase for flowers. + +The table flat ware should consist of a fork, knife, a large and small +spoon for each child, knives for butter, serving spoons and extra +serving forks. Nickel, re-tinned, or tin-plated steel gives excellent +service. + + +Dishes for Kitchen + +In so far as is possible use no tin in the kitchen. Use agate, aluminum, +porcelain or iron. When necessary to have very large boilers buy those +made of re-tinned steel with copper bottoms. For a camp of fifty or more +the following equipment is necessary: two large boilers, two feet high +and from twelve to fourteen inches in diameter, with handles and with +closely fitted covers; one large open boiler with a bail; three agate +boilers with bails, holding from twelve to fifteen quarts; two smaller +boilers and one sauce pan holding three quarts; four, three quart pails +with covers; one large and one small tea kettle; one colander, two +sieves (one with a handle and one large one without a handle); three or +four iron pans, the largest size that will fit into the oven; one quart +measure, one pint measure, one measuring cup; three large mixing bowls, +four milk pans, four milk bowls, and dishes in which left-overs can be +kept; one bread board, rolling pin, toaster, two iron pot rests, two +frying pans, a tea pot, a long-handled dipper, a long-handled skimmer, +six spoons with handles of different lengths, a bread knife, a meat +knife, a cleaver, a dozen vegetable knives, two can openers, one large +serving tray for each table, three dish pans, a bread cutter, a flour +sieve, a sugar scoop, an apple corer, scales, a meat grinder, and an ice +cream freezer. + +[Illustration: THE SWIMMING CRIB] + + +Camp Implements + +General camp implements are needed as follows: two flat irons, brooms +for the mess hall and kitchen, and small brooms for tent use, dust pan +and brush, stove brush, four galvanized pails, a garbage pail not too +large, a hammer, hatchet, axe, a wheel barrow, saw, fork, spade, shovel, +rakes, trowel, screw driver, a pair of pliers and nails and screws. + + +Kitchen Furnishings + +The kitchen will have to have a good stove large enough to hold two or +three large boilers at one time. If there is plumbing and a hot water +boiler, either the stove can be furnished with a hot water back, which +is not desirable, for the fire need not be kept all day when wood is +used, but hot water is needed at all times, or a Standard Oil kerosene +heater can be installed. Without plumbing, a stove with a hot water tank +is desirable. If this is impossible a large boiler must be kept filled +with water on the top of the stove. + +An army range, set on a concrete base, gives the greatest satisfaction +in a large camp. The ovens are large, an important point, and the top of +the stove large enough to care for all necessary pots and kettles. When +buying a stove for camp use make sure that it is made for the kind of +fuel which will be used in it. + +The kitchen sink should be conveniently placed and large enough to hold +a large dish pan. Again if there is no plumbing a long table for dish +pans, draining pans, etc., should be provided. + +Other tables, benches, shelves and a wood box are necessary. + +Tables and benches are necessary in every camp. The more simple they are +the better. Tables made of pine boards, and tops covered with white oil +cloth are very serviceable, or better, tables with planed tops can be +used. Table tops and rests are feasible also. Benches can be made in +various ways but should be firm and of the right height. Chairs are not +really a camp necessity and on the whole could well be left out of the +list of camp furniture. + + +Lanterns + +Every camp, large or small, needs lanterns. Lamps are not advised as a +general rule. There should be enough to have sufficient light in the +mess hall, in the kitchen, at least one in the wash house, one at each +latrine, and for stormy and very dark nights one for every two tents, +or group of tents. The tent lanterns can be hung on the tent posts +outside of the tents which method will prevent mosquitoes from being +attracted inside. Latrine lights should burn all night and it is +advisable to leave one burning by the mess hall in case of emergency. +Never allow children to bring candles into camp. Flash lights are a +convenience and harmless. + +[Illustration: LAND DRILL] + +A lantern which is not clean and shining and ready for use is a disgrace +to any camp. Every morning chimneys should be washed and wiped, lanterns +filled, wiped clean, wicks wiped off with a piece of newspaper and +turned down. They do not need to be trimmed every day. Have a place for +the lanterns to hang or stand during the day. The lamp cloths should be +washed, dried in the sun and hung where they will not be caught up and +used for other purposes. + + +Double Boiler + +A very good double boiler can be made by using a large outer boiler in +the bottom of which is placed a pot rest and a small amount of water. +Stand on the rest either one kettle well covered, or if necessary, two +kettles, one on top of the other, both tightly covered and the outer +boiler tightly covered. This arrangement forms a kind of fire-less +cooker which is exceedingly satisfactory, especially for cooking +cereals. + + +Trash Boxes + +Each tent or group of tents should have a conveniently placed trash box. +These can be made of wooden frames covered with screening, can be small +half-barrels or kegs, painted, or small portable incinerators. These +boxes should be emptied every twenty-four hours and the contents burned. + + +Weighing Scales + +Another piece of furniture is a pair of personal scales, for the weight +of each child entering and leaving camp is of interest and value. Do not +use form with springs. + + +Games + +The game equipment must not be forgotten. Basket balls, volley balls, +water polo balls, baseballs and bats, quoits, bows and arrows, and +tennis sets are all valuable. + + +Linen + +If in the general equipment pillows are provided it is well to have a +few pillow cases other than those which the child brings to camp. There +should be sheets and pillow cases for use in the bed making test. Three +sets of dish towels and a set of dish cloths, holders, stove cloths and +kitchen hand towels. Cheese cloth is of great value in camp in the +kitchen and out of it. + +[Illustration: THE DIVING LESSON] + + +Newspapers + +Do not throw away any clean whole newspapers; they are of too great +value. Wet shoes stuffed with pieces of newspaper and stood not too near +a fire, will dry in good shape and be soft. The newspapers help to +absorb the moisture out of the leather and keep the shoes in shape. + +Newspapers can be used to sit upon if benches or ground are damp. + +Nothing is better for cleaning the top of a stove after each meal, than +a newspaper crunched into a wad. + +Folded pieces of newspaper make an excellent holder for lifting pots and +kettles. Several thicknesses placed on the end of the kitchen table on +which to set pots and cans, will keep the table clean. Hot water pipes +or a boiler can be covered with several thicknesses of newspapers held +in place by twine, thereby conserving heat. Cover the ice cream freezer +with newspapers after the dasher is removed and while the cream is +getting stiff. They help to keep in the cold. Newspapers laid on a cot +under the blankets help very materially to keep one warm on a cold +night. After sweeping a floor put the dust and dirt from a dust pan in a +newspaper, roll it carefully and burn in the incinerator. The wind +cannot then blow the dirt about. + + +Flowers + +When picking flowers do not pull the plants up by the root. Do not pick +a blossom with too many buds on the stem. Do not pick what you are not +going to use either as a decoration or to press for nature study work. +Do not pick short stems, and do not crowd too many flowers into one +vase. Be sure that the vase is clean and the water fresh. All dead +flowers and leaves should be burned and not thrown out to disfigure the +looks of the camp grounds. + +[Illustration: THE TRUE INWARDNESS OF ROWING] + +If you do not know poison ivy when you see it get someone to point it +out to you and then keep away from it. It is more apt to poison when the +leaves are wet. + + +PERSONAL EQUIPMENT + + _Clothes_: Scout uniform and Scout hat + Bloomers: dark wool or khaki + Middy blouses, at least 3; plain, strong, white + Coat + Rubber coat or poncho + Sweater + Shoes (stout, low heels, round toes; two pairs if + possible) + Rubbers + Underwear: Plain and strong. The one-piece + athletic garment made for women and girls + is preferable to separate chemise or drawers. + Woven shirt or union suit of cotton or light + wool is desirable. No petticoats. + + Stockings: at least four pairs, heavy ribbed + cotton or wool preferred. No silk. + + Nightgown or pajamas, three, heavy cotton or + canton flannel. + + Bath wrapper and slippers + + Bathing suit and cap + + _Bedding_: Plain woolen blankets, light-weight, for use next body + Pillow cases, (three) + + _Toilet + Accessories_: Bath and face towels, two each + Face cloths, two + Comb and brush + Tooth brush in holder + Soap and tooth paste + Soap box + Small cup + Scissors + Nail file or cleaner + Sanitary napkins and belt + + _Desirable + General + Accessories_: Musical Instruments + Flashlight + Note book or pad and pencils + Sewing kit + + +THE CANTEEN + +There have been objections made to the camp canteen or store, but there +seem to be no very good reasons against it. By buying large quantities +and at wholesale and selling at the market price in small quantities +there can be a perfectly legitimate profit on a camp canteen. This helps +to pay camp expenses. It is also possible to make an arrangement with +local stores to supply merchandise, fruit and candy to be sold at the +store price, and receive from the store a ten per cent discount which is +clear profit to the camp. A greater profit, however, can be obtained if +the camp purchases these things for itself from wholesale dealers. + +The price of board in the average Scout camp is so low that it is +impossible to supply campers with many of the things which they want and +which they may have. Fresh fruit in some localities is very expensive +and quite beyond the possibility of serving. But most parents make no +objection to their children purchasing the fruit, one or two pieces at a +time, at the canteen counter. The same is true of simple candy such as +sweet chocolate, Hershey Bars, Neccos, etc. One piece a day is not only +perfectly harmless; it is, in fact, beneficial. + +Other things that can be sold in the canteen are stationery, stamps, +plain postal cards, picture postal cards, hair pins, pins, shoe laces, +needles and thread, kodak films, bathing caps, soap, and pencils. + +The best time for having the canteen open is determined by the rule that +Scouts do not eat between meals. For this reason it is better to sell +fruit and candy either directly after dinner or directly after supper. +For many reasons it is much more convenient and fully as well for the +child to have the canteen open after supper, especially when that meal +is served at half-past five. + +The question as to whether Scouts should be allowed to receive packages +of food from home is one which every camp Director has to decide. +Probably nothing causes more unhappiness than the fact that some girls +receive no packages while others have many. The most serious phase is +that boxes often contain food which is not best for the girl. Then, too, +packages have been sent by parcel post so badly wrapped and packed that +when received at the local post office the authorities have complained +to the camp Director. The condition of fruit or other food was such as +to be a menace. + +[Illustration: MAKING CAMP ON AN OVERNIGHT HIKE. Tents and other +equipment come by trek cart.] + +The problem of caring for the boxes of food which are sent to campers is +sometimes a serious question. If labelled and put into the storeroom +they take up valuable space; also much time is spent taking them out at +canteen hour and in putting them away. If a child is allowed to keep +food of any kind in her tent, it is quite impossible to have the +blankets, cots, or pillows in absolutely perfect condition. + +All things considered, it seems best not to allow food including fruit +or candy to be sent or brought into camp. + + +EQUIPMENT FOR SWIMMING AND BOATING + +The average child who enters camp does not know how to swim and knows +less about boating. What is more, it is probably the only place for many +to learn to do these things. Taking a dip for the sake of having a good +time, splashing in the water, and so forth, is one thing, but to really +learn to swim, to dive, to throw a life line, to rescue, to resuscitate, +is quite a different matter. These things must be learned, for as a +matter of fact, human beings do none of them naturally. + +When possible a crib for beginners is a very desirable thing to have. +(p. 69.) Unless there is a safe beach or shallow water and a good bottom +there is more or less danger attending the teaching of swimming to a +group of children even though the group be small. With the crib, for use +especially in deep lakes and ponds, this danger is practically overcome, +and in consequence much anxiety on the part of those in charge of the +camp eliminated. The child seems to fear less, therefore learns to swim +sooner. A crib 20 x 85 feet is large enough for a group of twenty +children (Cut H.) It is built partially on land by the water's edge, is +made of logs and planks and pulled into the water over logs used as +rollers. A floor is made of 6 inch planks placed half an inch apart and +nailed on to a rectangular frame work of logs with lengthwise supports +under the planks. Uprights of logs are placed at intervals along the +sides and ends and at the corners. Two and a half feet from either end a +second row of uprights is placed. The sides and inner ends are built up +to a height of 5 feet, the outer ends to 3 feet. The crib is pulled into +the water and towed to its position by a pier or wharf. It is sunk with +stones between the double ends until the floor is 3-1/2 feet below the +surface of the water at the pier end, and 4 feet below the surface at +the other end. It is held in position by being fastened to piles placed +at intervals around the edge. Steps lead down into the crib either from +the end of a pier, or from a wharf. As soon as a child can swim three +times around the crib without touching her foot to the bottom of the +crib or her hands to the sides, and can demonstrate three strokes, she +should be allowed to go into deep water, but should be carefully watched +for a while. + +[Illustration: "EATS"] + +Land drill preceding the swimming lesson is very helpful. An expert +person should be made responsible for not more than twenty girls at one +time unless the girls are competent swimmers, and no one should be +allowed to interfere with the rules and regulations laid down by the +person in charge. Absolute obedience to all signals, rules and +regulations must be observed. An assistant counsellor should always be +in attendance at swimming lessons. + +[Illustration: H. Swimming Crib as it would appear out of water. The +crib is 35' by 20', outside dimensions, with end pockets for stones, +2-1/2' each, leaving a swimming space of 30' by 20'. The idea for this +was planned and executed by the Engineers of the Park Commission of the +N.Y. and N.J. Interstate Park, for use in the camps in the Palisades +Park.] + +Deep water swimmers should be able to pass the following requirements: +demonstrate three different strokes, breast, overarm and back stroke. +Swim under water. Demonstrate resuscitation. Throw a life-line +twenty-five feet for accuracy. Demonstrate diving, shallow, deep and +fancy diving. Rescue a drowning person twenty-five feet away from a +raft. Swim 50 yards with clothes on. + +It is always advisable during a swimming period to have a boat well +manned near at hand. Bathing in fresh water, especially in spring-fed +lakes is not as exhilarating as salt water bathing, and twenty minutes +is considered the longest time a girl should stay in fresh water. Great +care should be taken that no child is allowed to get chilled. At the +first sign of pinchedness, shivering, or blue lips the child should be +called out of the water, and instructed to rub herself briskly and dress +at once. + +[Illustration: THE MORNING AFTER] + +Bathers should always be counted immediately before going into the +water, and immediately after being called out. It is well to have +assembly and roll call for this. + + +Suits + +A word as to bathing suits may not be amiss. Care should be taken that +the shoulder straps are tight enough and the under arm seam sewed up +high enough to keep the top part of the suit in place. It is recommended +that camps adopt a uniform style of bathing suit and that all classified +groups wear bathing caps of the same color, as for instance, first +class swimmers wear white caps, second class blue caps, third class +green caps, and fourth class, red caps. + + +The Float + +Probably there is more fun experienced by the Scouts who are privileged +to use a raft or float, than by all the other campers put together. To +get out of the crib group and go for the first time to the float is a +thrilling experience and one that is much discussed and enjoyed. Water +sports without a float cannot be imagined, neither can a camp really be +called a Girl Scout camp unless it possesses this important piece of +floating property, which may be large or small, but must be properly +built to be safe. For a camp of 150 or more, a float 20 x 40 feet is +none too large. It should be equipped with spring board, diving tower +and life lines, and moored in deep water, not too long a swim from +shore. + +Bath houses are not always considered necessary to campers but the use +of them does much toward keeping tents and tent equipment in good +condition. Wet floors, cots, blankets and so forth are always a +detriment and should not be allowed. If bath houses are impossible, +erect a large tent with a clothes line running from pole to pole and low +benches under it to serve as racks for clothing. Have pails at hand for +holding rinsing water. This kind of bath house is easily arranged. + +Where possible it is an excellent idea for girls to be able to take a +quick dip before dressing for breakfast, but in a large camp this is not +always possible, and other arrangements have to be made for the morning +ablutions, as have been suggested in another part of this book. + + +Boats + +Only first class swimmers should be allowed the use when alone, of boats +of any kind. The flat bottomed boats are the safest and it is almost +impossible to tip them over. They are, however, much heavier and harder +to manage than the round bottomed boats. Care should be taken that not +too many girls go in one boat at one time and that whoever is put in +charge of the group must be obeyed. Girls should be taught to row, how +to enter a boat and leave it, how to tie it, how to seat passengers so +that the boat will be well balanced, how to row alone, and how to keep +stroke with another. + + +Camp Supplies + +A list of firms handling approved equipment for camps will be furnished +upon request to National Headquarters Girl Scouts, Inc. + +[Illustration: SETTING OUT FOR THE WATER HIKE] + + + + +WATER FRONT PROTECTION FOR SUMMER CAMPS + + _By_ + + Captain Fred. C. Mills, + Red Cross Life Saving Corps, + Atlantic Division. + + +Every camp that is situated on water or has a near-by bathing place, +should organize its water front protection system before the camp opens. + + +Choice of Bathing Place + +The swimming place should be so chosen as to combine, if possible, deep +water swimming for the experienced swimmers and a shallow bathing place +for beginners. The non-swimmers' pool should never be over four and +one-half feet deep at its deepest point. + + +Equipment + +_For Beginners._ The non-swimmers' pool should be enclosed on three +sides by life lines, (1" to 1-1/2" manila rope, depending on weather +conditions), buoyed up every fifteen feet by cork floats or balsa wood +buoys, painted white and made fast at the corners to piles driven into +the sand, or to buoys moored with rocks or cement moorings. No beginners +should be allowed to go beyond these lines. + +_For Swimmers._ The area to be used by Swimmers should then be plainly +marked off with white floats moored to the bottom, with a flag placed at +top. No swimmer, no matter how expert, should be allowed to go beyond +these floats, unless permission is obtained from the Master of Aquatics. + +Great care should be taken that all diving platforms and spring boards +are safely situated and that the water surrounding these diving +arrangements is clear of all rocks, stumpage, etc., to the depth of at +least 10 feet. Ladders should be placed at the float to allow swimmers +to climb from the water easily. + +[Illustration: LAYING THE FIRE] + +_Tower._ A small tower, eight to twelve feet high, should be erected on +the shore so as to overlook the bathing place. A warning signal, such as +a bell or gong, should be placed in the tower. + +_Life Boats._ Two or more boats, depending on the size of the camp, +should be set aside for life-saving patrol. These should be equipped +with life lines looped around the outside of the gunwhale, ring +rowlocks, and an air tank placed under the bow and stern seats. A hole +should be cut in the top of the stern board for sculling. + +Life boats should be chosen that are light and easy to handle, and care +should be used in picking boats that are sea-worthy and have good beam. + +One life boat should always be at the dock, ready for instant use, while +the other boat or boats are on patrol. + +Under no circumstances should these boats be used for anything but +life-saving duty. + +_Ring Buoys._ Ring buoys should be placed on every dock. These should +not be over nineteen inches in diameter, and should be equipped with +sixty feet of 1/4" line with a float or "lemon" on end. Ring buoys are +valueless unless ready at all times for use, so should be mounted on a +rack the shape of a cross, painted red, having a peg, 5" long, on the +end of each arm, for the rope to be loosely coiled around. The top loop +of the buoy hangs on the top peg. By this arrangement, the buoy is +always ready for use. + +Water glasses, first aid equipment, grappling irons, and extra boat +equipment, such as oars, rowlocks, and boat hooks, should be kept on +hand ready for instant use. + +_Row Boats and Canoes._ All row boats should be placed in first class +condition and tested out to find their safety capacity. The way to +determine this is to fill the boat full of water and find out how many +it will support in the water holding on to sides; this then is the safe +number to carry in the boat when free from water. If boats are equipped +with a small air-tight compartment of metal in bow and stern, it will +increase their buoyancy to a great extent. Every boat should be plainly +marked: THE CAPACITY OF THIS BOAT IS..., with white paint on both sides. + + +The Life Saving Corps + +_Choosing the Crew._ Every camp should build up around its Master of +Aquatics a Life Saving Corps from among the campers. Choosing the +personnel of the Corps is a very important matter. The applicants should +understand that it is an honor to be a member of this unit. + +[Illustration: THE GOODNIGHT STORY] + +It will be found that if the members of the Corps are allowed to have +separate sleeping quarters, near the water, over which they fly the Red +Cross Life Saving Corps flag, mess together and be relieved of K. P. +duty, that they will develop an esprit de corps which will make for +efficiency in their work and be of great value to the general morale of +the camp. + +Everyone trying for membership should first have a medical examination +to prove that he is physically able to stand the very difficult work +which he may have to perform at any time. The group of applicants should +then be tested out as to their swimming ability, especially being +required to swim on back without hands, and on side with one arm only. + +_Training._ After your applicants have been culled out, the ones that +you decide to use should be given a thorough course of training, first +being obliged to pass the Red Cross life saving test. They must be +instructed in boat handling and the methods of taking another person +into the boat, in the proper method of throwing the life buoy, using a +60-foot line and a 19-inch buoy. They should be capable of tying knots +needed in their work, such as a square knot, clove hitch, two half +hitches, bowline, short splice and eye splice. Much emphasis should be +placed on instruction in resuscitation by the Schaefer method, and no +attempt should be made to instruct them in the use of any mechanical +respiratory devices as they are practically useless. + +During the camp season, if possible, members should have thorough +instruction in first aid, especially as it applies to water accidents, +the most common of which are abrasions, sun burn, seasickness, broken +arms from backfire of gasoline engines, sickness from gasoline fumes of +motor boat engines, and submersion. + +_Duties of Crew._ The Life Saving Corps should be familiar with the +water at all points and should buoy any especially dangerous spots, such +as submerged tree stumps or very deep holes. This can be done with a +line, anchor, and float painted red. + +The Life Saving Corps should be in charge of Mates under the command of +the Master of Aquatics who is the Captain. A log of each day's work +should be kept, recording such events as concern the Corps, such as +weather report, officer in charge of day's watch, number of swimmers, +name of day's swimming instructor, number taught to swim, etc. Watches +should be so arranged that members of crew are not on duty more than two +days out of three. + +[Illustration: "GOOD MORROW, LORD SUN!"] + +During the bathing periods, which should be at least two hours after +meals, the Corps members will be in charge of the protection and +discipline of bathers, the instruction of swimming, and supervision of +diving. + +The following is suggested as a good distribution. Two in each life +boat, oarsman and coxswain, one person on the dock, two lookouts and +messenger in the tower, one at diving board and one or two instructing +swimming (change instructors every third day). + +_The Swimming Test._ After every camper has had a medical examination he +should have a test in swimming and be graded in one of three classes: +Non-Swimmer, red knot on right shoulder; Beginner--the ones that will +still bear watching--white knot on right shoulder; Swimmer, American Red +Cross Junior Life Saving Corps emblem. + +Check your list up every once in a while to see that everybody is in the +right class. Hold frequent tests to re-classify two lower grades. The +graded Red Cross tests are recommended and arrangements can be made for +Red Cross awards. + + +Supervision of Boating + +A Non-Swimmer should never be allowed to take out a boat unless +accompanied by a swimmer. The Beginners should be limited in the +distance they can go and only the Swimmers should be allowed to go where +they please. At least two-thirds of every boat load should be able to +swim and take care of those who cannot swim. + +Under no circumstances allow more than one boat to be towed behind a +motor or sail boat, and then only if boat being towed is in hands of an +expert coxswain. + +No boating should be allowed during bathing periods. + +Detail one of the crew to give instructions in boat handling if +necessary. + +Have all boats in by "Mess gear" unless special permission is given. + +No boating after dark without special permission. + +Every camper should know how to tie up a boat, if he wishes to use them. +See that he does it. + +A simple set of rules may be drawn up and posted in prominent places so +that every camper will know exactly what the bathing regulations are. +The following are a few suggestions. No one is allowed to swim for at +least two hours after meals. No swimming allowed in the heat of the day. +No one is allowed to swim if he has any stomach disorder. A limit set +on number allowed in boats. No boats loaded with campers allowed to be +towed behind motor boats. Absolutely no swimming to be permitted unless +life boat is on hand for protection of bathers. + +Of course these rules may be modified to suit each camp's local +problems, but if these suggestions are adhered to in the main, it will +be almost impossible for any accidents to happen. + +One accidental drowning case may ruin the reputation of a camp. Build up +the confidence of your campers and their families by making your safety +system as near foolproof as possible. + +_Send every camper home a swimmer; and, if possible, able to swim for +two._ + +_For information about life saving, write American Red Cross Life Saving +Corps, 44 East 23rd St., New York City._ + +[Illustration: MONARCHS OF ALL THEY SURVEY] + + + + +VIII. + +THE CAMP PROGRAM + + +The program is one of the most important factors in the well-organized +camp and must be given much thought. It is the thing which gives +continuity to the summer's work and holds the entire group together. +Without it there would be disorder and confusion. + +While including as many activities as possible without causing any +feeling of hurry, rush or forcing, it must be planned so that repetition +will not prove monotonous. It should provide for periods of work and +play, rest and leisure; it must afford ample opportunity for +self-expression and development. Parts of the program must necessarily +be obligatory for all, others optional, still others optional as to time +only. + +The fact that the group is composed of Scouts and is living out of doors +should bring to the fore, subjects for study which are particularly in +keeping with the Scout program, such as nature lore, simple astronomy, +woodcraft, campcraft, carpentry, gardening, hiking, map-making, swimming +and boating; Scout grade test requirements, and some of the Merit Badge +work. Specific directions for teaching these subjects are not given +here, as they are covered in the Handbook, "Scouting for Girls," and +other publications. + +Periods for play may include games, group singing, rowing, hikes, +entertainments, and so forth. Leisure moments are for the individual. +She should be allowed to follow her own inclination so long as she does +not infringe upon the rights of others or break the necessary camp rules +which protect the safety and health of the group. Hours of rest which +all observe at stated periods are, of course, most essential. While a +daily program is absolutely necessary as a basis of work, it should +occasionally be put one side to allow the entire group to take advantage +of particularly propitious weather conditions for walking and hiking, or +for an entertainment or field day. The daily program in every Girl Scout +camp should always include the formal ceremony of raising and lowering +the flag, inspection, a period of rest directly after dinner, a period +for the discussion of the Scout Promise and Laws, and a short period for +Setting-up Exercises, preferably the first thing in the morning. On +Sundays a simple Scout service should be held. + +[Illustration: A Sun Clock never runs down. Stake five feet high driven +firmly in ground in open space. Peg is stuck in at end of shadow every +hour during the day. From article in "Scouting", Dec. 15, 1917] + + +PROGRAM FOR HOUSEKEEPING SQUAD + + 3:30 P.M. Report for duty. + Change of Squad + Work explained + Instructions given + Off duty + + 5:00 P.M. Report for duty + Prepare for and serve supper + Clear table, wash dishes, etc. + Light and place lanterns + Off duty + + 7:00 A.M. Report for duty + Bring in lanterns + Prepare tables, serve breakfast + Clear tables, wash dishes + Set tables + Clean: Mess hall, wash house, latrines, + camp grounds, lanterns, fold napkins, + burn trash, fill vases with + fresh flowers + Prepare vegetables + Off duty + + 12:00 M. Report for duty + Prepare for and serve dinner + Clear tables, wash dishes + Wash dish towels + + 3:30 P.M. Report for change of squad + Relieved of duty + Swimming and re-enter general program + + +Housekeeping Squad + +A feature of the day's routine is the coming on duty of the housekeeping +squad which for a period of twenty-four hours keeps the camp clean, +orderly and safe, and performs most if not all of the necessary +household duties which must be done in every home or camp. The squad +should be under the leadership of a counsellor who is particularly +fitted to direct and instruct the squad and be responsible for the work +it does. + +Going on duty in the middle of the afternoon gives the members an +opportunity to have a swim earlier in the day, and after going off duty +the next day, which is a privilege not to be despised. The work which +this squad does is for the benefit of the entire group and raises or +lowers the camp standard each day. + +The general program should be posted on the bulletin board and explained +to each new group that enters camp. It should be given in detail as to +hours, activities and requirements. Whether the program is planned for +the group divided into two or three units or for the group as one unit, +depends upon the size of the camp. No counsellor can do justice to her +work if she has too large a group, and on the other hand, the group if +too large will lose interest in the subject. The accompanying program +has been tried and may be of value as a suggestion. + +[Illustration: FIREPLACE IN THE HOUSE THE SCOUTS BUILT] + + +DAILY PROGRAM FOR A GIRL SCOUT CAMP + + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + Bugle| M. | Group I | Group II | Group III + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 6.30 | 10 | REVIELLE + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 6.40 | 10 | SETTING-UP EXERCISES + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 7.15 | 15 | ASSEMBLY AND MORNING COLORS + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 7.30 | 30 | BREAKFAST AND ANNOUNCEMENTS + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 8.30 | 30 | INSPECTION + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 9.00 | 30 | Nature Lore | 2d Class Work | Games + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 9.30 | 45 | Drilling, Games| Swimming | First Aid, Bed + | | | | Making + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 10.15| 45 | Basketry |Health, First Aid| Swimming + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 11.00|30 |Scout Laws | Basketry | Health + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 11.30| 30 | Health, Adv. | | + | | First Aid | Scout Laws | Scout Laws + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 12.00| 30 | FREE TIME + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 12.30| 60 | DINNER + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 1.30 | 60 | REST HOUR + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 2.30 | 45 | MAIL DISTRIBUTED, AND FREE TIME + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 3.15 | 30 | 1st Class Work | Nature Lore | Knots and Signalling + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 3.45 | 45 | Swimming | Games, Drilling | Nature Lore + -----+----+----------------+-----------------+--------------------- + 4.30 | 60 | FREE TIME + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 5.30 | 30 | ASSEMBLY, RETREAT, SUPPER + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 6.00 | | CANTEEN, BOATING, SHORT WALKS, GAMES, DANCING, ETC. + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 7.30 | | CAMP FIRE, SINGING, STUNTS, ETC., FOR THE WHOLE CAMP + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 8.20 | | FIRST CALL + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + 8.45 | | TAPS + -----+----+-------------------------------------------------------- + + + + +IX. + +GENERAL CAMP ACTIVITIES + + +Outline + + 1. SPORTS + a. _Water sports_ + 1. Swimming + (a) Classification + (1) Groups or classes + (b) Life saving + 2. Boating + (a) Rowing + (b) Canoeing + (1) Classification + b. _Games_ + 1. Major games + 2. Minor games + c. _Dancing_ + 1. Types + (a) Aesthetic or classic + (b) Folk dancing + (c) Social dancing + d. _Horsemanship_ + 1. Requirements + 2. CRAFTS AND OCCUPATIONS + a. _Crafts_ + 1. Handcrafts + (a) Kinds + 2. Woodcraft + (a) Nature Study + 1. Ferns, Flowers, Trees, Birds, Stars, Maps + 3. Campcraft + (a) Making and breaking camp + (b) Camp fires + (c) Cooking + (d) Trail making + 3. ENTERTAINMENTS and diversions outside of the regular schedule + a. Types + 1. Dramatic + 2. Miscellaneous + 3. Celebrations and pageants + 4. Inter-Camp frolics + 4. SINGING + a. Camp songs + 5. ACHIEVEMENTS + a. _Recording of achievements_ + 1. Books + 2. Chart system + b. _Recognition of achievements_ + 1. Points and honors + 2. Girl Scout Merit Badges + + +1. SPORTS + +Every girl who goes to a camp in the summer is interested in some form +of sport. But perhaps swimming and boating head the list for popularity. + +There are many interesting ways in which to run your swimming program so +that it is taught systematically and leads to real progress and +efficiency. + +One method that has been tried successfully in a very large camp, but +which would apply equally well in any camp, is the arrangement of the +entire camp into groups designated as "Swimming Classes" and indicated +by a special color bathing cap for each group or class so that they may +be easily distinguished in the water. + +[Illustration: THE TOP OF THE MORNING] + +_Class Number 4, Red Cap._--All who have not passed the canoe test which +is explained under the heading "Class Number 3." + +_Class Number 3, Green Cap._--Pass the canoe test which consists of +swimming, floating or otherwise staying above depth for fifteen minutes, +and swimming in from an overturned canoe 20 yards from shore. + +_Class Number 2, Blue Cap._ + + _Strokes_: Breast stroke--25 yards + Side Stroke--25 yards + Back stroke--25 yards + Single overhand--25 yards + Double overhand--25 yards + _Dives_: Standing or running dive from spring board + (3 perfect out of 5). + + Dive from a low tower 4 feet high. (3 perfect out of 5). + + _Class Number 1, White Cap_. + + _Strokes_: Crawl + Trudgeon + + _Dives_: From spring board, running plain + From spring board, running jack knife + From spring board, running angel + From spring board, standing side + From spring board, standing back + From float standing from high tower (10) and + 3 optional dives from the following: + Hand stand (spring board, high or low tower). + Back somersault, spring board + Front somersault, spring board + Sailor running, spring board + Back dive, high tower + Jack knife, high tower + Double dive, high tower + +Another method is to record the swimming achievements on a chart under +the following headings: + +Form swimming, ornamental swimming, speed swimming, canoe tests, life +saving and dives. + +Did you ever work to become a member of the Women's Life Saving Corps of +the American Red Cross? The purpose of this organization is to train +women in all coast cities, and cities bordering on lakes and rivers, to +be able to meet emergencies in the water and save lives. + +There are six tests which have to be passed before a girl is considered +worthy of a W. L. S. C. certificate. + + Test 1. Jump off a low dock dressed in bathing + suit, shoes, shirt waist and skirt. Swim to a + given point, (about 20 yards), there undress and + swim in bathing suit to another dock (about 20 + yards). + + 2. Swim down from surface in 10 feet of water and + fetch up a 2-foot birch log from bottom. + + 3. Rescue a non-resisting person and demonstrate + the "carries" (head, under-arm and side stroke) as + you bring them ashore. + + 4. In deep water demonstrate the correct breaks + for the wrist holds, and the front and back + strangle holds around the neck. + + 5. Demonstrate resuscitation by Schaefer method. + + 6. Tell proper procedure in caring for patient + after breathing has been restored. + + +Boating + +Boating, of which we shall first consider rowing, may also be worked out +according to classes, such as: + + Second Class: Manoeuvre a row boat properly, i. e., + unship, reverse, anchor, scull, make 3 perfect + landings out of 5. + + First Class: Row singly for a given distance 1-1/2 + miles in 40 minutes, or according to certain + standards, such as: + + Start + Row forward + Row backward + Manoeuvre + Good landing + Fasten boat + + +Canoeing + + Class II. Know how to paddle bow and stern with + another girl in a canoe, and make 3 out of 5 + perfect landings. + +[Illustration: BEFORE THE CAMP FIRE IS LIGHTED] + + Class I. a. Handle a canoe singly in all weathers and make 3 out of + 5 perfect landings, + b. Climb into a canoe with another swimmer's help from the + water in three consecutive trials. + +In your own camp when grouping sports for classification although you +may get good suggestions from other methods, it is best to work out a +way which meets your own particular need. + +Remember that the swimming and boating should be in charge of competent +and responsible people or instructors and that every precaution should +be taken against accident. + +Remember it is better to emphasize good form rather than speed or long +distance swimming and the ability to meet emergencies in the water +rather than stunts. + +Honors or recognition should be given for skill, form and improvement +rather than for endurance. + +The interest in Water Sports is further stimulated by weekly contests or +a day set apart at the end of the season called the Water Sports Day. + +In weekly contests enough competition takes place to keep the girls' +interest in improvement constantly keen. + +For Water Sports Day here is a typical and comprehensive program: + + Canoe race + 25-yard dash + 50-yard dash + Dives; an option of 2 out of 3 + Boating race + Relay swimming race + Obstacle race + Practical demonstration such as taught by the Women's + Life Saving Corps of the American Red Cross. + +[Illustration: WOOD CUTTERS] + +If you do not wish to have too strenuous a time for Water Sports Day a +carnival is suggested which is more festive and makes for a very gay and +picturesque time. The carnival can be worked out in a variety of ways, +but the main feature is the decking of boats and costuming of the +participants, prizes being given for originality. A short program of +water sports can be added. + + +Games + +If there is adequate equipment Basket-ball, Baseball and Tennis become +the outstanding or major games in a camp. These games should never be +indulged in for the idea of winning at all costs, but for the fun that +one gets out of them. + +Of course there will be competitive games with qualified teams and high +standards of playing, but there will also be the impromptu and +unexpected challenge games played in fantastic costumes, accompanied by +many antics and songs composed on the inspiration of the moment, games +apt to be remembered long after the other kind of competition has been +forgotten. + +Baseball for girls or children who cannot get used to the paraphernalia +of hard balls, bats and mitts, can be played with a softer ball such as +a playground ball, a light bat and if necessary the simpler rules of +Indoor Baseball can be adopted for out-door playing. In most camps, +however, enthusiasm for real Baseball generally outweighs every +handicap. + +Tennis does not take in the same number of players at one time as does +Baseball or Basket-ball, therefore in order that everyone may get a try +at it a schedule may be made out so that the courts will not be +monopolized by one set of players to the exclusion of beginners or other +enthusiasts. + +Ladder tournaments, both for singles and doubles, solve this problem +somewhat and create interest, especially when the final try-outs are on. + +There are any number of group games, Volley Ball, Captain Ball, Relay +Races and Ball Games, which are played in camps when there is adequate +equipment for Basket-ball and Tennis, but more especially where there is +a lack of it. + +Individual games, such as Archery, and Quoits make the time pass +pleasantly and profitably for a few who like to go off by themselves. + + +Dancing + +Dancing is an interesting pastime for camp and fills in many gaps. + +It is a help in entertainments and if you are to have an end of the +season pageant, it is well to hold dancing classes regularly so that +there will not be endless rehearsing for the last days. + +There are three types of dancing which can be presented. The Aesthetic +or Classic, the Folk Dancing and the Social Dancing. For the most part, +the Folk Dancing is freer, easy to learn and more suited to the +community as a whole than the Aesthetic work. + +It is better not to attempt much dancing in your schedule if you have no +piano or stringed pieces, for although there are phonograph records to +be had, the supply is too limited to be entirely satisfactory. + +A collection of English Country Dances by Cecil Sharpe are dances that +everyone can do and enjoy. + + +Horseback Riding + +The joy of horseback riding does not find its way into every camp, +mainly because of the expense and responsibility entailed, but if it +does there are many facts to know and master in horsemanship. For +instance, one should know how to take care of a horse, which means +feeding, watering, saddling, grooming, shoeing, tying and general care +necessary under different conditions. + +The requirements for riding are to know: + + 1. How to mount and dismount correctly + + 2. To be able to demonstrate riding at a walk, + trot or gallop + + 3. To be able to jump a low hurdle + +The requirements for driving are: + + 1. To learn how to harness correctly in a single + and double harness; and + + 2. How to manage a horse on the road + + +2. CRAFTS AND OCCUPATIONS + +But sports are not the only side to the camper's program. Another very +large and absorbing part is the Crafts, inclusive of Handcrafts, +Woodcraft, Campcraft, and the distinct Scout occupations, such as First +Aid, Home Nursing, Gardening, Signalling, and Homemaking, treated in the +Girl Scout Handbook. + + +Handcrafts + +The handcrafts are more numerous than your fingers and can be defined as +anything that is done with the hands. It is possible to have almost any +branch of the Fine Arts and the Applied Arts as dyeing, batik, +stenciling, woodblock printing, pottery. Then there is basketry, +weaving, rug-making, leather work, and metal work in copper, or jewelry +in silver, woodcarving and carpentry. The first problem is: "Who will +teach it?" The choice of what handcrafts you will have then, depends +somewhat on whom you can secure to present them properly. + +But closely allied is your second problem, "What can we afford?" +Jewelry, metal work and leather are the most expensive. Pottery is +fascinating, but you must have a kiln to finish the product. + +Try to choose the crafts which will suit the capacities. It is better +not to attempt jewelry at the outset. + +Relating your craft work to the camp makes it doubly interesting. So +much can be done in this way with carpentry which produces anything from +docks and canoe paddles to furniture and toothbrush holders. + +Delightful problems in the interior decoration of a camp living room can +be worked out by combining the efforts of all the craft workers. The +carpenters build the furniture; the weavers make rugs and materials; +the dyers dip the materials and carry out the color scheme and other +workers supply the accessories. + +It is well to have an exhibition to look forward to for the end of the +season when appointed judges decide upon the merit of the work. + + +Woodcraft + + _Night is a dead monotonous period under a roof; + but in the open world it passes lightly with its + stars and dews and perfumes, and the hours are + marked by changes in the face of Nature. What + seems a kind of death to people choked between + walls and curtains, is only a light and living + slumber to the man who sleeps a-field. All night + long he can hear Nature breathing deeply and + freely; even as she takes her rest, she turns and + smiles; and there is one stirring hour unknown to + those who dwell in houses, when a wakeful + influence goes abroad over the sleeping + hemisphere, and all the outdoor world are on their + feet. It is then that the cock first crows, not + this time to announce the dawn, but like a + cheerful watchman speeding the course of night. + Cattle awake on the meadows; sheep break their + fast on dewy hillsides, and change to a new lair + among the ferns; and houseless men, who have lain + down with the fowls, open their dim eyes and + behold the beauty of the night._ + + _At what inaudible summons, at what gentle touch + of Nature, are all these sleepers thus recalled in + the the same hour to life? Do the stars rain down + an influence, or do we share some thrill of mother + earth below our resting bodies?... Towards two in + the morning ... the thing takes place._ + + _Robert Louis Stevenson_ + _From "Travels With a Donkey."_ + +Woodcraft in the beginning was the first science of man. As applied to +camping we most frequently think of it as anything which pertains to the +woods or forests and as a turning away from the more artificial side of +camping, and as in pioneer times learning to do everything ourselves, +which is after all the keynote of real joy in camping. + +[Illustration: THE LEAN-TO GOING UP] + +To acquaint ourselves with the woods we can begin with our immediate +surroundings. Short walks to search for flowers or ferns and to know the +different varieties of trees, or early morning trips to a bit of swamp +land where we can study the coloring and habits of birds or sit quietly +while patiently listening to distinguish them by their songs. + +We can lie out on the grass when the stars have come out, and study the +heavens or take trips at night with an experienced woodsman, who perhaps +shows us that Nature by night is very often different from Nature by +day, or of how we can find a trail through a dense wood by the light of +a star--the North Star. + +Woodcraft includes what we may merely for convenience classify as +campcraft, which is to know all there is to know about camping in the +open. + +For most purposes a good knowledge of how to make out-door fires; (both +from the standpoint of heat and the kind of food to be cooked) cooking; +trailing; and how to make and break a camp, are sufficient. + +Beginners in this lore would do well to get a thorough knowledge of +campcraft by going about it one step at a time. For instance, it is +advisable to confine oneself to short trips at first and learn about the +sensing of directions, trail cutting and blazing, cooking, pitching +tents or building lean-tos; thus taking the various branches which are +preparatory to the actual experience and real adventure of a camping-out +party, and it is then and there that our real knowledge is tested. + +The topics to be considered either when learning about campcraft or when +actually doing it, are briefly: + + 1. _Trip Planning_ + Use of maps + Provisions + Clothing + Railroad connections + + 2. _Trail Making_ + Survey for trail + Blazing trail + Cutting a trail + + 3. _Selection of Camp Site_ + Location as to supply of fuel, water and fairly high, + well-drained land. + Shelters, tents or lean-tos + Bed-making + +[Illustration: The complete lean-to, showing fire place, wood pile and +table to right. Cache is in back.] + + 4. _Camp Discipline_ + Working squad + Toilet facilities + Exploration parties + +The basis for quite a comprehensive knowledge of woodcraft in all its +branches, camping and Nature Study, is to be found in the Girl Scout +Handbook, "Scouting for Girls." + + +3. ENTERTAINMENTS AND DIVERSIONS + +Entertainments or shows of which there are an overwhelming variety are a +great aid in keeping everyone in a cheerful frame of mind. + +In the dramatic line we have the play, pantomime, vaudeville, minstrel, +"take offs," charades, the circus and dramatization of stories. + +With musical talent in a camp it adds much zest to form an orchestra and +then there is the possibility of musical evenings and concerts. Added to +these are the Stunt Parties, Dances and Masquerades, Marshmallow and +Corn Roasts, and if it is a seashore camp, the clam bake. + +The play requires an amount of preparation and time not always to be +spared in a camp unless the season is long. The most enjoyable shows are +bound to be the more spontaneous expressions in the form of impromptu +affairs. + +There are celebrations which take place on particular days such as the +Fourth of July or any other event which you wish to commemorate, just as +the pageant can be presented to display your camping or community +activities. + +One of the finest things to cultivate if you are in close proximity to +other camps is an inter-camp relationship, either in the forms of +inter-camp contests or frolics, or any demonstration which you think +betokens friendship. This may even go so far as the building of +inter-camp shacks and the making of inter-camp trails. + +It is not only illuminating to come into contact with another camp +besides your own--it is a source of great diversion and enjoyment, if +there is plenty of fun and friendship, and an absence of group jealousy. + + +4. CAMP SINGS + +Singing is a great and important part of camp life, for it reflects +every phase and meets all the situations of that life. + +Songs are generally composed by the individual or by groups, being the +expression of their feelings, or results of their experience in camp. +The songs are quickly adopted by the camp as a whole because people like +to sing their own songs, especially songs about fresh, actual +happenings. + +Some of the songs which reflect universal experience live on through the +years and become traditional, while others drop out and are never heard +of again. The following are Girl Scout Songs that have weathered more or +less satisfactorily. + + +THE VICTORY GIRLS + +(_Tune_: "K-K-Katy") + + G-G-G-Girl Scouts! + You Victory Girl Scouts! + You're the only Victory Girls that get our votes. + And when you march by, + Under your troop flags, + We'll be cheering for your K-K-K-Khaki coats! + + +MARCHING SONG + +(_Tune_: "Where Do We Go from Here, Boys?") + + Where do we go from here, girls, where do we go from here? + Anywhere (our Captain[B]) leads we'll follow, never fear. + The world is full of dandy girls, but wait till we appear--Then! + Girl Scouts, Girl Scouts, give us a hearty cheer! + +[B] Supply Captain's name. + + +WE'RE COMING! + +(_Tune_: "Old Black Joe") + +Camping Song + +I. + + Come where the lake lies gleaming in the sun, + Come where the days are filled with work and fun, + Come where the moon hangs out her evening lamp, + The Scouts are trooping, trooping, trooping, back to Camp. + + CHORUS: + + We're coming! We're coming! to the lakes, the hills, the sea. + Old Mother Nature calls her children--you and me! + + II. + + Come where we learn the wisdom of the wood, + Come where we prove that simple things are good, + Come where we pledge allegiance to our land, + America! you've called your daughters--here we stand. + + CHORUS: + + We're coming! We're coming, till we spread from sea to sea, + Our country needs us--wants us--calls us--you and me! + + +RALLY SONG + +(_Tune_: "Smiles") + + There are girls that make you gloomy, + There are girls that make you gay, + There are girls forever hanging backward, + There are girls who like to lead the way, + But that girl that's always at "attention!" + That her Country cannot do without, + That we know the world can always count on-- + She is my girl--the good Girl Scout. + + +THE LONG, LONG LINE + +(_Tune_: "The Long, Long Trail") + +Recruiting Song + + Do you feel a little lonely? + Are your friends too few? + Would you like to join some jolly girls + In the things you think and do? + Don't you know your Country's waiting? + Have you heard her call? + See, the Scouts are crowding, crowding in, + Where there's room for one and all! + + CHORUS: + + There's a long, long line a-growing, + From north to south, east to west, + There's a place a-waiting in it, too, that you'll fill best! + We are sure you'd like to join us + If you knew what we can do, + And we'd like, O how we'd like, to make a good Girl Scout of you! + + +CLIMB ALONG! + +(_Tune_: "Joan of Arc") + +_Golden Eaglet Song_ + + Some girls are working, some girls are shirking, + Some girls are too scared to try, + Pluck up your grit, girls, use all your wit, girls, + See where the Gold Eaglets fly! + Watch them up above there, circling in the blue, + Earn them--and they'll fly to you! + + CHORUS: + + Climb along! Climb along! with a cheer and a smile and a song! + Though it seems an awful lot to do, + Other Scouts made good--and so can you! + Climb along! Climb along! and you'll surely put it through. + Then lead your troop to Victory--for the Eaglets are calling you! + + +TENDERFOOT SONG + +(_Tune_: "When You Come Back") + + When I'm a Scout--and I _am_ a Scout, + I'll make the other girls jump and look out! + And as I get on, I surely will pass + Like a bright lass to the Scout's Second Class. + And when I've a First Class up on my sleeve, + Oh, it's the proud girl I shall be! (Hurrah!) + When I'm a Scout--and I _am_ a Scout, + There's a big job waiting for me! + + +ORGANIZING SONG + +(_Tune_: "A Hot Time in the Old Town") + + Come along, girls, get ready, let us form our patrol, + Let us choose a dandy Captain who will make the Scouts enroll, + All around us they are joining, and we can't be left behind, + Get your friends all together--see how many you can find! + +[Illustration: THE BUILDERS. House built entirely by Girl Scouts] + + CHORUS: + + See, oh, see, the Scouts are coming in! + Once they join, they stick through thick and thin, + And when they play the game, they're pretty sure to win-- + There'll be a Scout troop in our town this year! + + +WINTER SONG + +(_Tune_: "Keep the Home Fires Burning") + + Keep the Scout work going, + While the year is growing, + Winter's cold and dready, but 'twill soon pass by! + We can all remember + Through the long December + Camps and hikes and swims and sports in the warm July! + + +HIKING SONG + +(_Tune_: "Pack Up Your Troubles in Your Old Kit Bag") + + Pack up your dinner in your brown knapsack, + And hike, hike, hike! + Take all you need upon your own strong back, + Wander where you like. + Leave the roads to motor cars, + The side walks to the bike--_but_ + Pack up your dinner in your brown knapsack, + And hike, hike, hike! + + +SCOUT MARCHING SONG + +(_Tune_: "Marching Through Georgia") + +I. + + Everywhere you go to-day, you'll find a little Scout, + Work or play, they lead the way, there can't be any doubt, + When their Country calls on them, they answer with a shout, + Rah, rah, rah, for the Girl Scouts! + + CHORUS: + + Hurrah, Hurrah, the Scouts are on their way! + Hurrah, Hurrah, we're surely here to stay! + Comrades all around the world, we're growing every day, + Rah, rah, rah, for the Girl Scouts! + + II. + + Nothing is too big or small for any Scout to do, + Call them if you need their help, and they will see you through, + Here's their motto--Be Prepared!--they mean it, yes, they do! + Rah, rah, rah, for the Girl Scouts! + + +GIRL SCOUT LULLABYE + + When evening comes and darkness softly falls, + Girl Scouts their rest around the camp fire seek + And each to herself her laws recalls. + Her truth, her honor, purity, obedience and loyalty + While softly, the moonbeams and stars twinkle brightly, + God's witnesses on high, + While the bugle sounds its soft good-night. + + * * * * * + +(_Tune_: "Carry'n On," from "The Better 'Ole") + + The Girl Scouts are coming, their drums and their fifes + Sound echoes of gladness from joyous young lives. + See each is prepared to do her good deed, + To God and her country and all those in need. + Her knots and her signalling, first aid and drill, + Show regular practice--say, ain't that some skill? + + CHORUS: + + My word, ain't they carry'n on + It's just great to think upon + Now Scouting's just the thing, + So let your joy bells ring + Because the Girl Scouts all are carrying on, + It's simply great, how they're carrying on. + + +ON THE TRAIL + +The Girl Scouts' Marching Song + + +I. + + Oh! this is the song we sing, as the gay Girl Scouts go marching, + Away on the trail we swing, with heaven over-arching, + As up, up, up the hill we climb, and down, down, down again, + Our hearts are happy all the time, and we step to the gay refrain, + Marching on! Marching on! Marching on through rain or sunshine! + + CHORUS: + + Sing ho! for the way, and hurrah! for the day, + As we march along together, + Then naught are the hills, or the miles or the ills, + When the Girl Scouts take the trail. + Sing ho! for the way, and hurrah! for the day, + As we march along together! + Then naught are the hills, or the miles or the ills + When the Girl Scouts take the trail. + + +II. + + The sun is a comrade old, with a warm and hearty blessing, + The wind, with his fingers cold, will tease in rough caressing, + The friendly trees make shadow sweet, on roads that wind and wind, + The grass is tender to our feet, and even the rain is kind. + + _Words by Abbie Farwell Brown_ + _Music by Mabel W. Daniels_ + _Copies to be had from National Headquarters_ + +[Illustration: NEARLY FINISHED] + + +SONGS FROM IV ENCAMPMENT OF 1ST G. S. T. S. + +(_Tune_: "Mr. Zip Zip") + +COMPANY A + + Good morning, Caterpillar dear, + Hanging down to kiss us every day; + Good morning, Caterpillar dear, + You're never far away. + You're with us at breakfast and dinner, too; + At rest your numbers are not a few. + Good morning, Caterpillar dear, + For the beetles soon will get you, + The beetles soon will get you, + The beetles soon will get you + Here!!! + +COMPANY B + + Good morning! Keep your posture straight, + With your spine just as long as mine; + Good morning! Take your exercise, + With all your bones in a line; + Skull and thorax and pelvis, too, + Keep a plumb line, that's what you do. + Good morning! Keep your posture straight, + With your spine just as long as-- + Your spine just as long as-- + Your spine just as long as-- + Mine. + +COMPANY C + + Good morning! When inspection comes, + Have your tent look just as neat as mine; + Good morning! When inspection comes, + Have your handles in a line; + Hide your tooth brush and paper, too, + Or they'll mark you down-- + That's what they'll do. + Good morning! When inspection comes, + Have your pockets buttoned tight as-- + Your tent flaps just as right as-- + Your face and hands as white as-- + Mine. + +INSTRUCTORS + + Good morning! G. S. T. S. girls, + With your brains all in a whirl; + Good morning! When the bugle sounds + Each to her chase and twirl! + To drill and dancing and fire galore, + Swimming and posture and semaphore-- + Good morning at the G. S. Camp, + Where you work upon your lean-to + Longer than you mean to, + Where they keep you on the tramp, tramp, tramp. + +OFFICERS + + Good morning! Did you sleep last night, + When the officers had passed your tents? + Good morning! Don't you think they might + Show a little more common sense? + They say good-night when we're fast asleep, + As into our cots they coyly peep; + Good morning! Did you sleep last night, + When the officers had passed your-- + The officers had passed your-- + The officers had passed your-- + tents? + + * * * * * + +(_Tune_: "How You Goin' to Keep Them Down on the Farm?") + + How're you going to keep us happy at home, + After we've been at Camp? + How're you going to keep us inside the house, + After we've slept in the dew and the damp? + How will we remember, when we eat, + Not to wipe out plates? + Imagine having everything so neat. + Keeping _shoes_, _soap_, _brush_, _bags_, _pins_, _towels_, + Under blanket and sheet. + How're we going to live in a civilized town, + After we've been to Camp? + +[Illustration: "BE PREPARED." The Signalling Class] + + +5. ACHIEVEMENTS + +Whether you receive prizes or honors, points or merit badges for the +attainment of a definite achievement in your camp work, it is more +systematic to keep some sort of record of each individual's progress and +accomplishment. + +A very simple way is a book record, but a far more interesting and +successful method is to make a chart placing it on a conspicuous wall +space where all may study it. On the chart will be found the names of +all the campers together, with the names of all the activities. In a +space under these activity headings and opposite the girl's name, a +space will be reserved for recording her points. + +Take for example a proposed section of a chart such as the accompanying +one. + +For every girl who has received a point on such a chart it means that +she has satisfactorily complied with the standards imposed. For example, +in Nature Study we may say that Scout Jane identified perfectly 20 +flowers and 15 birds. + +[Illustration: + + |-------------------------------------------------------------------| + |CAMP CALMACO CHART RECORD | + | - for 1920 - | + |---------|---------------------------------------------------------| + | | Qualified As + | NAMES |-----------|-----|-----|------|---------|-------|--------| + | |Second |Child|First|Health|Signaller|Swimmer|Gardener| + | |Class Scout|Nurse| Aide|Winner| 2 | | | + |---------|-----------|-----|-----|------|---------|-------|--------| + |M. Bishop| * | * | | * | | | | + |---------|-----------|-----|-----|------|---------|-------|--------| + |J. Deeter| * | | * | | * | * | | + |---------|-----------|-----|-----|------|---------|-------|--------| + |B. Dean | * | | | * | | | | + |---------|-----------|-----|-----|------|---------|-------|--------| + + |---------|-----------------------------------------------| + | | Qualified As | + | NAMES |--------|---------|---------|-----|-------|----| + | |Botanist|Zoologist|Map Maker|Dance|Athlete| | + | | | | | | | | + |---------|--------|---------|---------|-----|-------|----| + |M. Bishop| | | * | * | | | + |---------|--------|---------|---------|-----|-------|----| + |J. Deeter| | | | | | | + |---------|--------|---------|---------|-----|-------|----| + |B. Dean | | * | | | * | | + |---------|--------|---------|---------|-----|-------|----| + +I. Section of a Chart for recording achievements of Scouts. In a large +camp, a permanent backer with headings can be made, and strips for each +Scout pinned on and removed when she leaves camp.] + +Girl Scouts would work out such a chart in relation to and on the basis +of the winning of merit badges in the fifty-seven-odd Scout subjects. + +Recording is not the only means of recognition given to a girl who has +made a definite achievement along some given line. But awards and honors +are often given at the end of the season in many camps. However, only +the merit badges will be discussed here, as this is primarily a Manual +for Girl Scout camps. + +It is to be remembered that the chart does not record everything about a +girl. When reviewing the chart or record book before deciding who +deserves the final honors, or merit badges, there are other things to be +taken into account, for instance, the effort and the progress or +improvement and the kind of spirit that went with the material +achievement. + + + + +X + +HIKES + + _Now away we go toward the topmost mountains. Many + still, small voices, as well as the noon thunder, + are calling, "Come higher!"_ + --_John Muir_ + + +Daytime + +The daytime hike gives the camper an opportunity to see something of the +surrounding country, and to have the experience of following paths and +trails, of climbing and coming into touch with the deep woods, and all +of their beauties. Also the necessary routine and rules of an organized +camp would prove unbearable to the all-summer hiker if she did not get +away from them once in a while. The very purpose of the camp would be +thwarted. All children are not so constituted or trained that they can +go off and sleep in the woods even for one night, but they should be +encouraged to take hikes varying in length from five to twenty miles +according to the child's ability to endure. + +The daytime hikers should leave camp by ten o'clock, each one properly +shod and clothed and for convenience carrying her own luncheon either in +a knapsack or in a little, well-wrapped parcel. She should have her +individual drinking cup, and if the hike is to include a swim in some +far-off lake, a bathing suit and bath towel should be taken. There +should be an objective for these daytime hikes and the paths and roads +should be well known by some member of the party. Two hours is none too +long a time for the noon rest and luncheon and the return trip should be +planned to bring the campers into camp before supper. It is never wise +to start out with a group of girls who cannot keep about the same pace. +Nothing is more fatiguing than exerting oneself to keep up to a pace or +on the other hand to slacken one's pace for the accommodation of the +lagger. There should always be one person in charge of the entire group +and she should have as many assistants as the size of the group +requires. One counsellor to every ten girls is none too many for a +daytime hike. Under no circumstances, even though there were but six +girls, should one counsellor assume the entire responsibility for a +week-end or overnight hike. There should always be at least two older +people. The great opportunity for studying Nature should be taken +advantage of and if possible a nature study teacher should accompany the +girls. All hikers on return to camp should be examined, and any +blisters, bruises, cuts or strains should be reported and properly +attended to. There have been cases where from neglect, a blister on the +foot has become infected, causing serious trouble. + +Girl Scouts when hiking along highways should walk in single file on the +left hand side of the way, thus giving them an opportunity to see +approaching vehicles. + +There are many interesting signs that can be made by Scouts when hiking, +to mark the trail or note conditions observed. These signs and their +uses are given in the Girl Scout Handbook and should be learned and put +into practice. The use of them develops the powers of observation and +makes for alertness. + + +Week-End Hike + +No child should be permitted to start out on a week-end hike unless her +physical condition is such as to withstand any unexpected weather +conditions which might arise or prolonged exposure in the open. Also she +should be properly clothed; preferably in thin woolen clothes, wearing +as little as possible, yet being comfortable. Her shoes should be stout, +low-heeled and round-toed. She should take with her a sweater, extra +underwear, stockings, nightclothes, toilet articles, and blankets. + +Only sufficient food should be taken to last during the time planned +for. This food should be packed in small bags, preferably waterproof. +Two and a quarter pounds for one day's rations is sufficient. Cereal in +some form, many prefer flour in order to make bread, a fat--such as +bacon or butter--rice, for bulk, something to drink, cocoa or tea, a +sweet, preferably chocolate, a small amount of sugar and raisins are +suggested. Eggs can be added to the above; also salt, baking powder, +evaporated milk and dried egg. + +Never start for a week-end hike late in the afternoon. Plan to make camp +not later in the day than five o'clock. At once build the campfire and +start to prepare the supper. Select suitable places on the ground for +sleeping. Make sure that the ground is dry, and if possible spread a +poncho under the blankets. A hole dug so that the body will fit into it +and touch the ground at every point makes sleeping more comfortable. +Keep the campfire burning all night, different members of the party, two +at a time, being on guard. Do not have the fire too large. One of the +signs of a tenderfoot woodsman is a big fire for cooking or the night +watch. Not only are they dangerous, but when using them for cooking the +cook as well as the food is apt to be burned. Before building the fire, +scrape all leaves and dried grass from the ground, leaving a foundation +of bare earth. Make sure that every vestige of fire is out upon breaking +camp. Also that no evidences of a camp save the matted grass are left +behind. + +In carrying a pack, place the load high on the back and move the body +forward to keep the center of gravity. + + +Overnight Hike + + _... And when the airs is warming, it's then + yourself and me should be pacing ... in the dews + of night, the times sweet smells do be rising, and + you'd see a little shiny new moon, may be, sinking + on the hills._ + --_J. M. Synge_ + +The overnight hike is more of a lark than the week-end hike. Its +principal features are sleeping in the open and cooking one's food in +the most primitive manner. The same requirements as for week-end hikes +should obtain as to the number of counsellors and the child's physical +condition. Also she should be properly clothed for the trip as to shoes, +stockings, underclothes, and so forth. The necessary equipment for an +overnight hike such as nightclothes, toilet articles, etc., can be +neatly laid in a blanket and the blanket rolled from end to end. It +should be tied in the center, about four inches from either end and +between the ends and the center with a stout string. Bring the ends +together side by side and tie tightly. Throw the blanket over the head, +the ends under one arm, the center of the blanket on the opposite +shoulder. + +The hiker can take more food than is strictly necessary, for as a +general thing she walks only a short distance and can thus carry a quite +heavy pack. The trip should be so planned that the hikers reach their +destination by five o'clock in the afternoon. The following day can be +spent in exploring the surrounding country, finding as many points of +interest as possible, studying the trees, the flowers, the birds, and +following up any trails, paths or streams which look interesting. The +day should be so planned that the return to the main camp will be +accomplished in the late afternoon or early evening. + +[Illustration: FIRST AIDES. Several Kinds of Bandages] + + +Camp Fires + +There are various kinds of camp fires that can be made and experimented +with while off on a hike. The log cabin fire, in which two sticks are +laid parallel to each other about nine inches apart, two more laid in +the opposite direction on top of the ends of the first two sticks, the +square made about three sticks high. In the center of this is laid a +small fire of dried leaves and small dried twigs. When the fire is well +started larger twigs should be slowly added until there is a bed of +coals on which can be put short sticks of wood. The cooking utensils can +be stood on the log cabin foundation if it has been made of wood +sufficiently large to withstand the heat of the fire, or they can stand +on a grating placed over the fire. Never cook over a blaze. Wait until +there is a bed of coals. + +Another way of building a campfire is to select two large green logs; +place them near together at one end, the other ends 18 inches or more +apart and facing the wind. Build the fire in between the logs. Smooth +off the top of the logs with an axe to form a support for the cooking +utensils. + +Where large stones are available make a fireplace by putting two stones +about ten or twelve inches apart at right angles to a large back stone, +or place three stones to form a hollow square, building the fire in the +center. Cooking utensils can be stood on a stone placed over the top of +the fireplace or on a grating placed across the top, or rested on two +iron bars laid on top of the fireplace. + +Another fire can be built by placing three medium sized sticks in the +shape of an Indian tepee or wigwam. The sticks must be of about the same +size and placed so carefully that they will not fall into the fire which +is built underneath them. When the dried leaves and twigs have started +to burn well, add a little wood of a larger size, thus gradually +building up the fire. Over the fire three larger sticks can be +placed--those which are three or four feet in length--brought to a +point, fastened with rope and a kettle hung over the fire from the +center. + +One of the best woods to use is scrub oak which is distributed quite +widely over the United States. It burns slowly and gives out an even +heat. + +Another fire, especially useful in the case of high wind, is built in a +trench, one end of which is deeper than the other, also wider. Start the +fire with dried leaves, twigs, etc., gradually adding larger wood, +finally using logs placed lengthwise in the trench. This type can be +used very effectively for burning garbage, particularly if the garbage +is placed in the trench and the fire built on top of it. + +[Illustration: TO "KEEP THE HOME FIRES BURNING," KEEP THE WOOD PILE +HIGH] + +Another type of fire which can be used for warmth even better than for +cooking is built in front of three large logs placed one on top of +another in slightly slanting formation. The logs serve to reflect the +heat. + +A few suggestions may be helpful to the young camper. Before lighting +your fire have at hand all of the necessary material, dried leaves, tiny +dry twigs, twigs of a larger size, small sticks, and finally your heavy +fuel. Do not smother the fire by starting with too much material and do +not put it out by putting on too much wood at one time. The object is to +have a bed of hot coals over which you can do the necessary cooking +without either smoking the cooking utensils, burning the food, or +burning oneself, or being choked with smoke. + +There are various cooking utensils and appliances made especially for +campers which are both interesting to use and most serviceable. One is +the grate with folding legs which can be stuck into the ground, the +grate placed over the fire. Another is the reflector oven made of tin +with a shelf holding a pan, the whole to be set in front of the fire, +and can be used for baking bread, apple cake, etc. + +The greatest test for the camper is the building of a fire in rainy +weather when leaves and twigs and wood are far from dry. It can be done +and the greatest joy derived in the doing. Choose an old log which is +not water-soaked. Split it with an axe; split one-half of it again. With +a sharp knife make a little pile of shavings whittled from the heart of +the log. Put them in the center of the log cabin formation. Light them +from underneath (which is the way all fires should be lighted), and coax +the blaze by adding dry shavings as required until there is sufficient +blaze to light the small wood which has been collected. This fire takes +patience and perseverance. + +It is sometimes possible in very wet weather to pick up small wood that +has been protected from the rain; also to break off the dead wood of +trees or the small twigs on the ends of the limbs to start a fire. + +Under no circumstances should a camper use artificial tinder of any +kind. No paper, excelsior or oil should be used in building a campfire, +and a Scout should need only one match. + +Always build a fire where the wind will blow the smoke away from the +camp, and never fail to build it on the bare ground where there will be +no possibility of its creeping through the grass or underbrush into the +woods. + +After a meal when necessary to burn garbage, do not throw a quantity +right on top of the fire to smoulder and cause a disagreeable odor. +Rather sprinkle it around the edges that it may dry before being +shoveled onto the coals. When necessary to burn papers, be careful that +a burning paper does not blow into nearby brush or woods. + +The questions of fires and provisions for hiking are treated at length +in the Girl Scout Handbook. + + +A Deschutes River Fishing Trip in the Deep Forests of the Cascade Range +North Western Washington + + _We are now in the mountains and they are in us, + kindling enthusiasm, making every nerve quiver, + filling every pore and cell of us. Our + flesh-and-bone tabernacle teems transparent as + glass to the beauty about us, as if truly an + inseparable part of it, thrilling with the air and + trees, streams and rocks, in the waves of the + sun--a part of all nature, neither old nor young, + sick nor well, but immortal._ + --_John Muir_ + + There were ten of us--our chaperones, a man and + his wife; a good all-round camp man, capable of + instructing in camp life, fishing and wood + knowledge of all kinds; our Captain and four Girl + Scouts. + + We left Tacoma at seven A. M. by automobile, + driving three hours to the foot of Huckleberry + Mountain from which point we were to hike to camp. + Here we were met by a native of the parts who was + to carry a pack, as we had not enough men to + manage supplies. Pack ponies are out of the + question, for the trail leads for six miles over + fallen trees and through dense growth. After half + an hour, our packs and bed rolls adjusted, we + started off at a good even pace for the river. + + For one mile hiking was comparatively easy. Then + we had to cross the river over a fallen tree. The + girls could not do this and carry their packs, so + the men made several trips after which we all + crossed. The time taken in crossing the river was + equivalent to, a good rest, so as soon as the last + member of our party was over, we readjusted our + packs and started on our way. + + The trail now led through a dense fir forest with + its scattering spruce and hemlock. For a mile it + led along the high bank of the Deschutes River + where we could look far down into myriads of + jade-colored pools; then for a mile into the very + heart of the woods among masses of glassy, + dark-green ferns, and clumps of feathery, tossing + maiden-hair; through Oregon grape, bright arsenic + green and brilliant red. Here and there we came to + a fairy-like dell, carpeted with red and green + moss, starred with hundreds of flat five-petalled + white blossoms. At the far corner of this nook, + more unprotected where the sun shone, was a clump + of the blue and white butterfly blossoms of the + Mountain Lupine. In one of these dells we stopped + for our luncheon. It was just past that silent + hour of the woods and we could hear twigs snapping + under the feet of moving animals. Birds were + singing and it was the one time of day when there + is a perfume in the dense woods such as we were + in; a drugged perfume of sweet clover, the + flowered mosses and scattered Lupine. Before + leaving we each ate an orange we had been told to + bring, as mountain water taken on a hike winds one + too quickly. During the hike we could chew dried + prunes at any time, but absolutely no water could + we have until we reached camp. + + The trail then led back to the river bank and + along it over fallen logs and among trees deeply + laden with hanging silver grey moss. This lasted + for two miles, until the river split, forming a + small island easily reached by stepping stones, + where camp was made. + + The very first thing done was to teach the girls + how to make beds, which we did, while the men cut + hemlock boughs; our extra man remaining long + enough for that. The second thing was to pick out + places for our beds and as soon as there were + enough boughs we placed our bags, already made, + upon them. The men then gathered enough wood for + that night and the following morning. Pitch + torches were made and stacked where we could get + them. While they were busy with this heavy work + that had to be accomplished before night the girls + gathered rocks for the oven, and dug a hole for + the cache. This hole was lined with one of the + small tarpaulins, all food placed in it, tarpaulin + drawn over, and slabs of bark then placed over the + hole. This protected food, both from weather and + animals. A shelf was made on the side of one of + the trees on which the baking powder tins were + placed with salt, sugar, part of flour, such + things as coffee, jam, milk, etc., that were + already in tins were also kept on this shelf. + +[Illustration: AROUND THE CAMPFIRE] + + This work was completed by five-thirty, the cook + oven constructed and second fire made around + which the beds were placed. Dinner over, we turned + in early, being exhausted, in spite of the good + condition we were all supposed to be in for the + trip. We slept in our clothes with cap and bed + socks for extra warmth and comfort. The two men + did not sit up all night, but took turns keeping + up the fire as it needed attention. The only + animals are deer and cougar, the former harmless, + while the latter seldom come near camp except when + it is deserted. They cause little trouble in the + woods, as we never go alone, but always in + couples. They will track a single person, but + _never_ two. + + Morning routine commenced with a dip in the river + and change of clothes. As we wear our breeches + when out fishing and our skirts in camp, no extra + heavy wearing apparel need be carried. Immediately + after breakfast the beds are always taken apart, + blankets folded and placed on second small + tarpaulin in lean-to which had been constructed + from large slabs of bark against a tree. This + lean-to kept bedding protected from the atmosphere + and animals, as well as serving a second purpose + of camp orderliness and neatness. A second lean-to + was made for wood, bark and pitch torches. The + first morning it was necessary to complete camp + construction before the fun commenced. Shelves + were made on the river bank for toilet articles, + nails placed for towels, etc., and saplings formed + as a screen for fear of a chance fisherman or game + protector passing by. On the other side of the + island a place was made for washing dishes. + + Camp made, we were free to go fishing. So taking a + can of unsalted salmon eggs in our pockets, our + rods, and a v-shaped twig to carry our fish on, we + were off until lunch. + + We all assist in making and cleaning up after this + meal. Then an hour of rest is followed by fishing, + learning woodcraft methods of various kinds, or + anything that we may choose to do. Dinner was + prepared while there was still daylight, and then + the best part of camp life began--telling stories + around the fire, studying the stars and singing to + the accompaniment of mandolin and ukulele, always + carried on a trip of this kind. + + The large tarpaulins brought are for emergency + only, in case of a thunderstorm. Such occurring we + gather all our beds together into one row and the + tarpaulin is placed over them, under which we lie + until the storm is over. By crawling out carefully + we can gather up tarpaulin and shake it out away + from our bedding and thus we can keep dry without + the shelter of cabin, tent or lean-to. + + This is a general routine of a short roughing trip + in the deep mountain forests of North Western + Washington. + + The only addition necessary for the ordinary Girl + Scout equipment for a week-end hike is fishing + rods and tackle. + +[Illustration: GIRL SCOUT "HAYSEEDS" AND THE STACK THEY MADE] + + + + +XI. + +CAMP HEALTH AND CAMP SAFETY + + _Ye, use ... this medicine + Every day this May or thou dine, + Go looke upon the fresh daisie + And though thou be for wo in point to die, + That shall full greatly lessen thee of thy pine._ + --_Chaucer_ + + +1. CAMP SANITATION + +Too great stress cannot be laid upon the question of sanitation. Make +the camp safe if you would have a healthful, happy camp, and keep it +orderly if you would keep it safe. The time to make the camp safe is +before and during the process of building and prior to each camp season +if an old camp is used. Certain known things are fore-runners of trouble +and should be avoided or safeguarded against from the start. Among these +are low, damp ground, impure water, an insufficient supply of water, +unsafe bathing conditions, such as deep water only, a very swift +current, undertow, shallow water and a quick drop, holes, and so forth; +proximity to pest breeding places such as pools of stagnant water, +marshes where mosquitoes breed, uncared-for out houses, barns, and +dumps; inadequate latrine facilities, and so forth. + +The keeping of the camp safe is a daily matter which includes the +disposal of all waste, the cleaning of the camp grounds and all +buildings, the inspection of the water supply, provisions, equipment, +the latter in a general way, the guarding against pests of any kind and +the personal health of the campers. + + +Disposition of Trash + +Every morning all trash should be collected and properly disposed of. +Burning is the only method unless arrangements have been made to have +all dry waste carted away. For burning light trash use a small +incinerator two feet high and eighteen inches in diameter, made of iron, +and with a cover circular in shape and perforated closely with holes +half an inch in diameter. When in use the incinerator should stand in an +open place away from all tents and buildings. The heavier trash, such as +old shoes, paste-board boxes, discarded clothing, should be burned in a +heap away from all buildings, care being taken that no bits of hot paper +cause grass fires, or blow into the woods. + +[Illustration: "OVER THE TOP"] + +Wooden boxes in which provisions are shipped can be split up for +kindling wood, or if the boxes are large and well made, kept for packing +equipment for storage. Some of the well-made boxes are very serviceable +to use as seats, and one could be placed in the kitchen to hold wood. +Butter tubs, if washed and dried, can be used to hold vegetables or +other provisions. Barrels should never be thrown away if in good +condition. They are invaluable when packing dishes or kitchen ware and +during the summer will hold sacks of provisions such as cereal, rice, +hominy, beans, and so forth. + +All tin cans should be rinsed out as soon as emptied, burned on the +trash heap and when cold thrown into a covered pit, or into covered +barrels to be carted away at the end of the season. + + +Garbage + +There are three ways of disposing of garbage when in camp. Burn it, bury +it, give it away. Sometimes all three ways are necessary in one camp. If +the group is small and there is little garbage it can be thrown around +the edge of a hot fire and when dried out, raked onto the hot coals. + +In larger camps a portable incinerator can be used. One form has a basin +over the fire pot, into which garbage is placed to be dried out and then +turned into the fire. + +In camps of 100 or more people where burning is difficult, pits for +burying garbage have been found satisfactory if properly cared for and +dug not near the camp buildings or source of water supply. They should +be deep, oblong in shape, and the earth should be thrown up at one side +to be used in covering the garbage as soon as it is thrown into the pit. + +In a camp where there is no plumbing, liquid waste as well as garbage, +can be disposed of in the following way. Dig a trench four feet long, +two feet deep and thirty inches wide at one end; eight inches wide and +level with the ground at the other end; line with stone, or if this is +impossible, use tin, sheet iron, or brick. Put the garbage into the +trench, build a fire on top of it, when the fire is very hot pour the +liquid waste into the trench at the small end. If there is a great deal +of garbage some of it will have to be put on top of the fire which +should be made of heavy logs of hard wood. Tin cans can be burnt in this +fire and then treated as stated before. + +The disposing of camp garbage is not a difficult matter if some system +and care are used. It is necessary to have a covered pail near the +kitchen door for use during the day. The contents of this pail should be +burned or buried every night after supper and if necessary once during +the day, preferably after dinner. If this pail is lined with two or +three thicknesses of newspaper each time after emptying, it will be kept +in good condition. + +If garbage is to be carted out of camp, have proper receptacles for +transporting it and do not let too much accumulate at any one time. + +Under no circumstances allow waste food to be strewn on the ground +anywhere within camp limits, or the ground around the garbage pail, pit +or incinerator to be untidy. + +One of the best disinfectants for latrines and garbage pits is +smouldering tar paper. Break the paper into small pieces, throw into the +latrine or pit, light and let smoulder. + + +Pests + +At least twice a week camp grounds should be thoroughly inspected to +make sure that there are no pest breeding places such as pools of +stagnant water, old tin cans in which water will collect, trash heaps, +and so forth. It is much easier to keep flies and mosquitoes away by +doing away with such places, than it is to exterminate them after they +have come in large numbers. If camp grounds and buildings are cleaned +every day and all waste properly disposed of, there is little danger of +trouble from pests. + +In localities where mosquitoes and flies are very troublesome other +precautions should be taken. It might be necessary to have mosquito +netting over the cots at night and fly paper in the kitchen and store +closet. A piece of absorbent cotton saturated in citronella and hung on +the tent poles at either end of the tent will sometimes keep mosquitoes +away as they dislike intensely any strong odor. + +If ants get into the kitchen or store closets borax sprinkled on the +shelves will often send them away, or if they are very troublesome +dishes of food can be stood in pans of water. + + +Water Supply + +An adequate water supply is most essential for any camp, and should be +one of the first things to be considered in selecting a site. Springs +and wells generally supply the camper with drinking water; lakes and +streams with wash water. Few springs or wells can supply enough water +for all purposes when a camp is large. + +Whatever the source of supply the drinking water should be tested by the +Health authorities before camp opens, and at any time there is any +question concerning it. Springs and wells should be cleaned out and the +former protected with boards or screening if necessary. + +Too much thought cannot be given to the question of the water, as to its +purity and quantity. Children drink a great deal in hot weather and much +has to be used for cooking and washing. If there is any danger of the +drinking supply giving out, to prevent waste, allow only one or two +people to draw water and then only when necessary. + +Keep covered tanks or coolers of drinking water in shady places, +convenient for the campers. Caution all as to wastefulness and if in +case of an emergency there is only a very little, place a counsellor in +charge of it and deal it out by the cupful, seeing that all have an +equal share. Of course, only individual cups should be used. + +Should there be any doubt as to the purity of the water, boil it for +twenty minutes, place in earthenware or agate vessels, cool, cover and +lower the vessels down the well, or put them in the ice box, or some +cool place for the water to get cold. + +Water for cooking can be taken from a lake or stream. It is generally +boiled. + +If the only source of supply is a brook or stream, water for drinking +should be taken above camp. All vessels in which it is carried or kept +should be thoroughly washed each day. + +No camp should remain open if the water supply is not what it ought to +be. + +If a camp is supplied with running water and plumbing has been installed +the location and covering of the tank and the cesspool are important +things to consider. + +The drain pipes connected with sinks or tubs should be flushed +occasionally with disinfectants, the sink drain cleaned daily with +boiling water and washing soda. + +Marsh land near a camp site which is otherwise desirable, if treated +with crude oil or the water drained off by ditches, will not prove a +menace. + + +Latrines + +Every camp must be provided with adequate latrine service. One unit for +every eight or ten people is considered necessary. The type of latrine +to be used will depend on existing conditions at the camp site, but +whatever it is the greatest care must be taken to keep them clean. Seats +and covers should be scrubbed every day, houses swept and toilet paper +provided. Covers should not remain open, and it should be considered a +misdemeanor to throw cloths of any kind into a latrine. As a place must +be provided for them it is suggested that a small portable incinerator +be kept in a closed box stood in one corner of the latrine house, and +that the incinerator be removed every day to a near-by open place and +the contents burned. + +[Illustration: VOLLEY BALL] + +Latrines should be cleaned out before camp opens and the ground around +them left perfectly clean. As a precaution make sure that no part of the +contents is deposited anywhere near camp. If the ordinary out-of-door +closet is used, see that chloride of lime is sprinkled in the pit daily. + +If a small group is to be provided for in a temporary camp and a latrine +must be built, the earthen closet will probably give the best +satisfaction. This is made by digging a trench 2 ft. wide, 3 ft. deep +and in length 2 ft. for each unit. Over the trench place a box seat 17 +inches high, with holes having hinged covers. Bank earth around the +bottom of the box and in front of it place a board walk. Protect the +seat by pitching a tent over it or encircling it with a strip of canvas +5 ft. high, fastened to posts, the ends of which pass each other forming +a protected doorway. A box of earth and a small shovel should be kept in +the tent and every time the closet is used earth should be thrown into +it. Lime should be used daily. When necessary to dig a new trench make +sure that the old one is properly filled in. A latrine of this kind must +not be placed near any water supply. + +A type of latrine which is being built on permanent camp sites in the +Palisades Interstate Park and which has been developed by the engineers +of the Park Commission, is giving such satisfaction that an outline of +its construction is herewith given. + +Dig a pit in which is built a concrete tank 3 ft. wide, 3 ft. deep at +one end, and 3 ft. 8 inches at the other, and 17 ft. in length for eight +units, the concrete 6 inches thick. + +Build over it a house 6 or 7 ft. wide, the rear and one side wall of +which rest on the rear and lower end wall of the pit. The deep end of +the pit for 18 inches is left outside of the house. This opening, which +must have an adjustable cover, is used when cleaning the pit. + +Floor the building to within 20 inches of the rear wall. Cover the +opening in the floor with a box seat 17 inches high leaving in it +properly made toilet seats, 2 ft. apart from center to center, with +covers. + +Make four agitators, one for every two units, by fastening a wooden +paddle 5 x 7 inches onto one end of a 5-ft. length of 2-inch iron pipe. +Put the pipes through a slot in the seat between the two openings, the +paddle at right angles to the length of the seat, and clearing the +bottom of the pit by three inches. The agitators are held in place by +clamps attached to the bottom of he seat which allows the pipe handle to +be moved from side to side. Vent pipes 4 inches in diameter extend from +the pit up through the seat back of each cover, and through the roof for +18 inches. + +Charge the pit with 175 gallons of water and 240 pounds of Kaustine, a +patented chemical compound. By moving the agitator handles from side to +side whenever the latrine is used all solid matter is brought in contact +with the Kaustine solution and decomposed. + +As with all other latrines, the house must be kept clean and the seats +scrubbed each day. It is not necessary to use any disinfectants in this +type of house, but it should have two doors and windows. + + +2. FIRST AID + +First Aid supplies are a necessity in camp and should always be +provided. Some one person must be responsible for them and when possible +this person should be either a trained nurse or a practical nurse. + + +Essential Supplies + + Absorbent cotton + Sterile gauze + Bandages + Iodine + Vaseline + Bicarbonate of soda + Castor oil + Alcohol and sugar of lead (for ivy poisoning) + Hot water bottle + Alcohol + Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia + Epsom salts + Small alcohol stove and pan + Cascara + White enamel basin + Towels + +The nurse should have a tent or a corner in some building where a table +and shelf covered with oil cloth and a bed can be placed and all +supplies properly cared for. No one should be allowed to take any of the +supplies without her permission. + + +3. FIRE PREVENTION + +It is advisable to have in every camp, pails of water standing in the +mess hall, in the kitchen, or in other accessible places, or small +chemical fire apparatus to be used in case of necessity. A fire drill is +also an essential provision. + +Place the indoor camp stove on a concrete base with zinc back of it. + +In building the mess hall chimney, be sure that two flues are built, in +case one needs to be used for the kitchen stove pipe, as one flue cannot +be used for two fires. + + +4. THE HEALTH WINNER IN CAMP + +Before any child is admitted to a Girl Scout camp she should have been +thoroughly examined by a competent physician. These examinations should +be arranged for by the Local Councils. With very slight effort it is +possible to enlist the interest of physicians, particularly women +physicians, in making these examinations. + +The accompanying certificate (p. 52) is particularly recommended as +preferable to an informal statement. This certificate, properly filled +out, should be of great assistance to the Camp Director in safeguarding +the health of the Scouts in camp. It must be remembered that young girls +are ambitious to do all that their fellows do, and very seldom are +willing to admit any physical disability. The responsibility should not +be on their shoulders. Camp life subjects each person to quite unusual +physical exertion which in some cases may amount to a strain. The things +to be especially guarded against are heart disturbances, either +functional or organic; painful or too profuse menstruation; flat foot, +weak backs and prolapsed intestine. Under-nutrition and anemia will +usually be automatically corrected by life in the open and the +consequent increased appetite. No child who is markedly undernourished, +however, should be allowed to take extraordinary exercise until she has +begun to gain. + +Before the Scouts start for camp they should be assembled and inspected +in a group by a nurse, or some other person competent to detect body and +head lice. No Scout should be allowed to come to camp infested with +vermin, and yet this happens repeatedly unless definite precautions are +taken. As a rule this cannot be left to the examining physician. If this +examination is made as early as a week ahead of the time to start for +camp the children's heads can be cleansed. + +To cleanse the head from lice, rub the scalp and saturate the hair with +kerosene. Tie the head up in a thick, clean cloth held in place with +safety pins. Leave the bandage on over night. After removing the bandage +it should be plunged at once into hot soap suds, and thoroughly washed. +Wash the scalp and hair with castile or ivory soap, rinsing thoroughly. +Dry with clean towels. Combs and brushes should be thoroughly cleansed +before using. It may be necessary to repeat this process once. + +The ideal should be held before each Scout of having her health record +while in camp a perfect one. Should any unforeseen trouble arise, +however, she must report at once to the nurse or Director. + +Whenever possible, sleep with tent sides and flaps up; never with the +tent closed except in case of a severe storm. + +Indigestion, constipation, diarrhea, headaches, bruises, blisters, +strains and sprains, insect bites, sunburn and ivy poisoning are some of +the common camp ailments that have to be dealt with. + +Observing the Scout Health requirements as discussed in the Handbook, +"Scouting for Girls," helps very much in establishing a healthy Scout +camp and keeping out of it conditions which are often due to +carelessness. + +[Illustration: THE FIRST AID HOUSE] + + + + +XII + +FEEDING THE MULTITUDE + + +1. PROVISIONING + +To buy in large quantities at wholesale and pay for the order within ten +days is economy. To ship by boat and not by rail, when possible, also +saves money. To have a dry, well ventilated store room and an ice room +is to save still more. It is possible and feasible to order before camp +opens, the necessary dry groceries and canned goods to be used in a camp +of 150 during a period of four to five weeks, and to care for same in a +comparatively small space. + +The amounts needed can be computed from the amounts necessary for a +family of four or six. In fact, the knowledge necessary to provide +properly for a family under ordinary circumstances is of the greatest +help in providing for a camp be it large or small. There are many good +cook books which specify quantities for given numbers of people; knowing +these, the numbers of campers to be fed per day, the amounts in which +various kinds of dry provisions are sold at wholesale, gives one the key +to the situation. By making out roughly a week's menus, a close estimate +can be made. + +Cereals, flours and meals can be bought by the sack and range in weight +from 50 to 100 pounds. Sugar can be bought by the bag or barrel, the +latter being better because it is cleaner. Navvy beans, to be used for +baking, are sold in bags, 150 or 160 pounds in a bag. Baking powder is +bought in 5-lb. tins. Cocoa is bought in 25-lb. drums. Macaroni comes in +22-lb. boxes. Peanut butter in 10-lb. pails. Crisco comes in 6-lb. cans; +molasses in No. 10 tins, 6 tins in a case; tomatoes in No. 10 tins, 6 +in a case; apple butter in 30-lb. pails; cod fish in 20-lb. boxes; soap, +1 case of 100 bars; butter in 63-lb. tubs; eggs in a case of 30 dozen; +prunes, apricots, peaches in 25-lb. boxes; raisins in 25-lb. boxes; +cheese, 30 lbs. (whole cheese); split peas in 60-lb. bag; vanilla in +pint or quart bottles; salt, 25-lb. bag; corn starch, 1 package of 2 +dozen boxes; soda, cinnamon, nut meg, ginger, pepper and mustard to be +bought in small quantities as needed. + +Fresh milk, if obtained from a dairy, is delivered in 40-qt. cans. A +quart and a cup per person per day is a good allowance for drinking and +cooking purposes. If fresh milk is not obtainable, or can be had only in +small quantities, a good brand of evaporated milk should be kept on +hand. + +Fresh vegetables are bought either by the pound, bunch, quart, peck or +bushel. In so far as is possible they should be cooked the day they are +delivered. If, however, it is necessary to buy vegetables at one time +for two or three days' supply, use first such things as spinach, peas, +beans and corn, for cabbages, carrots, beets, tomatoes and squash are +more easily kept and are not so impaired in flavor by keeping. + +If fresh meat or chicken is to be served it should be cooked the day it +is delivered, or kept on ice until such time as it will be needed. Fresh +fish should be handled with great care and not allowed to remain off the +ice for any length of time. There are so many wholesome substitutes for +meat that it seems entirely unnecessary for campers to have meat more +than once or at most twice a week. In the summer time, it is very +heating, and also the meat which is obtainable in small communities is +very often not the best quality, to say nothing of being very expensive. +An occasional pot roast of the top of the round, or a roast of lamb, or +a piece of corned beef can be used. Fresh fish when obtainable and well +cooked is always most acceptable. + +[Illustration: THE WEAVERS] + +Canned meat and canned fish are not recommended. + + +Care of Provisions + +All bags of cereal, meals or flour should be placed in covered barrels, +boxes or tubs stood on a platform raised from the floor. Boxes of dried +foods such as fruit, cod fish and so forth should be stacked, each kind +in a pile and placed on the platform. All tinned goods should be taken +out of their cases and laid on shelves. Butter, crisco, eggs, peanut +butter, apple butter, and so forth, should be kept in the ice house. +Cheese should be wrapped in cheese cloth wrung out in vinegar and kept +in a box on a shelf in the store room, not in the ice box. + +The handling of fresh milk is something which should be done with great +care. After opening a large can, the milk should be stirred with a long +ladle which reaches to the bottom of the can. The quantity of milk +needed should be taken out and put in a pitcher. For dipping out the +milk use a dipper which has been sterilized by placing it in boiling +water and cooled by allowing cold water to run over it. This dipper +should not be used for any other purpose than taking milk from the large +can and when not in use can hang in the ice room. Milk cans should +always be kept covered and no milk which has once been taken out of a +can should ever be poured back into it. What is left from the table +should be put in a pitcher and stood in the ice house to be used for +cooking. Milk which is handled in this way and which comes from a first +class dairy will keep sweet for three days. It is not essential to keep +fresh vegetables in an ice house. If the tops are cut off, vegetables +can be kept in baskets in the store room. Under no circumstances should +anything hot or even warm be put into the ice box, as the steam which +arises from the combination of cold and heat will decompose food very +quickly, or cause it to sour. Anything that is hot and needs to be +cooled before placing in the ice box should be covered with cheese cloth +kept for the purpose and stood on the store room shelves. + +Bread, if bought from a bakery, can be kept in a barrel or on shelves +and covered with cheese cloth. The sandwich loaves are recommended as +they cut to better advantage in the bread cutter, and are more +economical in the long run. These loaves weigh about three pounds apiece +and cut into from 40 to 45 slices. + +Ice cream salt should not be kept in the store room, but in a +half-barrel or tub outside of the kitchen door. Salt causes dampness, +which is not desirable. The bag of table salt should stand in a tub or +box of some kind. Fruit, especially tomatoes and peaches, should be +watched closely as little flies are apt to collect on them. + +It is most essential that the store room be swept, the shelves brushed, +and everything not of use removed from it every morning. This is true +with the care of an ice box or room. Not a day should pass that it is +not thoroughly inspected and all that is not usable removed from it, and +the room left in a perfectly clean, wholesome condition. The ice +compartment should be washed out two or three times a week before the +fresh ice is put into the box. + +Do not buy more perishable food than can be properly taken care of and +used within a day or two. Watch it closely, pick it over each day and +throw out any part which shows signs of decay. + +Do not neglect to replenish the larder before supplies are out, as +transportation is slow. Do not forget that large quantities take much +more time to cook than small quantities. Many times meals are not served +on time for this reason. + +Make a point of weighing, measuring and apportioning. It is economy to +do so. + +Nail a card in the kitchen on which is given the quantities of those +things which are used constantly and the number of people each quantity +will supply: sugar, butter, bread, cereal, cocoa, dried fruit. + +Buy only what is needed and can be properly stored. The second grade of +many foods is as good as the first in taste, and as nourishing. It costs +less, and many times simply because it is not perfect in size or +uniformity. + +To buy in bulk is less expensive than to purchase boxed or tinned goods. +This rule for campers pertains particularly to cereals, crackers, meals, +flours, sugar, cocoa, raisins, etc. + +When buying fresh fruits, vegetables or meat, take advantage of the +market, even if it means a quick change of menus. A surplus means low +prices. + +Having bought what is the best or the best that can be afforded, do not +spoil it in the preparation, cooking or serving. A deplorable condition +exists in many homes and doubtless camps as well, because the art of +provisioning from first to last is not better understood. + +The Girl Scout camps must prove that thrift and good food go hand in +hand; also that in every department related in any way to our food, +which is of such importance to health and happiness, the most approved +methods are used. + + +2. CAMP MENUS AND RECIPES + +The condition of one's health is probably more dependent on what one +eats than on any other single thing. Certain foods are necessary to keep +the body in good physical condition and certain combinations of foods +are not only better for the body but more pleasing to the palate than +others. There is a psychology of food which, if studied, is interesting, +and which, if applied, is most helpful. How many times _quantity_ has +not satisfied an appetite when _quality_ has. Living in the open creates +an appetite, generally for quantity rather than quality; but this is no +reason why the latter should be overlooked. + +The facilities for cooking and preparing food for obtaining variety are +limited, and for this reason the deficit must be made up in other ways. +Cereals, fats, liquids, fresh vegetables, fruits and sweets are +necessary, and a little meat may be added. Starchy foods are used for +bulk and should include the cereals, such as rice, hominy, oatmeal, +shredded wheat, cornmeal and macaroni, and potatoes. + +For fat, butter of the _best_ quality should be used on the table, and +crisco for cooking. Liquids, fresh milk, the best that can be obtained, +cocoa and plenty of pure water; fresh vegetables, any and all kinds +procurable; those which are camp standbys are string beans, beets, +carrots, spinach, peas, squash, potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce. + +Fresh fruit, if not too expensive, as it is in some parts of the +country, is desirable; otherwise dried fruits must be used--apricots, +peaches, prunes, apples. It is sometimes possible to secure fresh +berries. + + +_Lamb_: For small groups buy a leg or hind quarter of lamb for roasting, +the shoulder for stews, chops for broiling. For a large group, buy whole +lambs and cut at camp; 40 or 50 pounds is enough for one meal. Before +cooking, wipe off with a damp cloth and rub with salt. + + +_Beef_: A pot roast is best. Use the top of the round which can also be +used for roasting or making meat pies. Twenty-five or thirty pounds for +a pot roast is sufficient for 130 people. When buying beef make sure +that it is not too fresh, for it will be tough; also, the fibre should +not be coarse. The meat should be deep red in color and juicy. + +For soup, buy shin beef. + + +_Fowl_: Chickens are too expensive for camp use. Fowl properly cooked +are very nice. Buy those that are fat and yellow in color. Four pounds +will serve five campers. Cut the meat from the bones before serving and +use the bones for soup. + + +_Fish_: Fish must be fresh or it is not fit even to be cooked. It should +be firm and look fresh. Small fish, cod, halibut or special fish in +special localities are good for camp use. + + +_Sweets_: Simple desserts, such as bread pudding, rice pudding, cottage +pudding, apple pudding, Indian pudding, corn starch, blanc mange, ice +cream, apple butter and jam, sherbets, chocolate pudding, ginger bread +and cookies are used; of course, raw sugar and syrup in moderate +quantities. + + +_Meat substitutes_: Baked beans, cheese, eggs. + + +_Soups_: Soup is wholesome, economical and, when well made, palatable. +It is particularly good on cold days for supper. Vegetable soups without +meat, and cream soups are the best for campers. + +Save the water in which vegetables have been boiled for making soup; +that drained from rice, potatoes, spinach, peas or string beans is best. +The rice water may have added to it tomatoes and seasoning. To potato +and spinach water, add milk, thickening and seasoning. + + +_Breads_: Serve rye bread, whole wheat, graham, corn bread and a limited +amount of white bread; too much of the latter is not healthful. + + +_Menus_: A menu is merely a combination of a few of the above-listed +foods prepared in a variety of ways. Do not serve two starches at the +same time, or two creamed vegetables, or a starch and vegetables without +a sauce or gravy. Bread of some kind, a liquid and a fat are served with +every meal. For breakfast there should be cereal, and if desired a +stewed fruit, perhaps eggs in some form, but they are not necessary. +Dinner should include one starch, two fresh vegetables and a dessert, +or, fish, a starch, one green vegetable and a dessert; or, meat, two +vegetables and a dessert; or a meat substitute, a vegetable, and a +dessert. For supper, fresh or stewed fruit, plenty of milk if possible, +a sweet, and either cheese, peanut butter, a salad or a soup. + + +CAMP FOODS + + _Soups_ + Potato and Onion + Corn Chowder + Tomato + Vegetable + Split Pea + Clam or Fish Chowder + + + _Fish_ + Flounder + Weak Fish + Salt Cod + Butter Fish + Salmon (fresh) + Mackerel + + + _Meat Substitutes_ + Baked Beans + Cheese Omelet + Peanut Butter + Komac Stew + Eggs + Brunswick Stew + + + _Meats_ + Roast Lamb + Lamb Stew + Pot Roast + Roast Beef + Corned Beef + Beef Pie + Meat Loaf + Bacon + Ham + Salt Pork + + + _Vegetables_ + Peas + String Beans + Beets + Carrots + Cabbage + Potatoes + Squash + Onions + Spinach + Cucumbers + Tomatoes + Green Peppers + Corn + Cauliflower + Macaroni + Spaghetti + Rice + Baked Hominy + + + _Breads_ + Brown Bread + Rye Bread + Corn Bread + Baking Powder Biscuit + Graham Bread + White Bread (in small quantities) + Spoon Bread + Whole Wheat Bread + Toast + Griddle Cakes + + + _Desserts_ + Indian Pudding + Chocolate Pudding + Rice Pudding + Apple Cake + Brown Betty + Apple Tapioca + Bread Pudding + Berry Pudding + Ice Cream + Milk Sherbet + Fruit Sherbets + Ginger Bread + French Toast + Cornstarch Pudding + Apple Slump + Stewed Fruits + Apple Butter + Jam + Cookies + + + _Cereals_ + Oatmeal + Hominy + Corn Meal + Post Toasties + Shredded Wheat + Wheatena + + + _Beverages_ + Cocoa + Milk + Lemonade + Postum + + NOTE: It is suggested that a convenient form for + keeping these foods will be a card index with a + separate card for each food, together with a + recipe, and quantities needed for the camp in + question. + + +RECIPES + +_Bread and Cereals_ + + + _Biscuit, Baking Powder_ + For 4 persons + 1 large cup flour + 1 heaping teaspoonful baking powder + 1 teaspoonful salt + Crisco, bacon fat or butter and lard mixed, piece size of an egg + Milk + + With knife chop the fat into the dry mixture + thoroughly, add slowly the milk, stirring gently + with a spoon. Make the dough soft and spongy but + not thin enough to run. With a very little fat + grease the bottom of a pan. Drop the dough from + the end of a spoon onto the pan in quantities the + size of a Uneeda lunch biscuit and about 3/4 of an + inch thick, leaving space between them. Bake in a + reflector oven before a hot fire for 20 minutes, + or cover tight with another pan and bury in hot + ashes under a fire. + +_Bread for Hikers._--1/2 white flour, 1/2 yellow meal; 1-5 powdered +milk; 1/10 powdered egg; salt and baking powder; bake in frying pan +tightly covered and buried in ashes. + + +_Cereals_ + + _Cornmeal_ + 1 cup meal + 1 teaspoonful salt + + Pour boiling water onto the meal a little at a + time, beating fast and hard. When the mixture is + the consistency of mush, cover the kettle, place + it in the outer kettle and cook all night. + + Cereals prepared in this way are much more + digestible and palatable than when boiled quickly + over a hot fire and stirred constantly. + + Hominy can be cooked in this way, using I cup + hominy and four cups of water; small amount of + salt. + + Rice also may be cooked this way. Wash the rice + carefully, 1/2 cup to 3 cups of water, 1 scant + teaspoonful of salt. + + +Rolled Oats for 4 persons + + Two small pieces of wood an inch thick to serve as a pot rest. + 3 cups of cold water + 1 teaspoonful salt + 1 cup oat meal + + Bring water to boiling in small kettle, add salt, + add oatmeal very slowly. Boil over fire 5 minutes + stirring occasionally; cover tight. + + Place the pieces of wood in the larger kettle, + stand cereal kettle on them and pour hot water to + the depth of 3 inches into larger kettle. Cover, + hang over slow fire for all night. Do not uncover + until ready to use. + + +_Dumplings_ + + 3/4 cup of flour + 1 scant teaspoonful baking powder + 1 teaspoonful salt + Enough milk to make a spongy dough + + Add baking powder and salt to flour. Add milk + slowly, drop mixture from end of spoon onto the + boiling stew, cover tightly and cook for 15 + minutes. + + +_Toast_ + + Cut the bread not less than 1/2 inch thick. Brown + over coals, not flames. Use a fork, wire toaster, + or two green wood sticks. + + +_Cocoa_ + + 1 heaping teaspoonful sweetened cocoa + 3/4 cup water + 1/2 cup milk + + Boil the water, put cocoa in cup, add part of the + boiled water, mix thoroughly. Add to rest of + water, boil 2 minutes, add milk, heat to boiling + point but do not boil. Be careful not to burn. If + condensed milk is used, mix cocoa and two + teaspoonfuls of condensed milk together and add + the water, bring to the boiling point. + + +_Desserts_ + + +_Apple Cake_ + + For 4 persons + + Make a baking-powder biscuit dough (see rule) and + spread it in an oblong pan having the dough about + 2 inches thick. The pan should be greased + slightly. Peel and core and cut in quarters 2 + large apples. Slice these thin, and place on the + dough in rows, each slice held in place by + pressing it down into the dough a little. The + slices should be near together. Sprinkle 3/4 of a + cup of sugar over the top, add small pieces of + butter and a little grated nutmeg. Bake in a + reflector oven in front of hot fire until the + apples are soft--about 1/2 hour. + + +_Apples, Fried_ + + For 4 persons + 2 large apples + Small piece of butter or bacon fat + + Wash apples, remove stems and blossoms, cut across + the core in slices 1/2 inch thick; heat pan, melt + fat in it, put in apple slices, brown on one side, + turn and brown on the other. Or, grease a broiler, + place the slices on it and broil the apples over + hot coals until tender and brown. + + +_Apple Slump_ + + For 4 persons + + Peel and cut in eighths, 4 apples. Put in a kettle + with 1 cup of water, 1/2 cup of sugar, 1/2 cup of + molasses; cover and place on the stove or over a + slow fire. Make a dough as for dumplings (see + rule). Drop the dough onto the hot apples. Cover + tight and cook 20 minutes. Serve with cream, milk + or hard sauce. Blue berries, huckleberries, + peaches, can be used in place of apples, omitting + the molasses and adding a little more sugar. + + +_Dried Fruit_ + + All dried fruit should be thoroughly washed in + cold water, covered with fresh cold water and + allowed to soak all night, stewed slowly over a + low fire or on the back of the stove for an hour. + Add, if necessary, sugar; stew 15 minutes longer + and set away to cool. Do not stew fruit in tin + receptacles; use enamel or agate. + + +_Indian Pudding_ + + For 5 persons + 1/2 cup of Indian meal + 3/4 cup of molasses + 1 teaspoonful of salt + + Mix thoroughly, add to 1 quart of scalded milk, + cook in double boiler 1/2 hour, stir often. Pour + into buttered baking dish; allow to cool. Pour 1 + cup cold water on top of pudding. Do not stir it + in. Bake in a slow oven 3 hours. + + +_Rice Pudding_ + + For 4 persons + + Butter a bowl or deep dish, pan if necessary; put + into it 1 quart of milk, 1 tablespoonful of washed + rice, 1 teaspoonful of salt, 1/2 cup of sugar, + small piece of butter; cover and cook in slow + oven, stirring occasionally, for 3 hours. Remove + cover last 1/2 hour. + + +_Meat, Fish and Meat Substitutes_ + + +_Bacon_ + + Sliced bacon can be broiled by placing it on the + end of a sharp stick held over the fire and turned + over and over; or put into a very hot frying pan. + Be careful that the fat does not catch on fire. If + staying in camp for another meal, save the bacon + drippings and use them for frying potatoes, cakes + or use for shortening. + + +_Beans, Baked_ (The Real Boston Article) + + For 4 persons + 1 large cup of pea beans or navy beans + 1/2 lb. salt pork + 1 scant tablespoonful molasses + 2 teaspoonfuls salt + Pinch of soda + + Wash and pick over the beans, cover with cold + water and soak over night. Place on the stove and + boil very gently for two hours; drain off the + water, put the beans in a deep dish with a cover, + or in a pan; wash the pork and cut the rind side + into small squares or strips. Put in the pot so + the rind is above the beans; add 1 dessertspoonful + of molasses, the salt and soda, cover with hot + water, cover the pot and place in a moderate oven + for 4 or 5 hours. It may be necessary to add more + water during that time, as the beans should be + covered with water for the first 3 hours. For the + last half hour the cover can be removed from the + pot. If baked in an open pan, cook for 3 hours; + keep the beans covered with water for 2 hours and + then brown during the next hour. + + +_Beef, Shriveled_ + + 1 lb. of shaved beef + Small piece of butter + + Heat the fry pan, melt butter in it, tear beef + into small bits, put in pan, stir with fork until + shriveled and very hot. Serve at once. + + +_Cheese and eggs_ + + For 4 persons + 1/2 lb. cheese + 4 eggs + Salt + 1/2 cup of milk + Butter size of an egg + + Melt the butter in the frying pan, add the cheese + which has been sliced thin, stir until the cheese + is melted, adding the milk gradually; add the salt + and the beaten eggs. Cook for 5 minutes. Serve on + toast or crackers. + + +_Codfish, Creamed_ + + Buy boneless cod, in boxes. Cover it with cold + water. Soak over night. In the morning place on + stove and boil 1/2 hour. Pull apart into small + pieces, add cream sauce, and serve. + + +_Scrambled Eggs_ + + Butter size of hickory nut + 1 egg + 1 tablespoonful of cold water + Pinch of salt, dash of pepper + + Heat in frying pan, melt butter in it, break egg + in cup (be sure of its freshness). Add egg to + melted butter, add water, salt, pepper, stir with + fork, holding pan over fire until egg is flakey + but not stiff. + + +_Kidneys and Bacon_ + + Split the kidneys, cut the bacon slices in two, + scrape and sharpen a green wood stick 2 feet long + and 1/2 inch in diameter at the smaller end. Put + onto the stick alternately the pieces of bacon and + kidney, hold over the fire, turning constantly for + 5 minutes. Half a kidney and one piece of bacon + between a split hot roll makes a delicious + sandwich. + + +_Komac Stew_ + + For 4 persons + 4 large tomatoes, or one small can of same + 3 eggs + 2 good-sized onions + Green pepper + Butter size of walnut + Salt, pepper + Bread or crackers + + Heat the frying pan hot, melt butter in it; peel + and slice thin onions and fry them for a few + moments in the hot fat; add the well-washed green + pepper cut fine; fry. Peel the tomatoes, cut in + pieces, add to the onions and pepper, add salt and + dash of pepper; cover, stew slowly 1/2 hour. Add + one by one the eggs, stirring them in well. Serve + at once on toast or crackers. + + +_Macaroni with Cheese and Tomato Sauce_ + + Cook slowly for 2 or 3 hours, keeping covered. + + Drop into 3 quarts boiling salted water 1/2 lb. of + macaroni or spaghetti broken into 4-inch lengths; + stir occasionally with a fork to keep from + sticking. Boil 3/4 of an hour, pour through a + colander, drain off all hot water, pour cold water + over macaroni, while in colander, return it to the + kettle it was cooked in. + + Pour tomato sauce over it and when hot, serve. + Have ready 1/2 lb. cheese grated fine; put it on + top of the macaroni. + + Campbell's tomato soup, to which has been added + chopped onions and a chopped pepper, salt and a + pinch of soda, makes a very good tomato sauce and + can be prepared in a short time or: + + Brown three thinly sliced onions in butter the + size of an egg. + + Add 1 small can of tomatoes + 1 green pepper chopped fine + 1 large spoonful of salt + 2 cloves + Dash of cayenne + Big dash of paprika + + +_Sardines and Tomato Sauce_ + + For 4 persons + + 1 can Campbell's soup heated to boiling point in a + frying pan. Very carefully so as not to break + them, lay sardines from one box in the sauce. When + hot serve on squares of toast or on crackers. A + little dash of red pepper and a bit of salt + improve the taste. + + +_Stew, Irish_ + + For 4 persons + 1 lb. of lamb for stew + 3 onions + 3 carrots + 2 large potatoes + Salt and pepper + Water + + Cut the meat in small pieces, wash it; peel and + slice the onions, scrape the carrots and slice + crosswise; wash, peel and slice potatoes; place + all in the kettle, cover with cold water, add 2 + teaspoonfuls of salt and a dash of pepper; cover + and cook slowly 2 hours; 3 hours is better, but + not necessary. Be sure and cook the stew in a + kettle large enough to allow room for cooking the + dumplings on top of the stew. + + +_Salads_ + + +_Cucumbers_ + + Should be green, dark, firm, not too large around, + but long and slender. Keep in the ice box. When + ready to use, peel with a sharp knife from the + blossom end down to the stem end. The reason for + this is that the stem has in it a bitter flavor + which, if drawn over the cucumber, spoils the + taste. After peeling slice very, very thin, and + cover with iced water, stand in a cold place. Just + before serving, drain off the water and pour a + French dressing over them. + + +_Lettuce_ + + All salads should be picked apart, wilted or + yellow leaves removed, thoroughly washed in cold + water, the water shaken from the leaves, and + placed in a cheese cloth or a knitted bag and laid + on the ice. Salads will keep for several days if + prepared in this way. It is necessary, however, to + look it over every day and take out any leaves + which begin to look wilted or to have yellow + edges. + + +_Tomato Salad_ + + Tomatoes should be peeled with a very sharp knife; + or, when there is time, by pouring boiling water + over them and gently rubbing off skins, and + setting on the ice to cool. Wash and slice not too + thin, serve with dressing. + + +_Sauces and Dressings_ + + +_Cream Sauce_ + + If cream sauce is to be made in small quantities, + the butter should be melted, the flour added, the + two rubbed into a smooth paste, the milk added + slowly while the pan is on the fire. Season with + salt, stir constantly so that no lumps will form. + As it is difficult to make large quantities of + cream sauce in this manner, it may be necessary to + heat the milk in a double boiler and thicken to + the consistency of rich cream with flour and + butter rubbed to a smooth paste. Cook for fifteen + minutes, salt to taste. For 4 or 5 persons use + butter size of an egg, 1 tablespoonful flour, and + 1-1/2 cups milk. Cream sauce is used with carrots, + codfish, potatoes, cabbage, dried beef, etc. + + +_Boiled Salad Dressing_ + + For 8 persons + Mix together: + 2 even teaspoonfuls mustard (dry) + 1 even teaspoonful salt + Butter size of an egg + Yolk 1 egg + + Add: + + 2/3 cup cold milk and bring to a boil stirring + constantly; add 1/4 cup of vinegar into which is + rubbed 1 teaspoonful of corn-starch; boil until + thick and smooth. + + +_French Dressing_ + + Put into a bowl 1 teaspoonful of salt, add 1 + teaspoonful of vinegar, mix well. Add 1/2 + teaspoonful of prepared mustard, a dash of + paprika, dash of pepper and 1/2 cup of olive oil. + Beat thoroughly; if possible, add a small piece + of ice which will make the dressing thick and + smooth. Pour over the salad to be served and serve + at once. + + +_Tomato Sauce_ + + To one No. 10 can of tomatoes, brought to the + boiling point, add three chopped green peppers, + making sure no seeds are used, and seven or eight + large onions sliced thin, both having been browned + with a little fat in a spider. Add salt (scant + tablespoonful) and a scant tablespoonful of sugar, + a pinch of soda to counteract the acid and cook + very slowly for three hours. This sauce can be + used with macaroni, spaghetti or rice, or served + with fish or baked beans as a vegetable, the long + cooking making it thick. + + +_Soups_ + + +_Potato and Onion Soup_ + + Peel and slice thin 1 potato and 1 onion. Put in a + kettle and cover with cold water. Boil for 1/2 + hour. Add milk, salt and a dash of pepper, a + little chopped parsley and green pepper. + + +_Steero Bouillon_ + + One cube of Steero placed in a cup. Fill the cup + with hot water, stir until dissolved, add salt. + Instead of water, the liquid from a can of + tomatoes could be used. + + +_Vegetables_ + + +_Beets._ + + For 3 persons--1 bunch or 5 beets. + + Wash with a brush, cut off the tops leaving at + least 1 inch of stems on the beet. Do not cut the + roots. Drop into boiling water and cook for 1-1/2 + hours. Drain off all water, slip off the skins + which come off very easily. If too hot to handle, + pour cold water over the beets. Slice crosswise, + add butter and salt and serve. Beet tops, if + young, can be used as greens. + + +_Cabbage, Boiled_ + + Remove outer leaves, cut in quarters, shave, not + using the hard center, drop into boiling salted + water, enough to cover the cabbage and boil hard + for one hour. Drain, add a piece of butter and + serve. + + +_Carrots, Creamed_ + + 1 bunch or 5 carrots for 4 or 6 persons. + + New carrots are sold with the tops on. They should + not be withered nor dry. Loose carrots are sold by + the quantity and are less expensive. Cut off the + tops, wash and scrape, cut in slices crosswise, + cook in salted boiling water 1/2 hour. Drain off + the water, pour cream sauce over carrots and + serve. + + +_Corn, Boiled_ + + Husk it, remove all silk, cut off the butt close + to the ear, cook in boiling salted water for about + fifteen minutes, if there is a small quantity; + longer if there is a great deal. + + +_Corn, Roasted_ + + Dip the ear of corn, husk and all, in cold water; + bury in hot coals under a fire, roast for 20 + minutes. + + +_Onions_ + + Peel, boil in salted water two hours, drain, + season, serve. Or slice raw into a buttered dish, + season, add a small quantity of water, cover and + bake three hours. + + +_Peas_ + + 2 quarts for 4 persons + + Shell, drop into boiling water not salted. Boil + for 25 minutes. Fresh peas are very green and have + a sweet taste; the pods are green and tender and + should look full and fat. + + +_Potatoes_ + +_Baked_ + + Wash thoroughly large potatoes; (and if there is a + large quantity, put in a big pan as they are more + easily handled), and bake in a hot oven from one + to one and one-half hours, according to size, and + temperature of the oven. + +_Boiled_ + + In preparing a large quantity of potatoes, it + takes too much time to scrape them, and to peel + them is wasteful. In camp it is far better, if + they are to be served plain boiled, to wash and + scrub them thoroughly, and peel only a narrow + strip around the center. Potatoes should be + covered with boiling, salted water, cooked until + tender, the water drained off, and allowed to + remain in the kettle on the back of the stove for + a few minutes to thoroughly dry out before + serving. Put the largest potatoes into the pot + first. + +_Escalloped_ + + Peel and slice raw; place in layers in a buttered + pan or dish with butter and salt between the + layers. Cover with milk (the dish should be + covered also); place in a slow oven for three + hours; uncover the dish for the last fifteen + minutes of the time. + +_Lyonnaise_ + + Melt a piece of butter the size of an egg in a + frying pan. Add two onions sliced thin and two + good-sized cold potatoes sliced; cover, cook + slowly stirring with a fork occasionally. Serve + when brown. + + +_Spinach_ + + Pick over, reject the leaves that are yellow, + wilted, or very coarse; wash thoroughly in several + waters, drain, cut off the roots; put in a boiler + with just enough water to keep from sticking, + cover tight turning occasionally with a long fork. + Cook for about an hour. When tender drain off all + water, chop with a knife, season and serve. For a + garnish use hard-boiled eggs, sliced. + + +_Squash_ + + Large, yellow squashes should be cut in two, and + the seeds removed. Place in pan and roast in a hot + oven. When tender remove the brown skin that has + been formed on top of the squash, add butter and + salt and place the halves on a platter to serve. + Or the squash can be scooped out of the shell, + seasoned and served from a dish. + + +_String Beans_ + + Buy only those that are crisp and green or crisp + and yellow. The latter are called wax beans. Both + kinds should be young, that is, having only beans + of small size in them. Remove all strings by + taking the stem end in the thumb and fore finger, + break off near the end and take off with it the + string on one side of the bean. Do the same thing + at the other end of the bean. Break the bean once + or twice, according to size, or split the entire + length with a sharp knife. Wash and drop into + boiling salted water. Boil for 1-1/2 hours. + + +_Scalloped Tomato_ + + Butter a dish or pan, put in it alternate layers + of tomatoes and bread cut in dice. The thick part + of a can of tomatoes or sliced raw tomatoes can be + used. Put pieces of butter on top of the bread + crumbs, salt, sprinkle sugar on top, put a layer + of bread crumbs over all, cover, and bake in a hot + oven three-quarters of an hour. Save the tomato + liquid (if canned tomatoes are used) for soup or + sauce. Do not allow it to stay in the tin. + +_Stewed Tomatoes_ + + Add a pinch of soda and simmer for an hour or + more; season with salt, butter and a little sugar. + Bread cut in very small squares can be added to + thicken the tomato. + + +_Tomato and Rice_ + + To one quart can of tomatoes add a teaspoonful of + salt, a teaspoonful of sugar, soda the size of a + pea, and one tablespoonful of raw rice well + washed. Bake for three hours in a deep dish, + stirring occasionally with a fork. Serve as a + vegetable. It is particularly nice with beef. + + + + +MENUS SUITABLE FOR OVERNIGHT HIKES + + +_Breakfast_ + + Fruit + Scrambled Eggs + Toast + Cocoa + + Fruit + Cereal + Bacon + Biscuits + Cocoa + + Fruit + Bacon + Griddle Cakes + Cocoa + + Cereal + Cocoa + Toast + Jam + + +_Lunch_ (To be eaten en route) + + Sandwiches: Peanut Butter Bread and Butter Cheese + Jam or Jelly + + Sweet Chocolate Raisins Fruit + + +_Supper_ + + Komac Stew + Green Corn + Bread and butter + Raisins + Sweet chocolate + + Steero bouillon + Cheese and eggs + Raw tomatoes + Biscuit and jam + + Irish stew with dumplings + Bread and butter + Baked apples + Milk (if obtainable from nearby farm) + + Baked beans (canned) + Brown bread + Berry or Apple slump + Milk + + Lamb kidneys + Bacon + Bread and butter + Apple cake + Cocoa + + Sardines and tomato sauce (Campbell's tomato soup) + Toast + Boiled rice and syrup + + Onion and potato chowder + Uneeda biscuits + Toast, cheese and jam + + Shrivelled beef + Fried potatoes + Biscuit and cocoa + +_Note._--Hikers should drink very little water while hiking. This rule +should be adhered to absolutely. + + + + +XIII + +A DAY IN CAMP + + +The day is clear, the sun casts long shadows as it rises back of the +woods, all is still, when suddenly a long whistle blast is heard +followed by the bugle call, "You can't get 'um up, you can't get 'um up, +you can't get 'um up in the morning," and an immediate babble of voices. +Out of every tent comes tumbling weird looking figures in bathrobes, +pajamas, sweaters and bloomers, tousled heads and half-clad feet. A +line-up on the drill field, and setting-up exercises begin under the +direction of the game counsellor or physical director. Ten minutes of +work and then a mad rush for tents, wash basins, and the wash house, +laughter and joking, dressing and hair brushing, and four whistles +sound. Housekeepers, housekeepers, housekeepers, come! There they go +carrying in the lanterns that have hung on the the lamp posts--trees in +this case--all night. + +Are your tables ready? Get the bread, the butter, the milk, and so on +and so forth. The Director appears, a sign that it is time for morning +colors. The Color Guard, five girls from one tent, all in Scout uniform, +"fall in," the bugler joins them, assembly sounds and everyone but the +housekeepers line up on the field. "Right dress, Front," and the Color +Guard, bearing the flag marches to the flag pole as the Colors are +hoisted and the bugler plays "To Colors." All pledge allegiance to the +flag, sing the Star Spangled Banner. The Guard leaves the field and with +a "Right Face, Forward March," all file in to breakfast. + +There are always announcements to be made, some questions to be asked, +and after the meal is over, or just before classes, is a good time to do +this. + +[Illustration: "SPECIAL DELIVERY." CAMP POST OFFICE.] + +Inspection follows--all too soon for some. Tents must be in order, +grounds around them clean, trash boxes emptied, and each girl in her +tent, the chosen leader of the group, called the Patrol Leader, Court of +Honor, or Orderly, at the door. The Director hears a murmur, "Here she +comes, here she comes"; then all is still. A salute, a thorough look at +grounds around, trash box, basins, cots, a look into a blanket or two +for fear that hurry has caused some mistakes, and sometimes a look into +dress suitcases, for cleanliness, and order must begin on the inside, a +word of commendation, a suggestion for improvement and possibly a +reprimand, follow. + +The bugler announces the time for classes, each group whether far or +near changing from one class to another, until the noon hour brings a +free period to all. + +The signalling class is under the trees back of the mess hall, the First +Aid group in a shady spot on the edge of the woods, the basketry class +near their base of supplies but sitting on the grass in the shade, the +nature lovers in the woods to find new birds and ferns and flowers--and +so it goes. + +During the working hours, the housekeepers have been busy performing all +kinds of necessary camp work. Some Scouts enjoy all of it, others none +of it, but rarely does anyone fail to do her part. Dinner is served, the +Scouts marching in to the mess hall, as they do for all meals, and being +excused when all have finished. Much talking and laughter, but +orderliness and courtesy, with an occasional sigh when something does +not please, or a prolonged "ah" when it does, make the time and all +there is to eat disappear in what seems a short time. + +Dinner is followed by rest hour, always difficult for some temperaments, +but a real necessity in camp. Sometimes it is necessary to discipline in +order to have quiet, or have counsellors on duty near the tents to +insure rest. Whatever can be done to make the Scouts realize the +importance of obeying this rule, should be done. + +Nothing is more looked forward to than the distribution of the mail +unless it is the Canteen. A whistle call and all tent representatives +fairly fly to the post office window, and eagerly listen for the names +of their tent mates. Which group has the most mail--are there any +packages? + +Letter reading, letter writing, reading, mending, laundry work, fill the +time until the afternoon classes begin. + +At five-thirty when the call for supper is sounded the Color Guard "fall +in" and while all Scouts stand in Company formation at attention the +Colors are slowly lowered. The Color Guard is changed every day, each +Guard representing a different tent. + +After supper, canteen is opened. Perhaps a table out of doors is used as +a counter, or one in the mess hall if it does not interfere with +housework. Three or four Scouts assist the counsellor who has charge of +the canteen and all the goodies on sale for that day are arranged in +tempting fashion before the very eyes of the waiting group. + +There are so many things to do after supper that each Scout is given the +privilege of making her own choice, and can join a group for a row, or a +walk, a game of ball or a sing, but all must be back in time for the +camp fire, and goodnight songs, First Call, Taps, and evening +inspection, and last to make sure that all Scouts are safe and happy and +all tents in proper condition, flaps back and sides up when possible. + +This closes one day. Others like it may follow, but as a rule no two +days are alike. Hikes, visitors, storms, comings and goings, all vary +the schedule tremendously, but all are needed to teach us how to camp. + + _Life is sweet, brother, ... There's day and + night, brother, both sweet things; sun, moon, and + stars, all sweet things; there's likewise a wind + on the heath._ + --_Lavengro_ + + + + + +SOME BOOKS ON CAMPS AND CAMPING + + + ATHLETIC GAMES FOR WOMEN, Dudley and Keller. + + BACKWOODS SURGERY AND MEDICINE, Chas. S. Moody, + Outing Publishing Co. + + CAMPING AND OUTING ACTIVITIES, Cheley-Baker; + Games, songs, pageants, plays, water sports, etc., + $1.50. + + CAMP COOKERY, M. Parloa. + + CAMPCRAFT, Warren H. Miller. + + CAMPING AND WOODCRAFT, Vols. I and II, Horace + Kephart, Macmillan Co. + + CAMP KITS AND CAMP LIFE, Charles Stedman Hanks. + + CAMPING OUT, Warren H. Miller, Geo. Doran Co. + + CARAVANING AND CAMPING-OUT, J. Harris Stone, + Herbert Jenkins, Ltd., 12 Arundel Place, London. + + FESTIVALS AND PLAYS, Percival Chubb. + + FOLK SONGS, CHANTEY SONGS AND SINGING GAMES, + Farnsworth and Sharp. + + FOUL PLAY, Charles Reade. + + GAMES AND DANCES, William A. Stecher. + + GAMES FOR THE PLAYGROUND, HOME, SCHOOL AND + GYMNASIUM, Jessie Bancroft + + HARPER'S CAMPING AND SCOUTING, Joseph Adams, + Harper Bros. + + MANUAL FOR ARMY COOKS, Military Pub. Co., 42 + Broadway, New York City. + + ON THE TRAIL, L. Beard, Scribner. + + PRACTICAL HINTS ON CAMPING, Howard Henderson. + + SHELTERS, SHACKS AND SHANTIES, D. C. Beard. + + SUMMER IN A GIRLS' CAMP, Anna Worthington Coale, + Century. + + SWIMMING AND WATERMANSHIP, L. DeB. Handley, + Macmillan Co. + + THE BOOK OF WOODCRAFT, Ernest Thompson-Seton. + + THE BOY'S CAMP BOOK, Edward Cave. + + THE BOYS' CAMP MANUAL, Charles K. Taylor. + + THE CAMP FIRE GIRLS' VACATION BOOK, Camp Fire + Girls, New York City. + + THE FIELD AND FOREST HANDY BOOK, D. C. Beard. + + TOURING AFOOT, Dr. C. P. Fordyce, New York Outing + Pub. Co. + + WILDERNESS HOMES, Oliver Kamp, Outing Pub. Co. + + VACATION CAMPS FOR GIRLS, Jeannette Marks, D. + Appleton Co. + + +ONE-ACT PLAYS (SMALL CAST) + + MISS CIVILIZATION, Richard Harding Davis + + POT O' BROTH, William Butler Yeats + + SOCIAL GAMES AND GROUP DANCES, T. C. Elson and + Blanche Trilling. + + THE MAKER OF DREAMS, Oliphant Doun. + + THE TRAVELING MAN, Lady Gregory. + + THE WORKHOUSE WARD, Lady Gregory. + + +PAGEANTS AND MASQUES. + +THE BIRD MASQUE, Percy MacKaye. + +_For Special References on_: First Aid, Cooking, Nature Study, +Astronomy, Home Nursing and other Scout Activities, see references in +section of Proficiency Tests in "Scouting for Girls," the official +handbook of the Girl Scouts. + +[Illustration: THE VICTORIOUS NINE] + + + + + +GIRL SCOUT PUBLICATIONS + + + SCOUTING FOR GIRLS. Official Handbook of the Girl + Scouts. 572 pages, profuse illustrations. + Bibliography. Khaki cloth cover, flexible, $0.75; + Officers' Edition, board, $1.00. + + CAMPWARD HO! Manual for Girl Scout Camps. 192 + pages. Illustrations. Bibliography, cuts and + diagrams. Cloth, $1.25. + + THE BLUE BOOK OF RULES FOR GIRL SCOUT CAPTAINS. 32 + pages. All official regulations, constitution, + etc., $0.25. + + A TRAINING COURSE FOR GIRL SCOUT CAPTAINS. Outline + approved by National Headquarters. Lectures and + practical lessons. $0.15. + + THE GIRL SCOUT'S HEALTH RECORD. A convenient form + for recording the points needed to cover for badge + of "Health Winner." $0.10. + + GIRL SCOUTS: THEIR HISTORY AND PRACTICE. Pamphlet, + 2 cents. + + GIRL SCOUTS: THEIR WORKS, WAYS AND PLAYS. + Pamphlet, 2 cents. + + YOUR GIRL AND MINE, by Josephine Daskam Bacon. 2 + cents. + + WHY I BELIEVE IN SCOUTING FOR GIRLS, by Mary + Roberts Rinehart. 2 cents. + + THE GIRL SCOUTS. A Training School for Womanhood, + by Kate Douglas Wiggin. 2 cents. + + THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE GIRL SCOUTS, + INCORPORATED. 5 cents. + + THE AMERICAN GIRL. (Formerly The Rally). A + Scouting Magazine for all girls. Monthly. 15 cents + the copy, $1.50 the year. + + +IN PREPARATION + + GIRL SCOUT OFFICERS' MANUAL. For Captains, + Lieutenants, Commissioners and Councillors. + + BRIEF TRAINING COURSE FOR GIRL SCOUT CAPTAINS. 10 + lessons. + + GIRL SCOUT OFFICERS' FIELD BOOK. A notebook with + all necessary material for troop work, including + much Manual information in loose leaf form. + + SENIOR SCOUT PROGRAM. + + BROWNIE OR JUNIOR PROGRAM. + + GIRL SCOUT AWARDS. Requirements for Proficiency + and Class Badges, and all special medals. + + OUTLINES OF LECTURES ON SEX HYGIENE, in + collaboration with the United States Bureau of the + Public Health Service. + + STUDIES IN APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, in + collaboration with the American Museum of Natural + History. + + A GIRL SCOUT BOOK SHELF, in collaboration with the + New York Public Library. + + + + + +GIRL SCOUTS + +INCORPORATED + +National Headquarters + +189 Lexington Ave., New York City + + +The Girl Scouts, a National Organization, is open to any girl who +expresses her desire to join and voluntarily accepts the Promise and the +Laws. The object of the Girl Scouts is to bring to all girls the +opportunity for group experience, outdoor life and to learn through +work, but more through play, to serve their community. + + +OFFICERS, 1920 + + FOUNDER + Mrs. Juliette Low + + HONORARY PRESIDENT + Mrs. Woodrow Wilson + + FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT + Mrs. James J. Storrow + + TREASURER + Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady + + COUNSEL + Douglas Campbell + + PRESIDENT + Mrs. Arthur O. Choate + + SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT + Mrs. Herbert Hoover + + CHAIRMAN, EXECUTIVE BOARD + Mrs. V. Everit Macy + + DIRECTOR + Mrs. Jane Deeter Rippen + + EXECUTIVE BOARD + Mrs. Selden Bacon + Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady + Miss Ellen M. Cassatt + Mrs. Arthur O. Choate + Francis P. Dodge + Miss Emma R. Hall + Mrs. Juliette Low + Mrs. V. Everit Macy + Mrs. William McAdoo + Mrs. Robert G. Mead + Miss Llewellyn Parsons + Mrs. Harold Irving Pratt + Mrs. Theodore H. Price + Mrs. W. N. Rothschild + Mrs. George W. Stevens + Mrs. James J. Storrow + Mrs. Charles Welch + Mrs. Percy H. Williams + + +PERMANENT COMMITTEES + + EDUCATION _Chairman_ Miss Sarah Louise Arnold + _Secretary_ Dr. Louise Stevens Bryant + + PUBLICATION _Chairman_ Mrs. Josephine Daskam Bacon + _Secretary_ Dr. Louise Stevens Bryant + + FIELD _Chairman_ Mrs. Robert G. Mead + _Secretary_ Miss Mary C. Clendenin + + STANDARDS _Chairman_ Miss Llewellyn Parsons + _Secretary_ Miss Mary C. Clendenin + + BUSINESS _Chairman_ Mrs. Percy Williams + _Secretary_ Mr. Sidney Monroe MacDowell + + FINANCE _Chairman_ Mrs. Nicholas F. Brady + + ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON BUSINESS AND FINANCE + _Chairman_ Mr. Frederic W. Allen + + + + +INDEX + + + A + Achievements 125, + chart record for, 126 + A Day in Camp 174ff + American Red Cross 92 + Apple cake 163, + slump, 113 + Apples, fried 163 + Application form 56 + Around the Campfire 137 + "A Slack Rag of Canvas" 18 + + B + Bacon 164 + Basins 67 + Basketry 55 + Bath houses 83 + Bathing place 85 + Bathing suits 82ff + Beans, baked 164 + Bedding 76 + Beds 64ff + Beef, shriveled 165 + Before the Campfire is Lighted 103 + Beets 169 + Beginners in swimming 85 + "Be Prepared", the Signalling Class 125 + "Between Wood and Field" 10 + Biscuit 161 + Blankets 48, 64, 65, 130 + Board rate 62 + Boats and boating 79ff, 83, 102 + Boiled salad dressing 168 + Books on Camps and Camping 178ff + Bread Line, the 58 + Breads 161 + Bryant, Louise Stevens 7 + Builders, the--House Built by Girl Scouts 118 + Buoys 87 + "Business End of Camp Hall" 29 + "By the Shining Big Sea Water" 25 + Byron, Lord 9 + + C + Cabbage 169 + Cabins, of wood, canvas 37 + Camp Budget 58ff + All other 60 + Boats 60 + Canteen 60 + Cartage 60 + Casual labor 60 + Equipment 59 + Motor upkeep 60 + Opening and closing 60 + Printing 60 + Rental or purchase price of land 59 + Salaries 60 + Stamps 60 + Storage 60 + Telephone 60 + Transportation 59 + Wages 60 + Camp canteen 54 + Camp closing 47 + Camp Directors and Counsellors 15ff + Camper, the 22ff + Campfires 121, 131ff; + to build in rain 134 + Camp foods 160 + Camp, for single Scout troop 33 + Camp house, the 28ff + Camp Health and Camp Safety 140ff + Camp implements 69 + Camp Living Room 27 + Camp log 55 + Camp Menus and Recipes 157ff + Camp Post Office 175 + Camp Program 93ff + Camp Records and Accounts 50ff + Camp Regulations 39 + Camp Sanitation 140 + Camp sings 113ff + Camp songs 114ff + Candles 71 + Candy 76 + Canoes 87, 122ff + Canteen 76ff + Canteen record 53 + Carrots 170 + Cereals 161 + Chaucer 51 + Cheese and eggs 165 + Cheese cloth 73 + Cleaning squad 65 + Closing Camp 47 + Clove Hitch 42 + Cocoa 112 + Codfish, creamed 165 + "Colorado, In high and dry" 20 + Cooking utensils, for campers 133 + Corn 170 + Cornmeal 161 + Counsellors, camp 15ff + Crafts and occupations 108 + Cream sauce 168 + Crew for Life Saving Corps 87 + Crib 79ff + Cucumbers 167 + + D + Daily program for Girl Scout camp 97 + Dancing 106ff + Deschutes River Fishing Trip 135ff + Desserts 163ff + Directors, camp 15ff + Dishes, washing 45, + for kitchen 67ff + Disinfectants for latrines, for garbage pits 143 + Dives 100ff + Donations 57 + Double boiler 72 + Dried fruit 163 + Dumplings 162 + + E + Eats 80 + Eggs 165 + Entertainments and diversions 112ff + Equipment for: + boating 79ff + general 64ff + personal 74ff + swimming 79 + waterfront protection 85 + + F + Feeding the Multitude 152 + Field Day Program 55 + Fire extinguishers 42 + Fires, out door 29 + Fireplace 34 + Fire prevention 149 + First Aides: Several Kinds of bandages 131 + First Aid, essential supplies 148 + house 151 + Food, for hiking 129 + Foreword 7 + Flatware for table 68 + Float 83 + Floor Plan for Mess Hall 35 + Floor, tent with 32, + without 20, 33 + Flowers 74 + French dressing 168 + Furnishings 69ff + + G + Games 72, 105ff + Garbage, disposal of 134, + trench for 142ff + General Camp Activities 98ff + General routine from opening to closing camp 40ff + "Girl Scout Hayseeds and the Stack they Made" 139 + Girl Scouts' Laws and Promise 6 + "Good Morrow, Lord Sun" 90 + Goodnight story 88 + Grappling irons 87 + + H + Handbook of Girl Scouts 7, 93, 112, 179, 180 + Handcrafts 108 + Health Certificate 51ff + Health Winner, the, in camp 149ff + Hikes, 127ff; + daytime 127, + week end 128, + overnight 130 + Horseback riding 107 + Housekeeping squad 94 + Housekeeping outdoors 43ff + + I + Ice box 36ff + Identification tag 57 + Implements 69 + Indian pudding 164 + Individual account card 57 + Insurance 49 + + K + Keeping of records 55ff + Kidney and bacon 166 + Kitchen 28ff, 34 + Kitchen furnishings 69ff + Kitchen stove 49 + Komac stew 166 + + + L + Lamps 67 + Land drill 71, 80 + Lanterns 48, 70ff + Latrines, making, care of 145ff + Lavengro 177 + Laws, of Girl Scouts 6 + Laying the fire 86 + Lean-tos 33, 105, 110, 112 + "Lean-to Going Up" 110 + Lettuce 167 + Lice (head) to remove 150 + Life boats 86ff + Life Saving Corps 85 + Red Cross, Women's 85 + Lighting 70ff + Linen 72 + Location 13ff + Log houses 34ff + + M + Macaroni, with cheese and tomato 166 + Making camp on overnight hike 78 + Master of Aquatics 85ff + McClure, Emily 7 + Meats, fish and meat substitutes 164ff + Menus for overnight hike 173 + Mess Hall, tent 23, + floor plan for 35 + Mills, Captain Fred C., 7, 85 + Miscellaneous records 55 + Monarchs of all they Survey 92 + Morale, camp 22ff + Motto, Girl Scout 6 + + N + Nearly Finished 122 + Newspapers 73ff + + O + Oatmeal 162 + Oil heater, Standard 36 + Onions 170 + "Over the Top" 141 + + P + Packages for Scouts 77 + Pack for hiking 129 + Peas 170 + Personality 19 + Personal Equipment 74 + Personnel, of Life Saving Corps 88 + Pests 143 + Petty cash record 53 + Physical examination of Girl Scout 49 + Pillows 48, 67, + cases 72 + Pitching tents 40ff + Planning Committee 11ff + Planning for camp 9ff + Plays, for use in camp 178 + Play, place in program 93 + Potatoes 170ff + Program for housekeeping squad 95 + Program, camp 93ff + Promise, Girl Scout 6 + Provisions, 47ff, + care of 154 + Provisioning 152 + Publications of Girl Scouts 180 + + R + Recipes 161ff + Record of provisions 53ff + Record tag 50 + Red Cross Life Saving Corps 85 + Regulations for Camp 39 + Religious Policy 16ff + Rice pudding 164 + Ring buoys 87 + Row boats 87 + Rowing 75 + Rules for swimming 91 + + S + Salads 167ff + Sardines and tomato sauce 167 + Sauces and dressings 168ff + Scalloped tomatoes 172 + "Scouting for Girls" 7 + Scout Laws 6, 94 + Scout Promise 6, 94 + Scrambled eggs 165 + Scrubbing up Before Meals 48 + Serving table 41 + Setting out for the water hike 84 + Sheets 72 + Shoes, for hiking 128 + Site 14ff + Slab House 33 + Slogan, Girl Scout 6 + Soups 169 + Special Delivery 175 + Spinach 171 + Sports 99 + Squad, housekeeping 94ff + Squash 171 + Stew, Irish 167 + Store closet 36 + Stove 69ff + String beans 171 + Suits, bathing 82 + Sun Clock 94 + Sunday dinner 22 + Supervision of bathing 91ff + Swimmers, equipment for 82ff, 85ff + Swimming crib 69, 79ff, 81 + Swimming strokes 100 + Swimming test 90 + + T + Table manners 46 + Tag for Scouts arriving in camp 38 + Team Work In Potato Paring 44 + "Tent Green" 12 + Tents 28ff + chart for 50ff + conical 12, 30 + floors 16, 32 + mess 28, 58 + pitching 32, 40 + pyramidal 30 + size 30ff + taking down 47 + wall 10, 18, 30ff + without floors 33 + The Morning After 82 + The Town Pump 46 + Toast 162 + Toilet accessories 76 + To Keep the Home Fires Burning 133 + Tomatoes 172ff + salad 168 + sauce 169 + Top of the Morning 100 + Tower, for bathing 86 + Training, life saving 89 + Transportation 12ff + Trash, disposition of 72, 140ff + Twin Lake Council Application Form 56 + + U + "Under the Greenwood Tree" 2 + Underwear 76 + + V + Vegetables 69ff + Victorious Nine 179 + Volley ball 146 + + W + Wall tent 18, 32 + Wash house 37ff + Washing dishes 45 + Water front protection 85ff + Water glasses 87 + Water sports day, program for 104ff + Water supply 144ff + Weighing scales 72 + Well built floors 16 + Women's Life Saving Corps, American Red Cross 101 + Woodcraft 109ff + camp discipline 112 + camp site 111 + trail making 111 + trip planning 111 + Wood cutters 105 + Wilkeson, Catherine 7 + "Wise Virgins" 67 + + + + +THE GIRL SCOUT SHOP + + +[Illustration: Long Coat "The Combination Dress"] + +[Illustration: Shirt Waist and Bloomers] + +[Illustration: Short Coat and Skirt] + + +SCOUT UNIFORMS AND EQUIPMENT + +Operating under National supervision the Girl Scout Supply Department +carries a complete and attractive line of equipment for girls. It is the +purpose of this branch to give the Scout her equipment at lowest +possible cost. Official equipment is sold to members of Registered +Troops on formal presentation by Scout of her voucher signed by her +Captain. + +Price lists will be furnished upon application and money must be sent +with order as the equipment is handled on a strictly cash basis. Owing +to the irregularity of the market these prices will change from time to +time but a revised price list will be printed every two months until the +market is more stable. + +Sizes should be given when ordering uniforms; this applies also to hats +and belts. Find out from jeweler size of ring needed. + + =Girl Scout National Supply Department= + =189 Lexington Avenue= =New York City= + + + + +Special Instructions for Ordering Equipment + + +=Order Blanks= + + These will be furnished you free of charge upon + application and are specially prepared forms which + make ordering easy. Give your full name and + address and if ordering from a local council be + sure to give the name of your council and then + your own name. + + +=Scout Voucher= + + This is a form to be used by the individual Scout + when purchasing equipment. It is the certification + by the Captain that the Scout is entitled to buy + equipment, and no equipment can be sold except on + presentation of this voucher. + + +=How to Obtain Correct Hat Size= + + A size 7 hat measures 21-5/8" in circumference + inside, or the actual distance around the child's + head. For each 3/8" in head size order hat 1/8 + size larger. + + +=Flag Orders= + + It requires at least 10 days after receipt of + order to obtain flag from manufacturer. Be sure to + write plainly the exact lettering you wish. + + +=Prices of Girl Scout Troop Flags= + + =Size= =Material= =Price= + =No. 1 22" x 36"= =Cotton and Wool= =$ 2.50= + =No. 2 2-1/2 x 4 ft.= =Wool= =6.35= + =No. 3 3' x 5'= " =7.35= + =No. 4 4' x 6'= " =9.10= + =No. 5 5' x 8'= " =10.65= + =No. 6 6' x 10'= " =20.00= + + +=LETTERING= + + =No. 1--10c per letter= + =No. 2--13c= " " + =No. 3--15c= " " + =No. 4--16c= " " + =No. 5--20c= " " + =No. 6--25c= " " + + +=STAFFS= + + =Plain--1/2" x 8ft--30c.= + =Jointed 1" x 8 ft--With Eagle for American Flag,= =$4.90= + =Jointed 1" x 8 ft., With Solid Spear for Troop Flag,= =$3.20= + + =Girl Scout National Supply Department= + =189 Lexington Avenue= =New York City= + + + + +[Illustration] + +What Do You Read? + +If You are a Girl Scout You Read--and Need + +=THE AMERICAN GIRL= + +=A Magazine for Girl Scouts and Girls who Love Scouting= + +_=It Contains The Only=_ + + Up-to-date account of Girl Scout doings. You can + read of Scout camps in the North, scout parties in + the South, scout mountain climbing expeditions in + the West, and scout hikes in the East. These are + all described delightfully by the scouts + themselves. + + +_=As For The Stories=_ + + They are carefully selected with an eye to real + fun and excitement. "Regular girls" like "regular + stories." The American Girl remembers that and has + one or more good ones every month. + + +_=And That Isn't All=_ + + Every month there is a page of foreign scout news. + Did you know there were Girl Scouts in + Czechoslovakia? Well there are, and you can read + about them and also about the Girl Scouts in + England, France, Italy and Belgium. + + +_=There Are New Ideas, Too=_ + +That are likely to be just what you are looking for. The Party Page has +a suggestion for a scout entertainment every month. And there are +hundreds of hints to help you with your camping, hiking and other scout +activities. + + + =THE AMERICAN GIRL= + _15 cents single copy; $1.50 per year_ + =189 Lexington Ave.= =New York City= + _=SCOUT FUN=_ -- _=SCOUT NEWS=_ -- _=SCOUT HELPS=_ + + + + +[Illustration] + + +LEFAX + +FACTS ON LEAVES + +(=Loose Leaf=) + +Lefax represents positively the last word in record-keeping. + +Here are found data sheets covering all of the important scientific +branches, as well as sheets of general information. + +Lefax blank forms take care of your own notes and data. They are +reasonable in price and cover every possible field. + +Lefax Monthly Magazine is printed Lefax size and is so arranged that any +article may be instantly removed and incorporated in your records. + +The Lefax page is a convenient size, 6-3/4 x 3-3/4 inches. + +The Lefax Filing Index which appears on all sheets makes systematic +filing easy. All the data sheets are also classified according to the +Dewey-Decimal System. Full particulars will be gladly sent on request. + + =LEFAX, Inc., 9th and Sansom Streets, Philadelphia, Pa.= + SERENO STETSON, Special Girl Scout Representative, + _511 W., 113th Street, New York City_ + +=Note=--The Constitution and By-Laws of the Girl Scouts have been +printed in the Lefax form. Have you seen this booklet? + + + + +=Girl Scout Shoes= + + +We make the accepted GIRL SCOUT SHOE--Broad Toe--Low Heel and Flexible. +This shoe has also been approved by the National Board of the Y.W.C.A. +Write us and we will see that you are supplied. + + PRESTON B. KEITH SHOE CO. + BROCKTON, MASS. + (Campello Station) + + + + + Specialists in Scout Printing + + CLARK & FRITTS, INC. + 229 WEST 28th STREET + NEW YORK CITY + +Printers of the Girl Scouts Handbook, "Scouting for Girls" and the +Official Organ of the Scouts, "The American Girl" + + + + + SIGMUND-EISNER CO. + RED BANK, N. J. + +[Illustration] + + OFFICIAL NATIONAL OUTFITTERS TO GIRL SCOUTS, Inc. + + +TENTS, BLANKETS KITCHENWARE, ETC. + +At present the Girl Scout Shop cannot directly supply general camp +equipment, but a list of firms handling approved forms of tents, sport +goods, clothes, bedding and other furnishings will be sent upon request. + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes: + +Obvious punctuation errors repaired. + +As italic text is indicated by _underscores_, bold text is surrounded by +=equal signs=. + +Page 9, Table of Contents, "182" changed to "183" because page 182 is +blank and the index starts on 183. + +Page 16, word "to" added to text (personal feelings to one) + +Page 18, "in" changed to "is" (but this is unusual) + +Page 33, "n" changed to "in" (given in a later) + +Page 84, "epuipment" changed to "equipment" (approved equipment for +camps) + +Page 107, repeated word "the" removed from text original read (the the +supply is too limited) + +Page 115, "troooping" changed to "trooping" (The Scouts are trooping) + +Page 124, "cilivized" changed to "civilized" (live in a civilized town) + +Page 128, "consellor" changed to "counsellor" (should one counsellor +assume) + +Page 163, "suace" changed to "sauce" (sauce. Blue berries, +huckleberries) + +Page 164, "navvy" changed to "navy" (beans or navy beans) + +Page 168, "suace" changed to "sauce" (Cream sauce is used) + +Page 185, Index, "Scallopped" changed to "Scalloped" (Scalloped +tomatoes) + +Page 186, Index, "Storecloset" changed to "Store closet" (Store closet) + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Campward Ho!, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPWARD HO! *** + +***** This file should be named 33767.txt or 33767.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/7/6/33767/ + +Produced by David Edwards, Emmy and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was +produced from scanned images of public domain material +from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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