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font-variant: small-caps;} +span.smallcaps, span.firstword {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.smaller {font-size: 88%;} +.smallest {font-size: 75%;} + + +/* correction popup */ + +ins.correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + +/* page number */ + +span.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: small; +font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: right; +text-indent: 0;} +span.pagenum.left {left: 2%;text-align: left;} + +/* Transcriber's Note */ + +.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +div.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: .5em 1em 1em;} +p.mynote, div p.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: 1em; text-indent: 0;} +div.mynote a {text-decoration: none;} + +div.endnote {padding: .5em 1em 1em; margin: 1em; border: 3px ridge #A9F; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Erthe Upon Erthe, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Erthe Upon Erthe + +Author: Various + +Editor: Hilda Murray + +Release Date: September 20, 2010 [EBook #33768] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ERTHE UPON ERTHE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Charlene Taylor, JackMcJiggins, +David Garcia and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team +at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> + +<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This text</a> includes characters that +require UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding,including:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +Ȝ ȝ (yogh: very common)<br /> +⁊ (Tironian ampersand)<br /> +ā ē ī ō ū (vowels with macron)</p> + +<p>If any of these characters do not display properly, or the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you +may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure +that your browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode +(UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font.</p> + +<p>The combinations <b>m~</b>, <b>n~</b> and <b>d~</b> represent letters +with a decorative curl. Brackets are in the original.</p> + +<p>The author’s father was James Murray of the Oxford English +Dictionary.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#contents">Contents</a><br /> +<a href = "#page1">Main Text</a><br /> +<a href = "#notes">Notes</a><br /> +<a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a> +</p> +</div> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/halftitle.png" width = "256" height = "34" +alt = "Erthe upon Erthe" title = "Erthe upon Erthe" /> +</p> + +<hr class = "tiny" /> + +<h5>EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY<br /> +<b>Original Series</b>, No. 141<br /> +1911 (reprinted 1964)<br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">Price</span> 30<i>s.</i></h5> + +<hr class = "page" /> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/frontis.jpg" width = "326" height = "522" +alt = "MS page image" /> +</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "smallcaps">British Museum, MS. Harl. 2253.</span> c. +1307. <span class = "smallcaps">fol. <ins class = "correction" title = +"error for 59">57</ins> v.</span> (<i>slightly reduced</i>)</p> + +<p class = "mynote"> +At the time of text preparation (September 2010), a full-color image of +this page (f. 59v) was available online at the <a href = +"http://www.bl.uk/catalogues/illuminatedmanuscripts/ILLUMIN.ASP?Size=mid&IllID=19740">British Library</a>. The words “slightly +reduced” refer to the image size in the printed book.</p> + +<hr class = "page" /> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/eets.png" width = "448" height = "40" +alt = "Early English Text Society." +title = "Early English Text Society." /> +</p> + +<h5>ORIGINAL SERIES.</h5> + +<hr class = "mid" /> + +<h4>THE MIDDLE ENGLISH POEM,</h4> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/title.png" width = "453" height = "70" +alt = "Erthe upon Erthe" title = "Erthe upon Erthe" /> +</p> + +<h4>PRINTED FROM TWENTY-FOUR MANUSCRIPTS,</h4> + +<h5>EDITED, WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND GLOSSARY,</h5> + +<h6>BY</h6> + +<h4>HILDA M. R. MURRAY</h4> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<h5><span class = "smaller"><i>Published for</i><br /> +THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY<br /> +<i>by the</i></span><br /> +OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS<br /> +<span class = "smallest">LONDON NEW YORK +TORONTO</span></h5> + +<hr class = "page" /> + +<h6>FIRST PUBLISHED 1911<br /> +REPRINTED 1964</h6> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<h6><b>Original Series</b>, No. 141<br /> +REPRINTED LITHOGRAPHICALLY IN GREAT BRITAIN<br /> +AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD<br /> +BY VIVIAN RIDLER<br /> +PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</h6> + +<hr class = "page" /> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/dedic.png" width = "223" height = "40" +alt = "To my Father" title = "To my Father" /> +</p> + +<h5>QUEM<br /> + <br /> +QUAMVIS LONGISSIMO INTERVALLO<br /> + <br /> +SEQUI TAMEN CONOR.</h5> + +</div> +<!-- end div titlepage --> + +<hr class = "page" /> + +<div class = "maintext"> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_vii" id = "page_vii">vii</a></span> + +<h2><a name = "contents" id = "contents">CONTENTS</a></h2> + +<table class = "toc" summary = "table of contents"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td class = "right smallest">PAGE</td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#intro">Introduction:</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">The two Versions of the Poem ‘Erthe +upon Erthe’</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_versions">ix</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">Descriptive List of MSS. of the +Poem</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_list">x</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">The <b>A</b> Version</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_a">xiv</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">The <b>B</b> Version</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_b">xvi</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">The Cambridge Text</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_cam">xxv</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">Origin and Growth of the Poem</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_origin">xxix</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">Later Versions of the Poem</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_later">xxxv</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">Literary Interest</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_interest">xxxviii</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2">Editor’s Note</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#intro_note">xli</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#poem_A">The <b>A</b> Version:</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">1.</td> +<td>MS. Harleian 2253</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemA_1">1</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">2.</td> +<td>MS. Harleian 913</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemA_2">1</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#poem_B">The <b>B</b> Version:</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">1.</td> +<td>William Billyng’s MS</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_1">5</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">2.</td> +<td>MS. Thornton</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_2">6</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">3.</td> +<td>MS. Selden supra 53</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_3">7</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">4.</td> +<td>MS. Egerton 1995</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_4">8</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">5.</td> +<td>MS. Harleian 1671</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_5">9</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">6.</td> +<td>MS. Brighton</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_6">10</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">7.</td> +<td>The Stratford-on-Avon Inscription</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_7">11</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">8.</td> +<td>MS. Rawlinson C. 307</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_8">12</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">9.</td> +<td>MS. Harleian 4486</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_9">13</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">10.</td> +<td>MS. Lambeth 853</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_10">14</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">11.</td> +<td>MS. Laud Miscellaneous 23</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_11">16</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">12.</td> +<td>MS. Cotton Titus A. xxvi</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_12">19</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">13.</td> +<td>MS. Rawlinson Poetical 32</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_13">20</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_viii" id = "page_viii">viii</a></span> +14.</td> +<td>MS. Porkington 10</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_14">24</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">15.</td> +<td>MS. Balliol 354</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_15">27</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">16.</td> +<td>MS. Harleian 984</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_16">29</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">17.</td> +<td>The Maitland MS.</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_17">30</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item">18.</td> +<td>John Reidpeth’s MS.</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_18">31</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#poem_cam">The Cambridge Text</a></td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poem_cam">32</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#notes">Notes</a> and +<a href = "#notes_analogues">Analogues</a></td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#notes">35</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#app1">Appendix:</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2"><p><a href = "#app1">I.</a> +‘Erthe’ Poem in Latin, French, and English (Record Office Roll, +Ex<sup>r</sup>. K. R. Proceedings, Bdle. 1, and MS. British Museum +Additional 25478)</p></td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#app1">41</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "inset" colspan = "2"><a href = "#app2">II.</a> +(<b>B</b> Version) additions:</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item"><a href = "#poemB_19">19.</a></td> +<td>MS. Trinity College Cambridge R. 3. 21</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_19">47</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "item"><a href = "#poemB_20">20.</a></td> +<td>MS. Trinity College Cambridge B. 15. 39</td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#poemB_20">48</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class = "header"> +<td colspan = "2"><a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a></td> +<td class = "number"><a href = "#glossary">50</a></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<div class = "intro"> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_ix" id = "page_ix">ix</a></span> + +<h2><a name = "intro" id = "intro">INTRODUCTION</a></h2> + +<h4><a name = "intro_versions" id = "intro_versions"> +The Two Versions of the Poem ‘Erthe upon Erthe’.</a></h4> + +<p><span class = "firstword">The</span> Middle English poem of <i>Erthe +upon Erthe</i> is one which occurs fairly frequently in +fifteenth-century MSS. and even later. It was a favourite theme for +Commonplace Books, and was frequently inserted on the spare leaves at +the beginning or end of a manuscript. From the many texts of the poem +which have survived, and from the fact that portions of it continued to +be inscribed on walls and tombstones up to the beginning of the +nineteenth century, a wide popularity may be deduced. The extant +versions, moreover, point to a knowledge of the poem throughout the +greater part of England, as well as in the south of Scotland. The +grimness of the motive, based on the words <i>Memento homo quod cinis es +et in cinerem reverteris</i>, allies the text both with the earlier +group of poems relating to <i>The Soul and the Body</i>, and with the +more or less contemporary <i>Dance of Death</i>, but whereas the two +latter groups can claim a popularity which extended over western Europe, +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> exists only in Middle English texts, and in one +parallel Latin version.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_1" id = +"tag_intro_1" href = "#note_intro_1">1</a> It is, indeed, difficult to +see how the play upon the word <i>earth</i> on which the poem depends +could have been reproduced with equal success in any language outside +English, and the Latin version is distinctly inferior in this respect. +There would seem, therefore, to be good reason for the assumption that +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> is of English origin, belonging to the same +class of literature as the English versions of the <i>Soul and Body</i> +poems.</p> + +<p>The earliest texts of the poem known to be extant are found in MSS. +Harleian 2253 and 913, both dated about the beginning of the fourteenth +century. The two texts vary greatly in length—MS. +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_x" id = "page_x">x</a></span> +Harl. 2253 consists of four lines as against seven six-lined stanzas in +MS. Harl. 913—and the latter text has the parallel Latin rendering +mentioned above, but they coincide so far as they go, and appear to +represent a thirteenth or fourteenth-century type of the poem, which may +be called the <b>A</b> version.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_2" id += "tag_intro_2" href = "#note_intro_2">2</a></p> + +<p>Another poem of the same kind, which differs considerably from the +<b>A</b> version, but is, in all probability, closely connected with it +in origin, is common in fifteenth-century MSS. I have traced +eighteen texts of this version, dating from the fifteenth to the +seventeenth century, all of which represent or are based upon the same +common type, though individual transcribers appear to have expanded the +theme according to their own taste. Such additions may easily be +distinguished, since they seldom succeed in maintaining either the grim +simplicity, or the fundamental play upon the word <i>earth</i>, which +characterize the genuine portions of the poem. This common +fifteenth-century type may be called the <b>B</b> version.</p> + +<p>Lastly, a single fifteenth-century MS. (Cambridge University Library, +Ii, 4. 9) has preserved a text of the poem in which some attempt +seems to have been made to combine the <b>A</b> with the <b>B</b> +version. This text may be called the <b>C</b> version, or Cambridge +text.</p> + +<p>In the following pages an attempt has been made to justify the +premises in part laid down already, and to show that the <b>A</b> and +<b>B</b> versions may be traced back to a common source, and that this +source was not only confined to England, but was itself English.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_list" id = "intro_list"> +MSS. of the Poem ‘Erthe upon Erthe’.</a></h4> + +<p>The following is a list of the manuscripts in which the poem +occurs:—</p> + +<p>MSS. of the <b>A</b> Version:</p> + +<div class = "list"> + +<p>1. MS. Harl. 2253, fol. 57, v<sup>o</sup>, dated c. 1307. Four +lines inserted between a French poem on the Death of Simon de Montfort, +and an English poem on the Execution of Simon Fraser. Printed by +J. Ritson, <i>Ancient Songs and Ballads from the Reign of +K. Henry II to the Revolution</i>, p. 13 (1790), by +E. Flügel, <i>Anglia</i>, xxvi. 216 (1903), and by +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xi" id = "page_xi">xi</a></span> +W. Heuser, <i>Die Kildare-Gedichte</i> (<i>Bonner Beiträge zur +Anglistik</i>, xiv. 179) (1904). (See the facsimile opposite the +title-page.)</p> + +<p>2. MS. Harl. 913, fol. 62, r<sup>o</sup> (c. 1308-1330). +Seven six-lined English stanzas alternating with seven of the same +purport in Latin. Printed by T. Wright, <i>Reliquiae Antiquae</i>, +ii. 216 (1841), by F. J. Furnivall, <i>Early Eng. Poems and Lives +of Saints</i>, p. 150 (printed for the Philological Society, +Berlin, 1862), and by W. Heuser, <i>ibid.</i>, p. 180.</p> + +</div> + +<p>MSS. of the <b>B</b> Version:</p> + +<div class = "list"> + +<p>1. William Billyng’s MS. (dated 1400-1430). Five four-lined +stanzas, preceded by the figure of a naked body, rudely drawn, having a +mattock in its right hand, and a spade at its feet. At the end of the +poem is a prone figure of a skeleton accompanied by two draped +figures.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_3" id = "tag_intro_3" href = +"#note_intro_3">3</a> Printed by W. Bateman, <i>Billyng’s Five +Wounds of Christ</i>, no. 3 (Manchester, 1814),<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_intro_4" id = "tag_intro_4" href = "#note_intro_4">4</a> +‘from a finely written and illuminated parchment roll, about two and +three-quarter yards in length: it is without date, but by comparing it +with other poetry, it appears to have been written early in the +fifteenth century; the illuminations and ornaments with which it is +decorated correspond to those of missals written about the reign of +Henry V; the style may therefore fix its date between the years 1400 and +1430. The author<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_5" id = "tag_intro_5" +href = "#note_intro_5">5</a> gives his name and mark at the bottom of +the roll.’ Reprinted from Bateman’s text by J. Montgomery, <i>The +Christian Poet</i>, edit. 1 and 2, p. 45 (1827), edit. 3, +p. 58 (1828).</p> + +<p>2. MS. Thornton (Lincoln Cath. Libr.), fol. 279 (c. 1440). Five +stanzas<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_6" id = "tag_intro_6" href = +"#note_intro_6">6</a> without mark of strophic division. Printed by +G. G. Perry, <i>Religious Poems in Prose and Verse</i>, p. 95 +(E.E.T.S., No. xxvi, 1867, reprinted 1889, p. 96), and by +C. Horstmann, <i>Yorkshire Writers (Richard Rolle of Hampole)</i>, +i. 373 (1895).</p> + +<p>3. MS. Selden supra 53, fol. 159, v<sup>o</sup> (c. 1450). +Six stanzas (strophic division indicated in the first two), written in a +different hand on the back of a spare leaf at the end of the +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xii" id = "page_xii">xii</a></span> +MS.; stanza 5 of the usual <b>B</b> version omitted. Quoted by +H. G. Fiedler, <i>Modern Language Review</i> (April 1908), III. +iii. 221. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>4. MS. Egerton 1995, fol. 55, r<sup>o</sup> (William Gregory’s +Commonplace Book, dated c. 1430-1450, cf. J. Gairdner, +<i>Collections of a London Citizen</i>. Camden. Soc. 1876 n.s. xvii). +Seven stanzas without strophic division. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>5. MS. Harl. 1671, fol. 1*, r<sup>o</sup> (fifteenth century). +Seven stanzas written in the left-hand column on the fly-leaf at the +beginning of the MS., which consists of a ‘large Theological Treatise, +imperfect at both ends, which seemeth to have been entituled “The Weye +to Paradys”’.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_7" id = "tag_intro_7" +href = "#note_intro_7">7</a> The upper portion of the leaf contains a +poem in praise of St. Herasmius. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>6. MS. Brighton, fol. 90, v<sup>o</sup> (fifteenth century). +Seven stanzas. Printed by Fiedler, <i>M. L. R.</i> III. iii. 219, +from the last leaf of a MS. formerly seen by him in possession of an +antiquary at Brighton, and containing a Latin treatise on the seven +Sacraments.</p> + +<p>7. Stratford-on-Avon Inscription (after 1450). Seven stanzas, +formerly on the west wall of the nave in the Chapel of the Trinity at +Stratford-on-Avon, cf. R. B. Wheler, <i>Hist. and Antiq. of +Stratford-on-Avon</i>, p. 98: ‘against the west wall of the nave, +upon the south side of the arch was painted the martyrdom of Thomas à +Becket, whilst kneeling at the altar of St. Benedict in Canterbury +Cathedral; below this was represented the figure of an angel (probably +St. Michael) supporting a long scroll, upon which were written the +following rude verses: Erth oute of erthe,’ &c. ‘Beneath were two +men, holding another scroll over a body wrapt in a winding sheet, and +covered with some emblems of mortality with these lines: Whosoo hym be +thowghte,’ &c. (v. Note on p. 36). These paintings were +probably added in the reign of Henry VII, when the Chapel was restored +by Sir Hugh Clopton (died 1496), who built New Place opposite the Chapel +in 1483. They were discovered in 1804 beneath a coating of whitewash, +and were copied and engraved, but have since been more than once +re-coated with whitewash, and all trace of the poem has now disappeared. +Facsimiles, +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xiii" id = "page_xiii">xiii</a></span> +etched and coloured by hand, exist in Thomas Fisher’s <i>Series of +Ancient Allegorical, Historical, and Legendary Paintings in fresco, +discovered on the walls of the Chapel of the Trinity, belonging to the +Gild of the Holy Cross, at Stratford-on-Avon, in Warwickshire, from +drawings made at the time of their discovery</i> (1807). Printed by +R. B. Wheler, <i>ibid.</i> (1806), by Longfellow, <i>Outre-Mer</i> +(<i>Père-La-Chaise</i>, note on p. 67), 1851, and by W. P. +Reeves, <i>Mod. Lang. Notes</i>, IX. iv. 203 (April 1894).</p> + +<p>8. MS. Rawlinson C. 307, fol. 2, r<sup>o</sup> (after 1458). +Eight stanzas, of which three are peculiar to this MS., and are of a +more distinctly Northern dialect than the remainder. The poem is the +only English text in a MS. containing Latin prose and verse. Two Latin +poems in the same hand as <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> refer to the death of +Gilbert Pynchbeck at York in 1458, which would fix the date c. 1460, or +later. The three independent stanzas were printed by Fiedler, +<i>ibid.</i> p. 221.</p> + +<p>9. <a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_8" id = "tag_intro_8" +href = "#note_intro_8">8</a>MS. Harl. 4486, fol. 146, r<sup>o</sup> +(fifteenth century). Eight stanzas added on the last leaf but one of a +copy of <i>Le Livre de Sydrac</i>, immediately after the colophon. The +last two leaves and the cover of the MS. contain various scribblings in +fifteenth-century hands, chiefly of Latin aphorisms and rimes. Folio +147, v<sup>o</sup>, contains the signature of Tho. Baker, who may +possibly have transcribed the English poem. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>10. MS. Lambeth 853, fol. 35 (c. 1430-1450). Twelve stanzas. Printed +by F. J. Furnivall, <i>Hymns to the Virgin and Christ</i>, +p. 88 (E.E.T.S. 1867, No. xxiv, reprinted 1895).</p> + +<p>11. MS. Laud Misc. 23, fol. 111, v<sup>o</sup> (before 1450). Twelve +stanzas, varying very slightly from MS. Lambeth. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>12. MS. Cotton Titus A xxvi, fol. 153, r<sup>o</sup> (fifteenth +century). Six four-lined stanzas, apparently the beginning of a +transcript of MS. Lambeth. Not printed before.</p> + +<p>13. MS. Rawlinson Poetic. 32, v<sup>o</sup> (after 1450). Thirty-two +stanzas, each of four short lines, corresponding to half the normal +stanza; stanzas 17 to 30 are peculiar to this MS. The greater part +printed by Fiedler, <i>ibid.</i> p. 222.</p> + +<p>14. MS. Porkington 10, fol. 79, v<sup>o</sup> (fifteenth century). +Twelve six-lined stanzas, of which stanzas 7 to 11 are peculiar to +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xiv" id = "page_xiv">xiv</a></span> +this MS. Printed by Halliwell, <i>Early Eng. Misc. in Prose and Verse, +selected from an inedited MS. of the 15th cent.</i>, p. 39 (Warton +Club, 1855), and by Fiedler, ibid. p. 225.</p> + +<p>15. MS. Balliol 354, fol. 207, v<sup>o</sup> (Richard Hill’s +Commonplace Book, dated before 1504). Sixteen stanzas, of which stanzas +6 to 14 introduce an independent digression on the Nine Worthies. +Printed by Flügel, <i>Anglia</i>, xxvi. 94 (1903), and by Roman Dyboski, +<i>Songs, Carols, and Other Misc. Poems</i>, p. 90 (E.E.T.S. 1907, +extra ser. ci).</p> + +<p>16. MS. Harl. 984, fol. 72, r<sup>o</sup> (sixteenth century). The +preceding leaf of the MS. has been torn out, leaving only two lines of +what may be assumed to be verse 6, and the whole of verse 7, which occur +with other fragments on the last leaf but one.</p> + +<p>17. The Maitland MS. Pepysian Library, Magd. Coll. Cambr., MS. 2553, +p. 338 (c. 1555-1585). Seven stanzas in the Lowland Scots +dialect, with the ascription ‘quod Marsar’. Thomas Pinkerton published +portions of the MS. in his <i>Ancient Scottish Poems never before in +print . . . from the MS. Collections of Sir Richard +Maitland</i> (London, 1786), but omitted <i>Eird upon Eird</i>. Not +printed before.</p> + +<p>18. The Reidpeth MS. Cambridge Univ. Libr. Ll. 5. 10, fol. 43, +v<sup>o</sup>, copied 1622-1623 ‘a me Joanne Reidpeth’. Seven +stanzas, probably transcribed from the Maitland MS., but concluding +‘quod Dumbar’. Not printed before.</p> + +</div> + +<p>MS. of the <b>C</b> Version:</p> + +<p class = "list"> +The Cambridge Text. Cambr. Univ. Libr. Ii. 4. 9, fol. 67, r<sup>o</sup> +(fifteenth century). Eighty-two lines comprising twenty-two or +twenty-three stanzas. The text is followed by a coloured picture of a +young knight, standing on a hill with a skeleton below. A scroll +proceeding from the knight has the words: <i>Festina tempus et memento +finis</i>, while one proceeding from the skeleton runs: <i>In omni opere +memorare nouissima et in eternum non peccabis</i>. Printed by Heuser, +<i>Kildare-Gedichte</i>, p. 213.</p> + +<h4><a name = "intro_a" id = "intro_a"> +The <b>A</b> Version.</a></h4> + +<p>The <b>A</b> version exists in two forms, one a short popular stanza +of four lines (MS. Harl. 2253), apparently of the nature of a +riddle, the other a longer poem of seven English and seven Latin stanzas +(MS. Harl. 913), each English verse being followed by its +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xv" id = "page_xv">xv</a></span> +Latin equivalent. The metrical form of the Latin verses is one often +used in Latin poems of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, +a six-lined stanza, rimed <i>aaaabb</i>, with the rhythm of the +well-known</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +<i>méum ést propósitúm</i> | <i>ín tabérna móri.</i></p> + +<p>The English verses are also in the form of a six-lined stanza +<i>aaaabb</i>, but the first four lines have the same loose four-stress +rhythm as the lines in MS. Harl. 2253, and the concluding couplet is on +the principle of the septenarius. Both the English and the Latin lines +rime at the caesura as well as at the end of the line, but this is less +uniformly the rule in the English verses. There is close verbal +connexion between the four lines in MS. Harl. 2253, and the opening +lines of the longer poem, as will appear from a comparison of the +two:—</p> + +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 2253.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erþe toc of erþe erþe wyþ woh</p> +<p>erþe oþer erþe to þe erþe droh</p> +<p>erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh</p> +<p>þo heuede erþe of erþe erþe ynoh</p> +</div> + +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 913.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>whan erþ haþ erþ . iwonne wiþ wow</p> +<p>þan erþ mai of erþ . nim hir inow</p> +<p>erþ vp erþ . falliþ fol frow</p> +<p>erþ toward erþ . delful him drow.</p> +<p>of erþ þou were makid . <i>and</i> mon þou art ilich</p> +<p>in on erþ awaked . þe pore <i>and</i> þe riche.</p> +</div> + +<p>The connexion between these two versions might be explained in two +ways. The short version of MS. Harl. 2253 may be the beginning of a +transcript of the longer poem in which the scribe broke off because his +memory failed him, or because he was only acquainted with a popular +version of the opening lines. On the other hand, the short version may +be the older, and the more learned composer of the poem in MS. Harl. 913 +may have been elaborating this and other such riddling stanzas current +at the time. But any attempt to decide between these two possibilities +must necessarily depend upon the conclusion formed as to the relation of +the Latin stanzas in MS. Harl. 913 to their English equivalents, and +this question will be more conveniently discussed in connexion with the +general origin of the <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> poems. As regards the date +of the two MSS., MS. Harl. 2253 is generally ascribed to the beginning +of the fourteenth century, +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xvi" id = "page_xvi">xvi</a></span> +and the Kildare MS. (MS. Harl. 913) is dated c. 1308 by Crofton +Croker, c. 1308 to 1330 by Heuser, while Paul Meyer is of opinion that +it may belong to an earlier period still. The dialect of both poems is +South Midland, probably of the western part of the district. MS. Harl. +2253, which is commonly associated with Leominster, has <i>heuede</i> +(4). MS. Harl. 913 has <i>lutil</i>, <i>schrud</i>, <i>muntid</i>, +<i>heo</i>, <i>mon</i>, <i>lond</i>, and S. Midl. forms of verbs. +We have therefore two types of the <b>A</b> version, standing in close +verbal relation to each other, of much the same date and dialect, and +representing in all probability the kind of <i>Erthe</i> poem current at +the end of the thirteenth century in the South-west Midland +district.</p> + +<h4><a name = "intro_b" id = "intro_b"> +The <b>B</b> Version.</a></h4> + +<p>As will appear from the foregoing account of the MSS., the eighteen +texts of the <b>B</b> version vary considerably in length, many of them +introducing stanzas which do not recur elsewhere. A comparison of +the number and arrangement of the stanzas in each text is given on the +next page, the stanzas being numbered according to the order of their +arrangement in the text to which they belong, and the corresponding +stanzas in the various texts grouped under columns. MSS. Thornton, +Selden, and Egerton have no mark of strophic division, but fall +naturally into mono-rimed stanzas of four lines. All the remaining texts +are arranged in four-lined stanzas with mono-rime,<a class = "tag" name += "tag_intro_9" id = "tag_intro_9" href = "#note_intro_9">9</a> with the +exception of MS. Porkington, which represents an evident expansion of +the original metrical scheme, an additional long line being attached to +each stanza by means of a short bob-line, giving a six-lined stanza, +<i>aaaabb</i>. In MS. Rawl. Poet. each long line is written as two short +lines, so that the usual four-lined stanza appears in this text as two +stanzas, each consisting of four half-lines. This arrangement is +facilitated by the regular internal rime on the word <i>erthe</i>. The +order of the fifteenth-century MSS. of the <b>B</b> version observed in +the table corresponds to that in the foregoing list of MSS., and in the +printed text, and is not always strictly chronological, it being more +convenient for purposes of comparison to group the texts according to +their length. It will be seen that the three late texts (MSS. Harl. 984, +Maitland, and Reidpeth) revert to the normal seven-stanza type, and that +this appears to have been the form of the poem known to the compiler of +the Cambridge text, a comparison of which is added.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xvii" id = "page_xvii">xvii</a></span> + +<p class = "mynote"> +The “Independent Stanzas”, here shown as a separate table, were printed +as the last column of the main table, following “Common Stanzas”.</p> + +<table class = "compare" summary = "see text"> +<tr> +<th class = "null" colspan = "2">Text.</th> +<th colspan = "12">Common Stanzas.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">1.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>Wm. Billyng’s Text</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">2.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Thornton</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">3.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Selden, supra 53</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>6</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">4.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Egerton 1995</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">5.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Harl. 1671</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">6.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Brighton</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">7.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>Stratford Inscription</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">8.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Rawl. C. 307</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">9.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Harl. 4486</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td>8</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">10.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Lambeth 853</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>8</td> +<td>9</td> +<td>11</td> +<td>12</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td>10</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">11.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Laud Misc. 23</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>8</td> +<td>9</td> +<td>11</td> +<td>12</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td>10</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">12.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Cotton Titus A. xxvi</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">13.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Rawl. Poet.</p></td> +<td>1.2.</td> +<td>3.4.</td> +<td>6.5.</td> +<td>7.8.</td> +<td>11.12.</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>31.32.</td> +<td>15.16.</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>9.10.</td> +<td>13.14.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">14.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Porkington 10</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>12</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">15.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Balliol 354</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>15</td> +<td>16</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">16.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Harl. 984<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_intro_10" id = "tag_intro_10" href = +"#note_intro_10">10</a></p></td> +<td>(1)</td> +<td>(2)</td> +<td>(3)</td> +<td>(4)</td> +<td>(5)</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">17.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Maitland</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">18.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Reidpeth</p></td> +<td>1</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>3</td> +<td>4</td> +<td>5</td> +<td>6</td> +<td>7</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "text null" colspan = "2">The Cambridge Text</td> +<td>1</td> +<td>3.8.</td> +<td>2</td> +<td>10</td> +<td>9</td> +<td>11</td> +<td>—</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th class = "null" colspan = "2"> </th> +<th class = "null" colspan = "12"> </th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th class = "null" colspan = "2">Text.</th> +<th colspan = "12">Independent Stanzas.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">8.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Rawl. C. 307</p></td> +<td colspan = "12">stanzas 6. 7. 8. (3)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">13.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Rawl. Poet.</p></td> +<td colspan = "12">17 to 30. (14)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">14.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Porkington 10</p></td> +<td colspan = "12">7 to 11 (5)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">15.</td> +<td class = "text"><p>MS. Balliol 354</p></td> +<td colspan = "12">6 to 14 (9)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "text null" colspan = "2">The Cambridge Text</td> +<td colspan = "12"> +<p>6. 7. 13. 18 resemble <b>A</b> Version.</p> +<p>4. 5. 12. 14 to 17. 19 to 22 independent (11)</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xviii" id = "page_xviii">xviii</a></span> +<p>It will be seen from the table that eleven of these texts have seven +stanzas in common, and that fifteen of them have five in common. Of the +three remaining texts, MS. Harl. 984 has a missing leaf, but would +clearly appear to belong to the seven-stanza type, raising the above +numbers to twelve texts of seven stanzas, and sixteen of five. MS. +Selden again obviously represents the usual seven-stanza type with the +accidental omission of verse 5. MS. Titus has four of the customary five +verses, breaks off to follow the arrangement of the Lambeth MS., and +comes to an end after copying two of the additional verses in the +Lambeth text before reaching the usual fifth verse. Assuming that it +represents a transcription of the Lambeth text, MS. Titus might be +classed with the five-stanza type, or possibly, like MS. Lambeth, with +the seven-stanza type. It may therefore be assumed that all eighteen of +the B texts have five stanzas in common, or are based upon such a common +type, and that thirteen, or possibly fourteen of them, represent a +common type with seven stanzas, six of which are further found in the +Cambridge text. These common stanzas vary very little in the different +MSS. as regards either the actual text or the order of lines and +stanzas, and it seems probable that the normal <b>B</b> version +consisted of seven stanzas, ending with a personal exhortation which has +been omitted, or possibly not yet added, in five of the texts. In four +MSS.—Lambeth, Laud, Rawl. P., and Harl. 4486—an interesting +final stanza, containing a prayer, has been added. Three of these texts, +MSS. Lamb., Laud, and Rawl. P., correspond in three other additional +stanzas, which seems to point to some closer relationship between them, +and two, or more strictly one and a half, of these additional stanzas +are also found in MS. Titus, which appears to be a transcript of the +Lambeth text. The scribe of MS. Titus followed the Lambeth text until he +reached the middle of verse 6, when he apparently wearied of the task, +and broke off with a new couplet of his own, entirely foreign in idea +and metre to the <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> poems:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Lewe thy syne & lyffe in right,</p> +<p>And þan shalt thou lyffe in heuyn as a knyght.</p> +</div> + +<p>The text, as a whole, is badly written with many erasures, and points +to a careless hand.</p> + +<p>The additional stanzas cited in the table as independent contain +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xix" id = "page_xix">xix</a></span> +mere variations on the main theme, and it is highly probable that the +more expanded texts are the later, and represent individual additions to +a popular poem, since they generally fail to maintain the internal rime +on the word <i>erthe</i> which is an evident characteristic of the +genuine verses. In the case of the five MSS. in question, MS. Harl. 4486 +might be taken to represent the original type, and MSS. Lamb., Laud<a +class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_11" id = "tag_intro_11" href = +"#note_intro_11">11</a>, and Titus an expansion of this, while the +author of Rawl. P. was obviously acquainted with the Lambeth text, or +its original, and added to it certain stanzas of his own, leaving out +three of the verses in Lambeth to make room for these. Whether the +eighth stanza which MSS. Harl. 4486, Lamb., Laud, and Rawl. P. have in +common belongs to the original type of the <b>B</b> version, or was +itself a later addition, can scarcely be determined, but as it seems to +be confined to these four texts, the latter view is perhaps the more +probable. It must, however, have been added early, as it occurs already +in MSS. Lamb. and Laud before 1450, and preserves the principle of the +internal rime on <i>erthe</i>. The relative dates of MSS. Lambeth and +Rawl. P. as fixed by Furnivall and Madden (MS. Lamb. 1430-1450, +R. P. after 1450) would bear out this theory of the relationship +between these two texts, and it may further be noted that both have the +same prefatory <i>De terra plasmasti me</i>, otherwise found only in MS. +Harl. 1671, and that both exhibit the same tendency to employ a direct +personal mode of address, and to lengthen out the original text by +superfluous words.</p> + +<p>Cf. for example, MS. Harl. 4486, verse 5 (so MS. Laud, verse +8)—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Why erthe loueth erthe wonder me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erthe for erthe swete wylle or swynke, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p>with MS. Lamb. verse 8—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Whi þat erþe <i>to myche</i> loueþ erþe, wondir me þink,</p> +<p>Or whi þat erþe for <i>superflue</i> erþe <i>to sore</i> sweete wole +or swynk</p> +</div> + +<p>and MS. Rawl. P. verse 11—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Or whi that erthe for the erthe</p> +<p><i>Unresonably</i> swete wol or swynke.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xx" id = "page_xx">xx</a></span> +<p>The exact date of the text in MS. Titus is indeterminate, but, as +stated above, it is evidently based on MS. Lambeth or its original, and +might be ascribed to c. 1450 or later. The text in MS. Harl. 4486 has +been added by some later owner of the MS. on the last leaves of a +fifteenth-century transcript of <i>Le Livre de Sydrac</i>. The +handwriting of <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> is also fifteenth century, but +the exact date again cannot be determined. The text, however, is far +simpler and nearer to the original than that of the other four MSS., and +evidently represents an earlier type than these, though the actual +transcript may be later.</p> + +<p>With the exception of these five MSS., it is not easy to group the +eighteen texts of the <b>B</b> version on any system based upon the +additional stanzas, since these fail to bear out any theory as to closer +relationship between individual MSS., though the connexion of ideas is +often close owing to the similarity of the theme. Thus the nine +additional stanzas in MS. Balliol contain a digression upon the nine +worthies with an interesting reference in verse 12 to the Dance of +Powlis, i.e. the Dance of Death formerly depicted outside St. Paul’s +Cathedral (v. Notes, p. 36). It is in the Cambridge text alone +that the additional stanzas supply an interesting connexion with the +<b>A</b> version, which places this text, unfortunately corrupt and +difficult to decipher, in an important position as a link between +<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>.</p> + +<p>With regard to possible relationships dependent upon variations in +the order or arrangement of the lines in the seven common stanzas, it +may be pointed out that the first verse in MS. Egerton consists of three +lines only, the usual second line being omitted, and that both MS. Harl. +1671 and MS. Porkington omit the same line, though each of these +supplies a new and independent fourth line to fill the gap:—</p> + +<p>(<i>MS. Egerton</i> 1995)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe owte of þe erthe ys wounderly wrought,</p> +<p>Erthe vppon erthe hathe sette hys thought</p> +<p>How erthe a-pon erthe may be hy brought.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>MS. Harl.</i> 1671)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe apon erthe ys waxyne and wrought,</p> +<p>And erthe apon erthe hathe ysette all hys thought</p> +<p>How that erth apon erth hye myght be brought,</p> +<p><i>But how that erth scal to the erth thyngketh he noht</i>.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxi" id = "page_xxi">xxi</a></span> +<p>(<i>MS. Porkington 10</i>)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vppon erthe is woundyrely wrouȝte;</p> +<p>Erthe vppon erthe has set al his þouȝte</p> +<p>How erthe vppon erth to erthe schall be brouȝte;</p> +<p><i>There is none vppon erth has hit in þouȝte.</i></p> +<p class = "deep">Take hede!</p> +<p>Whoso þinkyse on his ende, ful welle schal he spede.</p> +</div> + +<p>It is obvious that these new lines are an afterthought, especially in +the case of MS. Porkington, where the rime-word <i>þouȝte</i> has to be +repeated. Possibly these three texts depend upon a common original in +which the usual second line <i>Erth hath gotyn vppon erth a dygnyte of +noght</i> was lacking, or MS. Egerton may have been the original of the +other two. But MS. Harl. 1671 varies from the other two in the first +line also, using a version which is otherwise confined to the Cambridge +text—</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Erthe apon erthe ys <i>waxyne and</i> wrought—</p> + +<p>and both it and MS. Porkington begin <i>erthe upon erthe</i> like the +later texts, as opposed to the more usual <i>erthe owte of erthe</i>, so +that there is no clear evidence of a closer relationship between these +three texts.</p> + +<p>In verse 4, again, an inversion of the customary order of the second +or third lines is common to MSS. Rawl. C., Porkington, Maitland, +Reidpeth, and the Stratford-on-Avon inscription, but the verse easily +lends itself to transposition of the kind, and in MS. Rawl. C. the usual +first line is also put third, so that the order of lines as compared +with the normal arrangement becomes 2. 3. 1. 4. Beyond the self-evident +fact that the Maitland and Reidpeth MSS. must be grouped together, no +relationship of the MSS. can be deduced from this transposition, though +it may point to a second popular version with inversion of lines 2 and +3.</p> + +<p>One of the most important differences of reading in the common +stanzas occurs in the first line of the poem, where twelve of the +eighteen MSS. read <i>erthe out of erthe</i>, while the remaining six, +as well as the Cambridge text, have <i>erthe upon erthe</i>. Three of +these six are definitely later transcripts: MS. Porkington is obviously +a later modification of the original four-lined stanza, and MSS. +Maitland and Reidpeth belong to the late sixteenth and early seventeenth +centuries respectively; the beginning of MS. Harl. 984 +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxii" id = "page_xxii">xxii</a></span> +is not preserved, and the remaining two texts, MSS. Selden and Harl. +1671, belong to c. 1450, while the Cambridge text, as will be shown +later, cannot be regarded as original. Evidently <i>erthe owt of +erthe</i> was the original reading, but the version <i>erthe upon +erthe</i> was introduced early, and appears to have survived the other. +A similar change occurs in the last line of verse 2, where MS. +Harl. 1671 and the Stratford text substitute <i>erth upon erth</i> for +<i>out of</i>, <i>from</i>, <i>of</i>, of the other texts, and again in +the third line of verse 4 (l. 2 in the texts mentioned above as +transposing these lines) where the same two MSS. read <i>erth upon +erth</i> for the normal <i>erth unto</i> (<i>into</i>, <i>to</i>) +<i>erthe</i>; also in the fourth line of verse 7, where MSS. Harl. 4486, +Lamb., Laud, Maitland, and Reidpeth read <i>upon</i> for <i>owte of</i>. +Now the last two lines of the first verse of the poem invariably use the +phrase <i>erth upon erthe</i>, and it occurs repeatedly throughout the +poem as a synonym for <i>man</i>: e.g. verse 2, line 1; 3, ll. 1, 3; 4, +ll. 1, 2 (or 3); 5, l. 3; 6, ll. 1, 3; 7, l. 1. It +was very natural that the common phrase, and the one best adapted to +serve as a title to the poem, should tend to replace others, but it +seems probable that wherever the substitution occurs it may be taken as +due to a later tradition, and consequently as a proof of non-originality +or comparative lateness in the text in which it is found. A similar +change, and one to be explained in a similar way, is the introduction of +<i>wonderly</i> for <i>wyckydly</i> in the first line of verse 7 on the +analogy of the first line of the poem, which occurs in MSS. Harl. 1671 +and Stratford, and also in the late MSS. Maitland and Reidpeth.</p> + +<p>Other variations of reading are less noteworthy. In the second line +of verse 1, ten MSS., ranging from the early Thornton and Lambeth to the +late Maitland and Reidpeth, read <i>dignite</i>, while the others vary +between <i>nobley</i> (MS. Brighton, cf. the Cambridge text), +<i>nobul þyng</i> (Billyng), <i>worschyp</i> (Selden), and <i>an +abbey</i>, perhaps an error for <i>nobley</i> (Harl. 4486). The +remaining three MSS. omit the line. In the fourth line of verse 2, the +alliterative <i>piteous parting</i> of MSS. Billyng, Egerton, Brighton, +Harl. 4486, Lamb., Laud, Titus, and Rawl. P., is replaced by <i>hard +parting</i> not only in the Stratford text and in the later MSS. +(Porkington, Balliol, Maitland, Reidpeth), but also in MSS. Thornton and +Rawl. C., while other readings are <i>dolful</i> (MS. Selden, cf. +the Cambridge text) and <i>heuy</i> (MS. Harl. 1671). It is +difficult here to decide between <i>piteous</i> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxiii" id = "page_xxiii">xxiii</a></span> +and <i>hard</i>, but the preference should probably rest with the +alliterative phrase. In the fourth line of verse 3, the alliterative +<i>scharpe schowres</i> is evidently the original reading, and it occurs +in all texts except Stratford, Rawl. P., and Balliol.</p> + +<p>In the first line of verse 4, <i>erthe goeth upon erthe as moulde +upon moulde</i> occurs in thirteen texts, and two others (Stratford and +Balliol, cf. also the Cambridge text) keep the rime <i>mould</i> while +altering the line. The other two readings found, <i>colde opon colde</i> +(Rawl. C.), and <i>golde appone golde</i> (Thornton), are obviously +non-original, particularly the latter, which repeats the rime-word +<i>gold</i> in two successive lines.</p> + +<p>Other variations and occasional transpositions of lines occur in +individual MSS., but are unimportant.</p> + +<p>It will thus be seen that the popular traditional version of the poem +tended to become modified, and even corrupt, already in the fifteenth +century, and that such modifications are usually more apparent in the +later texts. It is also evident that individual transcribers felt +themselves at liberty to expand the traditional version, and that many +tried their hand at such variations on the original theme, but the +striking absence of proof of relationship outside the seven stanzas of +the normal version, as well as the frequent unimportant variations found +in the common stanzas, seems to point clearly to the conclusion that the +original was a popular poem of seven, or possibly only five, stanzas, +widely known over England, and that the more simple and naïve of the +seventeen texts extant are also more genuine, and nearer to the +original.</p> + +<p>Many of the texts are accompanied by a short prefatory or concluding +verse in English or Latin. The English verse—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p><i>When lyffe is most loued, and deth is moste hated,</i></p> +<p><i>Then dethe draweth his drawght and makyth man full naked</i></p> +</div> + +<p>occurs as a preface in MSS. Harl. 4486 and 1671, Lambeth, Laud, Rawl. +P., and Egerton, and as a conclusion in Billyng’s text. The Latin +<i>Memento homo quod cinis es et in cinerem reverteris</i> occurs, in +full or in part, in MSS. Harl. 4486, Egerton, Rawl. C., Lambeth, and +Billyng, and <i>De terra plasmasti me</i> in MSS. Harl. 1671, Lambeth, +and Rawl. P. The two stanzas in rime royal on the <i>Procese of +Dethe</i> which immediately precede <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> in the +Porkington MS. are transcribed as a separate poem, and if not separate, +would rather belong to the preceding text, a translation +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxiv" id = "page_xxiv">xxiv</a></span> +of the Latin <i>Visio Philiberti</i> in rime royal, than to <i>Erthe +upon Erthe</i>. The latter poem often accompanies either a <i>Dance of +Death</i> or one of the numerous <i>Soul and Body</i> dialogues, no +doubt because of the similarity of the theme, but it is not necessary to +regard these kindred poems as forming an essential part of each other. +So in the Balliol MS., <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> is preceded by an +eight-lined Latin stanza on the theme <i>vado mori</i>, which is +probably part of a <i>Dance of Death</i>. Here again no basis for a +grouping of the MSS. can be found.</p> + +<p>The two late texts—MSS. Maitland and Reidpeth—represent a +Lowland Scots version of the poem, and are obviously copies of the same +original. Probably the Reidpeth text is a transcription of the Maitland, +but it contains some obvious misreadings of it, as in verse 3, line 3, +<i>bowris</i> (Maitl.), <i>towris</i> (Reidpeth) repeating the +rime-word; 5, l. 20, <i>within</i> (Maitl.), <i>with</i> +(Reidpeth). The Maitland MS., compiled c. 1555-1585, adds the colophon +<i>quod Marsar</i>. The later Reidpeth MS., 1622-1623, concludes with +the words <i>quod Dumbar</i>. Mersar, or Marsar, is mentioned in +Dunbar’s <i>Lament for the Makaris</i>, and is usually identified with a +William Mersar of the household of James IV, mentioned 1500 to 1503. In +any case, if he were a contemporary of Dunbar, he could scarcely be +assigned to a sufficiently early date to account for the widespread +popularity of <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> all over England in 1450, and the +fact that the two MSS. assign the poem to different authors, of whom +Dunbar is manifestly impossible, and Mersar at least improbable, may be +explained as an instance of that readiness of posterity to attach a +known name to a work of unknown origin, of which other examples are not +wanting. It is, however, of interest to find that the poem had made its +way to Scotland by 1550 or thereabouts.</p> + +<p>As regards dialect, the majority of the MSS. of the <b>B</b> version +show traces of Northern dialect, most of them preserving the Nth. plural +in <i>-is</i> in the rimes <i>touris</i>, <i>schowrys</i>, &c. In +verse 3 also the majority of the texts have the Nth. <i>bigged</i> or +<i>biggid</i>, but six (MSS. Billyng, Egerton, Rawl. P., Porkington, +Balliol, and the Stratford text) use the Midl. or Sth. <i>bilded</i> or +<i>billed</i>. In verse 4 the rime requires the form <i>wold</i> rather +than the common Nth. <i>wald</i>, and even the Maitland MS. retains +<i>wold</i> for the sake of the rime, whereas MS. Reidpeth substitutes +<i>wald</i>, sacrificing the rime. +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxv" id = "page_xxv">xxv</a></span> +MSS. Thornton and Rawl. C. show distinct Nth. features, such as the +verb-endings <i>-is</i> (pres. ind. 3 sg.), <i>-and</i> (pres. +part.), <i>-id</i>, <i>-it</i>, <i>-in</i> (past part.), and MS. Rawl. +C. has the Nth. <i>whate gates at þu gase</i> riming with <i>fase</i> +(<i>foes</i>). But few of the MSS. represent pure dialect-forms, and an +investigation of the dialect of the texts is of little assistance +towards determining that of the original poem. Such evidence as exists +points, on the whole, to the North Midland district, and a widespread +popularity in the North, which led to the later knowledge of the poem +across the Border, but the popularity was evidently not confined to the +North, and Southern as well as Northern forms may be traced in both +early and late transcripts.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_cam" id = "intro_cam"> +The Cambridge Text.</a></h4> + +<p>The Cambridge MS., as has been already stated, combines portions of +both the <b>A</b> and the <b>B</b> version with several independent +stanzas. At first sight it might appear to represent a transitional +stage in the development of the <b>B</b> from the <b>A</b> type, but +closer examination shows that this is not the case, and that the text is +merely a later compilation from the two. The writer must have had some +knowledge both of the longer <b>A</b> version represented by MS. Harl. +913, and of the common seven-stanza <b>B</b> type, and seems to have +tried to combine his recollections in one poem, halting between the +four-lined and six-lined stanza, repeating himself here and there, and +adding certain new verses of his own. There is no grouping into stanzas +in the MS., but a division is easily made by the rimes, and these give +mono-rimed stanzas of four lines chiefly, with one of six lines, and +some fragmentary ones of two or three. In one case a stanza has been +broken up and the two couplets inserted at different points +(ll. 9-10, 27-28). As has been shown in the table of MSS. of the +<b>B</b> version, six verses of the <b>B</b> type may be traced, while +four verses show distinct correspondence with <b>A</b>, and eleven are +independent of either. A comparison of the similar lines +follows:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td> +<p>(<i>MS. Cambr.</i> Ii. 4. 9) ll. 1-4.</p> +</td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<p>(<i>MS. Harl.</i> 4486.) <b>B</b> Version.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vpon erthe is waxin & wrought,</p> +<p>Erthe takys on erthe a nobylay of nought;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxvi" id = "page_xxvi">xxvi</a></span> +<p>Now erthe vpon erthe layes all his þought</p> +<p>How erthe vpon erthe sattys all at noght.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">1</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe owte of erthe is wonderly wrowghte,</p> +<p>Erthe of the erthe hathe gete an abbey<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_intro_12" id = "tag_intro_12" href = "#note_intro_12">12</a> of +nawte,</p> +<p>Erthe apon erthe hath sett<i>e</i> al his thowghte</p> +<p>How erthe apon erthe may be hye browte.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 9-10, 27-28.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vpon erth wolde be a kyng,</p> +<p>But howe erth xal to erth thynkyth he no thyng.</p> +<p>When erthe says to erth: ‘My rent þou me bryng,’</p> +<p>Then has erth fro erthe a dolfull p<i>ar</i>tyng.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">2</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe apon erthe be he a kyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Butt how erth schall<i>e</i> to erthe thynketh<i>e</i> he +nothyng<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>When erthe byddeth erthe his rent home bryng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i> owte of erthe haue a pyteous<a class += "tag" name = "tag_intro_13" id = "tag_intro_13" href = +"#note_intro_13">13</a> p<i>ar</i>tyng<i>e</i>.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 5-8.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vpon erth has hallys & towr<i>is</i>;</p> +<p>Erthe says to erth: ‘This is alle owr<i>is</i>.’</p> +<p>But q<i>ua</i>n erth vpon erth has byg<i>g</i>yd his +bowr<i>is</i></p> +<p>Than xal erth for the erth haue scharpe schowr<i>is</i>.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">3</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe apon erthe wynneth castell<i>es</i> & towres.</p> +<p>Then seyth<i>e</i> erthe to erthe: ‘These byth<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> +owres.’</p> +<p>When erthe apon erthe hath bygged<i>e</i> vp his bowres</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erthe for the erthe suffre scharpe schowres.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cf. l. 66.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>If erth haue mys don, he getyth scharpe sho<i>u</i>rs.</p> +</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 33-35.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe wrotys in erth as molys don in molde,</p> +<p>Erthe vpon erth glydys as golde,</p> +<p>As erthe leve in erthe eu<i>e</i>r mor<i>e</i> schulde.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">4</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe gothe apon erthe as molde apon molde.</p> +<p>So goeth erthe apon erthe all<i>e</i> gleteryng<i>e</i> in golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe into erthe neu<i>er</i> go scholde,</p> +<p>And ȝet schall<i>e</i> erthe into erthe rather then be wolde.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 29-32.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>How erthe louys erth wondyr me thynke,</p> +<p>How erthe for erth wyll swete and swynke.</p> +<p>When erth is in <i>e</i>rthe broght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in the +brynke</p> +<p>What as herth than of erthe but a fowle sty<i>n</i>ke.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">5</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Why erthe loueth<i>e</i> erthe wonder me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erthe for erthe swete wyll<i>e</i> or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor whan erthe apon erthe is browte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>yn þe +brynke,</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erthe of the erthe haue a fowle stynke.</p> +</td> +</tr> + + +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxvii" id = "page_xxvii">xxvii</a></span> +ll. 36-37.</td> +<td></td><td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vpon erth mynd eu<i>er</i> more þou make</p> +<p>How erthe xal to erth when deth wyll hy<i>m</i> take.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">6</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Loo erthe apon erthe consyder<i>e</i> thow may</p> +<p>How erthe co<i>m</i>myth to erthe naked all way.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan = "2"> +<p>(<i>MS. Harl.</i> 913) <b>A</b> Version.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 19-22.</td> +<td colspan = "2">v. 5, ll. 1, 2, 5, 6.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erth vpon erthe gos in the weye,</p> +<p>Prykys and prankys on a palfreye;</p> +<p>When erth has gotyn erth alle that he maye,</p> +<p>He schal haue but seven fote at his last daye.</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erþ is a palfrei to king a<i>nd</i> to quene,</p> +<p>Erþ is ar la<i>n</i>g wei, þouw we lutil wene.</p> +<p>Whan erþ haþ erþ wiþ st<i>r</i>einþ þus geten,</p> +<p>Alast he haþ is leinþ miseislich i-meten.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 41-46, 23-26.</td> +<td colspan = "2">v. 2.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Ffor erth gos in erth walkand in vede,</p> +<p>And erthe rydys on erth on a fayr stede,</p> +<p>When he was goty<i>n</i> in erth erth to his mede,</p> +<p>Than is erth layde in erthe wormys to fede.</p> +<p>Whylke are the wormys the flesch brede?</p> +<p>God wote the wormys for to ryght rede.</p> +<p>Than xal not be lyky<i>n</i>g vnto hy<i>m</i></p> +<p>Bu[t] an olde sely cloth to wynde erthe in,</p> +<p>When erthe is in erth for wormys wyn,</p> +<p>The rof of his hows xal ly on his chyn.</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erþ geþ on erþ wrikkend in weden,</p> +<p>Erþ toward erþ wormes to feden;</p> +<p>Erþ b<i>er</i>riþ to erþ al is lif deden;</p> +<p>When erþ is i<i>n</i> erþe, heo muntid þi meden.</p> +<p>When erþ is i<i>n</i> erþe, þe rof is on þe chynne;</p> +<p>Þan schullen an hu<i>n</i>dred wormes wroten on þe skin.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ll. 63-64.</td> +<td colspan = "2">v. 6, ll. 5-6.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe bygyth hallys & erth bygith towres,</p> +<p>When erth is layd in erth, blayke is his bo<i>ur</i>s;</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erþ bilt castles, a<i>nd</i> erþe bilt toures;</p> +<p>Whan erþ is on erþe, blak beþ þe boures.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>l. 38.</td> +<td colspan = "2">v. 6, l. 3.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Be war<i>e</i>, erth, for erthe, for sake of thi sowle.</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erþ uppon erþ be þi soule hold.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxviii" id = "page_xxviii">xxviii</a></span> +<p>The additional verses in MS. Cambr. bear some slight resemblance to +other additional lines found in MSS. of the <b>B</b> type, and this is +interesting as showing that the writer worked on the same lines in +expanding his text, and was perhaps acquainted with some of the longer +<b>B</b> texts. On the other hand characteristic differences in the +treatment of the theme would seem to support the view that these verses +are really individual additions and not derived from any of the other +texts. The lines in question are given below:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td width = "50%"><i>MS. Cambr.</i> ll. 71-82.</td> +<td width = "50%"><i>MS. Rawl. C.</i> v. 8.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>God walkyd in erth as longe as he wolde,</p> +<p>He had not in this erth but hong<i>er</i> & colde,</p> +<p>And in this erth also his body was solde,</p> +<p>Her<i>e</i> in this erth, whan þ<i>a</i>t he was xxx<sup>t</sup>i +ȝer<i>e</i> olde.</p> +</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Now he þ<i>a</i>t erthe opon erthe ordande to go</p> +<p>Graunt þ<i>a</i>t erthe vpon erthe may govern hym so,</p> +<p>Þat when erthe vnto erthe shall<i>e</i> be taken to,</p> +<p>Þat þe saule of þis erthe suffre no wo.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse" rowspan = "2"> +<p>God lytyd in erth, blyssed be that stou<i>n</i>de!</p> +<p>He sauyd hijs herth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many a scharpe wounde,</p> +<p>Ffor to sawe erth owght of hell grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>He deyd in erth vpon þe rode w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many a blody +vou<i>n</i>de.</p> +</td> +<td><i>MS. Rawl. P.</i> vv. 31, 32.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Lord God that erthe tokist in erthe,</p> +<p>And suffredist paynes ful stille,</p> +<p>Late neuer erthe for the erthe</p> +<p>In dedly synne ne spille.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>And God ros ovght of the est this erth for to spede,</p> +<p>And went into hell as was gret nede,</p> +<p>And toke erth from sorowe þ<i>i</i>s erth for to spede,</p> +<p>The ryght wey to heuen blys I<i>esus</i> Cryst vs lede!</p> +</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>But that erthe in this erthe</p> +<p>Be doynge euer thi wille,</p> +<p>So that erthe for the erthe</p> +<p>Stye up to thi holi hille.<br /> +(Cf. Harl. 4486, v. 8; Lamb. v. 12; Laud v. 12).</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>It is therefore evident that the Cambridge text shows knowledge of +both the <b>A</b> and the <b>B</b> versions, but the text in its +existing form must represent either a corrupt copy of the original with +frequent dislocation of lines, or, what is perhaps more likely from the +instances of repetition of the same words or ideas which occur, +a clumsy compilation from the two made by some one who perhaps had +<b>B</b> before him and remembered portions of <b>A</b> imperfectly. +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxix" id = "page_xxix">xxix</a></span> +Such repetitions occur in verses 2 and 18, the latter repeating three of +the rime-words of the former verse, as well as the phrase <i>scharpe +schowris</i>; and again in verses 4 and 19, and in verses 6, 7, and 13. +In any case the text must be regarded as later than the <b>A</b> and +<b>B</b> versions, and not as forming a link between them. The dialect +is Northern, but not uniformly so.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_origin" id = "intro_origin"> +Origin and Growth of the Poem.</a></h4> + +<p>The question as to the source of the poem <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, +and the relationship of the <b>A</b> and <b>B</b> versions to the +original, and to each other, is a difficult one. The existence of a +parallel Latin version in one of the oldest MSS. is clearly an important +point to be taken into consideration in any attempt at an investigation +of the origin of the poem, and it will be well before proceeding further +to form some conclusion as to the relation in which the English and +Latin stanzas in MS. Harl. 913 stand to each other. The correspondence +of the two versions is not strictly verbal, but it is evident that +either the English or the Latin stanzas represent a rather free +rendering of the verses which accompany them. In favour of a Latin +origin it may be pointed out that the metrical form of the Latin stanzas +is one frequently employed in Latin poems of the time, that the subject +is a favourite monastic theme, and that the manner of the poem is in +keeping with contemporary Anglo-Latin compositions, such as the +well-known <i>Cur mundus militat sub vana gloria</i>. The natural +tendency would be to attribute a poem of the kind to Latin origin, +especially if, as in this case, a Latin version were +forthcoming.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, it may be pointed out that the Latin text is not +known to exist in any other MS., and appears indeed to have no separate +existence from the English stanzas which accompany it, whereas English +texts of the poem without trace of a Latin rendering or original are +very common.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_14" id = "tag_intro_14" +href = "#note_intro_14">14</a> The text was one frequently used in +epitaphs, but no Latin epitaph of the kind is known to have existed, +although Latin was commonly used in epitaphs at the time when the poem +was most widely popular.</p> + +<p>Further, word-plays of the kind found here upon the word <i>erthe</i> +are certainly not common in Latin verse of the time, and the Latin +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxx" id = "page_xxx">xxx</a></span> +text does not render the play as effectively as the English does, +employing alternately the three terms <i>terra</i>, <i>vesta</i>, +<i>humus</i>, in place of the English <i>erthe</i>, and failing to +maintain these consistently. The play on the word <i>earth</i>, which is +the most essential feature of the poem, could not have been given with +the same effect as in English either in Latin or in any mediaeval +language.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_15" id = "tag_intro_15" href += "#note_intro_15">15</a></p> + +<p>Thirdly, in support of an English origin it may be urged that close +verbal connexion can be traced between the English text of both +versions, but more especially of the earlier (<b>A</b>), and other poems +dating from the twelfth to the fifteenth century, particularly the +various Dialogues of <i>The Soul and the Body</i>:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td> +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 913, l. 17 (<b>A</b>).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +When erþ is in erþe, þe rof is on þe chynne.</p> + +<p><i>MS. Cambr. Univ. Libr.</i> Ii. 4. 9, l. 25 (<b>C</b>)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When erthe is in erth for wormys wyn,</p> +<p>Þe rof of his hows xal ly on his chyn.</p> +</div> + +</td> +<td> + +<p>Cf. <i>Dialogues of Soul and Body</i>, (<i>Worcester fragment</i>) +12th cent.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘nu þu havest neowe hus inne beþrungen, lowe beoþ helewes.</p> +<p>Þin rof liþ on þine breoste, ful . . . colde is þe ibedded.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>Bodl. Fragm.</i>) 12th cent.</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Þe rof bið ibyld þire broste ful neh.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<p>(<i>MS. Auchinleck</i>) 13th cent.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Wiþ wormes is now ytaken þin in,</p> +<p>Þi bour is bilt wel cold in clay,</p> +<p>Þe rof <i>shal take to</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_16" id = +"tag_intro_16" href = "#note_intro_16">16</a> þi chin.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>MS. Harl.</i> 2253) 14th cent.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When þe flor is at þy rug,</p> +<p>Þe rof ys at þy neose.</p> +</div> + +<p>Cf. <i>Death</i> 152 (13th cent.) in Morris, <i>O. E. Misc.</i>, +p. 168 (<i>Jesus MS.</i>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Þi bur is sone ibuld</p> +<p class = "indent">Þat þu schalt wunyen inne,</p> +<p>Þe rof <i>& þe virste</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_17" +id = "tag_intro_17" href = "#note_intro_17">17</a></p> +<p class = "indent">Schal ligge on þine chynne.</p> +<p>Nu þe schulen wurmes</p> +<p class = "indent">Wunyen wiþinne.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxi" id = "page_xxxi">xxxi</a></span> + +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 913, l. 66 (<b>A</b>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erþ bilt castles, & erþe bilt toures;</p> +<p>Whan erþ is on erþe, blak beþ þe boures.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 4486 (<b>B</b>); <i>so other</i> <b>B</b> +<i>texts</i>.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe apon erthe wynneth<i>e</i> castelles & towres.</p> +<p>Then seythe erthe to erthe: ‘These byth<i>e</i> alle owres’.</p> +<p>When erthe apon erthe hath byggede vp his bowres,</p> +<p>Then schalle erthe for the erthe suffre scharpe schowres.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>MS. Cambr.</i> 63 (<b>C</b>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe bygyth hallys & erth bygith towres,</p> +<p>When erþ is layd in erth, blayke is his bours;</p> +</div> + +<p><i>ibid.</i> 5-8</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Erthe vpon erthe has hallys & towris <i>&c.</i></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Cf. <i>Soul & Body Dialogues</i> (<i>MSS. Auchinleck, Digby, +Vernon, Laud</i>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Whare be þine castels & þine tours,</p> +<p>Þine chaumbres & þine heiȝe halle,</p> +<p class = "center">.   .   .   .   .</p> +<p>Wrecche, ful derk it is þi bour</p> +<p>To morn þou schalt þerin falle.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>ibid.</i>)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Halles heiȝe & bours briȝt</p> +<p>Y hadde y bilt & mirþes mo.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>MS. Harl.</i> 2253).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +thi castles & thy toures.</p> + +<p>Cf. <i>Death</i> 29.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Ah seoþþen mony mon</p> +<p class = "indent">By-yet bures & halle,</p> +<p>Forþi þe wrecche soule</p> +<p class = "indent">Schal into pyne falle.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 913. 42 (<b>A</b>).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Be þou þre niȝt in a þrouȝ, þi frendschip is ilor.<a class = "tag" name += "tag_intro_18" id = "tag_intro_18" href = "#note_intro_18">18</a></p> + +</td> +<td> + +<p>Cf. <i>Visio Philiberti</i> (<i>MS. Porkington</i>).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +When þou art dede þi frenschype is aslepe.</p> + +<p>Cf. <i>Soul & Body</i> (<i>MS. Auchinleck</i>).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +that alle þine frend beon fro þe fledde.</p> + +<p>Cf. <i>Death</i> 97.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Hwer beoð alle þine freond</p> +<p class = "indent">Þet fayre þe bi-hehte</p> +<p>And fayre þe igretten</p> +<p class = "indent">Bi weyes and bi strete.</p> +<p>Nu heo walleþ wrecche</p> +<p class = "indent">Alle þe forlete</p> +<p>Nolde heo non herestonkes<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_19" id = +"tag_intro_19" href = "#note_intro_19">19</a></p> +<p class = "indent">Nu þe imete.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxii" id = "page_xxxii">xxxii</a></span> +<p><i>MS. Cambr.</i> l. 21 (<b>C</b>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When erth has gotyn erthe alle that he maye</p> +<p>He schal haue but seven fote at his laste daye.</p> +</div> +</td> +<td> +<p>Cf. <i>Soul & Body</i> (<i>MSS. Auchinl.</i>, <i>Digby</i>).</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Now schaltow haue at al þi siþe</p> +<p>Bot seuen fet, vnneþe þat.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The play upon the word <i>earth</i> recurs in other English poems. +Cf. <i>A Song on the Times</i> (MS. Harl. 913), early +fourteenth century—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_20" id = "tag_intro_20" href = +"#note_intro_20">20</a> Whan erthe hath erthe i-gette</p> +<p class = "indent">And of erthe so hath i-nouȝ,</p> +<p>When he is therin i-stekke,</p> +<p class = "indent">Wo is him that was in wouȝ.</p> +</div> + +<p>where the idea and the two rime-words are the same as in <i>MS. +Harl.</i> 2253—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erþe toe of erþe erþe wyþ woh,</p> +<p>Erþe oþer erþe to þe erþe droh,</p> +<p>Erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh,</p> +<p>Þo heuede erþe of erþe erþe ynoh.</p> +</div> + +<p>It will be remembered that these two MSS. (Harl. 913 and 2253) are +the two which preserve texts of the <b>A</b> version, and the opening +lines of the <i>Song on the Times</i> would appear to give further proof +of a connexion between the two <b>A</b> texts.</p> + +<p>Further, in <i>MS. Lansdowne</i> 762 (v. <i>Reliquiae Antiquae</i> I. +260), under the heading <i>Terram terra tegat</i>, occur these +lines:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>First to the erthe I bequethe his parte,</p> +<p>My wretched careyn is but fowle claye,</p> +<p>Like than to like, erthe in erthe to laye;</p> +<p>Sith it is, according by it I wolle abide,</p> +<p>As for the first parte of my wille, that erthe erthe hide.</p> +</div> + +<p>In this case the English words are evidently based upon the Latin +phrase, but this does not disprove an English origin for the poem +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, since any verses of the kind must ultimately +have been based on the idea that man is dust, and the idea itself must +have been first presented and have become widely known through such +Latin elegiac phrases as <i>Memento homo quod cinis es et in cinerem +reverteris</i>, or <i>De terra plasmasti me</i>, both of which so +frequently accompany <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, or as the above cited +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxiii" id = "page_xxxiii">xxxiii</a></span> +<i>Terram terra tegat</i>. The verse in <i>MS. Lansdowne</i> might +rather be considered as supplying further proof of the popular tendency +to replace such phrases by English verses, expressing the same idea, but +themselves English, not Latin in origin, and making the most of the +possible word-play. Such word-plays were evidently popular between the +thirteenth and fifteenth centuries. Cf. the well-known passage in +<i>Piers Plowman</i>, c. xxi. 389.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>So lyf shal lyf lete ther lyf hath lyf anyented,</p> +<p>So that lyf quyte lyf, the olde lawe hit asketh.</p> +<p><i>Ergo</i>, soule shal soule quyte and synne to synne wende.</p> +</div> + +<p>In view of this evidence, I am inclined to think that the Latin +version in MS. Harl. 913 is the translation, and the English the +original, and that the oldest form of <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> which has +been preserved is that found in the four lines in MS. Harl. +2253:—</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Erþe toc of erþe erþe wyþ woh &c.</p> + +<p>Short riddling stanzas of the kind, based upon the Latin phrases +mentioned above, may have been popular in the thirteenth century, and +this particular one was evidently known and used by the author of the +<i>Song on the Times</i>.<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_21" id = +"tag_intro_21" href = "#note_intro_21">21</a> The writer of the version +preserved in MS. Harl. 913 seems to have been a more learned man, +acquainted with poems like the Dialogues between <i>the Soul and the +Body</i>, who elaborated the four lines of MS. Harl. 2253, and perhaps +other verses of the same kind, into a poem of seven six-lined stanzas, +the additional couplet often introducing a new idea precisely as in the +case of the similarly expanded verse-form in MS. Porkington. Either this +man or a later transcriber appears to have added the Latin rendering +which accompanies the poem, and to have further exercised himself in +varying the word-play. Heuser<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_22" id = +"tag_intro_22" href = "#note_intro_22">22</a> points out that the +mistakes in the MS. would support the view that the English text is a +copy of an original in another dialect, and it is possible that the +Latin version belongs to this MS. alone, since a second poem in the same +MS. is accompanied by an unfinished translation into Latin.</p> + +<p>This theory as to the origin of the two texts of the <b>A</b> version +receives further support from the fact that it also accounts most +satisfactorily for the development and popularity of the <b>B</b> +version. Apart from the play on the word <i>erthe</i> and the similarity +of the +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxiv" id = "page_xxxiv">xxxiv</a></span> +theme, there is only one point of close verbal connexion between the two +versions. In MS. Harl. 913 (A) the sixth stanza runs as +follows:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p class = "indent">Erþ gette on erþ gersom & gold,</p> +<p class = "indent">Erþ is þi moder, in erþ is þi mold.</p> +<p class = "indent">Erþ uppon erþ be þi soule hold;</p> +<p class = "indent">Er erþe go to erþe, bild þi long bold.</p> +<p>Erþ bilt castles, and erþe bilt toures;</p> +<p>Whan erþ is on erþe, blak beþ þe boures.</p> +</div> + +<p>In the <b>B</b> version, the rimes <i>gold</i> : <i>mold</i>, +<i>toures</i> : <i>boures</i>, regularly recur in the third and fourth +stanzas, and line 5 of the <b>A</b> text is preserved in slightly +modified form in the first line of verse 3:— (MS. Harl. 4486, +vv. 3 and 4)</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe apon erthe wynnethe castelles and towres.</p> +<p>Then seythe erthe to erthe: ‘These bythe alle owres.’</p> +<p>When erthe apon erthe hath byggede vp his bowres,</p> +<p>Then schalle erthe for the erthe suffre scharpe schowres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +Erthe gothe apon erthe as molde apon molde.</p> +<p>So goethe erthe apon erthe alle gleterynge in golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe unto erthe neuer go scholde,</p> +<p>And ȝet schalle erthe into erthe rather then he wolde.</p> +</div> + +<p>In the Cambridge text the rime-words <i>towres</i> : <i>bours</i> are +introduced twice over, representing both the versions given +above:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td>(ll. 63, 64)</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe bygyth hallys & erthe bygith towres,</p> +<p>When erth is layd in erth, blayke is his bours;</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>as in the <i>A</i> version;</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td>(ll. 5, 7)</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Erthe vpon erth has hallys & towris . . .</p> +<p>But quan erth vpon erth has bygyd his bowres,</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>as in the <b>B</b> version.</p> + +<p>The two stanzas of the <b>B</b> version which contain these +rime-words are the two which recur most frequently on tombstones and +mural inscriptions, and it seems possible that they represent a second +early form of the <i>Erthe</i> poems. It is evident that the rime-words +<i>gold</i> : <i>mold</i>, <i>bowres</i> : <i>towres</i>, depend upon an +early tradition. Probably verses similar to the short stanza in MS. +Harl. 2253, and containing these words, were in existence before the +learned writer of the longer <b>A</b> text in MS. Harl. 913 introduced +them in his poem, and, becoming widely known, formed the nucleus of the +<b>B</b> version. Both the <b>A</b> and the <b>B</b> versions might +therefore be held to depend upon popular stanzas of this kind, +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxv" id = "page_xxxv">xxxv</a></span> +which gave rise about the end of the thirteenth century to the long poem +of MS. Harl. 913, and during the fourteenth century to the original of +the <b>B</b> version, a poem in seven four-lined stanzas. The +earlier version is connected more particularly with the Southwest +Midland district; the later seems to have originated rather in the North +or North Midlands, but it soon became known all over England, and is +found in the South of Scotland shortly after 1500. Only one +fifteenth-century writer, the author of the Cambridge text, shows direct +knowledge of the <b>A</b> text, but the <b>B</b> version was evidently +widely known, and a favourite theme for additions and modifications. On +tombstones and mural inscriptions it survived up to the nineteenth +century.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_later" id = "intro_later"> +Later Versions of the Poem.</a></h4> + +<p>As has been already pointed out, the Middle English texts of <i>Erthe +upon Erthe</i> occur for the most part in the Commonplace Books of the +day, often on the spare leaves at the beginning or end of the MS., as if +the collector or some later owner had been struck by the poem and +anxious to preserve it. That this interest was not confined to the +fifteenth century is shown by the occurrence of the text in the Maitland +and Reidpeth MSS. A still later instance of it occurs in the +Pillerton Hersey Registers, dating from 1559 onwards, where the +following verse has been scribbled on the last leaf, probably by some +seventeenth-century clerk (cf. C. C. Stopes, <i>Athenaeum</i>, +Sept. 19, 1908):—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth upon earth bould house and bowrs,</p> +<p>Earth upon earth sayes all is ours.</p> +<p>Earth upon earth when all is wroght,</p> +<p>Earth upon earth sayes all is for nought.</p> +</div> + +<p>Here the first two lines represent a corrupt type of the same lines +in verse 3 of the <b>B</b> version, while the rimes <i>wroght</i> : +<i>nought</i> recall verse 1.</p> + +<p>Another interesting trace of a late popular version is mentioned in +the <i>Gentleman’s Magazine</i> for March, 1824, where a certain Mr. +J. Lawrence tells how he was invited, during a visit to Beaumont +Hall, Essex, to see the following inscription, written and decorated by +a cow-boy on an attic wall:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth goes upon the earth, glittering like gold;</p> +<p>Earth goes to the earth sooner than ’twould;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxvi" id = "page_xxxvi">xxxvi</a></span> +<p>Earth built upon the earth castles and towres;</p> +<p>Earth said to the earth, ‘All shall be ours.’</p> +</div> + +<p>Here portions of verses 3 and 4 of the <b>B</b> version have been +combined as in the epitaphs at Melrose and Clerkenwell cited below, +pointing either to a corrupt popular version of the <b>B</b> text, or +possibly to an earlier type<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_23" id = +"tag_intro_23" href = "#note_intro_23">23</a> in which the rimes +<i>gold</i> : <i>mold</i>, &c. were immediately associated with the +rimes <i>towres</i> : <i>bowres</i> as in <b>A</b> (MS. Harl. 913, +v. 6). The former assumption is the more probable, since the verse +appears to be directly based upon stanzas 3 and 4 of the usual <b>B</b> +version.</p> + +<p>The majority of the later instances of the text occur on tombstones +or memorial tablets. The poem was peculiarly adapted for this purpose, +based as it was on the very words of the Burial Service. Indeed, the +short verses from which it is here assumed to have originated might well +be supposed to have been written in the first place as epitaphs, if +evidence of the use of English epitaphs in the thirteenth century<a +class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_24" id = "tag_intro_24" href = +"#note_intro_24">24</a> were forthcoming. As has been already stated, +the seven verses of the normal <b>B</b> version occurred in full among +the mural paintings in the Chapel of the Holy Trinity at +Stratford-on-Avon, belonging to the Guild of the Holy Cross, where they +appear to have been used as a monumental inscription already in the +latter part of the fifteenth century.</p> + +<p>A well-known late instance of the text is the inscription on a +tombstone in the parish churchyard which surrounds Melrose Abbey, +mentioned by Scott. The stone is headed as follows:—</p> + +<p class = "center">Memento Mori.<br /> +Here lyes James Ramsay, portioner of Melrose, who died<br /> +July 15th, 1761.</p> + +<p>On the back is the following verse:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>The Earth goeth on the Earth</p> +<p class = "indent">Glistring like gold,</p> +<p>The Earth goeth to the Earth</p> +<p class = "indent">Sooner than it wold;</p> +<p>The Earth builds on the Earth</p> +<p class = "indent">Castles & Towers,</p> +<p>The Earth says to the Earth:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘All shall be ours.’</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxvii" id = "page_xxxvii">xxxvii</a></span> +<p>This was translated into German by Theodor Fontane (<i>Poems</i>, 4th +edit., Berlin, 1892, p. 447). Cf. Fiedler, <i>Mod. Lang. +Review</i>, April 1908.</p> + +<p>Other inscriptions are as follows:—</p> + +<p>On an old brass, quoted by W. Williams, <i>Notes and Queries</i>, I. +vii. 577, and thought by him to belong to the Church of St. Helen’s, +London<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_25" id = "tag_intro_25" href = +"#note_intro_25">25</a>:—</p> + +<p class = "center"> +‘Here lyeth y<sup>e</sup> bodyes of<br /> +James Pomley, y<sup>e</sup> sonne of ould<br /> +Dominick Pomley and Jane his<br /> +wyfe: y<sup>e</sup> said James deceased y<sup>e</sup> 7th<br /> +day of Januarie Anno Domini 1592<br /> +he beyng of y<sup>e</sup> age of 88 years, &<br /> +y<sup>e</sup> sayd Jane deceased y<sup>e</sup> — day<br /> +of — D —</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth goeth upõ Earth as moulde upõ moulde;</p> +<p>Earth goeth upõ Earth all glittering as golde,</p> +<p>As though earth to y<sup>e</sup> earth never turne sholde;</p> +<p>And yet shall earth to y<sup>e</sup> earth sooner than he wolde.</p> +</div> + +<p>On a tomb at Edmonton of unknown date (possibly sixteenth century), +mentioned by Weever (<i>Ancient Funerall Monuments</i>) in 1631, and by +Pettigrew (<i>Chronicles of the Tombs</i>, p. 67) in +1857:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Erth goyth upon erth as mold upon mold,</p> +<p>Erth goyth upon erth al glisteryng in gold,</p> +<p>As though erth to erth ner turne shold,</p> +<p>And yet must erth to erth soner than he wolde.</p> +</div> + +<p>Formerly on a headstone in St. James’s Churchyard, Clerkenwell, +deciphered about 1812, but already lost in 1851, probably owing to the +dismantling of the churchyard. (Cf. <i>Notes and Queries</i>, III. +i. 389):—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth walks on Earth like glittering gold;</p> +<p>Earth says to Earth ‘We are but mold’.</p> +<p>Earth builds on Earth castles & towers;</p> +<p>Earth says to Earth, ‘All shall be ours!’</p> +</div> + +<p>Formerly on a tombstone at St. Martin’s, Ludgate, to Florens +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxviii" id = "page_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></span> +Caldwell esq. of London & Ann Mary Wilde, his wife (Pettigrew, +p. 67)<a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_26" id = "tag_intro_26" +href = "#note_intro_26">26</a>:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth goes to Earth, as mold to mold;</p> +<p>Earth treads on Earth, glittering in gold:</p> +<p>Earth as to Earth returne ne’er shoulde;</p> +<p>Earth shall to Earth goe e’er he wolde.</p> +<p class = "indent">Earth upon Earth consyder may;</p> +<p class = "indent">Earth goes to Earth naked away.</p> +<p>Earth though on Earth be stowt & gay</p> +<p>Earth shall from Earth passe poore away.</p> +<p class = "indent">Be mercifull & charitable,</p> +<p class = "indent">Relieve the poor as thou art able.</p> +<p class = "indent">A shrowd to the grave</p> +<p class = "indent">Is all thou shalt have.</p> +</div> + +<p>This interesting monument has unfortunately disappeared. Doubtless +there are many other traces of the poem to be found, but it appears to +have been rarely used on tombstones after 1700,<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_intro_27" id = "tag_intro_27" href = "#note_intro_27">27</a> and +earlier monuments, unless specially preserved, are rarely decipherable +at the present day.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_interest" id = "intro_interest"> +Literary Interest.</a></h4> + +<p><i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> cannot be said to possess great literary +value in itself. The interest of the poem lies chiefly in its evident +popularity, and in the insight it gives into the kind of literature +which became popular in the Middle Ages. It belongs essentially to the +same class as the <i>Soul and Body</i> Poems, and the <i>Dance of +Death</i>. In the early days of its introduction into Western Europe, +Christianity made great use in its appeal to the mass of the people of +the fear of death and dread of the Judgement. The early monastic writers +dwelt upon the idea of man’s mortality and decay, and the transitoriness +of human rank and pleasure. Hence the frequency with which such themes +as the <i>Dance of Death</i> were treated in literature and in art. +Closely allied with this idea of the fleeting nature of earthly things, +and to some extent a result of it, was the +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xxxix" id = "page_xxxix">xxxix</a></span> +conception of the separation of man’s bodily from his spiritual self +which pervades all mediaeval post-Christian literature. In Old English +times already, this sense of a sharp division between the two is +embodied in No. xliv of the O.E. <i>Riddles</i>:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_28" id = "tag_intro_28" href = +"#note_intro_28">28</a> Ic wat indryhtne æþelum deorne</p> +<p>ȝiest in ȝeardum, þæm se grimma ne mæg</p> +<p>hunger sceððan ne se hata þurst,</p> +<p>yldo ne adle [ne se enga deað],</p> +<p>ȝif him arlice esne þenað,</p> +<p>se þe agan sceal [his ȝeongorscipe]</p> +<p>on þam siðfæte: hy gesunde æt ham</p> +<p>findaþ witode him wiste ⁊ blisse,</p> +<p>cnosles unrim, care, ȝif se esne</p> +<p>his blaforde hyreð yfle</p> +<p>frean on fore, ne wile forht wesan</p> +<p>broþer oþrum: him þæt bam sceðeð,</p> +<p>þonne hy from bearme begen hweorfað</p> +<p>anre magan ellorfuse</p> +<p>moddor ⁊ sweostor.</p> +</div> + +<p>This sets forth the same conception of the duality in man as is +represented in the O.E. <i>Speech of the Soul to the Body</i>, and in +the whole group of <i>Soul and Body</i> poems, and the idea recurs +constantly in other monastic texts, cf. Morris, <i>O. E. +Miscellany</i>, iii (<i>Sinners Beware</i>), p. 83:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +326.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>þe feondes heom forþ ledeþ</p> +<p class = "indent">Boþe lychom and saule.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +331-336.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Þe saule seyþ to þe lychome,</p> +<p>Accursed wurþe þi nome,</p> +<p class = "indent">Þin heaued and þin heorte.</p> +<p>Þu vs hauest iwroht þes schome,</p> +<p>And alle þene eche grome</p> +<p class = "indent">Vs schall euer smerte.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>MS. Harl.</i> 2253, fol. 106, v<sup>o</sup>, l. 7: þe fleysh stont +aȝeyn þe gost.</p> + +<p>These two fundamental ideas of the transitoriness and hence +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xl" id = "page_xl">xl</a></span> +worthlessness of man’s earthly part, and the cleavage between it and his +spiritual part, lie at the root of much of the mediaeval literature, and +represent the two not incompatible extremes to which the monastic ideal +of life, from its very one-sidedness, was capable of leading: on the one +hand a certain morbid materialism, on the other an ascetic mysticism. +Nor can it be denied that the mediaeval mind took a certain grim +pleasure in dwelling upon the more grotesque aspect of these things. The +O.E. poet found the same enjoyment in describing his ‘Ȝifer’—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_intro_29" id = "tag_intro_29" href = +"#note_intro_29">29</a>se wyrm, þe þa ȝeaȝlas beoð</p> +<p>nædle scearpran: se genydeð to</p> +<p>ærest eallra on þam eorðsciæfe,</p> +</div> + +<p>as the painters of the <i>Dance of Death</i> in the drawing of their +skeletons and emblems of mortality, or the Gothic carver in his +gargoyles. Perhaps, too, some satisfaction in dwelling upon the +hollowness of earthly joys, and the bitter fate of those who took their +fill of them, was not lacking to a few of those who had turned their +backs upon them.</p> + +<p><i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> is perhaps more especially concerned with the +first of the two conceptions mentioned above, man’s mortality, but, as +has already been shown, a close connexion exists between it and the +<i>Soul and Body</i> poems, and though the idea of the duality in man is +not mentioned, it is certainly present. The poem is more popular in form +than either the <i>Dance of Death</i> or the various <i>Soul and +Body</i> Dialogues, perhaps because of its purely English origin, and +seems to represent a later and more popular product of the ideas which +gave rise to the other two groups. Its short mono-rimed stanza, its +jingling internal rime, and its half-riddling, half-punning character, +appear to have especially commended it to popular favour, and it is +significant that it became most widely-known in its simpler forms.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xli" id = "page_xli">xli</a></span> +<h4><a name = "intro_note" id = "intro_note"> +Editor’s Note.</a></h4> + +<p>In preparing the text of this edition, all the available MSS. have +been consulted, the only two not examined being William Billyng’s MS. +and the Brighton MS., which were formerly in the possession of private +owners, and have eluded all search for them. As exhaustive a search as +was possible has been made for other texts of the poem, but it has often +escaped cataloguing, and it is probable that other copies of the +<b>B</b> version, at least, exist.</p> + +<p>The punctuation, inverted commas, and regular use of initial capitals +in the text are the Editor’s. The MSS. vary in their use of capitals, +the same MS. being often inconsistent with itself, while the Cambridge +text frequently employs them for unimportant words in the middle of the +line, as p. 33, l. 45, Ar, &c. Capitals have been added in +the case of all proper names. Letters and words which are obscure or +illegible in the MS., or which appear to have been accidentally omitted, +are enclosed in square brackets, and a hyphen has been inserted where +the MS. separates a prefix or particle from the rest of the word. The +MS. writings ff, þ, ȝ, v for u and vice versa, have been retained +in the text, and <ins class = "correction" +title = "printed as ‘ll’ with single line through">ɫɫ</ins>, +<ins class = "correction" +title = "printed as ‘th’ with single line through">ŧħ</ins>, +expanded to ll<i>e</i>, th<i>e</i>, but it was not +thought advisable to expand m~, n~, to m<i>e</i>, n<i>e</i>, nor other +letters such as d, r, g, when written with a final flourish. +Fifteenth-century scribes appear to have used such flourishes at the end +of the word rather as a matter of habit than with any particular +meaning, and the forms to which expansion of them would lead, such as +<i>one</i>, <i>onne</i> for <i>on</i>, are frequently most improbable. +It was therefore thought better to ignore such flourishes, or to +indicate the persistent use of them by a footnote.</p> + +<p>As the conclusions arrived at in the Introduction with regard to the +relationship of the English and Latin versions in MS. Harl. 913, and the +verbal connexion with the <i>Soul and Body</i> Dialogues, agree, to some +extent, with those indicated by Heuser, <i>Die Kildare-Gedichte</i>, pp. +176-80, it is only reasonable to state that the greater part of the work +upon the subject had been done, and a projected article upon it written +in reply to Professor Fiedler’s in the <i>Modern Language Review</i>, +before I had any knowledge of Heuser’s text, and that my conclusions had +been formed independently of his, though his have helped to strengthen +and confirm them. Moreover I owe his work +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page_xlii" id = "page_xlii">xlii</a></span> +a very real debt, since I first learned from it of the existence of the +Cambridge Text, which has been a most important link in the building up +of the general theory as to the connexion between the different versions +of the poem.</p> + +<p>In conclusion, it is a pleasure to express thanks for kind and +courteous assistance to the authorities of the British Museum, the +Public Record Office, the Bodleian, Cambridge University Library and +Lincoln Cathedral Library; to the librarian of Lambeth Palace Library, +to whom I am indebted for the collation of the Lambeth text; to the +authorities of Magdalene College, Cambridge, for permission to copy and +print the Maitland text; to Lord Harlech for the loan of the Porkington +MS.; to Professor Fiedler for permission to use the Brighton text; to +Professor Priebsch, who pointed out the text in MS. Harl. 4486; to Miss +Helen Sandison, of Bryn Mawr College, U.S.A., for the discovery of the +text in the Appendix and for two of the Analogues, and to Professor +Skeat for valuable advice and suggestions. In particular this text owes +much to my Father, Sir James Murray of the <i>Oxford Dictionary</i>, who +has read the proofs, and in the midst of his own arduous work has always +been ready with help and advice, to my friend Miss K. S. Block, +Lecturer in English at the Royal Holloway College, and, above all, to +Dr. Furnivall, in whom all scholars and students of English mourn to-day +the loss of a great pioneer, and an ever-ready friend and adviser.</p> + +<p><span class = "smallcaps">Oxford,</span></p> + +<p class = "inset"><i>July</i> 1910.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p>Since this was sent to press two other copies of the <b>B</b> version +have come to light at Cambridge, and have by kind permission been +inserted on pp. 47, 48 as Appendix II:—</p> + +<div class = "list"> +<p>(<b>B</b> 19) MS. Trinity College R. 3. 21, fol. 33, v<sup>o</sup>, a +copy of the normal <b>B</b> version in seven stanzas.</p> + +<p>(<b>B</b> 20) MS. Trinity College B. 15. 39, fol. 170, which contains +nine stanzas of the expanded text preserved in MSS. Lambeth and Laud, +and appears to represent a distinct copy of the original of these two +(see Introd. p. xix).</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> + +<hr /> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_1" id = "note_intro_1" href = +"#tag_intro_1">1.</a> +A second Latin version of an <i>Erthe</i> poem, together with the same +poem in Anglo-French, and in Middle English, occurs on the back of a +Roll in the Public Record Office, dating from the time of Edward II +(Ex<sup>r</sup>. K. R. Proceedings, Bdle. 1; old No. 845/21), and +in a 19th cent. transcript of this in MS. Brit. Mus. Addit. 25478; it is +given in the Appendix. Both the Latin and the French appear to be +translations or paraphrases of the English, with an additional verse or +two.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_2" id = "note_intro_2" href = +"#tag_intro_2">2.</a> +The English text in the Appendix consists of nine four-lined stanzas, +and is distinct from either of the two current versions of the poem. It +appears to have been suggested by the opening lines of <b>A</b>, and may +be regarded as a single sub-type of <b>A</b>, not affecting the main +line of argument of the Introduction. (See Appendix, p. 46.)</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_3" id = "note_intro_3" href = +"#tag_intro_3">3.</a> +This is repeated on each page of Bateman’s text, and is, perhaps, his +own design.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_4" id = "note_intro_4" href = +"#tag_intro_4">4.</a> +See Bateman’s Preface.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_5" id = "note_intro_5" href = +"#tag_intro_5">5.</a> +Probably not the author but the copier of the MS.: see Notes.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_6" id = "note_intro_6" href = +"#tag_intro_6">6.</a> +All the stanzas of the <b>B</b> version are four-lined except MS. +Porkington.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_7" id = "note_intro_7" href = +"#tag_intro_7">7.</a> +v. Wanley’s Catalogue.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_8" id = "note_intro_8" href = +"#tag_intro_8">8.</a> +My attention was called to this MS. by the kindness of Prof. +Priebech.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_9" id = "note_intro_9" href = +"#tag_intro_9">9.</a> +MS. Laud Misc. is not written throughout in metrical lines, but the +divisions of the stanzas, and, in most cases, of the lines, are clearly +indicated.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_10" id = "note_intro_10" href = +"#tag_intro_10">10.</a> +The first leaf of this text has been torn out and the verses in brackets +are only conjectural.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_11" id = "note_intro_11" href = +"#tag_intro_11">11.</a> +MS. Laud represents, in the main, the same version as MS. Lamb., but the +variant readings preclude the idea of its being a copy of Lamb., unless +the scribe deliberately tried to modify his original on the lines of +Harl. 4486 and Rawl. P. The changes in the text (ll. 26, 27, +47: see Notes) show that it cannot be the original of Lamb. It appears +to be a transcript from the same original made about the same date, or a +little earlier than the Lambeth text.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_12" id = "note_intro_12" href = +"#tag_intro_12">12.</a> +<i>Cf. MS. Brighton</i> nobley.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_13" id = "note_intro_13" href = +"#tag_intro_13">13.</a> +<i>Cf. MS. Selden</i> delful.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_14" id = "note_intro_14" href = +"#tag_intro_14">14.</a> +The Latin and Anglo-French texts in the Appendix are evidently +renderings of the English poem which accompanies them.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_15" id = "note_intro_15" href = +"#tag_intro_15">15.</a> +This is clearly seen in the Latin and French versions in the Appendix +where the Latin text uses <i>terra in terra</i>, and the French <i>terre +en terre</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_16" id = "note_intro_16" href = +"#tag_intro_16">16.</a> +<i>Vernon MS. <em>to resten on</em>, Digby, <em>shal rest right +at</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_17" id = "note_intro_17" href = +"#tag_intro_17">17.</a> +<i>Cotton MS.</i> þe rof þe firste.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_18" id = "note_intro_18" href = +"#tag_intro_18">18.</a> +Cf. Frendles ys þe dede (<i>Proverbs of Hendyng</i>, l. 288).</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_19" id = "note_intro_19" href = +"#tag_intro_19">19.</a> += heres þonkes, <i>of their own free will</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_20" id = "note_intro_20" href = +"#tag_intro_20">20.</a> +Compare with this the text in the Appendix which begins:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Whanne eorthe hath eorthe wiþ wrong igete—</p> + +<p>and in the French version:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Quant terre auera en terre large terre gayne.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_21" id = "note_intro_21" href = +"#tag_intro_21">21.</a> +See the Appendix, p. 46.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_22" id = "note_intro_22" href = +"#tag_intro_22">22.</a> +<i>Die Kildare-Gedichte</i> (Bonn, 1904).</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_23" id = "note_intro_23" href = +"#tag_intro_23">23.</a> +See p. xxxiv above.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_24" id = "note_intro_24" href = +"#tag_intro_24">24.</a> +The earliest known epitaphs in English date from the fourteenth +century.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_25" id = "note_intro_25" href = +"#tag_intro_25">25.</a> +There is no record of this brass at the church of St. Helen’s, +Bishopsgate.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_26" id = "note_intro_26" href = +"#tag_intro_26">26.</a> +Dated 1590 by Ernest R. Suffling, <i>Epitaphia</i> (1909), +p. 382.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_27" id = "note_intro_27" href = +"#tag_intro_27">27.</a> +A late instance of its use is given by Ch. Box (<i>Elegies and +Epitaphs</i>, Glouc. 1892) as found by him on the tomb of a bricklayer, +who died in 1837, aged 90:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Earth walks upon Earth like glittering gold,</p> +<p>Earth says to Earth, ‘We are but mould’;</p> +<p>Earth builds upon Earth castles and towers,</p> +<p>Earth says to Earth, ‘All is ours’!</p> +</div> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_28" id = "note_intro_28" href = +"#tag_intro_28">28.</a> +Printed from Grein-Wülcker, <i>Bibliothek der ags. Poesie</i>, iii. +212.—(I know of a most noble guest in the dwellings, hidden +from men, whom fierce hunger cannot torment, nor burning thirst, nor +age, nor sickness [nor close-pressing death], if the servant who shall +[bear him company] in his course serves him honourably: they, +prospering, shall find abundance and bliss, countless joys, allotted to +them at home, but (they shall find) sorrow, if the servant obeys his +lord and master ill upon their journey, and will not show him reverence, +the one brother to the other: that shall afflict them both, when they +two depart, hastening hence, from the bosom of their common kinswoman, +mother and sister.)</p> + +<p><a name = "note_intro_29" id = "note_intro_29" href = +"#tag_intro_29">29.</a> +Grein-Wülcker, iii. 105.—(The worm whose jaws are sharper than +needles, who first of all the worms in the grave forces his way to +him.)</p> +</div> + +</div> + +<!-- end div intro --> + + +<div class = "texts"> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page1" id = "page1">1</a></span> + +<h2><span class = "subhead">THE MIDDLE ENGLISH POEM</span><br /> +ERTHE UPON ERTHE.</h2> + + +<h3><a name = "poem_A" id = "poem_A">I.</a><br /> +<span class = "subhead"><b>A</b> VERSION.</span></h3> + + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemA_1" id = "poemA_1">1.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Harleian 2253.</span> c. 1307.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 57, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p>Erþe toc of erþe erþe wyþ woh,</p> +<p>Erþe oþer erþe to þe erþe droh,</p> +<p>Erþe leyde erþe in erþene þroh,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Þo heuede erþe of erþe erþe ynoh.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemA_2" id = "poemA_2">2.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Harleian 913.</span> c. +1308-1330.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 62, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_1" id = "tag_a2_1" href = +"#note_a2_1">1</a>Whan erþ haþ erþ iwonne wiþ wow,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Þan erþ mai of erþ nim hír inow.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ vp<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_2" id = +"tag_a2_2" href = "#note_a2_2">2</a> erþ falliþ fol frow<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_a2_3" id = "tag_a2_3" href = "#note_a2_3">3</a>;</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ toward erþ delful hi<i>m</i> drow.</p> +<p>Of erþ þou wer<i>e</i> makid, a<i>nd</i> mon þou art ilich;</p> +<p>In on erþ awaked þe pore a<i>nd</i> þe riche.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">T<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> p<i>er</i> +i<i>n</i>iuriam cu<i>m</i> t<i>er</i>ra lucratur,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p class = "indent2">Tu<i>n</i>c de t<i>er</i>ra cepiam<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_a2_4" id = "tag_a2_4" href = "#note_a2_4">4</a> t<i>er</i>ra +sorciatur.</p> +<p class = "indent2">T<i>er</i>ra sup<i>er</i> aream subito frustratur; +[fol. 62, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "indent2">Se t<i>r</i>axit ad aridam t<i>er</i>raq<i>ue</i> +tristatur.</p> +<p>De t<i>er</i>ra plasmaris, es simil<i>is</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_a2_5" id = "tag_a2_5" href = "#note_a2_5">5</a> virroni,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Vna t<i>er</i>ra paup<i>er</i>es ac dites s<i>un</i>t proni.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page2" id = "page2">2</a></span> +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erþ geþ on erþ wrikkend in weden,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ toward erþ wormes to feden;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ b<i>er</i>riþ<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_6" +id = "tag_a2_6" href = "#note_a2_6">6</a> to erþ al is lif deden;</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p class = "indent2">When erþ is i<i>n</i> erþe, heo muntid<a class = +"tag" name = "tag_a2_7" id = "tag_a2_7" href = "#note_a2_7">7</a> þi +meden.</p> +<p>When erþ is i<i>n</i> erþe, þe rof is on þe chynne<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_a2_8" id = "tag_a2_8" href = "#note_a2_8">8</a>;</p> +<p>Þan schullen an hu<i>n</i>dred wormes wroten on þe skin.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">Vesta p<i>er</i>git uestibus s<i>upe</i>r +ueste<i>m</i> vare,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p class = "indent2">Artat<i>ur</i> & uermibus vesta pastu<i>m</i> +dare;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Ac cu<i>m</i> gestis o<i>mn</i>ibus ad +uesta<i>m</i> migrare;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Cu<i>m</i> uesta sit scrobibus, q<i>u</i>is wlt<a +class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_9" id = "tag_a2_9" href = +"#note_a2_9">9</a> suspirare?</p> +<p>Cu<i>m</i> sit uesta po<i>n</i>ita<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_10" +id = "tag_a2_10" href = "#note_a2_10">10</a>, doma ta<i>n</i>git +mentu<i>m</i>;</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Tu<i>n</i>c i<i>n</i> cute ca<i>n</i>dida verru<i>n</i>t<a class = +"tag" name = "tag_a2_11" id = "tag_a2_11" href = "#note_a2_11">11</a> +u<i>er</i>mes centu<i>m</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erþ askiþ erþ, a<i>nd</i> erþ hir answerid,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Whi erþ hatid erþ, a<i>nd</i> erþ erþ verrid.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ haþ erþ, a<i>nd</i> erþ erþ teriþ,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ geeþ on erþ, a<i>nd</i> erþ erþ berriþ.</p> +<p>Of erþ þow wer<i>e</i> bigun, on erþ þou schalt end;</p> +<p>Al þ<i>a</i>t þou i<i>n</i> erþ wonne<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_a2_12" id = "tag_a2_12" href = "#note_a2_12">12</a>, to erþ schal +hit wend.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">Hum<i>us</i> humu<i>m</i> repetit, & +re<i>spo</i>nsu<i>m</i> datur,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p class = "indent2">Humu<i>m</i> q<i>u</i>are n<i>e</i>gligit, & +humo fruatur.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Hum<i>u</i>s humu<i>m</i> porrigit, sic & +operatur,</p> +<p class = "indent2">S<i>upe</i>r humu<i>m</i> p<i>er</i>agit, humo +q<i>uod</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_13" id = "tag_a2_13" href = +"#note_a2_13">13</a> portatur.</p> +<p>Humo sic i<i>n</i>ciperis, ac humo meabis;</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>Q<i>uo</i>d humo q<i>ue</i>sieris, humo totu<i>m</i> dabis.</p> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 63, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erþ get hit<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_14" id = "tag_a2_14" href = +"#note_a2_14">14</a> on erp maist<i>r</i>i a<i>nd</i> miȝte;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Al we beþ erþ, to erþ we beþ idiȝte;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ askeþ carayne of ki<i>n</i>g a<i>nd</i> of +kniȝt;</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p class = "indent2">Whan erþ is i<i>n</i> erþ, so lowȝ he be liȝt.</p> +<p>Whan þi riȝt a<i>nd</i> þi wowȝ wendiþ þe bi-for,</p> +<p>Be þou þre niȝt i<i>n</i> a þrouȝ, þi f<i>r</i>endschip is i-lor.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page3" id = "page3">3</a></span> +<p class = "stanza indent2">Terra ui<i>m</i>q<i>ue</i><a class = "tag" +name = "tag_a2_15" id = "tag_a2_15" href = "#note_a2_15">15</a> +b<i>r</i>auivm t<i>er</i>ra collucratur;</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p class = "indent2">Tot<i>us</i> cet<i>us</i> hominvm de t<i>er</i>ra +patratur<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_16" id = "tag_a2_16" href = +"#note_a2_16">16</a>;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Ops cadau<i>er</i> militvm q<i>ue</i> regis +sc<i>r</i>utatur;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Cu<i>m</i> det<i>ur</i> i<i>n</i> tumulvm, mox +t<i>er</i>ra voratur.</p> +<p>Cu<i>m</i> ius & i<i>us</i>ticivm cora<i>m</i> te +migrabu<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p>Pauci p<i>er</i> t<i>r</i>inoctivm morte<i>m</i> +deplorabu<i>n</i>t.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Erþ is a palfrei to king a<i>nd</i> to quene,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ is ar<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_17" id = +"tag_a2_17" href = "#note_a2_17">17</a> la<i>ng</i> wei, þouw we lutil +wene,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Þ<i>a</i>t weriþ g<i>r</i>ouer a<i>nd</i> +g<i>r</i>oy<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_18" id = "tag_a2_18" href = +"#note_a2_18">18</a> a<i>nd</i> schrud so schene,</p> +<p class = "linenum">52</p> +<p class = "indent2">Whan erþ makiþ is liuerei, he g<i>r</i>auiþ vs +i<i>n</i> g<i>r</i>ene.</p> +<p>Whan erþ haþ erp wiþ st<i>r</i>einþ þus geten,</p> +<p>Alast he haþ is leinþ miseislich i-meten.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">Dic uesta<i>m</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_a2_19" id = "tag_a2_19" href = "#note_a2_19">19</a> +dext<i>r</i>arium regiq<i>ue</i> regine,</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p class = "indent2">It<i>er</i> lo<i>n</i>gu<i>m</i> marium, +q<i>uod</i> e<i>st</i> sine fine,</p> +<p class = "indent2">I<i>n</i>dum<i>en</i>tu<i>m</i> uarium dans cedit +se<i>n</i>tine<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_20" id = "tag_a2_20" href += "#note_a2_20">20</a>,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Q<i>ua</i>ndo<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_21" id += "tag_a2_21" href = "#note_a2_21">21</a> dat corrodium, noa +t<i>r</i>adit ruine.</p> +<p>Cu<i>m</i> p<i>er</i> fortitudinem tenet hanc luc<i>r</i>atam,</p> +<p class = "linenum">60</p> +<p>Capit lo<i>n</i>gitudinem mis<i>er</i>e metatam.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Erþ gette on erþ gersom a<i>nd</i> gold,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ is þi moder, in erþ is þi mold.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Erþ uppon erþ be þi soule hold;</p> +<p class = "linenum">64</p> +<p class = "indent2">Er erþe go to erþe, bild þi long bold.</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 63, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p>Erþ bilt<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_22" id = "tag_a2_22" href = +"#note_a2_22">22</a> castles, a<i>nd</i> erþe bilt toures;</p> +<p>Whan erþ is on erþe, blak beþ þe boures.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">Hum<i>us</i> q<i>ue</i>rit pl<i>ur</i>ima +sup<i>er</i> humu<i>m</i> bona,</p> +<p class = "linenum">68</p> +<p class = "indent2">Hum<i>us</i> e<i>st</i> mat<i>er</i> tua, i<i>n</i> +q<i>u</i>a sumas dona<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_23" id = +"tag_a2_23" href = "#note_a2_23">23</a>.</p> +<p class = "indent2">A<i>n</i>i<i>m</i>e sis famula s<i>upe</i>r +humu<i>m</i> prona;</p> +<p class = "indent2">Domu<i>m</i> d<i>e</i>i p<i>er</i>petra +m<i>un</i>do cu<i>m</i> corona.</p> +<p>Ops t<i>ur</i>res edificat ac castra de petra;</p> +<p class = "linenum">72</p> +<p>Q<i>ua</i>n<i>do</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_24" id = +"tag_a2_24" href = "#note_a2_24">24</a> fatu<i>m</i> capiat, penora +<i>sun</i>t tetra.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page4" id = "page4">4</a></span> +<p class = "stanza indent2"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Þenk man i<i>n</i> lond<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_25" id = +"tag_a2_25" href = "#note_a2_25">25</a> on þi last ende,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Whar of þou co<i>m</i> a<i>nd</i> whoder schaltou +wend.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Make þe wel at on wiþ hi<i>m</i> þ<i>a</i>t is so +hend,</p> +<p class = "linenum">76</p> +<p class = "indent2">A<i>nd</i> dred þe of þe dome lest sin þe +schend.</p> +<p>For he is<a class = "tag" name = "tag_a2_26" id = "tag_a2_26" href = +"#note_a2_26">26</a> king of blis, a<i>nd</i> mon of moch<i>e</i> +mede,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t deliþ þe dai f<i>r</i>am niȝt, a<i>nd</i> leniþ lif +a<i>nd</i> dede.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent2">De fine nouissimo mauors mediteris,</p> +<p class = "linenum">80</p> +<p class = "indent2">Huc q<i>u</i>o uen<i>er</i>is uico, dic q<i>u</i>o +g<i>r</i>adieris.</p> +<p class = "indent2">Miti p<i>r</i>ude<i>n</i>tissimo co<i>n</i>cordare +deris,</p> +<p class = "indent2">Hesides iudic[i]o<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_a2_27" id = "tag_a2_27" href = "#note_a2_27">27</a>, ne noxa +da<i>m</i>pneris.</p> +<p>Q<i>uia</i> rex e<i>st</i> gl<i>or</i>ie, dans m<i>en</i>sura +restat;</p> +<p class = "linenum">84</p> +<p>Mutat nocte<i>m</i> de die, vita<i>m</i> morte<i>m</i> prestat.</p> + +<p class = "stanza deep">Am<i>en</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_a2_1" id = "note_a2_1" href = "#tag_a2_1">1.</a> +<i>Cf. Reliquiae Antiquae, <em><span class = "smallroman">II.</span> +216</em>; Furnivall, Early Eng. Poems and Lives of Saints, +<em>p. 150</em>; Heuser, Kildare-Gedichte, +<em>p. 180</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_2" id = "note_a2_2" href = "#tag_a2_2">2.</a> +<i>read <em>upon</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_3" id = "note_a2_3" href = "#tag_a2_3">3.</a> +<i>in margin <em>festi<i>n</i>e</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_4" id = "note_a2_4" href = "#tag_a2_4">4.</a> +<i>MS. <em>cepiam</em>, so Reliq. Ant.; Furn., Heuser, +<em>copiam</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_5" id = "note_a2_5" href = "#tag_a2_5">5.</a> +<i>MS. <em>simil’</em>, Furn. <em>simile</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_6" id = "note_a2_6" href = "#tag_a2_6">6.</a> +<i>MS. <em>b’riþ</em>, Furn., Reliq. Ant. <em>beriþ</em>, Heuser +<em>berriþ</em>, cf. l. 28.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_7" id = "note_a2_7" href = "#tag_a2_7">7.</a> +<i><em>muntiþ</em>, in margin <em>metit<i>ur</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_8" id = "note_a2_8" href = "#tag_a2_8">8.</a> +<i>MS. originally <em>schynne</em>, <em>s</em> erased.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_9" id = "note_a2_9" href = "#tag_a2_9">9.</a> +<i><em>vult</em>, cf. Furn.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_10" id = "note_a2_10" href = "#tag_a2_10">10.</a> +<i>MS. <em>põita</em>, Furn., Heuser <em>posita</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_11" id = "note_a2_11" href = "#tag_a2_11">11.</a> +<i>in margin <em>t<i>r</i>ahu<i>nt</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_12" id = "note_a2_12" href = "#tag_a2_12">12.</a> +<i>in margin <em>luc<i>r</i>ataris</em>, Heuser +<em>lucrabaris</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_13" id = "note_a2_13" href = "#tag_a2_13">13.</a> +<i>MS. <em>humo <ins class = "correction" title = +"printed as ‘q’ with line through stem: exact form unclear">ꝗ</ins></em>, +Reliq. Ant., Furn. <em>humoque</em>, Heuser <em>humo quod</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_14" id = "note_a2_14" href = "#tag_a2_14">14.</a> +<i>? <em>getith</em>, in margin <em>luc<i>ratur</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_15" id = "note_a2_15" href = "#tag_a2_15">15.</a> +<i>MS. <em>uĩqȝ</em>, Reliq. Ant., Furn. <em>vincit</em>, Heuser +<em>vimque</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_16" id = "note_a2_16" href = "#tag_a2_16">16.</a> +<i>MS. <em>p<sup>a</sup>rtratur</em>, Furn. <em>portratur</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_17" id = "note_a2_17" href = "#tag_a2_17">17.</a> +<i>MS. <em>ar</em>, Heuser <em>a</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_18" id = "note_a2_18" href = "#tag_a2_18">18.</a> +<i>Heuser <em>grey</em> (lies <em>fou and grey</em>?).</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_19" id = "note_a2_19" href = "#tag_a2_19">19.</a> +<i>Furn. <em>est tam</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_20" id = "note_a2_20" href = "#tag_a2_20">20.</a> +<i>MS. <em>sẽtine</em>, Furn. <em>sentine</em>, Reliq. Ant. +<em>sentinæ</em>, so <em>reginæ</em>, <em>ruinæ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_21" id = "note_a2_21" href = "#tag_a2_21">21.</a> +<i>MS. <em>Qñ</em>, Furn. <em>omne</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_22" id = "note_a2_22" href = "#tag_a2_22">22.</a> +<i>in margin <em>bildiþ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_23" id = "note_a2_23" href = "#tag_a2_23">23.</a> +<i>Furn. H. <em>dorna</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_24" id = "note_a2_24" href = "#tag_a2_24">24.</a> +<i>MS. <em>qñ</em>, Furn. <em>quin</em> or <em>quando</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_25" id = "note_a2_25" href = "#tag_a2_25">25.</a> +<i>Heuser ? <em>ilome</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_26" id = "note_a2_26" href = "#tag_a2_26">26.</a> +<i>MS. <em>h<sup>e</sup>is</em>.</i><a class = "tag" name = "endtagA" id += "endtagA" href = "#endnoteA">A</a></p> + +<p><a name = "note_a2_27" id = "note_a2_27" href = "#tag_a2_27">27.</a> +<i>MS. <em>iudico</em>: Reliq. Ant. <em>judicio</em>, Furn., Heuser +<em>iudicio</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page5" id = "page5">5</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "poem_B" id = "poem_B">II<ins class = "correction" +title = ". missing">. </ins></a><br /> +<span class = "subhead"><b>B</b> VERSION.</span></h3> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_1" id = "poemB_1">1.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">William Billyng’s MS.</span> c. +1400-1430 ?.</h4> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_1" id = "tag_b1_1" href = +"#note_b1_1">1</a>Erth owte of erth is wondyrly wroght,</p> +<p>Ffor erth hath geten of erth a nobul thyng of noght,</p> +<p>Erthe uppon erthe hath set alle hys thoght</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How erthe uppon erthe may be hygh broght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe uppon erthe yet wolde be a kynge,</p> +<p>But how erth shall to erth thynketh he nothyng;</p> +<p>But when erth byddyth erth his dute hom bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than shall erth fro erth have a peteus<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b1_2" id = "tag_b1_2" href = "#note_b1_2">2</a> partyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erth wynnyth uppon erth both castellys and towris;</p> +<p>Than sayth erth unto erth: ‘This is alle owres’.</p> +<p>But whan erth uppon erth hath byllyd all his bowrys,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Thanne shalle erth for erth suffer sharpe showres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth byldyth uppon erth as molde uppo<i>n</i> molde,</p> +<p>And erth goth uppo<i>n</i> erth glyttryng alle gold,</p> +<p>Lyke as erth unto erth neuer goe sholde;</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Ann justly tha[n]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_3" id = "tag_b1_3" +href = "#note_b1_3">3</a> shalle erth go to erth rather þa<i>n</i><a +class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_4" id = "tag_b1_4" href = +"#note_b1_4">4</a> he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why man erth loveth erth wondyr me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erth for erth swet wylle or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor whan erth uppon erth is broght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>i<i>n</i> þe<a +class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_5" id = "tag_b1_5" href = +"#note_b1_5">5</a> brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than shal þe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_6" id = "tag_b1_6" href = +"#note_b1_6">6</a> erth of erth have a ryght fowle sty[n]ke<a class = +"tag" href = "#note_b1_6">6</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Memento<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b1_7" id = "tag_b1_7" href = +"#note_b1_7">7</a> ho<i>mo</i> quod cinis es <i>e</i>t in cinere<i>m</i> +reverteris.</p> +<p>Ffac bene du<i>m</i> vivis, post morte[m]<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b1_8" id = "tag_b1_8" href = "#note_b1_8">8</a> viv<i>er</i>e si +vis.</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i> lyffe is most louyd and deth most hated,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Than deth drawyth hys drawght and maketh ma<i>n</i> ful naked.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b1_1" id = "note_b1_1" href = "#tag_b1_1">1.</a> +<i>From Bateman’s print (William Billyng, Five Wounds of Christ, +Manchester, 1814).</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_2" id = "note_b1_2" href = "#tag_b1_2">2.</a> +<i>Bateman <em>petrus</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_3" id = "note_b1_3" href = "#tag_b1_3">3.</a> +<i>B. <em>tha</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_4" id = "note_b1_4" href = "#tag_b1_4">4.</a> +<i>B. <em>yã</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_5" id = "note_b1_5" href = "#tag_b1_5">5.</a> +<i>B. <em>w<sup>t</sup>i y<sup>e</sup></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_6" id = "note_b1_6" href = "#tag_b1_6">6.</a> +<i>B. <em>y<sup>e</sup></em>; <em>styke</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_7" id = "note_b1_7" href = "#tag_b1_7">7.</a> +<i>B. <em>momento</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b1_8" id = "note_b1_8" href = "#tag_b1_8">8.</a> +<i>B. <em>morte</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page6" id = "page6">6</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_2" id = "poemB_2">2.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Thornton.</span> c. 1440.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 279.]</p> + +<p class = "indent3">Memento homo Quod Sinis Es</p> +<p class = "indent3">Et in cenerem Reuerteris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b2_1" id = "tag_b2_1" href = +"#note_b2_1">1</a>Erthe owte of erthe es wondirly wroghte,</p> +<p>Erthe hase getyn one erthe a dignyte of noghte,</p> +<p>Erthe appon<i>e</i> erthe hase sett alle his thoghte</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How þat erthe appon<i>e</i> erthe may be heghe broghte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe appon<i>e</i> erthe wolde be a kynge,</p> +<p>Bot howe þ<i>a</i>t erthe to erthe sail thynkis he no thynge.</p> +<p>When erthe bredis erthe & his rentis<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b2_2" id = "tag_b2_2" href = "#note_b2_2">2</a> home brynge,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Thane schalle<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b2_3" id = "tag_b2_3" href += "#note_b2_3">3</a> erthe of erthe hafe full harde partynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe appon<i>e</i> erthe wynnys castells and towrrys.</p> +<p>Thane saise<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b2_4" id = "tag_b2_4" href = +"#note_b2_4">4</a> erthe vnto erthe: ‘This es alle owrris’.</p> +<p>When erthe appo<i>ne</i> erthe hase bigged vp his bourris,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than schalle erthe for erthe suffire scharpe scowrrys<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b2_5" id = "tag_b2_5" href = "#note_b2_5">5</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe gose appon<i>e</i> erthe as golde appone golde,</p> +<p>He that gose appon<i>e</i> erthe gleterande as golde,</p> +<p>Lyke als erthe neu<i>er</i> more<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b2_6" id += "tag_b2_6" href = "#note_b2_6">6</a> goo to erthe scholde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>And ȝitt schal erthe vnto erthe ȝa rathere þan he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Now why þ<i>a</i>t erthe luffis erthe wondire me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why þ<i>a</i>t erthe for erthe scholde oþ<i>er</i> swete or +swynke,</p> +<p>For when þ<i>a</i>t erthe appon<i>e</i> erthe es broghte +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Thane schalle erthe of erthe hafe a foulle stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent3">Mors Soluit Omnia.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b2_1" id = "note_b2_1" href = "#tag_b2_1">1.</a> +<i>Cf. G. G. Perry, Religious Poems in Prose and Verse (E.E.T.S. <em>No. +xxvi. 1867, p. 95, 1889, p. 96</em>); C. Horstmann, +Yorkshire Writers, <em>1. 373</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b2_2" id = "note_b2_2" href = "#tag_b2_2">2.</a> +<i>repeated in MS. <em>rentys</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b2_3" id = "note_b2_3" href = "#tag_b2_3">3.</a> +<i>Perry <em>sall</em>, MS., Horstmann <em>schalle</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b2_4" id = "note_b2_4" href = "#tag_b2_4">4.</a> +<i>perh. <em>sase</em>, MS. indistinct, Perry <em>thus +sase</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b2_5" id = "note_b2_5" href = "#tag_b2_5">5.</a> +<i>perh. <em>stourrys</em> as in Perry, but all other texts have +<em>schowrys</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b2_6" id = "note_b2_6" href = "#tag_b2_6">6.</a> +<i>MS. <em>more</em>, Perry <em>mare</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page7" id = "page7">7</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_3" id = "poemB_3">3.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Selden</span> Supra 53. c. +1450.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 159, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_1" id = "tag_b3_1" href = +"#note_b3_1">1</a>Erthe apon erthe ys wonderly wroth<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b3_2" id = "tag_b3_2" href = "#note_b3_2">2</a>,</p> +<p>Erthe apon erthe hath worschyp of nogth,</p> +<p>Erthe apon erthe hath set<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_3" id = +"tag_b3_3" href = "#note_b3_3">3</a> al hys thowth</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How erthe apon erth myth be hy browth.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe apon erth wolde be a kyng<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>How erth schal to þe erth thy[n]k<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_4" +id = "tag_b3_4" href = "#note_b3_4">4</a> he no thyng<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>Whan erth bydyth erth hys rent h[om]e<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_b3_4">4</a> bryng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Þan schal erth fro þe erth [haue]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_5" +id = "tag_b3_5" href = "#note_b3_5">5</a> a delful partyng<i>e</i><a +class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_6" id = "tag_b3_6" href = +"#note_b3_6">6</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erth apon erth wyn[nyth ca<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b3_7" id = +"tag_b3_7" href = "#note_b3_7">7</a>]stellys <i>and</i> towrys;</p> +<p>Þan seyth erth to þe erth: ‘Þose beth al owrys’.</p> +<p>Whan erth apon erth hath byggyt al hys bowrys<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b3_8" id = "tag_b3_8" href = "#note_b3_8">8</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Þan schal erth for þe erth suffyr scharpe [s]chowrys<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b3_9" id = "tag_b3_9" href = "#note_b3_9">9</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Lo erth apon erth consyder þ<i>o</i>u may</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t erth cometh owte of þ<i>e</i> erth nakyt alway.</p> +<p>Þan how scholde erth apon erthe be prowt [or gay]<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b3_10" id = "tag_b3_10" href = "#note_b3_10">10</a></p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Whan erth schal to þ<i>e</i> erth in so pore aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Erth goth on erth as molde doþe on molde,</p> +<p>Erth goth on erth glydderande in golde,</p> +<p>Lyk as erth to erth neuyre go scholde.</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Ȝyt schal erth to þ<i>e</i> erth rathyr þan þey wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +I cowsayl erth apon erth þ<i>a</i>t wykytly hath wroht,</p> +<p>Whyle erth ys apon erth to turne al hys tho[w]th<a class = "tag" name += "tag_b3_11" id = "tag_b3_11" href = "#note_b3_11">11</a>.</p> +<p>Now pray we to God þ<i>a</i>t al erth wrowth,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Þat erth owt of erth to blys myth be browth.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b3_1" id = "note_b3_1" href = "#tag_b3_1">1.</a> +<i>The poem is in a different hand on the last leaf of the MS., and the +writing is much worn and stained, and in many cases barely legible. +A few letters have been re-written in black ink by a later +hand.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_2" id = "note_b3_2" href = "#tag_b3_2">2.</a> +<i><em>wroht</em>, cf. <em>nogth</em>, <em>thowth</em>, <em>browth</em>, +and similar cases of <em>th</em> for <em>ht</em> in v. 6.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_3" id = "note_b3_3" href = "#tag_b3_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. perhaps <em>iset</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_4" id = "note_b3_4" href = "#tag_b3_4">4.</a> +<i>MS. obscure.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_5" id = "note_b3_5" href = "#tag_b3_5">5.</a> +<i>omitted in MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_6" id = "note_b3_6" href = "#tag_b3_6">6.</a> +<i><em>partyn</em> re-written in black ink, <em>ge</em> of the original +hand still clear.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_7" id = "note_b3_7" href = "#tag_b3_7">7.</a> +<i>MS. stained and illegible; portions of <em>nyth a</em> seem to be +visible.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_8" id = "note_b3_8" href = "#tag_b3_8">8.</a> +<i><em>bow</em> in original hand, <em>rys</em> re-written in black +ink.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_9" id = "note_b3_9" href = "#tag_b3_9">9.</a> +<i>The second hand has re-written <em>chowrys</em> ignoring the +<em>s</em> which is no longer visible.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_10" id = "note_b3_10" href = "#tag_b3_10">10.</a> +<i><em>o</em> and <em>y</em> re-written, the rest illegible.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b3_11" id = "note_b3_11" href = "#tag_b3_11">11.</a> +<i><em>w</em> no longer legible.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page8" id = "page8">8</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_4" id = "poemB_4">4.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Egerton 1995.</span> c. +1430-1450.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 55, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "center">(William Gregory’s Commonplace-Book.)</p> + +<p class = "stanza">Memento homo q<i>uod</i> cinis es et in cinerem +reuerteris.</p> +<p>Whenne lyfe ys moste louyde, and dethe ys moste hatyde,</p> +<p>Dethe drawythe hys draught<i>e</i>, and makythe man nakyde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">4</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe owte of þe erthe ys wounderly wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Erthe vppon erthe hathe sette hys thought<i>e</i></p> +<p>Howe erthe a-pon erthe may be hy brought<i>e</i><a class = "tag" name += "tag_b4_1" id = "tag_b4_1" href = "#note_b4_1">1</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">8</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe vppon erthe wolde be a kynge;</p> +<p>Howe erthe shalle vnto erthe thynkythe he noo thynge.</p> +<p>Whenne erthe byddys erthe hys rentys home brynge,</p> +<p>Thenne shalle erthe of the erthe haue a pytyus partynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">12</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe a-pon erthe wynnys castellis and towrys;</p> +<p>Thenne erthe saythe vnto<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b4_2" id = +"tag_b4_2" href = "#note_b4_2">2</a> erthe: ‘Thys ys alle owrys’.</p> +<p>Whenne erthe a-pon erthe hathe bylde vppe hys bourys,</p> +<p>Thenne shalle erthe for the erthe suffer sharpe schowrys.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">16</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe goythe a-pon erthe as molde a-pon molde;</p> +<p>Erthe gothe a-pon erthe alle gleterynge in golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe vnto erthe neuyr [go]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b4_3" +id = "tag_b4_3" href = "#note_b4_3">3</a> scholde,</p> +<p>And yet shalle erthe vnto erthe rathyr thenne he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">20</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why erthe louythe erthe woundyr I thynke,</p> +<p>Or why erthe for the erthe swete wylle or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor whenne erthe a-pon erthe ys brought<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>yn +brynke,</p> +<p>Thenne shalle erthe of erthe haue a foule stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">24</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Loo erthe a-pon erthe consyder þ<i>o</i>u may</p> +<p>Howe erthe comythe to erthe nakyd alle day.</p> +<p>Why scholde erthe a-pon erthe goo stowte and gay,</p> +<p>Syn erthe vnto erthe shalle pas in pore a-ray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">28</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I consylle erthe a-pon erthe þ<i>a</i>t wyckydly hathe +wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Whyle erthe ys a-pon erthe to turne vppe hys thought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 55, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p>And pray to God a-pon erthe that alle the erthe hathe +wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>That erthe owte of the erthe to blys may be brought.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent6">Amen. Caue si vis.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b4_1" id = "note_b4_1" href = "#tag_b4_1">1.</a> +<i>The second line in omitted here and in No. 5, where a new line has +been added.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b4_2" id = "note_b4_2" href = "#tag_b4_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>vnt</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b4_3" id = "note_b4_3" href = "#tag_b4_3">3.</a> +<i>Omitted in MS., but required by metre.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page9" id = "page9">9</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_5" id = "poemB_5">5.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Harleian 1671.</span> 15th +century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 1*, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe apon erthe ys waxyne and wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And erthe apon erthe hathe ysette all<i>e</i> hys thought<i>e</i></p> +<p>Howe that erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> hye myght be +brought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>But how that erth<i>e</i> scal to the erth<i>e</i> thyngketh<i>e</i> +he noht<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe apon erth<i>e</i> wolde be a kyng,</p> +<p>Butte how that erth<i>e</i> schal to erth<i>e</i> thynketh he no +thynge,</p> +<p>Ffor when erth<i>e</i> byddyth<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i> hys rente home<a +class = "tag" name = "tag_b5_1" id = "tag_b5_1" href = +"#note_b5_1">1</a> brynge,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than hath<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> heuy partyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Eerthe apon erth<i>e</i> wynnyth castells and touris,</p> +<p>And erth<i>e</i> sayth<i>e</i> to the erth<i>e</i>: ‘Thys ys +all<i>e</i> ourys’.</p> +<p>Wanne erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> syttyth<i>e</i> wyth-in hys +bovrys,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Yeȝt schall<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b5_2" id += "tag_b5_2" href = "#note_b5_2">2</a> for the erthe suffre scharpe +schourys.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth<i>e</i> goyth<i>e</i> on erth<i>e</i> as mowlde apon<i>ne</i> +mowlde,</p> +<p>And erth<i>e</i> goyth on erth<i>e</i> gletterant as golde,</p> +<p>Like as erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> neuer dye schoulde.</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Ȝyt schall erth<i>e</i> to the erth<i>e</i> rather than he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why that erth<i>e</i> louyth erth<i>e</i> wond<i>er</i> me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> swete or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor whan<i>ne</i> erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> ys brought wyth-in +the brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than ys erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> botte a fowle stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> knoweth<i>e</i> eche day</p> +<p>Howe erth<i>e</i> cometh to the erth<i>e</i> naked all<i>e</i> +waye.</p> +<p>Why schulde erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> go stowte or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Syth erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> schal passe in pore aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I cowncell<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i> apon erth<i>e</i> that wonderly hath +wrought<i>e</i></p> +<p>Whyles that erth<i>e</i> ys apon erth<i>e</i> to turne all hys +thought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And y pray to God apon erth<i>e</i> that all<i>e</i> erth<i>e</i> +hath wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>That erth<i>e</i> out of erth<i>e</i> to blysse may be +brought<i>e</i>. Amen.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent4"><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b5_3" id = +"tag_b5_3" href = "#note_b5_3">3</a>Whanne lyf ys moste louyd,</p> +<p class = "indent4">And dethe ys most hatyd,</p> +<p class = "indent4">Dethe drawyth hys drawghte</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p class = "indent4">And maketh a man ful naked.</p> +<p class = "indent6">De t<i>er</i>ra plasmasti me.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b5_1" id = "note_b5_1" href = "#tag_b5_1">1.</a> +<i>MS. <em>hime</em> crossed out, and <em>home</em> written in same +line</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_b5_2" id = "note_b5_2" href = "#tag_b5_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>erht<i>e</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b5_3" id = "note_b5_3" href = "#tag_b5_3">3.</a> +<i>written parallel with the poem in the right-hand column. +A signature apparently follows, but is indecipherable.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page10" id = "page10">10</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_6" id = "poemB_6">6.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Brighton</span>. 15th century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 90, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b6_1" id = "tag_b6_1" href = +"#note_b6_1">1</a>Erthe oute of erthe is wondyrly +wroghte,</p> +<p>Erthe vpon erthe gete nobley of noughte,</p> +<p>Erthe vpon erthe has sete all his thovghte</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How erthe vpon erthe may be hye brovghte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe vpon erthe wolde be a kynge,</p> +<p>How erthe sall to erthe thenkys he nothyng,</p> +<p>For whan erthe byddes erthe his rent home brynge,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Þan sall erthe from erthe haf petus +p<i>ar</i>tynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe vpon erthe wynnes castells and tours;</p> +<p>Than says erthe vnto erthe: ‘This is all ovres’.</p> +<p>But whan erthe opon erthe has bigged his borowes,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than sall erthe for the erthe sofur sharpe shovres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe gothe vpon erthe os movlde opon movlde,</p> +<p>Erthe gothe opon erthe glyd<i>er</i>yng os golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe to erthe neu<i>er</i> go shulde.</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Ȝyte shall erthe to erthe rather þan he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why þ<i>a</i>t erthe loues erthe wond<i>er</i> me +thynkes,</p> +<p>Vr why þ<i>a</i>t erthe vpon erthe swetys or +swynkes,</p> +<p>Ffor whan erthe opon erthe is brente +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in þe brynkes,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Þan sall erthe of the erthe hafe a foule stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo erthe vpon erthe consider þou may</p> +<p>How erthe comes into þe erthe nakyd all way.</p> +<p>Why sulde erthe vpon erthe go stovte or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Sethen erthe oute of erthe sall passe in por aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I concell erthe opon erthe þ<i>a</i>t wykkydly has +wrouthe,</p> +<p>The whyle þ<i>a</i>t erthe is vpon erthe to turn vp his +thouthe,</p> +<p>And praye to God vpon erthe þat all the erthe +wrouhte,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t erthe oute of erthe to blys may be +browthe.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b6_1" id = "note_b6_1" href = "#tag_b6_1">1.</a> +<i>Printed, by kind permission, from H. G. Fiedler’s text (Mod. Lang. +Review, <em><span class = "smallroman">III.</span> iii. +219</em>).</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page11" id = "page11">11</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_7" id = "poemB_7">7.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">Stratford-on-Avon Inscription.</span> +15th century.</h4> + +<p class = "center">(Formerly in the Chapel of the Trinity.)</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe oute of erth ys wondurly wroght,</p> +<p>Erth hath gotyn vppon erth a dygnyte of noght,</p> +<p>Erth ypon erth hath sett<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b7_1" id = +"tag_b7_1" href = "#note_b7_1">1</a> all hys thowht</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How erth apon erth may be hey browght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erth vpon erth wold be a kyng,</p> +<p>But how that erth gott to erth he thyngkys<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b7_2" id = "tag_b7_2" href = "#note_b7_2">2</a> nothyng.</p> +<p>When erth byddys erth hys rentys whom bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Then schall erth apon erth haue a hard p<i>ar</i>tyng<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b7_3" id = "tag_b7_3" href = "#note_b7_3">3</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erth apon erth wy<i>n</i>nys castellys and towrys;</p> +<p>Then seth erth vnto erth: ‘Thys ys all owrys’.</p> +<p>When erth apon erth hath bylde hye<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b7_4" +id = "tag_b7_4" href = "#note_b7_4">4</a> bowrys,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Then schall erth for erth suffur many hard schowrys.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth goth apon erth as man apon mowld,</p> +<p>Lyke as erth apon erth neu<i>er</i><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b7_5" +id = "tag_b7_5" href = "#note_b7_5">5</a> goo schold.</p> +<p>Erth goth apon erth as glisteryng gold,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>And yet schall erth vnto erth rather then he wold.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why that erth loueth erth wondur me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erth wold for erth other swett or swynke.</p> +<p>When erth apon erth ys broght w<i>ith</i>yn the brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Then schall erth apon erth have a fowll stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo erth on erth, consedur thow may</p> +<p>How erth co<i>m</i>myth to erth nakyd all way.</p> +<p>Why schall erth apon erth goo stowte or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Seth erth out of erth schall passe yn poor aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I counsill erth apone erth that ys wondurly wrogt,</p> +<p>The w<i>h</i>yll<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b7_6" id = "tag_b7_6" +href = "#note_b7_6">6</a> þ<i>a</i>t erth ys apon erthe to torne hys +thowht,</p> +<p>And pray to God vpon erth þ<i>a</i>t all erth wroght,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>That all crystyn soullys to þe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b7_7" id = +"tag_b7_7" href = "#note_b7_7">7</a> blis may be broght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b7_1" id = "note_b7_1" href = "#tag_b7_1">1.</a> +<i>Fisher (Facsimile of inscription) <em>seth</em>; Reeves (Mod. Lang. +Notes, ix. 4, 203) <em>sett</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_2" id = "note_b7_2" href = "#tag_b7_2">2.</a> +<i>Reeves <em>thynkys</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_3" id = "note_b7_3" href = "#tag_b7_3">3.</a> +<i>Fisher, Reeves <em>ptyng</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_4" id = "note_b7_4" href = "#tag_b7_4">4.</a> +<i>Fisher <em>hye</em>, Reeves <em>hys</em>; cf. H. 4486 hath</i> <ins +class = "correction" title = "printed in italics">bygged hy his +bowres</ins></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_5" id = "note_b7_5" href = "#tag_b7_5">5.</a> +<i>Fisher <em>neuu</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_6" id = "note_b7_6" href = "#tag_b7_6">6.</a> +<i>Fisher, Reeves <em>w<sup>h</sup>yll</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b7_7" id = "note_b7_7" href = "#tag_b7_7">7.</a> +<i>Fisher <em>y</em> for <em>y<sup>e</sup></em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page12" id = "page12">12</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_8" id = "poemB_8">8.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Rawlinson C. 307.</span> c. +1460.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 2, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p>Memento homo quod cinis es et in cinerem reuerteris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe opon erthe hath set all<i>e</i> his thoght</p> +<p>How that erthe opon erthe may be hy broght.</p> +<p>Erthe oute of erthe is wonderly wroght,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Erthe hase of erthe a dignytie of noght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe opon erthe wolde be a kyng,</p> +<p>Bot how erthe shall<i>e</i> to erthe thynkis he nothyng.</p> +<p>Ya bot when erthe byddis erthe his rentis hym bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than shall<i>e</i> erthe hafe of erthe a full<i>e</i> harde +p<i>ar</i>tyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe opon erthe byggis castels and towres,</p> +<p>Than sais erthe vnto erthe: ‘All<i>e</i> þis is ours’.</p> +<p>Ya bot when erthe opon erthe hath byggid vp his bowres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than shall<i>e</i> erthe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b8_1" id = +"tag_b8_1" href = "#note_b8_1">1</a> for erthe suffre sharpe +showres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth<i>e</i> gose on erthe<a class = "tag" href = "#note_b8_1">1</a> +glitterand as golde,</p> +<p>Like as erthe<a class = "tag" href = "#note_b8_1">1</a> vnto erthe<a +class = "tag" href = "#note_b8_1">1</a> neu<i>er</i> go shulde.</p> +<p>Ya bot when erthe goeth on erthe as colde opon colde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Yit shall<i>e</i> erthe vnto erthe rather þan<i>ne</i> he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Whi that erthe luffis erthe wondre me thynke,</p> +<p>Or whi þat erthe for erthe swete wyll<i>e</i> or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor when erthe<a class = "tag" href = "#note_b8_1">1</a> opon erthe +is brought with-in brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than shall<i>e</i> erthe hafe of erthe<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_b8_1">1</a> a wonder foule stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +What may erthe say to erthe at beste tyme of all<i>e</i>?</p> +<p>Noght bot þ<i>a</i>t erthe opon erthe shall<i>e</i> hafe a +fall<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>Bot when erthe oute of erthe<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_b8_1">1</a> shall<i>e</i> com to the laste call<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Than sall<i>e</i> erthe be<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b8_2" id = +"tag_b8_2" href = "#note_b8_2">2</a> full<i>e</i> ferde for þe sely +sall<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Beholde þ<i>o</i>u erthe opon erthe what worship þ<i>o</i>u hase,</p> +<p>And thynk þ<i>o</i>u erthe opon erthe what maistres þ<i>o</i>u +mase,</p> +<p>And how erthe opon erthe what gatis at þ<i>o</i>u gase,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>And þ<i>o</i>u sall<i>e</i> fynde it forsuthe that þ<i>o</i>u haste +many fase.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Now he þ<i>a</i>t erthe opon erthe ordande<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b8_3" id = "tag_b8_3" href = "#note_b8_3">3</a> to go</p> +<p>Graunte þ<i>a</i>t erthe vpon erthe may govern hym so,</p> +<p>Þat when erthe vnto erthe shall<i>e</i> be taken to,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>That þe saule of þis erthe suffre no wo.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><i>Final <em>n</em> is often written <em>n~</em>; so +<em>m~</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b8_1" id = "note_b8_1" href = "#tag_b8_1">1.</a> +<i>possibly MS. <em>ertha</em>; final <em>e</em> in this MS. is often +written very like <em>a</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b8_2" id = "note_b8_2" href = "#tag_b8_2">2.</a> +<i>looks like <em>ba</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b8_3" id = "note_b8_3" href = "#tag_b8_3">3.</a> +<i>looks like <em>ordanda</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page13" id = "page13">13</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_9" id = "poemB_9">9.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Harleian 4486.</span> 15th +century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 146, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p>Memento homo q<i>uo</i>d cinis es & [in] cinerem +reu<i>er</i>teris,</p> +<p>Ffac b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i> du<i>m</i> viuis, post morte<i>m</i> viuere +si vis.</p> +<p>When<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b9_1" id = "tag_b9_1" href = +"#note_b9_1">1</a> lyffe is most loued<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_b9_1">1</a>, & deth is moste hated,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Then dethe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b9_2" id = "tag_b9_2" href = +"#note_b9_2">2</a> draweth<i>e</i> his drawght<i>e</i> & +makyth<i>e</i> man full<i>e</i> naked.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe owte of erthe is wonderly wrowght<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Erthe of the erthe hathe gete an abbey of nawte,</p> +<p>Erthe apon erthe hath<i>e</i> sett all<i>e</i> his thowghte</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>How erthe apon erthe may be hye browte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe apon erthe be he<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b9_3" id = "tag_b9_3" +href = "#note_b9_2">3</a> a kyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Butt how erth<i>e</i> schall<i>e</i> to erthe thynketh<i>e</i> he +nothyng<i>e</i>.</p> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b9_4" id = "tag_b9_4" href = +"#note_b9_4">4</a>When erthe byddeth<i>e</i> erthe his rent home +bryng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erthe owte of erthe haue a pyteous +p<i>ar</i>tyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe apon erthe wynneth<i>e</i> castell<i>es</i> & towres.</p> +<p>Then seyth<i>e</i> erthe to erthe: ‘These byth<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> +owres’.</p> +<p>When erthe apon erthe hath bygged<i>e</i> vp his bowres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erthe for the erthe suffre scharpe schowres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe gothe apon erthe as molde apon molde.</p> +<p>So goeth<i>e</i> erthe apon erthe all<i>e</i> gleteryng<i>e</i> in +golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe into erthe neu<i>er</i> go scholde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>And ȝet schalle erthe into erth<i>e</i> rather then he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why erthe loueth<i>e</i> erthe wonder me thynke,</p> +<p>Or why that erthe for erthe swete wyll<i>e</i> or swynke,</p> +<p>Ffor whan erthe apon erthe is browte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>yn þe +brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Then schall<i>e</i> erthe of the erthe haue a fowle stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Loo, erthe apon erthe, consyder<i>e</i> thow may</p> +<p>How erthe com<i>m</i>yth<i>e</i> to erthe naked all<i>e</i> way.</p> +<p>Why scholde erthe apon erthe go stowte or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Whan erthe schall<i>e</i> passe owte of erthe in a pore aray?</p> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 146, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Therfor erthe apon erthe that wykedly hast wrought<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Whyle erthe is apon erthe torne agayne thy thowght<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And pray to God apon erthe that all<i>e</i> erthe hath wroughte</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>That this erthe apon this erthe to blysse may be browte.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page14" id = "page14">14</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Now Lorde that madyst for erthe & sufferdyst paynes ylle,</p> +<p>Lett neu<i>er</i> this erthe for this erthe i<i>n</i> myschyffe +spylle,</p> +<p>But that this erthe in this erthe be eu<i>er</i> worchyng<i>e</i> thy +wylle,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>So that this erthe fro þ<i>is</i> erthe may stye vp to thy hylle.</p> + +<p class = "stanza deep">Amen.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b9_1" id = "note_b9_1" href = "#tag_b9_1">1.</a> +<i>Final <em>n</em> is uniformly written <em>n~</em> in this text +excepting in the word <em>in</em>. Final <em>d</em> is frequently +written <em>d~</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b9_2" id = "note_b9_2" href = "#tag_b9_2">2, 3.</a> +<i>added above the line.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b9_4" id = "note_b9_4" href = "#tag_b9_4">4.</a> +<i>The first words in ll. 11, 14, 15 seem to have been freshened +up.</i></p> +</div> + + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_10" id = "poemB_10">10.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Lambeth 853.</span> c. +1430-1450.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 35.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza">Whanne liif is moost loued, and deeþ is moost +hatid:</p> +<p>Þanne dooþ deeþ drawe his drawȝt, & makiþ ma<i>n</i> ful +nakid.</p> +<p class = "indent6">De terra plasmasti me, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">4</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erþe out of erþe is wondirly wrouȝt,</p> +<p>Erþe of erþe haþ gete a dignyte of nouȝt,</p> +<p>Erþe upo<i>n</i> erþe haþ sett al his þouȝt,</p> +<p>How þat erþe upon erþe may be hiȝ brouȝt.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">8</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erþe upon erþe wold he be a king;</p> +<p>B<i>u</i>t how erþe schal to erþe þenkiþ he no [fol. 36] þing;</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i>ne þat erþe biddiþ erþe hise rentis hom bring,</p> +<p>Þan schal erþe out of erþe haue a piteuous parting.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">12</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erþe vpon erþe wy<i>n</i>neþ castels & touris,</p> +<p>Þan seiþ erþe to erþe: ‘Now is þis al houris’.</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i>ne erþe upon erþe haþ biggid up hise boure[s],</p> +<p>Þanne schal erþe upo<i>n</i> erþe suffir scharpe schouris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">16</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erþe gooth vpon erþe as molde upon molde,</p> +<p>So gooth erþe upon erþe al gliteringe in golde,</p> +<p>Like as erþe vnto erþe neu<i>er</i>e go schulde,</p> +<p>And ȝit schal erþe vnto erthe raþ<i>er</i> þan he wolde.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page15" id = "page15">15</a></span> +<p class = "stanza linenum">20</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +O þ<i>o</i>u wrecchid erþe þat on erþe traueilist nyȝt and day,</p> +<p>To florische þe erþe, to peynte þe erþe wit<i>h</i> wantowne +aray,</p> +<p>Ȝit schal þou erþe for al þi erþe, make þou it neu<i>er</i>e so +queynte & gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 37.]</p> +<p>Out of þis erþe in-to þe erþe, þ<i>er</i>e to clinge as a clot of +clay.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">24</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +O wrecchid man whi art þ<i>o</i>u proud, þat art of þe erþe makid?</p> +<p>Hid<i>er</i> brouȝttist þou no schroud, but poore come þou and +nakid.</p> +<p>Whanne þi soule is went out, & þi bodi in erþe rakid,</p> +<p>Þan þi bodi þat was rank & undeuout, of alle men is bihatid.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">28</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Out of þis erþe cam to þis erþe þis wrecchid garnement;</p> +<p>To hide þis erþe, to happe þis erþe, to hi<i>m</i> was cloþinge +lente;</p> +<p>Now gooþ erþe upon erþe, ruli raggid and rent,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>fore schal erþe vndir þe erþe haue hidiose turment.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">32</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Whi þat erþe to myche loueþ erþe wondir me þink,</p> +<p>Or whi þat erþe for sup<i>er</i>flue erþe to sore sweete wole or +swynk;</p> +<p>Ffor wha<i>n</i>ne þat erþe upo<i>n</i> erþe is brouȝt +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>i<i>n</i>ne þe brink,</p> +<p>Þan schal erþe of þe erþe haue a rewful swynk.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">36</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +Lo erþe upon erþe considere þou may,</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 38.]</p> +<p>How erþe comeþ i<i>n</i>to erþe nakid al way,</p> +<p>Whi schulde erþe upon erþe go now so stoute or gay,</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i>ne erþe schal passe out of erþe in so poore aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Wolde God þ<i>er</i>fore þis erþe, while þat he is upon this erþe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p class = "indent3">Vpon þis wolde he<i>r</i>tili þinke,</p> +<p>& how þe erþe out of þe erþe schal haue his aȝen-risynge,</p> +<p>And þis erþe for þis erþe schal ȝeelde streite rekenyng;</p> +<p>Schulde neu<i>er</i>e þan þis erþe for þis erþe mysplese heuene +king.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">44</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Þerfore þou erþe upon erþe put so wickidli hast wrouȝt,</p> +<p>While þat þou erþe art upon erþe turne aȝen þi þouȝt,</p> +<p>And praie to þat God upo<i>n</i> erþe þat al þe erþe haþ wrouȝt,</p> +<p>Þat þou erþe upon erþe to blis may be brouȝt.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page16" id = "page16">16</a></span> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">48</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +O þou Lord þat madist þis erþe for þis erþe & suffridist heere +peynes ille,</p> +<p>Lete neu<i>er</i>e þis erþe for þis erþe myscheue ne spille,</p> +<p>But þat þis erþe on þis [fol. 39] erþe be eu<i>er</i>e worchinge þi +wille,</p> +<p>So þ<i>a</i>t þis erþe from þis erþe may stie up to þin hiȝ +hille.</p> + +<p class = "stanza deep">Amen.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">52</p> +<p class = "stanza">Memento homo quod cinis es, et i<i>n</i> +cinere<i>m</i> reu<i>er</i>teris,</p> +<p>Ffac bene dum viuis. post mortem viu<i>er</i>e si uis.</p> +<p>Tangere qui gaudet. meretricem qualiter audet.</p> +<p>Palmis pollutis. regem tractare salutis.</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p>Credo in deum patrem omnipotentem.</p> + +</div> + +<p class = "center"> +(<i>Here follows the Creed in English verse.</i>)</p> + + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_11" id = "poemB_11">11.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Laud Misc.</span> 23. Before +1450.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 111, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p>Whan lyf is moost louyd & deeþ is moost hatyd:</p> +<p>Thanne deeth drawyth his draut and makith man ful nakid.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe out of erthe is wo<i>n</i>dirly wrouȝt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Erthe of the erthe hath gete a dignyte of nowth<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Erthe vp-on e<i>r</i>the hath set al his thouȝt</p> +<p>How that erthe vp-on erthe may be hyȝ browth.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe vp-on erthe wolde be a kyng;</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>But how erthe shal to erthe thinkiþ he no thi<i>n</i>g;</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i> that erthe biddeth erthe his rentys hoom bring,</p> +<p>Thanne shal erthe out of the erthe haue a pet<i>ous</i> partyng.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page17" id = "page17">17</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe vp-on erthe wynnyth castellis and towris<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b11_1" id = "tag_b11_1" href = "#note_b11_1">1</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Tha<i>n</i>ne seith erthe to erthe: ‘This is al owris.’</p> +<p>Whan erthe vp-on erthe hath biggid alle his bouris,</p> +<p>Thanne shal erthe for erthe suffre sharp showris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe gooth up-on erthe as moolde vp-on moolde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>So gooth erthe vp-on erthe al gleteryng in goolde,</p> +<p>Like as erthe vn-to erthe neu<i>er</i>e goo<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b11_2" id = "tag_b11_2" href = "#note_b11_2">2</a> shulde;</p> +<p>Yit shal erthe vnto erþe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b11_3" id = +"tag_b11_3" href = "#note_b11_3">3</a> rather<i>e</i> than he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +O thou wrecchid erthe, that on the erthe [fol. 112, <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘2^o’">r<sup>o</sup></ins>] traueylist +nyȝt and day,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>To florissh<i>e</i> the erthe, to peynte the erthe wyth wantone +a-ray;</p> +<p>Ȝit shal thow erthe, for all<i>e</i> thyn erthe, make thow it +neu<i>er</i> so queynt & gay,</p> +<p>Out of the erthe in-to the erthe, ther to clynge as clot of clay.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +O wrecchide man whi art thow p<i>r</i>ude, that art of erthe makid?</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Hidir broutyst thow no shroude, but por<i>e</i> cam thow & +nakid.</p> +<p>Whan thi soule is went out, & thi body in erthe rakid,</p> +<p>Tha<i>n</i>ne thi body that was rank and louyd of alle men, is +hatyd.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Out of the erthe cam to this erthe his wantyng garneme<i>n</i>t;</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>To hyde this erthe, to wrappe this erthe, to him was clothing +lent;</p> +<p>Now gooth erthe up-on erthe, ruly raggid and rent,</p> +<p>Therfor shal erthe vndir erthe haue hidous turme<i>n</i>t.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Whi that erthe louyth erthe wondir me thinke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Or whi that erthe for erthe swete wole or swinke;</p> +<p>Ffor whan that erthe up-on the erthe is brouȝt wyth-i<i>n</i>ne the +brinke,</p> +<p>Thanne shal erthe of the erthe haue a rewfull<i>e</i> stinke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "finger"> +<img src = "images/finger.gif" width = "30" height = "13" +alt = "-->" /></span> +<span class = "stanza">9</span> +Lo erthe up-on erthe consider thow may,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>How erthe in-to the erthe comyth nakid al-way,</p> +<p>Whi shuld erthe vp-on erthe go stout [fol. 112, v<sup>o</sup>] or +gay,</p> +<p>Wha<i>n</i> erthe shal passe out of erthe in a por<i>e</i> aray?</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page18" id = "page18">18</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Wolde therfor<i>e</i> this erthe on this erthe, on this hertly +thinke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>How that erthe out of the erthe shal haue risynge,</p> +<p>And thus erthe for erthe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b11_4" id = +"tag_b11_4" href = "#note_b11_4">4</a> yeelde shal streyt rikenynge,</p> +<p>Shulde neuer<i>e</i> erthe for erthe mysplese heuene kyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Thow erthe up-on erthe, that wickydly hast wrout,</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>While that erthe is vp-on erthe, turne a-ȝen thi thout,</p> +<p>And preye to God vp-on erthe, that alle the erthe hath wrouȝt,</p> +<p>That erthe vp-on erthe to blisse may be brouȝt.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +Lord God that erthe madist & for the erthe suffredist peynys +ille,</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p>Lete neu<i>er</i>e þis erþe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b11_5" id = +"tag_b11_5" href = "#note_b11_5">5</a> for this erthe myscheue ne +spille,</p> +<p>But that this erthe in this erthe be eu<i>er</i>e worching thi +wille,</p> +<p>So that erthe fro this erthe stye up on thyn hyȝe hille. Amen.</p> +<p>p<i>ar</i> charite, God it graunte that it so be.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">52</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "finger"> +<img src = "images/finger.gif" width = "30" height = "13" +alt = "-->" /></span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b11_6" id = "tag_b11_6" href = +"#note_b11_6">6</a>Tange<i>re</i> qui gaudes m<i>er</i>etricem +qualit<i>er</i> audes<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b11_7" id = +"tag_b11_7" href = "#note_b11_7">7</a>.</p> +<p>Palmis pollutis regem tractar<i>e</i> salutis.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>The poem</i> Whi is the wor[l]d belouyd that fals is and veyn, +<i>follows immediately.</i>)</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b11_1" id = "note_b11_1" href = "#tag_b11_1">1.</a> +<i><em>towris</em> added in margin by the same hand.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_2" id = "note_b11_2" href = "#tag_b11_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>goo ne</em>; <em>ne</em> crossed out, and marked +<em>ṇẹ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_3" id = "note_b11_3" href = "#tag_b11_3">3.</a> +<i><em>vnto erþe</em> inserted in red above the line.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_4" id = "note_b11_4" href = "#tag_b11_4">4.</a> +<i><em>for erthe</em> repeated and crossed out in red.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_5" id = "note_b11_5" href = "#tag_b11_5">5.</a> +<i><em>þis erþe</em> added above the line, <em>erþe</em> in red.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_6" id = "note_b11_6" href = "#tag_b11_6">6.</a> +<i>In left margin <em>de sac<i>er</i>dotib<i>us</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b11_7" id = "note_b11_7" href = "#tag_b11_7">7.</a> +<i>in right margin <em>h<i>oc</i> in decretis</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page19" id = "page19">19</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_12" id = "poemB_12">12.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Cotton Titus A.</span> xxvi. 15th +century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 153, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe oute of erthe is wondirly wroght,</p> +<p>Erthe of þe erthe hathe goten a dyngnyte of noght,</p> +<p>Erthe vpon erthe hathe set all<i>e</i> hys thovght</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Houe erthe vpon erthe maye be hyghe broght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe vpon erthe wolde be a kyng;</p> +<p>Bot how erthe shall<i>e</i> to erthe thynkethe he nothyng;</p> +<p>Whan that erthe biddethe erthe hys rentis hom to bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than shall<i>e</i> erthe oute of erthe haue a pytous +p<i>ar</i>tyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Whan erthe vpon erthe wynythe casteles & tourys,</p> +<p>Than says erthe to erthe: ‘Þys is all<i>e</i> ourys’.</p> +<p>And whan erthe vpon erthe hathe byggid hys bourys,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than shall<i>e</i> erthe vpon erthe suffer sharpe shoures.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe gothe vpon erthe as molde vpon molde<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b12_1" id = "tag_b12_1" href = "#note_b12_1">1</a>,</p> +<p>So gothe erthe vpon erthe all<i>e</i> glytryng in golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe into erthe never goo sholde;</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>And y<i>e</i>t shal<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b12_2" id = +"tag_b12_2" href = "#note_b12_2">2</a> erthe in to erthe rathar then he +wolde.</p> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 153, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +O thou wreched erthe that on erthe trauayles nyght & daye</p> +<p>To fflorysshe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b12_3" id = "tag_b12_3" +href = "#note_b12_3">3</a> and paynt þe erthe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wanton +araye;</p> +<p>Y<i>e</i>t sshalle þou, erthe, for all<i>e</i> thy erthe, make +þ<i>o</i>u it neu<i>er</i> so queynt or gaye,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Oute of thys erthe in to erthe to klyng as clot in claye.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +O wrechyd man, why<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b12_4" id = "tag_b12_4" +href = "#note_b12_4">4</a> art þ<i>o</i>u<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b12_5" id = "tag_b12_5" href = "#note_b12_5">5</a> prowde that of +erth art maked,</p> +<p>And hyder thou broght no shrowde, bot pore com and nakyd?</p> +<p>Lewe thy syne and lyffe in ryght,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>And than shalt thou lyffe in heuyn as a knyght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><i>Final <em>n</em> is written <em>n~</em> as a rule in this text, so +<em>m~</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b12_1" id = "note_b12_1" href = "#tag_b12_1">1.</a> +<i>MS. <em>moldee</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b12_2" id = "note_b12_2" href = "#tag_b12_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>shal do</em> or <em>de</em>, the second word crossed +out.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b12_3" id = "note_b12_3" href = "#tag_b12_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. <em>To fflorysshe þe erthe</em>, the last two words crossed out, +cf. MS. Lambeth, <em>v. 5</em>, MS. Rawl. Poet., <em>v. 15</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b12_4" id = "note_b12_4" href = "#tag_b12_4">4.</a> +<i>MS. <em>why at</em>, <em>at</em> crossed out.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b12_5" id = "note_b12_5" href = "#tag_b12_5">5.</a> +<i>MS. <em>þ<sup>t</sup></em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page20" id = "page20">20</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_13" id = "poemB_13">13.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Rawlinson Poetical 32.</span> After +1450.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 32, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "center">A descripture alchimicall of erthe & the nature +of man<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b13_1" id = "tag_b13_1" href = +"#note_b13_1">1</a>.</p> + +<div class = "narrow"> +<p class = "stanza">Whanne life is most louyd,</p> +<p>And deth is most hatid,</p> +<p>Deth drawith his drauȝte</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>And makith a man nakid.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe oute of erthe</p> +<p>Is wonderly wrouȝte;</p> +<p>Erthe hath of the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Ȝetyn a dignite of noughte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe a-pon erthe</p> +<p>Hath set alle his thoughte</p> +<p>How erthe apon erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>May be hiere y-broughte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe a-pon erthe</p> +<p>Wolde be made a kyng,</p> +<p>How erthe schal to erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Thynkyng no thyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Whanne erthe biddith erthe</p> +<p>Than he his rente hom brynge,</p> +<p>Thanne schal erthe for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Haue a petous partynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Whanne erthe apon erthe</p> +<p>Hath billid al his bowris,</p> +<p>Thanne schalle erthe for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Suffre ful harde schowris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 33, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Erthe a-pon erthe</p> +<p>Wynnyth castellis and towris.</p> +<p>Thanne saithe erthe to erthe:</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>‘This is alle owris’.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Erthe gothe apon erthe</p> +<p>As molde a-pon molde,</p> +<p>Erthe gothe apon erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Gleteryng alle in golde,</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page21" id = "page21">21</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +As thouh erthe to erthe</p> +<p>Neu<i>er</i> a-yen go schulde,</p> +<p>But yit schal erthe to þ<i>e</i> erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>Rather thanne he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +Oute of the erthe cam the erthe</p> +<p>Wantynge his garnament,</p> +<p>To hide the erthe, to lappe the erthe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>To hym was clothing y-lent.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Now goth the erthe apon erthe</p> +<p>Disgesily ragged and to-rent,</p> +<p>Therfore schal erthe vnder erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>Suffer ful grete turment.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Whi that erþe loueþ erthe</p> +<p>Wonder y may thinke,</p> +<p>Or whi that erthe for the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p>Unresonably swete wol or swynke,</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 33, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +Ffor whanne erthe vnder erthe</p> +<p>Is brouȝte withynne brynke,</p> +<p>Thanne schal erthe of the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">52</p> +<p>Haue an oribyll stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">13</span> +Yif erthe wold of erthe</p> +<p>Thus hartily haue thynkynge,</p> +<p>And how erthe out of erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p>Shal at last haue risynge,</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">14</span> +Thanne schal erthe for erthe</p> +<p>Yelde riht streite rekenynge,</p> +<p>Thanne schuld [erthe] for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">60</p> +<p>Neuer mys-plese heuene kynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">15</span> +Thow wrecchid erthe þ<i>a</i>t thus for erthe</p> +<p>Trauelist nyht and day</p> +<p>To florische the erthe, to paynte the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">64</p> +<p>With thi wanton array,</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">16</span> +Yit schalt thou erthe for alle thi erthe,</p> +<p>Make thou neuer so gay,</p> +<p>Ffor thi erthe in to erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">68</p> +<p>Clynge as clotte in clay.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page22" id = "page22">22</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">17</span> +Thinke now erthe how thou in erthe</p> +<p>Goist euer in dethis<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b13_2" id = +"tag_b13_2" href = "#note_b13_2">2</a> grace,</p> +<p>And thanne thou erthe for the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">72</p> +<p>Shalt neuer stryue ne race.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 34, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">18</span> +Bute for thou erthe with thi erthe</p> +<p>Hauntist enuye and hate,</p> +<p>Therefor schal erthe for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">76</p> +<p>Be excludid from heuene gate.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">19</span> +Ffowle erthe whi louyst thou erthe</p> +<p>That is thi dedly foo,</p> +<p>And bildist on erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">80</p> +<p>As thou schuldist dwelle euer moo?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">20</span> +But thou erthe forsake the erthe,</p> +<p>Or that thou hennys goo,</p> +<p>Vnder erthe for lust of erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">84</p> +<p>Thou schalt haue sorow and woo.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">21</span> +Whiles erthe may in erthe</p> +<p>To festis and to drynkis gon,</p> +<p>Til the be made frome the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">88</p> +<p>As bare as any bon.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">22</span> +Thanne if erthe comyth to erthe</p> +<p>Makyng sorow and mone,</p> +<p>Thanne saith erthe to the erthe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">92</p> +<p>‘Thou were a felow, but now art thou none’.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">23</span> +Thus the erthe queytith the erthe</p> +<p>That doith to him seruyse,</p> +<p>Or tristyn on erthe, or plese the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">96</p> +<p>In any maner wise.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 34, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">24</span> +Therfor thou erthe be ware of erthe</p> +<p>And thou the wele auyse,</p> +<p>Lest thou erthe p<i>er</i>ische for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">100</p> +<p>By-fore the hihe iustyse.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page23" id = "page23">23</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">25</span> +Ffor the erthe was made of erthe</p> +<p>At the first begynnynge,</p> +<p>That erthe schuld labour the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">104</p> +<p>In trowthe and sore swynkynge;</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">26</span> +But now erthe lyueth in erthe</p> +<p>With falshode and begilynge,</p> +<p>Therfor schal erthe for erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">108</p> +<p>Be punsched in payne euerlastynge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">27</span> +But erthe forsake the erthe</p> +<p>And alle his falshede,</p> +<p>And of the erthe restore the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">112</p> +<p>Goodis that ben mys-gete,</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">28</span> +Or that erthe be doluyn in erthe</p> +<p>And vnder fote y-trede,</p> +<p>Ffor synne of erthe, þ<i>a</i>t hath do in erthe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">116</p> +<p>Fful sore he schalle be bete.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">29</span> +Drede thou erthe while thou in erthe</p> +<p>Hast witte & resoune at thi wille,</p> +<p>That, erthe, for loue of erthe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">120</p> +<p>Thi soule thou nougth spille.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 35, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">30</span> +And thou erthe, repente the in erthe</p> +<p>Of alle that thou hast don ille,</p> +<p>And thanne schalt thou, erthe apon erthe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">124</p> +<p>Goddis biddyngis fulfille.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">31</span> +Lord God that erthe tokist in erthe,</p> +<p>And suffredist paynes ful stille,</p> +<p>Late neuer erthe for the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">128</p> +<p>In dedly synne ne spille,</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">32</span> +But that erthe in this erthe</p> +<p>Be doynge euer thi wille,</p> +<p>So that erthe for the erthe</p> +<p class = "linenum">132</p> +<p>Stye vp to thi holy hille. Amen. S. J.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b13_1" id = "note_b13_1" href = "#tag_b13_1">1.</a> +<i>Added in a later hand, probably 16th century.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b13_2" id = "note_b13_2" href = "#tag_b13_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>deth is</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page24" id = "page24">24</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_14" id = "poemB_14">14.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Porkington 10.</span> 15th +century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 79, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_1" id = "tag_b14_1" href = +"#note_b14_1">1</a>Erthe vppo<i>n</i> erth<i>e</i> is +wo<i>u</i>ndyr<i>e</i>ly wro<i>u</i>ȝte;</p> +<p>Erthe vppo<i>n</i> erthe has set al his þouȝte<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b14_2" id = "tag_b14_2" href = "#note_b14_2">2</a></p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 80, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p>How erthe vppo<i>n</i> erth to erthe schall<i>e</i> be<a class = +"tag" name = "tag_b14_3" id = "tag_b14_3" href = "#note_b14_3">3</a> +brouȝte;</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Ther is no<i>n</i>e vppo<i>n</i> erth has hit in þouȝte.<a class = +"tag" name = "tag_b14_4" id = "tag_b14_4" href = "#note_b14_2">4</a></p> +<p class = "deep">Take hede!</p> +<p>Whoso þinkyse on<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_5" id = "tag_b14_5" +href = "#note_b14_5">5</a> his end<i>e</i>, ful well<i>e</i> schal he +sped<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth wold<i>e</i> be a kynge;</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>How erth schal to erthe he þink<i>is</i> no þinge.</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> erth byddyþ erth his rent who<i>m</i>e brynge,</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> schal erth fro þe erth have a hard<i>e</i> parttynge,</p> +<p class = "deep">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> care;</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Ffor erth vppo<i>n</i> erþe wott<i>is</i> neu<i>er</i> we<i>r</i> +þ<i>er</i>for to far<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth wy<i>n</i>nis castyll<i>is</i> & tovris.</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> sayþe erth to erth: ‘Al þ<i>i</i>s is ourus’.</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> erth vpp<i>on</i> erth has bylde al his bovres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> schal erth fro þe erth soffyr<i>e</i> scharpe +schorrys,</p> +<p class = "deep">And<i>e</i> smarte.</p> +<p>Ma<i>n</i>, amend<i>e</i> þe betyme, þi lyfe ys but a starte.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth gose on erth as mold<i>e</i> vpon<i>ne</i> molde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Lyke as erth to þe erth neu<i>er</i> a-gayne schold<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Erth gose on erth glytteryng in gold<i>e</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b14_6" id = "tag_b14_6" href = "#note_b14_6">6</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 80, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p>Ȝet shale erth to þe erth, raþ<i>er</i> þe<i>n</i> he wolde.</p> +<p class = "deep">Be owris!</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Ȝefe þi alm<i>is</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi hand<i>e</i>. Trust to no +secatovrs.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why þ<i>a</i>t erth louis erþe merwel me þinke,</p> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_7" id = "tag_b14_7" href = +"#note_b14_7">7</a>Or why erth vppo<i>n</i> erth wyl swet or swinke,</p> +<p><a class = "tag" href = "#note_b14_7">7</a>Ffor whe<i>n</i> erth +vppo<i>n</i> erth is bro<i>u</i>þt to þe brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> schal erth frov þe erth have a fovl stynke</p> +<p class = "deep">To smele,</p> +<p>Wars þe<i>n</i> þe caryo<i>n</i> þ<i>a</i>t lyis in þe fele.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page25" id = "page25">25</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo, erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, co<i>n</i>sayfe þ<i>i</i>s þ<i>o</i>u +maye,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>That þ<i>o</i>u co<i>m</i>mys frome þe erth nakyd<i>e</i> +alway[<i>e</i>];</p> +<p>How schuld<i>e</i> erth vppo<i>n</i> erth soe<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b14_8" id = "tag_b14_8" href = "#note_b14_8">8</a> prod<i>e</i> or +gaye,</p> +<p>Sen<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_9" id = "tag_b14_9" href = +"#note_b14_9">9</a> erth v<i>n</i>to erth schal pase i<i>n</i> symple +araye,</p> +<p class = "deep">Unclad<i>e</i>?</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>Cloth þe nakyd whyl þ<i>o</i>u may, for so Gode þe bade.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, me þinkyȝ þe ful blynd<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>That on erth ryches to set al<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_10" id += "tag_b14_10" href = "#note_b14_10">10</a> þi mynd<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>In þe gospel wrytty<i>n</i>e exampul I fynde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>The pore went to heyuy<i>n</i>, þe rych to hel I fynd<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class = "deep">W<i>i</i>tt skyle:</p> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 81, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p>The co<i>m</i>mandment<i>is</i> of God<i>e</i> wold<i>e</i> he not +fulfyle.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, deyle duly thy goode</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>To þe por<i>e</i> pepul þ<i>a</i>t favtt pe þi fovde,</p> +<p>Ffor þe loue of þi Lord<i>e</i>, þ<i>a</i>t rent was on þe roode,</p> +<p>And<i>e</i> for þi loue on þe crose sched his<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b14_11" id = "tag_b14_11" href = "#note_b14_11">11</a> hart +blode,—</p> +<p class = "deep">Go rede!—</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p> nW<i>i</i>ttovte a<i>n</i>ny place to reste on his hede.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, take tent to my steyuyne;</p> +<p>Whyl þ<i>o</i>u leuyst, fulfyle þe w<i>er</i>kys of mercy vij.</p> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u lete, for oode ne for ewyne,</p> +<p class = "linenum">52</p> +<p>Ffor þo by<i>n</i>e þe werk<i>is</i> þat helpyne vs to +heyuy<i>n</i>e,</p> +<p class = "deep">In haste.</p> +<p>Tho ded<i>is</i> who so dose þar, hy<i>m</i>e neu<i>er</i> be +agaste.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, be þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>er</i> so gaye,</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p>Thow moue<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_12" id = "tag_b14_12" href += "#note_b14_12">12</a> wend<i>e</i> of þ<i>i</i>s world<i>e</i> an +vnreydy waye;</p> +<p>Turne þe betyme, whyle þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u maye,</p> +<p>Leste it lede þe into hele, to logege þ<i>er</i> for<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b14_13" id = "tag_b14_13" href = "#note_b14_13">13</a> +ay,</p> +<p class = "deep">In pyne;</p> +<p class = "linenum">60</p> +<p>Ffor þ<i>er</i> is noþ<i>er</i> to gett bred<i>e</i>, ale, ne +wyne.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page26" id = "page26">26</a></span> +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 81, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Erth vppo<i>n</i> erth, God<i>e</i> ȝeyf þe grace,</p> +<p>Whyle þ<i>o</i>u leuuyst vppo<i>n</i> erth, to purway þe a place</p> +<p>In heywy<i>n</i> to dweyll<i>e</i>, whyl þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u hast +space;</p> +<p class = "linenum">64</p> +<p>That myrthe for to myse it w<i>er</i> a karful case.</p> +<p class = "deep">Ffor whye?</p> +<p>That myrth is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>owtty<i>n</i> end<i>e</i>, I tel þe +securlye.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +I co<i>n</i>cele erth vppo<i>n</i> erth þ<i>a</i>t wykyd<i>e</i>ly has +wroȝte,</p> +<p class = "linenum">68</p> +<p>Whyl erth is on erth, to torn all<i>e</i> his þovȝte,</p> +<p>And<i>e</i> pray to Gode vppo<i>n</i> erth, þ<i>a</i>t al mad<i>e</i> +of nov[ȝte]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_14" id = "tag_b14_14" href = +"#note_b14_14">14</a>,</p> +<p>That erth owte of erth to blys may be bovȝte<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b14_15" id = "tag_b14_15" href = "#note_b14_15">15</a></p> +<p class = "deep">W<i>i</i>tt myȝthe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b14_16" +id = "tag_b14_16" href = "#note_b14_16">16</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">72</p> +<p>Thorow helpe Jh<i>e</i>su Cryst þ<i>a</i>t was our<i>e</i> +lad<i>is</i> byrthe.</p> +<p class = "indent6">Do for þiself.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b14_1" id = "note_b14_1" href = "#tag_b14_1">1.</a> +<i>Cf. Halliwell, Early Eng. Misc. in Prose and Verse, printed for the +Warton Club, <em>1855, p. 39</em>, Fiedler, Mod. Lang. Review, +<em><span class = "smallroman">III.</span> iii. 225</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_2" id = "note_b14_2" href = "#tag_b14_2">2, +4.</a> +<i>MS. <em>þoũȝte</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_3" id = "note_b14_3" href = "#tag_b14_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. <em>bo</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_5" id = "note_b14_5" href = "#tag_b14_5">5.</a> +<i>MS. <em>oñ</em>, <em>on~</em>, throughout.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_6" id = "note_b14_6" href = "#tag_b14_6">6.</a> +<i>MS. <em>in ĩ gold<i>e</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_7" id = "note_b14_7" href = "#tag_b14_7">7.</a> +<i>These two lines are transposed in the MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_8" id = "note_b14_8" href = "#tag_b14_8">8.</a> +<i>MS. <em>soe</em>, Halliwell <em>soe</em>, Fiedler +<em>goe</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_9" id = "note_b14_9" href = "#tag_b14_9">9.</a> +<i>MS. <em>señ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_10" id = "note_b14_10" href = +"#tag_b14_10">10.</a> +<i>H. <em>setal</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_11" id = "note_b14_11" href = +"#tag_b14_11">11.</a> +<i>H. F. <em>schedhis</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_12" id = "note_b14_12" href = +"#tag_b14_12">12.</a> +<i>MS. <em>mõu</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_13" id = "note_b14_13" href = +"#tag_b14_13">13.</a> +<i>MS. <em>þ<sup>r</sup>for</em>, H. F. <em>therefor</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_14" id = "note_b14_14" href = +"#tag_b14_14">14.</a> +<i>MS. only <em>nov</em> now legible.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_15" id = "note_b14_15" href = +"#tag_b14_15">15.</a> +<i>MS. <em>bovȝte</em>, Halliwell <em>bouȝt</em>, Fiedler +<em>brouȝt</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b14_16" id = "note_b14_16" href = +"#tag_b14_16">16.</a> +<i>MS. Halliwell <em>myȝthe</em>, probably erroneous for +<em>myrthe</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page27" id = "page27">27</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_15" id = "poemB_15">15.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Balliol 354.</span> Before +1504.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 207, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "center">(Richard Hill’s Commonplace-Book.)</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erth owt of erth is worldly wrowght,</p> +<p>Erth hath gote<i>n</i> oppo<i>n</i> erth a dygnite of nowght,</p> +<p>Erth vpon erth hath<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b15_1" id = +"tag_b15_1" href = "#note_b15_1">1</a> set all his thowght,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How þ<i>a</i>t erth vpon erth myght be hye browght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erth vpon erth wold be a kyng,</p> +<p>But how þ<i>a</i>t erth shall to erth, he thy<i>n</i>kith no +thyng;</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> erth biddith erth his rent<i>es</i><a class = "tag" name += "tag_b15_2" id = "tag_b15_2" href = "#note_b15_2">2</a> home +bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> shall erth for erth haue a hard p<i>ar</i>tyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erth vpon erth wy<i>n</i>neth castl<i>les</i><a class = "tag" href = +"#note_b15_2">2</a> & towres,</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> seyth erth vnto erth: ‘Þis is all owres’;</p> +<p>But whe<i>n</i> erth vpo<i>n</i> erth hath bildyd his bowres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Tha<i>n</i> shall erth for erth suffre hard showres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erth vpon erth hath welth vpon molde,</p> +<p>Erth goth vpon erth glydryng all i<i>n</i> golde,</p> +<p>Like as he vnto erth neu<i>er</i> torn shuld;</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>& yet shal erth vnto erth son<i>er</i> tha<i>n</i> he wold.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why þ<i>a</i>t erth loweth erth, wonder<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b15_3" id = "tag_b15_3" href = "#note_b15_3">3</a> I thynk;</p> +<p>Or why þ<i>a</i>t erth will for erth swet or swynk;</p> +<p>For wha<i>n</i> erth vpon erth is browght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in þe +brynk,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than shall erth for erth suffre a fowle stynk.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +As erth vpon erth were þe worthyes ix,</p> +<p>& as erth vpon erth i<i>n</i> honour dide shyne;</p> +<p>But erthe liste not to know how þei shuld enclyn,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>& þ<i>er</i> crow<i>n</i>nys leyd i<i>n</i> erth, wha<i>n</i> +deth hath made hys fyne.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page28" id = "page28">28</a></span> +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 208, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +As erth vpon erth, full<i>e</i> worthy was Josue,</p> +<p>Dauyd þe worthy kyng, Judas Machabe;</p> +<p>They were but erth vpon erth, no<i>n</i> of the<i>m</i> thre,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>And so fro<i>m</i> erth vnto erth þei loste þ<i>er</i> dignite.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Alisand<i>er</i> was but erth, þ<i>a</i>t all the world wan,</p> +<p>& Ector vpon erth was hold a worthy ma<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>& Julius Cesar þ<i>a</i>t þe empire first be-gan;</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>& now, as erth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in erth, þei lye pale & +wan.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +Arthur was but erth, for all his renown;</p> +<p>No more was kyng Charlis, ne Godfrey of Bolown;</p> +<p>But now erth hath t<i>o</i>rned þ<i>er</i> noblenes vpsodown;</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>& thus erth goth to erth, by short co<i>n</i>clusion.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Who so rekyn also of Will<i>iam</i> Conquerowr<i>e</i><a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b15_4" id = "tag_b15_4" href = "#note_b15_4">4</a>,</p> +<p>Kyng Harry þe first, þ<i>a</i>t was of knyghthode flowr<i>e</i><a +class = "tag" href = "#note_b15_4">4</a>;</p> +<p>Erth hath closed the<i>m</i> ful streytly i<i>n</i> his +bowr<i>e</i><a class = "tag" href = "#note_b15_4">4</a>;</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>Loo, the ende of worthynes! here is no more socowr<i>e</i><a class = +"tag" href = "#note_b15_4">4</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Now thei þ<i>a</i>t leve vpon erth, both yong & old,</p> +<p>Thynk how ye shall to erth, be ye neu<i>er</i> so bold;</p> +<p>Ye be vnsiker, wheþ<i>er</i> it be i<i>n</i> hete or cold,</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>Like as yo<i>u</i>r brether<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b15_5" id = +"tag_b15_5" href = "#note_b15_5">5</a> did beffore, as I haue told.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +Now ye folk þ<i>a</i>t be here, ye may not long endure,</p> +<p>But þ<i>a</i>t ye shall torn to erth, I do you ensure;</p> +<p>& yf ye lyst of þe trewth to se a playn fugure,</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p>Go to seynt Powlis, & see þ<i>er</i> the portratowr<i>e</i><a +class = "tag" href = "#note_b15_4">4</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">13</span> +All ys erth, & shall be erth, as it shew<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ther,</p> +<p><a class = "tag" name = "tag_b15_6" id = "tag_b15_6" href = +"#note_b15_6">6</a>Þ<i>er</i>-for, or dredfull deth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +his dart you dere,</p> +<p>& for to torn i<i>n</i> to erth, no ma<i>n</i> shall it +forbere,</p> +<p class = "linenum">52</p> +<p>Wisely pu<i>r</i>vey you beffore, & þ<i>er</i>-of haue no +fere.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">14</span> +Now, sith by deth we shal al pas, it is to vs c<i>er</i>teyn,</p> +<p>For of þe erth we co<i>m</i> all, & to þe erth shall torn +agayn;</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-for to strive of grucche it were but i<i>n</i> vayn,</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p>For all is erth, & shall be erth, no thyng more +c<i>er</i>tayn.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page29" id = "page29">29</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">15</span> +Now erth vppon erth, co<i>n</i>sydre thow may,</p> +<p>How erth co<i>m</i>meth to erth nakyd all way.</p> +<p>Why shuld erth vpon erth go stowt or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">60</p> +<p>Sith erth owt of erth shall passe in pore a-ray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">16</span> +I co<i>n</i>saill you vpon erth þ<i>a</i>t wikkidly haue wrowght,</p> +<p>Whill þ<i>a</i>t erth is on erth, torn vp yo<i>u</i>r thowght,</p> +<p>& pray to God vppon erth, þ<i>a</i>t all þe erth hath +wrowght,</p> +<p class = "linenum">64</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t erth owt of erth to blis may be browght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza deep">Amen.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><i>Cf. Roman Dyboski, E.E.T.S. extra ser. ci <em>(1907), +p. 90</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_1" id = "note_b15_1" href = "#tag_b15_1">1.</a> +<i>D. erron. <em>hat[h]</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_2" id = "note_b15_2" href = "#tag_b15_2">2.</a> +<i>D. reads <em>rentes</em>, <em>castlles</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_3" id = "note_b15_3" href = "#tag_b15_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. <em>worder</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_4" id = "note_b15_4" href = "#tag_b15_4">4.</a> +<i>D. reads <em>-owr</em> throughout.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_5" id = "note_b15_5" href = "#tag_b15_5">5.</a> +<i>D. erron. <em>brother</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b15_6" id = "note_b15_6" href = "#tag_b15_6">6.</a> +<i>Line 50 would be better placed after l. 51.</i></p> +</div> + + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_16" id = "poemB_16">16.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Harleian 984.</span> 16th +century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 72, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b16_1" id = "tag_b16_1" href = +"#note_b16_1">1</a>How schuld<i>e</i> erthe vpon erthe be prud & +gay</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> erthe schal to erthe in so por<i>e</i> aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I consell erthe vpon erthe þ<i>a</i>t wikyd hade wroȝt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Whyle erthe ys apon erthe to tu<i>r</i>ne al his þoȝt,</p> +<p>And<i>e</i> p<i>r</i>ay to God þ<i>a</i>t al þe world wroȝt<a class = +"tag" name = "tag_b16_2" id = "tag_b16_2" href = "#note_b16_2">2</a></p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t erthe out of erthe to blesse may be broȝt.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b16_1" id = "note_b16_1" href = "#tag_b16_1">1.</a> +<i>The previous leaf of the MS., which evidently contained the beginning +of the poem, has been torn out.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b16_2" id = "note_b16_2" href = "#tag_b16_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>woȝt</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page30" id = "page30">30</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_17" id = "poemB_17">17.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">The Maitland MS.</span> (<span class = +"smallcaps">Pepysian MS. 2553</span>, p. 338.) c. 1555-1585.</h4> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b17_1" id = "tag_b17_1" href = +"#note_b17_1">1</a>Eyrd vpone eird wondirfallie is wrocht,</p> +<p>Eird hes gottin vpone eird ane dignite for nocht,</p> +<p>Eird apone eird hes set all his thocht</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How þat<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b17_2" id = "tag_b17_2" href = +"#note_b17_2">2</a> eird vpone eird till hicht may be brocht.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Eird apone eird wald fayne be a king,</p> +<p>And how þat eird gois to eird thinkis he no thing.</p> +<p>Quhone eird bydd<i>is</i> eird his rentis hame to bring,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than sall eird haue to eird herd depairting.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Eird apon eird wy<i>n</i>nis castellis and towris,</p> +<p>Than sayis eird vntill eird: ‘All þir ar owris’.</p> +<p>Quhone eird apone eird hes biggit all his bowris,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than sall eird vpone eird suffir scharp schowris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Eyrd apone eird and mold vpone mold,</p> +<p>Lyke as eird vnto eird never go sold.</p> +<p>Eird gois apone eird glitterand as gold,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Ȝit sall eird go to eird sonar nor he wold.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +How þat eird luiffis eird grit wondir I think,</p> +<p>Or quhy þat eird will for eird owþir swet or swynk.</p> +<p>Quhone þat eird w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in eird is closit vndir bynk,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than sall eird w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in eird haue ane ewill stynk.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo eird vpone eird considdir þow may,</p> +<p>How eird vnto<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b17_3" id = "tag_b17_3" +href = "#note_b17_3">3</a> eird gois nakit away,</p> +<p>Quhy sould eird apone eird go ow<i>er</i> proud or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Sen eird vntill eird sall wend in pure array?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I counsall eird vpone eird þat wondirlie is wrocht,</p> +<p>Q<i>uhi</i>ll<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b17_4" id = "tag_b17_4" +href = "#note_b17_4">4</a> eird is apone eird to turne all his +thocht,</p> +<p>And pray to God apone eird þat maid all of nocht,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>That eird vpone eird to blys may be brocht.</p> +<p class = "deep">Q<i>uo</i>d marsar.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b17_1" id = "note_b17_1" href = "#tag_b17_1">1.</a> +<i>Printed by kind permission of the authorities of Magdalene College, +Cambridge.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b17_2" id = "note_b17_2" href = "#tag_b17_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>yat</em>; <em>þ</em> regularly written as <em>y</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b17_3" id = "note_b17_3" href = "#tag_b17_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. <em>apone</em> crossed out, <em>vnto</em> written above.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b17_4" id = "note_b17_4" href = "#tag_b17_4">4.</a> +<i>MS. <em>q<sup>l</sup>l</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page31" id = "page31">31</a></span> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><a name = "poemB_18" id = "poemB_18">18.</a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">John Reidpeth’s MS. Cambr. Univ. Libr.</span> + Ll. 5. 10.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 43, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "center">(Transcribed from the Maitland MS. 1622-3.)</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Eird vpoun eird wonderfull is wrocht,</p> +<p>Eird hes gottin vpoun eird ane dignitie for nocht,</p> +<p>Eird vpoun eird hes sett all his thocht</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How þat<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b18_1" id = "tag_b18_1" href = +"#note_b18_1">1</a> eird vpoun eird till hicht may be brocht.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 44, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Eird vpoun Eird wold fane be ane king,</p> +<p>And how þat eird gois to eird thinkis he nothing.</p> +<p>Quhen eird bidd<i>is</i> eird his rentis hame to bring,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than sall eird haue to eird herd depairting.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Eird vpoun Eird wins castell<i>is</i> and towris;</p> +<p>Than sayis eird vnto eird: ‘All now ar ouris’.</p> +<p>Quhen eird vpoun eird hes biggit all his towris,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Than sall eird vpoun eird suffer grit showris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Eird vpoun eird and mold vpoun mold,</p> +<p>Lyk as eird vnto eird neuer go sold,</p> +<p>Eird gois vpoun eird glitterand as gold,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Ȝitt sall eird go to eird sonear nor he wald.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +How þat eird luiffis eird grit wonder I think,</p> +<p>Or quhy þat eird will for eird owther sweit or swink,</p> +<p>Quhen þat eird w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in eird is closit vnder bink,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than sall eird w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> eird haue ane evill stink.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo eird vpoun eird considder thow may</p> +<p>How eird vnto eird gois nakit away,</p> +<p>Quhy sould eird vpoun eird go o<i>u</i>r<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b18_2" id = "tag_b18_2" href = "#note_b18_2">2</a> proud or +gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Sen eird vntill eird sall wend in pure aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I counsall eird vpoun eird þat wondirlie is wrocht,</p> +<p>Q<i>uhi</i>ll eird is vpoun eird to turne all his thocht,</p> +<p>And pray to God vponn eird þat maid all of nocht,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>That eird vpoun eird to blis may be brocht.</p> +<p class = "deep">Quod dumbar.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b18_1" id = "note_b18_1" href = "#tag_b18_1">1.</a> +<i>MS. <em>yat</em>; <em>þ</em> regularly written as <em>y</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b18_2" id = "note_b18_2" href = "#tag_b18_2">2.</a> +<i><em>over</em>, MS. <em>o<sup>r</sup></em>.</i></p> +</div> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page32" id = "page32">32</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "poem_cam" id = "poem_cam">III.</a><br /> +<span class = "subhead">THE CAMBRIDGE TEXT.</span></h3> + +<div class = "verse"> +<h4><span class = "smallcaps">Cambridge Univ. Libr.</span> Ii. 4. 9. + 15th century.</h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 67, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +Erthe vpon erth is waxi<i>n</i> and wrought,</p> +<p>Erthe takys on erth a nobylay of nought;</p> +<p>Now erthe vpon erthe layes all his þought</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>How erthe vpon erthe sattys all at noght.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe vpon erth has hallys & towr<i>is</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_cam_1" id = "tag_cam_1" href = "#note_cam_1">1</a>;</p> +<p>Erthe says to erth: ‘This is alle owr<i>is</i>’.</p> +<p>But q<i>ua</i>n erth vpon erth has byg<i>g</i>yd his +bowr<i>is</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than xal erth for the erth haue scharpe schowr<i>is</i>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe vpon erth wolde be a kyng,</p> +<p>But hove<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_2" id = "tag_cam_2" href = +"#note_cam_2">2</a> erth xal to erth thynkyth he no thyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +And of the same erthe mad God ma<i>n</i>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>And sethe he made that erth & callyd it Ad<i>a</i>m,</p> +<p>For loue of erthe, the wych was woman,</p> +<p>That erth in this erthe fyrst be-gan.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Erthe goos on erth & tyllys w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hys plowe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Erthe a-geyn erth holdys it full toght<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_cam_3" id = "tag_cam_3" href = "#note_cam_3">3</a>,</p> +<p>Erthe vpon [erth] stelis hym a slogh<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_cam_4" id = "tag_cam_4" href = "#note_cam_4">4</a>,</p> +<p>Erthe on this erth thynkys he has neu<i>er</i> i-nowe<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_cam_5" id = "tag_cam_5" href = "#note_cam_5">5</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Erth vpon erthe gos in the weye,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Prykys and prankys on a palfreye;</p> +<p>When erth has gotyn erth alle that he maye,</p> +<p>He schal haue but seven fote at his last daye.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Than xal not be lyky<i>n</i>g vn-to hy<i>m</i></p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Bu[t]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_6" id = "tag_cam_6" href = +"#note_cam_6">6</a> an olde sely cloth to wynde erthe in,</p> +<p>When erthe is in erth for wormys wyn,</p> +<p>The rof of his hows xal ly on his chyn.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page33" id = "page33">33</a></span> +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 67, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_7" id = "tag_cam_7" href = +"#note_cam_7">7</a>When erthe says to erth: ‘My rent þ<i>o</i>u me +bryng’,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Then has erth fro erthe a dolfull p<i>ar</i>tyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +How erthe louys erth wondyr me thynke,</p> +<p>How erth for erth wyll swete and swynke.</p> +<p>When erth is in erthe broght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in the brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>What as herth than of erthe but a fowle sty<i>n</i>ke?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">10</span> +Erthe wrotys in erth as molys don in molde,</p> +<p>Erthe vp-on erth glydys as golde,</p> +<p>As erthe leve in erthe eu<i>er</i> mor<i>e</i> schulde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">36</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">11</span> +Erthe vp-on erth mynd eu<i>er</i> mor<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u make</p> +<p>How erthe xal to erth when deth wyll hy<i>m</i> take.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">12</span> +Be war<i>e</i>, erth, for erthe, for sake of thi sowle,</p> +<p>Erthe may of erth at þe last take a fowle,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>When erth is in erthe her<i>e</i> so long in his slogh.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">13</span> +Ffor erth gos in erth walkand in vede,</p> +<p>And erthe rydys on erth on a fayr stede,</p> +<p>When he was<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_8" id = "tag_cam_8" href += "#note_cam_8">8</a> goty<i>n</i> in erth erth to his mede,</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>Than is erth layde in erthe wormys to fede.</p> +<p>Whylke ar the wormys the flesch brede?</p> +<p>God wote the wormys for to ryght rede.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">14</span> +Erthe a-geyn erthe I holde it on-kynde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">48</p> +<p>Erthe is as sone wroth as is the wynde,</p> +<p>Swyche fowle erth mekyl may we fynde,</p> +<p>That wyl speke fayr<i>e</i> befor<i>e</i> vs & falsly +be-hy<i>n</i>de.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 68, r<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">15</span> +When erth vp-on erth be-gy<i>n</i>nys to be wroth,</p> +<p class = "linenum">52</p> +<p>Erth vpon erth swerys many a gret othe,</p> +<p>Erth berys p<i>r</i>ide in herte & i<i>n</i> cloth,</p> +<p>When erth is layde i<i>n</i> erth þan xal it be loth.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">16</span> +Erthly coveytous makyth erth to be schent,</p> +<p class = "linenum">56</p> +<p>Erth for this erth yeld<i>is</i> a gret rent,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page34" id = "page34">34</a></span> +<p>If erth in thys erth levyd in good entent</p> +<p>Than dar<i>e</i> erthe nevyr recke wher<i>e</i> that he went.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">17</span> +Erth vp-on erth is stronge as a mast,</p> +<p class = "linenum">60</p> +<p>And erth wyth is erth fyghtys ful fast,</p> +<p>Ther<i>e</i> is non so stowte that in erth may hy<i>m</i> cast,</p> +<p>And alle xal we be erth at the last.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">18</span> +Erthe bygyth hallys & erth bygith towres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">64</p> +<p>When erth is layd in erth, blayke is his bo<i>ur</i>s;</p> +<p>If erth haue welth, he dwellyth in flowr<i>es</i><a class = "tag" +name = "tag_cam_9" id = "tag_cam_9" href = "#note_cam_9">9</a>,</p> +<p>And if erth haue mys don, he getyth scharpe sho<i>ur</i>s.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">19</span> +If erth wyste in erth q<i>ua</i>t that erth is,</p> +<p class = "linenum">68</p> +<p>Ther wolde neu<i>er</i> erth in erth do a-mys.</p> +<p>God mad erth of erth, & namyd it for his,</p> +<p>Adam of erth in erthly paradys.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">20</span> +God walkyd in erth as longe as he wolde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">72</p> +<p>He had not in this erth but hong<i>er</i> & colde,</p> +<p>And in this erth also his body was solde,</p> +<p>Her<i>e</i> in this erth, whan þ<i>a</i>t he was xxx<sup>t</sup>i +ȝer<i>e</i> olde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza linenum">[fol. 68, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">21</span> +God lytyd in erth, blyssed be that stou<i>n</i>de!</p> +<p class = "linenum">76</p> +<p>He sauyd hijs herth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many a scharpe +wou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>Ffor to sawe erth owght of hell grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>He deyd in erth vpon þe rode w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many a blody +vou<i>n</i>de<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_10" id = "tag_cam_10" href += "#note_cam_10">10</a>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">22</span> +And God ros ovght of the est<a class = "tag" name = "tag_cam_11" id = +"tag_cam_11" href = "#note_cam_11">11</a> this erth for to spede,</p> +<p class = "linenum">80</p> +<p>And went into hell as was gret nede,</p> +<p>And toke erth from sorowe þ<i>us</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_cam_12" id = "tag_cam_12" href = "#note_cam_12">12</a> erth for to +spede,</p> +<p>The ryght wey to heuen blys Iesus Cryst vs lede!</p> +<p class = "deep">fine.</p> +</div> + +<p>(<i>The rest of the page is occupied by a coloured picture of a +knight and a skeleton with Latin mottoes, v. Introduction, p. +xiv.</i>)</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_cam_1" id = "note_cam_1" href = "#tag_cam_1">1.</a> +<i>or <em>towr<i>es</i></em>, <em>owr<i>es</i></em>, &c.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_2" id = "note_cam_2" href = "#tag_cam_2">2.</a> +<i>MS. <em>hove</em> for <em>howe</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_3" id = "note_cam_3" href = "#tag_cam_3">3.</a> +? <i>error for <em>togh</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_4" id = "note_cam_4" href = "#tag_cam_4">4.</a> +<i>Heuser <em>flogh</em>, but MS<ins class = "correction" title = +". missing">. </ins>appears to be <em>slogh</em> as in l. 40.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_5" id = "note_cam_5" href = "#tag_cam_5">5.</a> +<i>MS. <em>was neuer non</em> crossed out, <em>has neu<i>er</i> I +nowe</em> written above.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_6" id = "note_cam_6" href = "#tag_cam_6">6.</a> +<i>MS. <em>bu</em>, the last letter of the word has been erased.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_7" id = "note_cam_7" href = "#tag_cam_7">7.</a> +<i>These two lines form the missing half of v. 3, and are perhaps +inserted here with the idea of forming a six-lined stanza.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_8" id = "note_cam_8" href = "#tag_cam_8">8.</a> +<i>better <em>has</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_9" id = "note_cam_9" href = "#tag_cam_9">9.</a> +<i>or <em>flowr<i>is</i></em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_10" id = "note_cam_10" href = +"#tag_cam_10">10.</a> +<i><em>wounde</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_11" id = "note_cam_11" href = +"#tag_cam_11">11.</a> +<i>MS. clearly <em>est</em>, perh. error for <em>erth</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_cam_12" id = "note_cam_12" href = +"#tag_cam_12">12.</a> +<i>MS. <em>y<sup>9</sup></em> = <em>þus</em>, perh. for +<em>þis</em>.</i></p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div texts --> + + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page35" id = "page35">35</a></span> +<h2><a name = "notes" id = "notes">NOTES.</a></h2> + + +<p><a href = "#page1"><b>Page 1.</b></a> <b>MS. Harl. 2253.</b> These +four lines were apparently regarded by Wanley, together with the +preceding French strophe, as forming part of the poem on the Death of +Simon de Montfort, and are not noted by him in the British Museum +Catalogue. Böddeker also omitted them from his <i>Altenglische +Dichtungen des MS. Harl. 2253</i> (Berlin 1878). They were, however, +already noted by Pinkerton in 1786, see <i>Ancient Scottish Poems never +before in print . . . from the MS. Collections of Sir Richard +Maitland</i>, ii, Note on p. 466: ‘In the same (i.e. Harleian) +library, No. 2253, is another of the same kind, beginning,</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Erthe toc of erthe erthe wyth wote.</p> + +<p>It is only one stanza; and another piece of one stanza preceding it, +both are put by Mr. Wanley, in the Catalogue, as part of a French song +on Sir Simon de Montfort, which they follow: but such mistakes +frequently arise from the crowded manner of old MSS.’ The facsimile +opposite the title-page shows the lines as they occur in the MS.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page5"><b>Page 5.</b></a> <b>William Billyng’s MS.</b> +The ‘finely written and illuminated parchment roll’ described by William +Bateman in his preface to Billyng’s <i>Five Wounds of Christ</i>, of +which forty copies were privately printed by him at Manchester in 1814, +contained the following poems:—</p> + +<p>1. The Five Wounds of Christ (fifteen stanzas in rime royal).</p> + +<p>2. At hygh none whan the belle dothe tylle (eighteen lines).</p> + +<p>3. Erth owte of Erth (six stanzas).</p> + +<p>4. Pes maketh plente (five lines).</p> + +<p>The whole is signed <b>Willm̃ Billyng</b>. It has been frequently +suggested that Billyng was the author of these poems, but it is evident +that he was not the author of <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, though his may be +one of the earliest transcripts of the <b>B</b> version, and the lines +<i>Pes maketh plente</i> also occur elsewhere, cf. MS. Digby 230 +(fifteenth century). He may have been the author of <i>The Five Wounds +of Christ</i>, but it is more probable, considering the usual origin of +other fifteenth-century collections of the kind, that he was merely the +collector and transcriber of the texts. Cf. F. J. Furnivall, +<i>Notes and Queries</i>, IV. iii. 103. It is possible that this may be +the William Billyng who, in 1474, became rector of Toft Monks in Norfolk +on the presentation of the Provost and Scholars of King’s College, +Cambridge, and who appears to have held the benefice until 1506 (see +<i>Notes and Queries</i>, III. iv. 173; Blomefield, <i>Norfolk</i>, +viii. 63).<a class = "tag" name = "tag_notes_1" id = "tag_notes_1" +href = "#note_notes_1">1</a> The parchment roll was formerly preserved +in Bateman’s collection of antiquities at Lomberdale House, Derbyshire. +This collection was broken up and sold after Bateman’s death, the +archaeological remains being purchased by the Sheffield Museum, and the +books and MSS. sold at Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge’s rooms in +1893, but all attempts to trace Billyng’s MS. after the breaking up of +the collection have been unsuccessful. A copy of the printed text +is in the British Museum.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page36" id = "page36">36</a></span> +<p>Montgomery’s reprint of the poem in 1827 was taken from Bateman’s +version, and differs from it only in some very slight corrections in +spelling. It has been suggested that this reprint was the source of the +<i>Earth upon Earth</i> Epitaphs which occur, but these were current +from the sixteenth century on, and, as has been already pointed out (see +Introduction, pp. xxxvi ff.), the usual form of the Epitaph, even +in the latest versions, differed from that of the actual poem.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page7"><b>Page 7.</b></a> <b>MS. Selden Supra 53.</b> +This text omits verse 5, and inverts the normal order of verses 4 and 6 +(see Table on p. xvii of Introduction). The text is written in a neat +hand in the left-hand column on the back of a spare leaf (fol. 159) at +the end of the MS., after Lydgate’s <i>Dance of Macabre</i>. The +right-hand column contains Latin scribblings, perhaps by the scribe who +re-wrote small portions of <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> (see p. 7, +footnotes). A few lines are scribbled in another hand upon the +front side of the leaf, which is otherwise blank. The back of the leaf +was evidently unprotected, and is much rubbed and worn. The space below +Lydgate’s last verse and colophon on fol. 158 v<sup>o</sup> contains two +odd stanzas in English in the same metre as Lydgate’s poem, beginning +‘Let se your hand my ladi, dam emperys’, in a hand of the late fifteenth +century, and a French stanza of four lines (‘Qui met son cuer tout en +Deu, Il a son cuer et si a Deu’, &c.) in a French hand, perhaps as +late as 1500. Both of these were quite possibly inserted in the MS. +later than <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, the exact date of which is +indeterminate, but it was probably copied in between 1450 and 1500.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page8"><b>Page 8.</b></a> <b>MS. Egerton 1995.</b> This +MS. was evidently a Commonplace book. Its contents are described by +Gairdner, <i>Collections of a London Citizen</i> (Camden Society, 1876). +The MS. is written throughout in fifteenth-century hand, and appears to +be the work of one scribe. Gairdner thinks the whole collection may be +ascribed to William Gregory of the Skinners’ Company, who was Mayor of +London in 1451, and who seems to have been the author of part, at least, +of the Chronicle of London at the end of the MS.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page10"><b>Page 10.</b></a> <b>MS. Brighton.</b> +Fiedler’s account of this MS. is as follows:— ‘Noch eine andre +Fassung des Gedichtes habe ich mir vor einigen Jahren aus einer +Handschrift abgeschrieben, die damals im Besitze eines Antiquars in +Brighton war, über deren weiteren Verbleib ich aber nichts ermitteln +könnte. Es war eine Pergamenthandschrift, folio, von 90 Blättern. Sie +enthielt eine lateinische Abhandlung über die sieben Sacramente “Oculi +Sacerdotis”, und auf der ursprünglich frei gebliebenen Rückseite des +letzten Blattes war von einer Hand des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts das +englische Gedicht eingetragen.’ (<i>Mod. Lang. Review</i>, III. iii. +219.)</p> + +<p><a href = "#page11"><b>Page 11.</b></a> <b>Stratford-on-Avon +Inscription.</b> A full account of this inscription has been given in +the Introduction, p. xii. The lines ‘Whosoo hym be thowghte’, there +mentioned as being inscribed beneath <i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, are given +by Fisher as follows:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Whosoo hym be thowght Inwardly and ofte</p> +<p class = "indent">How hard hyt ys to flett</p> +<p>From bede to peyt From peyt to peyne that +neu<i>er</i></p> +<p class = "indent">Schall seys Certen</p> +<p>He wold not doo no syn all þ<i>is</i> world to +wynne.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page37" id = "page37">37</a></span> +<p>The same lines are found on other monumental inscriptions. Weever +(<i>Ancient Funeral Monuments</i>, p. 425) mentions them as +occurring in sixteenth-century inscriptions in Churches at Saffron +Walden and Faversham respectively, and Rogers (<i>Monuments and +Monumental Inscriptions in Scotland</i>, ii. 210) quotes them from a +tombstone in the parish of Dun. The following version is from Bodl. MS. +Tanner 407, fol. 36, v<sup>o</sup> (sixteenth century):—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>He that hath thoughte</p> +<p>ful in-wardly and ofte</p> +<p>how hard it is to flyt</p> +<p>fro bedde on to pyt</p> +<p>fro pytte on to pyne</p> +<p>whiche neuyr schal haue fyne</p> +<p>for alle thys world to wynne</p> +<p>wold not do a synne.</p> +</div> + +<p><a href = "#page16"><b>Page 16.</b></a> <b>MS. Laud Misc. 23.</b> +This is the only text which is not written in metrical lines. The MS. +being small, it was not as a rule possible to fit one line of the poem +into a single line of the page, and the run-on lines involved waste of +space. The scribe wrote verse 1 in metrical lines, verses 2 and 3 as if +in two long lines, and the remainder of the poem in paragraphs, each +paragraph coinciding with a verse. Each new line or paragraph is +indicated by a red capital, and the metrical lines are distinguished by +pause-marks (√̣, ·, √, |), and by touching up the first letter of the +line in red. In vv. 6, 7, and 8, the scribe appears to have lost count +of the lines, as the three verses are written in two paragraphs, and +letters in the middle of a line are often marked in red. At the top of +the first leaf a later hand has scribbled the words <i>haue made me</i>. +A few other such scribbles occur elsewhere in the MS.</p> + +<p>l. 26 (p. 17). <i>Thi body that was rank and louyd of alle men, is +hatyd.</i> The reading is inferior to MS. Lambeth, l. 27:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +þan þi bodi þat was rank & undeuout of alle men is +bihatid—</p> + +<p>and the change led to the placing of the pause (indicated in +the MS.) after men.</p> + +<p>l. 27. <i>Out of the erthe cam to this erthe his wantyng +garnement.</i> This line seems to be a compromise between the readings +of MSS. Lamb. and Rawl. P.</p> + +<p>(<i>MS. Lamb. 28</i>)</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Out of þis erþe cam to þis erþe þis wrecchid garnement.</p> + +<p>(<i>MS. Rawl. P. 37</i>)</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Oute of the erthe cam the erthe wantynge his garnament.</p> + +<p>But the rest of the verse follows Lamb, rather than Rawl. P., cf. +<i>ruly, raggid and rent</i>, <i>hidous turment</i>, beside Rawl. P. +<i>disgesily ragged and to-rent</i>, <i>ful grete turment</i>.</p> + +<p>l. 34 has the correct reading <i>stinke</i>, as in MSS. Harl. 4486 +and Rawl. P.; Lamb. repeats <i>swynk</i>.</p> + +<p>l. 39 (p. 18). <i>Wolde therfore this erthe on this erthe on this +hertly thinke</i>, is superior to the exaggeratedly long line in Lamb. +40, but both are inferior to MS. Rawl. P., ll. 53, 54<ins class = +"correction" title = "printed . for ,">, </ins>where the correct rime is +preserved:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +thinkynge : risynge : rekenynge : kynge.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page38" id = "page38">38</a></span> +<p>l. 47. <i>Lord God that erthe madist & for the erthe suffredist +peynys ille.</i> It is difficult to determine what was the original form +of this line. The readings of the other texts which have the verse are +as follows:—</p> + +<p>(<i>Harl. 4486, 33</i>)</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Now Lorde that madyst for erthe & sufferdyst paynes ille.</p> + +<p>(<i>Lamb. 48</i>)</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +O þou Lord that madist þis erþe for þis erþe & suffridist heere +peynes ille.</p> + +<p>(<i>Rawl. P. 125-6</i>).</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Lord God that erthe tokist in erthe And suffredist paynes ful +stille.</p> + +<p>Possibly MS. Laud has transposed the <i>and</i>, and the correct +reading should be <i>that erthe madist for the erthe & suffredist +paynes ille</i>, in which case Harl. 4486 has merely omitted the first +<i>erthe</i>, while the other two texts have modified the older +version.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page24"><b>Page 24.</b></a> <b>MS. Porkington 10.</b> +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> is preceded by the two following +stanzas:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Lo wordly folk<i>es</i> thouȝ þ<i>is</i> p<i>ro</i>cese of dethe</p> +<p>Be not swete, ne synke not i<i>n</i> your mynde.</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> age co<i>m</i>myþ & schorteth is her brethe,</p> +<p>And dethe co<i>m</i>myþ, he is not far behynde;</p> +<p>The<i>n</i> her dyscressio<i>n</i> schal wel knov & fynde</p> +<p>That to have mynd of deþ it is ful nesseserry,</p> +<p>Ffor deth wyl co<i>m</i>e; dovtl<i>es</i> he wyl not long tarry.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +Of what estate ȝe be, ȝovng or wold,</p> +<p>That redyth vppon þ<i>is</i> dredful storrye,</p> +<p>As in a myrrovr her ȝe may be-holde</p> +<p>The ferful ende of al your joy & glorie;</p> +<p>Therfor þ<i>is</i> mat<i>er</i> redvs vs to yovr memory:—</p> +<p>Ȝe þ<i>at</i> syttyþ nowe hye vppon þe whele,</p> +<p>Thynke vppo<i>n</i> yovr end, & alle schal be we[le].</p> +</div> + +<p>The MS. is in Lord Harlech’s library at Brogyntyn (formerly +Porkington) near Oswestry, Salop.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page28"><b>Page 28.</b></a> <b>MS. Balliol 354.</b> l. +48. <i>Go to seynt Poulis, & see þer the portratowre.</i> Cf. Stow, +<i>Survey of London</i>, 1598: ‘There was also one great cloister on the +north side of this church (St. Paul’s), environing a plot of +ground, of old time called Pardon churchyard . . . About this +cloister was artificially and richly painted the Dance of Machabray, or +Dance of Death, commonly called the Dance of Paul’s; the like whereof +was painted about St. Innocent’s cloister at Paris, in France. The +metres or poesy of this dance were translated out of French into English +by John Lidgate, monk of Bury, and with the picture of death leading all +estates, painted about the cloister, at the special request and in the +dispence of Jenken Carpenter, in the reign of Henry V.’</p> + +<p><i>Ibid.</i> ‘John Carpenter, townclerk of London, in the reign of +Henry V, caused with great expense to be curiously painted upon board, +about the north cloister of Paule’s, a monument of Death leading +all estates, with the speeches of Death, and answer of every state. This +cloister was pulled down 1549.’</p> + +<p>Cf. Sir T. More, <i>Works</i> (ed. 1557, folio), p. 77: ‘We wer never +so gretly moved by the beholding of the Daunce of Deth pictured in +Paule’s.’</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page39" id = "page39">39</a></span> +<p><a href = "#page30"><b>Page 30.</b></a> <b>Maitland MS.</b> Omitted +by Pinkerton from his printed text of the Maitland MS. as ‘a silly +jingling piece, shewing the vanity of man, who is but earth, building +upon earth: priding himself in gold which is but earth’, &c. +Pinkerton also knew of ‘several pieces of the same kind in MSS. of Old +English poetry’, see Note on MS. Harl. 2253, p. 36. He had strong +views against the indiscriminate printing of old MSS., and was unwilling +to sacrifice ‘the character of a man of taste to that of an antiquary; +as of all characters he should the least chuse that of an hoarder of +ancient dirt’.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page32"><b>Page 32.</b></a> <b>MS. Cambridge</b> (Univ. +Libr. I. 1. iv. 9). l. 17. The reading <i>slogh</i> is supported by +Professor Skeat. It is difficult to see what meaning could be attached +to <i>flogh</i>, as in Heuser’s text.</p> + +<p><a href = "#page33"><b>Page 33.</b></a> l. 48. <i>As wroth as the +wynde</i> was a favourite mediaeval proverb. Cf. <i>Sir Gawayne and the +Grene Knight</i>, l. 319: he wex as wroth as wynde; <i>Piers +Plowman</i>, C. iv. 486: As wroth as the wynd wex Mede ther-after; +<i>Richard the Redeles</i>, iii. 153: thei woll be wroth as the +wynde.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "notes_analogues" id = "notes_analogues"> +ANALOGUES.</a></h4> + +<p>It may be of interest to note here some other instances of the use of +the theme <i>Earth upon Earth</i>, not immediately connected with the +poem under discussion.</p> + +<p>An early instance of the phrase occurs in a Poem on the Death of +Edward IV, written by Skelton probably soon after the event (9th April, +1483), beginning <i>Miseremini mei ye that ben my ffryndys</i>. Verse 2 +runs as follows:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>I slepe now in molde, as it is naturall</p> +<p class = "indent">That erth vnto erth hath his reuerture:</p> +<p>What ordeyned God to be terestyall,</p> +<p class = "indent">Without recours to the erth of nature?</p> +<p class = "indent">Who to lyue euer may himselfe assure?</p> +<p>What is it to trust on mutabilyte,</p> +<p class = "indent">Sith that in this world nothing may indure?</p> +<p>For now am I gone, that late was in prosperyte:</p> +<p>To presume thervppon, it is but a vanyte,</p> +<p class = "indent">Not certayne, but as a chery fayre full of wo:</p> +<p>Reygned not I of late in greate felycite?</p> +<p class = "indent"><i>Et, ecce, nunc in pulvere dormio!</i></p> +</div> + +<p class = "right"> +(<i>Poetical Works of Skelton</i>, ed. Dyce, I. i; London, 1843).</p> + +<p>The poem was inserted amongst the imprinted works of Lydgate, who +could not have been alive in 1483, cf. MS. Harl. 4011, fol. 169, +v<sup>o</sup>, where it occurs among Lydgate’s works.</p> + +<p>In John Taylor’s <i>Trauels of Twelve-Pence</i>, 1630 folio (Spenser +Soc. reprint, p. 82), this verse occurs:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Far<a class = "tag" name = "tag_notes_2" id = "tag_notes_2" href = +"#note_notes_2">2</a> though from <i>Earth</i> man hath originall,</p> +<p>And to the <i>Earth</i>, from whence he came doth fall,</p> +<p>Though he be Earth, & can claime nought but earth,</p> +<p>(As the fraile portion due vnto his birth)</p> +<p>Yet many thousands that the earth doth breed,</p> +<p>Haue no place (certain) where to lodge or feed.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page40" id = "page40">40</a></span> +<p>The following lines occur in a small volume called <i>The Compleat +Bell-Man, being a Pattern for all sorts of People to take notice of the +most remarkable Times and Dayes in the Year</i>, by H. Crouch +(seventeenth century). The book contains thirty-nine verses, for +Saint-Days and Anniversaries chiefly, a few being on more general +subjects. The last verse, No. 39, <i>Upon the day of Doom</i>, runs as +follows:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When Earth of Earth shall turn to Earth</p> +<p>That was but Earth even from its Birth,</p> +<p>Then Earth from Earth shall rise again</p> +<p>To endlesse joy, or endlesse pain,</p> +<p>Let Earth then serve and please his Maker</p> +<p>That Earth of Heaven may be pertaker.</p> +</div> + +<p>The following is an Epitaph on Roger Earth of Dinton, Wilts, died +1634 (see E. R. Suffling, <i>Epitaphia</i>, p. 81):—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>From Earth wee came, to Earth wee must returne,</p> +<p>Witness this EARTH that Lyes within this VRNE.</p> +<p>Begott by EARTH: Borne also of Earth’s WOMBE,</p> +<p>74 yeares lived EARTH, now Earth’s his TOMBE.</p> +<p>In Earth EARTH’S Body Lyes Vnder this STONE,</p> +<p>But from this Earth to Heauen EARTH’S soule is gone.</p> +</div> + +<p>Another later epitaph is quoted by Suffling, p. 339, from Loughter, +Glamorganshire, without name or date:—</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>O Earth! O Earth observe this well,</p> +<p class = "indent">That Earth to Earth must go to dwell,</p> +<p>That Earth to Earth must close remain</p> +<p class = "indent">Till Earth for Earth shall come again.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_notes_1" id = "note_notes_1" href = +"#tag_notes_1">1.</a> +But this is not in agreement with Bateman’s opinion as to the age of the +original parchment roll (1400-1430), see Introduction, p. xi.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_notes_2" id = "note_notes_2" href = +"#tag_notes_2">2.</a> +? for.</p> +</div> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page41" id = "page41">41</a></span> +<h3><a name = "app1" id = "app1">APPENDIX I.</a></h3> + + +<p>The three following <i>Erthe</i> poems, in Latin, French, and English +respectively, were discovered too late for inclusion in the text. They +represent renderings of the same poem in the three languages, and are +preserved on the back of a Roll<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_1" id = +"tag_app_1" href = "#note_app_1">1</a> in the Public Record Office, +containing a copy of the Ordinances of the fifth year of Edward II +(of which other copies exist in the British Museum, the Record +Office, and the Treasury at Canterbury). The poems in question are +written on the back of the Roll, towards the end, the Latin and French +in parallel columns, and the English below, five verses under the Latin, +and four under the French. They are preceded by a number of Latin +recipes in another hand, and a few in French follow. The handwriting of +the poems is smaller and neater than that of the Ordinances, or the +Latin recipes, but was ascribed by Hunter<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_2" id = "tag_app_2" href = "#note_app_2">2</a> to the time of +Edward II, and may perhaps be assigned to the fourteenth century. The +French is fourteenth-century Anglo-French, and the texts probably belong +to that century, though this copy of them may not have been made until +after 1400.</p> + +<p>A nineteenth-century transcript of the poems exists in the British +Museum, Addit. MS. 25478 (fol. 1-3), described in the Catalogue as +containing ‘Transcripts of miscellaneous English poetry, with a few +Latin pieces, chiefly derived from MS. sources: xivth to xixth century’. +The binding is marked ‘Collectanea Hunteriana’, and the MS. was acquired +with various others of the Hunter collection in 1863. The handwriting +varies, and these three poems are not in Hunter’s own hand. The +transcript is headed ‘Copy of a Poem in Latin, French, and English, +which is written in a hand of the reign of Edward II, on the dorse of a +Roll which contains a copy of the ordinances of the fifth year of Edward +II, which are printed in the Statutes of the Realm I. 157-168’. The text +given below has been collated with this transcript, and variant readings +in the latter given in the footnotes under the name Hunter (H.).</p> + +<p>The British Museum transcript was discovered by Miss Helen Sandison +of Bryn Mawr, U.S.A., who kindly acquainted me with her discovery, and +was of great assistance in the search for the original Roll, which was +eventually found in a bundle awaiting rearrangement at the Record +Office. A large stain on the original text has rendered a +considerable portion of the Latin and a few words in the French almost +illegible, and Hunter’s transcript has left blanks at these points. Mr. +S. C. Ratcliff, of the Record Office, has given me much kind and +courteous assistance in deciphering the missing words, thanks to which I +have been able to fill up all the gaps, except that in verse 8, +l. 3 of the Latin. Hunter’s text at this point runs as +follows:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td>4. l. 4.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Sic t’ra put<sup>e</sup>dinis . . . t’re venas.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>6. l. 4.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Terra t’rã faciat flere ieu . . . . .</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>7.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>De t’ra resurg’e t’ra deb . . . . . . . .</p> +<p>Et quod t’ra meruit . . . . . . . .</p> +<p>Hic dum terra vix’it . . . . . . .</p> +<p>Ut in t’ra valeat . . . . . dere</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>8.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Adu’sus t’rigenas . . . . terra stabit</p> +<p>Et t’ra int’roga . . . . . . . . abit</p> +<p>Terra finem cap . . . . . . . gabit</p> +<p>Quod terra promiserat t’ra . . . urgabit.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>and in the French:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td>9. l. 2.</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Sayt cydaunt a la tere qe tere soit sauve</p> +<p>. . . . . . . eyne de tere ou tere est benure.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h4><span class = "smallcaps">Record Office Roll</span> (Ex<sup>r</sup>. +K. R. Parl. Proc., Bdle. 1).</h4> + +<div class = "mynote"> + +<p>The following text was printed on two pairs of facing pages:</p> + +<table class = "outline" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<td rowspan = "2">pg. 42</td> +<td>Latin Text<br />stz. 1-5</td> +<td>French Text<br />stz. 1-5</td> +<td rowspan = "2">pg. 43</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<!-- <td></td> --> +<td>English Text<br /> stz. 1-3.2</td> +<td>English Text<br /> stz. 3.3-5</td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td rowspan = "2">pg. 44</td> +<td>Latin Text<br />stz. 6-11</td> +<td>French Text<br />stz. 6-10</td> +<td rowspan = "2">pg. 45</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<!-- <td></td> --> +<td>English Text<br /> stz. 6-7</td> +<td>English Text<br /> stz. 8-9</td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>For this e-text, it is shown in its original layout as described by +the editor (above). Footnote numbering reflects the printed text.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum left"><a name = "page42" id = "page42">42</a></span> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page43" id = "page43">43</a></span> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<th colspan = "2" abbr = "Latin"><span class = "smallcaps">Latin +Text</span> (in left column).</th> +<td rowspan = "14"> </td> +<th colspan = "2" abbr = "French"> +<span class = "smallcaps">French Text</span> (in right column).</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">1</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 2, r<sup>o</sup>]</p> +<p>In terra cu<i>m</i> terra sit fraude p<i>er</i>quisita,</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>re v<i>er</i>mib<i>us</i> sic put<i>r</i>essit +trita,</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> deseret, erit et finita,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Terra tu<i>n</i>c a terren[i]s<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_3" id += "tag_app_3" href = "#note_app_3">3</a> mox erit oblita.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">1</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 1, r<sup>o</sup>]</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant t<i>er</i>re auera en<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_9" +id = "tag_app_9" href = "#note_app_9">9</a> terre large terre gayne,</p> +<p>& t<i>er</i>re s<i>er</i>ra en terre a la mort liuere,</p> +<p>Puis ert tere en tere de v<i>er</i>myne mange,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Dounc vendra tere en tere & toust ert oblie.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">2</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Terra p<i>er</i> sup<i>er</i>bia<i>m</i> terram cum ascendit,</p> +<p>Terra tu<i>n</i>c cupidine t<i>er</i>ram comp<i>re</i>hendit,</p> +<p>Terra morti p<i>ro</i>ximans t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> dat et vendit,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Ad t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> viuenciu<i>m</i> t<i>er</i>ra manus +tendit.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">2</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere sour t<i>er</i>re de orgoyl descline,</p> +<p>& tere ils<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_10" id = "tag_app_10" +href = "#note_app_10">10</a> [vers] tere par coueitise encline,</p> +<p>Dounc tere ils<a class = "tag" href = "#note_app_10">10</a> [vers] +tere se treit a Ruyne,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>& tere a haute tere requeit medicine.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">3</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> speculans no<i>n</i> iustificari,</p> +<p>Et ad t<i>er</i>re t<i>er</i>minu<i>m</i> t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> +inclinari.</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>re s<i>er</i>uiens vult<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_4" id = "tag_app_4" href = "#note_app_4">4</a> refrigerari,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Et t<i>er</i>ra t<i>er</i>ribilis in terra locari.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">3</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere ne peot de t<i>er</i>re la malueste +sourueyndre,</p> +<p>Par force deit tere de t<i>er</i>re te<i>m</i>ptaciouns +esteyndre,</p> +<p>Encontre la fiele tere sa tere deit refreyndre,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere leue en tere face sa tere moyndre.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">4</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>In t<i>er</i>ra q<i>u</i>id possidet t<i>er</i>ra nisi penas</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ando t<i>er</i>ra respicit t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> lite +plenas,</p> +<p>Et t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> defic<i>er</i>e tanq<i>uam</i> t<i>er</i>re +tenas,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>Sic t<i>er</i>ra put<i>r</i>edinis intrat<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_5" id = "tag_app_5" href = "#note_app_5">5</a> terre venas?</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">4</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Quey ad tere de tere forq<i>u</i>e dolour & peygne</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere veyt en terre soun enemi demeygne,</p> +<p>& tere coust en tere a la mort c<i>er</i>teyne<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_app_11" id = "tag_app_11" href = "#note_app_11">11</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>& tere pase en tere par frelete humeyne?</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 1, v<sup>o</sup>]</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">5</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Terra no<i>n</i> co<i>n</i>siderat t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> firma +mente,</p> +<p>Atq<i>ue</i> t<i>er</i>ra labit<i>ur</i> in t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> +repente,</p> +<p>Terra<i>m</i> suo sang<i>u</i>ine t<i>er</i>ra redimente,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Terra<i>m</i> potens eruit de t<i>er</i>ra dolente.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">5</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>O tu cheytiue tere de tere, remembrez</p> +<p>Vo<i>us</i> estes pris de tere & tere deuendrez,</p> +<p>Pensez<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_12" id = "tag_app_12" href = +"#note_app_12"><ins class = "correction" title = +"footnote anchor invisible">12</ins></a> +coment en tere & par tere pecchez,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>& tere fiust en tere tant fortment<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_13" id = "tag_app_13" href = "#note_app_13">13</a> +rechatez.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number"> +<span class = "pagenum left"><a name = "page44" id = "page44">44</a></span> +6</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Terra q<i>u</i>ando respicit t<i>e</i>rra<i>m</i> +t<i>er</i>minare,</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> debuit sese castigare,</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> valeat vt humiliare,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Terra t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> faciat flere ieiunare<a class = "tag" name += "tag_app_19" id = "tag_app_19" href = "#note_app_19">19</a>.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page45" id = "page45">45</a></span> +6</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Quant tere veyt q<i>ue</i> tere se treit a la mort,</p> +<p>& tere nad en tere forq<i>ue</i> poure confort,</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere moert<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_25" id = +"tag_app_25" href = "#note_app_25">25</a> en tere ni ad nul resort,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Merueille est q<i>ue</i> tere de tere nad retort.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">7</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>De t<i>er</i>ra resurg<i>er</i>e t<i>er</i>ra debet vere<a class = +"tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a>,</p> +<p>Et quod t<i>er</i>ra meruit t<i>er</i>ra<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a> possidere<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a>,</p> +<p>Hic du<i>m</i> t<i>er</i>ra vix<i>er</i>it t<i>er</i>ra<a class = +"tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a> valet<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a> flere<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Ut in t<i>er</i>ra valeat t<i>er</i>ra<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a> post<a class = "tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a> +gaudere<a class = "tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a>.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">7</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Q<i>u</i>ant tere<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_26" id = +"tag_app_26" href = "#note_app_26">26</a> deit de tere leuer +sodeynement,</p> +<p>Tere vendra en tere p<i>u</i>r oy<i>e</i>r jugement,</p> +<p>Dounc auera tere en tere dolour & t<i>u</i>rment,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Si tere neit fet en tere bon amendement.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 2, v<sup>o</sup>]</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">8</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Adu<i>er</i>sus t<i>er</i>rigenas q<i>u</i>ando<a class = "tag" href += "#note_app_19">19</a> terra stabit,</p> +<p>Et t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> int<i>er</i>rogans t<i>er</i>ra<a class = +"tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a> tu<i>n</i>c<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a> culpabit<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_19">19</a>,</p> +<p>Terra fine<i>m</i> cap[ia]t t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i><a class = "tag" href += "#note_app_19">19</a> . . . gabit<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_20" +id = "tag_app_20" href = "#note_app_20">20</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Quod t<i>er</i>ra p<i>ro</i>mis<i>er</i>at t<i>er</i>ra tu<i>n</i>c<a +class = "tag" href = "#note_app_19">19</a> negabit<a class = "tag" name += "tag_app_21" id = "tag_app_21" href = "#note_app_21">21</a>.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">8</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Angel<i>e</i>s vendrount en tere la tere resusciter,</p> +<p>& dirrount a la tere de tere couent leuer,</p> +<p>Deuant le Roy de tere en tere deuez aller<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_27" id = "tag_app_27" href = "#note_app_27">27</a>,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Q<i>u</i>e<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_28" id = "tag_app_28" href += "#note_app_28">28</a> soffri en tere p<i>u</i>r tere dolour amer.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">9</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>In t<i>er</i>ra q<i>u</i>i mortuus & in t<i>er</i>ra natus</p> +<p>Ffuit<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_22" id = "tag_app_22" href = +"#note_app_22">22</a>, t<i>er</i>ram p<i>ro</i>tegat sic & +t<i>er</i>re<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_23" id = "tag_app_23" href += "#note_app_23">23</a> gratus,</p> +<p>Vt in t<i>er</i>ra quilibet de t<i>er</i>ra formatus,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>Terre ponat t<i>er</i>minu<i>m</i> t<i>er</i>re comendatus.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">9</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Jesu, q<i>u</i>e p<i>u</i>r la tere en tere fiust ne,</p> +<p>Soyt eydaunt<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_29" id = "tag_app_29" +href = "#note_app_29">29</a> a la tere q<i>u</i>e tere soit sauue,</p> +<p>& nos meyne<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_30" id = "tag_app_30" +href = "#note_app_30">30</a> de tere ou tere est benure,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>Kar si sumes en tere par tere t<i>u</i>rmente<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_31" id = "tag_app_31" href = "#note_app_31">31</a>.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">10</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>In t<i>er</i>ra cu<i>m</i> Ang<i>e</i>li t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i> +suscitabunt,</p> +<p>In t<i>er</i>ra terribiles tube resonabunt,</p> +<p>De t<i>er</i>ra t<i>er</i>rigene corpora leuabunt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>Et ad t<i>er</i>re judice<i>m</i> terre tunc clamabunt.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">10</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Dolour est en tere par tere & par mer,</p> +<p>Ffaus est tere en tere & tere desir auer,</p> +<p>Pluis ne voil en tere ore<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_32" id = +"tag_app_32" href = "#note_app_32">32</a> de tere chaunter.</p> +<p class = "linenum">40</p> +<p>Dieu deynt tere en tere de viuauns habiter. Amen.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">11</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>O tu terre do<i>mi</i>ne! t<i>er</i>re miserere,</p> +<p>Et t<i>er</i>ra respiciens terenos tuere,</p> +<p>In t<i>er</i>ra deficim<i>us</i>, terra sumus vere,</p> +<p class = "linenum">44</p> +<p>Nos in t<i>er</i>ra gl<i>or</i>ie t<i>er</i>ram fac videre.</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan = "5"> </td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan = "2" abbr = "English left column"> +<span class = "pagenum left"><a name = "page42a" id = "page42a">[42]</a></span> +<span class = "smallcaps">English Text</span><br />(in left column, +below Latin)</th> +<td rowspan = "8"> </td> +<th colspan = "2" abbr = "English right column"> +(in right column, below French)</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 3, r<sup>o</sup>]</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">1</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Whanne eorthe hath eorthe wiþ wrong igete,</p> +<p>And eorthe in eorthe biginneþ to alete,</p> +<p>And eorthe i<i>n</i> eorthe wiþ wormes is afrete,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Thanne eorthe is on eorthe sone forȝete.</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">6</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page44a" id = "page44a">[44]</a></span> +<p>Whan eorthe iseoþ eorthe to endinge drawe,</p> +<p>& eorthe on eorthe wiþ deþ is islawe,</p> +<p>& eorthe on eorthe wiþ wormes in ignawe,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Þanne eorthe may eorthe hi<i>m</i> seluen iknawe.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td> +<p class = "right smaller">[MS. Addit. 25478<ins class = "correction" +title = ", missing">, </ins>fol. 3, v<sup>o</sup>]</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">2</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Wanne eorthe ouer eorthe þorw p<i>r</i>ude styeþ,</p> +<p>And eorthe toward eorthe þorw coueytise wryeþ,</p> +<p>& eorthe into eorthe toward þe deþ hyeþ,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Þanne eorthe aȝeyn eorthe toward heuene c<i>r</i>ieþ.<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_app_6" id = "tag_app_6" href = "#note_app_6">6</a></p> +</td> +<td class = "number">7</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Wan eorthe ssal of eorthe netfulliche aryse,</p> +<p>& eorthe on eorthe ihere þilke assise</p> +<p>Þer eorthe ne may eorthe noþer<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_24" id += "tag_app_24" href = "#note_app_24">24</a> lere ne wise,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Þanne eorthe sal on eorthe g<i>r</i>imliche agrise.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">3</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Whan eorthe juynt eorthe so luþ<i>er</i><a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_7" id = "tag_app_7" href = "#note_app_7">7</a> to awelden,</p> +<p>& eorthe on þ<i>a</i>t eorthe allewey<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_8" id = "tag_app_8" href = "#note_app_8">8</a> bi helden,</p> +<span class = "pagenum left"><a name = "page43a" id = "page43a">[43]</a></span> +<p>& eorthe on eorthe sone bigynneþ for to elden,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Hou may þat<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_14" id = "tag_app_14" +href = "#note_app_14">14</a> eorthe on eorthe wo<a class = "tag" href = +"#note_app_14">14</a> belden?</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">8</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page45a" id = "page45a">[45]</a></span> +<p>Þa<i>n</i>ne eorthe sal to eorthe holden gret cheste,</p> +<p>& eorthe asken eorthe were is hiere byheste</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t eorthe byhet eorthe allewey to leste,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Wanne eorthe t<i>ur</i>neþ to eorthe toward Helle feste.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class = "number">4</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>What haueþ eorthe on eorthe bote pouȝt<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_15" id = "tag_app_15" href = "#note_app_14">15</a> and<a class += "tag" href = "#note_app_14">15</a> wo,</p> +<p>Whan eorthe iseoþ<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_16" id = +"tag_app_16" href = "#note_app_16">16</a> eorthe his dedliche fo,</p> +<p>& eorthe into eorthe so sone gynneþ guo,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>& eorthe iworthe to eorthe alle we sullen so?</p> +</td> +<td class = "number">9</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Houre Lou<i>er</i>d þ<i>a</i>t on eorthe for eorthe was iboren,</p> +<p>On eorthe of eorthe wiþ wounden to-toren,</p> +<p>Wyte eorthe fro<i>m</i> eorthe þ<i>a</i>t ne be furloren,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>& b<i>r</i>inge eorthe to þ<i>a</i>t eorthe þer beþ his +icoren.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "number">5</td> +<td class = "verse"> +<p>Alas why naþ eorthe<a class = "tag" name = "tag_app_17" id = +"tag_app_17" href = "#note_app_17">17</a> in eorthe is þouȝt,</p> +<p>Hou eorthe is on eorthe wiþ synnes of-souȝt,</p> +<p>& eorthe was in eorthe so mychfulliche ibouȝt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t eorthe þorw eorthe ne foelle<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_app_18" id = "tag_app_18" href = "#note_app_18">18</a> to +nouȝt?</p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td> +<p class = "right">Amen.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page46" id = "page46">46</a></span> +<p>It will be seen that the Latin and French versions do not correspond +exactly with the English text, the French in particular being a mere +paraphrase of it, but this was, no doubt, largely due to the exigencies +of the rime. The French text has ten stanzas as against nine in the +English poem, and the Latin has eleven, the additional stanzas being an +expansion of the theme after the manner of Anglo-Latin poems of the +kind. It is evident both from the variant attempts at expansion of the +text in the Latin and French, and from the greater freshness and more +skilful use of the play on the word <i>erthe</i> of the English text, +that the latter is the original, and this supports the view already +expressed (Introd. p. xxxiii) as to the relation of the English and +Latin versions in MS. Harl. 913. It is improbable, at least, that the +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i> poems should all be derived from two Latin +poems, the differences between which are too great to admit of a common +original, but which were both translated into English verse, and became, +in course of time, modified and popularized. On the other hand, the fact +that one fourteenth-century poem of the kind had been supplied with a +Latin rendering might easily account for an attempt at Latin and French +translations in the case of a second, and there seems to be reason for +believing that the author of the latter text was acquainted with the +poem in MS. Harl. 913. As has been already noted in the Introduction +(p. xxxii), the first line of the English version corresponds in +idea with that of the text in MS. Harl. 913:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +Whan erþ haþ erþ iwanne wiþ wow.</p> + +<p>and in actual wording with that of the <i>Song on the Times</i>:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +When erthe hath erthe i-gette.</p> + +<p>Otherwise no verbal connexion can be traced with any of the texts of +<i>Erthe upon Erthe</i>, though the phrase <i>eorthe on eorthe</i> +recurs four times, and there is, of necessity, some similarity of +treatment and idea. Thus the remainder of verse 1 contains a reference +to the destruction by worms, mentioned in MS. Harl. 913, v. 2, and in +the Cambridge text, vv. 7 and 13, as well as to the proverb that +the dead are soon forgotten, cf. MS. Harl. 913, v. 4 (Introd. p. +xxxi); verse 5 exhorts man to think of death, as does v. 6 of the B +Version; and the poem ends with a prayer, as do MSS. Harl. 4486, +Lambeth, Laud, Titus, and Rawl. P., as well as Rawl. C., and the +Cambridge text. But the wording, and, in the two latter cases, the +treatment, is different, and the general similarity is less than might +he expected from the triteness of the theme. Both the <b>A</b> and the +<b>B</b> Version lay stress on the contrast between man’s present +earthly glory and his future mingling with the dust, whereas the text in +the Appendix dwells on the inevitableness of death, the pains of death, +and the future judgement (only mentioned here and in MS. Harl. 913). The +poem appears to represent an individual treatment of the subject, +suggested perhaps by the text in MS. Harl. 913, with its Latin +rendering, and possibly also influenced by the <i>Song on the Times</i> +in the same MS. It may be regarded as being ultimately based, like MS. +Harl. 913, on the short stanzas current at the beginning of the +fourteenth century, and as furnishing additional evidence of the early +popularity of the theme, a popularity which gave rise at first to +individual poems like this and MS. Harl. 913, and later to the +repetition and expansion of one common type as in the B Version. But, +unlike MS. Harl. 913, this text stands apart from the more popular types +of the poem, and has no connexion with either the B Version or the +Cambridge text. It must therefore have been written before the short +normal type of the B Version became current, and probably before it took +shape as a poem of several stanzas, that is before 1400. The want of +close connexion between it and the more usual types of the poem given +above, makes the omission of it from the text the less to be regretted, +since it represents a side-issue rather than a link in the development +of the poem as here treated.</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_app_1" id = "note_app_1" href = "#tag_app_1">1.</a> +Ex<sup>r</sup>. K. R. Parl. Proceedings, Bdle. 1 (Old No. 645/21).</p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_2" id = "note_app_2" href = "#tag_app_2">2.</a> +Joseph Hunter, the antiquary (1783-1861), Sub-Commissioner of the Public +Records 1833, Assistant-Keeper of the Records 1838.</p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_3" id = "note_app_3" href = "#tag_app_3">3.</a> +<i>MS. <em>aterrens</em> as one word.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_4" id = "note_app_4" href = "#tag_app_4">4.</a> +<i>MS. <em>wlt</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_5" id = "note_app_5" href = "#tag_app_5">5.</a> +<i>this word is very obscure, and is omitted by Hunter; portions of +<em>nt</em> and the second <em>t</em> can be seen.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_6" id = "note_app_6" href = "#tag_app_6">6.</a> +<i>H. <em>b<sup>i</sup>reþ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_7" id = "note_app_7" href = "#tag_app_7">7.</a> +<i>H. <em>luþ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_8" id = "note_app_8" href = "#tag_app_8">8.</a> +<i>the MS. has a gap after <em>allewey</em> with space for a word of +five or six letters, but there is no erasure nor trace of any +omission.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_9" id = "note_app_9" href = "#tag_app_9">9.</a> +<i>inserted above the line.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_10" id = "note_app_10" href = +"#tag_app_10">10.</a> +<i>MS. has <em>ils</em>, surely a scribal error; the original had +probably <em>u<i>er</i>s</em> = <em>vers ‘towards’</em>, with the MS. +compendium for <em>er</em>, written over and confused with the second +stroke of the <em>u</em> so as to look like <em>il</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_11" id = "note_app_11" href = +"#tag_app_11">11.</a> +<i>H. <em>e’teyne</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_12" id = "note_app_12" href = +"#tag_app_12">12.</a> +<i>H. <em>peisez</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_13" id = "note_app_13" href = +"#tag_app_13">13.</a> +<i>H. <em>foilment</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_14" id = "note_app_14" href = "#tag_app_14">14, +15.</a> +<i>in fresher ink above the line.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_16" id = "note_app_16" href = +"#tag_app_16">16.</a> +<i>MS. <em>isoeþ</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_17" id = "note_app_17" href = +"#tag_app_17">17.</a> +<i>above the line.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_18" id = "note_app_18" href = +"#tag_app_18">18.</a> +<i>MS. <em>foelle</em>; ? <em>falle</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_19" id = "note_app_19" href = +"#tag_app_19">19.</a> +<i>All words marked <sup>19</sup> are omitted in H.’s transcript, the +MS. at this point being stained and obscure.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_20" id = "note_app_20" href = +"#tag_app_20">20.</a> +<i>Professor Robinson Ellis suggests <em>obiu<i>r</i>gabit</em> here, +which would fit the space: there is room for 2-3 letters, and possibly a +trace of an <em>r</em> contraction.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_21" id = "note_app_21" href = +"#tag_app_21">21.</a> +<i><ins class = "correction" title = +"printed as Roman (non-emphatic)">H.</ins> <em>urgabit</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_22" id = "note_app_22" href = +"#tag_app_22">22.</a> +<i>obscure, H. <em>fuit</em>; MS. might be <em>ffinit</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_23" id = "note_app_23" href = +"#tag_app_23">23.</a> +<i>H. <em>t’roe</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_24" id = "note_app_24" href = +"#tag_app_24">24.</a> +<i>H. <em>neþer</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_25" id = "note_app_25" href = +"#tag_app_25">25.</a> +<i>H. <em>mo ert</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_26" id = "note_app_26" href = +"#tag_app_26">26.</a> +<i>inserted in margin; H. omits.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_27" id = "note_app_27" href = +"#tag_app_27">27.</a> +<i>H. <em>aler</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_28" id = "note_app_28" href = +"#tag_app_28">28.</a> +<i>H. <em>le</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_29" id = "note_app_29" href = +"#tag_app_29">29.</a> +<i>H. <em>sayt cydaunt</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_30" id = "note_app_30" href = +"#tag_app_30">30.</a> +<i>H. <em>. . . . . . eyne</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_31" id = "note_app_31" href = +"#tag_app_31">31.</a> +<i>H. <em>t<sup>r</sup>menti</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_app_32" id = "note_app_32" href = +"#tag_app_32">32.</a> +<i>H. <em>ou</em>.</i></p> +</div> + + +<div class = "texts"> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page47" id = "page47">47</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "app2" id = "app2">APPENDIX II.</a></h3> + +<h4><a name = "poemB_19" id = "poemB_19"><span class = +"smallcaps"><b>B</b> Version 19.</span></a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Trinity College Cambridge R. 3. +21.</span></h4> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 33, v<sup>o</sup>.]</p> + +<p class = "full smaller"> +(This text represents the normal seven-stanza type of the <b>B</b> +version, but without precise verbal agreement with any text printed +above.)</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent3"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +rthe vppon erthe so wondyrly wrought,</p> +<p class = "indent">E Erthe opon erthe hath gete a dignite +of nought,</p> +<p class = "indent3">Erthe opon erthe hath set all hys thought</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p class = "indent3">How erthe opon erthe may on hyght be brought.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erthe opon erthe wold be a kyng;</p> +<p>But how that erthe goth to erthe thynketh he nothyng.</p> +<p>When erthe byddyth erthe hys rent home bryng,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Than erthe from erthe hath full hard partyng.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erthe opon erthe wynneth castelles and towres;</p> +<p>Than seyth erthe to erthe: ‘Thys ys all owres’.</p> +<p>When erthe opon erthe hath bylde halles and bowres,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Then shall erthe fro erthe suffre sharpe showres.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erthe goth opon erthe as molde opon molde,</p> +<p>Erthe goth opon erthe and glytereth as golde,</p> +<p>Lyke as erthe to erthe neu<i>er</i> go sholde.</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>And yet shall erthe to erthe rather then he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +Why erthe loueth erthe wondyr I may thynke,</p> +<p>Or why erthe for erthe wyll other swete or s[w]ynke,</p> +<p>Ffor when erthe in-to erthe ys brought w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>yn the +brynke,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Than shall erthe of erthe haue a foule stynke.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +Lo erthe opon erthe consider<i>e</i> well thow may</p> +<p>How erthe co<i>m</i>meth to erthe nakyd alway.</p> +<p>Why shuld erthe than opon erthe go stout and gay</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Seth erthe in-to erthe shall passe in a pore aray?</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +I counsell erthe opon erthe that wykkyd hath wrought,</p> +<p>Whyle erthe ys opon erthe to torne vp hys thought,</p> +<p>And pray God opon erthe that all erthe hath wrought,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>That erthe out of erthe to blysse may be brought. Amen.</p> + +<p class = "stanza deep">Memorare nouissima.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page48" id = "page48">48</a></span> + +<h4><a name = "poemB_20" id = "poemB_20"><span class = +"smallcaps"><b>B</b> Version 20.</span></a><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">MS. Trinity College Cambridge B. 15. +39.</span></h4> + +<p class = "linenum">[fol. 170.]</p> + +<p class = "full smaller"> +This text (in MS. not written in metrical lines) preserves 9 stanzas of +the 12-stanza version in MSS. Lambeth and Laud, and appears to represent +a distinct and perhaps older copy of the original of these two. The +mistake in v. 8 precludes its being the original.</p> + +<p class = "stanza indent">De terra plasmasti me, <i>etc.</i></p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">1</span> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b20_1" id = "tag_b20_1" href = +"#note_b20_1">1</a>Erþe out of erþe is wondirli wrouȝt,</p> +<p>Erþe of erþe haþ gete a dignite of nouȝt,</p> +<p>Erþe vpon erþe haþ sett al his þouȝt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">4</p> +<p>Howe þat erþe vpon erþe may be hiȝ brouȝt.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">2</span> +Erþe vpon erþe wolde ben a king;</p> +<p>But how erþe schal to erþe þenkiþ he no þing;</p> +<p>Whanne þan erþe biddiþ erþe hise rentis hoom bring,</p> +<p class = "linenum">8</p> +<p>Þanne schal erþe out of erþe haue a piteuous p<i>ar</i>tinge.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">3</span> +Erþe vpon erþe wy<i>n</i>neþ castels and tours,</p> +<p>Þanne seiþ erþe to erþe: ‘þis is all ouris.’</p> +<p>Whanne erþe vpon<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b20_2" id = "tag_b20_2" +href = "#note_b20_2">2</a> erþe [haþ biggid]<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b20_3" id = "tag_b20_3" href = "#note_b20_3">3</a> up his +bouris,</p> +<p class = "linenum">12</p> +<p>Þan schal erþe for erþe for<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b20_4" id = +"tag_b20_4" href = "#note_b20_4">4</a> suffre scharpe schouris.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">4</span> +Erþe gooþ upon erþe as molde upon moolde,</p> +<p>So gooþ erþe upon erþe al glitiringe in golde,</p> +<p>Lijk as erþe vnto erþe neu<i>er</i>e go scholde,</p> +<p class = "linenum">16</p> +<p>And ȝit schal erþe vnto erþe raþir þan he wolde.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">5</span> +O þou [fol. 170, v<sup>o</sup>] wrecchid erþe þat in þe erþe trauellist +niȝt & day,</p> +<p>To florische þe erþe, to peinte þe erþe wiþ wantowne aray,</p> +<p>Ȝit schalt þou erþe for al þi erþe, make þou it neu<i>er</i>e so +queinte or gay,</p> +<p class = "linenum">20</p> +<p>Out of þis erþe in-to þe erþe, þere to klinge as a clot of clay.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">6</span> +O wrecchid man whi art þou proud þat art of erþe makid?</p> +<p>Hidir brouȝtist þou no schroud, but pore come þou and nakid.</p> +<p>Whanne þi soule is went out & þi bodi in<a class = "tag" name = +"tag_b20_5" id = "tag_b20_5" href = "#note_b20_5">5</a> erþe rakid,</p> +<p class = "linenum">24</p> +<p>Þan bi [bodi]<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b20_6" id = "tag_b20_6" +href = "#note_b20_6">6</a> þat was rank & bilouid of al men is +bihatid.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page49" id = "page49">49</a></span> +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">7</span> +Out of þis erþe cam to þis erþe þis wantinge grarnement<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b20_7" id = "tag_b20_7" href = "#note_b20_7">7</a>;</p> +<p>To hide þis erþe, to happe þis erþe, to him was cloþing lent;</p> +<p>But now<a class = "tag" name = "tag_b20_8" id = "tag_b20_8" href = +"#note_b20_8">8</a> gooþ erþe upon erþe, ruli raggid & rent,</p> +<p class = "linenum">28</p> +<p>Þerfore schal erþe vndir þe erþe haue hidous turment.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">8</span> +Þ<i>er</i>fore þ<i>o</i>u erþe vpon erþe þat wikkidli hast wrouȝt,</p> +<p>While þat erþe is upon erþe turne aȝen þi þouȝt,</p> +<p>& pray to God vpon erthe þat [al þe erþe haþ]<a class = "tag" +name = "tag_b20_9" id = "tag_b20_9" href = "#note_b20_9">9</a> +wrouȝt,</p> +<p class = "linenum">32</p> +<p>Þat erþe vpon erþe to blis may be brouȝt.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"><span class = "stanza">9</span> +Now Lord þat erþe madist for erþe & suffridist peines ille,</p> +<p>Lete neu<i>er</i>e þis erþe for þis erþe mischeue ne spille,</p> +<p>But þat þis erþe in þis erþe be euere worchinge þi wille,</p> +<p class = "linenum">36</p> +<p>So that erþe fro þis erþe stie vp to þin hiȝ hille. <span class = +"smallcaps">Amen.</span></p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +Memento homo quod cinis es. et in cinerem reuerteris.</p> +<p>Ffac bene dum viuis. post mortem viu<i>er</i>e si vis.</p> + +</div> + +<p>A man þat wilneþ for to p<i>ro</i>fite in þe wey of +p<i>er</i>fecciou<i>n</i> & souvereinli to plese God. he muste +studie bisili for to haue þese maters in his herte þat folewiþ here +aftir.</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +First biþenke þee [etc.]</p> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note_b20_1" id = "note_b20_1" href = "#tag_b20_1">1.</a> +<i>MS. erron. begins with a capital <em>D</em>.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_2" id = "note_b20_2" href = "#tag_b20_2">2.</a> +<i>Crossed out in MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_3" id = "note_b20_3" href = "#tag_b20_3">3.</a> +<i>Omitted in MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_4" id = "note_b20_4" href = "#tag_b20_4">4.</a> +<i>So in MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_5" id = "note_b20_5" href = "#tag_b20_5">5.</a> +<i>MS. <em>is</em> erron. for <em>in</em></i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_6" id = "note_b20_6" href = "#tag_b20_6">6.</a> +<i>Omitted in MS.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_7" id = "note_b20_7" href = "#tag_b20_7">7.</a> +<i>erron. for <em>garnement</em></i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_8" id = "note_b20_8" href = "#tag_b20_8">8.</a> +<i><em>erþe vpon erþe</em> inserted after <em>now</em> in MS. and +crossed out.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note_b20_9" id = "note_b20_9" href = "#tag_b20_9">9.</a> +<i>MS. erroneously repeats, from l. 29, <em>þat vickidli hast +wrouȝt</em>.</i></p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div texts --> + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page50" id = "page50">50</a></span> +<h2><a name = "glossary" id = "glossary">GLOSSARY.</a></h2> + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p>Outlined entries are from the author’s <a href = +"#addenda">Addenda</a>, referring to the English text in <a href = +"#app1">Appendix I</a> (pages 42–45). Yogh <b>ȝ</b> is +alphabetized as <b>g</b>, thorn <b>þ</b> as <b>th</b>. Links lead to the +top of the page.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#letter_A"> A </a> +<a href = "#letter_B"> B </a> +<a href = "#letter_C"> C </a> +<a href = "#letter_D"> D </a> +<a href = "#letter_E"> E </a> +<a href = "#letter_F"> F </a> +<a href = "#letter_G"> G </a> +<a href = "#letter_H"> H </a> +<a href = "#letter_I"> IJ </a> +<a href = "#letter_K"> K </a> +<a href = "#letter_L"> L </a><br /> +<a href = "#letter_M"> M </a> +<a href = "#letter_N"> N </a> +<a href = "#letter_O"> O </a> +<a href = "#letter_P"> P </a> +<a href = "#letter_Q"> Q </a> +<a href = "#letter_R"> R </a> +<a href = "#letter_S"> S </a> +<a href = "#letter_T"> T </a> +<a href = "#letter_U"> U </a> +<a href = "#letter_V"> V </a> +<a href = "#letter_W"> W </a> +</p> +</div> + +<div class = "glossary"> + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_A" id = "letter_A">Abbey</a></b>, <i>sb.</i> +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>6</em></a>. <i>perh. erron. for</i> nobley.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Afrete</b>, <i>pp.</i> devoured, eaten <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Agaste</b>, <i>a.</i> aghast <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Agayn(e)</b>, ageyn, aȝen, ayen, <i>adv.</i> again <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>45</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>34</em></a>, <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>54</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>prep.</i> against <a href = +"#page38">38.<em>47</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Aȝenrisynge</b>, <i>sb.</i> resurrection <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Agrise</b>, <i>vb.</i> tremble, quake <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Al</b>, all, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>49, +53</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Alas</b>, <i>int.</i> <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>17</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ale</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Alete</b>, <i>vb.</i> to let go, forsake <a href += "#page42a">42.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Almis</b>, <i>sb.</i> alms <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Also</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>37</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>73</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Alway(e)</b>, all(e) way(e), <i>adv.</i> always <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>32</em></a>, <a href = "#page29">29.<em>58</em></a>, +&c.</p> + +<p><b>Amende</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Amys</b>, <i>adv.</i> amiss <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>68</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Answerid</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> answereth <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Apone</b>, ap(p)one, <i>prep.</i>, <i>var. of</i> upon <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>3, 5, 9</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>1, 2, +3</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>1, 2</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Ar</b>, <a href = "#page3">3.<em>50</em></a>. ? <i>erron. for</i> +a.</p> + +<p><b>Aray(e)</b>, array, <i>sb.</i> array <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>26</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>64</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>24</em></a>, +&c., &c.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Aryse</b>, <i>vb.</i> arise <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Askeþ</b>, askiþ, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> <a href = "#page2">2.<em>25, +39</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Assise</b>, <i>sb.</i> the Judgement <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Auyse</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> bethink thyself, consider <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>98</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Awaked</b>, <i>vb. pr. pl.</i> awaken <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Away</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page30">30.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Awelden</b>, <i>vb.</i> wield, rule <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ay</b>, <i>adv.</i> aye <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_B" id = "letter_B">Bare</a></b>, <i>a.</i> <a href += "#page22">22.<em>88</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Be</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page5">5.<em>4, 5</em></a>, <a href += "#page6">6.<em>4, 5</em></a>, &c., &c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>imp.</i> <a href = "#page3">3.<em>63</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>97</em></a>, <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>23</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>subj.</i> <a href = "#page13">13.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>35</em></a>, &c;</p> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> art<ins class = "correction" title = "superfluous ."> +</ins><a href = "#page1">1.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>24, 45</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>21</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> is, ys <a href = "#page2">2.<em>16, 17, 40, +42</em></a>, <a href = "#page3">3.<em>49, 50</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>1</em></a>, &c., es <a href = "#page6">6.<em>1, 10, +19</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pr. pl.</i> be, beth <a href = "#page2">2.<em>38</em></a>, <a href += "#page3">3.<em>66</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page28">28.<em>43, 45</em></a>, bythe <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>14</em></a>, byne <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>52</em></a>, ar <a href = "#page30">30.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>45</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> were <a href = "#page1">1.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = "#page22">22.<em>92</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> was <a href = "#page15">15.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>40</em></a>, <a href = "#page23">23.<em>101</em></a>, +&c.;</p> +<p><i>p. pl.</i> were <a href = "#page27">27.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>27</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Before</b>, beffore, byfore, <i>adv.</i> before <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>44, 52</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>prep.</i> <a href = "#page22">22.<em>100</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Begilynge</b>, <i>sb.</i> beguiling <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>106</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Begynnynge</b>, <i>sb.</i> beginning <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>102</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Begynnys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> begins <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> began <a href = "#page28">28.<em>31</em></a>, <a href += "#page32">32.<em>14</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> bigun <a href = "#page2">2.<em>29</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Beholde</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> behold <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Behynde</b>, <i>prep.</i> behind <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Belden</b>, <i>vb.</i> build up <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Beriþ</b>, berriþ, berys, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> bears <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>15, 28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Beste</b>, <i>a.</i> best <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bete</b>, <i>pp.</i> beaten <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>116</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Betyme</b>, <i>adv.</i> betimes <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>57</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Be ware</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> beware <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>97</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Biddethe</b>, biddis, biddith, bydd-es, -eth, -is, -ys, -yth(e), +bydyth, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> bids <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>7</em></a>, <a href += "#page8">8.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>7</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>7</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> bade <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Biddyngis</b>, <i>sb.</i> biddings <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>124</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bigged</b>, biggid, -it, bygged(e), -id, -it, -yd, -yt, <i>pp.</i> +built, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>11</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>14</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>11</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>7</em></a>; ON. byggja.</p> + +<p><b>Bihatid</b>, <i>pp.</i> hated <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Bi-holden</b>, <i>vb.</i> keep, retain <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>10</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bild</b>, <i><ins class = "correction" title = "text has ‘v.’">vb. +</ins> imp.</i> build <a href = "#page3">3.<em>64</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> bildist <a href = "#page22">22<ins class = +"correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>79</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> bilt, <a href = "#page3">3.<em>65</em></a>, byldyth +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>13</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> bildyd, billid, bylde, byllyd, <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>13</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page20">20.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>11</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Bink</b>, bynk, <i>sb.</i> bank <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>19</em></a>. +L. Scots.</p> + +<p><b>Blak</b>, blayke, <i>a.</i> black <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>66</em></a>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Blesse</b>, <i>sb.</i>, <i>var. of</i> blis, bliss <a href = +"#page29">29.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Blis</b>, blys, blysse, <i>sb.</i> bliss <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>77</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>28</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>28</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Blode</b>, <i>sb.</i> blood <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Blynde</b>, <i>a.</i> blind <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>37</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Blyssed</b>, <i>pp.</i> blessed <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>75</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bodi</b>, body, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page15">15.<em>26, +27</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>25, 26</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>73</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bold</b>, <i>sb.</i> dwelling <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bold</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bon</b>, <i>sb.</i> bone <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>88</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Borowes</b>, <i>sb. erron. for</i> bowres, bowers <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Both</b>, <i>pron.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bour(e)s</b>, bour(r)is, bourys, bowres, -is, -ys, <i>sb. pl.</i> +bowers <a href = "#page3">3.<em>66</em></a>, <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>11</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>11</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>13</em></a>, +<a href = "#page27">27.<em>11</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Bouȝte</b>, <i>pp. erron. for</i> broȝt <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>70</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Brede</b>, <i>sb.</i> bread <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bredis</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> breeds <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>7</em></a>; (<i>perh. erron. for</i> biddis);</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> brede <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page51" id = "page51">51</a></span> +<p><b>Brente</b>, <i>pp.</i> burnt <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Brether</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> brothers <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bring</b>, bryng(e), <i>vb.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>7</em></a>, <a href += "#page7">7.<em>7</em></a><ins class = "correction" +title = ", missing">, </ins><a href = "#page14">14.<em>10</em></a>, +&c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>imp.</i> bryng <a href = "#page33">33.<em>27</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> broght, brouȝttist, broutyst <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>22</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> brocht, bro(u)ght(e), broht, brouȝt(e), brouþt, browt(h)e, +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>4</em></a>, <a href += "#page8">8.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>3</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>4, 28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>7</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>4</em></a>, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Brink</b>(<b>e</b>), brynk(e), <i>sb.</i> brink (of the grave) +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>34</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page27">27.<em>19</em></a>, +&c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> brynkes <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Byggis</b>, bygith, -yth, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> builds <i>v.</i> +bigged <a href = "#page12">12.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>63</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Byheste</b>, <i>sb.</i> promise <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Byhet</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> promises <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>31</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Byrthe</b>, <i>sb.</i> birth <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_C" id = "letter_C">Calle</a></b>, <i>sb.</i> +summons <a href = "#page12">12.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Callyd</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. p.</i> called, named <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Carayne</b>, caryon, <i>sb.</i> carrion <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>39</em></a>, <a href = "#page24">24.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Care</b>, <i>sb.</i> care, anxiety <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Case</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page26">26.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Cast</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page34">34.<em>61</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Castles</b>, castells, casteles, castels, castells, -es, -is, -ys, +castylles, <i>sb. pl.</i> castles <a href = "#page3">3.<em>65</em></a>, +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7<ins class = "correction" +title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>9</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>9</em></a>, +&c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Certayn</b>, certeyn, <i>a.</i> certain <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>53, 56</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Cheste</b>, <i>sb.</i> strife, dispute <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>29</em></a>; OE. cēast, <i>older</i> cēas, L. +causa.</p> + +<p><b>Chyn</b>, chynne, <i>sb.</i> chin <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page32">32.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Clay</b>(<b>e</b>), <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>68</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Clinge</b>, clynge, klyng, <i>vb.</i> to shrink up, decay <a href += "#page15">15.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>68</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset">Cf. <i>E. E. Allit. P.</i> A. 856, oure corses in +clottez clynge, <i>Hymns to Virgin and Christ</i>, p. 85, in coold +clay now schal y clinge.</p> + +<p><b>Closed</b>, closit, <i>pp.</i> enclosed, shut up <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>39</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Clot</b>, clotte, <i>sb.</i> clot of clay, a hardened lump of +earth, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>68</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>replaced by</i> NE. clod.</p> + +<p><b>Cloth</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page32">32.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Cloth</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> clothe <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Clothing</b>(<b>e</b>), <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>28</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Cold</b>(<b>e</b>), <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>43</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Com</b>, <i>vb.</i> come <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>23</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> commys <a href = "#page25">25.<em>32</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> comes, comeþ, commeth, comyth(e), commyth <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9<ins class = "correction" +title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>22</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> cam <a href = "#page17">17<ins class = "correction" +title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>24</em></a>, +cem(e) <a href = "#page15">15.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>22</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pl.</i> com <a href = "#page28">28.<em>54</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Commandmentis</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> commandments, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Concele</b>, concell, consaill, consell, consylle, counsall, +counsill, cowncelle, cowsayl, <i>vb. 1 p. pr.</i> counsel, advise +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9<ins class = +"correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>25</em></a>, <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page26">26.<em>67</em></a>, <a href = "#page29">29.<em>3, +61</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Conclusion</b>, <i>sb.</i> close, termination, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Consayfe</b>, <i>vb.</i> conceive, grasp, understand <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>31</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Consider</b>(<b>e</b>), consedur, considder, considdir, +consyder(e), consydre, <i>vb.</i> consider <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>21</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>36</em></a>, +<a href = "#page29">29.<em>57</em></a>, <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Coueytise</b>, <i>sb.</i> covetousness <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Coveytous</b>, <i>sb.</i> covetousness <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>55</em></a>, <i>Conf. of ending for</i> covetise, OF. +coveitise. Cf. <i>Paston Letters</i>, No. 582, II. 313, the unkyndnesse +and covetuse that was shewed me.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Crieþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> cries <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Crose</b>, <i>sb.</i> cross <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Crownnys</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> crowns <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Crystyn</b>, <i>a.</i> Christian <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_D" id = "letter_D">Dai</a></b>, day(e), <i>sb.</i> +day <a href = "#page4">4.<em>78</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>62</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dare</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> need <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>58</em></a>; ME. thar for tharf, OE. þearf; <i>from +confusion with</i> dare, OE. dearr.</p> + +<p><b>Dart</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dede</b>, <i>sb.</i> deed <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>78</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> deden, dedis <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page25">25.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Dedliche</b>, <i>a.</i> deadly <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>14</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dedly</b>, <i>a.</i> deadly, mortal <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>78</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>128</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Delful</b>, dolfull, <i>a.</i> sorrowful, doleful <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>8</em></a>, <a href += "#page33">33.<em>28</em></a>; OF. doel, duel, deol, mod. F. deuil.</p> + +<p><b>Deliþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> divides, separates <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>78</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Depairting</b>, <i>sb.</i> separation, parting <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dere</b>, <i>vb.</i> harm, injure <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>50</em></a>; OE. derian.</p> + +<p><b>Deth</b>(<b>e</b>), deeþ, <i>sb.</i> death <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>3</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>30, 31</em></a>, <a href = "#page13">13.<em>3, +4</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>2</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>gen.</i> dethis <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>70</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Deyle</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> distribute <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>43</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dignite</b>, dignitie, dignyte, dignytie, dygnite, dygnyte, +dyngnyte, <i>sb.</i> high estate or position, honour <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page20">20.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page27">27.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>2</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Disgesily</b>, <i>adv.</i> strangely, extraordinarily <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>42</em></a>; OF. desguisié, disguised.</p> + +<p><b>Do</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page34">34.<em>68</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> doþe, dooþ, doith, dose <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page22">22.<em>94</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>54</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pl.</i> don <a href = "#page33">33.<em>33</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>imp.</i> do <a href = "#page26">26.<em>73</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pl. p.</i> did <a href = "#page28">28.<em>44</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>p. pr.</i> doynge <a href = "#page23">23.<em>130</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> do, don <a href = "#page23">23.<em>115, 122</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>66</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Doluyn</b>, <i>pp.</i> buried <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>113</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dome</b>, <i>sb.</i> judgement <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>76</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page52" id = "page52">52</a></span> +<p><b>Draught</b>, draut, drawght(e), drawȝt, <i>sb.</i> drawing of a +bow, bowshot <a href = "#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>31</em></a>, <a href += "#page13">13.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>2</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset">Cf. R. Brunne <i>Chron. Wace</i> (c. 1330) 862, al +vnwylland þat draught he drow.</p> + +<p><b>Drawe</b>, <i>vb.</i> draw <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>1</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> drawethe, drawith, drawyth(e) <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>3</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>31</em></a>, <a href = "#page13">13.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page20">20.<em>3</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> droh, drow <a href = "#page1">1.<em>2, 4</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Dred(e)</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> dread <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>76</em></a>, <a href = "#page23">23.<em>117</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dredfull</b>, <i>a.</i> dreadful, terrible <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Drynkis</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> drinking feasts <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>86</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Duly</b>, <i>adv.</i> duly, rightly <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>43</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dute</b>, <i>sb.</i> duty, dues <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>7</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dwelle</b>, dweylle, <i>vb.</i> dwell <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>80</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>63</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> dwellyth <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>65</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Dye</b>, <i>vb.</i> die <a href = "#page9">9.<em>15</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> deyd <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>78</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_E" id = "letter_E">Earth</a></b>, eird, erth, +erthe, herth, <i>sb.</i> earth <a href = "#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>, +&c., &c.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Elden</b>, <i>vb.</i> to grow old <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Empire</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>31</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Enclyn</b>, <i>vb.</i> incline, be disposed, desire <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>End</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page2">2.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ende</b>, <i>sb.</i> end <a href = "#page4">4.<em>73</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>66</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Endinge</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Endure</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ensure</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Entent</b>, <i>sb.</i> intent, purpose <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>57</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Enuye</b>, <i>sb.</i> envy <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Eorthe</b>, <i>sb.</i> earth <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Erþene</b>, <i>a.</i> earthen <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Erthly</b>, <i>a.</i> earthly <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>55</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>70</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Est</b>, <i>sb.</i> east, (<i>perh. erron. for</i> erth) <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>79</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Euer(e)</b>, <i>adv.</i> ever <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>35</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>50</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>49</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>80</em></a>, <a href = "#page23">23.<em>130</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>35, 36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Euerlastynge</b>, <i>a.</i> everlasting <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>108</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Evill</b>, ewill, <i>a.</i> evil <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>20</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ewyne</b>, <i>sb.</i> even <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p>For oode ne for ewyne, for odd nor even, on no account whatever.</p> +<p>Cf. even and odd, all included, without exception.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Exampul</b>, <i>sb.</i> example <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Excludid</b>, <i>pp.</i> excluded <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>76</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_F" id = "letter_F">Falle</a></b>, <i>sb.</i> +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Falliþ</b>, <i>vb<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">. +</ins>3 p. pr.</i> falls, <a href = "#page1">1.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Falshede</b>, falshode, <i>sb.</i> falsehood <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>106, 110</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Falsly</b>, <i>adv.</i> falsely <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fane</b>, fayne, <i>a.</i> fain <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fare</b>, <i>vb.</i> go <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fase</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> foes <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fast</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page34">34.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Favtt</b>, <i>vb. p. pl.</i> fought <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fayr</b>, <i>a.</i> fair <a href = "#page33">33<ins class = +"correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>42</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>adv.</i> fayre <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fede</b>, feden, <i>vb.</i> feed <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page33">33.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fele</b>, <i>sb.</i>, <i>prob.</i> fell, moor <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>30</em></a>; ON. fjallr.</p> + +<p><b>Felow</b>, <i>sb.</i> fellow <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>92</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ferde</b>, <i>pp.</i> afraid, terrified <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>24</em></a><ins class = "correction" +title = ". for ;">; </ins>OE. (for) fǣred.</p> + +<p><b>Fere</b>, <i>sb.</i> fear <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Festis</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> feasts, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>86</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>First</b>, fyrst, <i>a. & adv.</i> <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>102</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>31, +38</em></a>, <a href = "#page32">32.<em>14</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Flesch</b>, <i>sb.</i> flesh <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Florische</b>, florisshe, fflorysshe, <i>vb.</i> adorn, embellish +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>18</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>63</em></a>; OF. florir, floriss-.</p> + +<p><b>Flowre</b>, <i>sb.</i> flower <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>38</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> flowres <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>65</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Foelle</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> ? fall <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>20</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Folk</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Foo</b>, <i>sb.</i> foe <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>78</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> fase <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Forbere</b>, <i>vb.</i> forbear <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Forȝete</b>, <i>pp.</i> forgotten <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>4</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Forsake</b>, <i>sb. subj.</i> <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>81</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>109</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Forsuthe</b>, <i>int.</i> forsooth <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fote</b>, <i>sb.</i> foot <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>114</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fovde</b> <i>sb.</i> food <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Foul(e)</b>, foulle, fovl, fowll(e), <i>a.</i> foul <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = "#page22">22.<em>77</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>28</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Fowle</b>, <i>sb.</i> evil, hurt <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>39</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset">Cf. Sowdone of Babylone (c. 1400) 199, foule shall +hem this day bifalle. <i>NE. sense of</i> foul <i>as</i> trip, +collision, <i>not found in ME.</i></p> + +<p><b>Frendschip</b>, <i>sb.</i> friendship, <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Frow</b>, <i>adv.</i> (<i>glossed</i> festine) swiftly, hastily +<a href = "#page1">1.<em>3</em></a>; ON. frãr, swift.</p> + +<p><b>Fugure</b>, <i>sb.</i> figure <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>47</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ful</b>, full(e), <i>adv.</i> fully <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>32</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>4</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Fulfille</b>, fulfyle, <i>vb.</i> fulfil <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>124</em></a>, <a href = "#page25">25.<em>42, +50</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Furloren</b>, <i>pp.</i> lost <a href = +"#page46">46.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fyghtys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> fights, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>60</em></a>,</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>p. pl.</i> favtt <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fynd(e)</b>, <i>vb.</i> find <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>49</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>1 p. pr.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>39, +40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Fyne</b>, <i>sb.</i> end <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_G" id = "letter_G">Ga</a></b>, gase, <i>v.</i> go, +goest <a href = "#page6">6.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>27</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Garnament</b>, garnement, <i>sb. early form of </i> garment +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gate</b>, <i>sb.</i> gate <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>76</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gatis</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> way <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gay(e)</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page8">8.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>19</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Gersom</b>, <i>sb.</i> treasure, <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>61</em></a>; OE. gersume.</p> + +<p><b>Gett</b>, <i>vb.</i> get <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>60</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> get hit (? <i>erron. for</i> getith, <i>glossed</i> +lucratur) <a href = "#page2">2.<em>37</em></a>, getyth <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>66</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> gete, gette <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>61</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>2</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> gete(n), +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page53" id = "page53">53</a></span> +getyn, goten, gottin, gotyn <a href = "#page3">3.<em>53</em></a>, +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>2</em></a>, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Gleterande</b>, gleteryng(e), gletterant, <i>p. pr.</i> glittering +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>14</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = +"#page20">20.<em>32</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Gliteringe.</p> + +<p><b>Glisteryng</b>, <i>p. pr.</i> sparkling, glittering <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>15</em></a>; MLG. glistern.</p> + +<p><b>Gliteringe</b>, glitterand, glyt(t)ryng, glytteryng, <i>p. pr.</i> +glittering <a href = "#page5">5.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>15</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>15</em></a>; ON. glitra, to shine.</p> + +<p><b>Glydderande</b>, glyd(e)ryng, <i>p. pr.</i> <i>for</i> +glitterande, &c. <a href = "#page7">7.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>14</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Gliteringe.</p> + +<p><b>Glydys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr. for</i> glytys, glitters <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>34</em></a>; ON. glita, to shine.</p> + +<p><b>Go(e)</b>, gon, goo, ȝa, <i>vb.</i> go <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>15, 16</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>15, +16</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>82</em></a>, &c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> gase, goist <a href = "#page12">12.<em>27</em></a>, +<a href = "#page22">22.<em>70</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> ge(e)th, goeth, gois, go(o)th(e), gos(e), goos, gott, +goyth(e), <a href = "#page2">2.<em>13, 28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>13, 14</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>13, +14</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>13, 15</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>16, +17</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>6, 15, 22</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>15, 19</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p><i>3 p. subj.</i> go <a href = "#page3">3.<em>64</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>imp.</i> go <a href = "#page25">25.<em>47</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>God</b>, <i>sb. n. pr.</i> <a href = "#page7">7.<em>23</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>27</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>gen.</i> Goddis <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>124</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gold(e)</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page3">3.<em>61</em></a>, +<a href = "#page5">5.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>13, +14</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Good</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page34">34.<em>57</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Goode</b>, <i>sb.</i> property, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>43</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> goodis <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>112</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gospel</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Govern</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page12">12.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Grace</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page22">22.<em>70</em></a><ins +class = "correction" title = "printed ; for ,">, </ins><a href = +"#page26">26.<em>61</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Grauiþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> buries, covers up, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>52</em></a>; OE. grafan.</p> + +<p><b>Grawnte</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> grant <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Grene</b>, <i>a.</i> green <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gret</b>(<b>e</b>), grit, <i>a.</i> great <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>44</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>12, 17</em></a>, <a href = "#page33">33.<em>52, +56</em></a>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>80</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Grimliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> terribly <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Grouer</b>, <i>sb.</i> a kind of fur, <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>; OF. gros vair, <i>opposed to</i> menu vair, +minever.</p> + +<p><b>Grounde</b>, <i>sb.</i> bottom, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>77</em></a>; cf. OE. helle grund.</p> + +<p><b>Groy</b>, <i>sb.</i> grey fur, <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>,</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>erron. for</i> grey, <i>or perhaps contamination of</i> ME. gra, +gro (ON. grãr) <i>with</i> grey (OE. grǣg).</p> +<p>Cf. Berners <i>Froiss.</i> II. ccii. 622, furred with Myneuere and +gray.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Grucche</b>, <i>sb.</i> grudge <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>55</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset">To strive of grucche, to strive against as a +grievance.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Guo</b>, <i>vb.</i> go <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>15</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gynneþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> begins <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>15</em></a>.</p> +</div> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_H" id = "letter_H">Haf(e)</a></b>, <i>vb.</i> have +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>8, 20</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>8, +20</em></a>, <a href = "#page12">12.<em>8, 20, 22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hallys</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> halls <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>63</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hame</b>, <i>sb.</i> home <a href = "#page30">30.<em>7</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>7</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hande</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page24">24.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Happe</b>, <i>vb.</i> wrap <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hard(e)</b>, herd, <i>a.</i> hard <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>8, 12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>8</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Hart</b>, herte, <i>sb.</i> heart <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>46</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hartily</b>, hertili, hertly, <i>adv.</i> heartily <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>40</em></a>, <a href = "#page18">18<ins class = +"correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>39</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Haste</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hate</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page22">22.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hate</b>, <i>vb.</i> hate;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> hatid <a href = "#page2">2.<em>26</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> hated, hatid, hatyd(e) <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>2</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page13">13.<em>3</em></a>, +<a href = "#page14">14.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = +"#page16">16.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>26</em></a>, +<a href = "#page20">20.<em>2</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Hauntist</b>, <i>vb. 2 p. pr.</i> practisest habitually <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Haue</b>, have, haf(e), <i>vb.</i> have <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>8, 20</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>8, 20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>10, 22</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>8, +20</em></a>, &c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>1 p. pr.</i> haue <a href = "#page28">28.<em>44</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> hase, hast(e), <a href = "#page12">12.<em>25, +28</em></a>, <a href = "#page13">13.<em>29</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> has(e), hath(e) <a href = "#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>, +<a href = "#page2">2.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>2, +3</em></a>, <a href = "#page12">12.<em>1, 11</em></a>, &c.; hes +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>2, 11</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>2, +11</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pr. pl.</i> haue <a href = "#page29">29.<em>61</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>imp.</i> haue <a href = "#page28">28.<em>52</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. subj.</i> haue <a href = "#page34">34.<em>65</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> had(e), heuede <a href = "#page1">1.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page29">29.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>72</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Haueþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> has <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>13</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hede</b>, <i>sb.</i> head <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>48</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hede</b>, <i>sb.</i> heed <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Heere</b>, here, <i>adv.</i> <a href = +"#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>40, +45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Heghe</b>, hey, <i>v.</i> hiȝ <a href = "#page6">6.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>4</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hel(e)</b>, hell, <i>vb.</i> hell <a href = "#page25">25.<em>40, +58</em></a>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>77</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Helle-feste</b>, <i>sb.</i> Hell-fortress +<a href = "#page45a">45.<em>32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Helpe</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page26">26.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Helpyne</b>, <i>vb. 3 pl. pr.</i> help <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hend</b>, <i>a.</i> gracious <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>75</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hennys</b>, <i>adv.</i> hence <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>82</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Herd</b>, herte, hertili, <i>v.</i> Hard, Hart, Hartily.</p> + +<p><b>Hete</b>, <i>sb.</i> heat <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>43</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Heuen(e)</b>, heuyn, heyuyn(e), heywyn, <i>sb.</i> heaven <a href += "#page15">15.<em>43</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page25">25<ins class = "correction" +title = ". invisible">.</ins><em>40, 52</em></a>, +<a href = "#page26">26.<em>63</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>82</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Heuy</b>, <i>a.</i> heavy <a href = "#page9">9.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hicht</b>, <i>sb.</i> height <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>4</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hide</b>, hyde, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page15">15.<em>29</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hider</b>, hidir, hyder, <i>adv.</i> hither <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hidiose</b>, hidous, <i>a.</i> hideous <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>31</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hiȝ</b>, hihe, heghe, hey, hy(e), hyȝ, hygh(e), <i>a. & +adv.</i> high <a href = "#page5">5.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>4</em></a>, <a href += "#page8">8.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>3</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>4, +11</em></a>, <a href = "#page12">12.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>7</em></a>, +<a href = "#page16">16.<em>6, 51</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>100</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset">hiere (higher) <a href = +"#page20">20.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hille</b>, hylle, <i>sb.</i> hill <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>36</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>51</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>50</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>132</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hold</b>, <i>vb<ins class = "correction" title = "superfluous ;"> +</ins>3 p. pr.</i> holdys <a href = "#page32">32.<em>16</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pp.</i> hold <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hold</b>, <i>a.</i> faithful <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>63</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Holy</b>, <i>a.</i> holy <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>132</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page54" id = "page54">54</a></span> +<p><b>Hom(e)</b>, hoom, whom(e), <i>sb.</i> home <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>7</em></a>, <a href += "#page11">11.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>9</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>9</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> hame.</p> + +<p><b>Honger</b>, <i>sb.</i> hunger <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Honour</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page27">27.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Houe</b>, hove, how(e) <i>conj.</i> how <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>4, 6</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>4, 6</em></a>, +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>4, 6</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Hows</b>, <i>sb.</i> house <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hundred</b>, <i>num.</i> <a href = "#page2">2.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Hyeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> hastens <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>7</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_I" id = "letter_I">Iboren</a></b>, <i>pp.</i> born +<a href = "#page45a">45.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ibouȝt</b>, <i>pp.</i> redeemed <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Icoren</b>, <i>pp. a.</i> chosen ones <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>35</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Idiȝte</b>, <i>pp.</i> placed, set <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Igete</b>, <i>pp.</i> got <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ignawe</b>, <i>pp.</i> devoured <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ihere</b>, <i>vb.</i> hear <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iknawe</b>, <i>vb.</i> know <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>24</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Ilich</b>, alike <a href = "#page1">1.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ille</b>, ylle, <i>a. & adv.</i> ill <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>47</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>122</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ilor</b>, <i>pp.</i> lost <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>42</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Loste.</p> + +<p><b>Imeten</b>, <i>pp.</i> measured <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Inow(e)</b>, ynoh, enough <a href = "#page1">1.<em>2, 4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page32">32.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Iseoþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> sees <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Islawe</b>, <i>pp.</i> slain <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>22</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Iustly</b>, <i>adv.</i> justly <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iustyse</b>, <i>sb.</i> justice, judge, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>100</em></a>.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Iuynt</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> joins <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iworthe</b>, <i>vb.</i> become <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>16</em></a>.</p> +</div> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_K" id = "letter_K">Karful</a></b>, <i>a.</i> +grievous, sad, full of care, <a href = "#page26">26.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>King</b>, kyng(e), <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>39</em></a>, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>5</em></a>, <a href += "#page7">7.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>7</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>5</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Klyng</b>, <i>v.</i> clinge.</p> + +<p><b>Kniȝt</b>, knyght, <i>sb.</i> knight <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>39</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Know</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page27">27.<em>23</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> knowethe <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Knyȝthode</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_L" id = "letter_L">Labour</a></b>, <i>vb.</i> +<a href = "#page23">23.<em>103</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ladis</b>, <i>sb.</i> Lady’s <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lang</b>, long, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page3">3.<em>50, +64</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>45</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lappe</b>, <i>vb.</i> wrap <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Last(e)</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page4">4.<em>73</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>22</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset">at þe last <a href = "#page33">33.<em>39</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Late</b>, lete, lett, <i>vb. imp.</i> let <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>34</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>49</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>127</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lay</b>, <i>vb.<ins class = "correction" title = "superfluous ;"> +</ins>3 p. pr.</i> layes <a href = "#page32">32.<em>3</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> leyd(e) <a href = "#page1">1.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>24</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> layd(e) <a href = "#page33">33.<em>44, 54</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>64</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Lede</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> lead <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>58</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>82</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Leinþ</b>, <i>sb.</i> length <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Leniþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> rewards <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>78</em></a>. OE. lēanian.</p> + +<p><b>Lent(e)</b>, y-lent, <i>pp.</i> lent, granted <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>28</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>40</em></a><ins class = "correction" title = +"printed . for ;">; </ins>OE. lǣnan.</p> + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p><b>Lere</b>, <i>vb.</i> teach <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Leste</b>, <i>vb.</i> last <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>31</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Lest(e)</b>, <i>conj.</i> <a href = "#page4">4.<em>76</em></a>, +<a href = "#page25">25.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Leve</b>, lyffe, <i>vb.</i> live <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>35</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> leuyst, leuuyst <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>50</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>62</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> lyueth <a href = "#page23">23.<em>105</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>imp.</i> lyffe <a href = "#page19">19.<em>23</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> levyd <a href = "#page34">34.<em>57</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Lewe</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> leave <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lif(e)</b>, liif, lyf(e), lyffe, <i>sb.</i> life <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>23</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>29</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>1</em></a>, +<a href = "#page20">20.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Liȝt</b>, lyt, <i>vb.</i> alight, descend;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> lytyd <a href = "#page34">34.<em>75</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> liȝt <a href = "#page2">2.<em>40</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Like</b>, lyk(e), <i>conj.</i> like <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>15</em></a>, +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>15</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>List</b>, lyst, <i>vb.</i> desire <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>47</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> liste <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Liuerei</b>, <i>sb.</i> livery, <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Logege</b>, <i>vb.</i> lodge <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Loke</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> look <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lond</b>, <i>sb.</i> land <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>73</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lord(e)</b>, <i>nom. pr.</i> <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>47</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>125</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Loste</b>, <i>vb. p. pl.</i> lost <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>28</em></a>.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Ilor.</p> + +<p><b>Loth</b>, <i>a.</i> loth, unwilling <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Loue</b>, <i>sb.</i> love <a href = "#page23">23.<em>119</em></a>, +<a href = "#page25">25.<em>45</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>13</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Loue</b>, love, <i>vb.</i> love;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> louyst <a href = "#page22">22.<em>77</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> loues, -is, -ys, <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>29</em></a>;</p> +<p>loueth, -yth, loveth, -yth(e), loweth <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>31</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>17</em></a>;</p> +<p>lu(i)ffis, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>17</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> loued, louyd(e) <a href = "#page5">5.<em>23</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>29</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>3</em></a>, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Louerd</b>, <i>sb.</i> Lord <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lowȝ</b>, <i>adv.</i> low <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lust</b>, <i>sb.</i> desire <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>83</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Luþer</b>, <i>a.</i> wicked <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Lutil</b>, <i>adv.</i> little <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ly</b>, <i>vb.</i> lie <a href = "#page32">32.<em>26</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> lyis <a href = "#page24">24.<em>30</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pl. pr.</i> lye <a href = "#page26">26.<em>32</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Lyffe</b>, lyneth, <i>v.</i> Leve.</p> + +<p><b>Lykyng</b>, <i>p. pr.</i> pleasing, desirable <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_M" id = "letter_M">Mai</a></b>, may(e), <i>vb. pr. +sg.</i> may <a href = "#page1">1.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>4</em></a>, &c., +&c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>pl.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>45</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> moue <a href = "#page25">25.<em>56</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> myght, myth <a href = "#page7">7.<em>4, 24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>4</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Maistri</b>, <i>sb.</i> mastery, lordship <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>37</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> maistres <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Make</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> <a href = "#page15">15.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>66</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>36</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> mase <a href = "#page12">12.<em>26</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> maketh, -ith, -yth(e) <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>3</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>32</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>2</em></a>, +<a href = "#page16">16.<em>2</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> madist, -yst <a href = "#page14">14.<em>33</em></a>, +<a href = "#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = +"#page18">18.<em>47</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> mad(e) <a href = "#page26">26.<em>69</em></a>, <a href += "#page32">32.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>69</em></a>;</p> +<p>maid <a href = "#page30">30.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>27</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>p. pr.</i> makyng <a href = "#page22">22.<em>90</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> made <a href = "#page20">20.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>87</em></a>, <a href = "#page23">23.<em>101</em></a>, +<a href = "#page27">27.<em>24</em></a>;</p> +<p>maked, -id, <a href = "#page1">1.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>23</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>21</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Man</b>, mon, <i>sb.</i> man <a href = "#page4">4.<em>71, +77</em></a>, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>17, 24</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Maner</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page22">22.<em>96</em></a>; any +maner wise, any kind of way.</p> + +<p><b>Many</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page11">11.<em>12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>76</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mast</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page34">34.<em>59</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mede</b>, <i>sb.</i> meed, reward <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>77</em></a>, <a href = "#page33">33.<em>43</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> meden <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mekyl</b>, <i>a.</i> much <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>49</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Moche, myche.</p> + +<p><b>Mercy</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Merwel</b>, <i>sb.</i> marvel <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page55" id = "page55">55</a></span> +<p><b>Miȝte</b>, <i>sb.</i> power, might <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>37</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Miseislich</b>, <i>adv.</i> uncomfortably <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Moche</b>, myche, <i>a.</i> much <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>77</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page15">15.<em>32</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>v.</i> Mekyl.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Moder</b>, <i>sb.</i> mother <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mold</b>, <i>sb.</i> mould, pattern, <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>62</em></a>; OFr. modle.</p> + +<p><b>Mold(e)</b>, moolde, moulde, mowld<ins class = "correction" title += "opening ( missing">(e)</ins>, <i>sb.</i> mould, earth <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>13</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>15</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Molys</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> moles <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mone</b>, <i>sb.</i> moan <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>90</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>More</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page6">6.<em>15</em></a>, +<a href = "#page28">28.<em>34</em></a>, <a href = "#page33">33.<em>35, +36</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p>moo <a href = "#page22">22.<em>80</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>40</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Most(e)</b>, moost, <i>adv.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>2</em></a>, <a href += "#page14">14.<em>1</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Moue</b>, <i>vb. 2 p. pr.</i> may <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>56</em></a>; see Mai.</p> + +<p><b>Muntid</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>16</em></a> (<i>glossed</i> metitur) measures, appoints; +OE. myntan, to intend, propose, hint.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Mychfulliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> greatly, at so +great cost <a href = "#page43a">43.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mynd(e)</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>38</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Myrth(e)</b>, <i>sb.</i> mirth, joy <a href = "#page26">26.<em>64, +66</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Myscheue</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> come to grief, meet with misfortune +<a href = "#page16">16.<em>49</em></a>, <a href = +"#page18">18.<em>48</em></a>; OF. meschever.</p> + +<p><b>Myschyffe</b>, <i>sb.</i> misfortune, evil plight <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>34</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mysdon</b>, misdone <a href = "#page34">34.<em>66</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Myse</b>, <i>vb.</i> miss <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mysgete</b>, <i>p.</i> misgotten <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>112</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Mysplese</b>, <i>vb.</i> displease <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>43</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>42</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_N" id = "letter_N">Naked</a></b>, nakid, -it, +-yd(e), -yt, <i>a.</i> naked <a href = "#page5">5.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>37</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>32</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Namyd</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. p.</i> named <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>69</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nawte</b>, <i>pr.</i>, <i>v.</i> Nocht, noght.</p> + +<p><b>Nede</b>, <i>sb.</i> need <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>80</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Netfulliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> of necessity +<a href = "#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Neuer(e)</b>, neuyr(e), never, nevyr, <i>adv.</i> never <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>21</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>58</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Niȝt</b>, nyȝt, nyght, nyht, <i>sb.</i> night <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>78</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nim</b>, <i>vb.</i> take <a href = "#page1">1.<em>2</em></a>, OE. +niman.</p> + +<p><b>Noblenes</b>, <i>sb.</i> high estate, nobility <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nobley</b>, nobylay, <i>sb.</i> noble estate or condition <a href += "#page10">10.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>2</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nobul</b>, <i>a.</i> noble <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>2</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nocht</b>, noght(e), nogth, noht, nouȝt, nought(e), nowght, nawte, +<i>pr.</i> nought <a href = "#page5">5.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>2</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>4</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Non(e)</b>, <i>pr.</i> none <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>92</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>27</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>61</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nor</b>, <i>conj.</i> than <a href = "#page30">30.<em>16</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nother</b>, <i>conj.</i> neither <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Nothing(e)</b>, nothyng(e), <i>pr.</i> nothing <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>6</em></a>, <a href += "#page24">24.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Now(e)</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + + +<div class = "addenda"> +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_O" id = "letter_O">Of-souȝt</a></b>, <i>pp.</i> +attacked <a href = "#page43a">43.<em>18</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Old(e)</b>, <i>a.</i> old <a href = "#page28">28.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page34">34.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Onkynde</b>, <i>a.</i> unkind, unnatural <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>47</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Oode</b>, <i>sb.</i> odd <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>51</em></a>,</p> +<p class = "inset">for oode ne for ewyne, for odd nor even, on no +account.</p> + +<p><b>Opon</b>, <i>prep.</i> <i>var. of</i> upon <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>1, 2</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Or</b>, <i>adv.</i> before <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>113</em></a>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>50</em></a>; +OE. ǣr.</p> + +<p><b>Ordande</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. p.</i> ordained <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Oribyll</b>, <i>a.</i> horrible <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Othe</b>, <i>sb.</i> oath <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Oþer</b>, <i>a.</i> other <a href = "#page1">1.<em>2</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Other</b>, owther, owþir, <i>conj.</i> either, or <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>18</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Our(e)s</b>, ouris, -us, -ys, owres, -is, -ys, owrris, houris, +<i>pron.</i> ours <a href = "#page5">5.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>10</em></a>, +&c, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Owris</b>, ? ours <a href = "#page24">24.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_P" id = "letter_P">Pale</a></b>, <i>a.</i> <a href += "#page28">28.<em>32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Palfrei</b>, palfreye, <i>sb.</i> palfrey <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>49</em></a>, <a href = "#page32">32.<em>20</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Paradys</b>, <i>sb.</i> Paradise <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>70</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Parting</b>, partyng(e), parttynge, <i>sb.</i> parting, +leave-taking, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>11</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>10</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Pas(e)</b>, passe, <i>vb.</i> pass <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>34</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Payne</b>, <i>sb.</i> pain <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>108</em></a>,</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> paynes, peynes, peynys <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>47</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>126</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Paynt(e)</b>, peynte, <i>vb.</i> paint <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>63</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Pepul</b>, <i>sb.</i> people, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Perische</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> perish <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>99</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Petous</b>, petus, <i>a.</i> <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page20">20.<em>20</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Piteuous.</p> + +<p><b>Petrus</b>, <i>a.</i> ? piteous <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Piteuous</b>, pyteous, pytous, pytyus, <i>a.</i> piteous <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = "#page13">13.<em>12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page14">14.<em>11</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Place</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page25">25.<em>48</em></a>, +<a href = "#page26">26.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Playn</b>, <i>a.</i> plain <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>47</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Plese</b>, <i>vb.</i>, please <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>95</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Plowe</b>, <i>sb.</i> plough <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>15</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Poor(e)</b>, por(e), pure, <i>a.</i> poor <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>25, +39</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>24</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Pore</b>, <i>sb.</i> the poor, <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Portratowre</b>, <i>sb.</i> portraiture <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>48</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Praie</b>, <b>pray(e)</b>, preye, <i>vb.</i> <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>27</em></a>, +&c.,</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>imp.</i> <a href = "#page13">13.<em>31</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>46</em></a>, <a href = "#page18">18.<em>45</em></a>, +<a href = "#page29">29.<em>63</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>1 p. pr.</i> <a href = "#page9">9.<em>27</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pr. pl.</i> <a href = "#page7">7.<em>23</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Prankys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> to show oneself off, strut, +parade <a href = "#page32">32.<em>20</em></a>; MDu. pronken.</p> + +<p><b>Pride</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page33">33.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Prode</b>, proud, prowde, prowt, prude, <i>a.</i> proud <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>23</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page56" id = "page56">56</a></span> +<p class = "addenda"><b>Prude</b>, <i>sb.</i> pride <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Prykys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> to spur one’s horse <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>20</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Punsched</b>, <i>pp.</i> punished <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>108</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Purvey</b>, purway, <i>vb.</i> make provision <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>52</em></a>; provide, furnish <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Pyne</b>, <i>sb.</i> pain <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>59</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_Q" id = "letter_Q">Quene</a></b>, <i>sb.</i> queen +<a href = "#page3">3.<em>49</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Queynt(e)</b>, <i>a.</i> ingenious, elaborate, fine <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>21</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Queytith</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> requiteth <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>93</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Quhen</b>, quhone, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page30">30.<em>7, 11, +19</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>7, 11, 19</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Whan(ne), when(ne).</p> + +<p><b>Quhill</b>, quhy, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>23, 26</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>23, 26</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> While, Whi.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_R" id = "letter_R">Race</a></b>, <i>vb.</i> to tear +away, snatch <a href = "#page22">22.<em>72</em></a>; OF. racher, -ier, +<i>from</i> arrachier.</p> + +<p><b>Ragged</b>, raggid, <i>a.</i> <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>29</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rakid</b>, <i>pp.</i> raked, covered, buried <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>25</em></a>; +ON. raka to scrape, rake, cf. Ch. Monkes T. 143 in hoote coles he hath +hym seluen raked.</p> + +<p><b>Rank</b>, <i>a.</i> proud, haughty <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rather(e)</b>, rathar, rathyr, <i>adv.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>16</em></a>, +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>20</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Recke</b>, <i>vb.</i> reck, care, heed <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rede</b>, <i>vb.</i> read <a href = "#page25">25.<em>47</em></a>; +guide, direct <a href = "#page33">33.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rekenyng</b>(<b>e</b>), rikenynge, <i>sb.</i> account <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>42</em></a>, <a href = "#page18">18.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rekyn</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> reckon, take count of <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>37</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Renown</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rent</b>, to-rent, <i>pp.</i> rent, torn <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>29</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>42</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>45</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rent(e)</b>, <i>sb.</i> revenue, income, tribute <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>7</em></a>, <a href += "#page10">10.<em>7</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> rentes, -is, -ys, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>7</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>9</em></a>, <a href += "#page11">11.<em>7</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Repente</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>121</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Resoune</b>, <i>sb.</i> reason <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>118</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Reste</b>, <i>vb.</i> rest <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>48</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Restore</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>111</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rewful</b>, rewfulle, <i>a.</i> rueful <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>35</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>34</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Riche</b>, rych, <i>sb.</i> rich <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page25">25.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Right</b>, <i>sb.</i> righteousness, good <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Right</b>, riht, ryght, <i>a.</i> <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>82</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page5">5.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>58</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Risynge</b>, <i>sb.</i> uprising, resurrection <a href = +"#page18">18.<em>40</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>56</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rode</b>, roode, <i>sb.</i> rood <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>45</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>78</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rof</b>, <i>sb.</i> roof <a href = "#page2">2.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page32">32.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ros</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. p.</i> rose <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>79</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ruli</b>, ruly, <i>a. or adv.</i> rueful(ly) <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>29</em></a><ins +class = "correction" title = "printed , for ;">; </ins>OE. hrēowlīe.</p> + +<p><b>Ryches</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> riches <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Rydys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> rides <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_S" id = "letter_S">Sake</a></b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href += "#page33">33.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Salle</b>, <i>sb.</i> hall, palace, court <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Same</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page32">32.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Saule</b>, <i>sb.</i> soul <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>32</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Soule.</p> + +<p><b>Save</b>, sawe, <i>vb.</i> save <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>77</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> sauyd <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>76</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Say</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page12">12.<em>21</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> sais(e), sase <a href = "#page6">6.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>10</em></a><ins class = "correction" title = +"printed , for ;">; </ins></p> +<p>saith(e), sayth(e) <a href = "#page5">5.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page20">20.<em>27</em></a>, +<a href = "#page22">22.<em>91</em></a>;</p> +<p>sayis, says <a href = "#page10">10.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>10</em></a><ins +class = "correction" title = "printed , for ;">; </ins></p> +<p>seiþ, seyth, seth <a href = "#page7">7.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>13</em></a>, +&c.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Schal</b>, shall, <i>vb.</i> shall;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>2 p. pr.</i> schalt, <a href = "#page2">2.<em>29</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> sal(e), sc(h)al, schall(e), shall(e) <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>8, 12</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>8, 16</em></a>, +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>6, 20</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p><i>pl.</i> schullen <a href = "#page2">2.<em>18</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> schuldist <a href = "#page22">22.<em>80</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> scholde, schould(e), schuld(e), shuld, sold, sulde +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>15</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>15, +23</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>23</em></a>, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Scharp(e)</b>, sharp(e), <i>a.</i> sharp <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>12</em></a>, +&c.</p> + +<p><b>Sched</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. p.</i> shed <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Schend</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> shame, disgrace <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>76</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pp.</i> schent <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>55</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Schene</b>, <i>a.</i> bright, beautiful <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Schouris</b>, -ys, schowres, -is, -ys, shour(e)s, showres, -is, +<i>sb. pl.</i> <a href = "#page5">5.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>14</em></a>, +&c., &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset">scowrrys <a href = "#page6">6.<em>12</em></a>, +schorrys <a href = "#page24">24.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Schroud</b>, schrud, shroude, shrowde, <i>sb.</i> clothing <a href += "#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page17">17.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Scowrrys</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> <a href = "#page6">6.<em>12</em></a>, +showers; (<i>or perh.</i> stourrys, battles, tumults, OF. estor, +estour).</p> + +<p><b>Secatours</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> executors <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>24</em></a>, ME. <i>also</i> secetour, sectour.</p> + +<p><b>Securlye</b>, <i>adv.</i> certainly, surely, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>66</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Seluen</b>, <i>pron.</i> self <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sely</b>, <i>a.</i> blessed <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>24</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset">simple <a href = "#page32">32.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sen</b>, syn, <i>conj.</i> since <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = "#page25">25.<em>34</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Seruyse</b>, <i>sb.</i> service <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>94</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Set</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> sattys <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>4</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pp.</i> set(e), sett(e), ysette <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>3</em></a>, <a href += "#page7">7.<em>3</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Seth(e)</b>, sethen, sith, syth, <i>conj.</i> since <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>24</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page29">29.<em>60</em></a>, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Seven</b>, <i>nu.</i> <a href = "#page32">32.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Seynt Powlis</b>, <a href = "#page28">28.<em>48</em></a> St. +Paul’s.</p> + +<p><b>Shewith</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> shews <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>49</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Short</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>36</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Shyne</b>, <i>vb.</i> shine <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sin</b>, synne, <i>sb.</i> sin, <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>76</em></a>, <a href = "#page23">23.<em>115</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Skin</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page2">2.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page57" id = "page57">57</a></span> +<p><b>Skyle</b>, <i>sb.</i> reason <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Slogh</b>, <i>sb.</i> slough, skin, covering, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Smarte</b>, <i>sb.</i> smart, pain <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>17</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Smele</b>, <i>vb.</i> smell <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Socowre</b>, <i>sb.</i> succour <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Soffyre</b>, sofur, <i>vb.</i> <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>16</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Suffer.</p> + +<p><b>Solde</b>, <i>pp.</i> sold <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>73</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sone</b>, <i>adv.</i> soon <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>48</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset">sonar, sone(a)r <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>16</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sore</b>, <i>a.</i> sore, grievous <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>104</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page15">15.<em>33</em></a>, +<a href = "#page23">23.<em>116</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sorow(e)</b>, <i>sb.</i> sorrow <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>84</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>81</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Soule</b>, sowle, <i>sb.</i> soul <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>63</em></a>, <a href = "#page33">33.<em>38</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Saule.</p> + +<p><b>Space</b>, <i>sb.</i> space of time, respite <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>63</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sped(e)</b>, <i>vb.</i> speed <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>81</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Spille</b>, spylle, <i>vb.</i> perish, be destroyed <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>34</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>49</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>128</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Starte</b>, <i>sb.</i> a sudden movement <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>18</em></a>.</p> +<p class = "inset">Thi lyfe ys but a starte, but for a moment.</p> + +<p><b>Stede</b>, <i>sb.</i> steed <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Stelis</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> steals <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>17</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Steyuyne</b>, <i>sb.</i> voice <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>49</em></a>; OE. stefn.</p> + +<p><b>Stie</b>, stye, <i>vb.</i> ascend, mount <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>36</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>51</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>50</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>132</em></a>; OE. stīgan.</p> + +<p><b>Stille</b>, <i>adv.</i> silently <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>126</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Stink</b>, stynk(e), <i>sb.</i> stink <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>22</em></a>, +<a href = "#page30">30.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>20</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Stounde</b>, <i>sb.</i> hour <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>75</em></a>; OE. stund.</p> + +<p><b>Stourrys</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> conflicts <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>12</em></a>; OF. estor, (<i>probably</i> Scourrys; +<i>v.</i> Schouris).</p> + +<p><b>Stoute</b>, stowte, <i>a.</i> bold, proud <a href = +"#page8">8.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>23</em></a>, +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>38</em></a>, &c.; cf. OF. estout.</p> + +<p><b>Streinþ</b>, <i>sb.</i> force, violence <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>53</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Streite</b>, streyt, <i>a.</i> close, exact <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>42</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>58</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Streytly</b>, <i>adv.</i> closely <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Strive</b>, stryue, <i>vb.</i> <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>72</em></a>, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>55</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Stronge</b>, <i>a.</i> strong <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>59</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Styeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> ascends, mounts +up <a href = "#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Styke</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page5">5.<em>20</em></a>, +<i>erron. for</i> stynke.</p> + +<p><b>Suffer</b>, -ir(e), -yr(e), suffre, soffyre, sofur, <i>vb.</i> +suffer <a href = "#page5">5.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>12</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page24">24.<em>16</em></a>, +&c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>2 p. p.</i> sufferdyst, suffredist, suffridist +<a href = "#page14">14.<em>32</em></a>, <a href = +"#page16">16.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = "#page18">18.<em>47</em></a>, +<a href = "#page23">23.<em>126</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Sullen</b>, <i>vb. 1 pl. pr.</i> shall <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Superflue</b>, <i><ins class = "correction" +title = ". missing">a.</ins></i> superfluous +<a href = "#page15">15.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sweet(e)</b>, sweit, swet(e), swett, <i>vb.</i> sweat <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>18</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page21">21.<em>48</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>18</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> swetys <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Swerys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> swears <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Swink(e)</b>, swynk(e), <i>vb.</i> toil, labour, <i>ref. as +for</i> sweet(e) <i>supra</i>.</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> swynkes <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Swynkynge</b>, labour, exertion <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>104</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Symple</b>, <i>a.</i> simple <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>34</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Syttythe</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> sits <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_T" id = "letter_T">Take</a></b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href += "#page33">33.<em>37, 39</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>imp.</i> <a href = "#page24">24.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>49</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> takys <a href = "#page32">32.<em>2</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> tokist <a href = "#page23">23.<em>125</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> toc, toke <a href = "#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>, <a href += "#page34">34.<em>81</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> taken <a href = "#page12">12.<em>31</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Tent</b>, <i>sb.</i> heed, attention <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>49</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Teriþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> tears <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Than(ne)</b>, then(ne), <i>adv.</i> then, <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page2">2.<em>18</em></a>, <a href += "#page5">5.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>8</em></a>, +&c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>That</b>, <i>pron. and conj.</i> <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>17</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> þose <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>10</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Thenk</b>, think(e), thynk, <i>vb.</i> think <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>40</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>39</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>46</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>imp.</i> <a href = "#page4">4.<em>72</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>42</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>1 p. pr.</i> <a href = "#page8">8.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>17</em></a>;</p> +<p>methink(e), thynke, thynkes <a href = "#page5">5.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>17</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> þenkiþ, thenkys <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>9</em></a>;</p> +<p>thinkis, thynketh(e), -ith, -yth(e), -is, -ys(e), thyngkethe, +thyngkys <a href = "#page5">5.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>6</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>8</em></a>, <a href += "#page9">9.<em>4</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>6</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>10</em></a>, <a href = +"#page16">16.<em>8</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>6</em></a>, +&c.;</p> +<p><i>p. pr.</i> thynkyng <a href = "#page20">20.<em>16</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Þilke</b>, <i>pron.</i> that same <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>This</b>, thys, <i>pron.</i> <a href = "#page5">5.<em>10</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>10</em></a>, &c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>pl.</i> these <a href = "#page13">13.<em>14</em></a>;</p> +<p>þir <a href = "#page30">30.<em>10</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Thocht</b>, thoght(e), thought(e), þouȝt(e), thouthe, thowght(e), +thowht, thowth, <i>sb.</i> thought <a href = "#page5">5.<em>3</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>3, +22</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>5, 28</em></a>, <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>2, 26</em></a>, <a href = "#page10">10.<em>3, +26</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>3, 26</em></a>, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>1</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Thynkynge</b>, <i>sb.</i> thought, consideration, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>54</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Thorow</b>, <i>prep.</i> through, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>72</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Þre</b>, <i>nu.</i> three <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>42</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Þroh</b>, þrouȝ, <i>sb.</i> coffin, <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = "#page2">2.<em>42</em></a>; <ins +class = "correction" title = "text has ‘O.E.’">OE.</ins> þrūh.</p> + +<p><b>Thouh</b>, þouw, <i>conj.</i> though <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>50</em></a>, <a href = "#page21">21.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Till</b>, <i>prep.</i> to, <a href = "#page30">30.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page31">31.<em>4</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Toght</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page32">32.<em>16</em></a>, +<i>prob. erron. for</i> togh, tough;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>rimes</i> plowe, slogh, inowe.</p> + +<p><b>Torn(e)</b>, turn(e), <i>vb.</i> turn <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>28</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>26</em></a>, +&c., &c.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Totoren</b>, <i>pp.</i> torn, rent <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>34</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Tour(e)s</b>, -is, -ys, towres, -is, -ys, towrrys, <i>sb.</i> +towers <a href = "#page3">3.<em>65</em></a>, <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>9</em></a>, <a href += "#page7">7.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>9</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>9</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Toward</b>, <i>prep.</i> <a href = "#page2">2.<em>14</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Trauayles</b>, traue(i)list, traueylist, <i>vb.</i></p> +<p class = "inset"><i>2 p. pr.</i> labourest <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>20</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>62</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Trede</b>, <i>vb.</i> tread;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pp.</i> ytrede <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>114</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Trewth</b>, trowthe, <i>sb.</i> truth <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>104</em></a>, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>47</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Tristyn</b>, <i>vb.</i> trust <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>95</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>imp.</i> trust <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Turment</b>, <i>sb.</i> torment <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>31</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>30</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>44</em></a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page58" id = "page58">58</a></span> +<p><b>Tyllys</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> tills the ground, <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>15</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Tyme</b>, <i>sb.</i> time, <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_U" id = "letter_U">Unclade</a></b>, <i>a.</i> +<a href = "#page25">25.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Undeuout</b>, <i>a.</i> undevout, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Unresonably</b>, <i>adv.</i> unreasonably, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>48</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Unreydy</b>, <i>a.</i> unready <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>56</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Unsiker</b>, <i>a.</i> uncertain, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>43</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Upon</b>, uppon, vp(p)on, vpoun, <i>prep.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>3, 4, 5</em></a>, &c., <a href = "#page8">8.<em>5, +7</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Apon, Opon, Ypon.</p> + +<p><b>Upsodown</b>, <i>adv.</i> upside-down <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>35</em></a>, <i>from</i> up swa down.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_V" id = "letter_V">Vayn</a></b>, in vayn, in vain +<a href = "#page28">28.<em>55</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Vede</b>, <i>sb.</i>, <i>for</i> weed—dress, apparel <a href += "#page33">33.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Verrid</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> warreth <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b><a name = "letter_W" id = "letter_W">Walk</a></b>, <i>vb.<ins class = +"correction" title = "superfluous ;"> </ins>3 p. p.</i> walkyd <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>71</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>p. pr.</i> walkand <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wan</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wan</b>, <i>vb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>29</em></a>; +<i>v.</i> Win.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Wan</b>(<b>ne</b>), were, when, where <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page45a">45.<em>30, 32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wanton</b>, wantowne, <i>a.</i> <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page19">19.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>64</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wantyng(e)</b>, <i>p. pr.</i> lacking <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>27</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>38</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wars</b>, <i>a.</i> worse <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Waxin</b>, -yne, <i>pp.</i> waxen, grown <a href = +"#page9">9.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page32">32.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Waye</b>, wei, wey(e), <i>sb.</i> way <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>50</em></a>, <a href = "#page25">25.<em>56</em></a>, +<a href = "#page32">32.<em>19</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>82</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Weden</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> weeds, apparel <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>13</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wel(le)</b>, <i>adv.</i> well <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>75</em></a>, <a href = "#page24">24.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Welth</b>, <i>sb.</i> wealth, <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>13</em></a>, <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>65</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wend(e)</b>, <i>vb.</i> wend, go <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>30</em></a>, <a href = "#page4">4.<em>74</em></a>, +<a href = "#page25">25.<em>56</em></a>, <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>24</em></a>;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>pr. pl.</i> wendiþ <a href = "#page2">2.<em>41</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>3 p. p.</i> went <a href = "#page34">34.<em>58</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Wene</b>, <i>vb. 1 pl. pr.</i> think, expect, ween <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>50</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Weriþ</b>, <i>vb. pr. pl.</i> wear <a href = +"#page3">3.<em>51</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Werkis</b>, werkys, <i>sb. pl.</i> works <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>50, 52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Whan(ne)</b>, when(ne), quhen, quhene, <i>adv.</i> when <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page2">2.<em>17</em></a>, <a href += "#page5">5.<em>11</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Whar-of</b>, whereof <a href = "#page4">4.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Whi</b>, why, quhy, <i>conj.</i> <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>17</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>19</em></a>, +&c.</p> + +<p><b>While</b>, whill, quhill, whyl(e), whyles, <i>conj.</i> while +<a href = "#page7">7.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>28</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>26</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>30</em></a>, &c.;</p> +<p class = "inset">the whyle þat <a href = "#page10">10.<em>26</em></a>, +<a href = "#page11">11.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Whoder</b>, <i>adv.</i> whither <a href = +"#page4">4.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wickidli</b>, wickydly, wikkidly, wikyd, wyckydly, wykedly, +wy(k)kydly, wykydely, wykytly, <i>adv.</i> wickedly <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>21</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>27</em></a>, +<a href = "#page10">10.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>29</em></a>, <a href = "#page15">15.<em>44</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>43</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>67</em></a>, <a href = "#page29">29.<em>3, +61</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Will</b>, wyl, wyll(e), wol(e), <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = "#page12">12.<em>18</em></a>, +<a href = "#page13">13.<em>22</em></a>, <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>32</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>48</em></a>, &c.;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. p. & p. pl.</i> wold(e) <a href = "#page5">5.<em>5, +16</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>5, 16</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>5, 20</em></a>, &c., &c.;</p> +<p>wald <a href = "#page30">30.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>16</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Wille</b>, wylle, <i>sb.</i> will <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>35</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>50</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>49</em></a>, <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>130</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Win</b>, <i>vb.</i> to win;</p> + +<div class = "inset"> +<p><i>3 p. pr.</i> wins <a href = "#page31">31.<em>9</em></a>, +wynneth(e), -yth(e), -es, -is, -ys, <a href = "#page5">5.<em>9</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>9</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>9</em></a>, &c., +&c.;</p> +<p><i>2 p. p.</i> wonne <a href = "#page2">2.<em>30</em></a>; <i>3 p. +p.</i> wan <a href = "#page28">28.<em>29</em></a>;</p> +<p><i>pp.</i> iwonne <a href = "#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>.</p> +</div> + +<p><b>Wise</b>, <i>sb.</i> manner, fashion, guise, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>96</em></a>.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Wise</b>, <i>vb.</i> guide, direct <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wisely</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>52</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Within</b>, -inne, -yn, -ynne, <i>adv.</i> <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>19</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Withowttyn</b>, wittovte, <i>prep.</i> without <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>48</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>66</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Witte</b>, <i>sb.</i> wit, intelligence <a href = +"#page23">23.<em>118</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wo</b>, woo, <i>sb.</i> woe <a href = +"#page12">12.<em>32</em></a>, <a href = +"#page22">22.<em>84</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Woh</b>, wow, <i>sb.</i> evil <a href = +"#page1">1.<em>1</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>pl.</i> wowȝ <a href = "#page2">2.<em>41</em></a>. +OE. wōh, wōȝ-, crooked, evil.</p> + +<p><b>Wol(e)</b><ins class = "correction" title = ", missing">, </ins><a +href = "#page15">15.<em>33</em></a>, <a href = +"#page17">17.<em>32</em></a>, <a href = +"#page21">21.<em>48</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>v.</i> Will.</p> + +<p><b>Woman</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page32">32.<em>13</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wonder</b>, -ir(e), wondre, wondur, wondyr, woundyr, <i>sb.</i> +wonder <a href = "#page5">5.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>19</em></a>, +<a href = "#page9">9.<em>17</em></a>, <a href = +"#page10">10.<em>17</em></a>, &c., &c.</p> + +<p><b>Wonderfull</b>, wondirfullie, <i>adv.</i> wonderfully <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page31">31.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wonderly</b>, wondirlie, -ly, wondurly, wondyrly, wounderly, +woundyrely, <i>adv.</i> wondrously <a href = "#page5">5.<em>1</em></a>, +<a href = "#page6">6.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>4</em></a>, <a href += "#page10">10.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page11">11.<em>1</em></a>, +<a href = "#page12">12.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page13">13.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page14">14.<em>4</em></a>, +<a href = "#page16">16.<em>3</em></a>, <a href = +"#page19">19.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page20">20.<em>6</em></a>, +<a href = "#page24">24.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = +"#page30">30.<em>25</em></a>, <a href = +"#page31">31.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Worching(e)</b>, -ynge, <i>p. pr.</i> working <a href = +"#page14">14.<em>35</em></a>, <a href = "#page16">16.<em>50</em></a>, +<a href = "#page18">18.<em>49</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>World</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>29</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Worldly</b>, <i>adv.</i> <a href = "#page27">27.<em>1</em></a>, +<i>perh. erron. for</i> wonderly.</p> + +<p><b>Wormes</b>, -ys, <i>sb. pl.</i> <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = "#page32">32.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page33">33.<em>44, 45, 46</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wor-schyp</b>, -ship, <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page7">7.<em>2</em></a>, <a href = "#page12">12.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Worthy</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page28">28.<em>25, +30</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>sb. pl.</i> worthyes <a href = +"#page27">27.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Worthynes</b>, <i>sb.</i> worthiness, honour, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>40</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wote</b>, wottis, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> knows <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>12</em></a>, <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>46</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. p.</i> wyste <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>67</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wounde</b>, <i>sb.</i> wound <a href = "#page34">34.<em>76, +78</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wrecchid(e)</b>, wreched, -yd, <i>a.</i> wretched <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>20, 24, 28</em></a>, <a href = "#page17">17.<em>19, +23</em></a>, <a href = "#page19">19.<em>17, 21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wrikkend</b>, <i>p. pr.</i> moving, walking <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>13</em></a>; Dan. vrikke, Du. wrikken.</p> + +<p><b>Wrocht</b>, wroght(e), wroht, wroth, wrought(e), wrouȝt(e), +wrouhte, +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page59" id = "page59">59</a></span> +wrout(h)e, wrowght(e), <i>pp.</i> wrought, made <a href = +"#page5">5.<em>1</em></a>, <a href = "#page6">6.<em>1</em></a>, <a href += "#page7">7.<em>1, 23</em></a>, <a href = "#page8">8.<em>1, 27, +29</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>1, 25, 27</em></a>, &c., +&c.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Wrong</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wroten</b>, <i>vb.</i> to root, turn up with the snout <a href = +"#page2">2.<em>18</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> wrotys <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>33</em></a>; <ins class = "correction" +title = "text has ‘O.E.’">OE.</ins> wrotian.</p> + +<p><b>Wroth</b>, <i>a.</i> <a href = "#page33">33.<em>48, +51</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset">(<a href = "#page7">7.<em>1</em></a>, spelling of +wroht, <i>v.</i> Wrocht, wroght).</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Wryeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> turns, inclines +<a href = "#page42a">42.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wryttyne</b>, written <a href = "#page25">25.<em>39</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wyn</b>, <i>sb.</i> joy, pleasure <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wynde</b>, <i>sb.</i> wind <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>48</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wynde</b>, <i>vb.</i> to wind <a href = +"#page32">32.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wyne</b>, <i>sb.</i> wine <a href = +"#page25">25.<em>60</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wyste</b>, <a href = "#page34">34.<em>67</em></a>; <i>v.</i> +Wote.</p> + +<p class = "addenda"><b>Wyte</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> guard, keep <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + + +<p><b>Ya</b>, <i>int.</i> yea, verily <a href = "#page12">12.<em>7, 11, +15</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Yelde</b>, yeelde, ȝeelde, <i>vb.</i> yield, render, pay <a href = +"#page15">15.<em>42</em></a>, <a href = "#page18">18.<em>41</em></a>, +<a href = "#page21">21.<em>58</em></a>;</p> +<p class = "inset"><i>3 p. pr.</i> yeldis <a href = +"#page33">33.<em>56</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Yeȝt</b>, yet, ȝet, yit, ȝit(t), ȝyt(e), <i>adv.</i> yet <a href = +"#page6">6.<em>16</em></a>, <a href = "#page7">7.<em>20</em></a>, +<a href = "#page8">8.<em>18</em></a>, <a href = "#page9">9.<em>12, +16</em></a>, &c.</p> + +<p><b>Yong</b>, <i>a.</i> young, <a href = +"#page28">28.<em>41</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ypon</b>, <i>prep.</i> var. of upon <a href = +"#page11">11.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ȝefe</b>, ȝeyf, <i>vb. imp.</i> give <a href = +"#page24">24.<em>24</em></a>, <a href = +"#page26">26.<em>61</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ȝere</b>, <i>sb. pl.</i> years <a href = +"#page34">34.<em>74</em></a>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page60" id = "page60">60</a></span> +<h2><a name = "addenda" id = "addenda">ADDENDA</a></h2> + +<p class = "center">(from the text in the <a href = +"#app1">Appendix</a>).</p> + +<p class = "mynote"> +This section is included for completeness. All entries have been added +to the main <a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a>.</p> + +<p><b>Afrete</b>, <i>pp.</i> devoured, eaten <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Agrise</b>, <i>vb.</i> tremble, quake <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Alas</b>, <i>int.</i> <a href = "#page43a">43.<em>17</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Alete</b>, <i>vb.</i> to let go, forsake <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>3</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Aryse</b>, <i>vb.</i> arise <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Assise</b>, <i>sb.</i> the Judgement <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Awelden</b>, <i>vb.</i> wield, rule <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Belden</b>, <i>vb.</i> build up <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>12</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Bi-holden</b>, <i>vb.</i> keep, retain <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>10</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Byheste</b>, <i>sb.</i> promise <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>30</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Byhet</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> promises <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>31</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Cheste</b>, <i>sb.</i> strife, dispute <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>29</em></a>; OE. cēast, <i>older</i> cēas, L. +causa.</p> + +<p><b>Coueytise</b>, <i>sb.</i> covetousness <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Crieþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> cries <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>8</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Dedliche</b>, <i>a.</i> deadly <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>14</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Elden</b>, <i>vb.</i> to grow old <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>11</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Endinge</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Eorthe</b>, <i>sb.</i> earth <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>, &c.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Foelle</b>, <i>vb. subj.</i> ? fall <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>20</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Forȝete</b>, <i>pp.</i> forgotten <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>4</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Furloren</b>, <i>pp.</i> lost <a href = +"#page46">46.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Grimliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> terribly <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>28</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Guo</b>, <i>vb.</i> go <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>15</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Gynneþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> begins <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>15</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Haueþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> has <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>13</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Helle-feste</b>, <i>sb.</i> Hell-fortress <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Hyeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> hastens <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>7</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Iboren</b>, <i>pp.</i> born <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ibouȝt</b>, <i>pp.</i> redeemed <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Icoren</b>, <i>pp. a.</i> chosen ones <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Igete</b>, <i>pp.</i> got <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ignawe</b>, <i>pp.</i> devoured <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>23</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Ihere</b>, <i>vb.</i> hear <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iknawe</b>, <i>vb.</i> know <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iseoþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> sees <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>14</em></a>, <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>21</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Islawe</b>, <i>pp.</i> slain <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>22</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iuynt</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> joins <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Iworthe</b>, <i>vb.</i> become <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Lere</b>, <i>vb.</i> teach <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Leste</b>, <i>vb.</i> last <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>31</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Louerd</b>, <i>sb.</i> Lord <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>33</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Luþer</b>, <i>a.</i> wicked <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>9</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Mychfulliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> greatly, at so great cost <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>19</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Netfulliche</b>, <i>adv.</i> of necessity <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Of-souȝt</b>, <i>pp.</i> attacked <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>18</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Prude</b>, <i>sb.</i> pride <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Seluen</b>, <i>pron.</i> self <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>24</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Styeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> ascends, mounts up <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Sullen</b>, <i>vb. 1 pl. pr.</i> shall <a href = +"#page43a">43.<em>16</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Þilke</b>, <i>pron.</i> that same <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>26</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Totoren</b>, <i>pp.</i> torn, rent <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>34</em></a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<b>Wan</b>(<b>ne</b>), were, when, where <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>5</em></a>, <a href = "#page44a">44.<em>25</em></a>, +<a href = "#page45a">45.<em>30, 32</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wise</b>, <i>vb.</i> guide, direct <a href = +"#page44a">44.<em>27</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wrong</b>, <i>sb.</i> <a href = "#page42a">42.<em>1</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wryeþ</b>, <i>vb. 3 p. pr.</i> turns, inclines <a href = +"#page42a">42.<em>6</em></a>.</p> + +<p><b>Wyte</b>, <i>vb. imp.</i> guard, keep <a href = +"#page45a">45.<em>35</em></a>.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div glossary --> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + +<div class = "endnote"> +<h5>Transcriber’s Footnote</h5> + +<p><a name = "endnoteA" id = "endnoteA" href = "#endtagA">A.</a> Printed +footnote:<br /> + <br /> +<img src = "images/page4footnote.png" width = "127" height = "32" +alt = "page image" /></p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Erthe Upon Erthe, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ERTHE UPON ERTHE *** + +***** This file should be named 33768-h.htm or 33768-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/3/7/6/33768/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Charlene Taylor, JackMcJiggins, +David Garcia and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team +at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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