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diff --git a/34311.txt b/34311.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9816914 --- /dev/null +++ b/34311.txt @@ -0,0 +1,641 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, +Mephitis macroura, by Walter W. Dalquest and E. Raymond Hall + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, Mephitis macroura + With Description of a New Subspecies from Mexico + +Author: Walter W. Dalquest + E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: November 13, 2010 [EBook #34311] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HOODED SKUNK, MEPHITIS MACROURA *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, + Mephitis macroura, with Description of a + New Subspecies from Mexico + + BY + + E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 1, No. 24, pp. 575-580, 1 figure in text + January 20, 1950 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1950 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor, + A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 1, No. 24, pp. 575-580, 1 figure in text + January 20, 1950 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1950 + + 23-1544 + + + + + Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, Mephitis + macroura, with Description of a New Subspecies + from Mexico + + By + + E. RAYMOND HALL AND WALTER W. DALQUEST + + +The hooded skunk, _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, can be distinguished +from the only other species in the genus, _Mephitis mephitis_ Schreber, +by the larger tympanic bullae, in the white-backed color phase by having +some black hairs mixed with the white hairs of the back, and in the +black-backed phase by having the two white stripes widely separated and +on the sides of the animal instead of narrowly separated and on the back +of the animal. The starting point for taxonomic work with _Mephitis_ is +A. H. Howell's "Revision of the skunks of the genus Chincha (N. Amer. +Fauna, 20, 1901)." Of the species _Mephitis macroura_, Howell (_op. +cit._) recognized three subspecies: _M. m. macroura_, _M. m. milleri_, +and _M. m. vittata_. + +The species _M. macroura_ is restricted to the arid region made up +mostly of the Mexican Plateau. Also, wherever the species occurs beyond +this Plateau, as for example in Guatemala, at San Mateo del Mar in +Oaxaca, in the vicinity of Piedras Negras in Veracruz, and in southern +Arizona, aridity is marked. Whether the species has a continuous +distribution from the southern end of the Mexican tableland southward to +Duenas in Guatemala is not known but it is unlikely that the lowland +population at San Mateo del Mar on the Pacific slope of Oaxaca has +contact with _M. m. macroura_ of the Mexican Plateau and it is almost +certain that the population, which is here named _M. m. eximius_, from +the arid coastal plain of eastern Mexico in Veracruz, has no connection +with the upland population, _M. m. macroura_. The lowest elevation on +the eastern slope of the Plateau from which we have record of the +occurrence of this species is 4,500 feet at Jico. All along the eastern +slope of the Plateau, between the elevations of approximately 2,000 and +4,500 feet, the belt of lush, dense vegetation of the upper humid +division of the Tropical Life-zone constitutes a barrier to _Mephitis_ +and tends to exclude the hooded skunk from the arid territory below the +humid belt. Another kind of skunk, _Conepatus tropicalis_, lives in the +humid belt, at least on the eastern side of the Mexican tableland. How +the population of _Mephitis_, which was sampled by us from west and +west-northwest of Piedras Negras, arrived there is unknown but we think +that its geographic range is not now connected with that of the +population on the Plateau. The same can be said of the lowland +population at San Mateo del Mar in Oaxaca. There, on the Pacific slope +of the Mexican tableland, the lower humid division of the Tropical +Life-zone probably has tended to restrict the spread southward and +westward of _Mephitis_; however, on this Pacific slope the humid belt is +less humid and it is less continuous, we think, than on the Atlantic +slope. + +Four subspecies of _Mephitis macroura_ may be recognized. They are as +follows: + + + #Mephitis macroura milleri# Mearns + + 1897. _Mephitis milleri_ Mearns, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 20:467, 1897. + + 1901. _Mephitis macroura milleri_, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist., 14:334, November 12, 1901. + + _Type locality._--Fort Lowell, Pima County, Arizona. + + _Range._--Northwestern Mexico and southeastern Arizona. See + figure 1. Marginal occurrences (unless otherwise indicated, + after Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 20:42, 43, 1901) are: _Arizona_: + Santa Catalina Mountains; Tucson; Fort Lowell. _Chihuahua_: + Casas Grandes; Chihuahua (City). _Coahuila_: La Ventura. + _Chihuahua_: Guadalupe y Calvo (mountains near). _Sonora_: + Camoa; Hermosillo; Sierra Cubabi (Burt, Miscl. Publ., Mus. + Zool., Univ. Michigan, 39:30, 1938). + + _Characters._--Long skull ([Male] 60 mm, [Female] 56 mm) and + large m1. + + + #Mephitis macroura macroura# Lichtenstein + + 1832. _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung + Saeugethier, pl. 46, with accompanying text, 1832. + + _Type locality._--Mountains northwest of the City of Mexico. + + _Range._--Southern half of Mexican Plateau and south to + Guatemala. See figure 1. Marginal occurrences (all from Howell, + N. Amer. Fauna, 20:41, 42, 1901) are: _Tamaulipas_: Jaumave. + _Veracruz_: Las Vigas; Jico; Orizaba. _Puebla_: Tehuacan. + _Guatemala_: Duenas (vicinity). _Oaxaca_: 15 mi. W Oaxaca. + _Colima_: Hacienda Magdalena. _Jalisco_: San Sebastian. _Tepic_: + Santa Teresa. _Zacatecas_: Valpariso. + + _Characters._--Skull of medium size (basal length, [Male] 56, + [Female] 54); tail averaging shorter than head and body. + + + #Mephitis macroura vittata# Lichtenstein + + 1832. _Mephitis vittata_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung + Saeugethier, pl. 47, with accompanying text, 1832. + + 1901. _Mephitis macroura vittata_, Allen, Bull. Amer. + Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:334, November 12, 1901. + + _Type locality._--"San Matteo el Mar" [= San Mateo del Mar], + Oaxaca. + + _Range._--Known only from the type locality. See figure 1. + + _Characters._--Skull short ([Male] 54.6, [Female] 52.3); narrow + across mastoid processes; tail long; body short. + + + #Mephitis macroura eximius# new subspecies + + _Type._--Female, adult, skin with skull, No. 19272, Mus. Nat. + Hist., Univ. Kansas; 15 kilometers west of Piedras Negras, 300 + feet elevation, Veracruz, Mexico; 13 January 1947; obtained by + J. Mazza and Walter W. Dalquest; original No. 7017, W. W. + Dalquest. + + _Range._--From the vicinity of the type locality on the arid + coastal plain of the lowlands of central Veracruz. See figure 1. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements); tail long, ranging + from 110 to 133 percent of length of head and body; color black, + with white areas containing a few black hairs, and in non-hooded + phase with white lateral stripes low on sides of body and in + some specimens almost absent; skull small but broad across + mastoid processes. + + _Comparisons._--From _Mephitis macroura macroura_ of the + southern part of the Mexican Plateau, _M. m. eximius_ differs in + shorter head and body, relatively (to body) longer tail, and + smaller skull. From _Mephitis macroura vittata_ of the tropical + lowlands of the Pacific slope of Oaxaca, _M. m. eximius_ differs + in slightly larger average size throughout and relatively longer + tail. + + [Illustration: FIG. 1. Map showing the geographic ranges of the + four subspecies of the species _Mephitis macroura_.] + +_Remarks._--_M. m. eximius_ is regarded as a subspecies of _M. macroura_ +because there is some overlap in size between larger individuals of _M. +m. eximius_ and smaller individuals of _M. m. macroura_. Actually, as +indicated above, we doubt that the geographic ranges of the two +subspecies are continuous or that the geographic range of _M. m. +eximius_ is continuous with the geographic range of _M. m. vittata_. +Small size and relatively long tail characterize both of the lowland, +tropical subspecies, _eximius_ and _vittata_, whereas the two upland +subspecies of the temperate areas are larger and have relatively shorter +tails. + +Habitat closely resembling that at the type locality extends from the +southern base of the first mountains north of Jalapa southward as far as +the north base of the Tuxtla Mountains--a distance of approximately 110 +miles from northwest to southeast along the gulf coast. None of our 5 +skins shows the hooded color-pattern so common on the Mexican Plateau +and in _vittata_ of Oaxaca. One of our five specimens has well-developed +lateral stripes; three have greatly reduced lateral stripes and one is +black except for a white spot on the right hip. + + _Measurements._--An adult male (University of Kansas Museum of + Natural History Catalogue Number, 17900), a subadult male + (19273), and adult female (19272, the holotype) and a subadult + female (19902), measure, in millimeters, respectively, as + follows: Total length, --, 599, 578, 583; length of tail, --, + 319, 335, 305; length of hind foot, 58, 62, 58, 60; basal length + of skull, 56.1, 55.0, 52.8, 53.1; basilar length of Hensel, + 53.6, 52.6, 50.3, 51.2; greatest zygomatic breadth, 41.6, 38.0, + 39.0, 37.0; greatest mastoid breadth, 34.6, 34.3, 33.3, 31.5; + breadth across postorbital processes, 22.2, 20.2, 20.5, 21.0; + least interorbital breadth, 20.3, 18.2, 19.0, 18.5; palatal + length, 24.2, 25.1, 24.2, 24.0; postpalatal length, 31.5, + 29.6, 28.8, 29.0; foramen magnum to plane of last molars, 30.8, + 29.4, 27.5, 29.0. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 5, all from Veracruz, + Mexico, as follows: Rio Blanco, 20 km. WNW Piedras Negras, 3; + 15 km. W Piedras Negras, 300 ft., 2. + +_University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Lawrence, Kansas._ + + _Transmitted October 31, 1949._ + + + 23-1544 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Range of the Hooded Skunk, +Mephitis macroura, by Walter W. Dalquest and E. 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