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diff --git a/34314.txt b/34314.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d24379a --- /dev/null +++ b/34314.txt @@ -0,0 +1,658 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New +Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacan, Mexico, by Bernardo Villa R. and E. Raymond Hall + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacan, Mexico + +Author: Bernardo Villa R. + E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: November 14, 2010 [EBook #34314] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW POCKET GOPHER *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A New + Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from + Michoacan, Mexico + + BY + + E. RAYMOND HALL AND BERNARDO VILLA R. + + + University of Kansas Publications + Museum of Natural History + + Volume 1, No. 14, pp. 249-256, 6 figs. in text + July 26, 1948 + + + University of Kansas + LAWRENCE + 1948 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman; A. Byron Leonard, + Edward H. Taylor + + Volume 1, No. 14, pp. 249-256, 6 figs. in text + July 26, 1948 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1948 + + 22-3338 + + + + + A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and a New Spiny + Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacan, Mexico + + By + + E. RAYMOND HALL and BERNARDO VILLA R. + + +A series of 17 pocket gophers of the species _Thomomys umbrinus_ +obtained in 1943 from points 3, 4 and 5 miles south of Patzcuaro proves +upon comparison to be an hitherto unrecognized subspecies which is +described and named as follows: + + #Thomomys umbrinus pullus#, new subspecies + + _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 100151, Univ. + California Mus. Vert. Zool.; 5 mi. S Patzcuaro, 7800 ft., + Michoacan, Mexico; March 10, 1943; obtained by Hubert H. Hall, + original No. 117. + + _Range._--Known only from 3 to 5 miles south of Patzcuaro, + Michoacan. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small (see measurements); color black or + between Cinnamon-Brown and Snuff Brown; distal half of tail + whitish and all of tail whitish in one specimen; lambdoidal + crests perpendicular to sagittal plane of skull; posteroventral + face of tympanic bulla rugose; jugal vertical (flat surface not + oblique); interpterygoid space truncate at apex with sides + curved outward (see figure). + + _Comparison._--From topotypes of _Thomomys umbrinus supernus_ + Nelson and Goldman, _pullus_ differs as follows: More + individuals wholly black (except distal half of tail); + underparts lacking white; rostrum broader; braincase anteriorly + slightly more expanded dorsally; lambdoidal crests perpendicular + to sagittal plane rather than inclined posteromediad; + interparietal broader, [Male] 5.7 (5.0-7.0) versus 4.5, and in + [Female] 6.5 (5.6-7.1) rather than 4.8 (4.4-5.1); flattened + middle part of jugal vertical rather than oblique; in side view, + mastoid and paroccipital processes farther apart thus exposing + larger surface of mastoidal bulla; incisors, in both upper and + lower jaws, slightly narrower; molariform teeth smaller, + interpterygoid space truncate, at apex, with sides convex + mediad, rather than V-shaped; ventral face of tympanic bullae + rugose in posterior half rather than smooth. + +[Illustration: FIGS. 1-3. Three views of the skull of the type specimen +of _Thomomys umbrinus pullus_. x 1.] + +_Remarks._--Among named subspecies of _Thomomys umbrinus_, _T. u. +pullus_ most closely resembles _T. u. supernus_, the subspecies next +adjacent to the northward. Therefore, the results of comparisons with +only that subspecies are here reported upon. _T. u. tolucae_ to the +eastward is for one thing a much larger animal and has slightly less +procumbent upper incisors. So far as we know, _Thomomys umbrinus_ has +not heretofore been reported from Michoacan. Of our seventeen skins, +eight are brown, six are black and two are intermediate in color. + +Most of these pocket gophers lived where there was a good growth of pine +trees in the same areas where large pocket gophers of the species +_Cratogeomys gymnurus_ occurred. The field notes of the collector of the +type of _T. u. pullus_ record that when he was making a shallow +excavation to reveal the gopher burrow in which he trapped the holotype, +he found the burrow approximately five inches below the surface of the +ground and that in digging deeper than was necessary he accidentally +broke into the burrow of a _Cratogeomys_. Another member of our field +party (E. R. Hall) when removing from its burrow a trapped _Thomomys_ +that was caught only by the hind leg, dug around the animal whose burrow +was approximately six inches underground and in doing so he also broke +through the roof of a burrow of _Cratogeomys_. The burrow of +_Cratogeomys_ was approximately sixteen inches below the ground. Nowhere +else, except 3 to 5 miles south of Patzcuaro, have the authors found two +kinds of pocket gophers living together. The two-story arrangement south +of Patzcuaro was possible because of the different levels at which the +two kinds of animals made their burrows and the two-story arrangement +was accidental and exceptional rather than the rule. + + _Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of five adults + of each sex, are as follows: Total length, male 184 (178-198), + female 185 (174-194); length of tail, 54 (48-60), 53 (47-57); + length of hind foot, 26.8 (25-29), 27.6 (26-29); weight, 86.1 + (78.7-96.9), 74.3 (70.2-84.8) grams; basilar length, 30.2 + (28.8-31.3), 28.6 (27.8-29.1); zygomatic breadth, 23.2 + (22.3-24.6), 21.3 (20.8-21.8); least interorbital breadth, 5.9 + (5.8-6.1), 6.4 (6.0-6.8); mastoid breadth, 17.8 (17.1-18.7), + 17.2 (16.6-17.5); length of nasals, 12.4 (11.8-13.0), 11.5 + (11.0-12.5); breadth of rostrum, 7.5 (6.9-8.2), 7.1 (6.9-7.3); + length of rostrum, 14.1 (13.4-14.5), 13.3 (12.7-13.5); alveolar + length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0 (6.7-7.5), 6.9 (6.8-7.0); + palato-frontal depth, 13.2 (13.0-13.4), 12.9 (12.3-13.5). + + _Specimens examined._--Total, 17, all from 7800 ft., Michoacan, + as follows: 3 mi. S Patzcuaro, 1; 4 mi. S Patzcuaro, 10; 5 mi. S + Patzcuaro, 6. + + * * * * * + +In 1943 a series of fifteen spiny pocket mice, _Liomys irroratus_, was +obtained within a radius of five miles of Patzcuaro and, mostly on +geographic considerations, the animals were assigned to _Liomys +irroratus alleni_ (Coues). In fact, in his "Revision of the Spiny Pocket +Mice," Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 34:57, 1911) had thus identified the one +specimen available to him from Patzcuaro. Critical examination of the +series, however, revealed cranial features not described in the named +kinds from adjoining geographic areas, and comparisons showed that the +animal from Patzcuaro differs subspecifically from any named kind. The +new subspecies may be known as: + + #Liomys irroratus acutus#, new subspecies + + _Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 100171, Univ. + California Mus. Vert. Zool.; 2 mi. W. Patzcuaro, 7700 ft., + Michoacan, Mexico; March 10, 1943; obtained by E. R. Hall and J. + R. Alcorn, original No. 3837 of Alcorn. + + _Range._--Known only from the vicinity of Patzcuaro, Michoacan. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); upper parts dark + brown; posterior border of nasals V-shaped with apex directed + anteriorly; frontomaxillary suture medially concave or rarely + straight; interparietal subcircular; basisphenoid wide; tympanic + bullae large. + + _Comparisons._--From _Liomys irroratus alleni_, _acutus_ differs + as follows: Color slightly darker brown on upper parts; size + slightly less; posterior border of nasals V-shaped rather than + truncate; frontomaxillary suture medially concave or straight + instead of convex; interparietal subcircular (anterior border) + rather than triangular; basisphenoid broader; tympanic bullae + larger and more inflated. From _Liomys irroratus jaliscensis_ + (topotypes), _acutus_ differs as follows: Color slightly darker + brown on upper parts; size larger, without overlap, in external + measurements and in basilar length, length of nasals and mastoid + breadth; posterior border of nasals V-shaped rather than almost + truncate; frontomaxillary suture medially concave or straight + rather than convex; interparietal subcircular rather than + quadrilateral; basisphenoid wider; tympanic bullae larger. From + _Liomys irroratus pullus_, _acutus_ differs in longer body, + shorter tail, slightly longer hind foot; all of upper parts, and + especially upper side of tail, more brownish and less blackish; + posterior border of nasals and frontomaxillary suture differing + in same way as from _alleni_; interorbital region narrower in + relation to length of skull; over-all length of skull greater; + interparietal anteroposteriorly longer; tympanic bullae more + inflated. + +[Illustration: FIGS. 4-6. Three views of the skull of the type specimen +of _Liomys irroratus acutus_. x 1.] + +_Remarks._--This relatively large, dark-colored, spiny pocket mouse of +east-central Michoacan differs from its geographic neighbors in V-shape +of posterior border of nasals, semicircular shape of interparietal, +medially concave maxillofrontal suture, wide basisphenoid and larger +tympanic bullae. The latter character is not constant. Intergradation +with _L. i. alleni_ is shown by specimens from Querendaro in which the +shape of the interparietal is exactly intermediate between those of +topotypes of the two subspecies and also in that the basisphenoid is +wider than in _acutus_ but narrower than in _alleni_. Intergradation +with _L. i. jaliscensis_ is shown, by specimen No. 120275 (U. S. N. M.) +from Zamora, in shape of posterior end of nasals, direction of +maxillofrontal suture, and shape of interparietal. In each of these +features the specimen from Zamora is almost exactly intermediate between +_acutus_ and _jaliscensis_. In large size of tympanic bullae and wider +basisphenoid the specimen agrees with _acutus_, but otherwise is nearly +as small as _jaliscensis_ to which it is here referred. Actually the +specimen could, with almost equal propriety, be referred to either +subspecies. + + _Measurements._--The measurements of two males, Nos. 100184, + 100182, and average and extreme measurements of five females, + are, respectively, as follows: Total length, 257, 267, 244 + (230-251); length of tail, 130, 128, 122 (105-129); length of + hind foot, 32, 31, 31 (30-33); length of ear from notch, 16, 17, + 15.3 (13.0-19); weight in grams, 71.5, 65.1, 50.8 (44.8-61.8); + greatest length of skull, 35.2, 34.9, 33.6 (32.7-34.2); + zygomatic breadth, 17.7, 17.5, 16.5 (16.1-17.1); interorbital + breadth, 8.4, 8.1, 7.8 (7.5-8.0); length of nasals, 15.1, 14.9, + 14.0 (13.3-14.5); width of braincase, 15.9, 15.1, 15.0 + (14.7-15.1); alveolar length of upper molariform tooth-row, 6.0, + 6.0, 5.6 (5.5-5.9). The measurements were taken according to the + method of Goldman (N. Amer. Fauna, 34:10, 1911). Each of the + specimens of which measurements are given above is adult; the + transverse enamel fold has been obliterated in M1, is + represented by only an isolated lake in M2 (except in one female + where all trace of the fold has worn away) and is present in M3. + + _Specimens examined._--Total, 16, all from Michoacan, Mexico, + and unless otherwise indicated in the University of California + Museum of Vertebrate Zooelogy, as follows: 3 mi. NW Patzcuaro, + 6700 ft., 1; 2 mi. W Patzcuaro, 7700 ft., 5; 2 mi. W Patzcuaro, + 6700 ft., 2; Patzcuaro, 1 (U. S. Nat. Mus.); 5 mi. S Patzcuaro, + 7800 ft., 7. + + * * * * * + +For the loan of comparative materials we are grateful to Dr. Harold E. +Anthony of the American Museum of Natural History, Mr. Stanley P. Young +and Dr. Hartley H. T. Jackson of the Biological Surveys Collection in +the United States National Museum, Dr. Charles P. Lyman of the Museum of +Comparative Zooelogy, and for assistance with the field work to the John +Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and to Miss Annie M. Alexander. + + _Transmitted April 1, 1948._ + + + 22-3338 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Pocket Gopher (Thomomys) and A +New Spiny Pocket Mouse (Liomys) from Michoacan, Mexico, by Bernardo Villa R. and E. 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