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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/34429-8.txt b/34429-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf2f977 --- /dev/null +++ b/34429-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4214 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Check-list of the Birds of Kansas, by Harrison B Tordoff + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Check-list of the Birds of Kansas + +Author: Harrison B Tordoff + +Release Date: November 24, 2010 [EBook #34429] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + ================================================================== + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text + ---------------------- March 10, 1956 ---------------------- + + + Check-list of the Birds of Kansas + + BY + HARRISON B. TORDOFF + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1956 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure + Published March 10, 1956 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1956 + + 25-9006 + + + + + CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS + + By + Harrison B. Tordoff + + +Kansas was one of the first states for which a detailed book on birds +was published (N. S. Goss, "History of the Birds of Kansas," Topeka, +Kansas, 1891). Ornithological progress in Kansas in recent years, +however, has not kept pace with work in many other states. As a result, +knowledge of the birds of Kansas today is not sufficiently detailed to +make possible a modern, definitive report. One purpose of this +check-list is to show gaps in our information on birds of the state. +Each student of birds can contribute importantly by keeping accurate +records of nesting, distribution, and migration of any species in Kansas +and by making these records available through publication in appropriate +journals. The Museum of Natural History at the University of Kansas +solicits records and specimens which contribute to our knowledge of +birds in Kansas. Files and collections at the Museum are available to +any qualified person for study. + +The last state-wide list of birds was prepared by W. S. Long (Trans. +Kansas Acad. Sci., 43, 1940:433-456). This list and the unpublished +thesis from which the list was abstracted have been of great value in +preparing the present report. Many other persons have contributed and +among these the names of the following must be mentioned because of the +value of their contributions: Ivan L. Boyd, L. B. Carson, Arthur L. +Goodrich, Jr., Richard Graber, Jean Graber, Harold C. Hedges, R. F. +Miller, John M. Porter, and Marvin D. Schwilling. + +Full standing in this check-list has been given only to species for +which at least one specimen from Kansas has been examined by some +qualified student. Exceptions to this admittedly arbitrary rule have +been made in three cases, Trumpeter Swan, Turkey, and Carolina Paroquet, +because there is no reason to doubt that each of these three species +once occurred in Kansas and because opportunity for obtaining specimens +from Kansas has been lost through disappearance of the species from the +state. Other species reported from the state but not authenticated by +specimens have been relegated to the Hypothetical List and their names +and my remarks concerning these birds are enclosed in brackets. This +procedure is intended to encourage collection of such species; it is not +intended necessarily to indicate doubt of a record. In the case of a +carefully identified but uncollected accidental, opportunity for +obtaining a specimen may not exist again for a long period. This is +unfortunate but emphasizes the need for judicious collecting. + +A total of 375 species (or 459 species and subspecies), of which four +are introduced, is included in this check-list. Additionally, 15 species +are discussed in the Hypothetical List. An asterisk (*) preceding an +account indicates positive evidence of breeding in Kansas of the species +so marked. The total of species known to have bred at least once in the +state is 173. Nomenclature in this list follows the American +Ornithologists' Union "Check-List of North American Birds" (1931, 4th +edition) and its supplements. Species on the Hypothetical List are +included in their current taxonomic position in the main list. + + +_Gavia immer_ (Brünnich). Common Loon. Uncommon transient throughout +state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Gavia stellata_ (Pontoppidan). Red-throated Loon. Rare transient. One +specimen: female (Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. 65778), Marais des Cygnes +River, near Ottawa, Franklin County, October 20, 1925, Captain Joe R. +White. Several sight records from Shawnee and Johnson counties within +past 10 years. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Colymbus grisegena._ Red-necked Grebe. Rare transient. One specimen: +female (KU 7697), Kansas River east of Lawrence, Douglas County, October +29, 1910, Logan I. Evans. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. holböllii_ (Reinhardt). + + +_Colymbus auritus._ Horned Grebe. Rare transient. Two authentic +specimens: Manhattan, Riley County, September 30, 1878; male (KU 27465), +2-1/2 miles north of Lawrence, Douglas County, November 16, 1945, E. C. +Olson and Ralph L. Montell. Several sight records, from eastern, +central, and western Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. cornutus_ Gmelin. + + +_Colymbus caspicus._ Eared Grebe. Regular transient throughout state; +more common than Horned Grebe. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. californicus_ (Heermann). + + +_Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Rare transient, +perhaps more common in west but status poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Podilymbus podiceps._ Pied-billed Grebe. Common transient and +irregular summer resident, rare winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. podiceps_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Common transient +throughout state. Occasional individuals, probably sick or wounded, +remain beyond normal migration periods in spring and fall. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pelecanus occidentalis._ Brown Pelican. Accidental. One specimen: +adult, sex not determined (KU 10468), Parker, Linn County, June, 1916, +found dead by G. G. McConnell. One seen at Wichita, Sedgwick County, by +R. H. Sullivan, April 25, 1910. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. carolinensis_ Gmelin. + + +* _Phalacrocorax auritus._ Double-crested Cormorant. Regular transient, +in small to moderate numbers. One nesting record: several nests, eggs, +and small young seen, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, August, 1951, +Otto Tiemeier. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. auritus_ (Lesson). + + +_Phalacrocorax olivaceus._ Mexican Cormorant. Accidental. One record: +specimen taken 4 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, April 2, 1872. +Present location unknown but specimen identified by S. F. Baird and R. +Ridgway. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. mexicanus_ (Brandt). + + +_Anhinga anhinga._ Water-turkey. Accidental. Several specimens and sight +observations are on record but most are prior to 1900. Several records +and one specimen at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, since 1928 (Frank +Robl). In recent years, some reported Water-turkeys have proved to be +cormorants. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. leucogaster_ (Vieillot). + + +_Fregata magnificens._ Man-o'-war-bird. Accidental. One record: specimen +(present location unknown) taken on the North Fork of the Solomon River, +Osborne County, August 16, 1880, by Frank Lewis. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. m. rothschildi_ Mathews. + + +* _Ardea herodias._ Great Blue Heron. Common transient and summer +resident nesting in widely scattered colonies. + + Subspecies in Kansas: three reported, _A. h. herodias_ Linnaeus in + northeast, _A. h. wardi_ Ridgway in southeast, and _A. h. + treganzai_ Court in west, but status of these poorly known because + of lack of sufficient breeding specimens. + + +_Casmerodius albus._ American Egret. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; occasional spring and summer resident. No definite nesting +record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. egretta_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Leucophoyx thula._ Snowy Egret. Regular postbreeding summer visitant; +rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. One nesting +record: two nests found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles +west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. t. thula_ (Molina). + + +_Hydranassa tricolor._ Louisiana Heron. Accidental. Two records: +specimen taken at Lake Inman, McPherson County, August 9, 1934, by R. E. +Mohler and Richard H. Schmidt; one seen, 1-1/2 miles south of Iatan +Marsh, Atchison County (near Iatan, Missouri), September 12, 1948, first +reported by R. F. Miller and Mr. and Mrs. Ivan L. Boyd, seen by several +other observers. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. t. ruficollis_ (Gosse). + + +* _Florida caerulea._ Little Blue Heron. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. Usually +more common than Snowy Egret. One nesting record: one nest found, +summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles west of Garden City, Finney +County, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Butorides virescens._ Green Heron. Common transient and summer +resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virescens_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Nycticorax nycticorax._ Black-crowned Night Heron. Transient and +summer resident, breeding in scattered colonies. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. n. hoactli_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Nyctanassa violacea._ Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Summer resident +throughout state, rare in north; numbers perhaps augmented in late +summer by postbreeding stragglers. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. v. violacea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Rackett). American Bittern. Common transient; +summer resident locally. Two definite nesting records: nest with 4 newly +hatched young (male collected, KU 30468), 1/2 mile east and 2 miles +south of Welda, Anderson County, June 9, 1951, Maurice F. Baker; nest +with eggs, 6 miles north and 3-1/2 miles west of Kalvesta, Finney +County, summer, 1952, Raymond Erkic (_fide_ Marvin D. Schwilling). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Ixobrychus exilis._ Least Bittern. Transient and irregular summer +resident. Two nests found at Lake Quivira, Johnson County, June 3, 1949, +Harold C. Hedges; on June 28, one of the nests contained 4 eggs, on July +10 this nest was empty. No other definite nesting records. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. e. exilis_ (Gmelin). + + + +_Mycteria americana_ Linnaeus. Wood Ibis. Accidental. Several sight +records and one specimen: male (KU 9489), 5 miles north-*east of +Goodland, Sherman County, October 4, 1913, Willis Feaster. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Irregular +transient and summer visitant; more common in west. One definite nesting +record: photograph of downy young ("Kansas Fish and Game," vol. 9, no. +3, Jan. 1952, p. 7) taken at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, presumably +in summer of 1951, by L. O. Nossaman. Frank Robl has seen individuals in +summer in Cheyenne Bottoms on many occasions. Reports of Eastern Glossy +Ibis (_Plegadis falcinellus_) in Kansas probably are based on dark-faced +immatures of the present species, although the eastern species has been +taken in Oklahoma. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ajaia ajaja_ (Linnaeus). Roseate Spoonbill. Accidental. One authentic +specimen (present location not known): male, near Douglass, on Four-Mile +Creek, Butler County, March 20, 1899, taken by Dr. R. Matthews, +identification verified by Jerold Volk and Wilfred Goodman. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Phoenicopterus ruber_ Linnaeus. Flamingo. Accidental. Two birds seen in +autumn, 1928, at Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, one of which was +killed on opening day of duck season and now (1955) is mounted at Kansas +Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission headquarters at Pratt. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Olor columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Transient and winter resident, +formerly common, now rare. Many specimens are on record; at least four +were taken in winter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Olor buccinator_ (Richardson). Trumpeter Swan. Formerly occasional +migrant, no longer occurs in Kansas. All specimens from Kansas alleged +to be of this species are actually Whistling Swans. The early sight +records seem valid, however, and the species should remain on the state +list. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Branta canadensis._ Canada Goose. Common transient; some winter in +suitable places. This species was found nesting along the Missouri River +near Atchison by early explorers. Modern breeding records probably +pertain to captives or their descendants. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. moffitti_ Aldrich, _B. c. + leucopareia_ (Brandt), _B. c. minima_ Ridgway, and _B. c. + hutchinsi_ (Richardson) have been collected in Kansas. + Additionally, subspecies _interior_ Todd and _parvipes_ (Cassin) + probably pass through the state but no specimens have been saved. + Canada Geese of widely varying size are regularly seen in + migration. + + +_Branta bernicla._ Brant. Accidental. Several sight records and one +specimen: unsexed bird (KU 7490), Leavenworth County, November 15, 1879, +A. Lange. Some hunters refer to immature Blue Geese as "brant." Orville +O. Rice saw 4 brant 2 miles north of Burlington, near the Neosho River, +Coffey County, March 24, 1955, that appeared to be Black Brant, _Branta +nigricans_ (Lawrence). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. b. hrota_ (Müller). + + +_Anser albifrons._ White-fronted Goose. Regular transient throughout +state, more common in central and western parts. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. frontalis_ Baird. + + +_Chen hyperborea._ Snow Goose. Common transient throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. hyperborea_ (Pallas). + + +_Chen caerulescens_ (Linnaeus). Blue Goose. Common transient in east, +less common in central and western parts of state. In east, this species +predominates in early spring migration whereas the Snow Goose is most +numerous later. Hybrids between the two are regularly seen. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Chen rossii_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. One reported at Wyandotte County +Lake, November 22, 1951, by John Bishop. Placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen.] + + +_Dendrocygna bicolor._ Fulvous Tree-duck. Accidental. Frank Robl +carefully examined and identified three specimens killed in 1929 or +1930, in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. None saved. Specimens +collected also in nearby areas of Missouri. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. b. helva_ Wetmore and Peters, on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Anas platyrhynchos._ Mallard. Abundant transient, regular winter +resident, irregular and local summer resident. Modern breeding +distribution poorly known but several nests found in widely scattered +areas in past years. Nests regularly in Kearny, Finney, and Barton +counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. platyrhynchos_ Linnaeus. + + +_Anas rubripes_ Brewster. Black Duck. Regular but rare or uncommon +transient and winter resident in east and central (Cheyenne Bottoms, +Barton County) sections. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas fulvigula._ Mottled Duck. Accidental. Four specimens allegedly of +this species have been reported. Of these, two are actually Mallards, +one is a Gadwall, and one, female, Neosho Falls, Woodson County, March +11, 1876, Goss, is a Mottled Duck. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. maculosa_ Sennett. + + +_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Transient and occasional winter +resident throughout state. Rare summer resident but no satisfactory +nesting record reported. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Anas acuta_ Linnaeus. Pintail. Abundant transient throughout state, +irregular winter resident, local summer resident nesting in recent years +in Barton, Finney, Meade, and Leavenworth counties, but summer +distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common transient, rare +winter resident (records from Meade County and Kansas City). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Common transient, locally +common summer resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas cyanoptera._ Cinnamon Teal. Rare transient in east, uncommon or +fairly common transient in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. septentrionalis_ Snyder and Lumsden. + + +* _Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common transient throughout +state. Frank Robl found a female with young in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton +County, in approximately 1930. Nest with eggs found 1-1/2 miles south of +Friend, Finney County, in spring, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Mareca penelope_ (Linnaeus). European Widgeon. Carl and David Holmes +reported a pair at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 16, 1954. Placed +on Hypothetical List until a specimen is taken.] + + +_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common transient throughout +state, rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Transient, rare in west to locally +common in extreme east. Summer resident in eastern part of state; +breeding distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. Frank Robl found a nesting +pair in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in 1928 (approximate). The +adults were neither captives nor cripples. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Fairly common transient +throughout state, rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya marila._ Greater Scaup Duck. Rare transient, status poorly +known. Several sight records, one in winter. Floyd T. Amsden, a +competent sportsman and amateur ornithologist of Wichita, identified 3 +male specimens killed 3 miles north and 1 mile east of Sharon, Barber +County, on October 27 (2) and November 3 (1), 1951. Frank Robl has seen +specimens killed in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. Every effort should +be made to preserve specimens from Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. m. nearctica_ Stejneger, on geographical + grounds. + + +_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common transient throughout +state. A few records of wintering and summering (non-*breeding) +individuals. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Bucephala clangula._ Golden-eye. Uncommon transient and winter +resident. Specimens from Kansas alleged to be the Barrow Golden-eye +(_Bucephala islandica_) all are of the present species. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. americana_ (Bonaparte). + + +_Bucephala albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Clangula hyemalis_ (Linnaeus). Old-squaw. Rare transient and winter +visitant. At least five specimens taken (but only two or three +preserved) and numerous sight records, from widely separated parts of +state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Somateria mollissima._ Eider. Accidental. One record: immature male (KU +3620), Kansas River near Lecompton, Douglas County, November 3, 1891, A. +L. Wiedman. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. v. nigra_ Bonaparte (identification + checked by A. Wetmore). + + +_Somateria spectabilis_ (Linnaeus). King Eider. Accidental. One record: +immature male (KU 27487), Kansas River 1 mile east of Lawrence, Douglas +County, November 27, 1947, R. L. Montell. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Melanitta deglandi._ White-winged Scoter. Rare transient. Nine +specimens from Douglas and Leavenworth counties, taken from 1927 to +1938; several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. d. deglandi_ (Bonaparte). + + +_Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rare transient. Eight +known specimens (three of which are now in University of Kansas +collection), all taken in autumn, seven in Douglas County, one in +Sedgwick County; several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oidemia nigra._ Common Scoter. Accidental. The two preserved specimens +from Kansas supposedly of this species are actually Surf Scoters. L. B. +Carson, however, identified an adult male Common Scoter killed by a +hunter at Horton Lake, Brown County, in the early 1930's. Others have +been seen by reliable field observers. Every effort should be made to +secure specimens from Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. n. americana_ Swainson, on geographical + grounds. + + +* _Oxyura jamaicensis._ Ruddy Duck. Common transient throughout state, +rare winter resident. One breeding record: Frank Robl saw an adult +female with one small young at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in +approximately 1929. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. j. rubida_ (Wilson). + + +_Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Uncommon transient +and winter resident throughout state. Probably nests occasionally (two +specimens at KU taken in east in June), but no proof of this available. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Mergus merganser._ American Merganser. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. americanus_ Cassin. + + +_Mergus serrator._ Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon transient throughout +state; probably also rare winter resident but records lacking. This +species is more common than Hooded Merganser in west, less common than +Hooded in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. s. serrator_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Cathartes aura._ Turkey Vulture. Common transient throughout state; +common summer resident west at least to Clark County. Breeding +distribution in west poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. teter_ Friedmann. + + +_Coragyps atratus_ (Meyer). Black Vulture. Once occurred in southeast, +but no record since 1885. Goss quotes Dr. George Lisle ("a close +observer") as finding this species common and breeding at Chetopa, +Labette County, on the Oklahoma line, prior to 1883. Lisle found a nest +with two eggs in 1858. Goss also reports one killed by Watson at Ellis, +Ellis County, on March 27, 1885, but the location of the specimen is +unknown. The species may still occur in southeastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Elanoïdes forficatus._ Swallow-tailed Kite. Formerly summer resident +in at least eastern half of state. Last specimen from Kansas taken by +Dr. G. C. Rinker at Hamilton, Greenwood County, May 17, 1914. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. f. forficatus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Ictinia misisippiensis_ (Wilson). Mississippi Kite. Common summer +resident in south-central Kansas, east to Harvey, north to Barton, and +west to Kearny counties. Occasional records from Douglas (nested once), +Johnson, Greenwood, and Hamilton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Accipiter gentilis._ Goshawk. Rare and irregular winter visitor in +east. Status in west unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. g. atricapillus_ (Wilson). + + +* _Accipiter striatus._ Sharp-shinned Hawk. Transient and winter +resident throughout state; less common in east. Status in summer poorly +known; one nest found in Cloud County, July 11, 1938, J. M. Porter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. velox_ (Wilson). + + +* _Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Resident throughout +state but nesting records only from the eastern half, west to Cloud +County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Buteo jamaicensis._ Red-tailed Hawk. Abundant transient and winter +resident in east; in High Plains of west, largely restricted to river +bottoms in winter. Common summer resident in east; status in summer in +west poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. j. borealis_ (Gmelin) is the breeding + bird of eastern Kansas. _B. j. calurus_ Cassin probably nests in + west but no specimens available. _B. j. borealis_, _B. j. + calurus_, _B. j. kriderii_ Hoopes, and _B. j. harlani_ (Audubon), + the latter considered here as conspecific with _jamaicensis_, all + occur as transients and winter residents. More specimens needed to + establish details of distribution of various subspecies. + + +* _Buteo lineatus._ Red-shouldered Hawk. Uncommon transient and summer +resident and irregular winter resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding +records from Leavenworth and Woodson counties; doubtless breeds in other +eastern counties but definite evidence lacking. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. lineatus_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Buteo platypterus._ Broad-winged Hawk. Fairly common transient and +local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding records only from +Douglas, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, where species nests +regularly. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. p. platypterus_ (Vieillot). + + +* _Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Abundant transient in +west, fairly common in east. Nests commonly throughout western +two-thirds of state and at least occasionally in eastern portion. +Supposed winter records should be substantiated by specimens. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Buteo lagopus._ Rough-legged Hawk. Winter resident, fairly common in +east to common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. s. johannis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Common transient and +winter resident in west, rare in east. Rare summer resident in west. Two +nesting records: nest with four young, south fork of Smoky Hill River, +near Wallace, May 27, 1883, Goss; nest with three young, west of Russell +Springs, Logan County, May 29, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Parabuteo unicinctus._ Harris Hawk. Accidental. Two records: male, +Wichita, Sedgwick County, December 14, 1918, LeRoy Snyder; female (KU +10752), 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, +1918, Fred Hastie. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. u. harrisi_ (Audubon). + + +* _Aquila chrysaëtos._ Golden Eagle. Formerly common resident throughout +state. Now common in winter in west to rare in east. One positive +nesting record: a pair nested for several years (prior to 1891) in +southeastern Comanche County on a high gypsum ledge, Goss. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Haliaeetus leucocephalus._ Bald Eagle. Rare transient and winter +resident in east; fairly common winter resident in west, where large +numbers may gather to roost. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. l. alascanus_ Townsend. Previous + students refer all Bald Eagles from the state to _H. l. + leucocephalus_ (Linnaeus) but specimens in the K. U. collection, + all taken in winter, are large (three females, wing, 645, 655, 680 + mm.) and are clearly of the northern subspecies. + + +_Circus cyaneus._ Marsh Hawk. Resident, common in winter, less common +and local in summer. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Pandion haliaetus._ Osprey. Occurs irregularly throughout state but +less frequently in west. Most records in spring and autumn but a few at +other seasons. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. carolinensis_ (Gmelin). + + +_Falco rusticolus._ Gyrfalcon. Accidental. One specimen: Manhattan, +Riley County, December 1, 1880, A. L. Runyan (specimen at Kansas State +College). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. r. obsoletus_ Gmelin. + + +_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Rare summer and fairly +common winter resident in west; occasional transient and winter resident +in east. No satisfactory breeding records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Falco peregrinus._ Duck Hawk. Rare transient and winter resident, +probably more common in west. Formerly nested but no nesting record +since before 1900. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. p. anatum_ Bonaparte. + + +_Falco columbarius._ Pigeon Hawk. Uncommon transient and rare winter +resident in east; more common in migration in west but status there in +winter not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. columbarius_ Linnaeus is most + frequent in eastern part, west to Reno County; _F. c. + richardsonii_ Ridgway is the common subspecies in west, occasional + in east; _F. c. bendirei_ Swann is known in Kansas from one + specimen (KU 4425) from Ellis County, October, 1875, taken by Dr. + L. Watson (identified by James L. Peters). + + +* _Falco sparverius._ Sparrow Hawk. Common resident and transient +throughout state (but status in winter in northwest not known). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. s. sparverius_ Linnaeus. + + +_Bonasa umbellus._ Ruffed Grouse. Formerly common resident in eastern +part; now probably extirpated in state but observers in extreme east +should watch for it. One authentic specimen (KU 31944), southeastern +Kansas, between 1885 and 1910, Alexander J. C. Roese. No definite +nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. u. umbellus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Tympanuchus cupido._ Greater Prairie Chicken. Resident, but highly +local; absent in southwestern quarter of state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. c. pinnatus_ (Brewster). + + +* _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ (Ridgway). Lesser Prairie Chicken. +Resident, but local, in southwestern quarter of state, north to Hamilton +and Finney counties and east to Pawnee and Barber counties. A few old +records east to Anderson and Neosho counties in winter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pedioecetes phasianellus._ Sharp-tailed Grouse. Formerly resident in +western part of state; scattered old records from eastern localities. +Now extirpated, or nearly so, in Kansas; observers in northwestern +counties should watch for it. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. jamesi_ Lincoln. + + +* _Colinus virginianus._ Bob-white. Resident, common in east, less +common and local in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. virginianus_ (Linnaeus) in east, + intergrading through central part with _C. v. taylori_ Lincoln in + west. + + +* _Callipepla squamata._ Scaled Quail. Locally common resident in +southwest, formerly north to Wallace County but now primarily south of +Arkansas River, eastern limit not known. Breeding records from Hamilton, +Kearny, Finney, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, and Clark counties, Marvin D. +Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. pallida_ Brewster. + + +* _Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Introduced. +Common in western two-thirds, gradually invading east where a few are +now found in most counties. + + Origin of North American stock obscure; no subspecies now + recognized here. + + +_Meleagris gallopavo._ Turkey. Formerly common resident, west along +streams at least to Riley County; now extirpated in Kansas. No known +specimen from Kansas with authentic data. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. silvestris_ Vieillot. + + +_Grus americana_ (Linnaeus). Whooping Crane. Regular transient, now +rare. Probably most individuals go through east-central part of state. +Several early specimens from state and several recent sight records and +one specimen: adult female (KU 31198), found crippled 8-1/2 miles south +of Sharon, Barber County, October 31, 1952, Thane S. Robinson. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Grus canadensis._ Sandhill Crane. Transient, rare in east, common to +abundant in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus) and _G. c. + tabida_ (Peters); comparative status of the two subspecies not + known. + + +* _Rallus elegans._ King Rail. Transient and summer resident, locally +common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. e. elegans_ Audubon. + + +_Rallus limicola._ Virginia Rail. Transient and summer resident, but +breeding status poorly known. One breeding record: adult with six small, +downy young, 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 24, 1950, +Richard and Jean Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. l. limicola_ Vieillot. + + +* _Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Common transient throughout +state; status in summer poorly known. Two breeding records: Osawatomie, +Miami County, prior to 1914 (no other details), record by Colvin, a +careful observer; two nests, at least one with eggs, Finney County State +Lake, August 21, 1951, Marvin D. Schwilling. Additional nesting records +should be sought. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Coturnicops noveboracensis._ Yellow Rail. Rare or generally overlooked +transient. Records only from eastern part of state (west to Sedgwick +County). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Laterallus jamaicensis._ Black Rail. Rare or generally overlooked +summer resident. At least ten records, including at least seven +specimens from widely scattered localities. Two breeding records: nest +with eight eggs, Manhattan, Riley County, June, 1880, C. P. Blachly; +nest with nine eggs, near Garden City, Finney County, June 6, 1889, H. +W. Menke. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. j. jamaicensis_ (Gmelin). + + +_Porphyrula martinica_ (Linnaeus). Purple Gallinule. Rare and irregular +summer visitant. Five specimens taken in April and June in Douglas, +Sedgwick, and Riley counties. Several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Gallinula chloropus._ Florida Gallinule. Rare summer resident; status +poorly known. Two breeding records: nest found "on a board," Coffey +County, June (year not given), P. B. Peabody; nest (female, KU 27509, +and two eggs taken), 3 miles northeast of Lawrence, Douglas County, May +22, 1945 (previously published as 1946), R. L. Montell. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. cachinnans_ Bangs. + + +* _Fulica americana._ American Coot. Uncommon summer resident, abundant +transient, and local winter resident in east and central parts; status +in west poorly known. Breeding record: 3 newly hatched young (KU +16694-6), Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, June 13, 1927, H. C. +Parker and W. H. Burt. The few other nesting localities include one in +Finney County. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. a. americana_ Gmelin. + + +_Charadrius hiaticula._ Semipalmated Plover. Regular transient +throughout state, often fairly common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. semipalmatus_ Bonaparte. + + +_Charadrius melodus._ Piping Plover. Rare transient. Three specimens +from Douglas County, March and April, and a female (KU 15492) from +Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, July 16, 1925, T. E. White. Nests in +Nebraska, south at least to Lincoln; observers in north-central Kansas +should watch for possible breeding birds. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. circumcinctus_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Charadrius alexandrinus._ Snowy Plover. Summer resident on salt +plains of Clark, Comanche, Stafford, Barton, and probably other +counties. Breeding range in Kansas poorly known. One definite nesting +record: adults with young, and one nest with 3 eggs, Comanche County, +June 18, 1886, Goss. One female (KU 7787), from Lawrence, Douglas +County, April 22, 1909, L. L. Dyche. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. tenuirostris_ (Lawrence). + + +* _Charadrius vociferus._ Killdeer. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. Occasional winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Eupoda montana_ (Townsend). Mountain Plover. Summer resident in High +Plains of western Kansas, but current status poorly known. Many +specimens from west and one positive breeding record: two half-grown, +partly downy males (KU 5512, 5513), 5 miles south of Tribune, Greeley +County, June 21, 1911, Bunker and Rocklund. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pluvialis dominica._ Golden Plover. Regular transient in east, +sometimes common; more common in spring than in autumn. Formerly +abundant; status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. dominica_ (Müller). + + +_Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Regular +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Arenaria interpres._ Ruddy Turnstone. Rare transient. Several sight +records from eastern part of state and two specimens: one killed at +Topeka, Shawnee County, August 16, 1898, F. W. Forbes (location of +specimen unknown); male, Hamilton, Greenwood County, October 1, 1911, G. +C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. i. morinella_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Philohela minor_ (Gmelin). American Woodcock. Uncommon transient west +to Scott and Kearny counties. Probably does not occur farther west. One +early nesting record: adult with several "at least one-fourth grown" +young, near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 25, 1874, Goss. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Capella gallinago._ Wilson Snipe. Common transient and occasional +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. delicata_ (Ord). + + +* _Numenius americanus._ Long-billed Curlew. Transient and uncommon +summer resident in west; occasional transient in east. Female and two +downy young (KU 11607, 8, 9) taken 1 mile from Spring Creek, Morton +County, June 27, 1927, W. H. Burt and L. V. Compton. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. a. americanus_ Bechstein is the breeding + form; _N. a. parvus_ Bishop occurs in migration (specimens from + Riley, Lyon, and Douglas counties). + + +[_Numenius phaeopus._ Hudsonian Curlew. Reported by Goss, and one seen +at Iatan Marsh, Atchison County, May 16, 1948, by Harold C. Hedges, but +here placed in Hypothetical List until a specimen from Kansas is taken.] + + +_Numenius borealis_ (Forster). Eskimo Curlew. Formerly abundant +transient in eastern Kansas; now extinct, or nearly so. One unsexed bird +(KU 6951) taken in Douglas County, May 6, 1873, by N. J. Stevens. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Bartramia longicauda_ (Bechstein). Upland Plover. Abundant transient +and locally common summer resident in suitable habitat; most numerous in +west. Nesting records from Johnson, Wabaunsee, Chase, Finney, and Kearny +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. Breeding records from Leavenworth +County and Kansas City region. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tringa solitaria._ Solitary Sandpiper. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. s. solitaria_ Wilson is most common in + eastern part and _T. s. cinnamomea_ (Brewster) is most common in + western part of Kansas, with much overlap of the two. + + +_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus._ Willet. Transient throughout state, +usually uncommon, but sometimes locally common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. inornatus_ (Brewster). _C. s. + semipalmatus_ (Gmelin) has been reported, probably erroneously; + all specimens seen are of the western subspecies, _inornatus_. + + +_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Calidris canutus._ American Knot. Rare transient. Sight records from +eastern and western Kansas; only one specimen preserved, Hamilton, +Greenwood County, September 19, 1911, G. C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. rufa_ (Wilson). + + +_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Common transient +through state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia fuscicollis_ (Vieillot). White-rumped Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia bairdii_ (Coues). Baird Sandpiper. Common transient in east; +abundant transient in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Common transient +throughout state, but less numerous in west than in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia alpina._ Red-backed Sandpiper. Rare or uncommon transient; +reported only from eastern half of state, west to Cloud County. Few +specimens have been preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. pacifica_ (Coues). + + +_Limnodromus griseus._ Short-billed Dowitcher. Rare or uncommon +transient in east, status in west not known. One specimen: male (KU +29403), 3 miles east of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 14, 1946, R. L. +Montell. Dowitchers having noticeably short bills should be collected +when possible. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. g. hendersoni_ Rowan. + + +_Limnodromus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ereunetes pusillus_ (Linnaeus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Uncommon transient in +east; probably common in west but status there unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tryngites subruficollis_ (Vieillot). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Uncommon +but regular transient in autumn in eastern Kansas, west to Republic +County; few spring records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Rare or uncommon transient +throughout state. Status somewhat uncertain because some observers +confuse this species with female Hudsonian Godwits. The latter are +larger and often much duller than male Hudsonian Godwits. Marbled +Godwits, however, show no contrasting tail pattern in flight. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Uncommon transient in +eastern and central Kansas; status in west poorly known (reported from +Ness and Kearny counties). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Rare transient in eastern and +central Kansas; status in west not known. Three specimens have been +taken, two from Douglas County (October) and one from Stafford County +(July). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon transient in east; +common transient and uncommon summer resident in west. Breeding records +from Kearny, Finney, Haskell, Meade, and Barton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Rare transient. +Records from Crawford, Sedgwick, Cloud, Stafford, Finney, and Kearny +counties; few recent records. No satisfactory nesting record. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Very rare transient. +Two specimens: female (KU 3778), Lake View, Douglas County, November 5, +1905, E. E. Brown; male (Ottawa Univ. 96), near Ottawa, Franklin County, +October 25, 1926, Wesley Clanton (identification checked by Tordoff). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Common transient +throughout state. One definite nesting record: adult male with downy +young, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 26, 1954, Ted F. Andrews +and Homer Stephens. Goss mentioned "breeding birds" in Meade County but +the record is not convincing. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Rare transient. Goss +shot five and preserved one (now in Goss collection) of 17 or 18 seen at +Fort Wallace, Wallace County, May 25, 1883. Several sight records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Accidental. One +record: immature male (KU 6967), Kansas River near Lawrence, Douglas +County, October 10, 1898, Gus Berger and Banks Brown. This specimen +erroneously reported as a Parasitic Jaeger, _Stercorarius parasiticus_ +(Linnaeus), in previous lists of birds of Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stercorarius longicaudus_ Vieillot. Long-tailed Jaeger. Accidental. One +record: female (KU 32610), Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 23, +1955, William M. Lynn and Larry D. Mosby. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Larus hyperboreus._ Glaucous Gull. One bird with crippled leg seen at +Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, January 27, 1951, and several days +thereafter, by many observers including the author. Placed on +Hypothetical List until specimen is taken in Kansas.] + + +_Larus argentatus._ Herring Gull. Transient, regular along Missouri +River, uncommon to rare elsewhere in state; probably rare winter +resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. a. smithsonianus_ Coues. + + +_Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Accidental. One record: +specimen (location unknown) taken by Goss, Arkansas River, Reno County, +October 20, 1880. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Transient, locally common; +rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus atricilla_ Linnaeus. Laughing Gull. Accidental. One specimen +taken 3 miles east and 2-1/2 miles south of Canton, in Marion County, +May 15, 1933, Richard H. Schmidt (specimen in his collection); sight +records from Barton and Shawnee counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Transient, abundant in west, +common in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. Rare transient. All +specimens from eastern part, west to Cloud County; status in west not +known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Rissa tridactyla._ Kittiwake. Immature bird seen at Lake Shawnee, +Shawnee County, October 20, 1951, by L. B. Carson and O. S. Pettingill, +Jr. In the absence of a specimen, the species is placed on the +Hypothical List.] + + +_Xema sabini._ Sabine Gull. Three records: immature male, taken at +Humboldt, Allen County, September 19, 1876, Peter Long (now in Goss +collection); immature male, taken at Hamilton, Greenwood County, October +3, 1909, G. C. Rinker; immature bird seen but not collected on October +18, 28, and 29, 1952, at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, by several +observers (Orville O. Rice secured good photographs of this bird). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _X. s. sabini_ (Sabine). + + +_Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Transient, locally common in +eastern half of state; status in west unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Sterna hirundo._ Common Tern. Rare transient. Two specimens: female, +Anderson County, May 11, 1878 (in Goss collection); male, Munger's Lake, +near Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 2, 1912, G. C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. h. hirundo_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Sterna albifrons._ Least Tern. Uncommon transient and local summer +resident throughout state. One definite nesting record: five nests, each +with two eggs, Arkansas River at Coolidge, Hamilton County, July 1, +1936, Otto Tiemeier. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. athalassos_ Burleigh and Lowery. + + +_Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Uncommon transient +throughout state. Many sight records but only one specimen: female (KU +17147), Douglas County, September 27, 1928, Harold Standing (skin and +body skeleton of this tern saved; erroneously reported previously as two +specimens). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Chlidonias niger._ Black Tern. Common transient and, in north-central +part, regular summer resident but no positive breeding record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. n. surinamensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Columba livia_ Gmelin. Rock Dove. Introduced. Common around +habitations; nesting locally in feral state on cliffs in western +Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized because of mixed ancestry of birds + introduced into New World. + + +* _Zenaidura macroura._ Mourning Dove. Common transient and summer +resident, uncommon winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. m. carolinensis_ (Linnaeus) in east, _Z. + m. marginella_ (Woodhouse) in west, intergrading in central part. + + +* _Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. +Formerly irregular transient and summer resident. Two specimens, both +males, taken at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, April 14, 1876, by Goss, +who also reported this species to nest there occasionally. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Columbigallina passerina._ Ground Dove. One seen on Kansas River, 3 +miles west of St. Marys, Pottawatomie County, November 11, 1954, by +Thomas A. Hoffman and James Mulligan. Placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen from Kansas.] + +[_Scardafella inca_ (Lesson). Inca Dove. One seen daily at Halstead, +Harvey County, November 10, 1951, to January 21, 1952, by Edna L. Ruth +and others. One seen in Topeka, Shawnee County, last week of June, 1952, +E. J. Rice. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from +Kansas.] + + +* _Conuropsis carolinensis._ Carolina Paroquet. Extinct. Formerly common +resident in wooded areas of east; west along stream bottoms. Goss +reported nesting of small flock near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, in +spring, 1858. No specimen from Kansas preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. ludovicianus_ (Gmelin), on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Coccyzus americanus._ Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. americanus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. Uncommon +transient and summer resident. Nesting records: female (KU 15480) and +nest containing two Black-billed Cuckoo eggs and one Yellow-billed +Cuckoo egg, 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, June 5, +1926, Charles D. Bunker; nests found in Cloud County in June, 1932 (1), +1933 (1), 1934 (1), 1935 (1), 1938 (2), J. M. Porter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Geococcyx californianus_ (Lesson). Road-runner. Resident in +south-central and southwestern Kansas; abundance and distribution +subject to wide fluctuation, current status unknown. Four nests found, +April to July, 1934, 4-1/2 miles east of Arkansas City, Cowley County, +Walter Colvin. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Crotophaga sulcirostris._ Groove-billed Ani. Accidental. Three records: +specimen (KU 31948), McCune, Crawford County, between 1885 and 1910, +Alexander J. C. Roese; specimen, Lyon County, November 1, 1904; male (KU +31951), 6-3/4 miles northeast of Blue Rapids, Marshall County, October +28, 1952, Elizabeth G. McCleod. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. sulcirostris_ Swainson. + + +* _Tyto alba._ Barn owl. Uncommon resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. pratincola_ (Bonaparte). + + +* _Otus asio._ Screech Owl. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Following reported: _O. a. naevius_ (Gmelin) + in northeast, _O. a. hasbroucki_ Ridgway in south-central, _O. a. + aikeni_ (Brewster) and _O. a. swenki_ Oberholser in west. The + status of these subspecies is poorly known; additional breeding + specimens and revisionary study are needed. + + +* _Bubo virginianus._ Horned Owl. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virginianus_ (Gmelin) in east, _B. v. + occidentalis_ Stone in west. + + +_Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Rare and irregular winter +visitant throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Surnia ulula._ Hawk Owl. None of the several sight records from Kansas +is convincing to me. Reports from eastern Kansas indicating regular +occurrence there of this far-northern species are surely erroneous and +probably pertain to Short-eared Owls.] + + +* _Speotyto cunicularia._ Burrowing Owl. Common summer resident in west; +irregular transient in east. Numbers seem to be decreasing. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. hypugea_ (Bonaparte). + + +* _Strix varia._ Barred Owl. Resident in east, locally fairly common. +Status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. georgica_ Latham in southeast; _S. v. + varia_ Barton elsewhere in state. + + +* _Asio otus._ Long-eared Owl. Uncommon summer resident, locally common +transient and winter resident throughout state. Nesting records from +Ottawa, Douglas, Doniphan, and Meade counties. Status in summer poorly +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. o. wilsonianus_ (Lesson). + + +* _Asio flammeus._ Short-eared Owl. Resident, probably throughout state, +in suitable habitat. More common in winter. Nesting records from +Woodson, Republic, and Marshall counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). + + +* _Aegolius acadicus._ Saw-whet Owl. Rare winter resident throughout +state. One nesting record: a pair found in Kansas City, Wyandotte +County, in winter, 1950, remained at least to September, 1951, and were +seen with young birds in summer, 1951, John Bishop. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. acadicus_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Caprimulgus carolinensis_ Gmelin. Chuck-will's-widow. Locally common +summer resident in eastern Kansas, western limit of distribution poorly +known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Caprimulgus vociferus._ Whip-poor-will. Locally common summer +resident in eastern Kansas; two specimens reported from Finney County, +but status in west poorly known. Two nests reported, at Geary, Doniphan +County, June 16 and June 14 to July 3, 1923, by Linsdale. In recent +years, Chuck-will's-widows seem to have increased at the expense of +Whip-poor-wills in Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Wilson. + + +* _Phalaenoptilus nuttallii._ Poor-will. Summer resident, common in +west, rare and local in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nuttallii_ (Audubon). + + +* _Chordeiles minor._ Nighthawk. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Nesting; _C. m. minor_ (Forster) in + northeast, _C. m. chapmani_ Coues in southeast, and _C. m. + howelli_ Oberholser in west, intergrading with one another through + fairly broad zones. Migration; _C. m. sennetti_ Coues throughout + state. + + +* _Chaetura pelagica_ (Linnaeus). Chimney Swift. Common transient and +summer resident in east; status in west poorly known. Schwilling reports +this species only in migration in Finney and neighboring counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Archilochus colubris_ (Linnaeus). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Common +transient and summer resident in east; much less common in west, status +there poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. One record: immature +female, 8 miles south of Richfield and 6 miles east of Kansas Highway +27, Morton County, September 3, 1952, Jean W. Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Megaceryle alcyon._ Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident and +uncommon winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. alcyon_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Colaptes auratus._ Yellow-shafted Flicker. Common resident +throughout state, but partly replaced in west by Red-shafted Flicker and +hybrids between the two species. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. auratus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast, _C. + a. luteus_ Bangs in remainder of state. _C. a. borealis_ Ridgway + has been reported in winter in east. + + +* _Colaptes cafer._ Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident in west, +hybridizing with, and replaced by, Yellow-shafted Flicker eastward. +Uncommon winter resident in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. collaris_ Vigors. + + +* _Dryocopus pileatus._ Pileated Woodpecker. Formerly common resident in +eastern Kansas, now much reduced in numbers and distribution. Recent +sight records from Leavenworth, Wyandotte, Douglas, Miami, Linn, and +Neosho counties may indicate that this species is increasing in its +former range. Definite nesting records only from Linn County where Frank +Wood and Ivan Sutton found a nest with 4 eggs and a nest with two young +and one egg, along Marais des Cygnes River, near Pleasanton, some years +ago. Eunice and Wilson Dingus have noted this species at Mound City, +Linn County, regularly for several years. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. abieticola_ (Bangs) in northeast, _D. + p. pileatus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast. + + +* _Centurus carolinus._ Red-bellied Woodpecker. Common resident in +eastern part, breeding west at least to Comanche County; additional +records in west from Morton, Finney, and Kearny counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. zebra_ (Boddaert). + + +* _Melanerpes erythrocephalus._ Red-headed Woodpecker. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. Occasional winter resident west to +Cloud County; not found in winter in southwest by Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. e. erythrocephalus_ (Linnaeus), + intergrading in west with _M. e. caurinus_ Brodkorb. + + +_Asyndesmus lewis_ (Gray). Lewis Woodpecker. Possibly rare resident in +southwest but status uncertain. Several specimens and sight records from +western third of state; one specimen, female (KU 7890), from Lawrence, +Douglas County, November 7, 1908, Bunker and Wetmore. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Sphyrapicus varius._ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Uncommon transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. varius_ (Linnaeus) in eastern Kansas, + _S. v. nuchalis_ Baird in western part (three specimens, Wallace + and Morton counties). + + +[_Sphyrapicus thyroideus._ Williamson Sapsucker. An adult male seen at +Concordia, Cloud County, April 4, 1935, by Dr. J. M. Porter. Placed in +Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] + + +* _Dendrocopos villosus._ Hairy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. villosus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Dendrocopos pubescens._ Downy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. pubescens_ (Linnaeus) in southeast + (Labette and Montgomery counties), _D. p. medianus_ (Swainson) in + rest of state, with fairly broad zone of intergradation between + the two subspecies. + + +_Dendrocopos scalaris._ Ladder-backed Woodpecker. Common resident in +extreme southwestern Kansas (Morton County). Six specimens. No nest +found yet in Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. s. symplectus_ (Oberholser). + + +* _Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state; most numerous in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Western Kingbird. Common transient and +summer resident east to Flint Hills; uncommon transient and summer +resident in east (occurs regularly at Lawrence but rarely at Kansas +City). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tyrannus vociferans._ Cassin Kingbird. Transient and summer resident in +extreme western part, east to Finney County. One specimen: male, Kansas +Highway 27 at Cimarron River [7-1/2 miles north of Elkhart], Morton +County, May 26, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No nesting record. Status +poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. v. vociferans_ Swainson. + + +* _Muscivora forficata_ (Gmelin). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Common +summer resident in southern and central Kansas; nesting west to Morton +County, north to Cloud County, east to Neosho County. Sporadic records +elsewhere in state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Myiarchus crinitus._ Crested Flycatcher. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state, but perhaps less numerous in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. boreus_ Bangs. + + +_Myiarchus cinerascens._ Ash-throated Flycatcher. Known only from Morton +County; several seen in May, 1950, and a female with somewhat enlarged +ovary taken, 8 miles south of Richfield, May 7, 1950, Richard and Jean +Graber. No nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. cinerascens_ (Lawrence). + + +* _Sayornis phoebe_ (Latham). Eastern Phoebe. Common transient and +summer resident in east; occurs, but must less common, in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sayornis saya._ Say Phoebe. Common transient and summer resident in +west. Nesting records from Rawlins, Jewell, Logan, and Ness counties. In +migration, reported east to Republic and Lyon counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. saya_ (Bonaparte) is the breeding + bird; _S. s. yukonensis_ Bishop probably occurs in migration. + + +_Empidonax flaviventris_ (Baird and Baird). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. +Uncommon transient in east. Specimens from Johnson, Douglas, and Shawnee +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Empidonax virescens_ (Vieillot). Acadian Flycatcher. Summer resident +in eastern Kansas. Specimens from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Douglas, +Woodson, Montgomery, and Labette counties. Nesting records from Doniphan +County (Jean M. Linsdale), Linn County (Wilson J. and Eunice Dingus), +and Douglas County (R. F. Miller). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax traillii._ Alder Flycatcher. Transient throughout state; no +satisfactory nesting records or specimens taken in breeding season. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. t. brewsteri_ Oberholser transient, + probably more common in west, and _E. t. traillii_ (Audubon) + transient and perhaps breeding in east. + + +_Empidonax minimus_ (Baird and Baird). Least Flycatcher. Common +transient throughout state; no satisfactory evidence of nesting. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax oberholseri_ Phillips. Wright Flycatcher. Known only from +three specimens, May 8 (male and female) and May 12 (male), 1950, eight +miles south of Richfield, Morton County, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax difficilis._ Western Flycatcher. Known only from two +specimens taken eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County; September +3, 1952, immature female, Jean Graber; September 5, 1952, immature male +(KU 31203), Richard Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. d. hellmayri_ Brodkorb (female + specimen); intermediate between _E. d. hellmayri_ and _E. d. + difficilis_ Baird (male specimen). + + +* _Contopus virens_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Wood Pewee. Common transient and +summer resident in east, rare transient in west. Breeding distribution +in state poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Contopus richardsonii._ Western Wood Pewee. Common transient and +probably summer resident in west; rare transient in east (specimen from +Greenwood County and one seen in Cloud County). No nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. r. richardsonii_ (Swainson). + + +_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Eremophila alpestris._ Horned Lark. Common transient and resident +throughout state. Numbers augmented by northern birds in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. praticola_ (Henshaw) resident in + east; _E. a. enthymia_ (Oberholser) resident west of Flint Hills; + _E. a. hoyti_ (Bishop), _E. a. alpestris_ (Linnaeus), and _E. a. + leucolaema_ (Coues) in winter. + + +[_Tachycineta thalassina._ Violet-green Swallow. Five birds seen at Lake +Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 14, 1947, by L. B. Carson. Placed in +Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] + + +* _Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Summer resident in +extreme northeastern Kansas; common transient throughout eastern half of +state, status in west not known. Nesting records only from Doniphan +County, along Missouri River, four nests located by Linsdale, in 1922, +1923, and 1924, and Leavenworth County, nests found by Brumwell along +Missouri River. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Riparia riparia._ Bank Swallow. Common transient and summer resident, +probably throughout state but status in northwest not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. r. riparia_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Stelgidopteryx ruficollis._ Rough-winged Swallow. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. serripennis_ (Audubon). + + +* _Hirundo rustica._ Barn Swallow. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. r. erythrogaster_ Boddaert. + + +* _Petrochelidon pyrrhonota._ Cliff Swallow. Common transient and +locally common summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. pyrrhonota_ (Vieillot). + + +_Progne subis._ Purple Martin. Common transient and summer resident in +east to uncommon or rare in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. subis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Cyanocitta cristata._ Blue Jay. Common transient and resident +throughout state; less common in northern and western sections in +winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. bromia_ Oberholser in east, _C. c. + cyanotephra_ Sutton in west, intergrading through central Kansas. + + +[_Cyanocitta stelleri._ Steller Jay. Several sight records from +southwestern Kansas. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a +specimen.] + + +_Aphelocoma coerulescens._ Scrub Jay. Irregular winter resident in +southwestern Kansas. Five specimens (KU 20812-5, 21213), 12 miles +northeast of Elkhart, Morton County, November 8, 10, 14, 1934, W. S. +Long and Fred Hastie. Two seen in Finney County, January 15, 1955, by +Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. woodhouseii_ (Baird). + + +_Aphelocoma ultramarina._ Arizona Jay. Accidental. One specimen: +"probably female," near Mt. Jesus, Clark County, March, 1906, B. Ashton +Keith. Identification confirmed by L. L. Dyche; present location of +specimen unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. u. arizonae_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Pica pica._ American Magpie. Common resident in west; occasional in +east in winter. Eastward extent of breeding range poorly known; nests +from Ottawa (1951), Republic (1951 and 1953), and Cloud (1954) counties. +Extending breeding range eastward (J. M. Porter). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. hudsonia_ (Sabine). + + +_Corvus corax._ American Raven. Formerly occurred on High Plains, +precise status not known. No records since disappearance of bison herds. +One specimen: Jewell County, date unknown, Edward Kern (specimen now at +Kansas State College, Manhattan). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. sinuatus_ Wagler. + + +* _Corvus cryptoleucus_ Couch. White-necked Raven. Common summer +resident in western two tiers of counties; occasional resident east to +Ford County. Locally common winter resident (Finney, Scott, and Sherman +counties). One shot at Larned, Pawnee County, about October 25, 1937, by +Frank Robl. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Corvus brachyrhynchos._ Crow. Common resident in east, less common in +west. Abundant transient and winter resident in central Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. b. brachyrhynchos_ Brehm. + + +_Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Piñon Jay. Irregular winter visitant, +more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Douglas (twice), +Sedgwick, Mitchell, Clark, Finney, and Kearny counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Irregular winter +visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Marshall +(twice), Ellis, Lyon, Finney, and Seward counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Parus atricapillus._ Black-capped Chickadee. Common resident in +entire state except for southern tier of counties, where either rare or +absent in summer and locally common in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. atricapillus_ Linnaeus in east, where + most specimens are more or less intermediate toward _P. a. + septentrionalis_ Harris, the resident subspecies in the west. + + +* _Parus carolinensis._ Carolina Chickadee. Common resident in southern +tier of counties; taken also in Greenwood County. Reported occurrence in +Douglas County is erroneous. Proof of breeding rests on partly grown +juveniles taken in Barber County, and on two nests found in Montgomery +County by L. B. Carson. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. atricapilloides_ Lunk. + + +* _Parus bicolor_ Linnaeus. Tufted Titmouse. Common resident in eastern +Kansas, west at least to Barber, Harvey, and Cloud counties. Western +limit of breeding range poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sitta carolinensis._ White-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon and local +resident and winter visitant throughout state. Three positive nesting +records, all from Douglas County, by C. D. Bunker, R. F. Miller, and +Katherine Kelley. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. carolinensis_ Latham resident in + Labette and Montgomery counties; _S. c. nelsoni_ Mearns occurs in + at least Morton County, status uncertain; _S. c. cookei_ + Oberholser resident and winter visitant in rest of state. + + +_Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon transient +and winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Certhia familiaris._ Brown Creeper. Fairly common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. f. americana_ Bonaparte. + + +* _Troglodytes aëdon._ House Wren. Transient and summer resident, common +in east to uncommon in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. parkmanii_ Audubon. + + +_Troglodytes troglodytes._ Winter Wren. Rare or uncommon transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. t. hiemalis_ Vieillot. + + +_Thryomanes bewickii._ Bewick Wren. Resident, common in south, rare in +north; status poorly known. Nesting records from Shawnee, Johnson, and +Montgomery counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. b. bewickii_ (Audubon) in northern and + northeastern part, _T. b. cryptus_ Oberholser in rest of state. + (_T. b. niceae_ Sutton, a questionably valid subspecies, has been + reported from Meade and Morton counties.) + + +* _Thryothorus ludovicianus._ Carolina Wren. Resident, common in south, +less common to north and west. One record from Hamilton County; status +in northwest unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. l. ludovicianus_ (Latham). + + +* _Telmatodytes palustris._ Long-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient +throughout state; known as a breeding bird only from Doniphan County, +where Linsdale found several nests and collected a juvenile (KU 12869) +with half-grown tail, August 31, 1922. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. p. dissaëptus_ (Bangs). + + +* _Cistothorus platensis._ Short-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient +and irregular summer resident in east, no records from west. One +breeding record: male (KU 29665), female (KU 29666), and their nest with +four eggs, eight miles west of Lawrence, Douglas County, August 30, +1950, H. B. Tordoff and G. P. Young. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. stellaris_ (Naumann). + + +* _Salpinctes obsoletus._ Rock Wren. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding +range not known. Nests found in Hamilton, Scott, and Logan counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. o. obsoletus_ (Say). + + +* _Mimus polyglottos._ Mockingbird. Resident throughout state, less +common in north, especially in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. p. polyglottos_ (Linnaeus) in east, _M. + p. leucopterus_ (Vigors) in west (most specimens from Kansas are + intermediate between the two subspecies). + + +* _Dumetella carolinensis_ (Linnaeus). Catbird. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Toxostoma rufum._ Brown Thrasher. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state; occasional winter resident at least in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. r. rufum_ (Linnaeus) in east, _T. r. + longicauda_ Baird in west. + + +_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Rare transient in +west. Two unsexed specimens (KU 31941, 31942), 1 mile south of Holcomb, +Finney County, September 20 and October 2, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. +A third individual seen in Morton County, September 27, 1954, and a +fourth in Kearny County, March 23, 1955, by Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Turdus migratorius._ Robin. Common transient and summer resident; +locally common winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. m. migratorius_ Linnaeus breeds in most + of state but birds in southeast are intermediate toward _T. m. + achrusterus_ (Batchelder); _T. m. propinquus_ Ridgway occurs in + west, at least in migration, and irregularly in other parts of + state in winter. + + +_Ixoreus naevius._ Varied Thrush. Accidental. One record: specimen +(present location unknown) taken at Garden City, Finney County, October +17, 1891, H. W. Menke. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Probably _I. n. meruloides_ (Swainson), on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Hylocichla mustelina_ (Gmelin). Wood Thrush. Common transient and +summer resident in east, absent in west, western limit of breeding in +Kansas not known (nests, but uncommonly, in Cloud County). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Hylocichla guttata._ Hermit Thrush. Transient throughout state, usually +uncommon. Rare in winter in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. g. faxoni_ Bangs and Penard in east, _H. + g. sequoiensis_ (Belding) in west. + + +_Hylocichla ustulata._ Olive-backed Thrush. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. u. swainsoni_ (Tschudi). + + +_Hylocichla minima._ Gray-cheeked Thrush. Fairly common transient in +east; probably does not occur in west but western limit in migration in +Kansas unknown (rare in Cloud County, three records by J. M. Porter). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. m. minima_ (Lafresnaye). + + +_Hylocichla fuscescens._ Veery. Transient, rare in east, fairly common +in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. f. salicicola_ Ridgway. + + +* _Sialia sialis._ Eastern Bluebird. Common resident and transient +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. sialis_ (Linnaeus). + + +[_Sialia mexicana._ Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Said to be winter resident +at Coolidge, Hamilton County, by Shanstrum. Reliably reported from +southeastern Colorado. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a +specimen from Kansas.] + + +_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Common winter +resident in west; occurs regularly east to Cloud and Barber counties and +irregularly farther east (to Douglas and Anderson counties). Bunker and +Rocklund took a full-grown juvenal female (KU 5900) on June 20, 1911, +near the Colorado line northwest of Coolidge, Hamilton County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Myadestes townsendi._ Townsend Solitaire. Winter resident in small +numbers in west; irregular in winter in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. t. townsendi_ (Audubon). + + +* _Polioptila caerulea._ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common transient and +summer resident in east, probably transient only in west but status +there poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan, Douglas, and Barber +counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Regulus satrapa._ Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout +state; uncommon winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. s. satrapa_ Lichtenstein. + + +_Regulus calendula._ Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout +state; rare winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. calendula_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Anthus spinoletta._ Water Pipit. Common transient throughout state, +more numerous in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. rubescens_ (Tunstall). + + +_Anthus spragueii_ (Audubon). Sprague Pipit. Transient throughout state, +perhaps more common in central or western parts; status poorly known. +Specimens known from Trego, Cloud, Greenwood, Woodson, and Anderson +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Bombycilla garrulus._ Bohemian Waxwing. Rare winter visitant throughout +state. Few specimens on record, from Riley, Shawnee, Jefferson, +Greenwood, and Sedgwick counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. g. pallidiceps_ Reichenow. + + +* _Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Common transient and +irregular winter resident throughout state; rare summer resident in +northeast. Breeding records: four nests found at Lake Quivira, Wyandotte +County, July 22, 1947 (nestling collected, KU 32374), July 3, 1949 +(young in nest), July 4, 1950, July 10, 1952 (young in nest), Harold C. +Hedges; nest found in Topeka, Shawnee County, June 16, 1953, Cliff +Olander and T. W. Nelson. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Lanius excubitor._ Northern Shrike. Winter resident, rare in east, +uncommon in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. e. borealis_ Vieillot in east, _L. e. + invictus_ Grinnell in west (most specimens from Kansas are + intermediate between the two). + + +* _Lanius ludovicianus._ Loggerhead Shrike. Common resident and +transient throughout state, but may leave north-central and northwestern +parts in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. migrans_ Palmer in extreme east, _L. + l. excubitorides_ Swainson in west, east to Norton, Ness, and + Clark counties; birds from rest of state mostly intermediate. + + +* _Sturnus vulgaris._ Starling. Introduced. First appeared in early +1930's, now common transient and resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. vulgaris_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Vireo atricapillus_ Woodhouse. Black-capped Vireo. Summer resident in +Comanche and possibly other south-central counties. Status poorly known. +Goss collected three pairs in southeastern Comanche County, May 7 to 18, +1885, and found a nest under construction on May 11, 1885. Sight records +from Manhattan, Riley County, June 18, 1953, by Scott Searles, and +Halstead, Harvey County, May 16, 1951, by Edna L. Ruth. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Vireo griseus._ White-eyed Vireo. Locally common transient and summer +resident in east. Status poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan +County (Linsdale) and Kansas City region; specimens taken in summer from +Douglas, Montgomery, and Labette counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Vireo bellii._ Bell Vireo. Common summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. b. bellii_ Audubon. + + +* _Vireo flavifrons_ Vieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon transient +and local, uncommon summer resident throughout state. Goss reported two +nests, one with 1 Cowbird and 3 vireo eggs, at Neosho Falls, Woodson +County, May 9, 1877, and one under construction at Topeka, Shawnee +County, May 18, 1883. T. W. Nelson found a nest at Topeka in 1947 (date +approximate). R. F. Miller found an occupied nest 3 miles north of +Baldwin, Douglas County, May 6, 1947. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vireo solitarius._ Solitary Vireo. Fairly common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. s. solitarius_ (Wilson) in east, _V. s. + plumbeus_ Coues and _V. s. cassinii_ Xantus in west. + + +* _Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vireo philadelphicus_ (Cassin). Philadelphia Vireo. Uncommon transient +in east (often overlooked); reported west to Harvey County but western +limit of migration in Kansas not known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Vireo gilvus._ Warbling Vireo. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. gilvus_ (Vieillot). + + +* _Mniotilta varia_ (Linnaeus). Black and White Warbler. Common +transient throughout state, local and uncommon summer resident in east. +Breeding distribution in state poorly known. Nests reported in Douglas +and Leavenworth counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Protonotaria citrea_ (Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Locally common +transient and summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from +Doniphan, Leavenworth, Johnson, Douglas, Shawnee, and Woodson counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Helmitheros vermivorus_ (Gmelin). Worm-eating Warbler. Rare transient +(specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties) and summer +resident in east. Linsdale saw a singing bird on July 11, 1923, in +Doniphan County. Hilton (Wilson Bull., 32, 1920:85-86) reports finding a +newly-fledged young bird with an adult at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth +County, on June 7, 1919 (some of Hilton's records seem highly +improbable, but the one in question is convincing to me). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora chrysoptera_ (Linnaeus). Golden-winged Warbler. Rare +transient in east. Several sight records and one specimen: female (KU +12700), 3 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 2, 1921, E. R. +Hall. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora pinus_ (Linnaeus). Blue-winged Warbler. Uncommon transient in +east. Possibly nests rarely but no definite evidence. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora peregrina_ (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Common transient in +east, uncommon transient in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora celata._ Orange-crowned Warbler. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. c. celata_ (Say) throughout state, _V. + c. orestera_ Oberholser in west. + + +_Vermivora ruficapilla._ Nashville Warbler. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. r. ruficapilla_ (Wilson). + + +_Vermivora virginiae_ (Baird). Virginia Warbler. Transient in extreme +west. Known in Kansas only from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton +County: five birds seen, two collected, May 4 to 10, 1950, Richard and +Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Parula americana_ (Linnaeus). Parula Warbler. Fairly common transient +and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Riley, +Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties; western limit of breeding +distribution unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Dendroica petechia._ Yellow Warbler. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. aestiva_ (Gmelin) breeding in all + except southwestern Kansas; _D. p. sonorana_ Brewster probably + breeding in extreme southwest (specimens from Morton County); _D. + p. rubiginosa_ (Pallas) transient, probably throughout state. + + +_Dendroica magnolia_ (Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. Uncommon transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica tigrina_ (Gmelin). Cape May Warbler. Rare transient in east. +Several sight records but only one specimen from state: immature male +(KU 31644), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 6, 1954 (abnormally late +date), Mary Edith Kizer. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica caerulescens._ Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rare transient, +more records from west than from east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. caerulescens_ (Gmelin). + + +_Dendroica coronata._ Myrtle Warbler. Common transient throughout state, +rare winter resident. (See also Audubon Warbler.) + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. coronata_ (Linnaeus) and _D. c. + hooveri_ McGregor. + + +_Dendroica auduboni._ Audubon Warbler. Common transient in west, rare in +east, specimens taken east to Trego County. Hybrids between this species +and Myrtle Warbler common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. a. auduboni_ (Townsend). + + +_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Common +transient in extreme western Kansas. Several sight records and four +specimens from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 8 to 13, +1950, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Transient in extreme +western Kansas. Five records: all from 8 miles south of Richfield, +Morton County, May 3 (female collected), 11, and 20, 1950, September 3 +and 5 (immature female, KU 31206), 1952, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica virens._ Black-throated Green Warbler. Transient, uncommon in +east and rare in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. virens_ (Gmelin). + + +_Dendroica cerulea_ (Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. Uncommon transient and +possibly summer resident in east, but status poorly known. No definite +nesting record. Only five specimens on record. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica fusca_ (Müller). Blackburnian Warbler. Transient, uncommon in +east, rare in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Dendroica dominica._ Sycamore Warbler. A few sight records from east +and possibly breeds in southeast but placed on Hypothetical List until a +specimen from state is obtained.] + + +_Dendroica pensylvanica_ (Linnaeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Transient, +fairly common in east, uncommon in west. Only three specimens from +state, two from Shawnee County, one from Morton County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica castanea_ (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Uncommon transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica striata_ (Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common transient in +east, uncommon or rare in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Dendroica pinus._ Pine Warbler. Probably rare transient in east where +several have been reported seen, but placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen from Kansas. Linsdale reported taking a Pine +Warbler in Doniphan County, September 13, 1923, but the specimen is +actually a Cerulean Warbler.] + + +* _Dendroica discolor._ Prairie Warbler. Known to occur regularly only +in Wyandotte and Johnson counties, where locally common transient and +summer resident; newly fledged young have been found. One specimen: male +(KU 32376), 2 miles west of Lake Quivira, Johnson County, May 3, 1942, +Harold C. Hedges. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. d. discolor_ (Vieillot). + + +_Dendroica palmarum._ Palm Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, west at +least to Cloud County. Western limit of occurrence in migration not +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. palmarum_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Seiurus aurocapillus._ Oven-bird. Fairly common transient throughout +state; local summer resident in northeast. Brumwell reported one pair +nesting in June, 1939, and in 1940, at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth +County. His report is lacking in details but no other nesting records +are available. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. aurocapillus_ (Linnaeus) throughout + state, _S. a. cinereus_ A. H. Miller taken in Cheyenne County. + + +_Seiurus noveboracensis._ Northern Water-thrush. Fairly common transient +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. notabilis_ Ridgway. + + +* _Seiurus motacilla_ (Vieillot). Louisiana Water-thrush. Fairly common +transient and summer resident in east, uncommon transient in west. +Approximately 11 breeding records, all from Miami and Linn counties. +Summer distribution in state inadequately known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Oporornis formosus_ (Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Common transient and +summer resident in east. Nests west to Riley County, but not reported +from Cloud County by Porter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oporornis philadelphia_ (Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Locally common +transient in east, west rarely to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. Sight +records supposedly of Connecticut Warblers (_Oporornis agilis_) may, at +least in part, refer to this species. No specimens of _O. agilis_ known +from state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oporornis tolmiei._ Macgillivray Warbler. Common transient in extreme +western Kansas, accidental in east. Specimens from Morton, Hamilton, and +Marshall (1) counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. t. monticola_ Phillips. + + +* _Geothlypis trichas._ Yellow-throat. Common transient throughout +state; common summer resident in east, less common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. t. brachidactyla_ (Swainson) breeds in + east; _G. t. occidentalis_ Brewster breeds in west. Distribution + in Kansas of these subspecies and identity of transients poorly + known. + + +* _Icteria virens._ Yellow-breasted Chat. Common transient and summer +resident, perhaps less common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. v. virens_ (Linnaeus) in east, _I. v. + auricollis_ (Lichtenstein) in west, intergrading through most of + state. + + +_Wilsonia citrina_ (Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. Formerly common summer +resident in east, now rare and perhaps no longer nests in state. No +satisfactory breeding record. Three males from Leavenworth County, May +9, 1871, and one from Shawnee County, May 17, 1871, taken by J. A. +Allen, are now at Harvard. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Wilsonia pusilla._ Wilson Warbler. Common transient throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _W. p. pusilla_ (Wilson) in east, _W. p. + pileolata_ (Pallas) in west; precise distribution in migration + unknown. + + +_Wilsonia canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Warbler. Uncommon transient in +east, reported west to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Setophaga ruticilla._ American Redstart. Common transient and local +summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but breeding +range in state poorly known. Few definite nesting records: Brumwell +reported nesting at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County; J. M. Porter +found a nest in Republic County, May 22, 1940. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. ruticilla_ (Linnaeus) is breeding + form; _S. r. tricolora_ (Müller) occurs in migration. + + +* _Passer domesticus._ English Sparrow. Introduced. Common resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. domesticus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Transient, uncommon in +east and rare in west in spring; rare in east and absent in west in +fall. In 1940, several pairs remained until July 21 near Jamestown State +Lake, Cloud County, and two pairs were seen feeding fledglings on June +25 (J. M. Porter). No other good evidence of breeding. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sturnella magna._ Eastern Meadowlark. Common transient and resident +in eastern part. Nests locally west to Jewell County in north and Barber +County in south. Less common in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. magna_ (Linnaeus) in northeast, _S. + m. argutula_ Bangs in southeast. + + +_Sturnella neglecta._ Western Meadowlark. Common transient and resident +in western part. Nests commonly east to Flint Hills, irregularly and +uncommonly in east. Largely replaces Eastern Meadowlark in east in +winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. neglecta_ Audubon. + + +* _Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. +Transient, common in west and uncommon in east, and uncommon, local +summer resident. Breeds more frequently in west; nesting records from +Meade, Wallace, Barton, Stafford, Doniphan, and Douglas counties. One +winter record, Riley County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Agelaius phoeniceus._ Red-wing. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state, less common winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus) breeds in most + of state; _A. p. fortis_ Ridgway may nest in west and occurs in + migration; _A. p. arctolegus_ Oberholser occurs in migration. + + +* _Icterus spurius_ (Linnaeus). Orchard Oriole. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Icterus cucullatus._ Hooded Oriole. Accidental. One record: bird banded +at Los Angeles, California, January 22, 1939, found dead by Dr. F. S. +Williams, 16 miles southeast of Garden City, Finney County, about August +5, 1939; foot of specimen preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. c. californicus_ (Lesson), on geographic + grounds. + + +* _Icterus galbula_ (Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. Common transient and +summer resident through most of state; hybridizes freely with Bullock +Oriole in west. One winter record: immature male (KU 31988), Lawrence, +Douglas County, December 25, 1953, H. B. Tordoff. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Icterus bullockii._ Bullock Oriole. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and Douglas +County (transient). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. b. bullockii_ (Swainson). + + +_Euphagus carolinus._ Rusty Blackbird. Common transient and locally +common winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. c. carolinus_ (Müller). + + +_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Transient and local +winter resident. Common in west, uncommon in east. Probably nests in +northwest, but no satisfactory evidence of this. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Quiscalus quiscula._ Bronzed Grackle. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state; local winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Q. q. versicolor_ Vieillot. + + +* _Molothrus ater._ Cowbird. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state; local winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. ater_ (Boddaert) is breeding bird; + _M. a. artemisiae_ Grinnell transient, common in west and possibly + nesting in northwest. + + +_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Fairly common transient +and perhaps summer resident in extreme west. Two males taken 4-1/2 miles +west of Kendall, Hamilton County, May 20 and June 1, 1893, H. W. Menke; +many seen and two males and a female (KU 31207) taken 8 miles south of +Richfield, Morton County, May 6, 1950 (males) and September 4, 1952, +Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Piranga olivacea_ (Gmelin). Scarlet Tanager. Fairly common transient +in east and uncommon summer resident in northeast. Distribution in state +poorly known; breeding records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, and Cloud +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Piranga rubra._ Summer Tanager. Common transient and summer resident, +distribution poorly known. Recorded in migration (possibly breeding?) +west to Morton County and breeding in Doniphan and Douglas counties. Not +reported by Porter as nesting in Cloud County. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. r. rubra_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Richmondena cardinalis._ Cardinal. Common resident in east, uncommon +in west, rare in extreme southwest. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. cardinalis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Pheucticus ludovicianus_ (Linnaeus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common +transient and locally common summer resident in east. Reported in summer +west to Rawlins County; probably absent in summer from southeast. +Distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Pheucticus melanocephalus._ Black-headed Grosbeak. Common transient +and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud and Harvey counties. +Occasionally occurs farther east in migration. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. m. melanocephalus_ (Swainson). + + +* _Guiraca caerulea._ Blue Grosbeak. Common transient and summer +resident in most of state; locally common in summer in northeast. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus) in east, _G. c. + interfusa_ Dwight and Griscom in west; most specimens from state + are intergrades. + + +_Passerina cyanea_ (Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting. Common transient and +summer resident west to Finney County, status in extreme west not known +but probably absent there. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Common transient and probably +summer resident in extreme western Kansas. No breeding record. Rare in +east in migration. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Passerina ciris._ Painted Bunting. Fairly common summer resident in +east, west to Barber and north to Riley and Shawnee counties. One +positive nesting record: nest with young, successfully fledged, +Lawrence, Douglas County, spring and summer, 1918, Bessie D. Reed. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. pallidior_ Mearns. + + +* _Spiza americana_ (Gmelin). Dickcissel. Transient and summer resident +throughout state; common in east, locally common in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Hesperiphona vespertina._ Evening Grosbeak. Rare and irregular winter +visitant. Reported from widely scattered localities throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. v. vespertina_ (Cooper); _H. v. brooksi_ + Grinnell may occur in west. + + +_Carpodacus purpureus._ Purple Finch. Fairly common transient and winter +resident in east; status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. purpureus_ (Gmelin). + + +_Carpodacus mexicanus._ House Finch. Occurs in southwestern Kansas, +reported common north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One +record from Concordia, Cloud County, 2 or 3 birds seen from February 26 +to March 6, 1954, Lillie and Ida Cook, J. M. Porter. Most records in +winter; status in summer uncertain. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. frontalis_ (Say). + + +[_Pinicola enucleator._ Pine Grosbeak. One old record (possibly based on +a specimen, but convincing details are lacking) and a few recent sight +records from east. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of an +authentic specimen from state.] + + +_Acanthis flammea._ Redpoll. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Records +from Cloud, Riley (specimen), Douglas (specimens), and Woodson counties, +and Kansas City region. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Spinus pinus._ Pine Siskin. Common but irregular transient and winter +resident throughout state. Two breeding records: nest with 3 or 4 young, +later successfully fledged, Onaga, Pottawatomie County, May 3, 1920, F. +F. Crevecoeur; nest with 3 eggs (young successfully fledged), 1 mile +southwest of Concordia, Cloud County, observed from April 6 to 30, 1954, +J. M. Porter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. pinus_ (Wilson). + + +* _Spinus tristis._ Eastern Goldfinch. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. t. tristis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Loxia curvirostra._ Red Crossbill. Irregular winter visitant +throughout state, locally common at times. One nesting record: nest with +one egg, Topeka, Shawnee County, March 22, 1917, A. Sidney Hyde. This +nest later held three eggs, all hatched, three young fledged, and the +family left the area in June. + + Subspecies in Kansas (in approximate decreasing order of + frequency): _L. c. benti_ Griscom, _L. c. bendirei_ Ridgway, _L. + c. minor_ (Brehm), _L. c. stricklandi_ Ridgway, _L. c. sitkensis_ + Grinnell. + + +_Loxia leucoptera._ White-winged Crossbill. Rare and irregular winter +visitant throughout the state. Only two specimens taken (Douglas and +Ellis counties). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. leucoptera_ Gmelin. + + +_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Fairly common +transient in west; rare winter visitant in east (Shawnee County, +Wyandotte County). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Pipilo erythrophthalmus._ Red-eyed Towhee. Common transient and +winter resident throughout state; uncommon summer resident in east, +status in west in summer not known. No nest found, but recently fledged +young reported in several counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. e. erythrophthalmus_ (Linnaeus) + resident; _P. e. arcticus_ (Swainson) winter resident throughout + state; _P. e. montanus_ Swarth reported as transient only from + Morton County. + + +* _Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Common transient +and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. Nesting in +southwestern Kansas irregular; absent some years and present in other +years. One nesting record from east, in Franklin County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerculus sandwichensis._ Savannah Sparrow. Common transient and rare +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. savanna_ (Wilson), _P. s. nevadensis_ + Grinnell, _P. s. oblitus_ Peters and Griscom. + + +* _Ammodramus savannarum._ Grasshopper Sparrow. Common transient and +local summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. perpallidus_ (Coues). + + +_Ammodramus bairdii_ (Audubon). Baird Sparrow. One record: male? (U. S. +Natl. Mus. 155884), Pendennis, Lane County, April 25, 1897, J. A. +Loring. This species probably occurs regularly in the state but is +overlooked. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerherbulus caudacutus_ (Latham). Leconte Sparrow. Common transient +and irregular, locally common winter resident west at least to Lane +County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Passerherbulus henslowii._ Henslow Sparrow. Uncommon transient and +uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to Cloud County. +Breeding records from Morris, Shawnee, Douglas, and Anderson counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. henslowii_ (Audubon). + + +_Ammospiza caudacuta._ Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Rare transient in east. +Specimens taken in Shawnee, Douglas, Woodson, and McPherson counties. +Supposed nesting reported by Goss probably erroneous. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. nelsoni_ (Allen). + + +_Pooecetes gramineus._ Vesper Sparrow. Common transient throughout +state. May nest in northwest but no evidence available. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. g. gramineus_ (Gmelin) in east, _P. g. + confinis_ Baird in west. + + +* _Chondestes grammacus._ Lark Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. grammacus_ (Say) east of Flint Hills, + _C. g. strigatus_ Swainson in west; the two subspecies intergrade + in central Kansas. + + +_Aimophila ruficeps._ Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Two records: male (KU +29222), Schwarz Canyon, Comanche County, June 7, 1936, C. W. Hibbard; +one seen near Point Rock, Morton County, May 21, 1950, Richard and Jean +Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. r. scottii_ (Sennett). + + +_Aimophila aestivalis._ Pine-woods Sparrow. One specimen: male (KU +32377), Lake Quivira, in Wyandotte County, April 26, 1948, Harold C. +Hedges. One seen, Lake Quivira, in Johnson County, April 24, 1949, +Harold C. Hedges. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. illinoensis_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Aimophila cassinii_ (Woodhouse). Cassin Sparrow. Common summer +resident in southwestern Kansas, known north to Hamilton County and east +to Finney County. One nesting record: nest with two young and one pipped +egg, one mile south of Garden City, Finney County, May 24, 1954, Marvin +D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Amphispiza bilineata._ Black-throated Sparrow. One record: specimen of +unknown sex (KU 31356), 4 miles north and 3 miles east of Garden City, +Finney County, November 25, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. b. deserticola_ Ridgway. + + +_Junco aikeni_ Ridgway. White-winged Junco. Fairly common transient and +winter resident in western Kansas. Specimens from Wallace, Ellis, +Hamilton, and Morton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Junco hyemalis._ Slate-colored Junco. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _J. h. hyemalis_ (Linnaeus), _J. h. + cismontanus_ Dwight. + + +_Junco oreganus._ Oregon Junco. Common transient and winter resident in +west, uncommon in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _J. o. montanus_ Ridgway, _J. o. mearnsi_ + Ridgway. + + +_Spizella arborea._ Tree Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. arborea_ (Wilson) common in east; _S. + a. ochracea_ Brewster common throughout state. + + +* _Spizella passerina._ Chipping Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident in east, less common in west. Only two actual nesting records: +occupied nest at Lawrence, Douglas County, May, 1954, James S. Findley; +nest with 4 large young, 6 miles south of Atchison, Atchison County, +May, 1934 or 1935, Homer A. Stephens (photographs taken of nest and +adult). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. passerina_ (Bechstein) in east, _S. + p. arizonae_ Coues in west. + + +_Spizella pallida_ (Swainson). Clay-colored Sparrow. Common transient +throughout state. Possibly breeds in northwest: male (KU 31950) with +greatly enlarged testes (9 × 6 mm.), 1 mile north of St. Francis, +Cheyenne County, June 12, 1954, H. B. Tordoff. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Spizella breweri._ Brewer Sparrow. Common transient in west. Five +specimens known: four males, Morton County, April 8 to May 1, 1950, +Richard and Jean Graber; one specimen (sex?), Finney County, May 3, +1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. b. breweri_ Cassin. + + +* _Spizella pusilla._ Field Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident and uncommon winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. arenacea_ Chadbourne, intergrading in + east with _S. p. pusilla_ (Wilson). + + +_Zonotrichia querula_ (Nuttall). Harris Sparrow. Common transient and +winter resident in east, uncommon in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys._ White-crowned Sparrow. Common transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. l. leucophrys_ (Forster) common in east, + uncommon in west; _Z. l. gambelii_ (Nuttall) common in west, + fairly common in east. + + +_Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Fairly common +transient, uncommon winter resident west at least to Cloud and Sedgwick +counties. Status in west poorly known; not reported at Garden City by +Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerella iliaca._ Fox Sparrow. Fairly common transient and uncommon +winter resident in east; probably occurs in west but status there poorly +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. i. iliaca_ (Merrem); other subspecies + may be found in west when specimens become available. + + +_Melospiza lincolnii._ Lincoln Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. l. lincolnii_ (Audubon) throughout + state; _M. l. alticola_ (Miller and McCabe) in extreme west. + + +_Melospiza georgiana._ Swamp Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon +winter resident in east. Western limit of range in Kansas not known +(rare transient in Cloud and Finney counties--Porter and Schwilling). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. georgiana_ (Latham), _M. g. + ericrypta_ Oberholser. + + +_Melospiza melodia._ Song Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. euphonia_ Wetmore, _M. m. juddi_ + Bishop, _M. m. montana_ Henshaw. + + +_Rhynchophanes mccownii_ (Lawrence). McCown Longspur. Transient, common +in west, rare in east, and winter resident, uncommon in west, rare in +east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Calcarius lapponicus._ Lapland Longspur. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. l. lapponicus_ (Linnaeus) is the common + form; _C. l. alascensis_ Ridgway occurs uncommonly (specimens from + Douglas and Hamilton counties). + + +_Calcarius pictus_ (Swainson). Smith Longspur. Fairly common transient +and locally common winter resident except in extreme east, where rare. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Calcarius ornatus_ (Townsend). Chestnut-collared Longspur. Common +transient and winter resident in west, uncommon in east. Formerly, at +least, occurred in summer in High Plains of west; nests found in Ellis +County in 1871 by J. A. Allen. No recent records in summer. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Plectrophenax nivalis._ Snow Bunting. Winter visitant at irregular and, +sometimes, long intervals. No specimens preserved in state since 1879. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nivalis_ (Linnaeus). + + + _Transmitted May 19, 1955._ + + + + + Index to Common Names + + + Acadian Flycatcher, 334 + Alder Flycatcher, 334 + American Bittern, 312 + American Coot, 322 + American Egret, 311 + American Knot, 325 + American Magpie, 336 + American Merganser, 317 + American Raven, 336 + American Redstart, 346 + American Woodcock, 323 + Arizona Jay, 336 + Ash-throated Flycatcher, 333 + Audubon Warbler, 343 + Avocet, 326 + + Baird Sandpiper, 325 + Baird Sparrow, 350 + Bald Eagle, 319 + Baldpate, 315 + Baltimore Oriole, 347 + Bank Swallow, 335 + Barn Owl, 330 + Barn Swallow, 335 + Barred Owl, 330 + Bay-breasted Warbler, 344 + Bell Vireo, 341 + Belted Kingfisher, 331 + Bewick Wren, 338 + Black and White Warbler, 342 + Black-bellied Plover, 323 + Black-billed Cuckoo, 329 + blackbirds, 346-348 + Blackburnian Warbler, 344 + Black-capped Chickadee, 337 + Black-capped Vireo, 341 + Black-crowned Night Heron, 312 + Black Duck, 314 + Black-headed Grosbeak, 348 + Black-necked Stilt, 326 + Black-poll Warbler, 344 + Black Rail, 322 + Black Tern, 328 + Black-throated Blue Warbler, 343 + Black-throated Gray Warbler, 344 + Black-throated Green Warbler, 344 + Black-throated Sparrow, 352 + Black Vulture, 318 + Blue Goose, 314 + Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 340 + Blue Grosbeak, 348 + Blue Jay, 336 + Blue-winged Teal, 315 + Blue-winged Warbler, 342 + Bobolink, 346 + Bob-white, 321 + Bohemian Waxwing, 340 + Bonaparte Gull, 328 + Brant, 314 + Brewer Blackbird, 347 + Brewer Sparrow, 352 + Broad-winged Hawk, 319 + Bronzed Grackle, 348 + Brown Creeper, 337 + Brown Pelican, 311 + Brown Thrasher, 338 + Buff-breasted Sandpiper, 326 + Buffle-head, 316 + Bullock Oriole, 347 + buntings, 348-354 + Burrowing Owl, 330 + + California Gull, 327 + Calliope Hummingbird, 331 + Canada Goose, 313 + Canada Warbler, 346 + Canvas-back, 316 + Cape May Warbler, 343 + Cardinal, 348 + Carolina Chickadee, 337 + Carolina Paroquet, 329 + Carolina Wren, 338 + Caspian Tern, 328 + Cassin Kingbird, 333 + Cassin Sparrow, 351 + Catbird, 338 + Cedar Waxwing, 340 + Cerulean Warbler, 344 + Chestnut-backed Bluebird, 339 + Chestnut-collared Longspur, 354 + Chestnut-sided Warbler, 344 + chickadees, 337 + Chimney Swift, 331 + Chipping Sparrow, 352 + Chuck-will's-widow, 331 + Cinnamon Teal, 315 + Clark Nutcracker, 337 + Clay-colored Sparrow, 352 + Cliff Swallow, 335 + Common Loon, 310 + Common Scoter, 317 + Common Tern, 328 + Cooper Hawk, 318 + cormorants, 311 + corvids, 336-337 + Cowbird, 348 + cranes, 321 + Crested Flycatcher, 333 + crossbills, 350 + Crow, 336 + cuckoos, 329-330 + + Dickcissel, 349 + Double-crested Cormorant, 311 + doves, 328-329 + Downy Woodpecker, 333 + Duck Hawk, 320 + ducks, 314-317 + + eagles, 319 + Eared Grebe, 310 + Eastern Bluebird, 339 + Eastern Goldfinch, 350 + Eastern Kingbird, 333 + Eastern Meadowlark, 346 + Eastern Phoebe, 334 + Eastern Wood Pewee, 335 + Eider, 316 + English Sparrow, 346 + Eskimo Curlew, 324 + European Widgeon, 315 + Evening Grosbeak, 349 + + falcons, 320 + Ferruginous Rough-leg, 319 + Field Sparrow, 352 + finches, 348-354 + Flamingo, 313 + Florida Gallinule, 322 + flycatchers, 333-335 + Forster Tern, 328 + Fox Sparrow, 353 + Franklin Gull, 327 + Fulvous Tree-duck, 314 + + Gadwall, 315 + geese, 313-314 + Glaucous Gull, 327 + goatsuckers, 331 + Golden-crowned Kinglet, 340 + Golden Eagle, 319 + Golden-eye, 316 + Golden Plover, 323 + Golden-winged Warbler, 342 + Goshawk, 318 + Grasshopper Sparrow, 350 + Gray-cheeked Thrush, 339 + Great Blue Heron, 311 + Greater Prairie Chicken, 320 + Greater Scaup Duck, 316 + Greater Yellow-legs, 325 + grebes, 310 + Green Heron, 312 + Green-tailed Towhee, 350 + Green-winged Teal, 315 + Groove-billed Ani, 330 + grosbeaks, 348-349 + Ground Dove, 329 + grouse, 320-321 + gulls, 327-328 + Gyrfalcon, 320 + + Hairy Woodpecker, 333 + Harris Hawk, 319 + Harris Sparrow, 353 + Hawk Owl, 330 + hawks, 318-320 + Henslow Sparrow, 351 + Hermit Thrush, 339 + herons, 311-312 + Herring Gull, 327 + Hooded Merganser, 317 + Hooded Oriole, 347 + Hooded Warbler, 346 + Horned Grebe, 310 + Horned Lark, 335 + Horned Owl, 330 + House Finch, 349 + House Wren, 337 + Hudsonian Curlew, 324 + Hudsonian Godwit, 326 + hummingbirds, 331 + + ibises, 312-313 + Inca Dove, 329 + Indigo Bunting, 349 + + jaegers, 327 + jays, 336-337 + juncos, 352 + + Kentucky Warbler, 345 + Killdeer, 323 + King Eider, 316 + kingfisher, 331 + kinglets, 340 + King Rail, 321 + kites, 318 + Kittiwake, 328 + + Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 333 + Lapland Longspur, 353 + lark, 335 + Lark Bunting, 350 + Lark Sparrow, 351 + Laughing Gull, 327 + Lazuli Bunting, 349 + Least Bittern, 312 + Least Flycatcher, 334 + Least Sandpiper, 325 + Least Tern, 328 + Leconte Sparrow, 351 + Lesser Prairie Chicken, 320 + Lesser Scaup Duck, 316 + Lesser Yellow-legs, 325 + Lewis Woodpecker, 332 + Lincoln Sparrow, 353 + Little Blue Heron, 312 + Loggerhead Shrike, 341 + Long-billed Curlew, 324 + Long-billed Dowitcher, 325 + Long-billed Marsh Wren, 338 + Long-eared Owl, 330 + longspurs, 353-354 + Long-tailed Jaeger, 327 + loons, 310 + Louisiana Heron, 312 + Louisiana Water-thrush, 345 + + Macgillivray Warbler, 345 + Magnolia Warbler, 343 + magpie, 336 + Mallard, 314 + Man-o'-war-bird, 311 + Marbled Godwit, 326 + Marsh Hawk, 320 + McCown Longspur, 353 + meadowlarks, 346-347 + Mexican Cormorant, 311 + Mississippi Kite, 318 + Mockingbird, 338 + Mottled Duck, 314 + Mountain Bluebird, 340 + Mountain Plover, 323 + Mourning Dove, 329 + Mourning Warbler, 345 + Myrtle Warbler, 343 + + Nashville Warbler, 343 + Nighthawk, 331 + Northern Phalarope, 327 + Northern Shrike, 341 + Northern Water-thrush, 345 + nuthatches, 337 + + Old-squaw, 316 + Olive-backed Thrush, 339 + Olive-sided Flycatcher, 335 + Orange-crowned Warbler, 343 + Orchard Oriole, 347 + Oregon Junco, 352 + orioles, 347 + Osprey, 320 + Oven-bird, 345 + owls, 330-331 + + Painted Bunting, 349 + Palm Warbler, 345 + Parula Warbler, 343 + Passenger Pigeon, 329 + Pectoral Sandpiper, 325 + pelicans, 311 + phalaropes, 326-327 + Philadelphia Vireo, 342 + Pied-billed Grebe, 310 + Pigeon Hawk, 320 + pigeons, 328-329 + Pileated Woodpecker, 332 + Pine Grosbeak, 349 + Pine Siskin, 349 + Pine Warbler, 344 + Pine-woods Sparrow, 351 + Piñon Jay, 337 + Pintail, 315 + Piping Plover, 323 + pipits, 340 + plovers, 323 + Pomarine Jaeger, 327 + Poor-will, 331 + Prairie Falcon, 320 + Prairie Warbler, 344 + Prothonotary Warbler, 342 + Purple Finch, 349 + Purple Gallinule, 322 + Purple Martin, 336 + + quail, 321 + + rails, 321-322 + ravens, 336 + Red-backed Sandpiper, 325 + Red-bellied Woodpecker, 332 + Red-breasted Merganser, 317 + Red-breasted Nuthatch, 337 + Red Crossbill, 350 + Red-eyed Towhee, 350 + Red-eyed Vireo, 342 + Redhead, 315 + Red-headed Woodpecker, 332 + Red-necked Grebe, 310 + Red Phalarope, 326 + Redpoll, 349 + Red-shafted Flicker, 332 + Red-shouldered Hawk, 318 + Red-tailed Hawk, 318 + Red-throated Loon, 310 + Red-wing, 347 + Ring-billed Gull, 327 + Ring-necked Duck, 316 + Ring-necked Pheasant, 321 + Road-runner, 329 + Robin, 339 + Rock Dove, 328 + Rock Wren, 338 + Roseate Spoonbill, 313 + Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 348 + Ross Goose, 314 + Rough-legged Hawk, 319 + Rough-winged Swallow, 335 + Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 340 + Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 331 + Ruddy Duck, 317 + Ruddy Turnstone, 323 + Ruffed Grouse, 320 + Rufous-crowned Sparrow, 351 + Rusty Blackbird, 347 + + Sabine Gull, 328 + Sage Thrasher, 338 + Sanderling, 326 + Sandhill Crane, 321 + sandpipers, 323-326 + Savannah Sparrow, 350 + Saw-whet Owl, 330 + Say Phoebe, 334 + Scaled Quail, 321 + Scarlet Tanager, 348 + Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, 333 + Screech Owl, 330 + Scrub Jay, 336 + Semipalmated Plover, 323 + Semipalmated Sandpiper, 325 + Sharp-shinned Hawk, 318 + Sharp-tailed Grouse, 321 + Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 351 + Short-billed Dowitcher, 325 + Short-billed Marsh Wren, 338 + Short-eared Owl, 330 + shrikes, 341 + Shoveller, 315 + Slate-colored Junco, 352 + Smith Longspur, 353 + Snow Bunting, 354 + Snow Goose, 314 + Snowy Egret, 311 + Snowy Owl, 330 + Snowy Plover, 323 + Solitary Sandpiper, 324 + Solitary Vireo, 341 + Song Sparrow, 353 + Sora, 322 + Sparrow Hawk, 320 + sparrows, 348-354 + Spotted Sandpiper, 324 + Sprague Pipit, 340 + Starling, 341 + Steller Jay, 336 + Stilt Sandpiper, 325 + Summer Tanager, 348 + Surf Scoter, 317 + Swainson Hawk, 319 + swallows, 335-336 + Swallow-tailed Kite, 318 + Swamp Sparrow, 353 + swans, 313 + swift, 331 + Sycamore Warbler, 344 + + tanagers, 348 + Tennessee Warbler, 342 + terns, 328 + thrashers, 338 + thrushes, 339-340 + towhees, 350 + Townsend Solitaire, 340 + Townsend Warbler, 344 + Tree Sparrow, 352 + Tree Swallow, 335 + Trumpeter Swan, 313 + Tufted Titmouse, 337 + Turkey, 321 + Turkey Vulture, 317 + + Upland Plover, 324 + + Varied Thrush, 339 + Veery, 339 + Vesper Sparrow, 351 + Violet-green Swallow, 335 + vireos, 341-342 + Virginia Rail, 322 + Virginia Warbler, 343 + vultures, 317-318 + + warblers, 342-346 + Warbling Vireo, 342 + Water Pipit, 340 + Water-turkey, 311 + waxwings, 340 + Western Flycatcher, 334 + Western Grebe, 310 + Western Kingbird, 333 + Western Meadowlark, 347 + Western Sandpiper, 326 + Western Tanager, 348 + Western Wood Pewee, 335 + Whip-poor-will, 331 + Whistling Swan, 313 + White-breasted Nuthatch, 337 + White-crowned Sparrow, 353 + White-eyed Vireo, 341 + White-faced Glossy Ibis, 313 + White-fronted Goose, 314 + White-necked Raven, 336 + White Pelican, 311 + White-rumped Sandpiper, 325 + White-throated Sparrow, 353 + White-winged Crossbill, 350 + White-winged Junco, 352 + White-winged Scoter, 317 + Whooping Crane, 321 + Willet, 324 + Williamson Sapsucker, 333 + Wilson Phalarope, 326 + Wilson Snipe, 324 + Wilson Warbler, 346 + Winter Wren, 337 + Wood Duck, 315 + Wood Ibis, 312 + woodpeckers, 331-333 + Wood Thrush, 339 + Worm-eating Warbler, 342 + wrens, 337-338 + Wright Flycatcher, 334 + + Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, 334 + Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 332 + Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 329 + Yellow-breasted Chat, 346 + Yellow-crowned Night Heron, 312 + Yellow-headed Blackbird, 347 + Yellow Rail, 322 + Yellow-shafted Flicker, 331 + Yellow-throat, 345 + Yellow-throated Vireo, 341 + Yellow Warbler, 343 + + + + + [Illustration: FIG. 1. Map of Kansas showing names of counties.] + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain +this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas +Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a +particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the +Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There +is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library which +meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which +meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request +copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate +number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying +the costs of wrapping and mailing. + + * An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply + (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, + in this series, are as follows: + + Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. + + Index. Pp. 605-638. + + *Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. + Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. + + Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and + distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures + in text. June 12, 1951. + + *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. + By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. + June 29, 1951. + + 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale + Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. + October 10, 1951. + + 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. + Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, + 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. + + Index. Pp. 651-681. + + *Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, + 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. + + Vol. 5. 1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels + Peak area, New Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 1-11, + 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951. + + 2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951. + + 3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado. + By E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32. + February 28, 1951. + + 4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier + beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. + Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951. + + 5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith + R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. October 1, 1951. + + 6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and + Colorado. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in text. + October 1, 1951. + + 7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and + comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond Hall + and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 73-79. October 1, 1951. + + 8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern + Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951. + + 9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H. + Baker. Pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text. November 28, 1951. + + *10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E. Raymond + Hall. Pp. 119-202. 68 figures in text. December 15, 1951. + + 11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas. By E. + Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951. + + 12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 207-218. December 15, 1951. + + 13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and + Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222. December 15, + 1951. + + 14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall. + Pp. 223-226. December 15, 1951. + + 15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeëssa. + By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952. + + 16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R. + Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April 10, 1952. + + 17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, + Sciurus aureogaster. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250, + 1 figure in text. April 10, 1952. + + 18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with + description of new subspecies. By Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952. + + 19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills. + By John A. White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952. + + 20. A new piñon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico. + By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267. May 23, 1952. + + 21. An annotated checklist of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L. Webb + and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952. + + 22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus + Clethrionomys) of the southern Rocky Mountain region. + By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. + Pp. 281-292, 1 figure in text. November 15, 1952. + + 23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + North American microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and E. + Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. November 17, 1952. + + 24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths. + By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-317. + November 21, 1952. + + 25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American marsupials, insectivores, and + carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. + Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952. + + 26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith + R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. December 15, 1952. + + 27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents. By E. + Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498, + 149 figures in text. January 15, 1953. + + 28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text. + June 1, 1953. + + 29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus + fasciatus. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures + in text. August 1, 1953. + + 30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from + Colorado. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, + 2 figures in text. August 15, 1953. + + 31. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys from + Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 535-542. + October 15, 1953. + + 32. Genera and subgenera of chipmunks. By John A. White. + Pp. 543-561, 12 figures in text. December 1, 1953. + + 33. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and + Eutamias umbrinus. By John A. White. Pp. 563-582, + 6 figures in text. December 1, 1953. + + 34. Geographic distribution and taxonomy of the chipmunks of + Wyoming. By John A. White. Pp. 584-610, 3 figures in text. + December 1, 1953. + + 35. The baculum of the chipmunks of western North America. By + John A. White. Pp. 611-631, 19 figures in text. + December 1, 1953. + + 36. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. By James S. Findley. Pp. 633-639. December 1, + 1953. + + 37. Seventeen species of bats recorded from Barro Colorado + Island, Panama Canal Zone. By E. Raymond Hall and William + B. Jackson. Pp. 641-646. December 1, 1953. + + Index. Pp. 647-676. + + *Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. + By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, + 30 tables. August 10, 1952. + + Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, + 73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952. + + 2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern + Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. + Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953. + + 3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. + February 15, 1954. + + 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. + Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. + April 21, 1954. + + 5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker + and James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954. + + 6. Distribution of some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox + Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954. + + 7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse, Microtus + montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. + Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954. + + 8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern + California and Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 507-512. + July 23, 1954. + + 9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. + By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, + 12 tables. November 15, 1954. + + 10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954. + + 11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. + By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954. + + 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys + castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and + Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955. + + 13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. April 8, 1955. + + 14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. + By James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955. + + 15. Distribution and systematic position of the pigmy woodrat, + Neotoma goldmani. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 619-624, 2 figs. in text. June 10, 1955. + + Index. Pp. 625-651. + + Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink, Eumeces + fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 2 pls., 26 figs. + in text, 17 tables. September 1, 1954. + + 2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a + taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211, + 23 figures in text, 4 tables. November 15, 1954. + + 3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus + collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne + olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B. Tordoff. + Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956. + + More numbers will appear in volume 8. + + Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. + Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. + + 2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals + from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and + Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. + + 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. + Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955. + + More numbers will appear in volume 9. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Check-list of the Birds of Kansas, by +Harrison B Tordoff + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + +***** This file should be named 34429-8.txt or 34429-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/4/2/34429/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Tordoff. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{font-size: 0.9em;} + .cblockquot{margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .hr30 {width:30%;} + .cover {background: #d0d0d0;} + .caption1 {font-weight: bold; font-size:2.00em; text-align: center;} + .caption2 {font-weight: bold; font-size:1.50em; text-align: center;} + .caption3 {font-weight: bold; font-size:1.15em; text-align: center;} + .caption4 {font-weight: bold; font-size:0.75em; text-align: center;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +Project Gutenberg's Check-list of the Birds of Kansas, by Harrison B Tordoff + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Check-list of the Birds of Kansas + +Author: Harrison B Tordoff + +Release Date: November 24, 2010 [EBook #34429] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Cover" id="Cover">[Cover]</a></span></p> +<div class="cover"> +<p> </p> +<img src="images/bar_double.png" width="100%" height="15" border="0" alt="double bar"> +<div class="caption2"><div class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br> +Museum of Natural History</div></div> +<hr class="hr30"><br> +<div class="caption2">Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text</div><br> +<div class="center"><img src="images/bar_single.png" width="28%" height="15" title="bar" alt="bar"> <span class="caption2">March 10, 1956</span> <img src="images/bar_single.png" width="28%" height="15" title="bar" alt="bar"></div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption1"> +Check-list of the Birds of Kansas<br> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3"> +BY<br> +<p> </p> +HARRISON B. TORDOFF<br> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption2"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br> +<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br> +1956 +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + + + + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[Pg 307]</a></span></p> +<p> </p> +<img src="images/bar_double.png" width="100%" height="15" border="0" alt="double bar"> +<div class="caption2"><div class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br> +Museum of Natural History</div></div> +<hr class="hr30"><br> +<div class="caption2">Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text</div><br> +<div class="center"><img src="images/bar_single.png" width="28%" height="15" title="bar" alt="bar"> <span class="caption2">March 10, 1956</span> <img src="images/bar_single.png" width="28%" height="15" title="bar" alt="bar"></div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption1"> +Check-list of the Birds of Kansas<br> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption3"> +BY<br> +<p> </p> +HARRISON B. TORDOFF<br> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<div class="caption2"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br> +<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span><br> +1956 +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr style="width: 100%;"> + + + + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[Pg 308]</a></span></p> +<div class="center"> +<div class="caption3"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br> +<br> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br> +Robert W. Wilson<br> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure<br> +<br> +Published March 10, 1956<br> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br> +Lawrence, Kansas<br> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<div class="caption4"> +PRINTED BY<br> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br> +1956<br> +<br> +25-9006<br> +</div> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p> </p> + + + + + + + + + + +<hr style="width: 100%;"> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[Pg 309]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS</h2> + +<h4>By</h4> + +<h3>Harrison B. Tordoff</h3> + + +<p>Kansas was one of the first states for which a detailed book on +birds was published (N. S. Goss, "History of the Birds of Kansas," +Topeka, Kansas, 1891). Ornithological progress in Kansas in recent +years, however, has not kept pace with work in many other states. +As a result, knowledge of the birds of Kansas today is not sufficiently +detailed to make possible a modern, definitive report. One purpose +of this check-list is to show gaps in our information on birds of the +state. Each student of birds can contribute importantly by keeping +accurate records of nesting, distribution, and migration of any species +in Kansas and by making these records available through publication +in appropriate journals. The Museum of Natural History +at the University of Kansas solicits records and specimens which +contribute to our knowledge of birds in Kansas. Files and collections +at the Museum are available to any qualified person for study.</p> + +<p>The last state-wide list of birds was prepared by W. S. Long +(Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 43, 1940:433-456). This list and the unpublished +thesis from which the list was abstracted have been of +great value in preparing the present report. Many other persons +have contributed and among these the names of the following must +be mentioned because of the value of their contributions: Ivan L. +Boyd, L. B. Carson, Arthur L. Goodrich, Jr., Richard Graber, Jean +Graber, Harold C. Hedges, R. F. Miller, John M. Porter, and Marvin +D. Schwilling.</p> + +<p>Full standing in this check-list has been given only to species for +which at least one specimen from Kansas has been examined by +some qualified student. Exceptions to this admittedly arbitrary +rule have been made in three cases, Trumpeter Swan, Turkey, and +Carolina Paroquet, because there is no reason to doubt that each of +these three species once occurred in Kansas and because opportunity +for obtaining specimens from Kansas has been lost through disappearance +of the species from the state. Other species reported from +the state but not authenticated by specimens have been relegated to +the Hypothetical List and their names and my remarks concerning +these birds are enclosed in brackets. This procedure is intended to +encourage collection of such species; it is not intended necessarily +to indicate doubt of a record. In the case of a carefully identified<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[Pg 310]</a></span> +but uncollected accidental, opportunity for obtaining a specimen +may not exist again for a long period. This is unfortunate but emphasizes +the need for judicious collecting.</p> + +<p>A total of 375 species (or 459 species and subspecies), of which +four are introduced, is included in this check-list. Additionally, 15 +species are discussed in the Hypothetical List. An asterisk (*) +preceding an account indicates positive evidence of breeding in +Kansas of the species so marked. The total of species known to have +bred at least once in the state is 173. Nomenclature in this list +follows the American Ornithologists' Union "Check-List of North +American Birds" (1931, 4th edition) and its supplements. Species +on the Hypothetical List are included in their current taxonomic +position in the main list.</p> + +<p><i>Gavia immer</i> (Brünnich). Common Loon. Uncommon transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Gavia stellata</i> (Pontoppidan). Red-throated Loon. Rare transient. +One specimen: female (Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. 65778), +Marais des Cygnes River, near Ottawa, Franklin County, October +20, 1925, Captain Joe R. White. Several sight records from Shawnee +and Johnson counties within past 10 years.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Colymbus grisegena.</i> Red-necked Grebe. Rare transient. One +specimen: female (KU 7697), Kansas River east of Lawrence, +Douglas County, October 29, 1910, Logan I. Evans.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. g. holböllii</i> (Reinhardt).</p></div> + +<p><i>Colymbus auritus.</i> Horned Grebe. Rare transient. Two authentic +specimens: Manhattan, Riley County, September 30, 1878; male +(KU 27465), 2½ miles north of Lawrence, Douglas County, November +16, 1945, E. C. Olson and Ralph L. Montell. Several sight records, +from eastern, central, and western Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. cornutus</i> Gmelin.</p></div> + +<p><i>Colymbus caspicus.</i> Eared Grebe. Regular transient throughout +state; more common than Horned Grebe.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. californicus</i> (Heermann).</p></div> + +<p><i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i> (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Rare +transient, perhaps more common in west but status poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Podilymbus podiceps.</i> Pied-billed Grebe. Common transient +and irregular summer resident, rare winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. p. podiceps</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[Pg 311]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos</i> Gmelin. White Pelican. Common +transient throughout state. Occasional individuals, probably sick or +wounded, remain beyond normal migration periods in spring and +fall.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Pelecanus occidentalis.</i> Brown Pelican. Accidental. One specimen: +adult, sex not determined (KU 10468), Parker, Linn County, +June, 1916, found dead by G. G. McConnell. One seen at Wichita, +Sedgwick County, by R. H. Sullivan, April 25, 1910.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. o. carolinensis</i> Gmelin.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Phalacrocorax auritus.</i> Double-crested Cormorant. Regular transient, +in small to moderate numbers. One nesting record: several +nests, eggs, and small young seen, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton +County, August, 1951, Otto Tiemeier.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. a. auritus</i> (Lesson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Phalacrocorax olivaceus.</i> Mexican Cormorant. Accidental. One +record: specimen taken 4 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, +April 2, 1872. Present location unknown but specimen identified by +S. F. Baird and R. Ridgway.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. o. mexicanus</i> (Brandt).</p></div> + +<p><i>Anhinga anhinga.</i> Water-turkey. Accidental. Several specimens +and sight observations are on record but most are prior to +1900. Several records and one specimen at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton +County, since 1928 (Frank Robl). In recent years, some reported +Water-turkeys have proved to be cormorants.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. a. leucogaster</i> (Vieillot).</p></div> + +<p><i>Fregata magnificens.</i> Man-o'-war-bird. Accidental. One record: +specimen (present location unknown) taken on the North Fork of +the Solomon River, Osborne County, August 16, 1880, by Frank +Lewis.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. m. rothschildi</i> Mathews.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Ardea herodias.</i> Great Blue Heron. Common transient and +summer resident nesting in widely scattered colonies.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: three reported, <i>A. h. herodias</i> Linnaeus in northeast, +<i>A. h. wardi</i> Ridgway in southeast, and <i>A. h. treganzai</i> Court in west, but status +of these poorly known because of lack of sufficient breeding specimens.</p></div> + +<p><i>Casmerodius albus.</i> American Egret. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; occasional spring and summer resident. No definite +nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. egretta</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Leucophoyx thula.</i> Snowy Egret. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[Pg 312]</a></span> +One nesting record: two nests found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north +and 4½ miles west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. +Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. t. thula</i> (Molina).</p></div> + +<p><i>Hydranassa tricolor.</i> Louisiana Heron. Accidental. Two records: +specimen taken at Lake Inman, McPherson County, August 9, +1934, by R. E. Mohler and Richard H. Schmidt; one seen, 1½ miles +south of Iatan Marsh, Atchison County (near Iatan, Missouri), +September 12, 1948, first reported by R. F. Miller and Mr. and Mrs. +Ivan L. Boyd, seen by several other observers.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. t. ruficollis</i> (Gosse).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Florida caerulea.</i> Little Blue Heron. Regular postbreeding +summer visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in +spring. Usually more common than Snowy Egret. One nesting +record: one nest found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4½ miles +west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. c. caerulea</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Butorides virescens.</i> Green Heron. Common transient and +summer resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. v. virescens</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Nycticorax nycticorax.</i> Black-crowned Night Heron. Transient +and summer resident, breeding in scattered colonies.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>N. n. hoactli</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Nyctanassa violacea.</i> Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Summer +resident throughout state, rare in north; numbers perhaps augmented +in late summer by postbreeding stragglers.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>N. v. violacea</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Botaurus lentiginosus</i> (Rackett). American Bittern. Common +transient; summer resident locally. Two definite nesting records: +nest with 4 newly hatched young (male collected, KU 30468), ½ mile +east and 2 miles south of Welda, Anderson County, June 9, 1951, +Maurice F. Baker; nest with eggs, 6 miles north and 3½ miles west +of Kalvesta, Finney County, summer, 1952, Raymond Erkic (<i>fide</i> +Marvin D. Schwilling).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Ixobrychus exilis.</i> Least Bittern. Transient and irregular summer +resident. Two nests found at Lake Quivira, Johnson County, +June 3, 1949, Harold C. Hedges; on June 28, one of the nests contained +4 eggs, on July 10 this nest was empty. No other definite +nesting records.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>I. e. exilis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + + +<p><i>Mycteria americana</i> Linnaeus. Wood Ibis. Accidental. Several<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[Pg 313]</a></span> +sight records and one specimen: male (KU 9489), 5 miles north-*east +of Goodland, Sherman County, October 4, 1913, Willis Feaster.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Plegadis mexicana</i> (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Irregular +transient and summer visitant; more common in west. One +definite nesting record: photograph of downy young ("Kansas Fish +and Game," vol. 9, no. 3, Jan. 1952, p. 7) taken at Cheyenne Bottoms, +Barton County, presumably in summer of 1951, by L. O. Nossaman. +Frank Robl has seen individuals in summer in Cheyenne Bottoms on +many occasions. Reports of Eastern Glossy Ibis (<i>Plegadis falcinellus</i>) +in Kansas probably are based on dark-faced immatures of the +present species, although the eastern species has been taken in +Oklahoma.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Ajaia ajaja</i> (Linnaeus). Roseate Spoonbill. Accidental. One +authentic specimen (present location not known): male, near +Douglass, on Four-Mile Creek, Butler County, March 20, 1899, taken +by Dr. R. Matthews, identification verified by Jerold Volk and +Wilfred Goodman.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Phoenicopterus ruber</i> Linnaeus. Flamingo. Accidental. Two +birds seen in autumn, 1928, at Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, +one of which was killed on opening day of duck season and now +(1955) is mounted at Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission +headquarters at Pratt.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Olor columbianus</i> (Ord). Whistling Swan. Transient and winter +resident, formerly common, now rare. Many specimens are on +record; at least four were taken in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Olor buccinator</i> (Richardson). Trumpeter Swan. Formerly occasional +migrant, no longer occurs in Kansas. All specimens from +Kansas alleged to be of this species are actually Whistling Swans. +The early sight records seem valid, however, and the species should +remain on the state list.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Branta canadensis.</i> Canada Goose. Common transient; some +winter in suitable places. This species was found nesting along the +Missouri River near Atchison by early explorers. Modern breeding +records probably pertain to captives or their descendants.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. c. moffitti</i> Aldrich, <i>B. c. leucopareia</i> (Brandt), +<i>B. c. minima</i> Ridgway, and <i>B. c. hutchinsi</i> (Richardson) have been collected in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[Pg 314]</a></span> +Kansas. Additionally, subspecies <i>interior</i> Todd and <i>parvipes</i> (Cassin) probably +pass through the state but no specimens have been saved. Canada Geese of +widely varying size are regularly seen in migration.</p></div> + +<p><i>Branta bernicla.</i> Brant. Accidental. Several sight records and +one specimen: unsexed bird (KU 7490), Leavenworth County, November +15, 1879, A. Lange. Some hunters refer to immature Blue +Geese as "brant." Orville O. Rice saw 4 brant 2 miles north of Burlington, +near the Neosho River, Coffey County, March 24, 1955, that +appeared to be Black Brant, <i>Branta nigricans</i> (Lawrence).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. b. hrota</i> (Müller).</p></div> + +<p><i>Anser albifrons.</i> White-fronted Goose. Regular transient throughout +state, more common in central and western parts.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. a. frontalis</i> Baird.</p></div> + +<p><i>Chen hyperborea.</i> Snow Goose. Common transient throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. h. hyperborea</i> (Pallas).</p></div> + +<p><i>Chen caerulescens</i> (Linnaeus). Blue Goose. Common transient +in east, less common in central and western parts of state. In east, +this species predominates in early spring migration whereas the +Snow Goose is most numerous later. Hybrids between the two are +regularly seen.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Chen rossii</i> (Cassin). Ross Goose. One reported at Wyandotte +County Lake, November 22, 1951, by John Bishop. Placed in Hypothetical +List in absence of a specimen.]</p> + +<p><i>Dendrocygna bicolor.</i> Fulvous Tree-duck. Accidental. Frank +Robl carefully examined and identified three specimens killed in +1929 or 1930, in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. None saved. +Specimens collected also in nearby areas of Missouri.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. b. helva</i> Wetmore and Peters, on geographical +grounds.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Anas platyrhynchos.</i> Mallard. Abundant transient, regular winter +resident, irregular and local summer resident. Modern breeding +distribution poorly known but several nests found in widely scattered +areas in past years. Nests regularly in Kearny, Finney, and Barton +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. p. platyrhynchos</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p><i>Anas rubripes</i> Brewster. Black Duck. Regular but rare or uncommon +transient and winter resident in east and central (Cheyenne +Bottoms, Barton County) sections.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Anas fulvigula.</i> Mottled Duck. Accidental. Four specimens<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[Pg 315]</a></span> +allegedly of this species have been reported. Of these, two are +actually Mallards, one is a Gadwall, and one, female, Neosho Falls, +Woodson County, March 11, 1876, Goss, is a Mottled Duck.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. f. maculosa</i> Sennett.</p></div> + +<p><i>Anas strepera</i> Linnaeus. Gadwall. Transient and occasional +winter resident throughout state. Rare summer resident but no satisfactory +nesting record reported.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Anas acuta</i> Linnaeus. Pintail. Abundant transient throughout +state, irregular winter resident, local summer resident nesting in +recent years in Barton, Finney, Meade, and Leavenworth counties, +but summer distribution poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Anas carolinensis</i> Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common transient, +rare winter resident (records from Meade County and Kansas +City).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Anas discors</i> Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Common transient, +locally common summer resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Anas cyanoptera.</i> Cinnamon Teal. Rare transient in east, uncommon +or fairly common transient in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. c. septentrionalis</i> Snyder and Lumsden.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spatula clypeata</i> (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common transient +throughout state. Frank Robl found a female with young in Cheyenne +Bottoms, Barton County, in approximately 1930. Nest with +eggs found 1½ miles south of Friend, Finney County, in spring, 1952, +Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Mareca penelope</i> (Linnaeus). European Widgeon. Carl and +David Holmes reported a pair at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, +April 16, 1954. Placed on Hypothetical List until a specimen is +taken.]</p> + +<p><i>Mareca americana</i> (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common transient +throughout state, rare winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Aix sponsa</i> (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Transient, rare in west +to locally common in extreme east. Summer resident in eastern part +of state; breeding distribution poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Aythya americana</i> (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common tran<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[Pg 316]</a></span>sient +and occasional winter resident throughout state. Frank Robl +found a nesting pair in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in 1928 +(approximate). The adults were neither captives nor cripples.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Aythya collaris</i> (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Fairly common +transient throughout state, rare winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Aythya valisineria</i> (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common transient +and occasional winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Aythya marila.</i> Greater Scaup Duck. Rare transient, status +poorly known. Several sight records, one in winter. Floyd T. +Amsden, a competent sportsman and amateur ornithologist of +Wichita, identified 3 male specimens killed 3 miles north and 1 mile +east of Sharon, Barber County, on October 27 (2) and November 3 +(1), 1951. Frank Robl has seen specimens killed in Cheyenne +Bottoms, Barton County. Every effort should be made to preserve +specimens from Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. m. nearctica</i> Stejneger, on geographical grounds.</p></div> + +<p><i>Aythya affinis</i> (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common transient +throughout state. A few records of wintering and summering (non-*breeding) +individuals.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Bucephala clangula.</i> Golden-eye. Uncommon transient and winter +resident. Specimens from Kansas alleged to be the Barrow +Golden-eye (<i>Bucephala islandica</i>) all are of the present species.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. c. americana</i> (Bonaparte).</p></div> + +<p><i>Bucephala albeola</i> (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Fairly common +transient and occasional winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Clangula hyemalis</i> (Linnaeus). Old-squaw. Rare transient and +winter visitant. At least five specimens taken (but only two or +three preserved) and numerous sight records, from widely separated +parts of state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Somateria mollissima.</i> Eider. Accidental. One record: immature +male (KU 3620), Kansas River near Lecompton, Douglas +County, November 3, 1891, A. L. Wiedman.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. m. v. nigra</i> Bonaparte (identification checked by +A. Wetmore).</p></div> + +<p><i>Somateria spectabilis</i> (Linnaeus). King Eider. Accidental. One<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[Pg 317]</a></span> +record: immature male (KU 27487), Kansas River 1 mile east of +Lawrence, Douglas County, November 27, 1947, R. L. Montell.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Melanitta deglandi.</i> White-winged Scoter. Rare transient. Nine +specimens from Douglas and Leavenworth counties, taken from +1927 to 1938; several sight records from eastern Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. d. deglandi</i> (Bonaparte).</p></div> + +<p><i>Melanitta perspicillata</i> (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rare transient. +Eight known specimens (three of which are now in University of +Kansas collection), all taken in autumn, seven in Douglas County, +one in Sedgwick County; several sight records from eastern Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Oidemia nigra.</i> Common Scoter. Accidental. The two preserved +specimens from Kansas supposedly of this species are actually Surf +Scoters. L. B. Carson, however, identified an adult male Common +Scoter killed by a hunter at Horton Lake, Brown County, in the +early 1930's. Others have been seen by reliable field observers. +Every effort should be made to secure specimens from Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>O. n. americana</i> Swainson, on geographical grounds.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Oxyura jamaicensis.</i> Ruddy Duck. Common transient throughout +state, rare winter resident. One breeding record: Frank Robl +saw an adult female with one small young at Cheyenne Bottoms, +Barton County, in approximately 1929.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>O. j. rubida</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Lophodytes cucullatus</i> (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Uncommon +transient and winter resident throughout state. Probably +nests occasionally (two specimens at KU taken in east in June), +but no proof of this available.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Mergus merganser.</i> American Merganser. Common transient +and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. m. americanus</i> Cassin.</p></div> + +<p><i>Mergus serrator.</i> Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon transient +throughout state; probably also rare winter resident but records +lacking. This species is more common than Hooded Merganser in +west, less common than Hooded in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. s. serrator</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Cathartes aura.</i> Turkey Vulture. Common transient throughout +state; common summer resident west at least to Clark County. +Breeding distribution in west poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. teter</i> Friedmann.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[Pg 318]</a></span> + +<p><i>Coragyps atratus</i> (Meyer). Black Vulture. Once occurred in +southeast, but no record since 1885. Goss quotes Dr. George Lisle +("a close observer") as finding this species common and breeding at +Chetopa, Labette County, on the Oklahoma line, prior to 1883. +Lisle found a nest with two eggs in 1858. Goss also reports one +killed by Watson at Ellis, Ellis County, on March 27, 1885, but the +location of the specimen is unknown. The species may still occur in +southeastern Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Elanoïdes forficatus.</i> Swallow-tailed Kite. Formerly summer +resident in at least eastern half of state. Last specimen from Kansas +taken by Dr. G. C. Rinker at Hamilton, Greenwood County, May 17, +1914.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. f. forficatus</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Ictinia misisippiensis</i> (Wilson). Mississippi Kite. Common summer +resident in south-central Kansas, east to Harvey, north to Barton, +and west to Kearny counties. Occasional records from Douglas +(nested once), Johnson, Greenwood, and Hamilton counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Accipiter gentilis.</i> Goshawk. Rare and irregular winter visitor +in east. Status in west unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. g. atricapillus</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Accipiter striatus.</i> Sharp-shinned Hawk. Transient and winter +resident throughout state; less common in east. Status in summer +poorly known; one nest found in Cloud County, July 11, 1938, J. M. +Porter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. s. velox</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Accipiter cooperii</i> (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Resident +throughout state but nesting records only from the eastern half, west +to Cloud County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Buteo jamaicensis.</i> Red-tailed Hawk. Abundant transient and +winter resident in east; in High Plains of west, largely restricted to +river bottoms in winter. Common summer resident in east; status in +summer in west poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. j. borealis</i> (Gmelin) is the breeding bird of eastern +Kansas. <i>B. j. calurus</i> Cassin probably nests in west but no specimens available. +<i>B. j. borealis</i>, <i>B. j. calurus</i>, <i>B. j. kriderii</i> Hoopes, and <i>B. j. harlani</i> (Audubon), +the latter considered here as conspecific with <i>jamaicensis</i>, all occur as transients +and winter residents. More specimens needed to establish details of distribution +of various subspecies.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Buteo lineatus.</i> Red-shouldered Hawk. Uncommon transient +and summer resident and irregular winter resident in eastern Kansas.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[Pg 319]</a></span> +Breeding records from Leavenworth and Woodson counties; doubtless +breeds in other eastern counties but definite evidence lacking.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. l. lineatus</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Buteo platypterus.</i> Broad-winged Hawk. Fairly common transient +and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding records +only from Douglas, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, where species +nests regularly.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. p. platypterus</i> (Vieillot).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Buteo swainsoni</i> Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Abundant transient +in west, fairly common in east. Nests commonly throughout +western two-thirds of state and at least occasionally in eastern portion. +Supposed winter records should be substantiated by specimens.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Buteo lagopus.</i> Rough-legged Hawk. Winter resident, fairly +common in east to common in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. l. s. johannis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Buteo regalis</i> (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Common transient +and winter resident in west, rare in east. Rare summer resident +in west. Two nesting records: nest with four young, south fork of +Smoky Hill River, near Wallace, May 27, 1883, Goss; nest with three +young, west of Russell Springs, Logan County, May 29, 1954, Marvin +D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Parabuteo unicinctus.</i> Harris Hawk. Accidental. Two records: +male, Wichita, Sedgwick County, December 14, 1918, LeRoy Snyder; +female (KU 10752), 7½ miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas +County, December 25, 1918, Fred Hastie.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. u. harrisi</i> (Audubon).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Aquila chrysaëtos.</i> Golden Eagle. Formerly common resident +throughout state. Now common in winter in west to rare in east. +One positive nesting record: a pair nested for several years (prior +to 1891) in southeastern Comanche County on a high gypsum ledge, +Goss.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. c. canadensis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p><i>Haliaeetus leucocephalus.</i> Bald Eagle. Rare transient and winter +resident in east; fairly common winter resident in west, where large +numbers may gather to roost.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. l. alascanus</i> Townsend. Previous students refer +all Bald Eagles from the state to <i>H. l. leucocephalus</i> (Linnaeus) but specimens +in the K. U. collection, all taken in winter, are large (three females, wing, 645, +655, 680 mm.) and are clearly of the northern subspecies.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[Pg 320]</a></span> + +<p><i>Circus cyaneus.</i> Marsh Hawk. Resident, common in winter, +less common and local in summer.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. hudsonius</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p><i>Pandion haliaetus.</i> Osprey. Occurs irregularly throughout state +but less frequently in west. Most records in spring and autumn but +a few at other seasons. No definite nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. h. carolinensis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p><i>Falco rusticolus.</i> Gyrfalcon. Accidental. One specimen: Manhattan, +Riley County, December 1, 1880, A. L. Runyan (specimen +at Kansas State College).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. r. obsoletus</i> Gmelin.</p></div> + +<p><i>Falco mexicanus</i> Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Rare summer and +fairly common winter resident in west; occasional transient and +winter resident in east. No satisfactory breeding records.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Falco peregrinus.</i> Duck Hawk. Rare transient and winter resident, +probably more common in west. Formerly nested but no +nesting record since before 1900.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. p. anatum</i> Bonaparte.</p></div> + +<p><i>Falco columbarius.</i> Pigeon Hawk. Uncommon transient and +rare winter resident in east; more common in migration in west but +status there in winter not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. c. columbarius</i> Linnaeus is most frequent in eastern +part, west to Reno County; <i>F. c. richardsonii</i> Ridgway is the common subspecies +in west, occasional in east; <i>F. c. bendirei</i> Swann is known in Kansas from one +specimen (KU 4425) from Ellis County, October, 1875, taken by Dr. L. Watson +(identified by James L. Peters).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Falco sparverius.</i> Sparrow Hawk. Common resident and transient +throughout state (but status in winter in northwest not known).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. s. sparverius</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p><i>Bonasa umbellus.</i> Ruffed Grouse. Formerly common resident in +eastern part; now probably extirpated in state but observers in extreme +east should watch for it. One authentic specimen (KU +31944), southeastern Kansas, between 1885 and 1910, Alexander J. +C. Roese. No definite nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. u. umbellus</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Tympanuchus cupido.</i> Greater Prairie Chicken. Resident, but +highly local; absent in southwestern quarter of state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. c. pinnatus</i> (Brewster).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus</i> (Ridgway). Lesser Prairie +Chicken. Resident, but local, in southwestern quarter of state, +north to Hamilton and Finney counties and east to Pawnee and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[Pg 321]</a></span> +Barber counties. A few old records east to Anderson and Neosho +counties in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Pedioecetes phasianellus.</i> Sharp-tailed Grouse. Formerly resident +in western part of state; scattered old records from eastern +localities. Now extirpated, or nearly so, in Kansas; observers in +northwestern counties should watch for it. No definite nesting +record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. p. jamesi</i> Lincoln.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Colinus virginianus.</i> Bob-white. Resident, common in east, less +common and local in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. v. virginianus</i> (Linnaeus) in east, intergrading +through central part with <i>C. v. taylori</i> Lincoln in west.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Callipepla squamata.</i> Scaled Quail. Locally common resident +in southwest, formerly north to Wallace County but now primarily +south of Arkansas River, eastern limit not known. Breeding records +from Hamilton, Kearny, Finney, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, and +Clark counties, Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. s. pallida</i> Brewster.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Phasianus colchicus</i> Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Introduced. +Common in western two-thirds, gradually invading east +where a few are now found in most counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Origin of North American stock obscure; no subspecies now recognized here.</p></div> + +<p><i>Meleagris gallopavo.</i> Turkey. Formerly common resident, west +along streams at least to Riley County; now extirpated in Kansas. +No known specimen from Kansas with authentic data. No definite +nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. g. silvestris</i> Vieillot.</p></div> + +<p><i>Grus americana</i> (Linnaeus). Whooping Crane. Regular transient, +now rare. Probably most individuals go through east-central +part of state. Several early specimens from state and several recent +sight records and one specimen: adult female (KU 31198), found +crippled 8½ miles south of Sharon, Barber County, October 31, 1952, +Thane S. Robinson.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Grus canadensis.</i> Sandhill Crane. Transient, rare in east, common +to abundant in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>G. c. canadensis</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>G. c. tabida</i> (Peters); +comparative status of the two subspecies not known.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Rallus elegans.</i> King Rail. Transient and summer resident, +locally common.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. e. elegans</i> Audubon.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[Pg 322]</a></span> + +<p><i>Rallus limicola.</i> Virginia Rail. Transient and summer resident, +but breeding status poorly known. One breeding record: adult +with six small, downy young, 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton +County, May 24, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. l. limicola</i> Vieillot.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Porzana carolina</i> (Linnaeus). Sora. Common transient throughout +state; status in summer poorly known. Two breeding records: +Osawatomie, Miami County, prior to 1914 (no other details), record +by Colvin, a careful observer; two nests, at least one with eggs, Finney +County State Lake, August 21, 1951, Marvin D. Schwilling. Additional +nesting records should be sought.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Coturnicops noveboracensis.</i> Yellow Rail. Rare or generally +overlooked transient. Records only from eastern part of state (west +to Sedgwick County).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. m. noveboracensis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Laterallus jamaicensis.</i> Black Rail. Rare or generally overlooked +summer resident. At least ten records, including at least +seven specimens from widely scattered localities. Two breeding +records: nest with eight eggs, Manhattan, Riley County, June, 1880, +C. P. Blachly; nest with nine eggs, near Garden City, Finney County, +June 6, 1889, H. W. Menke.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. j. jamaicensis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p><i>Porphyrula martinica</i> (Linnaeus). Purple Gallinule. Rare and +irregular summer visitant. Five specimens taken in April and June +in Douglas, Sedgwick, and Riley counties. Several sight records +from eastern Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Gallinula chloropus.</i> Florida Gallinule. Rare summer resident; +status poorly known. Two breeding records: nest found "on a +board," Coffey County, June (year not given), P. B. Peabody; nest +(female, KU 27509, and two eggs taken), 3 miles northeast of Lawrence, +Douglas County, May 22, 1945 (previously published as +1946), R. L. Montell.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>G. c. cachinnans</i> Bangs.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Fulica americana.</i> American Coot. Uncommon summer resident, +abundant transient, and local winter resident in east and central +parts; status in west poorly known. Breeding record: 3 newly +hatched young (KU 16694-6), Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, +June 13, 1927, H. C. Parker and W. H. Burt. The few other nesting +localities include one in Finney County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>F. a. americana</i> Gmelin.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[Pg 323]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Charadrius hiaticula.</i> Semipalmated Plover. Regular transient +throughout state, often fairly common.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. h. semipalmatus</i> Bonaparte.</p></div> + +<p><i>Charadrius melodus.</i> Piping Plover. Rare transient. Three specimens +from Douglas County, March and April, and a female (KU +15492) from Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, July 16, 1925, T. E. +White. Nests in Nebraska, south at least to Lincoln; observers in +north-central Kansas should watch for possible breeding birds.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. m. circumcinctus</i> (Ridgway).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Charadrius alexandrinus.</i> Snowy Plover. Summer resident on +salt plains of Clark, Comanche, Stafford, Barton, and probably other +counties. Breeding range in Kansas poorly known. One definite +nesting record: adults with young, and one nest with 3 eggs, Comanche +County, June 18, 1886, Goss. One female (KU 7787), from +Lawrence, Douglas County, April 22, 1909, L. L. Dyche.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. tenuirostris</i> (Lawrence).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Charadrius vociferus.</i> Killdeer. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state. Occasional winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. v. vociferus</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Eupoda montana</i> (Townsend). Mountain Plover. Summer resident +in High Plains of western Kansas, but current status poorly +known. Many specimens from west and one positive breeding record: +two half-grown, partly downy males (KU 5512, 5513), 5 miles +south of Tribune, Greeley County, June 21, 1911, Bunker and Rocklund.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Pluvialis dominica.</i> Golden Plover. Regular transient in east, +sometimes common; more common in spring than in autumn. Formerly +abundant; status in west not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. d. dominica</i> (Müller).</p></div> + +<p><i>Squatarola squatarola</i> (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Regular +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Arenaria interpres.</i> Ruddy Turnstone. Rare transient. Several +sight records from eastern part of state and two specimens: one +killed at Topeka, Shawnee County, August 16, 1898, F. W. Forbes +(location of specimen unknown); male, Hamilton, Greenwood +County, October 1, 1911, G. C. Rinker.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. i. morinella</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Philohela minor</i> (Gmelin). American Woodcock. Uncommon +transient west to Scott and Kearny counties. Probably does not +occur farther west. One early nesting record: adult with several<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[Pg 324]</a></span> +"at least one-fourth grown" young, near Neosho Falls, Woodson +County, May 25, 1874, Goss.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Capella gallinago.</i> Wilson Snipe. Common transient and occasional +winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. g. delicata</i> (Ord).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Numenius americanus.</i> Long-billed Curlew. Transient and uncommon +summer resident in west; occasional transient in east. Female +and two downy young (KU 11607, 8, 9) taken 1 mile from +Spring Creek, Morton County, June 27, 1927, W. H. Burt and L. V. +Compton.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>N. a. americanus</i> Bechstein is the breeding form; +<i>N. a. parvus</i> Bishop occurs in migration (specimens from Riley, Lyon, and +Douglas counties).</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Numenius phaeopus.</i> Hudsonian Curlew. Reported by Goss, +and one seen at Iatan Marsh, Atchison County, May 16, 1948, by +Harold C. Hedges, but here placed in Hypothetical List until a +specimen from Kansas is taken.]</p> + +<p><i>Numenius borealis</i> (Forster). Eskimo Curlew. Formerly abundant +transient in eastern Kansas; now extinct, or nearly so. One +unsexed bird (KU 6951) taken in Douglas County, May 6, 1873, by +N. J. Stevens.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Bartramia longicauda</i> (Bechstein). Upland Plover. Abundant +transient and locally common summer resident in suitable habitat; +most numerous in west. Nesting records from Johnson, Wabaunsee, +Chase, Finney, and Kearny counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Actitis macularia</i> (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common +transient and summer resident throughout state. Breeding records +from Leavenworth County and Kansas City region.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tringa solitaria.</i> Solitary Sandpiper. Common transient throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. s. solitaria</i> Wilson is most common in eastern part +and <i>T. s. cinnamomea</i> (Brewster) is most common in western part of Kansas, +with much overlap of the two.</p></div> + +<p><i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus.</i> Willet. Transient throughout +state, usually uncommon, but sometimes locally common.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. s. inornatus</i> (Brewster). <i>C. s. semipalmatus</i> +(Gmelin) has been reported, probably erroneously; all specimens seen are of the +western subspecies, <i>inornatus</i>.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[Pg 325]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Totanus melanoleucus</i> (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Totanus flavipes</i> (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Common transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Calidris canutus.</i> American Knot. Rare transient. Sight records +from eastern and western Kansas; only one specimen preserved, +Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 19, 1911, G. C. Rinker.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. rufa</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Erolia melanotos</i> (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Common transient +through state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Erolia fuscicollis</i> (Vieillot). White-rumped Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Erolia bairdii</i> (Coues). Baird Sandpiper. Common transient +in east; abundant transient in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Erolia minutilla</i> (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Common transient +throughout state, but less numerous in west than in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Erolia alpina.</i> Red-backed Sandpiper. Rare or uncommon transient; +reported only from eastern half of state, west to Cloud County. +Few specimens have been preserved.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. a. pacifica</i> (Coues).</p></div> + +<p><i>Limnodromus griseus.</i> Short-billed Dowitcher. Rare or uncommon +transient in east, status in west not known. One specimen: +male (KU 29403), 3 miles east of Lawrence, Douglas County, May +14, 1946, R. L. Montell. Dowitchers having noticeably short bills +should be collected when possible.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. g. hendersoni</i> Rowan.</p></div> + +<p><i>Limnodromus scolopaceus</i> (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Micropalama himantopus</i> (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Ereunetes pusillus</i> (Linnaeus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[Pg 326]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Ereunetes mauri</i> Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Uncommon transient +in east; probably common in west but status there unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tryngites subruficollis</i> (Vieillot). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Uncommon +but regular transient in autumn in eastern Kansas, west to +Republic County; few spring records.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Limosa fedoa</i> (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Rare or uncommon +transient throughout state. Status somewhat uncertain because +some observers confuse this species with female Hudsonian Godwits. +The latter are larger and often much duller than male Hudsonian +Godwits. Marbled Godwits, however, show no contrasting tail +pattern in flight.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Limosa haemastica</i> (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Uncommon +transient in eastern and central Kansas; status in west poorly +known (reported from Ness and Kearny counties).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Crocethia alba</i> (Pallas). Sanderling. Rare transient in eastern +and central Kansas; status in west not known. Three specimens have +been taken, two from Douglas County (October) and one from +Stafford County (July).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Recurvirostra americana</i> Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon transient +in east; common transient and uncommon summer resident in west. +Breeding records from Kearny, Finney, Haskell, Meade, and Barton +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Himantopus mexicanus</i> (Müller). Black-necked Stilt. Rare transient. +Records from Crawford, Sedgwick, Cloud, Stafford, Finney, +and Kearny counties; few recent records. No satisfactory nesting +record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Phalaropus fulicarius</i> (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Very rare +transient. Two specimens: female (KU 3778), Lake View, Douglas +County, November 5, 1905, E. E. Brown; male (Ottawa Univ. 96), +near Ottawa, Franklin County, October 25, 1926, Wesley Clanton +(identification checked by Tordoff).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Steganopus tricolor</i> Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Common transient +throughout state. One definite nesting record: adult male +with downy young, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 26,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[Pg 327]</a></span> +1954, Ted F. Andrews and Homer Stephens. Goss mentioned +"breeding birds" in Meade County but the record is not convincing.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Lobipes lobatus</i> (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Rare transient. +Goss shot five and preserved one (now in Goss collection) +of 17 or 18 seen at Fort Wallace, Wallace County, May 25, 1883. +Several sight records.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Stercorarius pomarinus</i> (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Accidental. +One record: immature male (KU 6967), Kansas River near +Lawrence, Douglas County, October 10, 1898, Gus Berger and Banks +Brown. This specimen erroneously reported as a Parasitic Jaeger, +<i>Stercorarius parasiticus</i> (Linnaeus), in previous lists of birds of +Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Stercorarius longicaudus</i> Vieillot. Long-tailed Jaeger. Accidental. +One record: female (KU 32610), Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton +County, June 23, 1955, William M. Lynn and Larry D. Mosby.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Larus hyperboreus.</i> Glaucous Gull. One bird with crippled leg +seen at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, January 27, 1951, and +several days thereafter, by many observers including the author. +Placed on Hypothetical List until specimen is taken in Kansas.]</p> + +<p><i>Larus argentatus.</i> Herring Gull. Transient, regular along Missouri +River, uncommon to rare elsewhere in state; probably rare +winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. a. smithsonianus</i> Coues.</p></div> + +<p><i>Larus californicus</i> Lawrence. California Gull. Accidental. One +record: specimen (location unknown) taken by Goss, Arkansas +River, Reno County, October 20, 1880.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Larus delawarensis</i> Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Transient, locally +common; rare winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Larus atricilla</i> Linnaeus. Laughing Gull. Accidental. One specimen +taken 3 miles east and 2½ miles south of Canton, in Marion +County, May 15, 1933, Richard H. Schmidt (specimen in his collection); +sight records from Barton and Shawnee counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Larus pipixcan</i> Wagler. Franklin Gull. Transient, abundant in +west, common in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[Pg 328]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Larus philadelphia</i> (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. Rare transient. All +specimens from eastern part, west to Cloud County; status in west +not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Rissa tridactyla.</i> Kittiwake. Immature bird seen at Lake Shawnee, +Shawnee County, October 20, 1951, by L. B. Carson and O. S. +Pettingill, Jr. In the absence of a specimen, the species is placed +on the Hypothical List.]</p> + +<p><i>Xema sabini.</i> Sabine Gull. Three records: immature male, taken +at Humboldt, Allen County, September 19, 1876, Peter Long (now +in Goss collection); immature male, taken at Hamilton, Greenwood +County, October 3, 1909, G. C. Rinker; immature bird seen but not +collected on October 18, 28, and 29, 1952, at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee +County, by several observers (Orville O. Rice secured good photographs +of this bird).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>X. s. sabini</i> (Sabine).</p></div> + +<p><i>Sterna forsteri</i> Nuttall. Forster Tern. Transient, locally common +in eastern half of state; status in west unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Sterna hirundo.</i> Common Tern. Rare transient. Two specimens: +female, Anderson County, May 11, 1878 (in Goss collection); male, +Munger's Lake, near Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 2, +1912, G. C. Rinker.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. h. hirundo</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sterna albifrons.</i> Least Tern. Uncommon transient and local +summer resident throughout state. One definite nesting record: +five nests, each with two eggs, Arkansas River at Coolidge, Hamilton +County, July 1, 1936, Otto Tiemeier.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. a. athalassos</i> Burleigh and Lowery.</p></div> + +<p><i>Hydroprogne caspia</i> (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Uncommon transient +throughout state. Many sight records but only one specimen: +female (KU 17147), Douglas County, September 27, 1928, Harold +Standing (skin and body skeleton of this tern saved; erroneously +reported previously as two specimens).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Chlidonias niger.</i> Black Tern. Common transient and, in north-central +part, regular summer resident but no positive breeding record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. n. surinamensis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Columba livia</i> Gmelin. Rock Dove. Introduced. Common +around habitations; nesting locally in feral state on cliffs in western +Kansas.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[Pg 329]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized because of mixed ancestry of birds introduced +into New World.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Zenaidura macroura.</i> Mourning Dove. Common transient and +summer resident, uncommon winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>Z. m. carolinensis</i> (Linnaeus) in east, <i>Z. m. marginella</i> +(Woodhouse) in west, intergrading in central part.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Ectopistes migratorius</i> (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. +Formerly irregular transient and summer resident. Two specimens, +both males, taken at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, April 14, 1876, +by Goss, who also reported this species to nest there occasionally.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Columbigallina passerina.</i> Ground Dove. One seen on Kansas +River, 3 miles west of St. Marys, Pottawatomie County, November +11, 1954, by Thomas A. Hoffman and James Mulligan. Placed in +Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from Kansas.]</p> + +<p>[<i>Scardafella inca</i> (Lesson). Inca Dove. One seen daily at Halstead, +Harvey County, November 10, 1951, to January 21, 1952, by +Edna L. Ruth and others. One seen in Topeka, Shawnee County, +last week of June, 1952, E. J. Rice. Placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen from Kansas.]</p> + +<p>* <i>Conuropsis carolinensis.</i> Carolina Paroquet. Extinct. Formerly +common resident in wooded areas of east; west along stream bottoms. +Goss reported nesting of small flock near Neosho Falls, Woodson +County, in spring, 1858. No specimen from Kansas preserved.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. ludovicianus</i> (Gmelin), on geographical grounds.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Coccyzus americanus.</i> Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. americanus</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Coccyzus erythropthalmus</i> (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. Uncommon +transient and summer resident. Nesting records: female +(KU 15480) and nest containing two Black-billed Cuckoo eggs and +one Yellow-billed Cuckoo egg, 7½ miles southwest of Lawrence, +Douglas County, June 5, 1926, Charles D. Bunker; nests found in +Cloud County in June, 1932 (1), 1933 (1), 1934 (1), 1935 (1), 1938 +(2), J. M. Porter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Geococcyx californianus</i> (Lesson). Road-runner. Resident in +south-central and southwestern Kansas; abundance and distribution +subject to wide fluctuation, current status unknown. Four nests +found, April to July, 1934, 4½ miles east of Arkansas City, Cowley +County, Walter Colvin.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[Pg 330]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Crotophaga sulcirostris.</i> Groove-billed Ani. Accidental. Three +records: specimen (KU 31948), McCune, Crawford County, between +1885 and 1910, Alexander J. C. Roese; specimen, Lyon County, +November 1, 1904; male (KU 31951), 6¾ miles northeast of Blue +Rapids, Marshall County, October 28, 1952, Elizabeth G. McCleod.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. s. sulcirostris</i> Swainson.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Tyto alba.</i> Barn owl. Uncommon resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. a. pratincola</i> (Bonaparte).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Otus asio.</i> Screech Owl. Common resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: Following reported: <i>O. a. naevius</i> (Gmelin) in northeast, +<i>O. a. hasbroucki</i> Ridgway in south-central, <i>O. a. aikeni</i> (Brewster) and +<i>O. a. swenki</i> Oberholser in west. The status of these subspecies is poorly known; +additional breeding specimens and revisionary study are needed.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Bubo virginianus.</i> Horned Owl. Common resident throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. v. virginianus</i> (Gmelin) in east, <i>B. v. occidentalis</i> +Stone in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Nyctea scandiaca</i> (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Rare and irregular +winter visitant throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Surnia ulula.</i> Hawk Owl. None of the several sight records +from Kansas is convincing to me. Reports from eastern Kansas indicating +regular occurrence there of this far-northern species are +surely erroneous and probably pertain to Short-eared Owls.]</p> + +<p>* <i>Speotyto cunicularia.</i> Burrowing Owl. Common summer resident +in west; irregular transient in east. Numbers seem to be +decreasing.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. c. hypugea</i> (Bonaparte).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Strix varia.</i> Barred Owl. Resident in east, locally fairly common. +Status in west not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. v. georgica</i> Latham in southeast; <i>S. v. varia</i> Barton +elsewhere in state.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Asio otus.</i> Long-eared Owl. Uncommon summer resident, +locally common transient and winter resident throughout state. +Nesting records from Ottawa, Douglas, Doniphan, and Meade counties. +Status in summer poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. o. wilsonianus</i> (Lesson).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Asio flammeus.</i> Short-eared Owl. Resident, probably throughout +state, in suitable habitat. More common in winter. Nesting +records from Woodson, Republic, and Marshall counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. f. flammeus</i> (Pontoppidan).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Aegolius acadicus.</i> Saw-whet Owl. Rare winter resident<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span> +throughout state. One nesting record: a pair found in Kansas City, +Wyandotte County, in winter, 1950, remained at least to September, +1951, and were seen with young birds in summer, 1951, John Bishop.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. a. acadicus</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Caprimulgus carolinensis</i> Gmelin. Chuck-will's-widow. Locally +common summer resident in eastern Kansas, western limit of +distribution poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Caprimulgus vociferus.</i> Whip-poor-will. Locally common summer +resident in eastern Kansas; two specimens reported from Finney +County, but status in west poorly known. Two nests reported, at +Geary, Doniphan County, June 16 and June 14 to July 3, 1923, by +Linsdale. In recent years, Chuck-will's-widows seem to have increased +at the expense of Whip-poor-wills in Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. v. vociferus</i> Wilson.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Phalaenoptilus nuttallii.</i> Poor-will. Summer resident, common +in west, rare and local in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. n. nuttallii</i> (Audubon).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Chordeiles minor.</i> Nighthawk. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: Nesting; <i>C. m. minor</i> (Forster) in northeast, <i>C. m. +chapmani</i> Coues in southeast, and <i>C. m. howelli</i> Oberholser in west, intergrading +with one another through fairly broad zones. Migration; <i>C. m. sennetti</i> +Coues throughout state.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Chaetura pelagica</i> (Linnaeus). Chimney Swift. Common +transient and summer resident in east; status in west poorly known. +Schwilling reports this species only in migration in Finney and +neighboring counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Archilochus colubris</i> (Linnaeus). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. +Common transient and summer resident in east; much less +common in west, status there poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Stellula calliope</i> (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. One record: +immature female, 8 miles south of Richfield and 6 miles east of +Kansas Highway 27, Morton County, September 3, 1952, Jean W. +Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Megaceryle alcyon.</i> Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident +and uncommon winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. a. alcyon</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Colaptes auratus.</i> Yellow-shafted Flicker. Common resident<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> +throughout state, but partly replaced in west by Red-shafted Flicker +and hybrids between the two species.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. a. auratus</i> (Linnaeus) in southeast, <i>C. a. luteus</i> +Bangs in remainder of state. <i>C. a. borealis</i> Ridgway has been reported in winter +in east.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Colaptes cafer.</i> Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident in west, +hybridizing with, and replaced by, Yellow-shafted Flicker eastward. +Uncommon winter resident in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. collaris</i> Vigors.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Dryocopus pileatus.</i> Pileated Woodpecker. Formerly common +resident in eastern Kansas, now much reduced in numbers and distribution. +Recent sight records from Leavenworth, Wyandotte, +Douglas, Miami, Linn, and Neosho counties may indicate that this +species is increasing in its former range. Definite nesting records +only from Linn County where Frank Wood and Ivan Sutton found +a nest with 4 eggs and a nest with two young and one egg, along +Marais des Cygnes River, near Pleasanton, some years ago. Eunice +and Wilson Dingus have noted this species at Mound City, Linn +County, regularly for several years.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. p. abieticola</i> (Bangs) in northeast, <i>D. p. pileatus</i> +(Linnaeus) in southeast.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Centurus carolinus.</i> Red-bellied Woodpecker. Common resident +in eastern part, breeding west at least to Comanche County; +additional records in west from Morton, Finney, and Kearny +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. zebra</i> (Boddaert).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Melanerpes erythrocephalus.</i> Red-headed Woodpecker. Common +transient and summer resident throughout state. Occasional +winter resident west to Cloud County; not found in winter in southwest +by Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. e. erythrocephalus</i> (Linnaeus), intergrading in +west with <i>M. e. caurinus</i> Brodkorb.</p></div> + +<p><i>Asyndesmus lewis</i> (Gray). Lewis Woodpecker. Possibly rare +resident in southwest but status uncertain. Several specimens and +sight records from western third of state; one specimen, female +(KU 7890), from Lawrence, Douglas County, November 7, 1908, +Bunker and Wetmore.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Sphyrapicus varius.</i> Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Uncommon transient +and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. v. varius</i> (Linnaeus) in eastern Kansas, <i>S. v. +nuchalis</i> Baird in western part (three specimens, Wallace and Morton counties).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span></p> + +<p>[<i>Sphyrapicus thyroideus.</i> Williamson Sapsucker. An adult male +seen at Concordia, Cloud County, April 4, 1935, by Dr. J. M. Porter. +Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.]</p> + +<p>* <i>Dendrocopos villosus.</i> Hairy Woodpecker. Common resident +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. v. villosus</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Dendrocopos pubescens.</i> Downy Woodpecker. Common resident +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. p. pubescens</i> (Linnaeus) in southeast (Labette +and Montgomery counties), <i>D. p. medianus</i> (Swainson) in rest of state, with +fairly broad zone of intergradation between the two subspecies.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendrocopos scalaris.</i> Ladder-backed Woodpecker. Common +resident in extreme southwestern Kansas (Morton County). Six +specimens. No nest found yet in Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. s. symplectus</i> (Oberholser).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Tyrannus tyrannus</i> (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common +transient and summer resident throughout state; most numerous in +east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Tyrannus verticalis</i> Say. Western Kingbird. Common transient +and summer resident east to Flint Hills; uncommon transient and +summer resident in east (occurs regularly at Lawrence but rarely +at Kansas City).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Tyrannus vociferans.</i> Cassin Kingbird. Transient and summer +resident in extreme western part, east to Finney County. One specimen: +male, Kansas Highway 27 at Cimarron River [7½ miles north +of Elkhart], Morton County, May 26, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. +No nesting record. Status poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. v. vociferans</i> Swainson.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Muscivora forficata</i> (Gmelin). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Common +summer resident in southern and central Kansas; nesting west +to Morton County, north to Cloud County, east to Neosho County. +Sporadic records elsewhere in state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Myiarchus crinitus.</i> Crested Flycatcher. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state, but perhaps less numerous +in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. c. boreus</i> Bangs.</p></div> + +<p><i>Myiarchus cinerascens.</i> Ash-throated Flycatcher. Known only +from Morton County; several seen in May, 1950, and a female with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span> +somewhat enlarged ovary taken, 8 miles south of Richfield, May 7, +1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. c. cinerascens</i> (Lawrence).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sayornis phoebe</i> (Latham). Eastern Phoebe. Common transient +and summer resident in east; occurs, but must less common, in +west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sayornis saya.</i> Say Phoebe. Common transient and summer +resident in west. Nesting records from Rawlins, Jewell, Logan, and +Ness counties. In migration, reported east to Republic and Lyon +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. s. saya</i> (Bonaparte) is the breeding bird; <i>S. s. +yukonensis</i> Bishop probably occurs in migration.</p></div> + +<p><i>Empidonax flaviventris</i> (Baird and Baird). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. +Uncommon transient in east. Specimens from Johnson, +Douglas, and Shawnee counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Empidonax virescens</i> (Vieillot). Acadian Flycatcher. Summer +resident in eastern Kansas. Specimens from Doniphan, Leavenworth, +Douglas, Woodson, Montgomery, and Labette counties. +Nesting records from Doniphan County (Jean M. Linsdale), Linn +County (Wilson J. and Eunice Dingus), and Douglas County (R. F. +Miller).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Empidonax traillii.</i> Alder Flycatcher. Transient throughout state; +no satisfactory nesting records or specimens taken in breeding +season.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. t. brewsteri</i> Oberholser transient, probably more +common in west, and <i>E. t. traillii</i> (Audubon) transient and perhaps breeding +in east.</p></div> + +<p><i>Empidonax minimus</i> (Baird and Baird). Least Flycatcher. Common +transient throughout state; no satisfactory evidence of nesting.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Empidonax oberholseri</i> Phillips. Wright Flycatcher. Known +only from three specimens, May 8 (male and female) and May 12 +(male), 1950, eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County, +Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Empidonax difficilis.</i> Western Flycatcher. Known only from two +specimens taken eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County; +September 3, 1952, immature female, Jean Graber; September 5, +1952, immature male (KU 31203), Richard Graber.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. d. hellmayri</i> Brodkorb (female specimen); intermediate +between <i>E. d. hellmayri</i> and <i>E. d. difficilis</i> Baird (male specimen).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Contopus virens</i> (Linnaeus). Eastern Wood Pewee. Common +transient and summer resident in east, rare transient in west. Breeding +distribution in state poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Contopus richardsonii.</i> Western Wood Pewee. Common transient +and probably summer resident in west; rare transient in east +(specimen from Greenwood County and one seen in Cloud County). +No nesting record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. r. richardsonii</i> (Swainson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Nuttallornis borealis</i> (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Eremophila alpestris.</i> Horned Lark. Common transient and +resident throughout state. Numbers augmented by northern birds +in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. a. praticola</i> (Henshaw) resident in east; <i>E. a. +enthymia</i> (Oberholser) resident west of Flint Hills; <i>E. a. hoyti</i> (Bishop), <i>E. a. +alpestris</i> (Linnaeus), and <i>E. a. leucolaema</i> (Coues) in winter.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Tachycineta thalassina.</i> Violet-green Swallow. Five birds seen +at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 14, 1947, by L. B. Carson. +Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.]</p> + +<p>* <i>Iridoprocne bicolor</i> (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Summer resident +in extreme northeastern Kansas; common transient throughout +eastern half of state, status in west not known. Nesting records only +from Doniphan County, along Missouri River, four nests located by +Linsdale, in 1922, 1923, and 1924, and Leavenworth County, nests +found by Brumwell along Missouri River.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Riparia riparia.</i> Bank Swallow. Common transient and summer +resident, probably throughout state but status in northwest not +known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. r. riparia</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Stelgidopteryx ruficollis.</i> Rough-winged Swallow. Common +transient and summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. r. serripennis</i> (Audubon).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Hirundo rustica.</i> Barn Swallow. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. r. erythrogaster</i> Boddaert.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Petrochelidon pyrrhonota.</i> Cliff Swallow. Common transient +and locally common summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. p. pyrrhonota</i> (Vieillot).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</a></span> + +<p><i>Progne subis.</i> Purple Martin. Common transient and summer +resident in east to uncommon or rare in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. s. subis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Cyanocitta cristata.</i> Blue Jay. Common transient and resident +throughout state; less common in northern and western sections in +winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. bromia</i> Oberholser in east, <i>C. c. cyanotephra</i> +Sutton in west, intergrading through central Kansas.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Cyanocitta stelleri.</i> Steller Jay. Several sight records from +southwestern Kansas. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a +specimen.]</p> + +<p><i>Aphelocoma coerulescens.</i> Scrub Jay. Irregular winter resident +in southwestern Kansas. Five specimens (KU 20812-5, 21213), 12 +miles northeast of Elkhart, Morton County, November 8, 10, 14, +1934, W. S. Long and Fred Hastie. Two seen in Finney County, +January 15, 1955, by Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. c. woodhouseii</i> (Baird).</p></div> + +<p><i>Aphelocoma ultramarina.</i> Arizona Jay. Accidental. One specimen: +"probably female," near Mt. Jesus, Clark County, March, 1906, +B. Ashton Keith. Identification confirmed by L. L. Dyche; present +location of specimen unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. u. arizonae</i> (Ridgway).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Pica pica.</i> American Magpie. Common resident in west; occasional +in east in winter. Eastward extent of breeding range poorly +known; nests from Ottawa (1951), Republic (1951 and 1953), and +Cloud (1954) counties. Extending breeding range eastward (J. M. +Porter).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. p. hudsonia</i> (Sabine).</p></div> + +<p><i>Corvus corax.</i> American Raven. Formerly occurred on High +Plains, precise status not known. No records since disappearance +of bison herds. One specimen: Jewell County, date unknown, +Edward Kern (specimen now at Kansas State College, Manhattan).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. c. sinuatus</i> Wagler.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Corvus cryptoleucus</i> Couch. White-necked Raven. Common +summer resident in western two tiers of counties; occasional resident +east to Ford County. Locally common winter resident (Finney, +Scott, and Sherman counties). One shot at Larned, Pawnee County, +about October 25, 1937, by Frank Robl.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Corvus brachyrhynchos.</i> Crow. Common resident in east, less +common in west. Abundant transient and winter resident in central +Kansas.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. b. brachyrhynchos</i> Brehm.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus</i> Wied. Piñon Jay. Irregular winter +visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Douglas +(twice), Sedgwick, Mitchell, Clark, Finney, and Kearny counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Nucifraga columbiana</i> (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Irregular +winter visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from +Marshall (twice), Ellis, Lyon, Finney, and Seward counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Parus atricapillus.</i> Black-capped Chickadee. Common resident +in entire state except for southern tier of counties, where either +rare or absent in summer and locally common in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. a. atricapillus</i> Linnaeus in east, where most specimens +are more or less intermediate toward <i>P. a. septentrionalis</i> Harris, the resident +subspecies in the west.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Parus carolinensis.</i> Carolina Chickadee. Common resident in +southern tier of counties; taken also in Greenwood County. Reported +occurrence in Douglas County is erroneous. Proof of breeding +rests on partly grown juveniles taken in Barber County, and on +two nests found in Montgomery County by L. B. Carson.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. c. atricapilloides</i> Lunk.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Parus bicolor</i> Linnaeus. Tufted Titmouse. Common resident +in eastern Kansas, west at least to Barber, Harvey, and Cloud counties. +Western limit of breeding range poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sitta carolinensis.</i> White-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon and +local resident and winter visitant throughout state. Three positive +nesting records, all from Douglas County, by C. D. Bunker, R. F. +Miller, and Katherine Kelley.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. c. carolinensis</i> Latham resident in Labette and +Montgomery counties; <i>S. c. nelsoni</i> Mearns occurs in at least Morton County, +status uncertain; <i>S. c. cookei</i> Oberholser resident and winter visitant in rest of +state.</p></div> + +<p><i>Sitta canadensis</i> Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon +transient and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Certhia familiaris.</i> Brown Creeper. Fairly common transient +and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. f. americana</i> Bonaparte.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Troglodytes aëdon.</i> House Wren. Transient and summer resident, +common in east to uncommon in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. a. parkmanii</i> Audubon.</p></div> + +<p><i>Troglodytes troglodytes.</i> Winter Wren. Rare or uncommon +transient and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. t. hiemalis</i> Vieillot.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</a></span> + +<p><i>Thryomanes bewickii.</i> Bewick Wren. Resident, common in +south, rare in north; status poorly known. Nesting records from +Shawnee, Johnson, and Montgomery counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. b. bewickii</i> (Audubon) in northern and northeastern +part, <i>T. b. cryptus</i> Oberholser in rest of state. (<i>T. b. niceae</i> Sutton, a +questionably valid subspecies, has been reported from Meade and Morton +counties.)</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Thryothorus ludovicianus.</i> Carolina Wren. Resident, common +in south, less common to north and west. One record from Hamilton +County; status in northwest unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. l. ludovicianus</i> (Latham).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Telmatodytes palustris.</i> Long-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon +transient throughout state; known as a breeding bird only from +Doniphan County, where Linsdale found several nests and collected +a juvenile (KU 12869) with half-grown tail, August 31, 1922.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. p. dissaëptus</i> (Bangs).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Cistothorus platensis.</i> Short-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon +transient and irregular summer resident in east, no records from +west. One breeding record: male (KU 29665), female (KU +29666), and their nest with four eggs, eight miles west of Lawrence, +Douglas County, August 30, 1950, H. B. Tordoff and G. P. Young.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. p. stellaris</i> (Naumann).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Salpinctes obsoletus.</i> Rock Wren. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding +range not known. Nests found in Hamilton, Scott, and Logan +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. o. obsoletus</i> (Say).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Mimus polyglottos.</i> Mockingbird. Resident throughout state, +less common in north, especially in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. p. polyglottos</i> (Linnaeus) in east, <i>M. p. leucopterus</i> +(Vigors) in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between +the two subspecies).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Dumetella carolinensis</i> (Linnaeus). Catbird. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Toxostoma rufum.</i> Brown Thrasher. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state; occasional winter resident at +least in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. r. rufum</i> (Linnaeus) in east, <i>T. r. longicauda</i> +Baird in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Oreoscoptes montanus</i> (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Rare transient +in west. Two unsexed specimens (KU 31941, 31942), 1 mile +south of Holcomb, Finney County, September 20 and October 2,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</a></span> +1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. A third individual seen in Morton +County, September 27, 1954, and a fourth in Kearny County, March +23, 1955, by Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Turdus migratorius.</i> Robin. Common transient and summer +resident; locally common winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>T. m. migratorius</i> Linnaeus breeds in most of state +but birds in southeast are intermediate toward <i>T. m. achrusterus</i> (Batchelder); +<i>T. m. propinquus</i> Ridgway occurs in west, at least in migration, and irregularly +in other parts of state in winter.</p></div> + +<p><i>Ixoreus naevius.</i> Varied Thrush. Accidental. One record: specimen +(present location unknown) taken at Garden City, Finney +County, October 17, 1891, H. W. Menke.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: Probably <i>I. n. meruloides</i> (Swainson), on geographical +grounds.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Hylocichla mustelina</i> (Gmelin). Wood Thrush. Common transient +and summer resident in east, absent in west, western limit of +breeding in Kansas not known (nests, but uncommonly, in Cloud +County).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylocichla guttata.</i> Hermit Thrush. Transient throughout state, +usually uncommon. Rare in winter in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. g. faxoni</i> Bangs and Penard in east, <i>H. g. sequoiensis</i> +(Belding) in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylocichla ustulata.</i> Olive-backed Thrush. Common transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. u. swainsoni</i> (Tschudi).</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylocichla minima.</i> Gray-cheeked Thrush. Fairly common transient +in east; probably does not occur in west but western limit +in migration in Kansas unknown (rare in Cloud County, three records +by J. M. Porter).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. m. minima</i> (Lafresnaye).</p></div> + +<p><i>Hylocichla fuscescens.</i> Veery. Transient, rare in east, fairly +common in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. f. salicicola</i> Ridgway.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sialia sialis.</i> Eastern Bluebird. Common resident and transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. s. sialis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Sialia mexicana.</i> Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Said to be winter +resident at Coolidge, Hamilton County, by Shanstrum. Reliably +reported from southeastern Colorado. Placed in Hypothetical List +in absence of a specimen from Kansas.]<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Sialia currucoides</i> (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Common +winter resident in west; occurs regularly east to Cloud and Barber +counties and irregularly farther east (to Douglas and Anderson +counties). Bunker and Rocklund took a full-grown juvenal female +(KU 5900) on June 20, 1911, near the Colorado line northwest of +Coolidge, Hamilton County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Myadestes townsendi.</i> Townsend Solitaire. Winter resident in +small numbers in west; irregular in winter in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. t. townsendi</i> (Audubon).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Polioptila caerulea.</i> Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common transient +and summer resident in east, probably transient only in west but +status there poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan, Douglas, +and Barber counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. c. caerulea</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p><i>Regulus satrapa.</i> Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common transient +throughout state; uncommon winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. s. satrapa</i> Lichtenstein.</p></div> + +<p><i>Regulus calendula.</i> Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common transient +throughout state; rare winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. c. calendula</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p><i>Anthus spinoletta.</i> Water Pipit. Common transient throughout +state, more numerous in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. s. rubescens</i> (Tunstall).</p></div> + +<p><i>Anthus spragueii</i> (Audubon). Sprague Pipit. Transient throughout +state, perhaps more common in central or western parts; status +poorly known. Specimens known from Trego, Cloud, Greenwood, +Woodson, and Anderson counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Bombycilla garrulus.</i> Bohemian Waxwing. Rare winter visitant +throughout state. Few specimens on record, from Riley, Shawnee, +Jefferson, Greenwood, and Sedgwick counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>B. g. pallidiceps</i> Reichenow.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Bombycilla cedrorum</i> Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Common transient +and irregular winter resident throughout state; rare summer +resident in northeast. Breeding records: four nests found at Lake +Quivira, Wyandotte County, July 22, 1947 (nestling collected, KU +32374), July 3, 1949 (young in nest), July 4, 1950, July 10, 1952 +(young in nest), Harold C. Hedges; nest found in Topeka, Shawnee +County, June 16, 1953, Cliff Olander and T. W. Nelson.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Lanius excubitor.</i> Northern Shrike. Winter resident, rare in east, +uncommon in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. e. borealis</i> Vieillot in east, <i>L. e. invictus</i> Grinnell +in west (most specimens from Kansas are intermediate between the two).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Lanius ludovicianus.</i> Loggerhead Shrike. Common resident +and transient throughout state, but may leave north-central and +northwestern parts in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. l. migrans</i> Palmer in extreme east, <i>L. l. excubitorides</i> +Swainson in west, east to Norton, Ness, and Clark counties; birds from +rest of state mostly intermediate.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sturnus vulgaris.</i> Starling. Introduced. First appeared in early +1930's, now common transient and resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. v. vulgaris</i> Linnaeus.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo atricapillus</i> Woodhouse. Black-capped Vireo. Summer +resident in Comanche and possibly other south-central counties. +Status poorly known. Goss collected three pairs in southeastern +Comanche County, May 7 to 18, 1885, and found a nest under construction +on May 11, 1885. Sight records from Manhattan, Riley +County, June 18, 1953, by Scott Searles, and Halstead, Harvey +County, May 16, 1951, by Edna L. Ruth.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo griseus.</i> White-eyed Vireo. Locally common transient +and summer resident in east. Status poorly known. Nesting records +from Doniphan County (Linsdale) and Kansas City region; specimens +taken in summer from Douglas, Montgomery, and Labette +counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. g. noveboracensis</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo bellii.</i> Bell Vireo. Common summer resident throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. b. bellii</i> Audubon.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo flavifrons</i> Vieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon +transient and local, uncommon summer resident throughout state. +Goss reported two nests, one with 1 Cowbird and 3 vireo eggs, at +Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 9, 1877, and one under construction +at Topeka, Shawnee County, May 18, 1883. T. W. Nelson +found a nest at Topeka in 1947 (date approximate). R. F. Miller +found an occupied nest 3 miles north of Baldwin, Douglas County, +May 6, 1947.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vireo solitarius.</i> Solitary Vireo. Fairly common transient throughout +state.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. s. solitarius</i> (Wilson) in east, <i>V. s. plumbeus</i> Coues +and <i>V. s. cassinii</i> Xantus in west.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo olivaceus</i> (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vireo philadelphicus</i> (Cassin). Philadelphia Vireo. Uncommon +transient in east (often overlooked); reported west to Harvey +County but western limit of migration in Kansas not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Vireo gilvus.</i> Warbling Vireo. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. g. gilvus</i> (Vieillot).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Mniotilta varia</i> (Linnaeus). Black and White Warbler. Common +transient throughout state, local and uncommon summer resident +in east. Breeding distribution in state poorly known. Nests +reported in Douglas and Leavenworth counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Protonotaria citrea</i> (Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Locally +common transient and summer resident in eastern Kansas. +Nesting records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Johnson, Douglas, +Shawnee, and Woodson counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Helmitheros vermivorus</i> (Gmelin). Worm-eating Warbler. Rare +transient (specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties) +and summer resident in east. Linsdale saw a singing bird on +July 11, 1923, in Doniphan County. Hilton (Wilson Bull., 32, 1920:85-86) +reports finding a newly-fledged young bird with an adult at +Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County, on June 7, 1919 (some of +Hilton's records seem highly improbable, but the one in question is +convincing to me).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vermivora chrysoptera</i> (Linnaeus). Golden-winged Warbler. +Rare transient in east. Several sight records and one specimen: +female (KU 12700), 3 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, +May 2, 1921, E. R. Hall.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vermivora pinus</i> (Linnaeus). Blue-winged Warbler. Uncommon +transient in east. Possibly nests rarely but no definite evidence.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vermivora peregrina</i> (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Common +transient in east, uncommon transient in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Vermivora celata.</i> Orange-crowned Warbler. Common transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. c. celata</i> (Say) throughout state, <i>V. c. orestera</i> +Oberholser in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Vermivora ruficapilla.</i> Nashville Warbler. Common transient +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>V. r. ruficapilla</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Vermivora virginiae</i> (Baird). Virginia Warbler. Transient in +extreme west. Known in Kansas only from 8 miles south of Richfield, +Morton County: five birds seen, two collected, May 4 to 10, +1950, Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Parula americana</i> (Linnaeus). Parula Warbler. Fairly common +transient and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting +records from Riley, Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties; +western limit of breeding distribution unknown.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Dendroica petechia.</i> Yellow Warbler. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. p. aestiva</i> (Gmelin) breeding in all except southwestern +Kansas; <i>D. p. sonorana</i> Brewster probably breeding in extreme southwest +(specimens from Morton County); <i>D. p. rubiginosa</i> (Pallas) transient, +probably throughout state.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica magnolia</i> (Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. Uncommon +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica tigrina</i> (Gmelin). Cape May Warbler. Rare transient +in east. Several sight records but only one specimen from state: immature +male (KU 31644), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 6, +1954 (abnormally late date), Mary Edith Kizer.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica caerulescens.</i> Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rare +transient, more records from west than from east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. c. caerulescens</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica coronata.</i> Myrtle Warbler. Common transient +throughout state, rare winter resident. (See also Audubon Warbler.)</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. c. coronata</i> (Linnaeus) and <i>D. c. hooveri</i> McGregor.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica auduboni.</i> Audubon Warbler. Common transient in +west, rare in east, specimens taken east to Trego County. Hybrids +between this species and Myrtle Warbler common in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. a. auduboni</i> (Townsend).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Dendroica nigrescens</i> (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. +Common transient in extreme western Kansas. Several sight +records and four specimens from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton +County, May 8 to 13, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica townsendi</i> (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Transient +in extreme western Kansas. Five records: all from 8 miles +south of Richfield, Morton County, May 3 (female collected), 11, +and 20, 1950, September 3 and 5 (immature female, KU 31206), +1952, Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica virens.</i> Black-throated Green Warbler. Transient, +uncommon in east and rare in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. v. virens</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica cerulea</i> (Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. Uncommon +transient and possibly summer resident in east, but status poorly +known. No definite nesting record. Only five specimens on record.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica fusca</i> (Müller). Blackburnian Warbler. Transient, +uncommon in east, rare in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Dendroica dominica.</i> Sycamore Warbler. A few sight records +from east and possibly breeds in southeast but placed on Hypothetical +List until a specimen from state is obtained.]</p> + +<p><i>Dendroica pensylvanica</i> (Linnaeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. +Transient, fairly common in east, uncommon in west. Only three +specimens from state, two from Shawnee County, one from Morton +County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica castanea</i> (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Uncommon +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica striata</i> (Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common +transient in east, uncommon or rare in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Dendroica pinus.</i> Pine Warbler. Probably rare transient in +east where several have been reported seen, but placed in Hypothetical +List in absence of a specimen from Kansas. Linsdale reported +taking a Pine Warbler in Doniphan County, September 13, +1923, but the specimen is actually a Cerulean Warbler.]</p> + +<p>* <i>Dendroica discolor.</i> Prairie Warbler. Known to occur regu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span>larly +only in Wyandotte and Johnson counties, where locally common +transient and summer resident; newly fledged young have been +found. One specimen: male (KU 32376), 2 miles west of Lake +Quivira, Johnson County, May 3, 1942, Harold C. Hedges.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. d. discolor</i> (Vieillot).</p></div> + +<p><i>Dendroica palmarum.</i> Palm Warbler. Uncommon transient in +east, west at least to Cloud County. Western limit of occurrence in +migration not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>D. p. palmarum</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Seiurus aurocapillus.</i> Oven-bird. Fairly common transient +throughout state; local summer resident in northeast. Brumwell +reported one pair nesting in June, 1939, and in 1940, at Fort Leavenworth, +Leavenworth County. His report is lacking in details but +no other nesting records are available.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. a. aurocapillus</i> (Linnaeus) throughout state, <i>S. a. +cinereus</i> A. H. Miller taken in Cheyenne County.</p></div> + +<p><i>Seiurus noveboracensis.</i> Northern Water-thrush. Fairly common +transient throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. n. notabilis</i> Ridgway.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Seiurus motacilla</i> (Vieillot). Louisiana Water-thrush. Fairly +common transient and summer resident in east, uncommon transient +in west. Approximately 11 breeding records, all from Miami +and Linn counties. Summer distribution in state inadequately +known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Oporornis formosus</i> (Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Common +transient and summer resident in east. Nests west to Riley County, +but not reported from Cloud County by Porter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Oporornis philadelphia</i> (Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Locally +common transient in east, west rarely to Sedgwick and Cloud +counties. Sight records supposedly of Connecticut Warblers (<i>Oporornis +agilis</i>) may, at least in part, refer to this species. No specimens +of <i>O. agilis</i> known from state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Oporornis tolmiei.</i> Macgillivray Warbler. Common transient in +extreme western Kansas, accidental in east. Specimens from Morton, +Hamilton, and Marshall (1) counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>O. t. monticola</i> Phillips.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Geothlypis trichas.</i> Yellow-throat. Common transient throughout +state; common summer resident in east, less common in west.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>G. t. brachidactyla</i> (Swainson) breeds in east; <i>G. t. +occidentalis</i> Brewster breeds in west. Distribution in Kansas of these subspecies +and identity of transients poorly known.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Icteria virens.</i> Yellow-breasted Chat. Common transient and +summer resident, perhaps less common in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>I. v. virens</i> (Linnaeus) in east, <i>I. v. auricollis</i> (Lichtenstein) +in west, intergrading through most of state.</p></div> + +<p><i>Wilsonia citrina</i> (Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. Formerly common +summer resident in east, now rare and perhaps no longer nests +in state. No satisfactory breeding record. Three males from Leavenworth +County, May 9, 1871, and one from Shawnee County, May +17, 1871, taken by J. A. Allen, are now at Harvard.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Wilsonia pusilla.</i> Wilson Warbler. Common transient throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>W. p. pusilla</i> (Wilson) in east, <i>W. p. pileolata</i> (Pallas) +in west; precise distribution in migration unknown.</p></div> + +<p><i>Wilsonia canadensis</i> (Linnaeus). Canada Warbler. Uncommon +transient in east, reported west to Sedgwick and Cloud counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Setophaga ruticilla.</i> American Redstart. Common transient and +local summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but +breeding range in state poorly known. Few definite nesting records: +Brumwell reported nesting at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth +County; J. M. Porter found a nest in Republic County, May 22, 1940.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. r. ruticilla</i> (Linnaeus) is breeding form; <i>S. r. +tricolora</i> (Müller) occurs in migration.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Passer domesticus.</i> English Sparrow. Introduced. Common +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. d. domesticus</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus</i> (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Transient, uncommon +in east and rare in west in spring; rare in east and absent in +west in fall. In 1940, several pairs remained until July 21 near +Jamestown State Lake, Cloud County, and two pairs were seen +feeding fledglings on June 25 (J. M. Porter). No other good evidence +of breeding.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Sturnella magna.</i> Eastern Meadowlark. Common transient and +resident in eastern part. Nests locally west to Jewell County in +north and Barber County in south. Less common in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. m. magna</i> (Linnaeus) in northeast, <i>S. m. argutula</i> +Bangs in southeast.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span> + +<p><i>Sturnella neglecta.</i> Western Meadowlark. Common transient +and resident in western part. Nests commonly east to Flint Hills, +irregularly and uncommonly in east. Largely replaces Eastern +Meadowlark in east in winter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. n. neglecta</i> Audubon.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus</i> (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed +Blackbird. Transient, common in west and uncommon in east, and +uncommon, local summer resident. Breeds more frequently in west; +nesting records from Meade, Wallace, Barton, Stafford, Doniphan, +and Douglas counties. One winter record, Riley County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Agelaius phoeniceus.</i> Red-wing. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state, less common winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. p. phoeniceus</i> (Linnaeus) breeds in most of state; +<i>A. p. fortis</i> Ridgway may nest in west and occurs in migration; <i>A. p. arctolegus</i> +Oberholser occurs in migration.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Icterus spurius</i> (Linnaeus). Orchard Oriole. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Icterus cucullatus.</i> Hooded Oriole. Accidental. One record: +bird banded at Los Angeles, California, January 22, 1939, found dead +by Dr. F. S. Williams, 16 miles southeast of Garden City, Finney +County, about August 5, 1939; foot of specimen preserved.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>I. c. californicus</i> (Lesson), on geographic grounds.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Icterus galbula</i> (Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. Common transient +and summer resident through most of state; hybridizes freely +with Bullock Oriole in west. One winter record: immature male +(KU 31988), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, 1953, H. B. +Tordoff.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Icterus bullockii.</i> Bullock Oriole. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and +Douglas County (transient).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>I. b. bullockii</i> (Swainson).</p></div> + +<p><i>Euphagus carolinus.</i> Rusty Blackbird. Common transient and +locally common winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>E. c. carolinus</i> (Müller).</p></div> + +<p><i>Euphagus cyanocephalus</i> (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Transient +and local winter resident. Common in west, uncommon in +east. Probably nests in northwest, but no satisfactory evidence of +this.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> + +<p><i>Quiscalus quiscula.</i> Bronzed Grackle. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state; local winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>Q. q. versicolor</i> Vieillot.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Molothrus ater.</i> Cowbird. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state; local winter resident.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. a. ater</i> (Boddaert) is breeding bird; <i>M. a. artemisiae</i> +Grinnell transient, common in west and possibly nesting in northwest.</p></div> + +<p><i>Piranga ludoviciana</i> (Wilson). Western Tanager. Fairly common +transient and perhaps summer resident in extreme west. Two +males taken 4½ miles west of Kendall, Hamilton County, May 20 and +June 1, 1893, H. W. Menke; many seen and two males and a female +(KU 31207) taken 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, +May 6, 1950 (males) and September 4, 1952, Richard and Jean +Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Piranga olivacea</i> (Gmelin). Scarlet Tanager. Fairly common +transient in east and uncommon summer resident in northeast. +Distribution in state poorly known; breeding records from Doniphan, +Leavenworth, and Cloud counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Piranga rubra.</i> Summer Tanager. Common transient and summer +resident, distribution poorly known. Recorded in migration +(possibly breeding?) west to Morton County and breeding in +Doniphan and Douglas counties. Not reported by Porter as nesting +in Cloud County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. r. rubra</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Richmondena cardinalis.</i> Cardinal. Common resident in east, +uncommon in west, rare in extreme southwest.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>R. c. cardinalis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Pheucticus ludovicianus</i> (Linnaeus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. +Common transient and locally common summer resident in east. +Reported in summer west to Rawlins County; probably absent in +summer from southeast. Distribution poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Pheucticus melanocephalus.</i> Black-headed Grosbeak. Common +transient and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud +and Harvey counties. Occasionally occurs farther east in migration.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. m. melanocephalus</i> (Swainson).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Guiraca caerulea.</i> Blue Grosbeak. Common transient and summer +resident in most of state; locally common in summer in northeast.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>G. c. caerulea</i> (Linnaeus) in east, <i>G. c. interfusa</i> +Dwight and Griscom in west; most specimens from state are intergrades.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span> + +<p><i>Passerina cyanea</i> (Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting. Common transient +and summer resident west to Finney County, status in extreme +west not known but probably absent there.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Passerina amoena</i> (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Common transient +and probably summer resident in extreme western Kansas. No +breeding record. Rare in east in migration.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Passerina ciris.</i> Painted Bunting. Fairly common summer resident +in east, west to Barber and north to Riley and Shawnee counties. +One positive nesting record: nest with young, successfully +fledged, Lawrence, Douglas County, spring and summer, 1918, +Bessie D. Reed.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. c. pallidior</i> Mearns.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spiza americana</i> (Gmelin). Dickcissel. Transient and summer +resident throughout state; common in east, locally common in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Hesperiphona vespertina.</i> Evening Grosbeak. Rare and irregular +winter visitant. Reported from widely scattered localities +throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>H. v. vespertina</i> (Cooper); <i>H. v. brooksi</i> Grinnell +may occur in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Carpodacus purpureus.</i> Purple Finch. Fairly common transient +and winter resident in east; status in west not known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. p. purpureus</i> (Gmelin).</p></div> + +<p><i>Carpodacus mexicanus.</i> House Finch. Occurs in southwestern +Kansas, reported common north to Hamilton County and east to +Finney County. One record from Concordia, Cloud County, 2 or +3 birds seen from February 26 to March 6, 1954, Lillie and Ida Cook, +J. M. Porter. Most records in winter; status in summer uncertain.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. m. frontalis</i> (Say).</p></div> + +<p>[<i>Pinicola enucleator.</i> Pine Grosbeak. One old record (possibly +based on a specimen, but convincing details are lacking) and a few +recent sight records from east. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence +of an authentic specimen from state.]</p> + +<p><i>Acanthis flammea.</i> Redpoll. Rare and irregular winter visitant. +Records from Cloud, Riley (specimen), Douglas (specimens), and +Woodson counties, and Kansas City region.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. f. flammea</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spinus pinus.</i> Pine Siskin. Common but irregular transient and +winter resident throughout state. Two breeding records: nest with +3 or 4 young, later successfully fledged, Onaga, Pottawatomie<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span> +County, May 3, 1920, F. F. Crevecoeur; nest with 3 eggs (young +successfully fledged), 1 mile southwest of Concordia, Cloud County, +observed from April 6 to 30, 1954, J. M. Porter.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. p. pinus</i> (Wilson).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spinus tristis.</i> Eastern Goldfinch. Common resident throughout +state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. t. tristis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Loxia curvirostra.</i> Red Crossbill. Irregular winter visitant +throughout state, locally common at times. One nesting record: +nest with one egg, Topeka, Shawnee County, March 22, 1917, A. +Sidney Hyde. This nest later held three eggs, all hatched, three +young fledged, and the family left the area in June.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas (in approximate decreasing order of frequency): <i>L. c. +benti</i> Griscom, <i>L. c. bendirei</i> Ridgway, <i>L. c. minor</i> (Brehm), <i>L. c. stricklandi</i> +Ridgway, <i>L. c. sitkensis</i> Grinnell.</p></div> + +<p><i>Loxia leucoptera.</i> White-winged Crossbill. Rare and irregular +winter visitant throughout the state. Only two specimens taken +(Douglas and Ellis counties).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>L. l. leucoptera</i> Gmelin.</p></div> + +<p><i>Chlorura chlorura</i> (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Fairly +common transient in west; rare winter visitant in east (Shawnee +County, Wyandotte County).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Pipilo erythrophthalmus.</i> Red-eyed Towhee. Common transient +and winter resident throughout state; uncommon summer resident +in east, status in west in summer not known. No nest found, +but recently fledged young reported in several counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. e. erythrophthalmus</i> (Linnaeus) resident; <i>P. e. +arcticus</i> (Swainson) winter resident throughout state; <i>P. e. montanus</i> Swarth +reported as transient only from Morton County.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Calamospiza melanocorys</i> Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Common +transient and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. Nesting +in southwestern Kansas irregular; absent some years and present +in other years. One nesting record from east, in Franklin County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Passerculus sandwichensis.</i> Savannah Sparrow. Common transient +and rare winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. s. savanna</i> (Wilson), <i>P. s. nevadensis</i> Grinnell, +<i>P. s. oblitus</i> Peters and Griscom.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Ammodramus savannarum.</i> Grasshopper Sparrow. Common +transient and local summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. s. perpallidus</i> (Coues).</p></div> + +<p><i>Ammodramus bairdii</i> (Audubon). Baird Sparrow. One record:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span> +male? (U. S. Natl. Mus. 155884), Pendennis, Lane County, April 25, +1897, J. A. Loring. This species probably occurs regularly in the +state but is overlooked.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Passerherbulus caudacutus</i> (Latham). Leconte Sparrow. Common +transient and irregular, locally common winter resident west +at least to Lane County.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Passerherbulus henslowii.</i> Henslow Sparrow. Uncommon transient +and uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to +Cloud County. Breeding records from Morris, Shawnee, Douglas, +and Anderson counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. h. henslowii</i> (Audubon).</p></div> + +<p><i>Ammospiza caudacuta.</i> Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Rare transient in +east. Specimens taken in Shawnee, Douglas, Woodson, and McPherson +counties. Supposed nesting reported by Goss probably +erroneous.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. c. nelsoni</i> (Allen).</p></div> + +<p><i>Pooecetes gramineus.</i> Vesper Sparrow. Common transient +throughout state. May nest in northwest but no evidence available.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. g. gramineus</i> (Gmelin) in east, <i>P. g. confinis</i> Baird +in west.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Chondestes grammacus.</i> Lark Sparrow. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. g. grammacus</i> (Say) east of Flint Hills, <i>C. g. +strigatus</i> Swainson in west; the two subspecies intergrade in central Kansas.</p></div> + +<p><i>Aimophila ruficeps.</i> Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Two records: +male (KU 29222), Schwarz Canyon, Comanche County, June 7, +1936, C. W. Hibbard; one seen near Point Rock, Morton County, +May 21, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. r. scottii</i> (Sennett).</p></div> + +<p><i>Aimophila aestivalis.</i> Pine-woods Sparrow. One specimen: male +(KU 32377), Lake Quivira, in Wyandotte County, April 26, 1948, +Harold C. Hedges. One seen, Lake Quivira, in Johnson County, +April 24, 1949, Harold C. Hedges.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. a. illinoensis</i> (Ridgway).</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Aimophila cassinii</i> (Woodhouse). Cassin Sparrow. Common +summer resident in southwestern Kansas, known north to Hamilton +County and east to Finney County. One nesting record: nest with +two young and one pipped egg, one mile south of Garden City, +Finney County, May 24, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Amphispiza bilineata.</i> Black-throated Sparrow. One record: +specimen of unknown sex (KU 31356), 4 miles north and 3 miles +east of Garden City, Finney County, November 25, 1952, Marvin D. +Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>A. b. deserticola</i> Ridgway.</p></div> + +<p><i>Junco aikeni</i> Ridgway. White-winged Junco. Fairly common +transient and winter resident in western Kansas. Specimens from +Wallace, Ellis, Hamilton, and Morton counties.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Junco hyemalis.</i> Slate-colored Junco. Common transient and +winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>J. h. hyemalis</i> (Linnaeus), <i>J. h. cismontanus</i> Dwight.</p></div> + +<p><i>Junco oreganus.</i> Oregon Junco. Common transient and winter +resident in west, uncommon in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>J. o. montanus</i> Ridgway, <i>J. o. mearnsi</i> Ridgway.</p></div> + +<p><i>Spizella arborea.</i> Tree Sparrow. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. a. arborea</i> (Wilson) common in east; <i>S. a. ochracea</i> +Brewster common throughout state.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spizella passerina.</i> Chipping Sparrow. Common transient and +summer resident in east, less common in west. Only two actual +nesting records: occupied nest at Lawrence, Douglas County, May, +1954, James S. Findley; nest with 4 large young, 6 miles south of +Atchison, Atchison County, May, 1934 or 1935, Homer A. Stephens +(photographs taken of nest and adult).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. p. passerina</i> (Bechstein) in east, <i>S. p. arizonae</i> +Coues in west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Spizella pallida</i> (Swainson). Clay-colored Sparrow. Common +transient throughout state. Possibly breeds in northwest: male +(KU 31950) with greatly enlarged testes (9 × 6 mm.), 1 mile north +of St. Francis, Cheyenne County, June 12, 1954, H. B. Tordoff.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Spizella breweri.</i> Brewer Sparrow. Common transient in west. +Five specimens known: four males, Morton County, April 8 to +May 1, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber; one specimen (sex?), Finney +County, May 3, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. b. breweri</i> Cassin.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Spizella pusilla.</i> Field Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident and uncommon winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>S. p. arenacea</i> Chadbourne, intergrading in east with +<i>S. p. pusilla</i> (Wilson).</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span></p> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia querula</i> (Nuttall). Harris Sparrow. Common transient +and winter resident in east, uncommon in west.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia leucophrys.</i> White-crowned Sparrow. Common +transient and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>Z. l. leucophrys</i> (Forster) common in east, uncommon +in west; <i>Z. l. gambelii</i> (Nuttall) common in west, fairly common in east.</p></div> + +<p><i>Zonotrichia albicollis</i> (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Fairly +common transient, uncommon winter resident west at least to Cloud +and Sedgwick counties. Status in west poorly known; not reported +at Garden City by Marvin D. Schwilling.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Passerella iliaca.</i> Fox Sparrow. Fairly common transient and +uncommon winter resident in east; probably occurs in west but +status there poorly known.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. i. iliaca</i> (Merrem); other subspecies may be found +in west when specimens become available.</p></div> + +<p><i>Melospiza lincolnii.</i> Lincoln Sparrow. Common transient and +uncommon winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. l. lincolnii</i> (Audubon) throughout state; <i>M. l. +alticola</i> (Miller and McCabe) in extreme west.</p></div> + +<p><i>Melospiza georgiana.</i> Swamp Sparrow. Common transient and +uncommon winter resident in east. Western limit of range in +Kansas not known (rare transient in Cloud and Finney counties—Porter +and Schwilling).</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. g. georgiana</i> (Latham), <i>M. g. ericrypta</i> Oberholser.</p></div> + +<p><i>Melospiza melodia.</i> Song Sparrow. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>M. m. euphonia</i> Wetmore, <i>M. m. juddi</i> Bishop, <i>M. m. +montana</i> Henshaw.</p></div> + +<p><i>Rhynchophanes mccownii</i> (Lawrence). McCown Longspur. +Transient, common in west, rare in east, and winter resident, uncommon +in west, rare in east.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Calcarius lapponicus.</i> Lapland Longspur. Common transient +and winter resident throughout state.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>C. l. lapponicus</i> (Linnaeus) is the common form; +<i>C. l. alascensis</i> Ridgway occurs uncommonly (specimens from Douglas and +Hamilton counties).</p></div> + +<p><i>Calcarius pictus</i> (Swainson). Smith Longspur. Fairly common<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[Pg 354]</a></span> +transient and locally common winter resident except in extreme +east, where rare.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p>* <i>Calcarius ornatus</i> (Townsend). Chestnut-collared Longspur. +Common transient and winter resident in west, uncommon in east. +Formerly, at least, occurred in summer in High Plains of west; nests +found in Ellis County in 1871 by J. A. Allen. No recent records in +summer.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>No subspecies recognized.</p></div> + +<p><i>Plectrophenax nivalis.</i> Snow Bunting. Winter visitant at irregular +and, sometimes, long intervals. No specimens preserved in +state since 1879.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Subspecies in Kansas: <i>P. n. nivalis</i> (Linnaeus).</p></div> + +<p> </p> +<p> <i>Transmitted May 19, 1955.</i></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 100%;"> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span></p> +<h2>Index to Common Names</h2> + + +<div class="blockquot"><p> +Acadian Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Alder Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +American Bittern, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +American Coot, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +American Egret, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +American Knot, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +American Magpie, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +American Merganser, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +American Raven, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +American Redstart, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +American Woodcock, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Arizona Jay, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Ash-throated Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Audubon Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Avocet, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +<br> +Baird Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Baird Sparrow, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Bald Eagle, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Baldpate, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Baltimore Oriole, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Bank Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Barn Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +Barn Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Barred Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +Bay-breasted Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Bell Vireo, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Belted Kingfisher, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Bewick Wren, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Black and White Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Black-bellied Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Black-billed Cuckoo, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +blackbirds, <a href="#Page_346">346-348</a><br> +Blackburnian Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Black-capped Chickadee, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Black-capped Vireo, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Black-crowned Night Heron, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Black Duck, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Black-headed Grosbeak, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Black-necked Stilt, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Black-poll Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Black Rail, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +Black Tern, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Black-throated Blue Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Black-throated Gray Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Black-throated Green Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Black-throated Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Black Vulture, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Blue Goose, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Blue Grosbeak, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Blue Jay, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Blue-winged Teal, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Blue-winged Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Bobolink, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Bob-white, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Bohemian Waxwing, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Bonaparte Gull, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Brant, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Brewer Blackbird, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Brewer Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Broad-winged Hawk, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Bronzed Grackle, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Brown Creeper, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Brown Pelican, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +Brown Thrasher, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Buff-breasted Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Buffle-head, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Bullock Oriole, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +buntings, <a href="#Page_348">348-354</a><br> +Burrowing Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +<br> +California Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Calliope Hummingbird, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Canada Goose, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +Canada Warbler, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Canvas-back, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Cape May Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Cardinal, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Carolina Chickadee, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Carolina Paroquet, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Carolina Wren, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Caspian Tern, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Cassin Kingbird, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Cassin Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Catbird, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Cedar Waxwing, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Cerulean Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Chestnut-backed Bluebird, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Chestnut-collared Longspur, <a href="#Page_354">354</a><br> +Chestnut-sided Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +chickadees, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Chimney Swift, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Chipping Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Chuck-will's-widow, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Cinnamon Teal, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Clark Nutcracker, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Clay-colored Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Cliff Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Common Loon, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Common Scoter, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Common Tern, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Cooper Hawk, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +cormorants, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +corvids, <a href="#Page_336">336-337</a><br> +Cowbird, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +cranes, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Crested Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +crossbills, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Crow, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +cuckoos, <a href="#Page_329">329-330</a><br> +<br> +Dickcissel, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Double-crested Cormorant, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +doves, <a href="#Page_328">328-329</a><br> +Downy Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Duck Hawk, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +ducks, <a href="#Page_314">314-317</a><br> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[Pg 356]</a></span> +<br> +eagles, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Eared Grebe, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Eastern Bluebird, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Eastern Goldfinch, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Eastern Kingbird, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Eastern Meadowlark, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Eastern Phoebe, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Eastern Wood Pewee, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Eider, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +English Sparrow, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Eskimo Curlew, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +European Widgeon, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Evening Grosbeak, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +<br> +falcons, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Ferruginous Rough-leg, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Field Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +finches, <a href="#Page_348">348-354</a><br> +Flamingo, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +Florida Gallinule, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +flycatchers, <a href="#Page_333">333-335</a><br> +Forster Tern, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Fox Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +Franklin Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Fulvous Tree-duck, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +<br> +Gadwall, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +geese, <a href="#Page_313">313-314</a><br> +Glaucous Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +goatsuckers, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Golden-crowned Kinglet, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Golden Eagle, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Golden-eye, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Golden Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Golden-winged Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Goshawk, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Grasshopper Sparrow, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Gray-cheeked Thrush, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Great Blue Heron, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +Greater Prairie Chicken, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Greater Scaup Duck, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Greater Yellow-legs, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +grebes, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Green Heron, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Green-tailed Towhee, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Green-winged Teal, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Groove-billed Ani, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +grosbeaks, <a href="#Page_348">348-349</a><br> +Ground Dove, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +grouse, <a href="#Page_320">320-321</a><br> +gulls, <a href="#Page_327">327-328</a><br> +Gyrfalcon, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +<br> +Hairy Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Harris Hawk, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Harris Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +Hawk Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +hawks, <a href="#Page_318">318-320</a><br> +Henslow Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Hermit Thrush, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +herons, <a href="#Page_311">311-312</a><br> +Herring Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Hooded Merganser, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Hooded Oriole, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Hooded Warbler, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Horned Grebe, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Horned Lark, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Horned Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +House Finch, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +House Wren, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Hudsonian Curlew, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Hudsonian Godwit, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +hummingbirds, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +<br> +ibises, <a href="#Page_312">312-313</a><br> +Inca Dove, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Indigo Bunting, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +<br> +jaegers, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +jays, <a href="#Page_336">336-337</a><br> +juncos, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +<br> +Kentucky Warbler, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +Killdeer, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +King Eider, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +kingfisher, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +kinglets, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +King Rail, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +kites, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Kittiwake, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +<br> +Ladder-backed Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Lapland Longspur, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +lark, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Lark Bunting, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Lark Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Laughing Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Lazuli Bunting, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Least Bittern, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Least Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Least Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Least Tern, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Leconte Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Lesser Prairie Chicken, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Lesser Scaup Duck, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Lesser Yellow-legs, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Lewis Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Lincoln Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +Little Blue Heron, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Loggerhead Shrike, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Long-billed Curlew, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Long-billed Dowitcher, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Long-billed Marsh Wren, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Long-eared Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +longspurs, <a href="#Page_353">353-354</a><br> +Long-tailed Jaeger, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +loons, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Louisiana Heron, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Louisiana Water-thrush, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +<br> +Macgillivray Warbler, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +Magnolia Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +magpie, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Mallard, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Man-o'-war-bird, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +Marbled Godwit, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Marsh Hawk, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +McCown Longspur, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +meadowlarks, <a href="#Page_346">346-347</a> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span><br> +Mexican Cormorant, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +Mississippi Kite, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Mockingbird, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Mottled Duck, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Mountain Bluebird, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Mountain Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Mourning Dove, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Mourning Warbler, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +Myrtle Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +<br> +Nashville Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Nighthawk, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Northern Phalarope, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Northern Shrike, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Northern Water-thrush, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +nuthatches, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +<br> +Old-squaw, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Olive-backed Thrush, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Olive-sided Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Orange-crowned Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Orchard Oriole, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Oregon Junco, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +orioles, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Osprey, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Oven-bird, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +owls, <a href="#Page_330">330-331</a><br> +<br> +Painted Bunting, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Palm Warbler, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +Parula Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +Passenger Pigeon, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Pectoral Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +pelicans, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +phalaropes, <a href="#Page_326">326-327</a><br> +Philadelphia Vireo, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Pied-billed Grebe, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Pigeon Hawk, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +pigeons, <a href="#Page_328">328-329</a><br> +Pileated Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Pine Grosbeak, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Pine Siskin, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Pine Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Pine-woods Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Piñon Jay, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Pintail, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Piping Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +pipits, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +plovers, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Pomarine Jaeger, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Poor-will, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Prairie Falcon, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Prairie Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Prothonotary Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Purple Finch, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Purple Gallinule, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +Purple Martin, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +<br> +quail, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +<br> +rails, <a href="#Page_321">321-322</a><br> +ravens, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Red-backed Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Red-bellied Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Red-breasted Merganser, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Red-breasted Nuthatch, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Red Crossbill, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Red-eyed Towhee, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Red-eyed Vireo, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Redhead, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Red-headed Woodpecker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Red-necked Grebe, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Red Phalarope, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Redpoll, <a href="#Page_349">349</a><br> +Red-shafted Flicker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Red-shouldered Hawk, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Red-tailed Hawk, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Red-throated Loon, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Red-wing, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Ring-billed Gull, <a href="#Page_327">327</a><br> +Ring-necked Duck, <a href="#Page_316">316</a><br> +Ring-necked Pheasant, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Road-runner, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Robin, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Rock Dove, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Rock Wren, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Roseate Spoonbill, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +Rose-breasted Grosbeak, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Ross Goose, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +Rough-legged Hawk, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +Rough-winged Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Ruby-crowned Kinglet, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Ruby-throated Hummingbird, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Ruddy Duck, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Ruddy Turnstone, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Ruffed Grouse, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +Rufous-crowned Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Rusty Blackbird, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +<br> +Sabine Gull, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +Sage Thrasher, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Sanderling, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Sandhill Crane, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +sandpipers, <a href="#Page_323">323-326</a><br> +Savannah Sparrow, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Saw-whet Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +Say Phoebe, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Scaled Quail, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Scarlet Tanager, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Screech Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +Scrub Jay, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Semipalmated Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Semipalmated Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Sharp-shinned Hawk, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Sharp-tailed Grouse, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Sharp-tailed Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Short-billed Dowitcher, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Short-billed Marsh Wren, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +Short-eared Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +shrikes, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Shoveller, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Slate-colored Junco, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Smith Longspur, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +Snow Bunting, <a href="#Page_354">354</a><br> +Snow Goose, <a href="#Page_314">314</a> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span><br> +Snowy Egret, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +Snowy Owl, <a href="#Page_330">330</a><br> +Snowy Plover, <a href="#Page_323">323</a><br> +Solitary Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Solitary Vireo, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Song Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +Sora, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +Sparrow Hawk, <a href="#Page_320">320</a><br> +sparrows, <a href="#Page_348">348-354</a><br> +Spotted Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Sprague Pipit, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Starling, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Steller Jay, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +Stilt Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +Summer Tanager, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Surf Scoter, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Swainson Hawk, <a href="#Page_319">319</a><br> +swallows, <a href="#Page_335">335-336</a><br> +Swallow-tailed Kite, <a href="#Page_318">318</a><br> +Swamp Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +swans, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +swift, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Sycamore Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +<br> +tanagers, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Tennessee Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +terns, <a href="#Page_328">328</a><br> +thrashers, <a href="#Page_338">338</a><br> +thrushes, <a href="#Page_339">339-340</a><br> +towhees, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +Townsend Solitaire, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Townsend Warbler, <a href="#Page_344">344</a><br> +Tree Sparrow, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +Tree Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Trumpeter Swan, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +Tufted Titmouse, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Turkey, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Turkey Vulture, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +<br> +Upland Plover, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +<br> +Varied Thrush, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Veery, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Vesper Sparrow, <a href="#Page_351">351</a><br> +Violet-green Swallow, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +vireos, <a href="#Page_341">341-342</a><br> +Virginia Rail, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +Virginia Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a><br> +vultures, <a href="#Page_317">317-318</a><br> +<br> +warblers, <a href="#Page_342">342-346</a><br> +Warbling Vireo, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +Water Pipit, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Water-turkey, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +waxwings, <a href="#Page_340">340</a><br> +Western Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Western Grebe, <a href="#Page_310">310</a><br> +Western Kingbird, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Western Meadowlark, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Western Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Western Tanager, <a href="#Page_348">348</a><br> +Western Wood Pewee, <a href="#Page_335">335</a><br> +Whip-poor-will, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Whistling Swan, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +White-breasted Nuthatch, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +White-crowned Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +White-eyed Vireo, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +White-faced Glossy Ibis, <a href="#Page_313">313</a><br> +White-fronted Goose, <a href="#Page_314">314</a><br> +White-necked Raven, <a href="#Page_336">336</a><br> +White Pelican, <a href="#Page_311">311</a><br> +White-rumped Sandpiper, <a href="#Page_325">325</a><br> +White-throated Sparrow, <a href="#Page_353">353</a><br> +White-winged Crossbill, <a href="#Page_350">350</a><br> +White-winged Junco, <a href="#Page_352">352</a><br> +White-winged Scoter, <a href="#Page_317">317</a><br> +Whooping Crane, <a href="#Page_321">321</a><br> +Willet, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Williamson Sapsucker, <a href="#Page_333">333</a><br> +Wilson Phalarope, <a href="#Page_326">326</a><br> +Wilson Snipe, <a href="#Page_324">324</a><br> +Wilson Warbler, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Winter Wren, <a href="#Page_337">337</a><br> +Wood Duck, <a href="#Page_315">315</a><br> +Wood Ibis, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +woodpeckers, <a href="#Page_331">331-333</a><br> +Wood Thrush, <a href="#Page_339">339</a><br> +Worm-eating Warbler, <a href="#Page_342">342</a><br> +wrens, <a href="#Page_337">337-338</a><br> +Wright Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +<br> +Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, <a href="#Page_334">334</a><br> +Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, <a href="#Page_332">332</a><br> +Yellow-billed Cuckoo, <a href="#Page_329">329</a><br> +Yellow-breasted Chat, <a href="#Page_346">346</a><br> +Yellow-crowned Night Heron, <a href="#Page_312">312</a><br> +Yellow-headed Blackbird, <a href="#Page_347">347</a><br> +Yellow Rail, <a href="#Page_322">322</a><br> +Yellow-shafted Flicker, <a href="#Page_331">331</a><br> +Yellow-throat, <a href="#Page_345">345</a><br> +Yellow-throated Vireo, <a href="#Page_341">341</a><br> +Yellow Warbler, <a href="#Page_343">343</a> +</p></div> + + + + + +<hr style="width: 100%;"> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1024px;"> +<img src="images/kansasmap.jpg" width="1024" height="672" alt="Map of Kansas" title="Map of Kansas"> +<span class="caption"><span class="smcap">Fig. 1.</span> Map of Kansas showing names of counties.</span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 100%;"> +<h2>UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS,<br> +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY</h2> + +<p>Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this +series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, +Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular +field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural +History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for +sale of this series by the University Library which meets institutional requests, +or by the Museum of Natural History which meets the requests of individuals. +However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should +be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for +the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.</p> + +<p>* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's +supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:</p> + + + +<p>Vol. 1.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.<br> +<br> +Index. Pp. 605-638.</p> +</div> + + +<p>*Vol. 2.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>(Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 1-444, +140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.</p> +</div> + + +<p>Vol. 3.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>*1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and distribution. By Rollin +H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures in text. June 12, 1951.<br> +<br> +*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. By George H. +Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. June 29, 1951.<br> +<br> +3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale Arvey. Pp. 473-530, +49 figures in text, 13 tables. October 10, 1951.<br> +<br> +4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. Lowery, Jr., and +Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October +10, 1951.<br> +<br> +Index. Pp. 651-681.</p> +</div> + + +<p>*Vol. 4.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>(Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, 41 plates, +31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.</p> +</div> + + +<p>Vol. 5.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels Peak area, New +Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 1-11, 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951.<br> +<br> +2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas. By Rollin H. +Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951.<br> +<br> +3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado. By E. Raymond +Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32. February 28, 1951.<br> +<br> +4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier beach of +Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. +October 1, 1951.<br> +<br> +5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North +American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. +October 1, 1951.<br> +<br> +6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and Colorado. +By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951.<br> +<br> +7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and comments on +Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. +73-79. October 1, 1951.<br> +<br> +8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern Colorado. By E. +Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951.<br> +<br> +9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 87-117, +1 figure in text. November 28, 1951.<br> +<br> +*10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. +119-202. 68 figures in text. December 15, 1951.<br> +<br> +11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas. By E. Lendell +Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951.<br> +<br> +12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 207-218. +December 15, 1951.<br> +<br> +13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and Colorado. +By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222. December 15, 1951.<br> +<br> +14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 223-226. +December 15, 1951.<br> +<br> +15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeëssa. By E. Raymond +Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952.<br> +<br> +16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American +woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April +10, 1952.<br> +<br> +17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster. By +Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250, 1 figure in text. April 10, 1952.<br> +<br> +18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with description of new subspecies. +By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952.<br> +<br> +19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills. By John A. +White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952.<br> +<br> +20. A new piñon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico. By Robert +B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267. May 23, 1952.<br> +<br> +21. An annotated checklist of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L. Webb and J. Knox +Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952.<br> +<br> +22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus Clethrionomys) of the southern +Rocky Mountain region. By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. +Pp. 281-292, 1 figure in text. November 15, 1952.<br> +<br> +23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of North American +microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. +November 17, 1952.<br> +<br> +24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths. By E. Raymond Hall +and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-317. November 21, 1952.<br> +<br> +25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American +marsupials, insectivores, and carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith +R. Kelson. Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952.<br> +<br> +26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of some North American +rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. +December 15, 1952.<br> +<br> +27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents. By E. Raymond Hall +and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498, 149 figures in text. January 15, 1953.<br> +<br> +28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. +Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text. June 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus fasciatus. By +J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures in text. August 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from Colorado. By +Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, 2 figures in text. August 15, 1953.<br> +<br> +31. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys from Jalisco, Mexico. +By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 535-542. October 15, 1953.<br> +<br> +32. Genera and subgenera of chipmunks. By John A. White. Pp. 543-561, 12 +figures in text. December 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +33. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus. +By John A. White. Pp. 563-582, 6 figures in text. December 1, +1953.<br> +<br> +34. Geographic distribution and taxonomy of the chipmunks of Wyoming. By +John A. White. Pp. 584-610, 3 figures in text. December 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +35. The baculum of the chipmunks of western North America. By John A. +White. Pp. 611-631, 19 figures in text. December 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +36. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. By +James S. Findley. Pp. 633-639. December 1, 1953.<br> +<br> +37. Seventeen species of bats recorded from Barro Colorado Island, Panama Canal +Zone. By E. Raymond Hall and William B. Jackson. Pp. 641-646. December +1, 1953.<br> +<br> +Index. Pp. 647-676.</p> +</div> + + +<p>*Vol. 6.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>(Complete) Mammals of Utah, <i>taxonomy and distribution</i>. By Stephen D. Durrant. +Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, 30 tables. August 10, 1952.</p> +</div> + + +<p>Vol. 7.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>*1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, 73 figures in text, +37 tables. August 25, 1952.<br> +<br> +2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern Kansas. By Henry +S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August +24, 1953.<br> +<br> +3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. +Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. February 15, 1954.<br> +<br> +4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. Krutzsch. Pp. +349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. April 21, 1954.<br> +<br> +5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker and James S. Findley. +Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954.<br> +<br> +6. Distribution of some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. +April 21, 1954.<br> +<br> +7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse, Microtus montanus, in Wyoming +and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July +23, 1954.<br> +<br> +8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern California and +Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 507-512. July 23, 1954.<br> +<br> +9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. By Terry A. Vaughn. +Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, 12 tables. November 15, 1954.<br> +<br> +10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. +Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954.<br> +<br> +11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. +587-590. November 15, 1954.<br> +<br> +12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys castanops, in Coahuila, +Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. +March 15, 1955.<br> +<br> +13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin +H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. April 8, 1955.<br> +<br> +14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. By James S. Findley. +Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955.<br> +<br> +15. Distribution and systematic position of the pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani. +By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 619-624, 2 figs. in +text. June 10, 1955.<br> +<br> +Index. Pp. 625-651.</p> +</div> + +<p>Vol. 8.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink, Eumeces fasciatus. By Henry +S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 2 pls., 26 figs. in text, 17 tables. September 1, 1954.<br> +<br> +2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a taxonomic study. +By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211, 23 figures in text, 4 tables. November +15, 1954.<br> +<br> +3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris). By Henry +S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in text. February 10, 1956.<br> +<br> +4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne olivacea. By Henry +S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in text. February 10, 1956.<br> +<br> +5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B. Tordoff. Pp. 307-359, 1 +figure in text. March 10, 1956.<br> +<br> +More numbers will appear in volume 8.</p> +</div> + +<p>Vol. 9.</p> + +<div class="cblockquot"> +<p>1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. Pp. 1-68, 18 +figures in text. December 10, 1955.<br> +<br> +2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals from Utah. By +Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. +December 10, 1955.<br> +<br> +3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern Mexico. By Rollin +H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.<br> +<br> +More numbers will appear in volume 9.</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Check-list of the Birds of Kansas, by +Harrison B Tordoff + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + +***** This file should be named 34429-h.htm or 34429-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/4/2/34429/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Check-list of the Birds of Kansas + +Author: Harrison B Tordoff + +Release Date: November 24, 2010 [EBook #34429] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + ================================================================== + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text + ---------------------- March 10, 1956 ---------------------- + + + Check-list of the Birds of Kansas + + BY + HARRISON B. TORDOFF + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + LAWRENCE + 1956 + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, + Robert W. Wilson + + Volume 8, No. 5, pp. 307-359, 1 figure + Published March 10, 1956 + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + Lawrence, Kansas + + + PRINTED BY + FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER + TOPEKA, KANSAS + 1956 + + 25-9006 + + + + + CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS + + By + Harrison B. Tordoff + + +Kansas was one of the first states for which a detailed book on birds +was published (N. S. Goss, "History of the Birds of Kansas," Topeka, +Kansas, 1891). Ornithological progress in Kansas in recent years, +however, has not kept pace with work in many other states. As a result, +knowledge of the birds of Kansas today is not sufficiently detailed to +make possible a modern, definitive report. One purpose of this +check-list is to show gaps in our information on birds of the state. +Each student of birds can contribute importantly by keeping accurate +records of nesting, distribution, and migration of any species in Kansas +and by making these records available through publication in appropriate +journals. The Museum of Natural History at the University of Kansas +solicits records and specimens which contribute to our knowledge of +birds in Kansas. Files and collections at the Museum are available to +any qualified person for study. + +The last state-wide list of birds was prepared by W. S. Long (Trans. +Kansas Acad. Sci., 43, 1940:433-456). This list and the unpublished +thesis from which the list was abstracted have been of great value in +preparing the present report. Many other persons have contributed and +among these the names of the following must be mentioned because of the +value of their contributions: Ivan L. Boyd, L. B. Carson, Arthur L. +Goodrich, Jr., Richard Graber, Jean Graber, Harold C. Hedges, R. F. +Miller, John M. Porter, and Marvin D. Schwilling. + +Full standing in this check-list has been given only to species for +which at least one specimen from Kansas has been examined by some +qualified student. Exceptions to this admittedly arbitrary rule have +been made in three cases, Trumpeter Swan, Turkey, and Carolina Paroquet, +because there is no reason to doubt that each of these three species +once occurred in Kansas and because opportunity for obtaining specimens +from Kansas has been lost through disappearance of the species from the +state. Other species reported from the state but not authenticated by +specimens have been relegated to the Hypothetical List and their names +and my remarks concerning these birds are enclosed in brackets. This +procedure is intended to encourage collection of such species; it is not +intended necessarily to indicate doubt of a record. In the case of a +carefully identified but uncollected accidental, opportunity for +obtaining a specimen may not exist again for a long period. This is +unfortunate but emphasizes the need for judicious collecting. + +A total of 375 species (or 459 species and subspecies), of which four +are introduced, is included in this check-list. Additionally, 15 species +are discussed in the Hypothetical List. An asterisk (*) preceding an +account indicates positive evidence of breeding in Kansas of the species +so marked. The total of species known to have bred at least once in the +state is 173. Nomenclature in this list follows the American +Ornithologists' Union "Check-List of North American Birds" (1931, 4th +edition) and its supplements. Species on the Hypothetical List are +included in their current taxonomic position in the main list. + + +_Gavia immer_ (Bruennich). Common Loon. Uncommon transient throughout +state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Gavia stellata_ (Pontoppidan). Red-throated Loon. Rare transient. One +specimen: female (Univ. Michigan Mus. Zool. 65778), Marais des Cygnes +River, near Ottawa, Franklin County, October 20, 1925, Captain Joe R. +White. Several sight records from Shawnee and Johnson counties within +past 10 years. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Colymbus grisegena._ Red-necked Grebe. Rare transient. One specimen: +female (KU 7697), Kansas River east of Lawrence, Douglas County, October +29, 1910, Logan I. Evans. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. holboellii_ (Reinhardt). + + +_Colymbus auritus._ Horned Grebe. Rare transient. Two authentic +specimens: Manhattan, Riley County, September 30, 1878; male (KU 27465), +2-1/2 miles north of Lawrence, Douglas County, November 16, 1945, E. C. +Olson and Ralph L. Montell. Several sight records, from eastern, +central, and western Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. cornutus_ Gmelin. + + +_Colymbus caspicus._ Eared Grebe. Regular transient throughout state; +more common than Horned Grebe. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. californicus_ (Heermann). + + +_Aechmophorus occidentalis_ (Lawrence). Western Grebe. Rare transient, +perhaps more common in west but status poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Podilymbus podiceps._ Pied-billed Grebe. Common transient and +irregular summer resident, rare winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. podiceps_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Pelecanus erythrorhynchos_ Gmelin. White Pelican. Common transient +throughout state. Occasional individuals, probably sick or wounded, +remain beyond normal migration periods in spring and fall. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pelecanus occidentalis._ Brown Pelican. Accidental. One specimen: +adult, sex not determined (KU 10468), Parker, Linn County, June, 1916, +found dead by G. G. McConnell. One seen at Wichita, Sedgwick County, by +R. H. Sullivan, April 25, 1910. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. carolinensis_ Gmelin. + + +* _Phalacrocorax auritus._ Double-crested Cormorant. Regular transient, +in small to moderate numbers. One nesting record: several nests, eggs, +and small young seen, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, August, 1951, +Otto Tiemeier. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. auritus_ (Lesson). + + +_Phalacrocorax olivaceus._ Mexican Cormorant. Accidental. One record: +specimen taken 4 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, April 2, 1872. +Present location unknown but specimen identified by S. F. Baird and R. +Ridgway. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. o. mexicanus_ (Brandt). + + +_Anhinga anhinga._ Water-turkey. Accidental. Several specimens and sight +observations are on record but most are prior to 1900. Several records +and one specimen at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, since 1928 (Frank +Robl). In recent years, some reported Water-turkeys have proved to be +cormorants. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. leucogaster_ (Vieillot). + + +_Fregata magnificens._ Man-o'-war-bird. Accidental. One record: specimen +(present location unknown) taken on the North Fork of the Solomon River, +Osborne County, August 16, 1880, by Frank Lewis. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. m. rothschildi_ Mathews. + + +* _Ardea herodias._ Great Blue Heron. Common transient and summer +resident nesting in widely scattered colonies. + + Subspecies in Kansas: three reported, _A. h. herodias_ Linnaeus in + northeast, _A. h. wardi_ Ridgway in southeast, and _A. h. + treganzai_ Court in west, but status of these poorly known because + of lack of sufficient breeding specimens. + + +_Casmerodius albus._ American Egret. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; occasional spring and summer resident. No definite nesting +record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. egretta_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Leucophoyx thula._ Snowy Egret. Regular postbreeding summer visitant; +rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. One nesting +record: two nests found, summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles +west of Garden City, Finney County, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. t. thula_ (Molina). + + +_Hydranassa tricolor._ Louisiana Heron. Accidental. Two records: +specimen taken at Lake Inman, McPherson County, August 9, 1934, by R. E. +Mohler and Richard H. Schmidt; one seen, 1-1/2 miles south of Iatan +Marsh, Atchison County (near Iatan, Missouri), September 12, 1948, first +reported by R. F. Miller and Mr. and Mrs. Ivan L. Boyd, seen by several +other observers. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. t. ruficollis_ (Gosse). + + +* _Florida caerulea._ Little Blue Heron. Regular postbreeding summer +visitant; rare and local summer resident; occasional in spring. Usually +more common than Snowy Egret. One nesting record: one nest found, +summer, 1952, 6 miles north and 4-1/2 miles west of Garden City, Finney +County, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Butorides virescens._ Green Heron. Common transient and summer +resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virescens_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Nycticorax nycticorax._ Black-crowned Night Heron. Transient and +summer resident, breeding in scattered colonies. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. n. hoactli_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Nyctanassa violacea._ Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Summer resident +throughout state, rare in north; numbers perhaps augmented in late +summer by postbreeding stragglers. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. v. violacea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Botaurus lentiginosus_ (Rackett). American Bittern. Common transient; +summer resident locally. Two definite nesting records: nest with 4 newly +hatched young (male collected, KU 30468), 1/2 mile east and 2 miles +south of Welda, Anderson County, June 9, 1951, Maurice F. Baker; nest +with eggs, 6 miles north and 3-1/2 miles west of Kalvesta, Finney +County, summer, 1952, Raymond Erkic (_fide_ Marvin D. Schwilling). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Ixobrychus exilis._ Least Bittern. Transient and irregular summer +resident. Two nests found at Lake Quivira, Johnson County, June 3, 1949, +Harold C. Hedges; on June 28, one of the nests contained 4 eggs, on July +10 this nest was empty. No other definite nesting records. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. e. exilis_ (Gmelin). + + + +_Mycteria americana_ Linnaeus. Wood Ibis. Accidental. Several sight +records and one specimen: male (KU 9489), 5 miles north-*east of +Goodland, Sherman County, October 4, 1913, Willis Feaster. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Plegadis mexicana_ (Gmelin). White-faced Glossy Ibis. Irregular +transient and summer visitant; more common in west. One definite nesting +record: photograph of downy young ("Kansas Fish and Game," vol. 9, no. +3, Jan. 1952, p. 7) taken at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, presumably +in summer of 1951, by L. O. Nossaman. Frank Robl has seen individuals in +summer in Cheyenne Bottoms on many occasions. Reports of Eastern Glossy +Ibis (_Plegadis falcinellus_) in Kansas probably are based on dark-faced +immatures of the present species, although the eastern species has been +taken in Oklahoma. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ajaia ajaja_ (Linnaeus). Roseate Spoonbill. Accidental. One authentic +specimen (present location not known): male, near Douglass, on Four-Mile +Creek, Butler County, March 20, 1899, taken by Dr. R. Matthews, +identification verified by Jerold Volk and Wilfred Goodman. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Phoenicopterus ruber_ Linnaeus. Flamingo. Accidental. Two birds seen in +autumn, 1928, at Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, one of which was +killed on opening day of duck season and now (1955) is mounted at Kansas +Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission headquarters at Pratt. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Olor columbianus_ (Ord). Whistling Swan. Transient and winter resident, +formerly common, now rare. Many specimens are on record; at least four +were taken in winter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Olor buccinator_ (Richardson). Trumpeter Swan. Formerly occasional +migrant, no longer occurs in Kansas. All specimens from Kansas alleged +to be of this species are actually Whistling Swans. The early sight +records seem valid, however, and the species should remain on the state +list. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Branta canadensis._ Canada Goose. Common transient; some winter in +suitable places. This species was found nesting along the Missouri River +near Atchison by early explorers. Modern breeding records probably +pertain to captives or their descendants. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. moffitti_ Aldrich, _B. c. + leucopareia_ (Brandt), _B. c. minima_ Ridgway, and _B. c. + hutchinsi_ (Richardson) have been collected in Kansas. + Additionally, subspecies _interior_ Todd and _parvipes_ (Cassin) + probably pass through the state but no specimens have been saved. + Canada Geese of widely varying size are regularly seen in + migration. + + +_Branta bernicla._ Brant. Accidental. Several sight records and one +specimen: unsexed bird (KU 7490), Leavenworth County, November 15, 1879, +A. Lange. Some hunters refer to immature Blue Geese as "brant." Orville +O. Rice saw 4 brant 2 miles north of Burlington, near the Neosho River, +Coffey County, March 24, 1955, that appeared to be Black Brant, _Branta +nigricans_ (Lawrence). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. b. hrota_ (Mueller). + + +_Anser albifrons._ White-fronted Goose. Regular transient throughout +state, more common in central and western parts. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. frontalis_ Baird. + + +_Chen hyperborea._ Snow Goose. Common transient throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. hyperborea_ (Pallas). + + +_Chen caerulescens_ (Linnaeus). Blue Goose. Common transient in east, +less common in central and western parts of state. In east, this species +predominates in early spring migration whereas the Snow Goose is most +numerous later. Hybrids between the two are regularly seen. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Chen rossii_ (Cassin). Ross Goose. One reported at Wyandotte County +Lake, November 22, 1951, by John Bishop. Placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen.] + + +_Dendrocygna bicolor._ Fulvous Tree-duck. Accidental. Frank Robl +carefully examined and identified three specimens killed in 1929 or +1930, in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. None saved. Specimens +collected also in nearby areas of Missouri. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. b. helva_ Wetmore and Peters, on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Anas platyrhynchos._ Mallard. Abundant transient, regular winter +resident, irregular and local summer resident. Modern breeding +distribution poorly known but several nests found in widely scattered +areas in past years. Nests regularly in Kearny, Finney, and Barton +counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. platyrhynchos_ Linnaeus. + + +_Anas rubripes_ Brewster. Black Duck. Regular but rare or uncommon +transient and winter resident in east and central (Cheyenne Bottoms, +Barton County) sections. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas fulvigula._ Mottled Duck. Accidental. Four specimens allegedly of +this species have been reported. Of these, two are actually Mallards, +one is a Gadwall, and one, female, Neosho Falls, Woodson County, March +11, 1876, Goss, is a Mottled Duck. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. maculosa_ Sennett. + + +_Anas strepera_ Linnaeus. Gadwall. Transient and occasional winter +resident throughout state. Rare summer resident but no satisfactory +nesting record reported. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Anas acuta_ Linnaeus. Pintail. Abundant transient throughout state, +irregular winter resident, local summer resident nesting in recent years +in Barton, Finney, Meade, and Leavenworth counties, but summer +distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas carolinensis_ Gmelin. Green-winged Teal. Common transient, rare +winter resident (records from Meade County and Kansas City). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Anas discors_ Linnaeus. Blue-winged Teal. Common transient, locally +common summer resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Anas cyanoptera._ Cinnamon Teal. Rare transient in east, uncommon or +fairly common transient in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. septentrionalis_ Snyder and Lumsden. + + +* _Spatula clypeata_ (Linnaeus). Shoveller. Common transient throughout +state. Frank Robl found a female with young in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton +County, in approximately 1930. Nest with eggs found 1-1/2 miles south of +Friend, Finney County, in spring, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Mareca penelope_ (Linnaeus). European Widgeon. Carl and David Holmes +reported a pair at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 16, 1954. Placed +on Hypothetical List until a specimen is taken.] + + +_Mareca americana_ (Gmelin). Baldpate. Common transient throughout +state, rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Aix sponsa_ (Linnaeus). Wood Duck. Transient, rare in west to locally +common in extreme east. Summer resident in eastern part of state; +breeding distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Aythya americana_ (Eyton). Redhead. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. Frank Robl found a nesting +pair in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in 1928 (approximate). The +adults were neither captives nor cripples. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya collaris_ (Donovan). Ring-necked Duck. Fairly common transient +throughout state, rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya valisineria_ (Wilson). Canvas-back. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Aythya marila._ Greater Scaup Duck. Rare transient, status poorly +known. Several sight records, one in winter. Floyd T. Amsden, a +competent sportsman and amateur ornithologist of Wichita, identified 3 +male specimens killed 3 miles north and 1 mile east of Sharon, Barber +County, on October 27 (2) and November 3 (1), 1951. Frank Robl has seen +specimens killed in Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County. Every effort should +be made to preserve specimens from Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. m. nearctica_ Stejneger, on geographical + grounds. + + +_Aythya affinis_ (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Common transient throughout +state. A few records of wintering and summering (non-*breeding) +individuals. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Bucephala clangula._ Golden-eye. Uncommon transient and winter +resident. Specimens from Kansas alleged to be the Barrow Golden-eye +(_Bucephala islandica_) all are of the present species. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. c. americana_ (Bonaparte). + + +_Bucephala albeola_ (Linnaeus). Buffle-head. Fairly common transient and +occasional winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Clangula hyemalis_ (Linnaeus). Old-squaw. Rare transient and winter +visitant. At least five specimens taken (but only two or three +preserved) and numerous sight records, from widely separated parts of +state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Somateria mollissima._ Eider. Accidental. One record: immature male (KU +3620), Kansas River near Lecompton, Douglas County, November 3, 1891, A. +L. Wiedman. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. v. nigra_ Bonaparte (identification + checked by A. Wetmore). + + +_Somateria spectabilis_ (Linnaeus). King Eider. Accidental. One record: +immature male (KU 27487), Kansas River 1 mile east of Lawrence, Douglas +County, November 27, 1947, R. L. Montell. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Melanitta deglandi._ White-winged Scoter. Rare transient. Nine +specimens from Douglas and Leavenworth counties, taken from 1927 to +1938; several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. d. deglandi_ (Bonaparte). + + +_Melanitta perspicillata_ (Linnaeus). Surf Scoter. Rare transient. Eight +known specimens (three of which are now in University of Kansas +collection), all taken in autumn, seven in Douglas County, one in +Sedgwick County; several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oidemia nigra._ Common Scoter. Accidental. The two preserved specimens +from Kansas supposedly of this species are actually Surf Scoters. L. B. +Carson, however, identified an adult male Common Scoter killed by a +hunter at Horton Lake, Brown County, in the early 1930's. Others have +been seen by reliable field observers. Every effort should be made to +secure specimens from Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. n. americana_ Swainson, on geographical + grounds. + + +* _Oxyura jamaicensis._ Ruddy Duck. Common transient throughout state, +rare winter resident. One breeding record: Frank Robl saw an adult +female with one small young at Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, in +approximately 1929. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. j. rubida_ (Wilson). + + +_Lophodytes cucullatus_ (Linnaeus). Hooded Merganser. Uncommon transient +and winter resident throughout state. Probably nests occasionally (two +specimens at KU taken in east in June), but no proof of this available. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Mergus merganser._ American Merganser. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. americanus_ Cassin. + + +_Mergus serrator._ Red-breasted Merganser. Uncommon transient throughout +state; probably also rare winter resident but records lacking. This +species is more common than Hooded Merganser in west, less common than +Hooded in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. s. serrator_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Cathartes aura._ Turkey Vulture. Common transient throughout state; +common summer resident west at least to Clark County. Breeding +distribution in west poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. teter_ Friedmann. + + +_Coragyps atratus_ (Meyer). Black Vulture. Once occurred in southeast, +but no record since 1885. Goss quotes Dr. George Lisle ("a close +observer") as finding this species common and breeding at Chetopa, +Labette County, on the Oklahoma line, prior to 1883. Lisle found a nest +with two eggs in 1858. Goss also reports one killed by Watson at Ellis, +Ellis County, on March 27, 1885, but the location of the specimen is +unknown. The species may still occur in southeastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Elanoides forficatus._ Swallow-tailed Kite. Formerly summer resident +in at least eastern half of state. Last specimen from Kansas taken by +Dr. G. C. Rinker at Hamilton, Greenwood County, May 17, 1914. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. f. forficatus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Ictinia misisippiensis_ (Wilson). Mississippi Kite. Common summer +resident in south-central Kansas, east to Harvey, north to Barton, and +west to Kearny counties. Occasional records from Douglas (nested once), +Johnson, Greenwood, and Hamilton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Accipiter gentilis._ Goshawk. Rare and irregular winter visitor in +east. Status in west unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. g. atricapillus_ (Wilson). + + +* _Accipiter striatus._ Sharp-shinned Hawk. Transient and winter +resident throughout state; less common in east. Status in summer poorly +known; one nest found in Cloud County, July 11, 1938, J. M. Porter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. velox_ (Wilson). + + +* _Accipiter cooperii_ (Bonaparte). Cooper Hawk. Resident throughout +state but nesting records only from the eastern half, west to Cloud +County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Buteo jamaicensis._ Red-tailed Hawk. Abundant transient and winter +resident in east; in High Plains of west, largely restricted to river +bottoms in winter. Common summer resident in east; status in summer in +west poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. j. borealis_ (Gmelin) is the breeding + bird of eastern Kansas. _B. j. calurus_ Cassin probably nests in + west but no specimens available. _B. j. borealis_, _B. j. + calurus_, _B. j. kriderii_ Hoopes, and _B. j. harlani_ (Audubon), + the latter considered here as conspecific with _jamaicensis_, all + occur as transients and winter residents. More specimens needed to + establish details of distribution of various subspecies. + + +* _Buteo lineatus._ Red-shouldered Hawk. Uncommon transient and summer +resident and irregular winter resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding +records from Leavenworth and Woodson counties; doubtless breeds in other +eastern counties but definite evidence lacking. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. lineatus_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Buteo platypterus._ Broad-winged Hawk. Fairly common transient and +local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Breeding records only from +Douglas, Leavenworth, and Johnson counties, where species nests +regularly. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. p. platypterus_ (Vieillot). + + +* _Buteo swainsoni_ Bonaparte. Swainson Hawk. Abundant transient in +west, fairly common in east. Nests commonly throughout western +two-thirds of state and at least occasionally in eastern portion. +Supposed winter records should be substantiated by specimens. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Buteo lagopus._ Rough-legged Hawk. Winter resident, fairly common in +east to common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. l. s. johannis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Buteo regalis_ (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Common transient and +winter resident in west, rare in east. Rare summer resident in west. Two +nesting records: nest with four young, south fork of Smoky Hill River, +near Wallace, May 27, 1883, Goss; nest with three young, west of Russell +Springs, Logan County, May 29, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Parabuteo unicinctus._ Harris Hawk. Accidental. Two records: male, +Wichita, Sedgwick County, December 14, 1918, LeRoy Snyder; female (KU +10752), 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, December 25, +1918, Fred Hastie. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. u. harrisi_ (Audubon). + + +* _Aquila chrysaetos._ Golden Eagle. Formerly common resident throughout +state. Now common in winter in west to rare in east. One positive +nesting record: a pair nested for several years (prior to 1891) in +southeastern Comanche County on a high gypsum ledge, Goss. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Haliaeetus leucocephalus._ Bald Eagle. Rare transient and winter +resident in east; fairly common winter resident in west, where large +numbers may gather to roost. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. l. alascanus_ Townsend. Previous + students refer all Bald Eagles from the state to _H. l. + leucocephalus_ (Linnaeus) but specimens in the K. U. collection, + all taken in winter, are large (three females, wing, 645, 655, 680 + mm.) and are clearly of the northern subspecies. + + +_Circus cyaneus._ Marsh Hawk. Resident, common in winter, less common +and local in summer. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. hudsonius_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Pandion haliaetus._ Osprey. Occurs irregularly throughout state but +less frequently in west. Most records in spring and autumn but a few at +other seasons. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. carolinensis_ (Gmelin). + + +_Falco rusticolus._ Gyrfalcon. Accidental. One specimen: Manhattan, +Riley County, December 1, 1880, A. L. Runyan (specimen at Kansas State +College). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. r. obsoletus_ Gmelin. + + +_Falco mexicanus_ Schlegel. Prairie Falcon. Rare summer and fairly +common winter resident in west; occasional transient and winter resident +in east. No satisfactory breeding records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Falco peregrinus._ Duck Hawk. Rare transient and winter resident, +probably more common in west. Formerly nested but no nesting record +since before 1900. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. p. anatum_ Bonaparte. + + +_Falco columbarius._ Pigeon Hawk. Uncommon transient and rare winter +resident in east; more common in migration in west but status there in +winter not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. c. columbarius_ Linnaeus is most + frequent in eastern part, west to Reno County; _F. c. + richardsonii_ Ridgway is the common subspecies in west, occasional + in east; _F. c. bendirei_ Swann is known in Kansas from one + specimen (KU 4425) from Ellis County, October, 1875, taken by Dr. + L. Watson (identified by James L. Peters). + + +* _Falco sparverius._ Sparrow Hawk. Common resident and transient +throughout state (but status in winter in northwest not known). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. s. sparverius_ Linnaeus. + + +_Bonasa umbellus._ Ruffed Grouse. Formerly common resident in eastern +part; now probably extirpated in state but observers in extreme east +should watch for it. One authentic specimen (KU 31944), southeastern +Kansas, between 1885 and 1910, Alexander J. C. Roese. No definite +nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. u. umbellus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Tympanuchus cupido._ Greater Prairie Chicken. Resident, but highly +local; absent in southwestern quarter of state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. c. pinnatus_ (Brewster). + + +* _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ (Ridgway). Lesser Prairie Chicken. +Resident, but local, in southwestern quarter of state, north to Hamilton +and Finney counties and east to Pawnee and Barber counties. A few old +records east to Anderson and Neosho counties in winter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pedioecetes phasianellus._ Sharp-tailed Grouse. Formerly resident in +western part of state; scattered old records from eastern localities. +Now extirpated, or nearly so, in Kansas; observers in northwestern +counties should watch for it. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. jamesi_ Lincoln. + + +* _Colinus virginianus._ Bob-white. Resident, common in east, less +common and local in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. virginianus_ (Linnaeus) in east, + intergrading through central part with _C. v. taylori_ Lincoln in + west. + + +* _Callipepla squamata._ Scaled Quail. Locally common resident in +southwest, formerly north to Wallace County but now primarily south of +Arkansas River, eastern limit not known. Breeding records from Hamilton, +Kearny, Finney, Stanton, Morton, Stevens, and Clark counties, Marvin D. +Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. pallida_ Brewster. + + +* _Phasianus colchicus_ Linnaeus. Ring-necked Pheasant. Introduced. +Common in western two-thirds, gradually invading east where a few are +now found in most counties. + + Origin of North American stock obscure; no subspecies now + recognized here. + + +_Meleagris gallopavo._ Turkey. Formerly common resident, west along +streams at least to Riley County; now extirpated in Kansas. No known +specimen from Kansas with authentic data. No definite nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. silvestris_ Vieillot. + + +_Grus americana_ (Linnaeus). Whooping Crane. Regular transient, now +rare. Probably most individuals go through east-central part of state. +Several early specimens from state and several recent sight records and +one specimen: adult female (KU 31198), found crippled 8-1/2 miles south +of Sharon, Barber County, October 31, 1952, Thane S. Robinson. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Grus canadensis._ Sandhill Crane. Transient, rare in east, common to +abundant in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. canadensis_ (Linnaeus) and _G. c. + tabida_ (Peters); comparative status of the two subspecies not + known. + + +* _Rallus elegans._ King Rail. Transient and summer resident, locally +common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. e. elegans_ Audubon. + + +_Rallus limicola._ Virginia Rail. Transient and summer resident, but +breeding status poorly known. One breeding record: adult with six small, +downy young, 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 24, 1950, +Richard and Jean Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. l. limicola_ Vieillot. + + +* _Porzana carolina_ (Linnaeus). Sora. Common transient throughout +state; status in summer poorly known. Two breeding records: Osawatomie, +Miami County, prior to 1914 (no other details), record by Colvin, a +careful observer; two nests, at least one with eggs, Finney County State +Lake, August 21, 1951, Marvin D. Schwilling. Additional nesting records +should be sought. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Coturnicops noveboracensis._ Yellow Rail. Rare or generally overlooked +transient. Records only from eastern part of state (west to Sedgwick +County). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Laterallus jamaicensis._ Black Rail. Rare or generally overlooked +summer resident. At least ten records, including at least seven +specimens from widely scattered localities. Two breeding records: nest +with eight eggs, Manhattan, Riley County, June, 1880, C. P. Blachly; +nest with nine eggs, near Garden City, Finney County, June 6, 1889, H. +W. Menke. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. j. jamaicensis_ (Gmelin). + + +_Porphyrula martinica_ (Linnaeus). Purple Gallinule. Rare and irregular +summer visitant. Five specimens taken in April and June in Douglas, +Sedgwick, and Riley counties. Several sight records from eastern Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Gallinula chloropus._ Florida Gallinule. Rare summer resident; status +poorly known. Two breeding records: nest found "on a board," Coffey +County, June (year not given), P. B. Peabody; nest (female, KU 27509, +and two eggs taken), 3 miles northeast of Lawrence, Douglas County, May +22, 1945 (previously published as 1946), R. L. Montell. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. cachinnans_ Bangs. + + +* _Fulica americana._ American Coot. Uncommon summer resident, abundant +transient, and local winter resident in east and central parts; status +in west poorly known. Breeding record: 3 newly hatched young (KU +16694-6), Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, June 13, 1927, H. C. +Parker and W. H. Burt. The few other nesting localities include one in +Finney County. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _F. a. americana_ Gmelin. + + +_Charadrius hiaticula._ Semipalmated Plover. Regular transient +throughout state, often fairly common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. h. semipalmatus_ Bonaparte. + + +_Charadrius melodus._ Piping Plover. Rare transient. Three specimens +from Douglas County, March and April, and a female (KU 15492) from +Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, July 16, 1925, T. E. White. Nests in +Nebraska, south at least to Lincoln; observers in north-central Kansas +should watch for possible breeding birds. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. circumcinctus_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Charadrius alexandrinus._ Snowy Plover. Summer resident on salt +plains of Clark, Comanche, Stafford, Barton, and probably other +counties. Breeding range in Kansas poorly known. One definite nesting +record: adults with young, and one nest with 3 eggs, Comanche County, +June 18, 1886, Goss. One female (KU 7787), from Lawrence, Douglas +County, April 22, 1909, L. L. Dyche. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. tenuirostris_ (Lawrence). + + +* _Charadrius vociferus._ Killdeer. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. Occasional winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Eupoda montana_ (Townsend). Mountain Plover. Summer resident in High +Plains of western Kansas, but current status poorly known. Many +specimens from west and one positive breeding record: two half-grown, +partly downy males (KU 5512, 5513), 5 miles south of Tribune, Greeley +County, June 21, 1911, Bunker and Rocklund. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Pluvialis dominica._ Golden Plover. Regular transient in east, +sometimes common; more common in spring than in autumn. Formerly +abundant; status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. dominica_ (Mueller). + + +_Squatarola squatarola_ (Linnaeus). Black-bellied Plover. Regular +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Arenaria interpres._ Ruddy Turnstone. Rare transient. Several sight +records from eastern part of state and two specimens: one killed at +Topeka, Shawnee County, August 16, 1898, F. W. Forbes (location of +specimen unknown); male, Hamilton, Greenwood County, October 1, 1911, G. +C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. i. morinella_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Philohela minor_ (Gmelin). American Woodcock. Uncommon transient west +to Scott and Kearny counties. Probably does not occur farther west. One +early nesting record: adult with several "at least one-fourth grown" +young, near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, May 25, 1874, Goss. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Capella gallinago._ Wilson Snipe. Common transient and occasional +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. delicata_ (Ord). + + +* _Numenius americanus._ Long-billed Curlew. Transient and uncommon +summer resident in west; occasional transient in east. Female and two +downy young (KU 11607, 8, 9) taken 1 mile from Spring Creek, Morton +County, June 27, 1927, W. H. Burt and L. V. Compton. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _N. a. americanus_ Bechstein is the breeding + form; _N. a. parvus_ Bishop occurs in migration (specimens from + Riley, Lyon, and Douglas counties). + + +[_Numenius phaeopus._ Hudsonian Curlew. Reported by Goss, and one seen +at Iatan Marsh, Atchison County, May 16, 1948, by Harold C. Hedges, but +here placed in Hypothetical List until a specimen from Kansas is taken.] + + +_Numenius borealis_ (Forster). Eskimo Curlew. Formerly abundant +transient in eastern Kansas; now extinct, or nearly so. One unsexed bird +(KU 6951) taken in Douglas County, May 6, 1873, by N. J. Stevens. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Bartramia longicauda_ (Bechstein). Upland Plover. Abundant transient +and locally common summer resident in suitable habitat; most numerous in +west. Nesting records from Johnson, Wabaunsee, Chase, Finney, and Kearny +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus). Spotted Sandpiper. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. Breeding records from Leavenworth +County and Kansas City region. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tringa solitaria._ Solitary Sandpiper. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. s. solitaria_ Wilson is most common in + eastern part and _T. s. cinnamomea_ (Brewster) is most common in + western part of Kansas, with much overlap of the two. + + +_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus._ Willet. Transient throughout state, +usually uncommon, but sometimes locally common. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. inornatus_ (Brewster). _C. s. + semipalmatus_ (Gmelin) has been reported, probably erroneously; + all specimens seen are of the western subspecies, _inornatus_. + + +_Totanus melanoleucus_ (Gmelin). Greater Yellow-legs. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Totanus flavipes_ (Gmelin). Lesser Yellow-legs. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Calidris canutus._ American Knot. Rare transient. Sight records from +eastern and western Kansas; only one specimen preserved, Hamilton, +Greenwood County, September 19, 1911, G. C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. rufa_ (Wilson). + + +_Erolia melanotos_ (Vieillot). Pectoral Sandpiper. Common transient +through state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia fuscicollis_ (Vieillot). White-rumped Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia bairdii_ (Coues). Baird Sandpiper. Common transient in east; +abundant transient in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia minutilla_ (Vieillot). Least Sandpiper. Common transient +throughout state, but less numerous in west than in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Erolia alpina._ Red-backed Sandpiper. Rare or uncommon transient; +reported only from eastern half of state, west to Cloud County. Few +specimens have been preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. pacifica_ (Coues). + + +_Limnodromus griseus._ Short-billed Dowitcher. Rare or uncommon +transient in east, status in west not known. One specimen: male (KU +29403), 3 miles east of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 14, 1946, R. L. +Montell. Dowitchers having noticeably short bills should be collected +when possible. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. g. hendersoni_ Rowan. + + +_Limnodromus scolopaceus_ (Say). Long-billed Dowitcher. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Micropalama himantopus_ (Bonaparte). Stilt Sandpiper. Common transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ereunetes pusillus_ (Linnaeus). Semipalmated Sandpiper. Common +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Ereunetes mauri_ Cabanis. Western Sandpiper. Uncommon transient in +east; probably common in west but status there unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tryngites subruficollis_ (Vieillot). Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Uncommon +but regular transient in autumn in eastern Kansas, west to Republic +County; few spring records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Limosa fedoa_ (Linnaeus). Marbled Godwit. Rare or uncommon transient +throughout state. Status somewhat uncertain because some observers +confuse this species with female Hudsonian Godwits. The latter are +larger and often much duller than male Hudsonian Godwits. Marbled +Godwits, however, show no contrasting tail pattern in flight. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Limosa haemastica_ (Linnaeus). Hudsonian Godwit. Uncommon transient in +eastern and central Kansas; status in west poorly known (reported from +Ness and Kearny counties). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas). Sanderling. Rare transient in eastern and +central Kansas; status in west not known. Three specimens have been +taken, two from Douglas County (October) and one from Stafford County +(July). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Recurvirostra americana_ Gmelin. Avocet. Uncommon transient in east; +common transient and uncommon summer resident in west. Breeding records +from Kearny, Finney, Haskell, Meade, and Barton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Mueller). Black-necked Stilt. Rare transient. +Records from Crawford, Sedgwick, Cloud, Stafford, Finney, and Kearny +counties; few recent records. No satisfactory nesting record. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Phalaropus fulicarius_ (Linnaeus). Red Phalarope. Very rare transient. +Two specimens: female (KU 3778), Lake View, Douglas County, November 5, +1905, E. E. Brown; male (Ottawa Univ. 96), near Ottawa, Franklin County, +October 25, 1926, Wesley Clanton (identification checked by Tordoff). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Steganopus tricolor_ Vieillot. Wilson Phalarope. Common transient +throughout state. One definite nesting record: adult male with downy +young, Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 26, 1954, Ted F. Andrews +and Homer Stephens. Goss mentioned "breeding birds" in Meade County but +the record is not convincing. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Lobipes lobatus_ (Linnaeus). Northern Phalarope. Rare transient. Goss +shot five and preserved one (now in Goss collection) of 17 or 18 seen at +Fort Wallace, Wallace County, May 25, 1883. Several sight records. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stercorarius pomarinus_ (Temminck). Pomarine Jaeger. Accidental. One +record: immature male (KU 6967), Kansas River near Lawrence, Douglas +County, October 10, 1898, Gus Berger and Banks Brown. This specimen +erroneously reported as a Parasitic Jaeger, _Stercorarius parasiticus_ +(Linnaeus), in previous lists of birds of Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stercorarius longicaudus_ Vieillot. Long-tailed Jaeger. Accidental. One +record: female (KU 32610), Cheyenne Bottoms, Barton County, June 23, +1955, William M. Lynn and Larry D. Mosby. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Larus hyperboreus._ Glaucous Gull. One bird with crippled leg seen at +Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, January 27, 1951, and several days +thereafter, by many observers including the author. Placed on +Hypothetical List until specimen is taken in Kansas.] + + +_Larus argentatus._ Herring Gull. Transient, regular along Missouri +River, uncommon to rare elsewhere in state; probably rare winter +resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. a. smithsonianus_ Coues. + + +_Larus californicus_ Lawrence. California Gull. Accidental. One record: +specimen (location unknown) taken by Goss, Arkansas River, Reno County, +October 20, 1880. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus delawarensis_ Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Transient, locally common; +rare winter resident. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus atricilla_ Linnaeus. Laughing Gull. Accidental. One specimen +taken 3 miles east and 2-1/2 miles south of Canton, in Marion County, +May 15, 1933, Richard H. Schmidt (specimen in his collection); sight +records from Barton and Shawnee counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus pipixcan_ Wagler. Franklin Gull. Transient, abundant in west, +common in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Larus philadelphia_ (Ord). Bonaparte Gull. Rare transient. All +specimens from eastern part, west to Cloud County; status in west not +known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Rissa tridactyla._ Kittiwake. Immature bird seen at Lake Shawnee, +Shawnee County, October 20, 1951, by L. B. Carson and O. S. Pettingill, +Jr. In the absence of a specimen, the species is placed on the +Hypothical List.] + + +_Xema sabini._ Sabine Gull. Three records: immature male, taken at +Humboldt, Allen County, September 19, 1876, Peter Long (now in Goss +collection); immature male, taken at Hamilton, Greenwood County, October +3, 1909, G. C. Rinker; immature bird seen but not collected on October +18, 28, and 29, 1952, at Lake Shawnee, Shawnee County, by several +observers (Orville O. Rice secured good photographs of this bird). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _X. s. sabini_ (Sabine). + + +_Sterna forsteri_ Nuttall. Forster Tern. Transient, locally common in +eastern half of state; status in west unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Sterna hirundo._ Common Tern. Rare transient. Two specimens: female, +Anderson County, May 11, 1878 (in Goss collection); male, Munger's Lake, +near Hamilton, Greenwood County, September 2, 1912, G. C. Rinker. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. h. hirundo_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Sterna albifrons._ Least Tern. Uncommon transient and local summer +resident throughout state. One definite nesting record: five nests, each +with two eggs, Arkansas River at Coolidge, Hamilton County, July 1, +1936, Otto Tiemeier. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. athalassos_ Burleigh and Lowery. + + +_Hydroprogne caspia_ (Pallas). Caspian Tern. Uncommon transient +throughout state. Many sight records but only one specimen: female (KU +17147), Douglas County, September 27, 1928, Harold Standing (skin and +body skeleton of this tern saved; erroneously reported previously as two +specimens). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Chlidonias niger._ Black Tern. Common transient and, in north-central +part, regular summer resident but no positive breeding record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. n. surinamensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Columba livia_ Gmelin. Rock Dove. Introduced. Common around +habitations; nesting locally in feral state on cliffs in western +Kansas. + + No subspecies recognized because of mixed ancestry of birds + introduced into New World. + + +* _Zenaidura macroura._ Mourning Dove. Common transient and summer +resident, uncommon winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. m. carolinensis_ (Linnaeus) in east, _Z. + m. marginella_ (Woodhouse) in west, intergrading in central part. + + +* _Ectopistes migratorius_ (Linnaeus). Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. +Formerly irregular transient and summer resident. Two specimens, both +males, taken at Neosho Falls, Woodson County, April 14, 1876, by Goss, +who also reported this species to nest there occasionally. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Columbigallina passerina._ Ground Dove. One seen on Kansas River, 3 +miles west of St. Marys, Pottawatomie County, November 11, 1954, by +Thomas A. Hoffman and James Mulligan. Placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen from Kansas.] + +[_Scardafella inca_ (Lesson). Inca Dove. One seen daily at Halstead, +Harvey County, November 10, 1951, to January 21, 1952, by Edna L. Ruth +and others. One seen in Topeka, Shawnee County, last week of June, 1952, +E. J. Rice. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen from +Kansas.] + + +* _Conuropsis carolinensis._ Carolina Paroquet. Extinct. Formerly common +resident in wooded areas of east; west along stream bottoms. Goss +reported nesting of small flock near Neosho Falls, Woodson County, in +spring, 1858. No specimen from Kansas preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. ludovicianus_ (Gmelin), on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Coccyzus americanus._ Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. americanus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Coccyzus erythropthalmus_ (Wilson). Black-billed Cuckoo. Uncommon +transient and summer resident. Nesting records: female (KU 15480) and +nest containing two Black-billed Cuckoo eggs and one Yellow-billed +Cuckoo egg, 7-1/2 miles southwest of Lawrence, Douglas County, June 5, +1926, Charles D. Bunker; nests found in Cloud County in June, 1932 (1), +1933 (1), 1934 (1), 1935 (1), 1938 (2), J. M. Porter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Geococcyx californianus_ (Lesson). Road-runner. Resident in +south-central and southwestern Kansas; abundance and distribution +subject to wide fluctuation, current status unknown. Four nests found, +April to July, 1934, 4-1/2 miles east of Arkansas City, Cowley County, +Walter Colvin. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Crotophaga sulcirostris._ Groove-billed Ani. Accidental. Three records: +specimen (KU 31948), McCune, Crawford County, between 1885 and 1910, +Alexander J. C. Roese; specimen, Lyon County, November 1, 1904; male (KU +31951), 6-3/4 miles northeast of Blue Rapids, Marshall County, October +28, 1952, Elizabeth G. McCleod. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. s. sulcirostris_ Swainson. + + +* _Tyto alba._ Barn owl. Uncommon resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. pratincola_ (Bonaparte). + + +* _Otus asio._ Screech Owl. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Following reported: _O. a. naevius_ (Gmelin) + in northeast, _O. a. hasbroucki_ Ridgway in south-central, _O. a. + aikeni_ (Brewster) and _O. a. swenki_ Oberholser in west. The + status of these subspecies is poorly known; additional breeding + specimens and revisionary study are needed. + + +* _Bubo virginianus._ Horned Owl. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. v. virginianus_ (Gmelin) in east, _B. v. + occidentalis_ Stone in west. + + +_Nyctea scandiaca_ (Linnaeus). Snowy Owl. Rare and irregular winter +visitant throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Surnia ulula._ Hawk Owl. None of the several sight records from Kansas +is convincing to me. Reports from eastern Kansas indicating regular +occurrence there of this far-northern species are surely erroneous and +probably pertain to Short-eared Owls.] + + +* _Speotyto cunicularia._ Burrowing Owl. Common summer resident in west; +irregular transient in east. Numbers seem to be decreasing. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. hypugea_ (Bonaparte). + + +* _Strix varia._ Barred Owl. Resident in east, locally fairly common. +Status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. georgica_ Latham in southeast; _S. v. + varia_ Barton elsewhere in state. + + +* _Asio otus._ Long-eared Owl. Uncommon summer resident, locally common +transient and winter resident throughout state. Nesting records from +Ottawa, Douglas, Doniphan, and Meade counties. Status in summer poorly +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. o. wilsonianus_ (Lesson). + + +* _Asio flammeus._ Short-eared Owl. Resident, probably throughout state, +in suitable habitat. More common in winter. Nesting records from +Woodson, Republic, and Marshall counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammeus_ (Pontoppidan). + + +* _Aegolius acadicus._ Saw-whet Owl. Rare winter resident throughout +state. One nesting record: a pair found in Kansas City, Wyandotte +County, in winter, 1950, remained at least to September, 1951, and were +seen with young birds in summer, 1951, John Bishop. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. acadicus_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Caprimulgus carolinensis_ Gmelin. Chuck-will's-widow. Locally common +summer resident in eastern Kansas, western limit of distribution poorly +known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Caprimulgus vociferus._ Whip-poor-will. Locally common summer +resident in eastern Kansas; two specimens reported from Finney County, +but status in west poorly known. Two nests reported, at Geary, Doniphan +County, June 16 and June 14 to July 3, 1923, by Linsdale. In recent +years, Chuck-will's-widows seem to have increased at the expense of +Whip-poor-wills in Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. v. vociferus_ Wilson. + + +* _Phalaenoptilus nuttallii._ Poor-will. Summer resident, common in +west, rare and local in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nuttallii_ (Audubon). + + +* _Chordeiles minor._ Nighthawk. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Nesting; _C. m. minor_ (Forster) in + northeast, _C. m. chapmani_ Coues in southeast, and _C. m. + howelli_ Oberholser in west, intergrading with one another through + fairly broad zones. Migration; _C. m. sennetti_ Coues throughout + state. + + +* _Chaetura pelagica_ (Linnaeus). Chimney Swift. Common transient and +summer resident in east; status in west poorly known. Schwilling reports +this species only in migration in Finney and neighboring counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Archilochus colubris_ (Linnaeus). Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Common +transient and summer resident in east; much less common in west, status +there poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Stellula calliope_ (Gould). Calliope Hummingbird. One record: immature +female, 8 miles south of Richfield and 6 miles east of Kansas Highway +27, Morton County, September 3, 1952, Jean W. Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Megaceryle alcyon._ Belted Kingfisher. Common summer resident and +uncommon winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. alcyon_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Colaptes auratus._ Yellow-shafted Flicker. Common resident +throughout state, but partly replaced in west by Red-shafted Flicker and +hybrids between the two species. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. a. auratus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast, _C. + a. luteus_ Bangs in remainder of state. _C. a. borealis_ Ridgway + has been reported in winter in east. + + +* _Colaptes cafer._ Red-shafted Flicker. Common resident in west, +hybridizing with, and replaced by, Yellow-shafted Flicker eastward. +Uncommon winter resident in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. collaris_ Vigors. + + +* _Dryocopus pileatus._ Pileated Woodpecker. Formerly common resident in +eastern Kansas, now much reduced in numbers and distribution. Recent +sight records from Leavenworth, Wyandotte, Douglas, Miami, Linn, and +Neosho counties may indicate that this species is increasing in its +former range. Definite nesting records only from Linn County where Frank +Wood and Ivan Sutton found a nest with 4 eggs and a nest with two young +and one egg, along Marais des Cygnes River, near Pleasanton, some years +ago. Eunice and Wilson Dingus have noted this species at Mound City, +Linn County, regularly for several years. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. abieticola_ (Bangs) in northeast, _D. + p. pileatus_ (Linnaeus) in southeast. + + +* _Centurus carolinus._ Red-bellied Woodpecker. Common resident in +eastern part, breeding west at least to Comanche County; additional +records in west from Morton, Finney, and Kearny counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. zebra_ (Boddaert). + + +* _Melanerpes erythrocephalus._ Red-headed Woodpecker. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. Occasional winter resident west to +Cloud County; not found in winter in southwest by Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. e. erythrocephalus_ (Linnaeus), + intergrading in west with _M. e. caurinus_ Brodkorb. + + +_Asyndesmus lewis_ (Gray). Lewis Woodpecker. Possibly rare resident in +southwest but status uncertain. Several specimens and sight records from +western third of state; one specimen, female (KU 7890), from Lawrence, +Douglas County, November 7, 1908, Bunker and Wetmore. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Sphyrapicus varius._ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Uncommon transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. varius_ (Linnaeus) in eastern Kansas, + _S. v. nuchalis_ Baird in western part (three specimens, Wallace + and Morton counties). + + +[_Sphyrapicus thyroideus._ Williamson Sapsucker. An adult male seen at +Concordia, Cloud County, April 4, 1935, by Dr. J. M. Porter. Placed in +Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] + + +* _Dendrocopos villosus._ Hairy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. villosus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Dendrocopos pubescens._ Downy Woodpecker. Common resident throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. pubescens_ (Linnaeus) in southeast + (Labette and Montgomery counties), _D. p. medianus_ (Swainson) in + rest of state, with fairly broad zone of intergradation between + the two subspecies. + + +_Dendrocopos scalaris._ Ladder-backed Woodpecker. Common resident in +extreme southwestern Kansas (Morton County). Six specimens. No nest +found yet in Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. s. symplectus_ (Oberholser). + + +* _Tyrannus tyrannus_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Kingbird. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state; most numerous in east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Tyrannus verticalis_ Say. Western Kingbird. Common transient and +summer resident east to Flint Hills; uncommon transient and summer +resident in east (occurs regularly at Lawrence but rarely at Kansas +City). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Tyrannus vociferans._ Cassin Kingbird. Transient and summer resident in +extreme western part, east to Finney County. One specimen: male, Kansas +Highway 27 at Cimarron River [7-1/2 miles north of Elkhart], Morton +County, May 26, 1950, Richard and Jean Graber. No nesting record. Status +poorly known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. v. vociferans_ Swainson. + + +* _Muscivora forficata_ (Gmelin). Scissor-tailed Flycatcher. Common +summer resident in southern and central Kansas; nesting west to Morton +County, north to Cloud County, east to Neosho County. Sporadic records +elsewhere in state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Myiarchus crinitus._ Crested Flycatcher. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state, but perhaps less numerous in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. boreus_ Bangs. + + +_Myiarchus cinerascens._ Ash-throated Flycatcher. Known only from Morton +County; several seen in May, 1950, and a female with somewhat enlarged +ovary taken, 8 miles south of Richfield, May 7, 1950, Richard and Jean +Graber. No nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. c. cinerascens_ (Lawrence). + + +* _Sayornis phoebe_ (Latham). Eastern Phoebe. Common transient and +summer resident in east; occurs, but must less common, in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sayornis saya._ Say Phoebe. Common transient and summer resident in +west. Nesting records from Rawlins, Jewell, Logan, and Ness counties. In +migration, reported east to Republic and Lyon counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. saya_ (Bonaparte) is the breeding + bird; _S. s. yukonensis_ Bishop probably occurs in migration. + + +_Empidonax flaviventris_ (Baird and Baird). Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. +Uncommon transient in east. Specimens from Johnson, Douglas, and Shawnee +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Empidonax virescens_ (Vieillot). Acadian Flycatcher. Summer resident +in eastern Kansas. Specimens from Doniphan, Leavenworth, Douglas, +Woodson, Montgomery, and Labette counties. Nesting records from Doniphan +County (Jean M. Linsdale), Linn County (Wilson J. and Eunice Dingus), +and Douglas County (R. F. Miller). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax traillii._ Alder Flycatcher. Transient throughout state; no +satisfactory nesting records or specimens taken in breeding season. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. t. brewsteri_ Oberholser transient, + probably more common in west, and _E. t. traillii_ (Audubon) + transient and perhaps breeding in east. + + +_Empidonax minimus_ (Baird and Baird). Least Flycatcher. Common +transient throughout state; no satisfactory evidence of nesting. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax oberholseri_ Phillips. Wright Flycatcher. Known only from +three specimens, May 8 (male and female) and May 12 (male), 1950, eight +miles south of Richfield, Morton County, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Empidonax difficilis._ Western Flycatcher. Known only from two +specimens taken eight miles south of Richfield, Morton County; September +3, 1952, immature female, Jean Graber; September 5, 1952, immature male +(KU 31203), Richard Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. d. hellmayri_ Brodkorb (female + specimen); intermediate between _E. d. hellmayri_ and _E. d. + difficilis_ Baird (male specimen). + + +* _Contopus virens_ (Linnaeus). Eastern Wood Pewee. Common transient and +summer resident in east, rare transient in west. Breeding distribution +in state poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Contopus richardsonii._ Western Wood Pewee. Common transient and +probably summer resident in west; rare transient in east (specimen from +Greenwood County and one seen in Cloud County). No nesting record. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. r. richardsonii_ (Swainson). + + +_Nuttallornis borealis_ (Swainson). Olive-sided Flycatcher. Uncommon +transient throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Eremophila alpestris._ Horned Lark. Common transient and resident +throughout state. Numbers augmented by northern birds in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. a. praticola_ (Henshaw) resident in + east; _E. a. enthymia_ (Oberholser) resident west of Flint Hills; + _E. a. hoyti_ (Bishop), _E. a. alpestris_ (Linnaeus), and _E. a. + leucolaema_ (Coues) in winter. + + +[_Tachycineta thalassina._ Violet-green Swallow. Five birds seen at Lake +Shawnee, Shawnee County, April 14, 1947, by L. B. Carson. Placed in +Hypothetical List in absence of a specimen.] + + +* _Iridoprocne bicolor_ (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. Summer resident in +extreme northeastern Kansas; common transient throughout eastern half of +state, status in west not known. Nesting records only from Doniphan +County, along Missouri River, four nests located by Linsdale, in 1922, +1923, and 1924, and Leavenworth County, nests found by Brumwell along +Missouri River. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Riparia riparia._ Bank Swallow. Common transient and summer resident, +probably throughout state but status in northwest not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. r. riparia_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Stelgidopteryx ruficollis._ Rough-winged Swallow. Common transient +and summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. serripennis_ (Audubon). + + +* _Hirundo rustica._ Barn Swallow. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. r. erythrogaster_ Boddaert. + + +* _Petrochelidon pyrrhonota._ Cliff Swallow. Common transient and +locally common summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. pyrrhonota_ (Vieillot). + + +_Progne subis._ Purple Martin. Common transient and summer resident in +east to uncommon or rare in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. subis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Cyanocitta cristata._ Blue Jay. Common transient and resident +throughout state; less common in northern and western sections in +winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. bromia_ Oberholser in east, _C. c. + cyanotephra_ Sutton in west, intergrading through central Kansas. + + +[_Cyanocitta stelleri._ Steller Jay. Several sight records from +southwestern Kansas. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a +specimen.] + + +_Aphelocoma coerulescens._ Scrub Jay. Irregular winter resident in +southwestern Kansas. Five specimens (KU 20812-5, 21213), 12 miles +northeast of Elkhart, Morton County, November 8, 10, 14, 1934, W. S. +Long and Fred Hastie. Two seen in Finney County, January 15, 1955, by +Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. woodhouseii_ (Baird). + + +_Aphelocoma ultramarina._ Arizona Jay. Accidental. One specimen: +"probably female," near Mt. Jesus, Clark County, March, 1906, B. Ashton +Keith. Identification confirmed by L. L. Dyche; present location of +specimen unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. u. arizonae_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Pica pica._ American Magpie. Common resident in west; occasional in +east in winter. Eastward extent of breeding range poorly known; nests +from Ottawa (1951), Republic (1951 and 1953), and Cloud (1954) counties. +Extending breeding range eastward (J. M. Porter). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. p. hudsonia_ (Sabine). + + +_Corvus corax._ American Raven. Formerly occurred on High Plains, +precise status not known. No records since disappearance of bison herds. +One specimen: Jewell County, date unknown, Edward Kern (specimen now at +Kansas State College, Manhattan). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. c. sinuatus_ Wagler. + + +* _Corvus cryptoleucus_ Couch. White-necked Raven. Common summer +resident in western two tiers of counties; occasional resident east to +Ford County. Locally common winter resident (Finney, Scott, and Sherman +counties). One shot at Larned, Pawnee County, about October 25, 1937, by +Frank Robl. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Corvus brachyrhynchos._ Crow. Common resident in east, less common in +west. Abundant transient and winter resident in central Kansas. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. b. brachyrhynchos_ Brehm. + + +_Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus_ Wied. Pinon Jay. Irregular winter visitant, +more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Douglas (twice), +Sedgwick, Mitchell, Clark, Finney, and Kearny counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Nucifraga columbiana_ (Wilson). Clark Nutcracker. Irregular winter +visitant, more frequent in west than in east. Reported from Marshall +(twice), Ellis, Lyon, Finney, and Seward counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Parus atricapillus._ Black-capped Chickadee. Common resident in +entire state except for southern tier of counties, where either rare or +absent in summer and locally common in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. a. atricapillus_ Linnaeus in east, where + most specimens are more or less intermediate toward _P. a. + septentrionalis_ Harris, the resident subspecies in the west. + + +* _Parus carolinensis._ Carolina Chickadee. Common resident in southern +tier of counties; taken also in Greenwood County. Reported occurrence in +Douglas County is erroneous. Proof of breeding rests on partly grown +juveniles taken in Barber County, and on two nests found in Montgomery +County by L. B. Carson. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. atricapilloides_ Lunk. + + +* _Parus bicolor_ Linnaeus. Tufted Titmouse. Common resident in eastern +Kansas, west at least to Barber, Harvey, and Cloud counties. Western +limit of breeding range poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sitta carolinensis._ White-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon and local +resident and winter visitant throughout state. Three positive nesting +records, all from Douglas County, by C. D. Bunker, R. F. Miller, and +Katherine Kelley. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. c. carolinensis_ Latham resident in + Labette and Montgomery counties; _S. c. nelsoni_ Mearns occurs in + at least Morton County, status uncertain; _S. c. cookei_ + Oberholser resident and winter visitant in rest of state. + + +_Sitta canadensis_ Linnaeus. Red-breasted Nuthatch. Uncommon transient +and winter resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Certhia familiaris._ Brown Creeper. Fairly common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. f. americana_ Bonaparte. + + +* _Troglodytes aedon._ House Wren. Transient and summer resident, common +in east to uncommon in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. a. parkmanii_ Audubon. + + +_Troglodytes troglodytes._ Winter Wren. Rare or uncommon transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. t. hiemalis_ Vieillot. + + +_Thryomanes bewickii._ Bewick Wren. Resident, common in south, rare in +north; status poorly known. Nesting records from Shawnee, Johnson, and +Montgomery counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. b. bewickii_ (Audubon) in northern and + northeastern part, _T. b. cryptus_ Oberholser in rest of state. + (_T. b. niceae_ Sutton, a questionably valid subspecies, has been + reported from Meade and Morton counties.) + + +* _Thryothorus ludovicianus._ Carolina Wren. Resident, common in south, +less common to north and west. One record from Hamilton County; status +in northwest unknown. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. l. ludovicianus_ (Latham). + + +* _Telmatodytes palustris._ Long-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient +throughout state; known as a breeding bird only from Doniphan County, +where Linsdale found several nests and collected a juvenile (KU 12869) +with half-grown tail, August 31, 1922. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. p. dissaeptus_ (Bangs). + + +* _Cistothorus platensis._ Short-billed Marsh Wren. Uncommon transient +and irregular summer resident in east, no records from west. One +breeding record: male (KU 29665), female (KU 29666), and their nest with +four eggs, eight miles west of Lawrence, Douglas County, August 30, +1950, H. B. Tordoff and G. P. Young. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. stellaris_ (Naumann). + + +* _Salpinctes obsoletus._ Rock Wren. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rare transient in east; eastern limit of breeding +range not known. Nests found in Hamilton, Scott, and Logan counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. o. obsoletus_ (Say). + + +* _Mimus polyglottos._ Mockingbird. Resident throughout state, less +common in north, especially in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. p. polyglottos_ (Linnaeus) in east, _M. + p. leucopterus_ (Vigors) in west (most specimens from Kansas are + intermediate between the two subspecies). + + +* _Dumetella carolinensis_ (Linnaeus). Catbird. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Toxostoma rufum._ Brown Thrasher. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state; occasional winter resident at least in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. r. rufum_ (Linnaeus) in east, _T. r. + longicauda_ Baird in west. + + +_Oreoscoptes montanus_ (Townsend). Sage Thrasher. Rare transient in +west. Two unsexed specimens (KU 31941, 31942), 1 mile south of Holcomb, +Finney County, September 20 and October 2, 1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. +A third individual seen in Morton County, September 27, 1954, and a +fourth in Kearny County, March 23, 1955, by Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Turdus migratorius._ Robin. Common transient and summer resident; +locally common winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _T. m. migratorius_ Linnaeus breeds in most + of state but birds in southeast are intermediate toward _T. m. + achrusterus_ (Batchelder); _T. m. propinquus_ Ridgway occurs in + west, at least in migration, and irregularly in other parts of + state in winter. + + +_Ixoreus naevius._ Varied Thrush. Accidental. One record: specimen +(present location unknown) taken at Garden City, Finney County, October +17, 1891, H. W. Menke. + + Subspecies in Kansas: Probably _I. n. meruloides_ (Swainson), on + geographical grounds. + + +* _Hylocichla mustelina_ (Gmelin). Wood Thrush. Common transient and +summer resident in east, absent in west, western limit of breeding in +Kansas not known (nests, but uncommonly, in Cloud County). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Hylocichla guttata._ Hermit Thrush. Transient throughout state, usually +uncommon. Rare in winter in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. g. faxoni_ Bangs and Penard in east, _H. + g. sequoiensis_ (Belding) in west. + + +_Hylocichla ustulata._ Olive-backed Thrush. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. u. swainsoni_ (Tschudi). + + +_Hylocichla minima._ Gray-cheeked Thrush. Fairly common transient in +east; probably does not occur in west but western limit in migration in +Kansas unknown (rare in Cloud County, three records by J. M. Porter). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. m. minima_ (Lafresnaye). + + +_Hylocichla fuscescens._ Veery. Transient, rare in east, fairly common +in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. f. salicicola_ Ridgway. + + +* _Sialia sialis._ Eastern Bluebird. Common resident and transient +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. s. sialis_ (Linnaeus). + + +[_Sialia mexicana._ Chestnut-backed Bluebird. Said to be winter resident +at Coolidge, Hamilton County, by Shanstrum. Reliably reported from +southeastern Colorado. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of a +specimen from Kansas.] + + +_Sialia currucoides_ (Bechstein). Mountain Bluebird. Common winter +resident in west; occurs regularly east to Cloud and Barber counties and +irregularly farther east (to Douglas and Anderson counties). Bunker and +Rocklund took a full-grown juvenal female (KU 5900) on June 20, 1911, +near the Colorado line northwest of Coolidge, Hamilton County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Myadestes townsendi._ Townsend Solitaire. Winter resident in small +numbers in west; irregular in winter in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. t. townsendi_ (Audubon). + + +* _Polioptila caerulea._ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Common transient and +summer resident in east, probably transient only in west but status +there poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan, Douglas, and Barber +counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Regulus satrapa._ Golden-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout +state; uncommon winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. s. satrapa_ Lichtenstein. + + +_Regulus calendula._ Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Common transient throughout +state; rare winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. calendula_ (Linnaeus). + + +_Anthus spinoletta._ Water Pipit. Common transient throughout state, +more numerous in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. rubescens_ (Tunstall). + + +_Anthus spragueii_ (Audubon). Sprague Pipit. Transient throughout state, +perhaps more common in central or western parts; status poorly known. +Specimens known from Trego, Cloud, Greenwood, Woodson, and Anderson +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Bombycilla garrulus._ Bohemian Waxwing. Rare winter visitant throughout +state. Few specimens on record, from Riley, Shawnee, Jefferson, +Greenwood, and Sedgwick counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _B. g. pallidiceps_ Reichenow. + + +* _Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot. Cedar Waxwing. Common transient and +irregular winter resident throughout state; rare summer resident in +northeast. Breeding records: four nests found at Lake Quivira, Wyandotte +County, July 22, 1947 (nestling collected, KU 32374), July 3, 1949 +(young in nest), July 4, 1950, July 10, 1952 (young in nest), Harold C. +Hedges; nest found in Topeka, Shawnee County, June 16, 1953, Cliff +Olander and T. W. Nelson. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Lanius excubitor._ Northern Shrike. Winter resident, rare in east, +uncommon in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. e. borealis_ Vieillot in east, _L. e. + invictus_ Grinnell in west (most specimens from Kansas are + intermediate between the two). + + +* _Lanius ludovicianus._ Loggerhead Shrike. Common resident and +transient throughout state, but may leave north-central and northwestern +parts in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. migrans_ Palmer in extreme east, _L. + l. excubitorides_ Swainson in west, east to Norton, Ness, and + Clark counties; birds from rest of state mostly intermediate. + + +* _Sturnus vulgaris._ Starling. Introduced. First appeared in early +1930's, now common transient and resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. v. vulgaris_ Linnaeus. + + +* _Vireo atricapillus_ Woodhouse. Black-capped Vireo. Summer resident in +Comanche and possibly other south-central counties. Status poorly known. +Goss collected three pairs in southeastern Comanche County, May 7 to 18, +1885, and found a nest under construction on May 11, 1885. Sight records +from Manhattan, Riley County, June 18, 1953, by Scott Searles, and +Halstead, Harvey County, May 16, 1951, by Edna L. Ruth. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Vireo griseus._ White-eyed Vireo. Locally common transient and summer +resident in east. Status poorly known. Nesting records from Doniphan +County (Linsdale) and Kansas City region; specimens taken in summer from +Douglas, Montgomery, and Labette counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. noveboracensis_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Vireo bellii._ Bell Vireo. Common summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. b. bellii_ Audubon. + + +* _Vireo flavifrons_ Vieillot. Yellow-throated Vireo. Uncommon transient +and local, uncommon summer resident throughout state. Goss reported two +nests, one with 1 Cowbird and 3 vireo eggs, at Neosho Falls, Woodson +County, May 9, 1877, and one under construction at Topeka, Shawnee +County, May 18, 1883. T. W. Nelson found a nest at Topeka in 1947 (date +approximate). R. F. Miller found an occupied nest 3 miles north of +Baldwin, Douglas County, May 6, 1947. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vireo solitarius._ Solitary Vireo. Fairly common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. s. solitarius_ (Wilson) in east, _V. s. + plumbeus_ Coues and _V. s. cassinii_ Xantus in west. + + +* _Vireo olivaceus_ (Linnaeus). Red-eyed Vireo. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vireo philadelphicus_ (Cassin). Philadelphia Vireo. Uncommon transient +in east (often overlooked); reported west to Harvey County but western +limit of migration in Kansas not known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Vireo gilvus._ Warbling Vireo. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. g. gilvus_ (Vieillot). + + +* _Mniotilta varia_ (Linnaeus). Black and White Warbler. Common +transient throughout state, local and uncommon summer resident in east. +Breeding distribution in state poorly known. Nests reported in Douglas +and Leavenworth counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Protonotaria citrea_ (Boddaert). Prothonotary Warbler. Locally common +transient and summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from +Doniphan, Leavenworth, Johnson, Douglas, Shawnee, and Woodson counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Helmitheros vermivorus_ (Gmelin). Worm-eating Warbler. Rare transient +(specimens from Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties) and summer +resident in east. Linsdale saw a singing bird on July 11, 1923, in +Doniphan County. Hilton (Wilson Bull., 32, 1920:85-86) reports finding a +newly-fledged young bird with an adult at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth +County, on June 7, 1919 (some of Hilton's records seem highly +improbable, but the one in question is convincing to me). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora chrysoptera_ (Linnaeus). Golden-winged Warbler. Rare +transient in east. Several sight records and one specimen: female (KU +12700), 3 miles south of Lawrence, Douglas County, May 2, 1921, E. R. +Hall. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora pinus_ (Linnaeus). Blue-winged Warbler. Uncommon transient in +east. Possibly nests rarely but no definite evidence. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora peregrina_ (Wilson). Tennessee Warbler. Common transient in +east, uncommon transient in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Vermivora celata._ Orange-crowned Warbler. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. c. celata_ (Say) throughout state, _V. + c. orestera_ Oberholser in west. + + +_Vermivora ruficapilla._ Nashville Warbler. Common transient throughout +state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _V. r. ruficapilla_ (Wilson). + + +_Vermivora virginiae_ (Baird). Virginia Warbler. Transient in extreme +west. Known in Kansas only from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton +County: five birds seen, two collected, May 4 to 10, 1950, Richard and +Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Parula americana_ (Linnaeus). Parula Warbler. Fairly common transient +and local summer resident in eastern Kansas. Nesting records from Riley, +Doniphan, Douglas, and Woodson counties; western limit of breeding +distribution unknown. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Dendroica petechia._ Yellow Warbler. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. aestiva_ (Gmelin) breeding in all + except southwestern Kansas; _D. p. sonorana_ Brewster probably + breeding in extreme southwest (specimens from Morton County); _D. + p. rubiginosa_ (Pallas) transient, probably throughout state. + + +_Dendroica magnolia_ (Wilson). Magnolia Warbler. Uncommon transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica tigrina_ (Gmelin). Cape May Warbler. Rare transient in east. +Several sight records but only one specimen from state: immature male +(KU 31644), Lawrence, Douglas County, December 6, 1954 (abnormally late +date), Mary Edith Kizer. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica caerulescens._ Black-throated Blue Warbler. Rare transient, +more records from west than from east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. caerulescens_ (Gmelin). + + +_Dendroica coronata._ Myrtle Warbler. Common transient throughout state, +rare winter resident. (See also Audubon Warbler.) + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. c. coronata_ (Linnaeus) and _D. c. + hooveri_ McGregor. + + +_Dendroica auduboni._ Audubon Warbler. Common transient in west, rare in +east, specimens taken east to Trego County. Hybrids between this species +and Myrtle Warbler common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. a. auduboni_ (Townsend). + + +_Dendroica nigrescens_ (Townsend). Black-throated Gray Warbler. Common +transient in extreme western Kansas. Several sight records and four +specimens from 8 miles south of Richfield, Morton County, May 8 to 13, +1950, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica townsendi_ (Townsend). Townsend Warbler. Transient in extreme +western Kansas. Five records: all from 8 miles south of Richfield, +Morton County, May 3 (female collected), 11, and 20, 1950, September 3 +and 5 (immature female, KU 31206), 1952, Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica virens._ Black-throated Green Warbler. Transient, uncommon in +east and rare in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. v. virens_ (Gmelin). + + +_Dendroica cerulea_ (Wilson). Cerulean Warbler. Uncommon transient and +possibly summer resident in east, but status poorly known. No definite +nesting record. Only five specimens on record. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica fusca_ (Mueller). Blackburnian Warbler. Transient, uncommon in +east, rare in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Dendroica dominica._ Sycamore Warbler. A few sight records from east +and possibly breeds in southeast but placed on Hypothetical List until a +specimen from state is obtained.] + + +_Dendroica pensylvanica_ (Linnaeus). Chestnut-sided Warbler. Transient, +fairly common in east, uncommon in west. Only three specimens from +state, two from Shawnee County, one from Morton County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica castanea_ (Wilson). Bay-breasted Warbler. Uncommon transient +throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Dendroica striata_ (Forster). Black-poll Warbler. Common transient in +east, uncommon or rare in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +[_Dendroica pinus._ Pine Warbler. Probably rare transient in east where +several have been reported seen, but placed in Hypothetical List in +absence of a specimen from Kansas. Linsdale reported taking a Pine +Warbler in Doniphan County, September 13, 1923, but the specimen is +actually a Cerulean Warbler.] + + +* _Dendroica discolor._ Prairie Warbler. Known to occur regularly only +in Wyandotte and Johnson counties, where locally common transient and +summer resident; newly fledged young have been found. One specimen: male +(KU 32376), 2 miles west of Lake Quivira, Johnson County, May 3, 1942, +Harold C. Hedges. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. d. discolor_ (Vieillot). + + +_Dendroica palmarum._ Palm Warbler. Uncommon transient in east, west at +least to Cloud County. Western limit of occurrence in migration not +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _D. p. palmarum_ (Gmelin). + + +* _Seiurus aurocapillus._ Oven-bird. Fairly common transient throughout +state; local summer resident in northeast. Brumwell reported one pair +nesting in June, 1939, and in 1940, at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth +County. His report is lacking in details but no other nesting records +are available. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. aurocapillus_ (Linnaeus) throughout + state, _S. a. cinereus_ A. H. Miller taken in Cheyenne County. + + +_Seiurus noveboracensis._ Northern Water-thrush. Fairly common transient +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. notabilis_ Ridgway. + + +* _Seiurus motacilla_ (Vieillot). Louisiana Water-thrush. Fairly common +transient and summer resident in east, uncommon transient in west. +Approximately 11 breeding records, all from Miami and Linn counties. +Summer distribution in state inadequately known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Oporornis formosus_ (Wilson). Kentucky Warbler. Common transient and +summer resident in east. Nests west to Riley County, but not reported +from Cloud County by Porter. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oporornis philadelphia_ (Wilson). Mourning Warbler. Locally common +transient in east, west rarely to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. Sight +records supposedly of Connecticut Warblers (_Oporornis agilis_) may, at +least in part, refer to this species. No specimens of _O. agilis_ known +from state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Oporornis tolmiei._ Macgillivray Warbler. Common transient in extreme +western Kansas, accidental in east. Specimens from Morton, Hamilton, and +Marshall (1) counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _O. t. monticola_ Phillips. + + +* _Geothlypis trichas._ Yellow-throat. Common transient throughout +state; common summer resident in east, less common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. t. brachidactyla_ (Swainson) breeds in + east; _G. t. occidentalis_ Brewster breeds in west. Distribution + in Kansas of these subspecies and identity of transients poorly + known. + + +* _Icteria virens._ Yellow-breasted Chat. Common transient and summer +resident, perhaps less common in west. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. v. virens_ (Linnaeus) in east, _I. v. + auricollis_ (Lichtenstein) in west, intergrading through most of + state. + + +_Wilsonia citrina_ (Boddaert). Hooded Warbler. Formerly common summer +resident in east, now rare and perhaps no longer nests in state. No +satisfactory breeding record. Three males from Leavenworth County, May +9, 1871, and one from Shawnee County, May 17, 1871, taken by J. A. +Allen, are now at Harvard. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Wilsonia pusilla._ Wilson Warbler. Common transient throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _W. p. pusilla_ (Wilson) in east, _W. p. + pileolata_ (Pallas) in west; precise distribution in migration + unknown. + + +_Wilsonia canadensis_ (Linnaeus). Canada Warbler. Uncommon transient in +east, reported west to Sedgwick and Cloud counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Setophaga ruticilla._ American Redstart. Common transient and local +summer resident in east; probably only transient in west but breeding +range in state poorly known. Few definite nesting records: Brumwell +reported nesting at Fort Leavenworth, Leavenworth County; J. M. Porter +found a nest in Republic County, May 22, 1940. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. r. ruticilla_ (Linnaeus) is breeding + form; _S. r. tricolora_ (Mueller) occurs in migration. + + +* _Passer domesticus._ English Sparrow. Introduced. Common resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. d. domesticus_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Dolichonyx oryzivorus_ (Linnaeus). Bobolink. Transient, uncommon in +east and rare in west in spring; rare in east and absent in west in +fall. In 1940, several pairs remained until July 21 near Jamestown State +Lake, Cloud County, and two pairs were seen feeding fledglings on June +25 (J. M. Porter). No other good evidence of breeding. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Sturnella magna._ Eastern Meadowlark. Common transient and resident +in eastern part. Nests locally west to Jewell County in north and Barber +County in south. Less common in winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. m. magna_ (Linnaeus) in northeast, _S. + m. argutula_ Bangs in southeast. + + +_Sturnella neglecta._ Western Meadowlark. Common transient and resident +in western part. Nests commonly east to Flint Hills, irregularly and +uncommonly in east. Largely replaces Eastern Meadowlark in east in +winter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. n. neglecta_ Audubon. + + +* _Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus_ (Bonaparte). Yellow-headed Blackbird. +Transient, common in west and uncommon in east, and uncommon, local +summer resident. Breeds more frequently in west; nesting records from +Meade, Wallace, Barton, Stafford, Doniphan, and Douglas counties. One +winter record, Riley County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Agelaius phoeniceus._ Red-wing. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state, less common winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. p. phoeniceus_ (Linnaeus) breeds in most + of state; _A. p. fortis_ Ridgway may nest in west and occurs in + migration; _A. p. arctolegus_ Oberholser occurs in migration. + + +* _Icterus spurius_ (Linnaeus). Orchard Oriole. Common transient and +summer resident throughout state. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Icterus cucullatus._ Hooded Oriole. Accidental. One record: bird banded +at Los Angeles, California, January 22, 1939, found dead by Dr. F. S. +Williams, 16 miles southeast of Garden City, Finney County, about August +5, 1939; foot of specimen preserved. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. c. californicus_ (Lesson), on geographic + grounds. + + +* _Icterus galbula_ (Linnaeus). Baltimore Oriole. Common transient and +summer resident through most of state; hybridizes freely with Bullock +Oriole in west. One winter record: immature male (KU 31988), Lawrence, +Douglas County, December 25, 1953, H. B. Tordoff. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Icterus bullockii._ Bullock Oriole. Common transient and summer +resident in west, rarely east to Stafford County (breeding?) and Douglas +County (transient). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _I. b. bullockii_ (Swainson). + + +_Euphagus carolinus._ Rusty Blackbird. Common transient and locally +common winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _E. c. carolinus_ (Mueller). + + +_Euphagus cyanocephalus_ (Wagler). Brewer Blackbird. Transient and local +winter resident. Common in west, uncommon in east. Probably nests in +northwest, but no satisfactory evidence of this. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Quiscalus quiscula._ Bronzed Grackle. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state; local winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Q. q. versicolor_ Vieillot. + + +* _Molothrus ater._ Cowbird. Common transient and summer resident +throughout state; local winter resident. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. a. ater_ (Boddaert) is breeding bird; + _M. a. artemisiae_ Grinnell transient, common in west and possibly + nesting in northwest. + + +_Piranga ludoviciana_ (Wilson). Western Tanager. Fairly common transient +and perhaps summer resident in extreme west. Two males taken 4-1/2 miles +west of Kendall, Hamilton County, May 20 and June 1, 1893, H. W. Menke; +many seen and two males and a female (KU 31207) taken 8 miles south of +Richfield, Morton County, May 6, 1950 (males) and September 4, 1952, +Richard and Jean Graber. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Piranga olivacea_ (Gmelin). Scarlet Tanager. Fairly common transient +in east and uncommon summer resident in northeast. Distribution in state +poorly known; breeding records from Doniphan, Leavenworth, and Cloud +counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Piranga rubra._ Summer Tanager. Common transient and summer resident, +distribution poorly known. Recorded in migration (possibly breeding?) +west to Morton County and breeding in Doniphan and Douglas counties. Not +reported by Porter as nesting in Cloud County. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. r. rubra_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Richmondena cardinalis._ Cardinal. Common resident in east, uncommon +in west, rare in extreme southwest. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _R. c. cardinalis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Pheucticus ludovicianus_ (Linnaeus). Rose-breasted Grosbeak. Common +transient and locally common summer resident in east. Reported in summer +west to Rawlins County; probably absent in summer from southeast. +Distribution poorly known. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Pheucticus melanocephalus._ Black-headed Grosbeak. Common transient +and summer resident in west, nesting east to Cloud and Harvey counties. +Occasionally occurs farther east in migration. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. m. melanocephalus_ (Swainson). + + +* _Guiraca caerulea._ Blue Grosbeak. Common transient and summer +resident in most of state; locally common in summer in northeast. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _G. c. caerulea_ (Linnaeus) in east, _G. c. + interfusa_ Dwight and Griscom in west; most specimens from state + are intergrades. + + +_Passerina cyanea_ (Linnaeus). Indigo Bunting. Common transient and +summer resident west to Finney County, status in extreme west not known +but probably absent there. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerina amoena_ (Say). Lazuli Bunting. Common transient and probably +summer resident in extreme western Kansas. No breeding record. Rare in +east in migration. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Passerina ciris._ Painted Bunting. Fairly common summer resident in +east, west to Barber and north to Riley and Shawnee counties. One +positive nesting record: nest with young, successfully fledged, +Lawrence, Douglas County, spring and summer, 1918, Bessie D. Reed. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. c. pallidior_ Mearns. + + +* _Spiza americana_ (Gmelin). Dickcissel. Transient and summer resident +throughout state; common in east, locally common in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Hesperiphona vespertina._ Evening Grosbeak. Rare and irregular winter +visitant. Reported from widely scattered localities throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _H. v. vespertina_ (Cooper); _H. v. brooksi_ + Grinnell may occur in west. + + +_Carpodacus purpureus._ Purple Finch. Fairly common transient and winter +resident in east; status in west not known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. p. purpureus_ (Gmelin). + + +_Carpodacus mexicanus._ House Finch. Occurs in southwestern Kansas, +reported common north to Hamilton County and east to Finney County. One +record from Concordia, Cloud County, 2 or 3 birds seen from February 26 +to March 6, 1954, Lillie and Ida Cook, J. M. Porter. Most records in +winter; status in summer uncertain. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. m. frontalis_ (Say). + + +[_Pinicola enucleator._ Pine Grosbeak. One old record (possibly based on +a specimen, but convincing details are lacking) and a few recent sight +records from east. Placed in Hypothetical List in absence of an +authentic specimen from state.] + + +_Acanthis flammea._ Redpoll. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Records +from Cloud, Riley (specimen), Douglas (specimens), and Woodson counties, +and Kansas City region. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. f. flammea_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Spinus pinus._ Pine Siskin. Common but irregular transient and winter +resident throughout state. Two breeding records: nest with 3 or 4 young, +later successfully fledged, Onaga, Pottawatomie County, May 3, 1920, F. +F. Crevecoeur; nest with 3 eggs (young successfully fledged), 1 mile +southwest of Concordia, Cloud County, observed from April 6 to 30, 1954, +J. M. Porter. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. pinus_ (Wilson). + + +* _Spinus tristis._ Eastern Goldfinch. Common resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. t. tristis_ (Linnaeus). + + +* _Loxia curvirostra._ Red Crossbill. Irregular winter visitant +throughout state, locally common at times. One nesting record: nest with +one egg, Topeka, Shawnee County, March 22, 1917, A. Sidney Hyde. This +nest later held three eggs, all hatched, three young fledged, and the +family left the area in June. + + Subspecies in Kansas (in approximate decreasing order of + frequency): _L. c. benti_ Griscom, _L. c. bendirei_ Ridgway, _L. + c. minor_ (Brehm), _L. c. stricklandi_ Ridgway, _L. c. sitkensis_ + Grinnell. + + +_Loxia leucoptera._ White-winged Crossbill. Rare and irregular winter +visitant throughout the state. Only two specimens taken (Douglas and +Ellis counties). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _L. l. leucoptera_ Gmelin. + + +_Chlorura chlorura_ (Audubon). Green-tailed Towhee. Fairly common +transient in west; rare winter visitant in east (Shawnee County, +Wyandotte County). + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Pipilo erythrophthalmus._ Red-eyed Towhee. Common transient and +winter resident throughout state; uncommon summer resident in east, +status in west in summer not known. No nest found, but recently fledged +young reported in several counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. e. erythrophthalmus_ (Linnaeus) + resident; _P. e. arcticus_ (Swainson) winter resident throughout + state; _P. e. montanus_ Swarth reported as transient only from + Morton County. + + +* _Calamospiza melanocorys_ Stejneger. Lark Bunting. Common transient +and summer resident in west, rare transient in east. Nesting in +southwestern Kansas irregular; absent some years and present in other +years. One nesting record from east, in Franklin County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerculus sandwichensis._ Savannah Sparrow. Common transient and rare +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. s. savanna_ (Wilson), _P. s. nevadensis_ + Grinnell, _P. s. oblitus_ Peters and Griscom. + + +* _Ammodramus savannarum._ Grasshopper Sparrow. Common transient and +local summer resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. s. perpallidus_ (Coues). + + +_Ammodramus bairdii_ (Audubon). Baird Sparrow. One record: male? (U. S. +Natl. Mus. 155884), Pendennis, Lane County, April 25, 1897, J. A. +Loring. This species probably occurs regularly in the state but is +overlooked. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerherbulus caudacutus_ (Latham). Leconte Sparrow. Common transient +and irregular, locally common winter resident west at least to Lane +County. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Passerherbulus henslowii._ Henslow Sparrow. Uncommon transient and +uncommon, local summer resident in east, west at least to Cloud County. +Breeding records from Morris, Shawnee, Douglas, and Anderson counties. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. h. henslowii_ (Audubon). + + +_Ammospiza caudacuta._ Sharp-tailed Sparrow. Rare transient in east. +Specimens taken in Shawnee, Douglas, Woodson, and McPherson counties. +Supposed nesting reported by Goss probably erroneous. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. c. nelsoni_ (Allen). + + +_Pooecetes gramineus._ Vesper Sparrow. Common transient throughout +state. May nest in northwest but no evidence available. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. g. gramineus_ (Gmelin) in east, _P. g. + confinis_ Baird in west. + + +* _Chondestes grammacus._ Lark Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. g. grammacus_ (Say) east of Flint Hills, + _C. g. strigatus_ Swainson in west; the two subspecies intergrade + in central Kansas. + + +_Aimophila ruficeps._ Rufous-crowned Sparrow. Two records: male (KU +29222), Schwarz Canyon, Comanche County, June 7, 1936, C. W. Hibbard; +one seen near Point Rock, Morton County, May 21, 1950, Richard and Jean +Graber. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. r. scottii_ (Sennett). + + +_Aimophila aestivalis._ Pine-woods Sparrow. One specimen: male (KU +32377), Lake Quivira, in Wyandotte County, April 26, 1948, Harold C. +Hedges. One seen, Lake Quivira, in Johnson County, April 24, 1949, +Harold C. Hedges. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. a. illinoensis_ (Ridgway). + + +* _Aimophila cassinii_ (Woodhouse). Cassin Sparrow. Common summer +resident in southwestern Kansas, known north to Hamilton County and east +to Finney County. One nesting record: nest with two young and one pipped +egg, one mile south of Garden City, Finney County, May 24, 1954, Marvin +D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Amphispiza bilineata._ Black-throated Sparrow. One record: specimen of +unknown sex (KU 31356), 4 miles north and 3 miles east of Garden City, +Finney County, November 25, 1952, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _A. b. deserticola_ Ridgway. + + +_Junco aikeni_ Ridgway. White-winged Junco. Fairly common transient and +winter resident in western Kansas. Specimens from Wallace, Ellis, +Hamilton, and Morton counties. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Junco hyemalis._ Slate-colored Junco. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _J. h. hyemalis_ (Linnaeus), _J. h. + cismontanus_ Dwight. + + +_Junco oreganus._ Oregon Junco. Common transient and winter resident in +west, uncommon in east. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _J. o. montanus_ Ridgway, _J. o. mearnsi_ + Ridgway. + + +_Spizella arborea._ Tree Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. a. arborea_ (Wilson) common in east; _S. + a. ochracea_ Brewster common throughout state. + + +* _Spizella passerina._ Chipping Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident in east, less common in west. Only two actual nesting records: +occupied nest at Lawrence, Douglas County, May, 1954, James S. Findley; +nest with 4 large young, 6 miles south of Atchison, Atchison County, +May, 1934 or 1935, Homer A. Stephens (photographs taken of nest and +adult). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. passerina_ (Bechstein) in east, _S. + p. arizonae_ Coues in west. + + +_Spizella pallida_ (Swainson). Clay-colored Sparrow. Common transient +throughout state. Possibly breeds in northwest: male (KU 31950) with +greatly enlarged testes (9 x 6 mm.), 1 mile north of St. Francis, +Cheyenne County, June 12, 1954, H. B. Tordoff. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Spizella breweri._ Brewer Sparrow. Common transient in west. Five +specimens known: four males, Morton County, April 8 to May 1, 1950, +Richard and Jean Graber; one specimen (sex?), Finney County, May 3, +1954, Marvin D. Schwilling. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. b. breweri_ Cassin. + + +* _Spizella pusilla._ Field Sparrow. Common transient and summer +resident and uncommon winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _S. p. arenacea_ Chadbourne, intergrading in + east with _S. p. pusilla_ (Wilson). + + +_Zonotrichia querula_ (Nuttall). Harris Sparrow. Common transient and +winter resident in east, uncommon in west. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Zonotrichia leucophrys._ White-crowned Sparrow. Common transient and +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _Z. l. leucophrys_ (Forster) common in east, + uncommon in west; _Z. l. gambelii_ (Nuttall) common in west, + fairly common in east. + + +_Zonotrichia albicollis_ (Gmelin). White-throated Sparrow. Fairly common +transient, uncommon winter resident west at least to Cloud and Sedgwick +counties. Status in west poorly known; not reported at Garden City by +Marvin D. Schwilling. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Passerella iliaca._ Fox Sparrow. Fairly common transient and uncommon +winter resident in east; probably occurs in west but status there poorly +known. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. i. iliaca_ (Merrem); other subspecies + may be found in west when specimens become available. + + +_Melospiza lincolnii._ Lincoln Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon +winter resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. l. lincolnii_ (Audubon) throughout + state; _M. l. alticola_ (Miller and McCabe) in extreme west. + + +_Melospiza georgiana._ Swamp Sparrow. Common transient and uncommon +winter resident in east. Western limit of range in Kansas not known +(rare transient in Cloud and Finney counties--Porter and Schwilling). + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. g. georgiana_ (Latham), _M. g. + ericrypta_ Oberholser. + + +_Melospiza melodia._ Song Sparrow. Common transient and winter resident +throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _M. m. euphonia_ Wetmore, _M. m. juddi_ + Bishop, _M. m. montana_ Henshaw. + + +_Rhynchophanes mccownii_ (Lawrence). McCown Longspur. Transient, common +in west, rare in east, and winter resident, uncommon in west, rare in +east. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Calcarius lapponicus._ Lapland Longspur. Common transient and winter +resident throughout state. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _C. l. lapponicus_ (Linnaeus) is the common + form; _C. l. alascensis_ Ridgway occurs uncommonly (specimens from + Douglas and Hamilton counties). + + +_Calcarius pictus_ (Swainson). Smith Longspur. Fairly common transient +and locally common winter resident except in extreme east, where rare. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +* _Calcarius ornatus_ (Townsend). Chestnut-collared Longspur. Common +transient and winter resident in west, uncommon in east. Formerly, at +least, occurred in summer in High Plains of west; nests found in Ellis +County in 1871 by J. A. Allen. No recent records in summer. + + No subspecies recognized. + + +_Plectrophenax nivalis._ Snow Bunting. Winter visitant at irregular and, +sometimes, long intervals. No specimens preserved in state since 1879. + + Subspecies in Kansas: _P. n. nivalis_ (Linnaeus). + + + _Transmitted May 19, 1955._ + + + + + Index to Common Names + + + Acadian Flycatcher, 334 + Alder Flycatcher, 334 + American Bittern, 312 + American Coot, 322 + American Egret, 311 + American Knot, 325 + American Magpie, 336 + American Merganser, 317 + American Raven, 336 + American Redstart, 346 + American Woodcock, 323 + Arizona Jay, 336 + Ash-throated Flycatcher, 333 + Audubon Warbler, 343 + Avocet, 326 + + Baird Sandpiper, 325 + Baird Sparrow, 350 + Bald Eagle, 319 + Baldpate, 315 + Baltimore Oriole, 347 + Bank Swallow, 335 + Barn Owl, 330 + Barn Swallow, 335 + Barred Owl, 330 + Bay-breasted Warbler, 344 + Bell Vireo, 341 + Belted Kingfisher, 331 + Bewick Wren, 338 + Black and White Warbler, 342 + Black-bellied Plover, 323 + Black-billed Cuckoo, 329 + blackbirds, 346-348 + Blackburnian Warbler, 344 + Black-capped Chickadee, 337 + Black-capped Vireo, 341 + Black-crowned Night Heron, 312 + Black Duck, 314 + Black-headed Grosbeak, 348 + Black-necked Stilt, 326 + Black-poll Warbler, 344 + Black Rail, 322 + Black Tern, 328 + Black-throated Blue Warbler, 343 + Black-throated Gray Warbler, 344 + Black-throated Green Warbler, 344 + Black-throated Sparrow, 352 + Black Vulture, 318 + Blue Goose, 314 + Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 340 + Blue Grosbeak, 348 + Blue Jay, 336 + Blue-winged Teal, 315 + Blue-winged Warbler, 342 + Bobolink, 346 + Bob-white, 321 + Bohemian Waxwing, 340 + Bonaparte Gull, 328 + Brant, 314 + Brewer Blackbird, 347 + Brewer Sparrow, 352 + Broad-winged Hawk, 319 + Bronzed Grackle, 348 + Brown Creeper, 337 + Brown Pelican, 311 + Brown Thrasher, 338 + Buff-breasted Sandpiper, 326 + Buffle-head, 316 + Bullock Oriole, 347 + buntings, 348-354 + Burrowing Owl, 330 + + California Gull, 327 + Calliope Hummingbird, 331 + Canada Goose, 313 + Canada Warbler, 346 + Canvas-back, 316 + Cape May Warbler, 343 + Cardinal, 348 + Carolina Chickadee, 337 + Carolina Paroquet, 329 + Carolina Wren, 338 + Caspian Tern, 328 + Cassin Kingbird, 333 + Cassin Sparrow, 351 + Catbird, 338 + Cedar Waxwing, 340 + Cerulean Warbler, 344 + Chestnut-backed Bluebird, 339 + Chestnut-collared Longspur, 354 + Chestnut-sided Warbler, 344 + chickadees, 337 + Chimney Swift, 331 + Chipping Sparrow, 352 + Chuck-will's-widow, 331 + Cinnamon Teal, 315 + Clark Nutcracker, 337 + Clay-colored Sparrow, 352 + Cliff Swallow, 335 + Common Loon, 310 + Common Scoter, 317 + Common Tern, 328 + Cooper Hawk, 318 + cormorants, 311 + corvids, 336-337 + Cowbird, 348 + cranes, 321 + Crested Flycatcher, 333 + crossbills, 350 + Crow, 336 + cuckoos, 329-330 + + Dickcissel, 349 + Double-crested Cormorant, 311 + doves, 328-329 + Downy Woodpecker, 333 + Duck Hawk, 320 + ducks, 314-317 + + eagles, 319 + Eared Grebe, 310 + Eastern Bluebird, 339 + Eastern Goldfinch, 350 + Eastern Kingbird, 333 + Eastern Meadowlark, 346 + Eastern Phoebe, 334 + Eastern Wood Pewee, 335 + Eider, 316 + English Sparrow, 346 + Eskimo Curlew, 324 + European Widgeon, 315 + Evening Grosbeak, 349 + + falcons, 320 + Ferruginous Rough-leg, 319 + Field Sparrow, 352 + finches, 348-354 + Flamingo, 313 + Florida Gallinule, 322 + flycatchers, 333-335 + Forster Tern, 328 + Fox Sparrow, 353 + Franklin Gull, 327 + Fulvous Tree-duck, 314 + + Gadwall, 315 + geese, 313-314 + Glaucous Gull, 327 + goatsuckers, 331 + Golden-crowned Kinglet, 340 + Golden Eagle, 319 + Golden-eye, 316 + Golden Plover, 323 + Golden-winged Warbler, 342 + Goshawk, 318 + Grasshopper Sparrow, 350 + Gray-cheeked Thrush, 339 + Great Blue Heron, 311 + Greater Prairie Chicken, 320 + Greater Scaup Duck, 316 + Greater Yellow-legs, 325 + grebes, 310 + Green Heron, 312 + Green-tailed Towhee, 350 + Green-winged Teal, 315 + Groove-billed Ani, 330 + grosbeaks, 348-349 + Ground Dove, 329 + grouse, 320-321 + gulls, 327-328 + Gyrfalcon, 320 + + Hairy Woodpecker, 333 + Harris Hawk, 319 + Harris Sparrow, 353 + Hawk Owl, 330 + hawks, 318-320 + Henslow Sparrow, 351 + Hermit Thrush, 339 + herons, 311-312 + Herring Gull, 327 + Hooded Merganser, 317 + Hooded Oriole, 347 + Hooded Warbler, 346 + Horned Grebe, 310 + Horned Lark, 335 + Horned Owl, 330 + House Finch, 349 + House Wren, 337 + Hudsonian Curlew, 324 + Hudsonian Godwit, 326 + hummingbirds, 331 + + ibises, 312-313 + Inca Dove, 329 + Indigo Bunting, 349 + + jaegers, 327 + jays, 336-337 + juncos, 352 + + Kentucky Warbler, 345 + Killdeer, 323 + King Eider, 316 + kingfisher, 331 + kinglets, 340 + King Rail, 321 + kites, 318 + Kittiwake, 328 + + Ladder-backed Woodpecker, 333 + Lapland Longspur, 353 + lark, 335 + Lark Bunting, 350 + Lark Sparrow, 351 + Laughing Gull, 327 + Lazuli Bunting, 349 + Least Bittern, 312 + Least Flycatcher, 334 + Least Sandpiper, 325 + Least Tern, 328 + Leconte Sparrow, 351 + Lesser Prairie Chicken, 320 + Lesser Scaup Duck, 316 + Lesser Yellow-legs, 325 + Lewis Woodpecker, 332 + Lincoln Sparrow, 353 + Little Blue Heron, 312 + Loggerhead Shrike, 341 + Long-billed Curlew, 324 + Long-billed Dowitcher, 325 + Long-billed Marsh Wren, 338 + Long-eared Owl, 330 + longspurs, 353-354 + Long-tailed Jaeger, 327 + loons, 310 + Louisiana Heron, 312 + Louisiana Water-thrush, 345 + + Macgillivray Warbler, 345 + Magnolia Warbler, 343 + magpie, 336 + Mallard, 314 + Man-o'-war-bird, 311 + Marbled Godwit, 326 + Marsh Hawk, 320 + McCown Longspur, 353 + meadowlarks, 346-347 + Mexican Cormorant, 311 + Mississippi Kite, 318 + Mockingbird, 338 + Mottled Duck, 314 + Mountain Bluebird, 340 + Mountain Plover, 323 + Mourning Dove, 329 + Mourning Warbler, 345 + Myrtle Warbler, 343 + + Nashville Warbler, 343 + Nighthawk, 331 + Northern Phalarope, 327 + Northern Shrike, 341 + Northern Water-thrush, 345 + nuthatches, 337 + + Old-squaw, 316 + Olive-backed Thrush, 339 + Olive-sided Flycatcher, 335 + Orange-crowned Warbler, 343 + Orchard Oriole, 347 + Oregon Junco, 352 + orioles, 347 + Osprey, 320 + Oven-bird, 345 + owls, 330-331 + + Painted Bunting, 349 + Palm Warbler, 345 + Parula Warbler, 343 + Passenger Pigeon, 329 + Pectoral Sandpiper, 325 + pelicans, 311 + phalaropes, 326-327 + Philadelphia Vireo, 342 + Pied-billed Grebe, 310 + Pigeon Hawk, 320 + pigeons, 328-329 + Pileated Woodpecker, 332 + Pine Grosbeak, 349 + Pine Siskin, 349 + Pine Warbler, 344 + Pine-woods Sparrow, 351 + Pinon Jay, 337 + Pintail, 315 + Piping Plover, 323 + pipits, 340 + plovers, 323 + Pomarine Jaeger, 327 + Poor-will, 331 + Prairie Falcon, 320 + Prairie Warbler, 344 + Prothonotary Warbler, 342 + Purple Finch, 349 + Purple Gallinule, 322 + Purple Martin, 336 + + quail, 321 + + rails, 321-322 + ravens, 336 + Red-backed Sandpiper, 325 + Red-bellied Woodpecker, 332 + Red-breasted Merganser, 317 + Red-breasted Nuthatch, 337 + Red Crossbill, 350 + Red-eyed Towhee, 350 + Red-eyed Vireo, 342 + Redhead, 315 + Red-headed Woodpecker, 332 + Red-necked Grebe, 310 + Red Phalarope, 326 + Redpoll, 349 + Red-shafted Flicker, 332 + Red-shouldered Hawk, 318 + Red-tailed Hawk, 318 + Red-throated Loon, 310 + Red-wing, 347 + Ring-billed Gull, 327 + Ring-necked Duck, 316 + Ring-necked Pheasant, 321 + Road-runner, 329 + Robin, 339 + Rock Dove, 328 + Rock Wren, 338 + Roseate Spoonbill, 313 + Rose-breasted Grosbeak, 348 + Ross Goose, 314 + Rough-legged Hawk, 319 + Rough-winged Swallow, 335 + Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 340 + Ruby-throated Hummingbird, 331 + Ruddy Duck, 317 + Ruddy Turnstone, 323 + Ruffed Grouse, 320 + Rufous-crowned Sparrow, 351 + Rusty Blackbird, 347 + + Sabine Gull, 328 + Sage Thrasher, 338 + Sanderling, 326 + Sandhill Crane, 321 + sandpipers, 323-326 + Savannah Sparrow, 350 + Saw-whet Owl, 330 + Say Phoebe, 334 + Scaled Quail, 321 + Scarlet Tanager, 348 + Scissor-tailed Flycatcher, 333 + Screech Owl, 330 + Scrub Jay, 336 + Semipalmated Plover, 323 + Semipalmated Sandpiper, 325 + Sharp-shinned Hawk, 318 + Sharp-tailed Grouse, 321 + Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 351 + Short-billed Dowitcher, 325 + Short-billed Marsh Wren, 338 + Short-eared Owl, 330 + shrikes, 341 + Shoveller, 315 + Slate-colored Junco, 352 + Smith Longspur, 353 + Snow Bunting, 354 + Snow Goose, 314 + Snowy Egret, 311 + Snowy Owl, 330 + Snowy Plover, 323 + Solitary Sandpiper, 324 + Solitary Vireo, 341 + Song Sparrow, 353 + Sora, 322 + Sparrow Hawk, 320 + sparrows, 348-354 + Spotted Sandpiper, 324 + Sprague Pipit, 340 + Starling, 341 + Steller Jay, 336 + Stilt Sandpiper, 325 + Summer Tanager, 348 + Surf Scoter, 317 + Swainson Hawk, 319 + swallows, 335-336 + Swallow-tailed Kite, 318 + Swamp Sparrow, 353 + swans, 313 + swift, 331 + Sycamore Warbler, 344 + + tanagers, 348 + Tennessee Warbler, 342 + terns, 328 + thrashers, 338 + thrushes, 339-340 + towhees, 350 + Townsend Solitaire, 340 + Townsend Warbler, 344 + Tree Sparrow, 352 + Tree Swallow, 335 + Trumpeter Swan, 313 + Tufted Titmouse, 337 + Turkey, 321 + Turkey Vulture, 317 + + Upland Plover, 324 + + Varied Thrush, 339 + Veery, 339 + Vesper Sparrow, 351 + Violet-green Swallow, 335 + vireos, 341-342 + Virginia Rail, 322 + Virginia Warbler, 343 + vultures, 317-318 + + warblers, 342-346 + Warbling Vireo, 342 + Water Pipit, 340 + Water-turkey, 311 + waxwings, 340 + Western Flycatcher, 334 + Western Grebe, 310 + Western Kingbird, 333 + Western Meadowlark, 347 + Western Sandpiper, 326 + Western Tanager, 348 + Western Wood Pewee, 335 + Whip-poor-will, 331 + Whistling Swan, 313 + White-breasted Nuthatch, 337 + White-crowned Sparrow, 353 + White-eyed Vireo, 341 + White-faced Glossy Ibis, 313 + White-fronted Goose, 314 + White-necked Raven, 336 + White Pelican, 311 + White-rumped Sandpiper, 325 + White-throated Sparrow, 353 + White-winged Crossbill, 350 + White-winged Junco, 352 + White-winged Scoter, 317 + Whooping Crane, 321 + Willet, 324 + Williamson Sapsucker, 333 + Wilson Phalarope, 326 + Wilson Snipe, 324 + Wilson Warbler, 346 + Winter Wren, 337 + Wood Duck, 315 + Wood Ibis, 312 + woodpeckers, 331-333 + Wood Thrush, 339 + Worm-eating Warbler, 342 + wrens, 337-338 + Wright Flycatcher, 334 + + Yellow-bellied Flycatcher, 334 + Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 332 + Yellow-billed Cuckoo, 329 + Yellow-breasted Chat, 346 + Yellow-crowned Night Heron, 312 + Yellow-headed Blackbird, 347 + Yellow Rail, 322 + Yellow-shafted Flicker, 331 + Yellow-throat, 345 + Yellow-throated Vireo, 341 + Yellow Warbler, 343 + + + + + [Illustration: FIG. 1. Map of Kansas showing names of counties.] + + + + + UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, + MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + + +Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain +this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas +Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a +particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the +Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There +is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library which +meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which +meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request +copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate +number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying +the costs of wrapping and mailing. + + * An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply + (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, + in this series, are as follows: + + Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950. + + Index. Pp. 605-638. + + *Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest. + Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948. + + Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and + distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures + in text. June 12, 1951. + + *2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds. + By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text. + June 29, 1951. + + 3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale + Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables. + October 10, 1951. + + 4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H. + Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649, + 7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951. + + Index. Pp. 651-681. + + *Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466, + 41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951. + + Vol. 5. 1. Preliminary survey of a Paleocene faunule from the Angels + Peak area, New Mexico. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 1-11, + 1 figure in text. February 24, 1951. + + 2. Two new moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 17-24. February 28, 1951. + + 3. Two new pocket gophers from Wyoming and Colorado. + By E. Raymond Hall and H. Gordon Montague. Pp. 25-32. + February 28, 1951. + + 4. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier + beach of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. + Pp. 33-47, 1 figure in text. October 1, 1951. + + 5. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American rabbits. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith + R. Kelson. Pp. 49-58. October 1, 1951. + + 6. Two new subspecies of Thomomys bottae from New Mexico and + Colorado. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 59-71, 1 figure in text. + October 1, 1951. + + 7. A new subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and + comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller. By E. Raymond Hall + and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 73-79. October 1, 1951. + + 8. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from eastern + Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 81-85. October 1, 1951. + + 9. Mammals taken along the Alaskan Highway. By Rollin H. + Baker. Pp. 87-117, 1 figure in text. November 28, 1951. + + *10. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. By E. Raymond + Hall. Pp. 119-202. 68 figures in text. December 15, 1951. + + 11. A new pocket mouse (Genus Perognathus) from Kansas. By E. + Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 203-206. December 15, 1951. + + 12. Mammals from Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 207-218. December 15, 1951. + + 13. A new pocket gopher (Genus Thomomys) from Wyoming and + Colorado. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 219-222. December 15, + 1951. + + 14. A new name for the Mexican red bat. By E. Raymond Hall. + Pp. 223-226. December 15, 1951. + + 15. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the Genus Rhogeessa. + By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 227-232. April 10, 1952. + + 16. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American woodrats (Genus Neotoma). By Keith R. + Kelson. Pp. 233-242. April 10, 1952. + + 17. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, + Sciurus aureogaster. By Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 243-250, + 1 figure in text. April 10, 1952. + + 18. Geographic range of Peromyscus melanophrys, with + description of new subspecies. By Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 251-258, 1 figure in text. May 10, 1952. + + 19. A new chipmunk (Genus Eutamias) from the Black Hills. + By John A. White. Pp. 259-262. April 10, 1952. + + 20. A new pinon mouse (Peromyscus truei) from Durango, Mexico. + By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 263-267. May 23, 1952. + + 21. An annotated checklist of Nebraskan bats. By Olin L. Webb + and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 269-279. May 31, 1952. + + 22. Geographic variation in red-backed mice (Genus + Clethrionomys) of the southern Rocky Mountain region. + By E. Lendell Cockrum and Kenneth L. Fitch. + Pp. 281-292, 1 figure in text. November 15, 1952. + + 23. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + North American microtines. By E. Raymond Hall and E. + Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 293-312. November 17, 1952. + + 24. The subspecific status of two Central American sloths. + By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. Pp. 313-317. + November 21, 1952. + + 25. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American marsupials, insectivores, and + carnivores. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson. + Pp. 319-341. December 5, 1952. + + 26. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of + some North American rodents. By E. Raymond Hall and Keith + R. Kelson. Pp. 343-371. December 15, 1952. + + 27. A synopsis of the North American microtine rodents. By E. + Raymond Hall and E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 373-498, + 149 figures in text. January 15, 1953. + + 28. The pocket gophers (Genus Thomomys) of Coahuila, Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 499-514, 1 figure in text. + June 1, 1953. + + 29. Geographic distribution of the pocket mouse, Perognathus + fasciatus. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 515-526, 7 figures + in text. August 1, 1953. + + 30. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma mexicana) from + Colorado. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 527-534, + 2 figures in text. August 15, 1953. + + 31. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Cratogeomys from + Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 535-542. + October 15, 1953. + + 32. Genera and subgenera of chipmunks. By John A. White. + Pp. 543-561, 12 figures in text. December 1, 1953. + + 33. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and + Eutamias umbrinus. By John A. White. Pp. 563-582, + 6 figures in text. December 1, 1953. + + 34. Geographic distribution and taxonomy of the chipmunks of + Wyoming. By John A. White. Pp. 584-610, 3 figures in text. + December 1, 1953. + + 35. The baculum of the chipmunks of western North America. By + John A. White. Pp. 611-631, 19 figures in text. + December 1, 1953. + + 36. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. By James S. Findley. Pp. 633-639. December 1, + 1953. + + 37. Seventeen species of bats recorded from Barro Colorado + Island, Panama Canal Zone. By E. Raymond Hall and William + B. Jackson. Pp. 641-646. December 1, 1953. + + Index. Pp. 647-676. + + *Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. + By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text, + 30 tables. August 10, 1952. + + Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303, + 73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952. + + 2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern + Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge. + Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953. + + 3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text. + February 15, 1954. + + 4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H. + Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables. + April 21, 1954. + + 5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker + and James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954. + + 6. Distribution of some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox + Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954. + + 7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse, Microtus + montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. + Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954. + + 8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from southeastern + California and Arizona. By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 507-512. + July 23, 1954. + + 9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California. + By Terry A. Vaughn. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, + 12 tables. November 15, 1954. + + 10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico. + By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954. + + 11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. + By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954. + + 12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys + castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell and + Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955. + + 13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612. April 8, 1955. + + 14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. + By James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955. + + 15. Distribution and systematic position of the pigmy woodrat, + Neotoma goldmani. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin H. Baker. + Pp. 619-624, 2 figs. in text. June 10, 1955. + + Index. Pp. 625-651. + + Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink, Eumeces + fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 2 pls., 26 figs. + in text, 17 tables. September 1, 1954. + + 2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a + taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211, + 23 figures in text, 4 tables. November 15, 1954. + + 3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus + collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne + olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in + text. February 10, 1956. + + 5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B. Tordoff. + Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956. + + More numbers will appear in volume 8. + + Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley. + Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955. + + 2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals + from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and + Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955. + + 3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern + Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains. + Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955. + + More numbers will appear in volume 9. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Check-list of the Birds of Kansas, by +Harrison B Tordoff + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHECK-LIST OF THE BIRDS OF KANSAS *** + +***** This file should be named 34429.txt or 34429.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/4/2/34429/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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