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The Project Gutenberg EBook of Laos Folk-Lore of Farther India, by
Katherine Neville Fleeson

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Title: Laos Folk-Lore of Farther India

Author: Katherine Neville Fleeson

Illustrator: W. A. Briggs

Release Date: March 12, 2011 [EBook #35564]

Language: English

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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

The Contents are placed after the Introduction, as in the original.

Italic type is marked with _underlines_ and bold with *asterisks*.
Footnote references are marked with [brackets] and the texts have been
placed at the end of each story.

Changes to the original publication (possible typographic errors or
inconsistencies) are listed at the end.




                    Laos Folk-Lore of Farther India


[Illustration: A Group of Laos Girls.]


                             Laos Folk-Lore
                                   of
                             Farther India

                                   BY
                       Katherine Neville Fleeson

              With Illustrations from Photographs taken by
                          W. A. Briggs, M. D.

                      NEW YORK   CHICAGO   TORONTO
                       Fleming H. Revell Company
                  Publishers of Evangelical Literature


                            Copyright, 1899
                                   by
                       FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY




Introduction


These Folk-Tales from the Laos country, a part of the kingdom of Siam,
in addition to their intrinsic merit have the charm of complete novelty.
Until the translator of this volume collected these stories, they were
even unwritten, with a single exception which was found in a Laos
manuscript. They are orally preserved in the provinces which constitute
the Laos country, just as they have been handed down from generations of
ancestors, with slight variations in words or incidents. The elders
among the people tell the stories at their merrymakings around the
camp-fires and within their primitive houses, to amuse and instruct the
youth and children.

Living among the Laos in the friendly and intimate relation of a
missionary, the translator has had the advantage of long residence and
unrivalled opportunity for understanding the history, customs, religious
ideas and aspirations of this interesting people. Aptness in use of
their colloquial speech gave her special facility for gathering the
stories with exactness, as they fell from the lips of the narrators in
her hearing; and for the delicate additional task of translating them
into English. The scholar, who is a student of the world's Folk-Lore,
may be assured that he has here, the Laos tales unobscured, just as they
are told to-day.

Reflecting, as they do, thoughts, desires and hopes common to our
humanity, these stories at the same time exhibit, in a pathetic way, the
need in Laos of the uplifting and transforming power of the Christian
religion.

                                                        Willis G. Craig.

  McCormick Theological Seminary,
            Chicago.




Contents


                                                            PAGE

          I. Tales of the Jungle                              13
  1 A Child of the Woods                                      15
  2 The Enchanted Mountain                                    17
  3 The Spirit-Guarded Cave                                   20
  4 The Mountain Spirits and the Stone Mortars                23

          II. Fables from the Forest                          25
  1 Right and Might                                           27
  2 Why the Lip of the Elephant Droops                        29
  3 How a Dead Tiger Killed the Princess                      32
  4 The Monkeys and the Crabs                                 33

          III. Nature's Riddles and their Answers             35
  1 The Man in the Moon                                       37
  2 The Origin of Lightning                                   38
  3 Why the Parrot and the Minor Bird but
    Echo the Words of Man                                     41
  4 The Fatherless Birds                                      44

          IV. Romance and Tragedy                             47
  1 The Lovers' Leap                                          49
  2 The Faithful Husband                                      51
  3 The Faithful Wife                                         57
  4 An Unexpected Issue                                       60

          V. Temples and Priests                              63
  1 The Giants' Mountain and the Temple                       65
  2 Cheating the Priest                                       67
  3 The Disappointed Priest                                   69
  4 The Greedy Priest                                         71
  5 The Ambitious Priest                                      73

          VI. Moderation and Greed                            75
  1 The Wizard and the Beggar                                 77
  2 A Covetous Neighbor                                       80
  3 A Lazy Man's Plot                                         83
  4 The Ungrateful Fisherman                                  84
  5 The Legend of the Rice                                    85

          VII. Parables and Proverbs                          87
  1 "One Woman, in Deceit and Craft,
    is More than a Match for Eight Men"                       89
  2 "The Wisest Man of a Small Village
    is Not Equal in Wisdom to a Boy
    of the City Streets"                                      93
  3 "To Aid Beast is Merit;
    to Aid Man is But Vanity"                                 95

          VIII. The Gods Know and the Gods Reward             99
  1 Love's Secrets                                           101
  2 Poison-Mouth                                             103
  3 Strife and Peace                                         105
  4 The Widow's Punishment                                   107
  5 Honesty Rewarded                                         109
  6 The Justice of In Ta Pome                                111

          IX. Wonders of Wisdom                              113
  1 The Words of Untold Value                                115
  2 A Wise Philosopher                                       119
  3 The Boys Who Were Not Appreciated                        122
  4 The Magic Well                                           126

          X. Strange Fortunes of Strange People              129
  1 The Fortunes of Ai Powlo                                 131
  2 The Fortunes of a Lazy Beggar                            135
  3 The Misfortunes of Paw Yan                               139
  4 An Unfortunate Shot                                      141

          XI. Stories Gone Astray                            143
  1 The Blind Man                                            145
  2 "Heads, I Win. Tails, You Lose"                          148
  3 The Great Boaster                                        149
  4 A Clever Thief                                           151
  5 Eyeless-Needle, Rotten-Egg, Rotten-Banana,
    Old-Fish and Broken-Pestle                               152




List of Illustrations.


  A Group of Laos Girls                                 _Frontispiece_
  Types of the Laos People                           _Facing page_  15
  A Laos Forest-stream                                  "     "     28
  The Laos Governor's Wife at her Embroidery Frame      "     "     57 
  A Group of Buddhist Priests                      } 
  The Interior of a Buddhist Temple                }    "     "     66
  Monastery Grounds at Chieng Tung, Laos                "     "     72
  At Work in the Rice Fields                            "     "     86
  The "Chow" and his Palace                             "     "     96
  Laos Feast                                       }
  A Street in a Laos Town                          }    "     "    136




  I
  Tales of the Jungle

[Illustration: Types of the Laos People]


A Child of The Woods

Deep in the forest of the North there is a large village of jungle
people, and, among them is one old woman, who is held in reverence by
all. The stranger who asks why she is honored as a princess is thus
answered by her:

"Verily, I have much _boon_,[1] for I am but a child of nature. When I
was a young maiden, it fell upon a day that my heart grew hot with
anger. For many days the anger grew until it filled my whole heart, also
were my eyes so red that I could see but dimly, and no longer could I
live in the village or among my own people, for I hated all men and I
felt that the beasts of the forest were more to me than my kindred.
Therefore, I fled from the face of man into the jungle where no human
foot had ever gone. All day I journeyed, running as though my feet would
never weary and feeling no pangs of hunger. When the darkness closed
about me, I was not afraid, but lay down under the shelter of a tree,
and, for a time, slept peacefully, as peacefully as though in my own
home. At length, I was awakened by the breath of an animal, and, in the
clear light of the moon, I saw a large tiger before me. It smelled of my
face, my hands and my feet, then seated itself by my head and watched me
through the night, and I lay there unafraid. In the early morning, the
tiger departed and I continued my journey. Quieter was my heart. Still,
I disliked my own people but had no fear of the beasts or the reptiles
of the forest.

During the day I ate of the fruit which grew wild in abundance, and at
night I slept 'neath a tree, protected and guarded by fierce, wild
beasts which molested not my sleep. For many days I wandered thus, and
the nights were secure; for the wild beasts watched over and protected
me. Thus my heart grew cool in my bosom, and I no longer hated my
people; and, after one moon had gone, I found myself near a village. The
people wondered to see me approach from the jungle, dreaded as being the
jungle of the man-eating tiger. When I related my story, the people were
filled with wonder and brought rich gifts to me. For a year and a day I
abode there, and no more the wild beasts molested their cattle.

But my heart yearned to see the face of my kindred again, so, laden with
silver, gold and rich garments and seated in the howdah[2] of an
elephant, the people escorted me to my own village, and here have I
abode in content these one hundred years.

  1: Merit.

  2: The car placed on the back of elephants.


The Enchanted Mountain

The hunters who are continually going about from place to place,
climbing up high hills, descending into deep ravines and making ways
through jungles in search of the wild bison and other game, tell strange
tales of an enchanted place away on the top of a lofty mountain. There,
is a beautiful lake, which is as bright and clear as a drop of morning
dew hanging on the petal of the white water-lily, and, when you drink of
it, you are no longer aweary; new life has come into you, and your body
is more vigorous than ever before. The flowers on the margin of this
enchanted lake are more beautiful than those that grow in any other
spot, and, such is the love of the cherishing spirits for it, that they
care for it as for no other place in this world. Bananas of a larger
growth than can be found in the gardens of man, and oranges, sweeter to
the taste than those we ever eat, are there. The fruits of all trees,
more beautiful to the eye and richer than man can produce, are there,
free to those who can find them. All the fowls usually nurtured by man
and flocking about his door are there, and they are not affrighted by
the presence of the hunter but come at his call. Should the hunter wish
to kill them, his arrow cannot pierce their charmed bodies to deprive
them of life, but the arrow falls harmless to the ground, because the
spirits protect them and their lives are sacred. Great fields of rice
are about this place, and the hunter marvels at the size of the grains
and at the strength of the stalks. No field cared for by man has seen
grain like that which the spirits nourish.

Many men, on hearing of this wonderful mountain-top, have sought it, but
all have returned unsuccessful to their homes, saying, no such place is
on this earth. Only the hunter, who has chased the game through the
jungle, o'er the streams and up the steep mountain-sides, when tired and
discouraged because the coveted prize has gone far beyond his reach, is
rewarded for all his labor, when he finds himself in the garden of
fruit, or on the margin of the enchanted lake, whose waters give renewed
vigor to his wearied body.

Often, when the hunter desires to eat of the flesh of the fowls, he
endeavors to kill the fowls, but no effort of his can take their life,
as the spirits hold them in their care. No mortal can harm them. Nor can
the hunter take any of the fruit away, for, as he leaves the spot, no
matter how he may hold it, it vanishes from his hand. Thus, no man, who
has not seen the place, has eaten of the fruit nor drank of the water;
so, many doubt their existence, for such is the heart of man that he
must touch with his hands, see with his eyes, or taste with his tongue,
ere he can believe. Nevertheless, on the top of the lofty mountain there
is the lake with the cool waters, clear and beautiful, where the fowls
swim on its surface, or drink from its margin, and the grain and the
fruit ripen for those who are loved of the spirits, and are led by them
to this cherished spot where they may rest and be refreshed, and then
return to their wives and children and tell them of the care of the
spirits. The little ones, who have hearts free from guile, believe.


The Spirit-Guarded Cave

When the people of the far north[3] were molested by their foes and were
in continual fear, they consulted together, saying, "Our lives are spent
in trying to escape from our enemies and no joy can be ours. Let us flee
to the south country[4] where, if the people make slaves of us, we can,
at least, know that our lives will be spared, and life, even in slavery,
is better than this constant fear of our enemies destroying both
ourselves and our dwelling-places and taking our cattle for their own."
Therefore, they gathered together all their household goods, secreted
their money and jewels about their persons, and, loading their cattle
with rice, they commenced their toilsome journey through the narrow
jungle paths and across the high mountains on their way to the south,
where they hoped for peace and safety. The way was long and difficult,
and the rice was all eaten and the cattle killed and consumed before
they had nearly reached their journey's end. Then the fugitives
commenced to use their money to buy food that they might have strength
for the journey, and they whispered one to another that the people
looked with covetous eyes on their hoard of money and jewels, and they
feared they would be slain because of the greed of the people.

One man, wiser than the others, said, "Why do we endanger our lives for
our possessions? Can we not find some secret place in which to leave our
money and jewels, and when brighter days come to us we can return and
find them even as we left them?"

All the people cried, "Your words are wise. Let us do accordingly," and
as these people were loved of the spirits, they were led to a deep cave
in the midst of a wood where man seldom came, and there they left their
possessions in the care of the spirits who promised to guard them until
in the days, when life being brighter and more secure, the owners would
come and claim them.

The people journeyed on to the south country, and there lived as slaves.
Many generations of them lived and died, but they could not escape nor
come to claim the vast wealth and jewels which they had left in care of
the spirits of the cave.

The story became known, and the inhabitants of all the surrounding
countries went to the cave and sought to secure the treasure. But such
was the care of the spirits that no man with safety could enter the
cave. A light was instantly extinguished, if let down into the deep pit
leading into the chamber where the treasure was, for the spirits blew
their breath upon it and it was no more. All devices were tried to
obtain the treasure, and from all parts of the country the people came
to try to overcome the charm which the spirits had placed upon the cave,
but no one was able to break it. One man went even into the treasure
chamber and filled his hands with the precious stones, but he was
overcome by a deadly sickness and was forced to replace the jewels in
the treasure chest and flee for his life so as to escape the wrath of
the guarding spirits. Even the white, foreign strangers, who have come
into the land and placed their strong hands on the elephants and the
trees[5] of the forest and claimed them for their use, were baffled and
driven back by the faithful spirits when they endeavored to enter the
treasure chamber, and for all time this treasure shall remain there,
for, if the white foreigner, by his wisdom, or by his craft, fails to
obtain it, verily it will remain untouched forever.

  3: In China.

  4: Siam.

  5: Teak-wood.


The Mountain Spirits and the Stone Mortars

The spirits, who lived in the mountains near a large city, upon a time
wanted money for some purpose, and they brought down to the people of
the city a number of large and heavy stone mortars which they commanded
them to buy at an exorbitant price.

The men of the city said, "The price you ask is too great; moreover, we
have no need of your mortars, as they are too large for us to use in
pounding out our rice, or for any other purpose. Therefore, we do not
wish to buy them."

The spirits were very angry because they did not cheerfully agree to pay
the money, and answered, "If you will not buy these mortars which we
have brought for your use, you shall carry them up to our home on the
top of the mountain, for the labor of bringing them down has wearied
us."

Not daring to incur the wrath of the spirits, and yet being utterly
unable to carry the huge mortars to the high mountain, they paid the
price, for, they reasoned, "Is any price too great to risk our falling
under the displeasure of the evil spirits?"

The spirits departed with the money, and to this day, the stone mortars
are scattered about the streets of that city, and, when strangers ask
why they are there and what use is made of them, this story will be
told, and all people say it is verily the truth, for do you not see them
with your eyes, and how else could they have come here, had not the
spirits brought them?




  II
  Fables From the Forest


Right and Might

While a deer was eating wild fruit, he heard an owl call, "Haak,
haak,"[6] and a cricket cry, "Wat,"[7] and, frightened, he fled.

In his flight he ran through the trees up into the mountains and into
streams. In one of the streams the deer stepped upon a small fish and
crushed it almost to death.

Then the fish complained to the court, and the deer, owl, cricket and
fish had a lawsuit. In the trial came out this evidence:

As the deer fled, he ran into some dry grass, and the seed fell into the
eye of a wild chicken, and the pain of the seed in the eye of the
chicken caused it to fly up against a nest of red ants. Alarmed, the red
ants flew out to do battle, and in their haste, bit a mon-goose. The
mon-goose ran into a vine of wild fruit and shook several pieces of it
on the head of a hermit, who sat thinking under a tree.

"Why didst thou, O fruit, fall on my head," cried the hermit.

The fruit answered: "We did not wish to fall; a mon-goose ran against
our vine and threw us down."

And the hermit asked, "O mon-goose, why didst thou throw the fruit?"

The mon-goose answered: "I did not wish to throw down the fruit, but the
red ants bit me and I ran against the vine."

The hermit asked, "O ants, why did ye bite the mon-goose?"

The red ants replied: "The hen flew against our nest and angered us."

The hermit asked, "O hen, why didst thou fly against the red ants'
nest?"

And the hen replied: "The seed fell into my eyes and hurt me."

And the hermit asked, "O seed, why didst thou fall into the hen's eyes?"

And the seed replied: "The deer shook me down."

The hermit said unto the deer, "O deer, why didst thou shake down the
seed?"

The deer answered: "I did not wish to do it, but the owl called,
frightening me and I ran."

"O owl," asked the hermit, "why didst thou frighten the deer?"

The owl replied: "I called but as I am accustomed to call--the cricket,
too, called."

Having heard the evidence, the judge said, "The cricket must replace the
crushed parts of the fish and make it well," as he, the cricket, had
called and frightened the deer.

       *       *       *       *       *

The cricket was smaller and weaker than the owl or the deer, therefore
had to bear the penalty.

  6: Haak--a spear.

  7: Wat--surrounded.

[Illustration: A Laos Forest-stream.]


Why the Lip of the Elephant Droops

In the days when the earth was young lived a poor man and his wife who
had twelve daughters, whom they no longer loved and no longer desired.
Day after day the father and mother planned to be free of them, and upon
a day, the father made ready a basket; in the bottom he placed ashes,
but on the top he spread rice. Taking this basket with him, he called
his daughters to come go to the jungle to hunt for game.

When the heat of the day had come, they all sat down to eat, and, after
they had eaten, the father gave each daughter a bamboo joint, and bade
her get water for him. The joints were so made that they would not hold
water, and while the maidens endeavored to make them so they would, the
father returned home. In vain did the maidens try to make the joints
hold the water and after a time they sought their father, but, lo, the
father was gone and only the basket remained! Examining the basket, they
found rice but on the top, and on the bottom filled with ashes, so they
knew their parents sought to be free of them by leaving them in the
trackless jungle. Unable to find their way out, there they slept
peacefully, for the wild beasts molest not those who fearlessly stay
with them.

As the eye of day opened in the East, the forlorn maidens beheld, as
they awakened, a beautiful woman standing near, and of her they sought
help.

"Come with me and be companions to my little daughter. Often am I away
from home and she is lonely. Come home with me, play with my daughter,
and, in exchange I will give you a home," said the beautiful woman.

Gladly the maidens consented and went with the woman to her home far in
the jungle. All places save one small garden were they free to enter.
And upon a day, the fair woman said, "I go to the jungle and will not
return until the eye of day has closed. Do not play in the small
garden." Scarcely had she gone ere she returned, but the maidens had not
sought the garden.

Again, upon a day, the fair woman said, "I go to the jungle but for a
short time. Go not to play in the small garden."

Thinking she would this time be gone all day, the maidens sought the
small garden, and lo, it was strewn with human bones! Then they knew the
fair woman was a cannibal. Full of fear, they fled, and, as they fled
they met a cow.

"Protect us," they cried.

The cow opened its mouth and the maidens jumped in. Thus they journeyed
from the cannibal's home. As the cow returned, it met the fair woman
seeking the maidens.

"Have you seen twelve maidens pass this way?" asked she.

"No," answered the cow.

"If you do not speak the truth, I'll kill and eat you," cried she.

"I saw them as they made haste in that way," replied the cow.

The cannibal woman pursued that way.

After the cow left them, the maidens hastened on and as they hastened
they met an elephant and begged it to save them from the cannibal.

The elephant opened its mouth and the maidens jumped in, but so slowly
did one jump that an edge of her garment hung out of the mouth. As they
journeyed the cannibal overtook them.

"Did you see twelve maidens hastening toward the city?" asked the
cannibal.

"No," answered the elephant.

"From this time forth forever the lip of thy mouth shall hang down as a
garment," cursed the cannibal, for she had seen the edge of the maiden's
garment hanging out of the elephant's mouth and knew it was protecting
the twelve maidens. And to this day doth the lip of the elephant hang
down like a garment.


How a Dead Tiger Killed the Princess

There was once a king who had a daughter at whose birth a wise man
foretold that she would be killed by a tiger when she was a maiden
grown. In order that no animal might approach her, the king built her a
house set upon one huge pillar, and there she and her attendants ever
dwelt.

And it fell upon a day, when the daughter was well grown, that one of
the hunters, whose labor it was to kill the tigers of the country,
brought a dead one to the palace of the king. The princess, seeing her
dead enemy, came down from her tower and plucked a whisker from the
tiger, and, as she blew her breath on it, she cried, "I do not fear
thee, O my enemy, for thou art dead!" But the poison, which is in the
whiskers of a tiger, entered into the blood of the princess, and she
died.

Then did the king make a proclamation, and sent messengers throughout
all his realm, commanding that, when a tiger was killed, all his
whiskers be immediately pulled out and burned, that a tiger may not be
able to slay when dead; and until this day, the people obey the command
of the king.


The Monkeys and the Crabs

All the monkeys which live in the forests near the great sea in the
south, watch the tide running out, hoping to catch the sea-crabs which
are left in the soft earth. If they can find a crab above the ground,
they immediately catch and eat it.

Sometimes, the crabs bury themselves in the mud, and the monkeys, seeing
the tunnels they have made, reach down into them with their long tails,
and torment the crabs until they, in anger, seizing the tormenting tail,
are drawn out and devoured by their cunning foes. But, sometimes, alas,
the crab fails to come out! No matter with what strength the monkey
pulls and tugs, the crabs do not appear, and the poor monkey is held
fast, while the tide comes in and drowns it. When the tide goes out
again, leaving the luckless monkey on the beach, the crabs come out from
their strongholds and feast on the dead enemy.




  III
  Nature's Riddles and Their Answers


The Man in the Moon

There was a blacksmith once, who complained: "I am not well, and my work
is too warm. I want to be a stone on the mountain. There it must be
cool, for the wind blows and the trees give a shade."

A wise man, who had power over all things, replied, "Go thou, be a
stone." And he was a stone, high up on the mountain-side.

It happened a stone-cutter came that way for stone, and, when he saw the
one that had been the blacksmith, he knew it was what he sought and he
began to cut it.

The stone cried out: "This hurts. I no longer want to be a stone. A
stone-cutter I want to be. That would be pleasant."

The wise man, humoring him, said, "Be a cutter." Thus he became a
stone-cutter and, as he went seeking suitable stone, he grew tired, and
his feet were sore. He whimpered, "I no longer want to cut stone. I
would be the sun, that would be pleasant."

The wise man commanded, "Be the sun." And he was the sun.

But the sun was warmer than the blacksmith, than a stone, than a
stone-cutter, and he complained, "I do not like this. I would be the
moon. It looks cool."

The wise man spake yet again, "Be the moon." And he was the moon.

"This is warmer than being the sun," murmured he, "for the light from
the sun shines on me ever. I do not want to be the moon. I would be a
smith again. That, verily, is the best life."

But the wise man replied, "I am weary of your changing. You wanted to be
the moon; the moon you are, and it you will remain."

And in yon high heaven lives he to this day.


The Origin of Lightning

There was once a great chief who desired above all things to be happy in
the future life, therefore he continually made feasts for the priests
and the poor; spending much money in making merit. He had ten wives,
nine of whom helped him in all the merit-makings, but the head wife, his
favorite, would never take part. Laughing, and making herself beautiful
in soft garments and jewels, she gave naught to the priests.

And on a day, when the great chief and his nine merit-making wives were
no more, but had gone to live in the sky on account of their
merit-making, the great chief longed for his favorite, and taking a
glass, he looked down on the earth to see her. After many days, he
beheld her as a crane hunting for food on the border of a lake. The
great chief, to try her heart and to see if she had repented, came down
from his home in the sky in the form of a fish, and swam to the crane.
Seeing the fish, the crane pecked at it, but the fish sprang out of the
water, and when the crane saw it was alive, she would not touch it.
Again the fish floated near the crane and she pecked at it, but on
finding it was alive let it escape. Then was the heart of the great
chief glad, for he saw that his favorite wife would not destroy life
even to satisfy her hunger, and he knew that her merit was such she
could be born in the form of a woman again.

It happened on a day that the crane died, and, when again born, had the
form of a gardener's child. As the child grew in years and stature, she
was fairer than any other in the land, and, when a maiden, the father
and mother made a feast, inviting all the people to come. During the
feast, they gave a wreath of beautiful flowers to their daughter and
said, "Throw this into the air, and on whosesoever head it falls, that
one will be to thee a husband."

The great chief, her husband of old, seeking her, came down to the earth
in the form of an old man, and, when the maiden cast the wreath into the
air, it fell on the head of this old man.

Great sport was made of him, and tauntingly the people cried, "Does this
bent stick think he is mate for our lotus flower?"

But the fair maiden placed her hand in the old man's hand, and, together
they rose into the air. In vain they sought to detain them--the father
even shot at the old man, but they were soon lost to sight, and to this
day, when the people see the chain lightning in the sky, they say it is
the wreath of the beautiful maiden; when the lightning strikes, they say
it is the gardener shooting at the old man, and, when the heat lightning
flashes, they say it is the great chief flashing his glass over the
earth in search of his favorite and beautiful wife.


Why the Parrot and the Minor Bird but Echo the Words of Man

Long ago people caught and nourished the sao bird, because it learned
the language of man more readily than either the parrot or minor bird.
While they had to be taught with much care, the sao bird had but to hear
a word and it could readily utter it; moreover, the sao bird could utter
its own thoughts.

Upon a time a man of the north country, owning a sao bird, stole a
buffalo from his neighbor and killed it. Part of the buffalo the man
cooked and ate; the rest he hid either in the rice bin or over the rice
house.

Seeking the buffalo, next day, the neighbor asked the man if he had seen
it.

The man replied, "No." The sao bird, however, cried out, "He killed it;
part he hid in the rice bin, part over the rice house."

The neighbor searched in both of these places and found the parts just
as the sao bird had said.

"I did not steal the buffalo," insisted the man.

But the bird ever called, "He killed it and put part into the rice bin,
and part over the rice house."

Unable to decide between the words of the man and the words of the bird,
the neighbor appealed to the court. And, it happened, the night before
the trial, that the man took the sao bird, placed it in a jar, covered
the jar and poured water over the cloth and beat on the outside of the
jar. The noise of the beating was low and rumbling. All that night was
the bird kept in the jar, and not once did it see the bright moonlight,
which was almost as bright as day, for it was in the midst of the dry
season and full moon. When the eye of day opened, the man removed the
bird from the jar and placed it in its cage, and then took it to the
court as a witness.

When the bird was called, it said, as before, "He killed it; part he put
in the rice bin, and part over the rice house."

All people believed the bird.

"Ask it another question. Ask it what manner of night it was last night.
Will you condemn me to death on the word of a bird?" cried the man.

The question was put to the bird, but, remembering its fear, during the
night, of the rumbling noise and the sound of running water, it
answered, "Last night the sky called and the rain fell."

Then the people cried, "Of a truth, the bird cannot be believed. Because
it has imperilled the life of an innocent man, from this time forth, the
sao bird must not be cherished by man."

The thief was set free because there were but the words of the bird to
condemn him.

No longer is the sao bird nourished by man, but lives in the forest.
Those who are full of fear, when they hear them talking in the forest,
say, "it is the spirits."

When the sao bird saw the bright plumage of the parrot, and the black
and gold of the minor bird, it knew they were strangers who had come to
dwell in the north, and it asked the crow and the owl what manner of
birds they were.

"Beautiful in plumage, as thou canst readily see," answered they.
"Moreover, they speak the words of man."

"Speak the words of man," echoed the sao bird. "I'll warn them. Come,
let us greet them." And they went forth to meet the beautiful strangers.

And upon a day, as they all came together in one place, the sao bird
cried out, "We, the chief birds of the north land, come to greet you and
to give you of our wisdom, as you are but strangers in our land. It is
told me you speak as does man; even so can I. Nourished by the hand of
man many years, I did see with my eyes and hear with my ears, and my
tongue uttered not only the things I beheld and heard, but things
displeasing to my masters. At one time, all men spoke well of me, but
afterward was I cruelly punished and driven from the homes of men.
Therefore come I this day unto you to warn you that, if man learns of
your speaking tongue, he will capture you and nourish you in his home.
Yet, should you speak other than he teaches you, you will be punished
and driven from the homes of men, for man loves only to hear _his_
thoughts repeated and loves not even a bird that has wisdom or truth
greater than his own."

       *       *       *       *       *

Fearful of uttering their thoughts, lest man resent it, the parrot and
minor bird but echo the words of man.


The Fatherless Birds

A mother bird sat brooding on her nest. Her heart was sad, for her mate
had flown away in the morning and had not returned. When the little ones
stirred and clamored for food, with drooping wings she flew in quest of
it that they might not hunger.

Day after day her heart grew sadder, for her mate came not, and alone
she struggled to provide for her fledglings.

When the little birds had grown strong and were able to fly, sorrow and
heart hunger had so weakened the mother bird that she lay dying. The
little birds crowded about her asking what they could do to aid her, and
with her dying breath she cried, "Call, oh, call your father."

The little birds, flying low over the plains, cried, "Paw hueey, paw
hueey," and children, left alone in their homes, while their parents
labor in the rice fields, hearing the wail of the birds, wept, crying
too, "Paw hueey, maa hueey."[8]

Never has the father bird been found, and, to this day, flying low over
the plains, the little birds cry, in their plaintive voices, "Paw hueey,
paw hueey," and lonely children echo, "Paw hueey, maa hueey."

  8: Paw hueey--Oh, father! Maa hueey--Oh, mother!




  IV
  Romance and Tragedy


The Lovers' Leap

Many, many years ago there lived, on the mountains among the rapids of
the Maa Ping, a young man who loved a maiden and the maiden loved him
truly, but her father refused his consent to their union and commanded
that his daughter see her lover no more, nor hold communication with
him. At all times and in all ways the father of the maiden endeavored to
overcome her regard for her lover, but she would think of no other,
although many came to woo her.

Often did the young lovers seek to meet, but so constantly were they
watched it was impossible and they could only wait patiently. Each knew
the other was true and each heart rested in this assurance.

And upon a time the father of the maiden thought she had forgotten her
lover, and, greatly rejoiced, he made a feast and invited all the people
of the province to come and make merry with him, and he reasoned, "Now
that she has forgotten her former lover, will she not consent to marry a
man I choose for her?"

While they were feasting the maiden wandered out to think of the one she
had not seen for so long and weary a time, and, suddenly, the dark
evening became to her as the bright noonday, for her lover was before
her. He entreated her to come with him and to be his wife. Thinking of
the dreary days she had passed and the more dreary ones to come, should
she see her heart's choice no more, she consented. As they were mounting
his strong, young horse, a servant saw them and ran to the house and
gave the alarm. Soon the father and all the men were in pursuit of the
lovers. For a time the young horse kept far ahead of its pursuers, but,
wearying of its double burden, it began to lag just as it reached the
top of a lofty hill overhanging a rushing torrent of the river far
below.

Nearer and nearer came the father and all the men. The only escape, and
a most desperate venture was it, was to leap across the rushing torrent
to the hill on the other side. Looking into each other's eyes, then back
at their approaching pursuers, and then at the wide chasm, they chose
death together rather than life apart, and, urging their jaded horse to
the leap, they missed the opposite cliff and were dashed to pieces on
the rocks of the rapids below.


The Faithful Husband[9]

Upon a day in years long since gone by, Chow[10] Soo Tome, wearied of
the talking of his slaves, wandered into the forest. As he walked in an
unfrequented path, he came to a lake where seven beautiful winged nymphs
were disporting themselves in the water. One, Chow Soo Tome readily saw
was more beautiful than the others, and he loved her and desired her for
his wife. On seeing the Chow, however, they all fled, but the most
beautiful one permitted herself to be overtaken.

"When I saw thee, my heart was filled with love for thee. If thou dost
not consent to be my wife, of sorrow will I die," cried Chow Soo Tome.

"Easily could I have escaped, had not love for thee made me loath to
leave thee," replied the nymph. And in great joy they returned to the
Chow's home.

"My son, let me take the wings of thy wife, lest she fly and leave thee
in sorrow," urged the Chow's mother, and, readily did the nymph wife lay
aside her wings.

But it happened that the head chow heard of the beauty of the wife of
Chow Soo Tome, and he coveted her, and seeking to do away with Chow Soo
Tome, he sent him to war, and commanded that he lead the battle.

The young nymph wife knew the design of the head chow, and, as soon as
her husband had gone, she sought her mother-in-law and begged that she
give her back her wings.

"I am filled with sorrow. Without Soo Tome I cannot remain in the house.
Give me my wings that I may fly in the air and be comforted," pled the
wife.

"Consent that I tie a rope to thy feet. Then, I will give thee the
wings," answered Soo Tome's mother.

The young wife consented, but, having donned her wings and flown up in
the air, she cut the rope fastened to her feet and was safe from the
head chow's pursuit. Her freedom made her think of the home of her
father in the kingdom of Chom Kow Kilat,[11] and thither she flew.

Chow Soo Tome, unhurt and victorious, returned from the war and found
his home desolate without his nymph wife, and would not be comforted but
determined to seek her. "Now, I will go seek her in her father's
kingdom, Chom Kow Kilat, though seven years, seven months and seven days
be required for the journey."

Through forest, over mountains and across plains toiled Chow Soo Tome
patiently. And, as he journeyed, upon a day, he met an ape.

"My friend, where do you go?" asked the ape.

"To a land far away, where the love of my heart abides, in the kingdom
of Chom Kow Kilat. The way I do not know, but my heart guides me,"
answered Chow Soo Tome.

The ape pitied him and sought to aid him, and what food he had or found
he shared with Chow Soo Tome gladly. Together they travelled many days
until they reached the sea. They had no means of crossing, and when the
ape realized he could no longer aid Chow Soo Tome, he cried bitterly,
saying, "No longer can I aid thee, now; therefore is my sorrow greater
than I can bear," and, lo, he died! For three days did Chow Soo Tome
mourn this kind friend, and, as he mourned, a fly came to eat of the
ape.

"I am but alive and fear I will die if I do not have food at once," said
the fly. "The ape is dead and can feel no pain. I am alive and hunger,
thou art in trouble and need aid. If thou wilt give me to eat of the
flesh of the dead ape, whenever thou needst me, think on me and I will
come to thee," added the fly.

"Eat," said Chow Soo Tome, and then he went on his way, but shortly
after, sat down under a tree. While there, he saw two eagles alight on
the tree.

"When we are rested, we will fly across the sea and eat of the feast
which the king of Chom Kow Kilat gives in honor of the return of his
beautiful daughter," said one of the eagles to its mate.

Hearing these words, Chow Soo Tome cautiously climbed into the tree and
crept under the wing of the larger eagle, who shortly after said to its
mate: "Before we fly hence, I must rid myself of an insect which is
under my wing and annoys me."

"This is a sacred day, and, for some punishment has the insect come
under your wing; let it remain," counselled the other eagle, and then
they flew over the sea. When they rested in a tree on the other shore,
Chow Soo Tome crept from under the wing and climbed down the tree. After
a time he reached a _sala_[12] near a large city. Near the sala was a
well, and, as Chow Soo Tome rested, seven slaves of the king of Chom Kow
Kilat came from the city for water.

"Why dost thou draw of the water?" asked Chow Soo Tome of a slave.

"We are this day glad, for the most beautiful daughter of the king of
Chom Kow Kilat hath returned from the land of men and the water will be
poured over her head," said the slave addressed.

Approaching the seventh slave, Chow Soo Tome asked that he might place a
ring in her water jar. Now, the ring was one which he had received from
his nymph wife, and he sought thus to turn her thoughts to him again.

"Pour your water in such a manner that, when it falls, the ring will
fall upon the hands of the princess," directed Chow Soo Tome.

The slave did as directed, and, as the ring fell on the hands of the
young princess, she knew her husband was near, and she asked the slave
who was at the well when she drew the water.

"A chow of a far country," said the slave, "who rests in the sala by the
sacred well outside the city gate."

In great haste and joy, did the young princess seek her father. "Outside
the city gate, in the sala by the sacred well, doth my husband await me.
Let me go to him, father," she pleaded.

"I must first prove that he be thy husband. Let all my daughters make
ready a table spread with the best of the feast, and hide themselves.
The man shall be called, and, if he selects thy table, he is thy
husband, but, if he knows not thy table, he shall die," replied the
king.

The tables were made ready, Chow Soo Tome was summoned and commanded to
select the table prepared by the princess whom he claimed as his wife.
Sore perplexed, Chow Soo Tome bethought himself of the fly's promise,
and he called it to his aid. Immediately the fly appeared and sat on the
table prepared by the wife of Chow Soo Tome, and there Chow Soo Tome sat
down.

"Yet another test," said the king. "Make ready seven curtains and place
my daughters behind the seven curtains, allowing but one finger of each
princess to be seen. Then, from among the fingers, select that of thy
wife."

Immediately did the grateful fly rest upon the curtain where lay the
finger of the young wife, and unhesitatingly Chow Soo Tome walked up to
the curtain and clasped the right finger.

"It is enough. She is thy wife," declared the king, and so pleased was
he that he made Chow Soo Tome second in power in the kingdom of Chom Kow
Kilat.

  9: This represents a very well-known maerrchen.

  10: Chow--a prince or high official.

  11: A fabulous city.

  12: A rest-house for guests.

[Illustration: The Laos Governor's Wife at her Embroidery Frame.]


The Faithful Wife

The young and beautiful son of a head chow sought of a wise man what
manner of wife should be his.

"As you walked by the way, whom did you meet?" asked the wizard.

"No one," replied the young man.

"Nay, my son, you saw a slave of your father's, cutting grass in a
garden. She is to be your wife."

Distressed that such a woman should be his wife, the young man fled from
his own country.

And it came to pass, that the chow saw the slave girl that she was kind,
noble, and beautiful, and he took her to his house as a daughter, and
she became more kind, more noble, and more beautiful.

Years had gone by, and, upon a day the son returned, and, seeing in the
one-time slave a most lovable and lovely woman, sought and gained her as
his wife. Word reached the young man then that this was but a slave,
and, on learning the truth, he begged that he might be released to go on
a long journey. The young wife consented.

A boat was made ready, and the chow's son had it in his heart never to
return. So, secretly, the chow had a gold image hidden in the bottom of
the boat. When the day of departure had come, the chow in haste sent his
servants to inquire of his son what he had in the boat.

"I have but my possessions," replied the son.

"Nay, you have the image of gold, which is the possession of my master,
the chow," insisted the servants. "If we find it in the boat, what will
you do?" they asked.

"Return with you as a slave to my father!" exclaimed the son.

All the goods were removed from the boat and the image was found. Then
the son returned as a slave to his father and was made keeper of the
elephants.

Upon a day, the young wife of the son came to the chow and sought
permission to go to the forest to find her husband.

Willingly did the chow say, "Go, my child," and forthwith he had a boat
put in readiness for her and sent with her many of his servants. One
servant was called, "Eye That Sees Well," another, "Ear That Hears
Well."

Sailing down the river, they reached the province where the young man
was searching for elephants, and there they remained.

The chow of the province sent a servant secretly to hide a golden image
in the boat. But the "Ear That Hears Well" heard and the "Eye That Sees
Well" saw, and together they took the image from the boat and hid it in
the sand.

The following day, the chow sent a messenger asking why the princess had
taken the image.

"I have not seen it," were the words of the princess.

"If it is found in your boat, what will you promise?" asked the chow's
messenger.

"I and my servants will be slaves to him, if the image be found in my
boat," replied the princess, "but, should the image not be found there,
what will your master promise?"

"All his goods and his province, if the image be not found," readily
answered the messenger.

A diligent search failed to discover the image of gold, and, true to his
word, the chow gave of his goods and his province to the princess.
Rejoicing, and hoping thus to discover her husband, the princess gave a
large feast, and bade all the people. While all were feasting, lo, a
man, in soiled garments and carrying a heavy tusk of an elephant, came
towards them, and immediately did the princess recognize her husband,
and the husband, realizing after what manner his wife loved him, grew to
love her, and together they lived in her province for many, many years.


An Unexpected Issue

Far away from other men, on the side of a lonely mountain, a man and his
wife were preparing their ground that they might plant the hill rice.
Their work was hard, and they saw no one from day to day, and, upon a
time, when tired of their labor, the husband said,

"Let us play that we are young and unmarried, and that I am coming to
visit you to try to gain you for a wife."

The wife dressed herself as a young maiden, with flowers in her hair,
and sat at the spinning-wheel.

The husband came as though from a distance, and in his hand he carried
the stem of a banana leaf, which he pretended was a musical instrument.
Playfully, he drew his fingers over it, singing, "It is pleasant to be
here. Where you are, I am happy. Where you are not, I am but of little
heart and sad." He drew near, and, as he was not forbidden, he walked up
into the house and sat down by the maiden. Bowing himself to the ground,
he spoke, saying, "O fair princess, I come but as your servant! May I
sit here near you?"

Smilingly she answered, "To sit there is but a waste of time."

"I am not sitting where another has sat. Tell me, do I talk to one who
has another lover?"

"I fear that the one who loves you, and whom you loved ere you came to
me, will be angry with me and curse me," she coyly answered.

Then he feigned anger, and moved away quickly. In his haste he did not
see where he was going, and he fell down the steps of the house, upon a
stone. Though he lay there groaning, and called, "O, help me!" his wife
thought him still in sport and sat quietly at her wheel. Having waited
some time, she arose and went to him, and, lo, he lay there dead!

"Had we worked and not played as children, my husband would be yet
alive," lamented the wife.




  V
  Temples and Priests


The Giants' Mountain and the Temple

In the time long since gone by, when the world was young, the men of a
large province desired to build a temple, a temple which might be seen
by men from afar. Their ground, however, was low, and there was no lofty
mountain on which they might rear it, and it was deemed wise by all to
entreat the giants, who lived in the far East, to help them bring the
earth together in one place for a mound.

Willingly did the giants consent to aid them, but asked, "Why labor to
dig the earth and pile it into a mound? Behold the high hills are ours,
with our strong arms we can remove the top from one of them and bring it
to you and you may rear your beautiful temple thereon, and all men can
see it. Go, therefore, and make ready your bricks and mortar, bringing
to one place all the materials which you will require, whilst we carry
one of our mountains to you for your use."

The giants went their way to bring a mountain-top from the far East to
the plains near the city. Day after day they labored and moved the
mountain top a great distance, but the people neither helped them nor
did they even commence to prepare the materials for the temple. As the
giants toiled, word was brought them that the people were sitting in
idleness on the ground.

"Come help us, or gather the materials together," the giants sent word.

"You, yourselves, offered to carry the mountain-top to us. Your words
are stronger than your deeds. You say you will aid us, then ask us to
help you," the people replied. This they said, thinking to goad the
giants on to the labor of bringing the mountain-top to the desired
place.

"We offered to aid you," retorted the giants, "but you sit and watch
while we do all. Had you done your part, we would have done ours. Now,
you shall labor, and we, from our high mountain, will laugh at you."

Thereupon they left the work and sought their homes, and wearily did the
men of the plains dig the earth, carrying it in small loads into one
place to build the mound, and sadly did they look toward the East, where
they could see the mountain-top the giants had carried such a distance
to them, and most bitterly did they repent not having done their share.

The temple is builded now, and from afar the people can see the gleam of
the spire when the eye of day first opens in the East, or closes in the
West, and, to this day the mountain-top lies there far distant from the
mountain range and equally far distant from the city of the plains, and
the people point it out to strangers, saying, "If you ask aid from
others, it is well to put your own heart into the work."

[Illustration: A Group of Buddhist Priests.]

[Illustration: The Interior of a Buddhist Temple.]


Cheating the Priest

Upon a time a man and his wife went a day's journey from their village
to the bazaar to sell their wares, and it fell upon the day of their
return that it rained heavily, and as they hurried along the highway,
they sought shelter from the head priest of a temple. He, however, would
not even let them enter. They begged to be permitted to sleep in the
sheltered place at the head of the stairs, but this also the priest
refused. Angered, they went under the temple and there rested.

When the priest had lain down on his mat in the room just over the place
where the man and his wife were hidden, he heard the man say to his
wife, "It will be good to be again with our young and beautiful
daughter. I trust all is well with her."

Having heard these words, the priest arose hastily and called, "Come up,
good people, and sleep in the temple. Here, too, are mats to rest upon."
And, as they talked of their beautiful daughter, the priest asked, "When
I am out of the temple, released from my vows, will you give me your
daughter to wife?"

Looking at his wife, the husband replied, "It is good in our sight."

When the morning came and they wished to steam some rice for their
breakfast, they had no pot, but the priest freely offered the use of his
pot and insisted upon their using of the sacred wood for their fire, the
wood which was used in propping the branches of the Po tree.[13]

Being ready to go on their way, the priest presented them with gifts of
food, silver and gold, saying, "I will soon leave the priesthood and
come to marry your beautiful daughter."

But three days had passed, when the man and his wife came again to the
temple and told the priest that their daughter was dead, and a long time
they all mourned together.

"I will ever remain true to my love for your daughter. Never will I
leave the priesthood," vowed the priest, while the man and his wife
returned to their home, spent the silver and gold the priest had given
them, and cheerfully laughed at him, for never had they had a daughter!

  13: The sacred tree of Buddhists.


The Disappointed Priest

In a temple of the north lived a priest who had great greed for the
betel nut.[14] One day, compelled by his appetite, he inquired of a
boy-priest if no one had died that day, but the boy replied he had heard
of no death.

A man, while worshipping in the temple, overheard the priest's words,
and on his return to his home, said, "The priest wants some one to die
so he can have betel to eat. Let us punish him, because he loves the
betel nut better than the life of a man. Make me ready for the grave,
then wail with a loud voice and the priest will come."

When all was ready, they wailed with a loud voice and the priest, filled
with cheerful thoughts of satisfying his appetite, came quickly.

The people all said, "We must hasten to the grave with our dead brother.
As it is already evening, we will not have the feast until we return."

All hastened to the place of burning, and, upon reaching it, they took
one end of the cloth covering the body and placed it in the hands of the
priest, while the other end they left on the body of the supposed dead
man.

"While you ask blessings on our dead brother, we will go prepare wood
for the burning," said the people, and, leaving the priest praying, they
returned as they had come, cut thorns and briars and placed them on and
about the path, so the priest could not escape unhurt. Then they hid
themselves.

As the darkness closed about him, the priest prayed fast and loud. Lo!
the man stirred and groaned, and the priest cried, "O, my father, I am
asking blessings on thee! Why movest thou?"

Again the man rose up and groaned even louder, and the priest,
terrified, ran away towards the temple. Caught by the briars, he fell
headlong, cut and bleeding. With great effort, he at last reached the
temple, and with much pain had his wounds dressed by the boy-priest. Not
until he had rested, did he inquire of the boy if the people of the dead
man had brought any betel to the temple in his absence.

"No," said the boy-priest. "Go to the house of the dead man and eat with
them."

But the priest most vehemently said, "If ten or twenty men die, I will
not go again. Die like that man! I shall never go again."

  14: Areca nut. Chewing this nut is a habit common among all the
  peoples of Farther India and Malaysia.


The Greedy Priest

In the compound of a temple in the south there was a large fruit tree,
the fruit of which was coveted by all, as they passed, but the head
priest would permit no one to eat of it, because he was greedy and
selfish and wished but to satisfy his own appetite.

Two men, talking together, said they would obtain fruit from the priest,
and they would have it without price.

One came and asked for the fruit. The priest refused him gruffly,
saying, "I need it for my own use." The man replied, "I desired it to
eat with my venison curry, of which I have so much that I want you to
come and eat with me." On hearing this the priest said, "Take what you
want." Filling his scarf with the coveted fruit, the man left the
priest, saying, "I will call for you as the eye of day closes."

Shortly after, the second man came and begged for fruit and likewise was
refused, until he said he wished it to eat with his pork curry, and,
that as the eye of day closed, he would come for the priest to eat with
him, when the priest said, "All you desire, take." And the man filled a
large basket with the coveted fruit.

As the eye of day closed, the two men called together for the priest.

When they reached a fork in the road, one laid hold on the arm of the
priest, and said, "Come with me first, my house is down this way."

"Come with me first," said the other, "my family will already be
eating."

Thus they disputed, drawing the greedy old priest this way and that
until he was bruised and tired, when he said, "It is enough. I will
neither eat of the venison, nor of the pork."

And the men went home and laughed, for neither had the one venison nor
the other pork.

[Illustration: Monastery Grounds at Chieng Tung, Laos.]


The Ambitious Priest

There is a tale of an old priest who prayed each day that the gods would
give him a jewel of great price--one that had the power to make him fly
as a bird.

A young priest in the temple hearing his prayer, secured the eye of a
fish and hid it in his room, and when again the old priest prayed for
the jewel, the young priest brought the eye of the fish and gave it to
him. Then was the old priest glad, "Now can I rise up as though on wings
and fly from this earth," said he.

Selecting two large palm leaves, thinking "I must have wings first," he
tried to fly, but could not.

The young priest said, "From here you cannot fly; it is not high enough.
Go up to the roof of the temple and fly from there."

Acting on this suggestion, the old priest went up to the roof, but fell
from his high place, and, lo, when they came to him, he was dead!




  VI
  Moderation and Greed


The Wizard and the Beggar

Once upon a time there was a poor man who ever begged for food, and, as
he walked along the road he thought, "If any one will give me to eat
until I am satisfied, never will I forget the grace or merit of that
person." Chanting these words as he walked slowly along, he met a
wizard.

"What do you say as you walk along, my son?" asked the wizard.

"If any one will give me to eat all I crave, I will never forget the
grace or merit of that person," said the poor man.

"My son, the people of this day are ever careless and ungrateful. They
forget benefits," replied the wizard.

"I will not forget," vowed the poor man.

"Go on, my son," said the wizard.

Chanting as before, the poor man went on his way, and as he walked he
met a dog.

"What do you say as you go along, my son?" asked the dog.

"Whosoever will give me to eat to my satisfaction, the grace or merit of
that person will I never forget," replied the poor man.

"Men are prone to forget. None remember favors. When I was young and
strong, I guarded my master's house and grounds; now, when I am old, he
will not permit me to enter his gate, but curses and beats me and gives
me no food. By him are all my services forgotten," said the dog.

Ever chanting, the poor man walked on, and as he walked he met a
buffalo.

"What do you say as you walk along, my son?" asked the buffalo. And the
poor man repeated what he had told the wizard and the dog.

"Man is ever ungrateful. When I was young and strong, I plowed the
fields so my master could have rice and my master was grateful to me.
Now that I cannot work, I am driven out to die," said the buffalo. And
the poor man, discouraged, sought the wizard again.

"My son, will you ever remember benefits?" asked the wizard.

"Never would I forget a benefit," vowed the poor man, vehemently.

"Then here are two jewels; one, if held in your mouth, will enable you
to fly as a bird; the other, if held in the mouth, will give you your
desires, and this second one I now give to you," said the wizard, and he
handed the second jewel to the poor man.

"Your grace and merit will ever be remembered by me. More than tongue
can utter, do I thank you. Ever will I wish you health and happiness and
pray for blessings on your head," declared the poor man. Having thus
spoken, the once poor man sought his home and, through the virtue of the
wishing jewel he had every wish for wealth gratified.

"How do you secure your desires?" asked the neighbors of the once poor,
begging man.

"A wizard gave me a wishing-jewel and, by simply placing it in my mouth,
all I wish to possess is mine," answered he. "Listen to me," he
continued, "the wizard has yet another jewel, which, if placed in the
mouth, will enable one to fly as a bird. Come, let us go and kill him
that we may all possess it together."

With one accord they agreed, and, as they approached the home of the
wizard, the wizard, espying the man he had so benefited, called to him,

"Why have you not visited me, my son?"

"There was no time, much work have I had to do," replied the ungrateful
man.

Now the wizard of course knew the intent of the wicked fellow, that he,
with his neighbors, had come to secure the second jewel, and he asked,

"Why do you desire to kill me?"

"Give to me the jewel you have, else I shall kill you, you old wizard,"
cried the ungrateful fellow.

"Have you the wishing-jewel with you? If so, show it to me first," said
the wizard.

Eagerly did the greedy fellow thrust it toward the old wizard, but he,
having already placed the flying-jewel in his mouth, seized the
wishing-jewel and instead of giving the rascal the flying-jewel, flew
away, leaving both the man and his neighbors without either.


A Covetous Neighbor

There was a poor and lonely man who had but a few melon seeds and grains
of corn which he planted; tenderly did he care for them, as the garden
would furnish his only means of a living. And it came to pass that the
melons and corn grew luxuriantly, and the apes and the monkeys from the
neighboring wilderness, seeing them, came daily to eat of them, and, as
they talked of the owner of the garden, wondered just what manner of man
he might be that he permitted them unmolested to eat of his melons. But
the poor man, through his sufferings, had much merit, and charitably and
willingly shared his abundant fruit with them.

And upon a day, the man lay down in the garden and feigned death. As the
monkeys and apes drew near, seeing him so still, his scarf lying about
his head, with one accord they cried, "He is already dead! Lo, these
many days have we eaten of his fruit, therefore it is but just that we
should bury him in as choice a place as we can find."

Lifting the man, they carried him until they came to a place where two
ways met, when one of the monkeys said, "Let us take him to the cave of
silver." Another said, "No, the cave of gold would be better."

"Go to the cave of gold," commanded the head monkey. There they carried
him and laid him to rest.

Finding himself thus alone, the man arose, gathered all the gold he
could carry and returned to his old home, and, with the gold thus easily
gained, he built a beautiful house.

"How did you, who are but a gardener, gain all this gold?" asked a
neighbor, and freely the man told all that had befallen him.

"If you did it, I, too, can do it," said the neighbor, and forthwith, he
hastened home, made a garden, and waited for the monkeys to feast in it.
All came to pass as the neighbor hoped; when the melons were ripe great
numbers of monkeys and apes came to the garden and feasted. And upon a
day, they found the owner lying as one dead in the garden. Prompted by
gratitude, the monkeys made ready to bury him, and while carrying him to
the place of burial, they came to the place in the way where the two
roads met. Here they disputed as to whether they should place the man in
the cave of silver, or the cave of gold. Meanwhile, the man was thinking
thus, "I'll gather gold all day. When I have more than I can carry in my
arms, I'll draw some behind me in a basket I can readily make from
bamboo," and, when the head monkey said, "Put him in the cave of
silver," he unguardedly cried out, "No, put me in the cave of gold."

Frightened, the monkeys dropped the man and fled, whilst he, scratched
and bleeding, crept painfully home.


A Lazy Man's Plot[15]

Upon a day a beggar, who was too lazy to work, but ever lived on the
bounty of the people, received a great quantity of rice. He put it in a
large jar and placed the jar at the foot of his bed, then he lay down on
the bed and thus reasoned:

"If there come a famine, I will sell the rice, and with the money, buy
me a pair of cows, and when the cows have a calf, I'll buy a pair of
buffaloes. Then, when they have a calf, I'll sell them, and with that
money, I'll make a wedding and take me a wife. And, when we have a child
large enough to sit alone, I'll take care of it, while my wife works the
rice fields. Should she say, 'I will not work,' I'll kick her after this
manner," and he struck out his foot, knocking the jar over, and broke
it. The rice ran through the slats of the floor, and the neighbors' pigs
ate it, leaving the lazy plotter but the broken jar.

  15: The motive corresponds to that of the venerable story of the
  Milkmaid.


The Ungrateful Fisherman

It happened on a time that a poor fisherman had caught nothing for many
days, and while he was sitting thinking sadly of his miserable fortune,
Punya In, the god of wisdom, came from his high home in heaven in the
form of a crow, and asked him, "Do you desire to escape from this life
of a fisherman, and live in ease?" And the fisherman replied, "Greatly
do I desire to escape from this miserable life."

Beckoning him to come to him and listen, the crow told him of a far
distant province, whose chow lay dead.

"Both the province and all the chow's former possessions will I give
thee, if thou wilt promise ever to remember the benefits I bestow," said
the crow.

Readily did the fisherman promise, "Never, never will I forget."

Immediately the crow took the fisherman on his back and flew to the far
distant province. Leaving the fisherman just outside the city gate, the
crow entered the city, went to the chow's home, and took the body of the
chow away, and, in the place put the fisherman.

When the fisherman moved, the watchers heard, and rejoicing, they all
cried, "Our chow is again alive."

Great was the joy of the people, and, for many years, the fisherman
ruled in the province and enjoyed the possessions of the former chow.

But, as time went by, the fisherman forgot the crow had been the author
of all his good fortune, that all were the gifts of a crow, and he drove
all crows from the rice fields. Even did he attempt to banish them from
the province. Perceiving this, the god of wisdom again assumed the form
of a crow and came down and sat near the one-time fisherman.

"O, chow, wouldst thou desire to go where all is pleasure and delight?"
asked the crow.

"Let me go," replied the chow. And the crow took him on his back and
flew with him to the house where, as a fisherman he had lived in poverty
and squalor, and ever had he to remain there.


The Legend of the Rice

In the days when the earth was young and all things were better than
they now are, when men and women were stronger and of greater beauty,
and the fruit of the trees was larger and sweeter than that which we now
eat, rice, the food of the people, was of larger grain. One grain was
all a man could eat, and in those early days, such, too, was the merit
of the people, they never had to toil gathering the rice, for, when
ripe, it fell from the stalks and rolled into the villages, even unto
the granaries.

And upon a year, when the rice was larger and more plentiful than ever
before, a widow said to her daughter, "Our granaries are too small. We
will pull them down and build larger."

When the old granaries were pulled down and the new one not yet ready
for use, the rice was ripe in the fields. Great haste was made, but the
rice came rolling in where the work was going on, and the widow,
angered, struck a grain and cried, "Could you not wait in the fields
until we were ready? You should not bother us now when you are not
wanted."

The rice broke into thousands of pieces and said, "From this time forth,
we will wait in the fields until we are wanted," and, from that time the
rice has been of small grain, and the people of the earth must gather it
into the granary from the fields.

[Illustration: At Work in the Rice Fields.]




  VII
  Parables and Proverbs


"One Woman in Deceit and Craft is More Than a Match for Eight Men"

Chum Paw was a maiden of the south country. Many suitors had she, but,
by her craft and devices, each suitor thought himself the only one.
Constantly did each seek her in marriage, and, upon a day as one pressed
her to name the time of their nuptials, she said, "Build me a house, and
I'll marry you when all is in readiness." To the others, did she speak
the same words.

Each man sought the jungle for bamboo for a house, and, it happened,
while they were in the jungle that they all met.

"What seekest thou?" they asked one another. "What seekest thou?" The
one answer was, "I have come to fell wood for my house."

And, as they ate their midday meal together, each had a bamboo stick,
filled with chicken and rice. Now, it happened that Chum Paw had given
the bamboo sticks to the men, and, lo, on investigation, they found the
pieces in their various sticks were the parts of one chicken, and with
one accord, they cried, "Chum Paw has deceived us. Come, let us kill
her. Each has she promised to marry; each has she deceived."

All were exceedingly angry and vowed they would kill the deceitful
woman.

Chum Paw, seeing the men return together, knew her duplicity was known
and realized they sought to kill her.

"I entreat that you spare my life, but take and sell me as a slave to
the captain of the ship lying at the mouth of the river."

Relenting, the suitors took her to the captain. She, however, running on
before, privately told the captain she had seven young men, her slaves,
whom she would sell him for seven hundred pieces of silver. Seeing the
young men were desirable, the captain gave Chum Paw the silver, and she
fled while the seven lovers were placed in irons.

Chum Paw fled to the jungle, but, frightened by the wild beasts, she
sought refuge in a tree. And it came to pass that the suitors escaped
from the ship and they, too, sought refuge in the jungle. Unable to
sleep and also frightened, one of them climbed a tree that he might be
safe from the wild beasts, and, lo, it was the same tree in which Chum
Paw had taken refuge.

"Be silent, make no noise, lest the others hear us," whispered Chum Paw.
"I love you and knew you were wise and would escape from the ship. I
only desired the silver for us to spend together."

The unfortunate man believed, and sought to embrace her, but, as he
threw up his arms, Chum Paw threw him down, hoping thus to kill him. The
others, hearing the commotion, feared a large bear was in the tree and
hastily fled. Uninjured the suitor, whom Chum Paw had thrown from the
tree, fled with them.

Chum Paw seeing that they all fled ran behind, as she knew no beast
would attack her while there was so great a commotion. As the suitors
looked back, they saw her, but mistook her for a bear and ran but the
faster, and finally, they all, the seven suitors and Chum Paw reached
their homes.

Knowing the suitors would again seek her life, Chum Paw made a feast of
all things they most liked and bade the young men to come. (All the food
was prepared by Chum Paw and poisoned.) "I want but to make me _boon_
before I die, so I beg you eat of my food and forgive me, for I merit
death," said the maiden, as they sat in her house. All ate; and all
died.

Chum Paw carried six bodies into the inner part of the house, and one
she prepared for the grave. Weeping and wailing, she ran to the nearest
neighbor, crying, "I want a man to come bury my husband. He died last
night. As he had smallpox, fifty pieces of silver will I give to the one
who buries him."

A man who loved money said, "I will bury him." When he came to the
house, Chum Paw said, "Many times has he died and come back to life. If
he comes back again, no money shall you have."

The man took the body, made a deep grave, buried the man and returned
for his silver. Lo, on the mat lay the body! He made a deeper grave and
again buried it. Six times he buried, as he supposed, the body, and, on
returning and finding it a seventh time, he angrily cried, "You shall
never return again." Taking the body with him, he built a fire, placed
the body on it, and, while it burned, went to the stream for water. When
he returned, lo, a charcoal man was standing there, black from his work.

Filled with wrath, the man ran up to him crying, "You will come back
again, will you? will cause me this trouble again, will you?"

The charcoal burner replied, "I do not understand." Not a word would the
man hear, but fought the burner, and as they struggled, they both fell
into the fire and were burned to death.

Chum Paw built a beautiful home and spent the silver as she willed.


"The Wisest Man of a Small Village is Not Equal in Wisdom to a Boy of
the City Streets"

Once a boy of the city, watching a buffalo outside the gate of the
largest city in the province, saw three men approaching. Each was the
wisest man of the village from whence he came. The boy called to them,
"Where go ye, old men?"

The men angrily replied, "Wherefore dost thou, who art but a child,
speak thus to us who are old and the judges of the villages from whence
we come?"

The boy replied, "There is no cause for anger. How was I to know ye were
wise men? To me, ye seem but as other men from a country place,--the
wisest of whom are but fools."

The three men were very angry, caught the boy and said, "We will not
enter into the city, but will go to another province and sell this
insolent boy, because he neither reverences age nor wisdom."

The boy refused to walk, so they carried him. All day they walked along
the road, carrying the boy, and at night they slept by the roadside. In
the morning, when they craved water and bade the boy go to a brook, he
refused, saying, "If I go, ye will run and leave me. I will not go."

Thirst drove one of the wise men for the water, and the boy drank of it
freely.

Several days' journey brought them to a wall of a large city, and night
was spent at a _sala_ near the wall. Seeking to rid themselves of the
boy, they bade him go to the city for fire to cook food. Realizing their
motive, he answered, "Should I go, ye will leave me. I will not go,
though, if ye let me tie ye to the posts of the _sala_, then will I go."

With one accord they agreed, saying, "Do thou even so. We are weary
carrying thee and cannot go for the fire."

Tying them all, the boy ran to the city, where he met a man whom he
asked, "Dost thou wish to purchase three slaves? Come with me."

The man returned with the boy, saw the men, and gave him full value for
each.

Having thus disposed of his captors, the cunning little fellow joined
some men going to his native city, and as he walked along, he thought,
"I was ever wanting to see other places, and now I have been carried a
long journey, and have silver to last me many days ... surely, I have
much _boon_."[16]

  16: Merit.


"To Aid Beast is Merit; To Aid Man is but Vanity"[17]

A hunter, walking through a jungle, saw a man in a pit unable to escape.
The man called to him, "If thou wilt aid me to escape from this snare,
always will I remember thy grace and merit." The hunter drew him out of
the pit, and the man said, "I am goldsmith to the head chow, and dwell
by the city's gate. Shouldst thou ever want any benefit, come to me, and
gladly will I aid thee."

As the hunter travelled, he met a tiger caught in a snare set for an
elephant, and the tiger cried, "If thy heart prompts thee to set me
free, thy aid will ever be remembered by me." He helped the tiger from
the snare, and it said, "If ever thou needest aid, call and I will come
to thee."

Then again the hunter went on his way, and came to a place where a snake
had fallen into a well and could not get out, and the snake cried, "If
thou wilt aid me, I can aid thee also in the time soon to come," and he
assisted the snake. "When the time comes that thou needest me, think of
me, and I will come to thee with haste," said the snake.

Now, it had happened that on the day that the hunter had rescued the
tiger it had killed the chow's child, but of this the hunter knew
nothing. And it came to pass that three days after, the hunter desiring
to test the words of the tiger, went to the forest. Upon calling it, the
tiger came to him immediately and brought with him a long golden chain,
which he gave to the hunter. The hunter took the chain home, and,
wishing to sell it, sought the goldsmith whom he had befriended. But the
goldsmith, seeing it, said, "You are the man who has killed the chow's
child." And he had his men bind the hunter with strong cords and took
him to the chow in the hope of gaining the reward offered to any who
might find him who had killed the child.

The chow put the hunter in chains and commanded he die on the morrow.
The hunter begged for seven days' respite, and it was granted him. In
the night he thought of the snake he had helped, and immediately the
snake came, bringing with him a medicine to cure blindness. While the
household of the chow slept, the snake entered and cast of its venom in
the eyes of the chow's wife, and she was blind.

Throughout all the province the chow sought for some one to restore the
eyes of his afflicted wife, but no one was found.

It happened on a day, that word came to the chow's ears that the hunter
he had in chains for the death of his child, was a man of wisdom and
knew the merit of all the herbs of the field, therefore he sent for him.

When the hunter came into the presence of the chow unto where the wife
sat, he put the medicine which the snake had brought him into the eyes
of the princess, and sight, even like unto that of a young maiden, was
restored unto her.

Then the chow desired to reward the hunter, and the hunter told him how
he had come into possession of the golden chain, of the medicine which
the serpent had given him because he had aided it in its time of
trouble, and of the goldsmith, who had not only forgotten benefits
received, but had accused him so he might gain a reward. And when the
chow learned the truth, he had the ungrateful goldsmith put to death,
but to the hunter did he give half of his province, for had he not
restored the sight of the princess?

  17: This only of the Folk Tales has been written before. It is taken
  from an ancient temple book and is well-known in all the Laos country.

[Illustration: The "Chow" and his Palace.]




  VIII
  The Gods Know and the Gods Reward


Love's Secrets

There was once a poor woodsman, who went to the jungle to cut wood, so
he might sell it and buy food for his wife and child. And upon a day,
when the cool evening had come, wearied, the man lay down to rest and
fell into a deep sleep.

From his home in the sky, the god who looks after the destiny of man was
hot-hearted[18] when he saw the man did not move, and he came down to
see if he were dead. When he spake in the wood-cutter's ear, he awoke
and arose, and the fostering god led him home. As they came near the
gate, the god said, "Stand here, whilst I go and see to the welfare of
thy wife." Listening without, the god heard the fond wife say to the
little child, "I fear some evil hath befallen thy kind father. Ever doth
he return as it darkens about us."

The god knew from her words that the wife was good, and taught the child
love and reverence for its father, therefore was he pleased, and
returning to the woodsman, sent him in haste to his home, and said, "I,
myself, will lay the wood in its place."

The next morning, when the eye of day opened, the fond wife went for
wood to build a fire that her husband might eat of hot food ere he went
to his daily labor, and, lo, when she saw the wood which her husband had
brought home, all was turned into gold! Thus had the cherishing god
rewarded a husband faithful in his work, and a wife loving and
thoughtful.

Leaving the house of the worthy woodsman, the god met a man tardily
wending his way home with a small, poorly-made bundle of sticks.
Approaching him, the god said, "Wait at the steps. I will go first and
see how it is with thy wife." And the god went up unseen, and heard the
wife say to her son, "Ever is it thus. Thy father thinks naught of us;
he stays away so he need be with us but little."

Sadly the god returned to the laggard, took the bundle from him, and
bade him go to his wife and child, saying he would put the wood in its
place.

Late the following day, long after the husband had gone to his work, the
wife went for some wood, and, lo, found all the wood had turned to
venomous snakes! Then was she afraid, and she grew kinder of heart and
strove to make her husband better and happy.

  18: Anxious.


Poison-Mouth

There was once a poor father and mother who had a little daughter,
called "Poison-Mouth."

And it happened on a day that a great number of cows came into the
garden, and when the mother saw them she cried angrily, "You but destroy
our garden. I would you were all dead."

"Poison-Mouth" hearing her mother's angry words, called out, "Die, all
of you, for you are destroying our garden." And immediately all the
cattle dropped dead.

Upon another day, the bees were swarming and great companies flew over
the house, and the mother said complainingly, "Why do you never come to
us that we may have honey?"

Little "Poison-Mouth" called: "Come to us that we may have honey." And,
lo, before the eye of day had closed, the house was filled with bees and
the poor people had more honey than they could use.

Word of "Poison-Mouth" reached a great chow, and, prompted by the god of
love to sweeten the poisoned mouth, he sent ten men with this message to
the child's parents: "Take good care of your child; let her hear no
evil, and when she is old enough, I will take her to wife."

When the men approached the home of "Poison-Mouth" they said, "O, poor
people," but the mother would not permit them to finish, as their words
angered her, and she exclaimed, "You are bad dogs!" And the men were no
longer men, but dogs, snapping and snarling, for little "Poison-Mouth"
had also cried, "Bad dogs are you."

Though greatly distressed, the chow sent yet again twenty men with his
message. And again, when the mother beheld these men, she exclaimed,
"See, the dogs coming yonder!" "Poison-Mouth" echoed, "Yes, twenty dogs
are coming now," and they also changed into dogs, fighting on the
streets.

"Who can help me?" cried the chow, distressed though not despairing.

An old man answered, "I will help you. I will go to the child." And,
while the mother was absent, he sought the little one, and thus softly
said, "My child, thy tongue is given thee to bless with, and not to
curse. Come with me, and learn only that which is good." The little one
answered, "I will come," and the old man took her to the chow, who, from
that time forth, spoke no evil, and, little "Poison-Mouth," hearing none
but beautiful and good words, grew beautiful and good, and her words
brought blessings ever.


Strife and Peace

There was once a husband and wife who ever quarrelled. Never were they
pleasant with each other.

A wealthy man sought to see if they could spend but a day in peace, so
he sent two men with one hundred pieces of silver to them, saying, "If
this day be spent without strife, this silver shall be yours." Then the
two men hid themselves near the house to watch after what fashion they
spent the day.

"If we are to earn the reward, it were better thou shouldst hold thy
tongue with thy hand, else thou canst not endure throughout the day,"
said the husband.

"Ever am I quiet. It is well known of all the neighbors that thou, and
thou alone, art ever quarrelsome," retorted the wife.

And thus they disputed until both grew angry, and the quarrel was so
loud that all the people living near heard it. Thereupon the two men
came forth from their hiding-place, and said, "The silver does not
belong to you, of a certainty."

       *       *       *       *       *

Determined to find virtue, the rich man sent the two men with the silver
to a husband and wife who never quarrelled, and bade them say, "If this
day, you will strive one with the other, these one hundred pieces of
silver shall be yours."

The husband greatly desired the money and sought to anger his wife. He
wrought a basket which she wanted to use in sunning the cotton, with the
strands of bamboo so wide apart that the least wind would blow all the
cotton out of the basket. Yet, when he handed it to his wife, she
pleasantly said, "This is just the right kind of a basket. The sun can
come in all about the cotton, as though it were not in a basket at all."

Again, the husband made a basket so narrow at the top that it was
difficult to put anything into it, and also the mouth was of rough
material so that the hand would be scratched in putting in or taking out
the cotton. "Surely, this will anger her," thought the husband.

Turning it from side to side, the wife said, "Now, this, too, is just
right, for when the wind blows, the cotton will be caught on the rough
wood at the mouth and cannot blow away."

The two men in hiding all day heard nothing but gentle words, so, in the
evening, they returned to the rich man, saying, for they knew not the
efforts of the husband to provoke his wife, "Those two know not how to
quarrel."

Gladdened, the seeker for virtue commanded them to be given the silver,
for they loved peace.


The Widow's Punishment

Once there lived a woman who had a son and a nephew living with her. And
upon a day they came to her desiring money that they might go and trade
in the bazaar. She gave each a piece of silver of equal value, and bade
them so to trade and cheat that they might bring home much money.

At the bazaar, one bought a large fish, the other, the head and horns of
a buffalo, and, as they rested by the roadside on their way home, they
tied the large, living fish and the buffalo head together, and threw
them in a muddy stream. When they threw the stones at the fish, it
jumped, thus causing the buffalo head to move as though it were alive.

A man saw the head in the water and desired to buy the buffalo. The boys
named the price of a live animal, and, having received it, they fled.

As they went along, not long after, they found a deer which a wild dog
had killed, but had not eaten of it. It they took with them, and, a
drover, seeing it, asked where they had found it.

"Our dog," said the boys, "is so trained, it goes to the jungle and
catches the wild animals for our food."

The drover desired to buy the dog.

"No," said the boys, "we will not sell it."

Their words but made the drover more eager to possess the dog, and he
offered ten of his best cattle in exchange. The exchange pleased the
boys, and, having received the cattle for their useless dog, they
hastened to a large city, where they sold them for much money and
returned home. On reaching it, they divided the money equally, but the
mother was dissatisfied and desired that her son have the larger
portion, therefore she insisted that they make an offering to the spirit
in the hollow tree near by, before the money could be rightly divided.

While the boys were preparing the offering, the mother ran and hid in
the hollow tree, and when they had made their offering and asked the
spirit, "What division must we make of the money?" a voice replied,
"Unto the son of the widow, give two portions--unto the nephew of the
widow, give one portion."

Greatly angered, the nephew put wood all about the tree and set fire to
it. Though he heard the voice of his aunt, saying, "I beg that thou have
mercy on me and set me free," he would not recognize it, and the widow
and the tree perished. Thus, she who had taught him to cheat, by her own
pupil was destroyed.


Honesty Rewarded

In the far north country there lived a father, mother, and son. So poor
and desolate were they that their only possession was an old ax. Each
morning, as the eye of day opened on the earth, they went to the woods
and there remained until the evening, cutting the wood, which, when
sold, furnished their only source of a living.

Upon a day, when the cutting was done, they placed the ax near the wood
and went deeper into the jungle for vines to bind the wood. It happened
the chow of the province came that way with twelve of his men; one of
whom bore an ax of gold, another bore an ax of silver and both belonged
to the chow. Yet, when the chow saw the old, wooden-handled ax lying
near the wood, he commanded that it be taken home with them.

The family returning found their ax gone. Deeply distressed, they sat
down and wept, and thus in trouble, did the chow and his men find them
as they came that way again.

"Why are your hearts thus troubled?" inquired the chow.

They answered: "O chow, we had but one ax and it is gone and no other
means of earning food have we!"

The chow replied: "I found your ax. Here it is." And he commanded they
be given the ax of silver, whose handle even was silver.

"That is not ours," they cried, "not ours."

The chow commanded the ax of gold be given them. Yet they wept but the
more, saying, "The golden ax is not ours. Ours was old, 'twas but of
steel and the handle of wood, but 'twas all we had."

Their honesty gladdened the heart of the chow and he commanded that not
only their own ax be returned, but the ax of gold, the ax of silver, and
even a pun[19] of gold be given them. Thus was merit rewarded.

  19: About 3 lbs. avoir.


The Justice of In Ta Pome

Men of three countries wanted a chemical to change stones and metals
into gold, and they all came together to worship In Ta Pome, one of the
gods. One man was from China, one from India, and one from Siam. They
all worshipped at the feet of In Ta Pome, saying, "We beg thee, O In Ta
Pome, give unto us the chemical which will change all stones and metals
into gold."

In Ta Pome replied, "Each of you kill one of your children, cut him into
pieces and put him into a jar. Cover this with a new, clean cloth, and
bring it unto me."

The Chinaman feared to kill his child, so killed a pig, cut it up and
placed it in a jar, over which he tied a close cover.

The Siamese did the same with a dog, but the Indiaman believed in In Ta
Pome, and killed his only son, put him into a jar, and covered it.

All returned to the god with their several jars.

In Ta Pome sprinkled the jar of the Chinaman first, saying, "Whatsoever
is silver, let it be silver; whatsoever is gold, let it be gold," but
the pig grunted, as pigs do, and In Ta Pome said, "From this time forth,
you shall take care of pigs and kill them to gain gold." Sprinkling the
jar of the Siamese, the god again said, "Whatsoever is silver, let it be
silver; whatsoever is gold, let it be gold," but the dog barked, as dogs
do, and In Ta Pome said, "You must plow the earth, and only by the sweat
of your brow shall you have enough to keep you in food."

Taking the jar of the Indiaman, and having sprinkled it, In Ta Pome
cried, "Whatsoever is silver, let it be silver, and whatsoever is gold,
let it be gold," and lo, the child came to life! And to the Indiaman did
In Ta Pome give the chemical that changes all stones and metals into
gold, because he had believed, and had not tried to mock and deceive the
gods.




  IX
  Wonders of Wisdom


The Words of Untold Value

In the days long since gone by, a young man, a son of a poor widow,
desired to go with two of his friends to Tuck Kasula,[20] the country
where one could learn the wisdom of all the world, but he had no gold
with which to buy the wisdom, for does not every one know that wisdom is
difficult to obtain, and is therefore of great price.

Now, the two young friends had each two puns[21] of gold, but the
widow's son had but two hairs of his mother's, which, when he wept
because he had no money, the widow had given him, saying, "I have naught
but these two fine hairs to give thee, my son, but go with thy friends,
each hair will be to thee as a pun of gold."

Then the son placed the two hairs in a package with his clothing, and
sealed the package with wax, and set out with his friends to visit Tuck
Kasula.

After they had travelled some time, they grew hungry, and on arriving in
a village, they entered a house for food. The widow's son left his
package and his other goods on the veranda. While he was within the
house a hen ran away with the package and lost it. The owners of the hen
offered the son anything they had either of food or clothing to replace
his loss, but he would be content with nothing but the hen, and they
gave it to him.

And again when they entered another house for food, the widow's son tied
the hen to a small bush in the compound, and, lo, an elephant stepped
upon it and killed it!

The people offered the young man many things to make good his loss, but
he would be content with nothing but the elephant, and they gave him the
elephant.

At last they reached Tuck Kasula, and while his two friends, with their
gold, sought the house of the teachers, the widow's son stayed under a
tree where he could hear the teachers instructing their disciples.

"If you wish to know others, sleep. If you wish to see, go and look,"
said a wise man. "These words are of untold value, but, for only two
puns of gold will I give them unto you," he added.

The widow's son knew he had heard without price the wisdom for which his
two friends would each have to pay two puns of gold, so he quietly
turned the elephant and returned home.

"I will buy your words of wisdom, if you will sell them," said the judge
to the widow's son.

"For two puns of gold I will sell them," answered the widow's son.

"Two puns of gold will I give thee," said the judge.

"'If you wish to know others, sleep. If you wish to see, go and look,'"
said the widow's son, when he had in his possession the two puns of
gold.

The judge, desiring to test the truth of the words, as he understood
them, called unto him his four wives, and said, "I am not well. Give me
water to drink, and fan me." Soon he seemed to be asleep, and his wives
talked thus together in low voices:

"It is not pleasant to be the wife of this foolish man," said the first.

"I like another man better," said the second.

"I wish I could steal his goods and flee while he sleeps," said the
third.

"I would like to make him a savory dish with poison in it to kill him,"
said the fourth.

Then the judge sprang up and cruelly punished his wives and put them in
chains.

And upon another day, the judge arose early and went out to see how his
slaves worked. Under the house, hunting for something, he saw a man.

"What do you seek?" asked the judge.

"I have just stolen from the judge all of his silver, and, in trying to
get it through a small opening, I broke my finger-nail. If I do not find
it, the judge will die and all his possessions will be destroyed, for,
as thou knowest, ever is it thus, if a finger-nail falls near a house."

When the man had found the broken nail, the judge said, "I, who stand
here, am the judge. I will but take from you the silver which you have
stolen and no punishment shall be yours, because of the truth which you
have told." Then the judge said to himself, "The two puns of gold was a
small price to pay for the wisdom which I have obtained."

  20: A fabulous "City of Wisdom."

  21: A pun--about 3 lbs. avoir.


A Wise Philosopher

As a rich trader journeyed to another province, he rested by the road
under a tree, and, as he sat there, a poor young man approached and
asked that he might accompany him.

"Come," said the trader, and, as they journeyed, they came to a place
where there were many stones, indeed there was naught else to be seen.

"Here are there no stones," said the poor young man.

"You are right, here are no stones," replied the trader.

Soon they reached the shade of a large forest, and the young man said,

"Here are no trees."

"You are right, here are no trees," the trader assented.

When they reached a large village, the poor young man said,

"Here are no people."

"You are right," spake the trader, but he wondered what manner of man
might he be who knows nothing and has neither eyes nor ears. However, as
he returned home and the poor young man begged to accompany him, he
agreed and took him with him.

And, as they approached the trader's home his daughter called, "O
father, what have you brought?"

"Nothing but this foolish young man," answered the trader.

"Why do you call him a fool?" asked the daughter. "By his appearance and
manner I would judge he were the god of wisdom come down in man's form."

"I can see no wisdom in one who, when he can see but stones, says,
'There are no stones here,' or, when he is in the forest, says, 'Here
are no trees,' or, when in the midst of a populous village, says, 'There
is no man here,'" replied the trader.

"He meant, where the stones were all about, that none were precious;
where the forest was, that there was no teak, no wood good for man's
use; and, where the village was, there were no people, as the people had
all fallen away from the religion of Buddha, living but as beasts and
making no merit for the future life," argued the daughter.

"If you esteem him so highly, take him for your husband," said the
trader.

"If your daughter will have me as her husband, ever will I endeavor to
make the path on which she treads smooth and beautiful for her feet,"
cried the poor young man.

They were married and lived happily, and, upon a time, the head chow
summoned the trader to come watch his house during the night. Greatly
was the trader troubled. "I shall die this night," cried the trader.

"Why shall you die, my father?" asked the son-in-law, in great concern.

"The chow has called me to watch this night and for some time past he
has killed all who have watched for him; an evil spirit has possessed
him and he loves to punish with death the watchmen, for, he falsely says
they sleep and he has them killed but to satisfy the spirit in him,"
answered the trader.

"I will watch in thy stead," said the son-in-law. And fearlessly did he
go to the chow's, and, when midnight was come and the chow descended
secretly to see if the watchman slept, lo, the young man prayed aloud
for the god of wisdom to come teach him what to do. The chow, hearing
the sound of voices, listened, and heard one voice say, "The brave and
the strong govern themselves, then have they the power to govern others.
The wise make themselves loved because they are good and true, and are
served by others through love and not through fear," and another voice
steadily repeated the words. Three times during the night came the chow.
Each time the voice was speaking and being answered, and, lo, when the
eye of day opened in the East, the chow was found possessed of a kind
and loving spirit and no longer desired to destroy his people. The young
son-in-law of the trader was made a leader of the people, for the chow
declared unto all that the spirit of the god of wisdom dwelt in the
young man's heart, and, it came to pass that the whole land was blessed
because one young man had learned of the god of wisdom.


The Boys Who Were Not Appreciated

Once there were two brothers. The elder watched and tended the younger
during the day, while their mother went to labor for food. It had
happened that the father had died, and the mother had taken another
husband who ever sought to teach the mother to dislike and neglect the
brothers.

And it fell upon a day that the children waited and watched for their
mother's return until they were hungry, for all day had they had no
food. When the eye of day closed, they sought food and found some green
fruit. This they ate and then lay down to sleep.

Long after darkness had settled, came the mother and her husband home,
and the mother cooked rice which they sat down to eat.

Awakened by the odor of the rice, the children heard the talking, and
the elder led his younger brother to his mother and begged food, but the
husband said, "Do not give them of our food," and the mother beat them
and drove them from home. The elder brother carried his little brother
back to sleep under the house, but even thence were they driven. At last
they sought and found shelter with a neighboring widow, who gave them
mats to sleep on. As the eye of day opened, the two children set out to
find a new home. For many days did they walk, and upon an evening they
found a _sala_ near the chief city of another province. There they
slept. In the morning the elder boy sought food, and behold, he saw two
snakes wrestling under the _sala_. Both were wounded. One, however,
killed the other and then left it and ate some grass growing near, and,
lo, immediately the snake was whole as before. Waiting only until the
restored snake had gone, the boy gathered some of the grass, and put it
in the mouth of the dead snake, and forthwith it came to life and
blessed the boy. Gathering more of the grass, the boy returned to his
brother and they both ate of it and were strengthened.

Not long after, a servant of the chow of the neighboring province came
to the _sala_, and the boys asked, "For whom is the mourning in the
city?" The servant replied, "The young daughter of the chow; and the
chow mourns. If any one will restore her unto life, the chow declares,
unto him will he give half of his province and goods."

Eager to try the wonderful grass, the boy carried his young brother and
some of the grass even unto the chow's house, where he sought permission
to restore the child with the grass. Gladly the chow consented. The boy
placed the magic grass in the maiden's mouth, and immediately she came
to life. Full of joy, the chow shared his province and goods with him
and even gave his daughter in marriage, as promised.

And upon a day after they had lived happily a long time in that province
and had grown wise and strong, the two young men thought of their
mother, and said, "We will go and visit her and her husband."

They made ready joints of bamboo and closed them, after having filled
them with gold, in such a way that no one could see the gold. When all
was ready, with a great number of elephants and servants, they returned
to their native province.

On reaching their home, they gave of the bamboo joints to their friends
and relatives, one each, but to their mother and her husband, gave they
five of the largest joints, and two of the largest gave they to the kind
widow.

"The bamboo makes fine firewood," they said to their mother. "Cut it up
and burn it."

The mother and her husband were angry and would not speak to the sons
who had brought but wood as a gift, and sorrowfully they returned to the
other province.

Upon a day the widow visited the mother and urged that she cut the
bamboo joints.

"Your sons say that the bamboo makes a good firewood. Where is yours?"
the widow asked.

The mother replied, "It is outside. Our children came from a great
distance and brought to us but this firewood. We shall never touch it."

But the widow urged, "I would believe and trust the love of my children.
I beg that you cut up the wood." At last they did so, and when the
husband cut into the joints, lo, he found them all gold. Then ran they
both to find the sons to thank them, but they were already too far
distant. Unable to endure their remorse, there the mother and her
husband died on the wayside.


The Magic Well

The chow of a large province lay ill. All the doctors of many provinces
were summoned, but none could aid him, nor could any understand his
malady. Lying in his house one day, an old man begged he might see him,
saying he had a message from the spirits. Brought into the presence of
the chow, the old man said, "Last night, as I lay on my bed, I had this
vision. A spirit came to me and touched me and led me to the river's
brink. There I saw a boat prepared for my use. I entered the boat and it
was rowed swiftly by unseen hands down the stream. After a little time,
it stopped at the foot of a tall mountain. Up this the spirit led me,
and through which was no path. We journeyed until we reached the
mountain's top. On its summit were two great walls of rock, and between
the walls was a gate, looking like a gate which led into a city. Leading
me to the other side of the mountain, the spirit bade me ascend the rock
where the foot of man had never before trod, and, far up in the face of
the rock, I saw a small opening, like the mouth of a well. I lay down
and stretched my arm to its full length, but failed to reach the bottom
of the opening. By the side of this opening, on looking more closely, I
beheld a cup tied to the end of a staff. With the cup I dipped pure
water from the well. About to drink of the water, the spirit restrained
me and commanded I should come to thee and tell thee this water, and
this water alone, would heal thee. Therefore have I come, O prince, to
lead thee unto this place."

The prince did not doubt him, but commanded the boats be prepared for
his use. Taking with him a large retinue of servants, and guided by the
aged man, they departed in search of the health-restoring well.

After just such a journey as the man had described, at his bidding, the
boats landed at the foot of a tall mountain, where he led them
unerringly upward, although no path could be seen; the chow, leaning on
the arms of two strong men, followed.

There indeed were the walls of rock and the gateway, as the guide had
described, and, after a long and weary climb, they reached the opening
in the rock.

Taking the staff of the chow and binding his golden drinking-cup
thereto, the aged man dipped from the well and gave it to the prince to
drink. Having drank of the water, and having poured it on his head and
hands, the chow was healed of his sickness, and was as a new man. And to
this day, the water is used for the healing of the people.




  X
  Strange Fortunes of Strange People


The Fortunes of Ai Powlo

Once upon a time a father and mother had a wicked son whose name was Ai
Powlo. One day, while in the rice fields together, the father sent the
son to his mother with a message. Instead, however, of delivering the
message, Ai Powlo said his father had been eaten by a tiger. Leaving his
mother in great distress, he returned to the rice fields and told his
father that both his mother and the house were burned, and, for three
days, did the father mourn for his wife, as he lay in the watchhouse.

While the father was mourning, Ai Powlo moved his mother and the house
to a new place and then sought his father, saying, "I saw a woman in a
new house by the stream who resembles my mother. Would you like her for
a wife?"

"If my son seeks her for me, I would be thankful," replied the father.

Going to his mother, Ai Powlo said, "I have a man who would make thee a
good husband. He would work in the rice fields. Will you take him for a
husband?"

Thinking of the work, the mother said, "I will. Go, bring him to me, my
son."

Lo, when the father and mother met, they recognized one another, and
they knew their crafty son had deceived them!

As Ai Powlo fled from the wrath of his mother and father, he journeyed
many days, and, upon a day it happened he stole some pork from a
Chinaman. Taking the pork, he sought the rice fields and there he saw an
old man at work. Running up to him, he called, "Father, do you not
hunger for some pork? I have some to share with you."

"I do, my son," replied the old man.

Together they went to the watchhouse to cook the pork, but found no pot
there.

"Whilst I make a fire, go thou, my son, to my house and ask my wife for
a pot."

"Your husband wants you to give me all the money in the house, as he has
heard of an elephant which he can buy now," said Ai Powlo to the wife.

The wife refused to give it to him and Ai Powlo called to the husband,
who sat by the watchhouse waiting for the pot, "She will not give it to
me." The old man called back, as he was hungry for the pork, "Give it to
him. Make haste," and receiving all their store, Ai Powlo fled into
another province.

Upon a day, as Ai Powlo walked by the highway, he saw four bald-headed
men pouring water on their heads to cool themselves. Running up to them,
he said, "I know a medicine which will make the hair grow. Rub your
heads until the skin is broken, whilst I make the medicine."

Taking some red peppers, he pounded them to a soft paste, put some salt
in it, and then handed it to the four simple-minded old men, who had
already rubbed their heads until they bled.

Having used the medicine, they suffered great pain and would have killed
Ai Powlo, but he fled and took refuge with the chow, to whom he said, "I
saw four old men on the way, who butted their heads together, trying to
see which could overcome the other. All have much strength, and their
heads are scratched and bleeding." Even as Ai Powlo spoke to the chow,
the chow espied the men, and, when they came up, he commanded them,
saying, "If you are able thus to wrestle for your own pleasure, you can
wrestle for my pleasure." Not daring to disobey the command of the chow,
the men painfully wrestled. While they struggled, Ai Powlo, fearing
their wrath, fled, and as he fled, he fell into a deep stream and was
drowned.

       *       *       *       *       *

Many years after, two fishermen were fishing in the stream, and as they
drew in the net, they found not a fish, but a skull, and lo, the skull
both laughed and mocked!

As the fishermen talked together of the curious skull, a man with a
boat-load of goods approached, and they called to him, asking, "Did you
ever see a skull which laughed and mocked?"

"Never did I see such a skull, nor ever will I believe there is such a
thing," replied the man.

"If we show you such a skull, what will you give unto us?" asked the
fishermen.

"All the goods in my boat," laughingly answered the man.

On beholding the skull, which, of a truth did both laugh and mock him,
the boatman forfeited his goods, but, in his anger, he cut the skull and
broke it into pieces, and, of these pieces he made dice with which to
gamble, and was it not fitting, as Ai Powlo, whose skull it was, in life
had but deceived, and ever done evil?


The Fortunes of a Lazy Beggar

Once upon a time a man lived who was never known to work. When the
neighbors grew weary supplying him with food, he sought the forest, and
lay down under a fig-tree so the ripe fruit might drop into his mouth.
Often, when the food fell out of his reach, he would suffer hunger,
rather than make an effort.

It fell upon a day that a stranger passed that way, and the lazy man
asked him to please gather some fruit and put it into his mouth, as he
hungered. The wily stranger gathered a handful of earth and put it into
his mouth, as he lay there with his eyes even closed. Tasting the earth,
the lazy man was angry, and he threw figs after the retreating impostor,
who ran away mocking him.

Days after, a ripe fig fell into a stream near by and, floating down the
stream, was seen and eaten by the daughter of a chow. Delicious to the
taste, she grew dissatisfied with all other fruit and vowed that, from
henceforth, she would eat of no other fruit, and that the man who had
thrown the one beautiful fig should be her husband.

Angered by such a caprice, her father urged her to be guided by his
judgment. Unable to restrain her, and, hoping to turn her desire
elsewhere, the chow made an elaborate feast and bade all the people of
the province to it. But, among all was not the one who had thrown the
fig into the stream.

"Is there not yet a man who has not come to the feast?" asked the chow.

"None save the lazy beggar who lies at the fig-tree," they said.

"Bring him hither," commanded the chow, determined to have his daughter
see what manner of man she was selecting as her husband.

Too lazy to walk, the lazy man was carried into the presence of the chow
and his guests.

Ashamed that his daughter sought such as her husband, and would have no
other, as it was supposed that the lazy man alone had thrown the fig
into the stream, and he was too lazy to deny it, the chow had a boat
built for their use and commanded that they be floated down the stream
to the sea. This he did, hoping his obstinate daughter and her lazy
husband might be lost to the world forever.

All day long the boat drifted; all day long spake the princess not one
word to her husband, nor would she have aught to eat. Fearing she would
not live, if she did not eat, the beggar made a fire to cook some rice
for her. Lazy as ever, he put but two stones under the kettle, and it
tottered.

"I cannot endure your lazy ways. Put three stones under the kettle,"
cried his wife.

The husband did so, glad she had spoken to him.

And when the boat had drifted many days, it came to a place where once
there had been a large rice field and there it remained.

While the princess stayed in the boat, the once indolent beggar labored
day after day in the rice fields that they might live; moreover, he had
learned to love his princess wife.

When the god, who looks to men's deeds, from his home in the sky saw the
man no longer loved his ease more than all else, but would toil for his
wife, he said within himself, "the man deserves reward." So he called to
him six wild monkeys from his woods, and gave into their care six magic
gongs, telling them to go beat them in the rice fields where the husband
toiled.

The husband heard the monkeys and the clanging of the gongs, but, at
last, unable to endure the noise, finally caught the monkeys and secured
the gongs. He then threatened to kill the monkeys, but they plead that
they were sent, by the god who looks to men's deeds, with the gongs as a
reward for his merit. "Having seen your efforts to provide for your
wife, who loves not you, he sends you these gongs. If you strike this
one, you will grow beautiful; that one, you will have wisdom. Another
gives you lands and servants, and, another, if struck while holding it
in your hands, will cause people to do you reverence as though you were
a god," they told the man.

Having permitted the monkeys to go, he beat the gong of beauty, and his
body grew straight and tall, also his face became most pleasant to look
upon. Beating the gong of power, and taking the others with him, he
sought his wife. She did not recognize him, and would have done him
reverence, but he said, "Do me no reverence. I am thy husband," and he
told her of the god's reward. When she heard of the magic gongs, she
entreated him to return to her father that he might forgive her for not
having heeded his counsel.

Through the magic gongs, had they wealth, power and all benefits the
gods could bestow, and the father loved them, and indeed gave his
son-in-law power above all the princes in his province. And the once
lazy man thought within himself: "In former times the people derided me
as a lazy man, because I would not work, now that I am possessed of
wealth, they do me reverence; yet behold I am as lazy as ever, for I
open my mouth and food is ready for my use. Thus it is, that when a poor
man does not work, he is called a lazy beggar, but when a prince, or
rich man, does not work, he has power, and people do him reverence."

[Illustration: A Laos Feast.]

[Illustration: Street in a Laos Town.]


The Misfortunes of Paw Yan

Upon a day, Paw Yan[22] said to his wife, "Today I shall build a
watch-tower in the rice fields."

"You will need four posts about the size of our children here," replied
the wife.

Taking the four children with him to the rice fields, Paw Yan dug four
post holes and made the children stand in them. Then he packed the earth
about their feet to make them firm, took the beams and laid them on
their shoulders, tied them in place, and went for more bamboo to finish
the watch-tower.

The eye of day had closed in the West, yet the husband and the children
returned not, so the wife, in distress, sought them in the fields, and,
lo, when she reached them, there stood the four children as posts for
the watch-tower.

"Know you not anything? I said take four posts the size of our
children," cried the wife.

And upon another day did Paw Yan attempt to build the tower, but so
utterly did he fail that his wife said, "While I build the watch-tower
you gather the food for the pigs, and, when the eye of day closes, give
it to them."

Paw Yan watched until the eye of day was about to close, but forgot to
gather the food for the pigs, so he took all the rice, which was the
food for the family, and went out to the pigs. He called, "Ow, ow,
ow,"[23] and the pigs ran about trying to find the food, but Paw Yan
forgot to throw it to them, for, while he stood there, he saw ants
running down the trunk of a tree, and he could think of nothing else.
"That's an easy way to get down a tree," thought Paw Yan. "I'll try it,"
and, throwing the rice aside, he climbed the tree, and, head first,
started down, but fell to the ground and broke his neck!

  22: Paw Yan--a blunderer.

  23: Ow--take.


An Unfortunate Shot

There was once a poor man too ill to work, and he had no one to give him
food. The chow of the province heard of him and sent for him to come to
his house.

When the man reached the house of the chow, the chow gave him a bow and
arrow, saying, "Shoot upward toward the sky. When the arrow falls to the
earth, if it fall making a hole in the earth, I will weigh the earth
which the arrow digs up, and give thee the weight of it in gold. On
whatsoever thy arrow falls, that will I weigh and give its weight unto
thee in gold. If, in its fall, the arrow should make a hole in the
ground six feet long and six feet deep, that earth will I weigh, and
gold according to the weight thereof shall be thine."

The poor man was indeed glad, and, shooting with all his strength into
the air, the arrow pierced a pomegranate seed, therefore the chow gave
unto him gold but the weight of the seed!




  XI
  Stories Gone Astray


The Blind Man

A man and a woman had a daughter to whom they ever taught, in selecting
a husband, to take none but a man with rough hands, as then she might
know he would work.

Overhearing this advice, and desiring a wife, a blind man took some
rice, pounded it, and having rubbed it over his hands, came to woo the
maiden. Though utterly blind, the eyes of the blind man appeared even as
the eyes of those who see, and the maiden loved him and gave herself to
him in marriage. Never did she suspect the truth.

Many days they lived happily, but upon a time the wife made curry of
many kinds of meat, and her husband ate but of one kind. When she asked
him why he ate but of the one kind, the husband replied, "If a man eat
from a dish, that dish should he wash. If I eat but from one, I need
wash but one."

Again, upon a day, as the husband plowed the rice field, he plowed up
the ridges between the fields.

"Why dost thou work after that fashion?" asked the wife.

"The places for planting the rice are small and narrow. I wish to make
them larger," replied the husband.

When the rice had grown, the man went into the fields with his wife,
and, as they walked, he fell over the ridges, in among the rice.

"Why dost thou fall upon the rice?" asked the wife.

"I do but measure the distance between the plants. If the rice be good
this year, I will then know just how far apart to plant it next year,"
he answered.

And upon a time it happened the house was burning, and, as the wife
fled, she saw her husband lingering and unable to find the door.

"Come this way, the door is here," cried the wife.

"I know, I know. I but measure the house that we may build another of
its size," retorted the husband.

Lo, as the husband left the burning house and was running, he fell into
a well. His wife placed a ladder for him to climb out, but, behold, he
climbed far above the mouth of the well.

"Come down. Here is the ground," called the wife.

"I know, I know. I am up here to see if the fire is out," called down
the husband.

Long had the father of the wife suspected the husband was blind, and,
upon a day, he came to test his eyes. Carrying a bell, such as a buffalo
wears, the father hid in the bushes and rang the bell.

"Go, bring the buffalo into the compound,"[24] directed the wife.

Suspecting naught, the husband went to the bushes, and cried, "Yoo,
yoo!"[25] The father struck him, but he freed himself and returned to
the house and told his wife that the buffalo had been dangerous and had
horned him. But the father, convinced the husband had deceived them all,
drove him from the house.

As the blind man walked, he met a man with palsied feet.

"If thou wilt be eyes to me, I will be feet to thee," called the blind
man, and, forthwith, he put the palsied man on his back. As they
journeyed, they met a wizard, who said, "Would you prosper, that which
you grasp hold with a secure hand."

And upon a day, the man with the palsy saw a bird's nest; thinking there
would be eggs therein, he bade the blind man go up the tree and bring
them. When the blind man grasped the nest, the head of a venomous snake
appeared, but his companion called, "Grasp it tightly," and, as he held
it, the snake cast of its venom in his eyes, and he saw all things. Just
lingering to place the snake on his afflicted friend, and seeing him,
too, restored, the husband hastened home to his wife, but as he ran, he
beheld her coming out to him. With these kind words did she greet him,
"O, my husband, come I will work for thee. I have ever loved thee!" but,
when she beheld that his eyesight was restored, she was exceeding glad,
and greatly did she rejoice.

  24: Enclosed grounds or yard--generally a place of residence.

  25: Yoo, yoo--stand still, be quiet.


Heads I Win, Tails You Lose

A man once asked his newly-married son-in-law, "You will help me in the
work that the chow gives me to do, now that you are one of us, will you
not?"

And the son-in-law replied, "I will promise this. Whenever you go, I
will stay at home, and when I stay at home, you will go and work."

Pleased with the ready promise, the father said, "I thank you, my son."

When the chow called the father, the son said, "This time you go, and I
will stay at home," and the father went.

And when the chow again called, the son said, "Now, I will stay at home,
whilst you go."

Then the father understood the promise of his son, and he did his
government work alone until the day of his death.


The Great Boaster

There lived in the south a man who so continually boasted of his
strength and endurance that all the people called him, "Kee-oo-yai"--the
great boaster. Never entered into his ear a tale of danger, but his
mouth opened to speak of a greater one which had been his; never a feat
of strength but he could tell of one requiring greater strength which he
had done, so, when the men of the village talked together and saw him
drawing near, they would derisively say, "There is the great boaster
coming. We must flee from his face for, is not he as strong and brave as
the elephant? And we, compared to him are but as the dogs, or as the
pigs." And the company would separate, so when the boaster reached the
place no one would be there.

Once, a young boy came from a distant province, and, hearing of the
boaster, said, "Verily, I can bring him to have a face of shame before
his neighbors, for, in one thing I can excel any man almost. I can run
for a short distance and my heart does not beat faster, neither can any
man say that my heart is quicker than when I am but seated, doing no
labor. I will challenge the boaster to run up a hill with me, breathing
but four times until the top is reached."

The next day, the boy met and challenged the boaster to run to the top
of a small hill, drawing breath but four times on the way. "If you can
run and draw breath but four times, I can run the same distance and draw
breath but twice," the boaster said.

When the race was run, many men ran along to see that neither of the
runners deceived the other. The boaster ran but a short distance, when
he shouted in pain and shame, "Had we been running down-hill, I am sure
that I could have done more than you."

Then all the men mocked the boaster, saying, "Your words are truly
large, but your works are but small. Never again will we listen to you,
for a young lad has overcome one who says that he is stronger than the
strongest." From that time never were they troubled, for,
"Kee-oo-yai,"--the great boaster, was never heard to boast again.


A Clever Thief

Once a man went into the field of a gardener and stole a melon. Before
he had had time to eat it the gardener discovered him, took the melon
and tied it to the neck of the thief, and led him to the home of the
head man of the village.

As they walked along, the thief took his scarf and covered his head and
shoulders, and, as he was in front, he ate the melon without the
gardener's seeing him.

When they reached the home of the head man, the gardener said, "This man
stole a melon from me. It is tied to his neck under the cloth which
covers his head and shoulders."

"I thought this man but walked along. I did not know he would accuse me
of such a sin. If I stole a melon, where is it?" asked the thief. He
removed the scarf, and, lo, there was nothing to prove his guilt, and
the head man said, "I see no sign of guilt in this man. Do not again
falsely accuse one, or you will be punished."


Eyeless-Needle, Rotten-Egg, Rotten-Banana, Old-Fish and Broken-Pestle.

Once upon a time there were five men so lazy and wicked that no one
would speak to them nor have anything to do with them. No one of their
native province would speak to them at all, and, to show their contempt
for them, the people had christened them by odious names. One was
called, "Eyeless-Needle"; one, "Rotten-Egg"; one, "Rotten-Banana"; one,
"Old-Fish," and the fifth, "Broken-Pestle."

As there was neither shelter nor food for them in the village, they went
to live in the woods, and one day they saw a cannibal building a fire.
He had both a fine house and much goods, so one of the men said, "Let us
go kill him, and take his goods."

"Eyeless-needle" said, "No, we must not kill him now. When he sleeps we
will kill him. I have planned just how it shall be done. You,
'Rotten-Egg,' go to the fireplace. You, 'Old-Fish,' jump into the water
jar. 'Rotten-Banana,' lie down at the top of the stairs, and, you,
'Broken-Pestle,' lie at the foot."

As the eye of day had closed and the cannibal slept, "Eyeless-Needle,"
from under the bed, pricked him. The cannibal thought insects were
biting him, and, unable to sleep, he arose to build a fire. When he
stooped to blow the flame, "Rotten-Egg" broke and flew up into his face;
when he sought the water jar to wash his face, "Old-Fish" jumped and
broke the jar and all the water was lost. Taking the dipper to go to the
well for water, the cannibal slipped on "Rotten-Banana" and fell
downstairs, where "Broken-Pestle" struck him on the head and killed him.
Then, taking much goods, "Eyeless-Needle," "Rotten-Banana,"
"Rotten-Egg," "Old-Fish," and "Broken-Pestle" fled, and to this day, has
no one either seen or heard of them.




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TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

In the first story, A Child of The Woods, the second paragraph starts
with an opening quote that is never closed or continued, this has been
left unchanged.

List of changes from the printed edition (in parentheses the original
text):

p. 72: "venison" for "vension" (I will neither eat of the vension, nor
of the pork)

p. 80: "flying-jewel" for "flying jewel" (and instead of giving the
rascal the flying jewel, flew away)

p. 155: ";" for "." (Cloth, 75 cents. paper cover, 30 cents)





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