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diff --git a/36473.txt b/36473.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7f6206c --- /dev/null +++ b/36473.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2528 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula, by +Erwin E. Klaas + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula + +Author: Erwin E. Klaas + +Release Date: June 20, 2011 [EBook #36473] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SUMMER BIRDS FROM YUCATAN PENINSULA *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 17, No. 14, pp. 579-611, 1 fig. +April 24, 1968 + + + +Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico + + +BY + +ERWIN E. KLAAS + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1968 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Frank B. Cross, J. Knox Jones, Jr. + + +Volume 17, No. 14, pp. 579-611, 1 Fig. +Published April 24, 1968 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +ROBERT R. (BOB) SANDERS, STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1968 + + + + +Transcriber's Note: Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have +been retained as printed. + + + + +Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico + +BY + +ERWIN E. KLAAS + + + + +INTRODUCTION + + +Because its unique geographical location and ecological setting +supports a rich and varied avifauna, the Yucatan Peninsula has received +considerable attention by ornithologists. The most valuable +contribution is Paynter's "The Ornithogeography of the Yucatan +Peninsula" (1955a), an authoritative study of the composition, +distribution, and origin of the avifauna of the region. His work +contains a complete listing of all species reported to that time from +the peninsula. It considers the hundreds of specimens collected by the +author and his associates during many months of field work, provides a +synthesis of all the information available to 1955, and is the basic +reference to the avifauna of the area. Paynter also pointed out matters +for which information is lacking. Two of the most conspicuous deficits +that he noted are the lack of knowledge about many species that occur +on the peninsula in summer, and the paucity of data as to time of +breeding, although some information on reproduction in a few species +was published subsequently by Paynter (1955b) and Storer (1961). + +In July and August of 1962, I was a member of a field party from the +Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas, engaged in a +survey of vertebrates and their ectoparasites on the Yucatan Peninsula. +The purpose of the present paper is to report on the birds collected +and observed during the course of this field work. Particular emphasis +is given to breeding information, but observations concerning +distribution, incidence, and molt also are given. In addition, a list +of the chewing lice (Mallophaga) taken from various specimens is given +in Table 2 and in the appropriate species account of the host. Other +ectoparasites removed from these birds will be reported on elsewhere. + + + + +ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + +I am especially indebted to Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., under whose +direction this field study was undertaken, and to Dr. Richard F. +Johnston who aided greatly in the identification of specimens and +critical reading of the manuscript. I am grateful also to other members +of the field party who helped in collecting many of the specimens +reported herein: Ticul Alvarez, A. Binion Amerson, Dr. William E. +Duellman, Dr. J. Knox Jones, Jr., Thomas E. Lovejoy, III, Jack G. +Makepeace, Dwight R. Platt, William C. Stanley, Jerome B. Tulecke, and +John Wellman. Dr. K. C. Emerson graciously identified the specimens of +Mallophaga and Dr. Allan R. Phillips aided in identification of some of +the birds. + +In addition, I wish to express sincere thanks for quarters provided our +field party at the Campo Experimental Forestal "El Tormento" at +Escarcega, Campeche, by Ing. Hector Flores S.; at Pueblo Nuevo X-can, +Quintana Roo, by Pablo Alimilla; at Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Quintana +Roo, by Fernando Esquival Montono; and at Piste, Yucatan, by Luis V. +Polanco. The field party benefited also from arrangements and helpful +suggestions made by Eduardo C. Welling of Merida and Marynoll Father +Joseph Early of Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Wherever we camped the local +Mayans were exceptionally helpful, especially as guides and collectors. + +Our field party was composed of two units. One unit, working on a +survey of Middle American vertebrates and their ectoparasites, was +supported by the United States Army Medical Research and Development +Command (Contract No. DA-49-193-MD-2215). The second unit, composed of +students in the Field Course in Vertebrate Zoology from The University +of Kansas, was supported in part by the Museum of Natural History and +by a grant from the National Science Foundation (G 20939, Special +Projects in Science Education). The late Ing. Luis Macias Arellano, +Departamento de la Fauna Silvestre, Direccion General de Caza, Mexico, +D.F., generously provided the necessary permits for collecting +vertebrates. + + + + +PHYSICAL FEATURES + + +The Yucatan Peninsula is a northeastern projection of Central America +lying between the Gulf of Campeche, the Gulf of Mexico, and the +Caribbean Sea. Its area is approximately 143,500 square kilometers and +includes the Mexican states of Campeche and Yucatan and the sparsely +settled Territory of Quintana Roo, plus parts of British Honduras and +the Peten region of Guatamala. The peninsula has a mean breadth of +about 300 kilometers and a coast line of about 1100 kilometers. + +Topographically, the peninsula is a low-level plain that rises +gradually inland to the south. The coast on the north and west is low, +sandy, and semi-barren; openings through the outer coastal strand lead +to narrow brackish lagoons surrounded by mangroves. The eastern coast +consists of bluffs, indented with bays and bordered by several islands, +the largest being Cozumel. A small range of hills traverses the +peninsula from the city of Campeche to Chetumal Bay; although appearing +sizeable, these almost nowhere exceed 100 meters in elevation. The +extreme southerly portion of the peninsula is moderately hilly and is +covered with tropical rain forest. + +The peninsula is composed almost wholly of a bed of coraline and porous +limestone covered with a layer of thin, dry soil formed from the slow +weathering of the bedrock. The humus is rarely more than a few +centimeters deep, and consequently cornfields (_milpas_) must be moved +every two or three years. With each move a new area of the land is +cleared and burned. This agricultural practice has been routine with +the Mayan people for centuries and apparently has had a profound effect +on the vegetation, severely limiting the extent of virgin forest. + +In many places, especially in the northern part of the peninsula, the +rocky surface of the terrain is perforated by natural wells or +sink-holes, which are called _cenotes_ locally. Many _cenotes_ support +small "islands" of unique vegetation, the composition of which somewhat +resembles the rain forest of the southern part of the peninsula. +Temporary water-holes and shallow lakes (_aguadas_) are sparsely +scattered throughout the southern half of the peninsula. There are no +rivers of importance; most that are present are in the southernmost +region. + +The climate of northern Yucatan is hot and dry, and the absence of high +mountainous ridges to intercept the moisture-bearing clouds from the +Atlantic accounts for less rain than would be expected. The +southernmost part of the peninsula receives a maximum of 200 +centimeters of rain annually. The amount decreases toward the north to +an average of about 45 centimeters. Almost all of the rain falls from +May to October. Daily temperatures range from 78 deg. to 98 deg. F. in the +shade; cool sea winds prevail day and night throughout most of the +year. The hottest months are May and June. In winter, fierce northers, +_temporales_ or _nortes_, occasionally sweep across this open region, +bringing rain and cooler temperatures, lasting several days. + +The areas adjacent to British Honduras and Guatemala receive sufficient +rainfall to support forests containing mahogany (_Swietenia_); +sapodilly (_Achras_); several valuable cabinet woods; logwood +(_Haematozylon_) and other dyewoods. As one proceeds northward the +flora and fauna change gradually from that of the wet tropics to that +of the dry tropics. + +Paynter's (1955a) system of vegetational zones on the peninsula is +useful to ornithologists. He recognized three zones: Scrub, Deciduous +Forest, and Rain Forest. The Scrub zone occupies Isla Holbox and Isla +Mujeres and the arid northern coast of Yucatan. The zone extends only a +few miles inland and consists of low-tropical thorn forest of mesquite +(_Prosopsis_), _Mimosa_, _Yucca_, _Agave_, and mangrove (_Rhizophora_) +wherever standing water occurs. Sisal in Yucatan and Isla Mujeres of +Quintana Roo are in this Scrub zone. + +The Deciduous Forest zone is a vast area of low, semiarid, secondary +forest occupying all of the state of Yucatan not in the Scrub zone, +northern Campeche, and a thin strip a few kilometers wide in Quintana +Roo along the Yucatan-Quintana Roo border and a similar narrow band +along the eastern coast. The island of Cozumel is also included in this +zone. Collections were made in the Deciduous Forest at Champoton, +Campeche, Isla Cozumel and Puerto Juarez, Quintana Roo, and Piste, +Yucatan. + +The Rain Forest zone occupies the remainder of the peninsula and +includes most of the territory of Quintana Roo, and the southern half +of Campeche. Collections were made in this zone at Escarcega, Campeche, +and at Felipe Carrillo Puerto and Pueblo Nuevo X-can, Quintana Roo. +Isla del Carmen cannot be accurately assigned to any of these three +zones because most of the island has been planted in coconut palms. It +is an area of high rainfall and may once have supported rainforest. + +In the present report the term "second growth" refers to areas that +have been recently cut over. In these areas, the forest is +characteristically low and in a stage of transition. In the Rain Forest +zone "second growth" areas usually contain species of deciduous trees. + +Paynter (1955a) has given an excellent descriptive summary of the +topography, climate, and phytogeography of the Yucatan Peninsula and +there is little need to go into further detail here. During summer, the +rainy season, the Deciduous Forest is much more luxuriant in appearance +than in winter when most of the trees have lost their leaves. Also, the +numerous _cenotes_ in this zone support a limited growth of evergreen +trees. For example, the large Cenote Seco about two kilometers east of +Chichen-Itza contains elephant ear (_Caladium_), mamey (_Mammea_), figs +(_Ficus_), and other large trees the trunks of which are some 10 meters +below the surface of the surrounding tableland. These plants project +five to 10 meters above the surrounding low forest. The floor of this +_cenote_ is near the watertable but not below it. + + + + +GAZETTEER + + +The specimens of birds reported herein were collected at the localities +shown on the accompanying map (Fig. 1). These localities are listed +below in alphabetical order according to states. + + + Campeche + + Champoton.--Lat. 19 deg. 21' N, long. 90 deg. 43' W, sea level to five + meters. A fishing village on the Gulf of Mexico. Collections were + made principally at our camp five kilometers south of the town. Low + deciduous forest, second growth, and _milpas_. + + Escarcega.--Lat. 18 deg. 37' N, long. 90 deg. 44' W, elevation 65 meters. A + village in southwestern Campeche. Field work was carried out + principally in the vicinity of an agricultural experiment station + seven and a half kilometers west of the town. Second growth and + moderately tall rainforest. + + Isla del Carmen.--Lat. 18 deg. 43' N, long. 91 deg. 41' W, sea level to two + meters. An island in the mouth of Laguna de Terminos. Collections + were made at our camp on the northeastern end of the island, about + one kilometer southwest of Puerto Real. Coconut plantations and + mangrove swamp. + + + Quintana Roo + + Felipe Carillo Puerto.--Lat. 19 deg. 35' N, long. 88 deg. 02' W, elevation + 30 meters. A village in east-central Quintana Roo. Field work was + centered at Rancho San Miguel, about four kilometers north-northeast + of the village. Mostly second growth rainforest with scattered + large patches of tall trees (to 30 meters). Several large _milpas_ + were present on the ranch some of which had been recently cleared. + Our camp was at a large aguada bordered on one side by an extensive + marsh with tall dense grass. + + Isla Cozumel.--Lat. 20 deg. 27' N, long. 86 deg. 26' W, sea level to 10 + meters. A large island, 15 kilometers east of the mainland. + Collections were made on the northwestern part of the island from + one to five kilometers north-northeast of the village of San Miguel + in low, dense deciduous forest. + + Isla Mujeres.--Lat. 21 deg. 12' N, long. 86 deg. 43' W, sea level to 30 + meters. A small, narrow island about eight kilometers from the + coast at the northeastern end of the peninsula. Field work was done + on the beach at the northern end of the island, in low deciduous + forest in the middle of the island, and in low deciduous forest and + cactus (_Opuntia_) association on a high rocky bluff on the + southern end of the island. + +[Illustration: FIG. 1. A map of the Yucatan Peninsula of +Mexico showing localities referred to in the text.] + + Pueblo Nuevo X-can.--Lat. 21 deg. 52' N, long. 87 deg. 26' W, elevation 10 + meters. A village five kilometers east of X-can, Yucatan, in + rainforest with dense underbrush. Specimens were obtained from the + immediate vicinity of the village. + + Puerto Juarez.--Lat. 21 deg. 10' N, long. 86 deg. 49' W, sea level. A small + port on the Caribbean Coast with alternating sand beach and + limestone shore. Mangrove swamps extend a short distance inland at + various points. Specimens were collected in rainforestlike + vegetation at a small _cenote_, in low deciduous forest, and at our + camp along a large, cleared airstrip four kilometers west-southwest + of the village. + + + Yucatan + + Piste.--Lat. 20 deg. 42' N, long. 88 deg. 28' W, elevation 10 meters. A + village in dense, low deciduous forest with many nearby _milpas_. + Collections were made in a wide area in the vicinity of the + village, including nearby Chichen-Itza. + + Sisal.--Lat. 21 deg. 10' N, long. 90 deg. 00' W, sea level. A small village + on the north-western coast of the peninsula. Collections were made + on the beach, in the low scrub vegetation behind the beach, and in + the mangrove swamps and nearly-dry lagoons further inland, from + three to 13 kilometers west-southwest of the village. + + + + +ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES + + +Catalogue numbers in the following accounts are those of the Museum of +Natural History, The University of Kansas. With the exception of a +synoptic collection presented to the Departamento de la Fauna +Silvestre, Direccion General de Caza, Mexico, D.F., all of the +specimens mentioned are in the museum at the University of Kansas. + +Unless otherwise indicated, specimens taken were not molting. For birds +undergoing postnuptial or postjuvenal molt, the degree of advancement +of the molt is indicated by the numbers of primaries and rectrices that +are new or partly ensheathed. Information on the condition of the +testes refers to the left testis unless otherwise noted. + +Scientific and vernacular names follow Friedmann _et al._ (1950) and +Miller _et al._ (1957) except for specimens of species or genera that +have been more thoroughly treated systematically since the publication +of the Mexican Checklist, for example, _Columbina_, _Centurus_ and +_Platypsaris_, by Johnston (1962), Selander and Giller (1963), and +Webster (1963), respectively. The trinomial is used whenever +subspecific identities could be made with a reasonable degree of +certainty. The specimens of several kinds were in extremely worn +plumage or in molt and meaningful judgments concerning such characters +as relative darkness or paleness of plumages could not be made. + +Specimens are listed in each account according to the temporal order in +which they were collected. + +_Bulbulcus ibis_ Linnaeus: Cattle Egret.--Our specimen is one of three +individuals seen feeding near cattle at Rancho San Miguel on August 13 +and 14. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40401, testis 6 x 2 mm., 289.5 gm. (August + 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Casmerodius albus_ (Linnaeus): American Egret.--We took one egret from +a flock of about 20 that flew low over our campsite on the morning of +July 12. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40402, ovary inactive, 10 x 5 mm., 607.5 + gm. (July 12), 5 km. S Champoton. Mallophaga: _Ciconiphilus + obscurus._ + +_Cochlearius cochlearius_ (Linnaeus): Boat-billed Heron.--Three +individuals were seen on a small point of land immediately south of the +village on the west coast of Isla Mujeres on the afternoon of August 1. +One was foraging in a small cove about one mile south of the village on +the morning of August 2. Paynter (1955a) did not list the species for +Isla Mujeres; our observations seem to constitute the first records for +the island. + +_Mycteria americana_ Linnaeus: Wood Ibis.--A flock of about 15 flew +over our camp 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto on August 14. + +_Sarcoramphus papa_ (Linnaeus): King Vulture.--Our specimen was one of +two individuals seen at a cenote. + + Specimen (1): [Male] 40403, testes inactive, 8 lbs. (July 29), 1 + km. N Pueblo Nuevo X-can. Mallophaga: _Colpocephalum megalops_. + +_Carthartes burrovianus_ Cassin: Yellow-headed Vulture.--We saw several +Yellow-headed Vultures on Isla del Carmen on July 6, 7, 8, and 9. _C. +burrovianus_ was more abundant than either _Carthartes aura_ or +_Coragyps atratus_ in the vicinity of Champoton, where we confirmed +field identifications by taking a specimen. Until Wetmore (1950) +clarified the status of _C. burrovianus_ in southern Mexico and Central +America, the species had gone unnoticed or misidentified as _C. aura_. +The Mexican Checklist (Friedmann, Griscom, and Moore, 1950) omitted _C. +burrovianus_ from the avifauna of Mexico. Blake (1953) included +Tabasco, Chiapas, and Veracruz within the range of the species, but +Paynter (1955a) omitted it from his list of birds of the Yucatan +Peninsula. Our specimen seemingly constitutes the first record from the +peninsula. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40404, testes inactive, 1-3/4 lb. (July 9), 2 + km. S Champoton. + +_Chondrohierax uncinatus uncinatus_ (Temminck): Hook-billed Kite.--A +pair was seen 5 km. S Champoton on July 8 and 9. Both birds were in +adult plumage and appeared to be mated, although we found no nest. The +male is referable to _C. u. uncinatus_ on the basis of the narrow white +ventral bands, most of which are 0.3 millimeter or less in width. None +of the bars exceeds 0.5 millimeter in width. Paynter (1955a) discussed +in detail the contradictions in the literature concerning the +geographic range of this subspecies, and referred a male in his +collection taken in February, 1952, to _C. u. aliquonis_. Traylor +(1941) collected a large series of this species in Yucatan and Campeche +in winter and allocated the specimens to the nominate form. + +At Piste, on July 23, a nestling approximately half-grown was brought +in by a local boy. The rectrices were partly ensheathed and the feather +count extensively downy. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40406, testis 9 x 5 mm., 215.0 gm. (July + 10), 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40405, nestling, 117.6 gm. (July + 24), Piste. + +_Buteo magnirostris gracilis_ (Ridgway): Roadside Hawk.--This was the +only hawk seen on Isla Cozumel. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40411, testis 5 mm., 207.3 gm. (August 10), + 4 km. N San Miguel; [Female], 40412, 242 gm. (August 10), 3-1/2 km. + N San Miguel. + +_Buteo magnirostris conspectus_ (Peters): Roadside Hawk.--This species +was the commonest hawk on the peninsula and was seen at all localities +except Isla Mujeres and Sisal. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40409 (July 12), and [Female], 40410, ova to + 1 mm., 249 gm. (July 16), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40413, 279 + gm. (July 17) 1 km. N, 13 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40407, testis 5 + x 2 mm., 254.7 gm. (July 23), Piste: [Female], 40408, ovary + inactive, 279.0 gm. (July 28), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Buteo brachyurus_ Vieillot: Short-tailed Hawk.--Our one specimen, a +male (40414) weighing 342 gm. and in white-bellied phase, was taken by +a native 6 km. W Escarcega on July 14. The testes were inactive. + +_Buteo nitidus plagiatus_ (Schlegel): Gray Hawk.--Our specimen is one +of two subadults sighted near a large milpas, on Rancho San Miguel. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40415, testis 5 x 3 mm., 364 gm. (August 15), + 4 km. NNE Felipe Carillo Puerto. Mallophaga: _Craspedorrhy_ sp. + +_Buteogallus anthracinus_ (Lichtenstein): Common Black Hawk.--Five +individuals were seen on August 23 along a stretch of five miles of +highway about 30 mi. SW Champoton, Campeche. The species was identified +from the description given in Blake (1953). The hawks were perched on +dead limbs in full view, 50 to 100 feet from the highway, which at this +locality parallels the beach, sometimes only a few yards from the +water. + +_Ortalis vetula intermedia_ Peters: Chachalaca.--Chachalacas were heard +or seen at all localities on the mainland except Sisal. + +Specimens (3): [Female], 40416, 423 gm. (July 13), [Female], 40417, 432 +gm. (July 15), and [Female], 40418, ovary 12 x 9 mm., 408.5 gm. (July +16), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega. Mallophaga: _Amyrisidea spicula_, July 16. + +_Colinus nigrogularis persiccus_ Van Tyne and Trautman: Black-throated +Quail.--These quail were abundant in the arid scrub west of Sisal. +Several coveys of half-grown chicks were seen and specimens taken were +in full breeding condition. On a two-mile walk on August 18, in the +coastal scrub about 5 km. W Sisal, a pair of quail was seen about every +100 paces. + + Specimens (4): [Female], 40422, ovum in oviduct 30 x 22 mm., 147.5 + gm. (August 10), [Female], 40420, ovum in oviduct 27 mm., 151.7 gm. + (August 18), [Male], 40421, testis 9 x 5 mm., 119.6 gm. (August + 18), and [Male], 40419, testis 11 x 6 mm., 145.7 gm. (August 18), + all from southwest of Sisal. + +_Laterallus ruber_ (Sclater and Salvin): Little Red Rail.--Two +specimens were taken about 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel, in +tall grass. One bird was shot when flushed; the other was caught in a +Museum Special mousetrap. I follow Brodkorb (1943) and Paynter (1955a) +who did not recognize subspecies in this species. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40424, ovary 9 x 3 mm., 41.5 gm. (August + 8), and [Male], 40423, testis 6 mm., 40.0 gm. (August 11), Isla + Cozumel. + +_Porphyrula nartinica_ (Linnaeus): Purple Gallinule.--A female was +taken in the tall grass where red rails were found on Isla Cozumel. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 4025, ovary 14 x 7 mm., 169 gm. (August + 10), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel. + +_Haematopus ostralegus_ Linnaeus: Oyster-catcher.--Two individuals were +seen along the beach about 6 km. W Sisal on August 10 and 11. + +_Charadrius alexandrinus tenuirostris_ (Lawrence): Snowy Plover.--This +was one of the commonest shorebirds on the beaches and mudflats west of +Sisal. Several immature birds were taken, along with a pair of +half-grown chicks, indicating the species was breeding, or recently had +bred, there. No previous record of this species breeding on the +peninsula has been found. + + Specimens (6): [Female], 40431, ovary inactive, 38.2 gm. (August + 7), 4 mi. S Sisal; [Male], 40426 testis minute, 35.4 gm. (August + 9), [Female], 40427, half-grown chick, 25.4 gm. (August 9), [Male], + 40428, half-grown chick, 21.2 gm. (August 9), [Female], 40430, + imm., 38.0 gm., little fat (August 10), [Female], 40429, ovary + inactive, 35.7 gm., little fat, molting--1st through 6th primaries + and middle pair of rectrices are new (August 10), all from 13 km. + WSW Sisal. Mallophaga: _Actornithophilus ochraceus_, August 9; + _Quadraceps assimilis major_, August 7. + +_Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia_ Ord: Wilson Plover.--A flock of about 11 +was seen on the beach north of the village on Isla Mujeres on August 1. +Two specimens were collected on the leeward side of the island about +three kilometers south of the village on August 2. The only evidence of +breeding was slightly enlarged testes in one male. Two individuals were +sighted on the east coast of the mainland at Puerto Juarez on August 4. +The species was common 3 to 13 km. west-southwest of Sisal; specimens +taken there may have been migrants. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40435, testis 3 x 1 mm., 59.0 gm. (August + 2), and [Female], 40436, ovary inactive, 49.3 gm. (August 2), Isla + Mujeres; [Female], 40434, ovary inactive, 53.6 gm. (August 7), + [Male], 40433, testis 1 mm., 54.5 gm. (August 9), and [Male], + 40432, imm., 53.7 gm., little fat (August 11), 3-13 km. WSW Sisal. + Mallophaga: _Quadraceps assimilis major_, August 2 and August 11. + +_Actitis macularia_ (Linnaeus): Spotted Sandpiper.--A total of six +individuals was seen on Isla Mujeres; each was alone. The species was +common at Sisal where it was often seen in small mixed flocks with +Snowy Plovers and Wilson Plovers. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40437, testis 2 x 1 mm., 33.8 gm. (August + 9), [Male], 40438, imm., 28.2 gm. (August 10), and sex? 40439, + imm., 31.0 gm. (August 10), 13 km. WSW Sisal. Mallophaga: + _Quadraceps ravus_; August 10. + +_Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus_ (Brewster): Willet.--A flock of +15 or 20 individuals was seen almost every day of our stay on the beach +8-13 km. WSW of Sisal. Measurements of two of the specimens are large +and they are clearly referable to _C. s. inornatus_. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40441, testis 3 mm., 242.3 gm., wing 205 + mm., tail 80 mm., tarsus 66 mm., culmen (from feathers) 60 mm. + (August 9), [Female], 40440, ovary inactive, 240.5 gm., wing 204 + mm., tail 77 mm., tarsus 69 mm., culmen (from feathers) 59 mm. + (August 11), and [Male], 40442, imm., 221.1 gm. (August 11) 8-13 + km. WSW Sisal. Mallophaga: _Austrominopon sachlebeni_, August 9; + _Quadraceps carrikeri_, August 11. + +_Arenaria interpres_ (Linnaeus): Turnstone.--Six individuals were +sighted on Isla Mujeres on August 1 and one individual was sighted 4 +km. W Sisal on August 11. + +_Crocethia alba_ (Pallas): Sanderling.--This species was relatively +common at Sisal where several flocks of 30 to 40 birds were seen. One +specimen (40444) shows an unusual pattern of molt; replacement of outer +primaries has preceded that of the inner. + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40445, testis 3 x 1 mm., 57.5 gm., heavy fat + (August 9), [Female], 40444, ovary granular 6 x 3 mm., 56.7 gm., + molting (August 11), [Male], 40443, 35.5 gm. (August 11), and + [Female], 40446, imm., 54.1 gm. (August 11), 6-1/2-13 km. WSW + Sisal. Mallophaga: _Lunaceps holophaeus actophilus_, August 11; + _Carduiceps zonarius_, August 11. + +_Ereunetes pusillus_ (Linnaeus): Semipalmated Sandpiper.--The only +individual seen was taken from a mixed flock of Sanderlings and Wilson +Plovers. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40447, testis minute, 24.4 gm. (August 11), 8 + km. WSW Sisal. + +_Himantopus mexicanus_ (Mueller): Black-necked Stilt.--A lone individual +was sighted on Isla Mujeres on August 2. A pair was on the mudflats +among mangroves at Sisal, of which the male was taken on August 7. +Although Paynter (1955a) indicated that this species probably breeds on +the peninsula, there are no definite breeding records. Our specimen had +only slightly enlarged testes, but its close association with a female +suggested that the pair may have been mated. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40448, testis 7 x 3 mm., 189.4 gm., little + fat (August 7), 5 mi. SW Sisal. + +_Larus atricilla_ Linnaeus: Laughing Gull.--This species was seen +regularly along the coasts of the peninsula. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40449, ovary 7 mm. (inactive), 253 gm. + (August 7), 4-3/10 mi. W Sisal. Mallophaga: _Quadraceps_ sp. + +_Sterna albifrons antillarum_ (Lesson): Least Tern.--A flock of about +20 individuals was seen on Isla Mujeres; two individuals were shot and +appear to be the first specimens from the island. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40451, ovary slightly enlarged, 49.0 gm. + (August 2); sex? 40450, 41.8 gm. (August 2), Isla Mujeres. + +_Thalasseus sandvicensis_ (Latham): Cabot Tern.--Lone individuals were +seen several times flying along the coast southwest of Sisal. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40452, 186 gm. (August 11), 13 km. WSW Sisal. + Mallophaga: _Saemundssonia brevicernis_. + +_Patagioenas flavirostris flavirostris_ (Wagler): Red-billed Pigeon.--This +species was seen at all stations except on the islands and in the arid +scrub at Sisal. It was especially abundant at Escarcega, Felipe +Carrillo Puerto, and Puerto Juarez. The male in breeding condition +suggests that the breeding season extends into the summer. + + Specimens (5): [Female], 40455, ovary inactive (July 13), [Female], + 40456, ovary inactive, (July 13), and [Male], 40457, testis 7 x 5 + mm. (July 15), 6-{7-1/2} km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40453, testis 15 + x 6 mm., 225.5 gm. (August 16), and [Female], 40454, ovary + inactive, 228 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + Mallophaga: _Columbicola_ sp., July 15. + +_Zenaida aurita yucatanensis_ Salvadori: Zenaida Dove.--This species +was common at Sisal. + + Specimens (3): [Female], 40459, imm., 136.5 gm., little fat (August + 11), 8 km. SW Sisal; [Female], 40399, 151.2 gm. (August 7), 1-1/2 + mi. S Sisal; [Female], 40400, 163.3 gm. (August 18), 2 km. WSW + Sisal. Mallophaga: _Columbicola macrouras_, August 7. + +_Zenaida asiatica_ Linnaeus: White-winged Dove.--Birds of this species +were ubiquitous in the scrub west of Sisal between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. +but inconspicuous at other times. Apparently the birds were from nests, +roosts, and watering sites in the taller forest inland. + +_Columbina passerina pallescens_ (Baird): Common Ground Dove.--This +species was common at almost all collecting localities, but was always +outnumbered by the Ruddy Ground Dove. The species was not seen in the +vicinity of Escarcega, probably because of the tall forest and lack of +clearings there. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40461, testis 10 x 5 mm., 40.9 gm. (August + 10), 2 km. WSW Sisal; [Male], 40460, testis 6 x 3 mm. (August 9), + and [Female], 40464, ova to 4 mm., 37 gm. (August 9), {3-1/2}-4 km. + N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel; [Female], 40463, imm., molting, 35.5 + gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Columbina talpacoti rufipennis_ (Bonaparte): Ruddy Ground Dove.--This +dove was common at all localities visited. All specimens were in +breeding condition. + + Specimens (9): [Female], 40472, ova to 3 mm., 45.4 gm. (July 8), + [Male], 40468, testis 10 x 5 mm., 50.0 gm (July 8), [Male], 40469, + testis 10 x 5 mm., 65.5 gm. (July 8), [Female], 40470, ova to 3 + mm., 51.6 gm. (July 8) and [Male], 40471, testis 9 x 5 mm., 57.5 + gm. (July 8), all from the vicinity of Puerto Real Isla del Carmen; + [Female], 40467, 57.7 gm., (July 10), 5 km. S Chapoton; [Male], + 40473, testis 8 x 5 mm., 53.0 gm. (July 17), 1 km. N, 13 km. W + Escarcega; [Female], 40465, ova to 21 mm., 51.8 gm. (July 28); + Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], 40466, testis 8 x 4 mm., 46.6 gm. + (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Claravis pretiosa_ (Ferrari-Perez): Blue Ground Dove.--This species +was seen only at Pueblo Nuevo X-can where a breeding pair was taken on +July 29; this record extends the known breeding season by one month +(see Paynter, 1955b). + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40475, testis 10 x 5 mm., 65.0 gm. (July + 29), and [Female], 40474, ova to 9 mm., 68.3 gm. (July 29), Pueblo + Nuevo X-can. + +_Leptotila verreauxi fulviventris_ Lawrence: White-fronted Dove.--My +only records of this species are the two specimens listed below. Both +birds had slightly enlarged ovaries and the one from west of Escarcega +was molting. Paynter (1955a) recorded breeding from late January to +late April. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40476, ova to 2 mm., molting--5th and 6th + primaries ensheathed (July 14), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Female], + 40477, ovary 12 x 5 mm., 162 gm. (August 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe + Carrillo Puerto. + +_Leptotila jamaicencis gaumeri_ (Lawrence): Caribbean Dove.--Two were +collected on Isla Cozumel and the several white-fronted doves seen on +Isla Mujeres probably were of this species. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40478, testis 9 x 5 mm., 175 gm., + molting--4th primaries ensheathed (August 9), and [Female], 40479, + imm., 116.7 gm., molting--2nd primaries ensheathed (August 10), + 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel. + +_Oreopeleia montana montana_ (Linnaeus): Ruddy Quail-dove.--My only +record is of a male, in full breeding condition, which extends the +known breeding period almost two months. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40480, testis 19 x 8 mm., 144.7 gm. (July + 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Artinga astec astec_ (Souance): Aztec Parakeet.--This species was most +common in deciduous forest and scrub at Champoton, Piste, Puerto +Juarez, and especially Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Parakeets were extremely +wary and only two were collected. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40481, testis 3 x 2 mm., 75.0 gm., + molting--extensive body molt, 8th primaries ensheathed, middle pair + of rectrices are new (August 16), and [Female], 40482, ovary + inactive, 72.4 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Amazona xantholora_ (Gray): Yellow-lored Parrot.--The species was +abundant in the vicinity of Champoton. Large flocks congregated near +camp; the birds began to assemble about an hour before dark. One was +shot from a flock that flew over our camp and another was taken at +night from its roost in a small tree about 10 feet above a trail. One +small flock of _Amazona_ was seen 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. All +specimens were molting. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40483, testis 5 x 2 mm., 229.1 gm., + molting--extensive body molt, 6th primaries ensheathed (July 9), + and [Female], 40484, ovary 13 x 9 mm. (inactive), 209.0 gm., + molting--extensive body molt, wing molt complete (July 11), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Male], 40485, testis 5 x 2 mm., 210.9 gm., + molting--extensive body molt, 7th primaries ensheathed (August 16), + 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Amazona albifrons nana_ Miller: White-fronted Parrot.--This species +was common west of Escarcega where large flocks were seen every +evening. A specimen of _A. albifrons_ was taken south of Champoton +where this species occurred in large flocks with _A. xantholora_. One +specimen was taken from a small flock near Chichen-Itza. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40487, testis 8 x 4 mm., 210.0 gm. (July + 10), 5 km. S. Champoton; [Female], 40488, ovary inactive, 205.5 + gm., molting (July 12), [Male], 40489, 232.5 gm., molting (July + 13), and [Female], 40490, ovary inactive, 206.1 gm. (July 14), + 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40486, ovary inactive, 176.0 gm. + (July 27), 2 km. E Chichen-Itza. + +_Coccyzus americanus americanus_ (Linnaeus): Yellow-billed Cuckoo.--A +female taken at Piste substantiates Paynter's (1955a) suggestion that +the species breeds on the peninsula. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40491, ovary 12 x 9 mm., 58.7 gm., + well-developed brood patch (July 22), Piste. + +_Coccyzus minor_ (Gmelin): Mangrove Cuckoo.--In view of the paucity of +recent records of this species from the mainland of the peninsula, it +is noteworthy that several individuals were seen flying to and from the +beach and mangroves late one evening about 4 km. W Sisal. + +_Piaya cayana thermophila_ Sclater: Squirrel Cuckoo.--This species was +seen at our camps near Champoton, Piste, Pueblo Nuevo X-can, and Puerto +Juarez. The slightly enlarged (probably regressing) testes of males +examined seem to be the only evidence of breeding activity in the +species on the peninsula. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40493, testis 8 x 6 mm., 99.6 gm. (July 14), + and [Female], 40494, 90.0 gm. (July 14), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; + [Male], 40492, testis 5 x 2 mm., 97.5 gm., molting (August 14), 4 + km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Crotophaga sulcirostris sulcirostris_ Swainson: Grove-billed +Ani.--Three half-grown juveniles were taken at Piste and a pair in +breeding condition was taken at Pueblo Nuevo X-can. These seem to be +the first breeding records from the peninsula. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40495, juv., 39.9 gm. (July 21), [Male], + 40496, juv., 39.5 gm. (July 21), and [Female], 40497, juv., 30.0 + gm. (July 21), Piste; [Male], 40498, testis 11 x 4 mm., 72.2 gm. + (July 28), and [Female], 40499, ova to 7 mm., 70.0 gm. (July 28), + Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Crotophaga ani_ Linnaeus: Smooth-billed Ani.--The female taken on Isla +Cozumel had a slightly enlarged ovary and had been banded (USFWS band +no. 524-96303) on the island in 1961 as an adult. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40500, ovary 11 x 7 mm., 86 gm., molting + (August 4), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel. + +_Glaucidium brasilianum ridgwayi_ Sharpe: Streaked Pygmy Owl.--A female +(40501) was taken by a local boy at Pueblo Nuevo X-can on July 29 +weighed 62 gm. and the ovary (7 x 3 mm.) was inactive. + +_Ciccaba virgata centralis_ Griscom: Squamulated Owl.--Our only +specimen, a female (40502) weighing 288.7 gm. and having an inactive +ovary (13 x 4 mm.), was taken at night on July 16 from a mist net +stretched across a small trail 1 km. N, 13 km. W Escarcega. + +_Nyctibius griseus mexicanus_ Nelson: Mexican Potoo.--One specimen was +taken at night 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega where it was found sitting on the +limb of a large dead tree. A light but steady rain was falling at the +time. On the night of August 16 along a stretch of newly-constructed +road 4-16 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 27 potoos were seen, their +large and brilliant, amber-colored eyes first appearing in the +headlights several hundred yards ahead of our vehicle. All of the birds +were perched between 30 and 60 feet above the ground on dead limbs of +large trees, and all were perched on the same side of the road facing +the light of a full moon. None was less than 200 meters from the next; +few flew at the approach of our vehicle. In addition to one specimen +taken along the road, another was taken from a fence post in a _milpa_ +on the same night. It was approached close enough to be shot with a 22 +caliber pistol loaded with dust-shot. All specimens had thick layers of +subcutaneous and visceral fat and their gonads were small and seemingly +inactive. + + Specimens (3): sex? 40505 (July 13) 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; + [Female], 40504, ovary 13 x 4 mm. (inactive), 265 gm. (August 16), + and [Male], 40503, testis 5 x 3 mm., 320.5 gm. (August 16) 4 km. + NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Chordeiles acutipennis micromeris_ Oberholser: Trilling Nighthawk.--This +species was common in the arid coastal scrub west of Sisal, where +hundreds could be seen flying every evening. They were common also at +Puerto Juarez, but uncommon at Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40506, testis 5 x 3 mm., 57.3 gm. (August + 1), 5 km. WSW Puerto Juarez; [Female], 40507, ovary 4 x 3 mm. + (inactive), 37.0 gm. (August 16), km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis_ Nelson: Parauque.--This species +was especially common in the vicinity of Felipe Carrillo Puerto and on +Isla Cozumel, and was seen at every collecting locality. A flightless, +juvenal female was obtained by local boys at Piste on July 21. +Therefore the reproduction period seems to be longer than Paynter's +(1955a:141) data suggested. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40512, testis 7 x 3 mm., 75 gm. (July 10), 5 + km. S Champoton; [Female], 40508, juv. (remiges and rectrices + ensheathed basally), 44.2 gm. (July 21), Piste; sex? 40510, 55.5 + gm. (August 8), and [Male], 40509, testis 3 x 1 mm., 73.5 gm., + molting--outermost two pairs of primaries ensheathed (August 10); + 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel; [Male], 40511, 72.9 gm. + (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Caprimulgus salvini badius_ (Bangs and Peck): Salvin's Whip-poor-will.--My +only record of this species is provided by a female (40513) taken 3-1/2 +km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel, on August 8. The specimen weighed 58 +grams, had an inactive ovary (6 x 4 mm.), and was molting (8th and 9th +primaries ensheathed). + +_Chateura vauxi gaumeri_ Lawrence: Vaux Swift.--This species was seen +at almost every locality visited. The only specimens obtained were +brought in by a boy at Pueblo Nuevo X-can on July 30; he said he +captured them in his house. Two of them were adults and four were +fully-feathered young-of-the-year. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40516, testis 4 x 2 mm., [Female], 40519, + ovary inactive, [Male], 40514, juv., 12.6 gm., [Male], 40515, juv., + [Female], 40517, juv., and [Female], 40518, juv. (July 30) Pueblo + Nuevo X-can. + +_Campylopterus curvipennis pampa_ (Lesson): Saber-wing.--A female +(40522), shot 7-1/2, km. W Escarcega on July 16, seems to provide the +first record of breeding (ovum 6 mm. in oviduct) by this species on the +peninsula. A non-breeding female (40521) that weighed 5.0 gms. was +taken 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto on August 14. + +_Chlorostilbon canivetii canivetii_ (Lesson): Canivet Emerald.--This +bird was seen at all localities at which we collected on the mainland. + + Specimens (4): [Female], 40530, ovary moderately active, 3.0 gm. + (July 22), [Male], 40525, 2.1 gm. (July 23), and sex? 40526, 2.9 + gm. (July 25), Piste; [Female], 40529, ovary inactive, 2.4 gm. + (July 26), 3-1/2 km. N Piste. + +_Chlorostilbon canivetii forificatus_ Ridgway: Canivet Emerald.--The +specimen is slightly larger than those taken on the mainland and is +clearly referable to _C. c. forificatus_, a subspecies endemic to Isla +Cozumel. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40534, ovary inactive, 2.8 gm. (August 8), + 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Amazilia candida candida_ (Bourcier and Mulsant): White-bellied +Emerald.--This species seemed to be the commonest hummingbird at most +localities on the mainland. However, it was not seen along the coasts. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40535, testis 3 mm., 2.9 gm. (July 12), and + [Male], 40536, testis 2 mm., 3.6 gm. (July 14), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Male], 40531, testis 2 mm., 4.3 gm. (July 28), [Male], + 40532, 3.8 gm. (July 28), and [Female], 40533, ovary inactive, 3.9 + gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Amazilia rutila_ (DeLattre): Cinnamomeous Hummingbird.--In addition to +the two localities from which specimens were taken, several individuals +were seen near the airstrip at Puerto Juarez. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40538, ovary inactive, 4.1 gm. (July 30), + 1-1/2 km. S, 1 km. E Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], 40539, testis 2 + mm. (August 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Amazilia yucatanensis_ (Cabot): Yucatan Hummingbird.--Many of these +hummingbirds were seen among the coco palms on Isla del Carmen. A +female taken on August 14 with a moderately enlarged ovary may indicate +that the breeding season extends well into the summer. + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40540, testis 2 mm., 4.7 gm. (July 7), + [Female], 40541, ovary inactive, 3.0 gm. (July 8), and [Male], + 40543, 3.0 gm. (July 8); 1 km. SW Puerto Real, Isla del Carmen; + [Female], 40542, ovary 6 x 2 mm. (ova to 1 mm.), 2.9 gm. (August + 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Trogon citreolus melanocephala_ Gould: Citreoline Trogon.--This +species was heard or seen at all localities where deciduous forest was +present. + + Specimens (7): [Female], 40557, ovary 14 x 8 mm. (ova to 2 mm.), + brood patch, 72.5 gm. (July 16), and [Male], 40558, 66.5 gm. (July + 16), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40553, 74.0 gm. (August 1), + [Female], 40552, 74 gm. (August 1), [Female], 40554, ova to 3 mm. + (August 2), and [Male], 40555, 76.2 gm. (August 2), 4 km. WSW + Puerto Juarez; [Female], 40556, 76.4 gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Chloroceryle americana septentrionalis_ (Sharpe): Green Kingfisher.--My +only specimen is a male (40559) shot near a large aguada at Rancho San +Miguel, 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto on August 16. The specimen +weighed 40.5 gm. + +_Ceryle torquata_ (Linnaeus): Ringed Kingfisher.--Paynter (1955a:154) +noted that this "species has not been recorded from Yucatan but it is +undoubtedly present, at least in the sheltered lagoon behind the +barrier bar." A single individual was seen in one of these lagoons on +August 9 and 10. + +_Eumomota superciliosa superciliosa_ (Sandbach): Turquoise-browed +Motmot.--On July 9 this species was nesting in a large "colony" 5 km. S +Champoton, Campeche, in a large abandoned gravel pit having vertical +banks about 10 feet high. The pit was an irregular semicircle with an +approximate radius of 100 yards and was bordered by a road on one side +and elsewhere by low scrub vegetation. The pit was one of several found +in the area and formerly was used as a source of limestone gravel used +in constructing the road between Champoton and Escarcega. The exposed +limestone substratum was overlaid with chalky soil six to eight feet +deep. + +Motmots were nesting in burrows dug in the layer of surface soil. A +total of 101 burrows seemed to be in use or to have been used in 1962. +Nine appeared to be unused and 24 burrows evidently were abandoned +before they were finished. The depths of 12 burrows selected at random +were 34, 32, 37, 25, 28, 44, 36, 36, 24, 37, 22, and 43 inches, and +averaged 33.4 inches. In cross-section the burrows varied from round +(three inches in diameter) to oval (three inches high and four inches +wide). The inner ends of the burrows were enlarged with a depression in +the floor, where the eggs were laid. + +The long axes of most burrows were straight and perpendicular to the +face of the bank in which they were dug; two burrows nevertheless were +curved laterally, and one was U-shaped, having two entrances that +opened about 12 inches apart. + +Eggs and nestlings were found lying on the bare soil at the inner ends +of the burrows; no nesting material was found. + +The contents of 10 burrows that were excavated are summarized in Table +1. Three nests contained no eggs or young. One of these was freshly +dug. The other two empty burrows apparently had been recently occupied +by nestlings and contained the foul smelling remains of fecal material, +hundreds of beetle wings, and other undigestible parts of insects. The +manure was teeming with large fly larvae. + + TABLE 1. Contents of 10 burrows of Turquoise-browed Motmots. + + Burrow Fresh Eggs Nestlings Post-fledgling + 1 * + 2 4 + 3 3 + 4 4 + 5 1 3 + 6 4 + 7 1 + 8 x + 9 * + 10 * + + * Nothing. + x Broken egg shells. + +Three burrows contained nestlings; one had four young with pin +feathers, one a chick fully feathered, and one three newly hatched +young and one egg. + +In burrow 2, three eggs had advanced embryos and one was infertile; in +burrow 3, the eggs had small embryos; and in burrow 4, the eggs +appeared fresh. Burrows 3 and 4 were occupied by adult birds that did +not flush during the excavation of their burrows. They were easily +caught by hand and later prepared as specimens. One was a male and the +other a female; each had a brood patch. + +Possibly females of this species raise more than one brood in a single +nesting season, but I have no direct evidence of this. Such an +hypothesis is suggested by the different stages of nestings found in +the burrows. Moreover, there were more than twice as many burrows as +motmots in the area. The largest number of individuals counted at any +time near the colony was 20 adults (about an hour after sunrise). +Assuming that all of these birds had mates, the maximum number of +adults present could have numbered about 40. + +There is another bit of evidence for double broods. Because of fouling +of the burrow that accompanies the raising of a brood of young, it +seems improbable that a burrow would be used immediately for a second +nesting attempt. Consequently digging a second burrow would be +necessary, if a second brood is raised. + +Most of my observations are in keeping with Skutch's detailed report +(1947) of the species in Central America. According to him, eggs are +laid in April and May in Honduras and Guatamala, although he did not +state that breeding does not occur in other months. The observations in +Campeche in early July suggest that breeding can occur over an extended +period; Paynter (1955a:158) found the species to be in various stages +of reproductive activity in April on the peninsula. + +Skutch suggested that the motmots he observed in Central America were +solitary nesters, and nest in "groups" only where suitable nesting +sites are scarce. In Campeche, many suitable, seemingly identical, but +unused, nesting sites were available within a few hundred yards of the +site of the actual nesting "colony." Moreover, most of the burrows were +only a few feet apart and no agonistic behavior was witnessed. It seems +that this motmot is characterized by colonial nesting habits in +Campeche, even where abundant sites for individual nesting efforts are +available. + +The species was abundant around the _cenotes_ at Chichen-Itza; adults +with enlarged gonads and brood patches and juveniles were taken at +Piste as late as July 21. + + Specimens (19): [Male], 40565, brood patch, 59.4 gm. (July 9), + [Male], 40564, testis 8 x 4 mm., brood patch, 68.0 gm. (July 9), + [Male], 40566, 74 gm. (July 9), [Female], 40567, juv. (July 9), + [Male], 40568, testis 5 x 3 mm., 68.3 gm. (July 10), [Male], 40578, + 59.5 gm. (July 11), and [Female], 40577, ova to 2 mm., brood patch, + 65.2 gm. (July 11), all from 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40560, 43.6 + gm. (July 20), [Female], 40562, brood patch, 55 gm. (July 21), sex? + 40561, 64 gm. (July 21), and [Female], 40563, juv. (July 22), + Piste. Eight nestlings (40569-76) that were taken from burrows at 5 + km. S Champoton on July 11 had the following weights: 42.4 gm., + 39.7 gm., 38.5 gm., 12.2 gm., 40.0 gm., 30.7 gm., 26.8 gm., 19.0 + gm. Mallophaga: _Philopterus_ sp., July 9. + +_Momotus momota lessonii_ Lesson: Blue-crowned Motmot.--For convenience, +the specimens from 5 km. S Champoton are assigned to _M. m. lessonii_ +on the basis of measurements (wing 139 mm., tail 240 mm., culmen [from +feathers] 41.0 mm.) taken on one specimen (40579), which are within the +limits of the subspecies as described by Ridgway (1914). Two other +specimens from that locality were prepared as skeletons and their +weights are essentially the same as those Paynter (1955a) recorded for +_M. m. lessonii_. According to Paynter, there is a southward clinal +increase in size in this species between the smaller _M. m. exiguus_ in +the northern part of the peninsula and _M. m. lessonii_ in the extreme +southern part. A more extensive series of specimens from the vicinity +of Champoton probably would reveal a population intermediate in size +between the typical representatives of the two races. + + Specimens (3): [Female], 40579, 105 gm. (July 10), [Female], 40581, + 98.9 gm. (July 11), [Male], 40580, 102.5 gm. (July 11), 5 km. S + Champoton. + +_Pteroglossus torquatus erythrozonus_ Ridgway: Collared Aracari.--A +male taken at Pueblo Nuevo X-can on July 27 and a female from 4 km. NNE +Felipe Carrillo Puerto on August 15 had slightly enlarged gonads, which +probably were regressing. Apparently these are the first indications of +breeding activity for this species on the peninsula. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40586, testis 4 x 2 mm., 155 gm. (July 16), + 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40582, testis 10 x 5 mm., 169.1 gm. + (July 27), and [Female], 40583, ovary inactive, 137.3 gm. (July + 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Female], 40584, ovary 10 x 6 mm., 169.5 + gm. (August 15), and sex? 40585, 148.9 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Rhamphastos sulfuratus sulfuratus_ Lesson: Keel-billed Toucan.--This +species was especially common west of Escarcega, where it was most +often seen in small flocks of less than 10 birds. Presumably breeding +had already occurred; four specimens had inactive gonads. + + Specimens (7): [Female], 40589, 367.3 gm. (July 12), [Male], 40588, + testis 8 x 3 mm., 414.5 gm. (July 14), [Female], 40590, ovary 11 + mm., 347.4 gm. (July 15), [Male], 40591, testis 5 x 3 mm., 371 gm. + (July 15), [Male], 40593, testis 6 x 3 mm., 422.2 gm. (July 16) and + [Male], 40592, 401.5 gm. (July 16), 6-7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; + [Female], 40587, 395.5 gm. (July 28), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Piculus rubiginosus yucatanensis_ (Cabot): Red-capped Green +Woodpecker.--Specimen (1): [Female], 40594, ovary inactive (7 x 4 mm.), +extensive body molt, 67.7 gm. (August 17), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo +Puerto. Mallophaga: _Penerirmus_ sp. + +_Drycopus lineatus similis_ (Lesson): Lineated Woodpecker.--Specimen +(1): [Male], 40595, molting, 141.2 gm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W +Escarcega. + +_Centurus aurifrons dubius_ (Cabot): Golden-fronted Woodpecker.--The +gonads were moderately enlarged in several of the specimens taken in +the first half of July. The plumage was much worn in all specimens and +some were in early stages of molt. Apparently the breeding season on +the peninsula extends to at least mid-July. The specimen from Isla +Cozumel is assigned to _C. a. dubius_, following the systematic +treatment by Selander and Giller (1963). + + Specimens (10): sex? 40602, 75.0 gm. (July 8), and [Female], 40601, + ovary 6 x 3 mm. (enlarged oviduct), 76.4 gm. (July 10), 1 km. S + Puerto Real, Isla del Carmen; [Male], 40599, testis 6 x 8 mm., + 101.3 gm. (July 10), and [Male], 40600, 86.0 gm. (July 11), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Male], 40603, testis 5 x 3 mm. (July 14), and [Female], + 40604, ovary 6 x 4 mm. (ova to 1 mm.), brood patch (July 16), 7-1/2 + km. W Escarcega; sex? 40596, molting, much visceral fat, 79.0 gm. + (July 22), Piste; [Female], 40597, 73.7 gm. (July 28), Pueblo Nuevo + X-can; [Female], 40598, 79.6 gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe + Carrillo Puerto; [Male], 40605, testis inactive, molting, much + visceral fat (August 8), 3.5 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Centurus pygmaeus_ (Peters): Yucatan Woodpecker.--Paynter (1955a:166) +reported evidence of breeding in this species on April 3 and May 23; a +male having enlarged testes was taken on July 10. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40608, testis 6 x 4 mm. (July 10); [Female], + 40607, 39.5 gm. (July 10), 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40609, testis + inactive, 35.8 gm., moderate visceral fat (July 17), 1 km. N, 13 + km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40606, ovary 6 x 4 mm. (inactive), 37.0 + gm. (August 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto; [Male], 40610, + testis inactive, heavy visceral and subcutaneous fat, 41.6 gm., + (August 10), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Phloeoceastes guatemalensis guatemalensis_ (Hartlaub): Guatemalan +Ivory-billed Woodpecker.--Specimens (4): [Male], 40611, right testis 2 +mm., left testis vestigial, 203.7 gm. (July 23), Piste; 40612, sex? 212 +gm., (July 28), and [Female], 40613, 218.1 gm. (July 30), Pueblo Nuevo +X-can; [Female], 40614, 189.2 gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe +Carrillo Puerto. + +_Dendrocincla anabatina_ (Sclater): Tawny-winged Woodhewer.--Specimen +(1): [Male], 40615, testis 2 x 1 mm., 35.7 gm., molting--5th primaries +and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed (July 17), 1 km. N, 13 km. W +Escarcega. + +_Dendrocincla homochroa homochroa_ (Sclater): Ruddy Woodhewer.--May 20 +seems to be the only previous date of record for breeding in this +species (Paynter, 1955a:171); our specimen extends the known season +nearly three months. + + Specimen (1): [Female], 40616, ovary 13 x 6 mm. (ova to 2 mm.), + brood patch, 35.1 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo + Puerto. + +_Sittasomus griseicapillus_ (Vieillot): Olivaceous Woodcreeper.-- +Specimens (2): [Male], 40617, juv., 11.2 gm. (July 26), Piste; +[Female], 40618, ovary inactive, 10.5 gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe +Carrillo Puerto. + +_Xiphorhynchus flavigaster_ (Swainson): Ivory-billed Woodcreeper.-- +According to Paynter (1955a:173), indications of breeding have been +observed in specimens of this species taken between March 27 and June +5. A male taken on August 15 had moderately enlarged (probably +regressing) testes and was well into the molt. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40619, testis 5 x 3 mm., 51.5 gm., + molting--5th primaries and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed + (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Lepidocolaptes souleyetii_ (Des Murs): Streak-headed Woodhewer.--This +appears to be the second specimen recorded from the peninsula (see +Traylor, 1941). + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40621, testis 3 x 1 mm., 26.6 gm., molting--6th + primaries ensheathed, middle pair of rectrices are new (July 17), 1 + km. N, 13 km. W Escarcega. + +_Synallaxis erythrothorax_ Sclater: Rufous-breasted Spinetail.--Specimen +(1): [Male], 40622, imm. skull, 16.1 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe +Carrillo Puerto. + +_Thamnophilus doliatus_ (Linnaeus): Barred Antshrike.--Specimen (1): +[Female], 40623, ovary 8 x 5 mm. (inactive), 26 gm. (August 14), 4 km. +NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Formicarius analis_ (d'Orbigny and Lafresnaye): Black-chinned +Antthrush.--Specimen (1): [Male], 40624, 56.0 gm. (July 29), Pueblo +Nuevo X-can. + +_Pachyramphus major itzensis_ Nelson: Mexican Becard.--Previous records +of breeding in this species are provided by a female obtained on July +12 (Paynter, 1955a:182) and a male taken on June 9 (Paynter, 1955b). + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40625, testis 9 x 5 mm., 22.1 gm. (July 21), + Piste. + +_Platypsaris aglaiae_ (Lafresnaye): Rose-throated Becard.--All +specimens have extensively worn plumage. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40628, 33.5 gm. (July 10), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Female], 40626, ovary 6 x 3 mm., brood patch, 34.0 gm. + (July 20), [Female], 40627, ovary inactive, 33.9 gm. (July 26); + 3-1/2 km. N and 6-1/2 km. W Piste. + +_Tityra semifasciata personata_ Jardine and Selby: Masked Tityra.-- +Previously, breeding information for this species has been available +only for March (Paynter, 1955a:184). Adults were observed feeding young +fledglings 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega on July 15, and a juvenile was taken. +Gonads of males were in full breeding condition. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40630, testis 13 x 6 mm., 81.3 gm. (July + 14), sex? 40631, juv., 55.5 gm. (July 15), [Male], 40632, testis 9 + x 5 mm., 73 gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed (July + 15), and [Female], 40633, 84.7 gm. (July 16), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Female], 40629, ova to 1 mm., 80.0 gm. (July 23), + Piste. + +_Erator inquisitor fraserii_ (Kaup): Black-capped Tityra.--Breeding has +been recorded by Paynter (1955a:185) on April 26. A moderately enlarged +testis (probably regressing) was noted in the specimen from Piste, on +July 21. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40635, 51.8 gm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Male], 40634, testis 6 mm., 51 gm., molting--6th + primaries ensheathed (July 21), Piste. + +_Pipra mentalis mentalis_ Sclater: Red-capped Manakin.--The specimens +here reported seem to be the first from the peninsula in which +reproductive activity has been recorded. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40637, testis 5 x 3 mm., 14.0 gm. (July 29), + Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], 40636, testis 5 x 2 mm., 14.6 gm. + (August 3), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez. + +_Pyrocephalus rubinus_ (Boddaert): Vermillion Flycatcher.--This species +was seen only in the arid scrub 2-13 km. WSW of Sisal. Breeding +seemingly had ended by early August, as evidenced by four adults that +showed no gonadal activity and were in advanced stages of molt. + + Specimens (5): [Female], 40638, juv., 12.1 gm. (August 7), 1-1/2 + mi. S Sisal; [Female], 40640, ovary inactive, 14.1 gm., + molting--6th primaries ensheathed (August 10), [Female], 40641, + ovary inactive, 13.9 gm., molting--7th primaries ensheathed (August + 10), and [Male], 40642, testis 2 mm., 14.6 gm., molting--5th + primaries ensheathed (August 10), 13 km. WSW Sisal; [Female], + 40639, testis 1 mm., 14.0 gm., molting--7th primaries ensheathed + (August 18), 2 km. SW Sisal. + +_Tyrannus melancholicus chloronotus_ Berlepsch: Tropical Kingbird.--Most +specimens were molting. A male and two females from Piste taken on July +21 and a female from Pueblo Nuevo X-can (July 29) had slightly enlarged +(probably regressing) gonads. Three immatures were collected and adults +were seen feeding young fledglings at Piste. There seems to be no other +breeding records from the peninsula. + + Specimens (10): [Female], 40650, 42 gm., (July 10), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Female], 40752, ovary inactive, 43.4 gm., molting--4th + primaries ensheathed (July 14), and [Male], 40651, imm., 42.5 gm. + (July 15), 6-7-1/2/# km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40645, ovary + slightly enlarged (8 x 3 mm.), 47.5 gm. (July 21), [Female], 40643, + ova to 1 mm., 39.3 gm. (July 21), [Male], 40644, testis 10 x 7 mm., + 43.1 gm., starting to molt--1st primaries ensheathed (July 21), and + [Female], 40646, imm., (July 26), Piste; [Female], 40648, ova to 1 + mm., 37.4 gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], 40647, imm., + 38.4 gm. (August 14), and [Female], 40649, 44.4 gm., molting--only + outer 3 pairs of rectrices present and are ensheathed basally, 6th + and 7th primaries ensheathed (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo + Puerto. + +_Myiodynastes luteiventris luteiventris_ Sclater: Sulfur-bellied +Flycatcher.--The latest breeding record given by Paynter (1955a:191) is +for the last week in June. A male taken on July 31 had enlarged testes. +None of the following specimens was in the process of molt. + + Specimens (4): [Female], 40655, 44.5 gm. (July 10), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Female], 40656, ovary slightly enlarged (8 x 4 mm.), + 47.0 gm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40654, testis + 10 x 4 mm., 39 gm. (July 31), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Megarhynchus pitangua mexicanus_ (Lafresnaye): Boat-billed Flycatcher.--I +know of no previous breeding record for this species on the peninsula. The +female obtained on July 25 was observed feeding young. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40658, 57.6 gm. (July 11), 5 km. S + Champoton; [Female], 40657, ovary 10 x 5 mm., 59.8 gm. (July 25), + Cenote Seco, 2 km. E Chichen-Itza. + +_Myiozetetes similis texensis_ (Giraud): Vermilion-crowned Flycatcher. +--Paynter (1955a:192) reported this species breeding in mid-May. A male +taken on July 17 west of Escarcega had enlarged (probably regressing) +testes and indicates breeding later than May. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40660, testis 6 x 3 mm., 32.0 gm. (July 17), + and sex? 40661, 33.8 gm., molting--5th primaries ensheathed (July + 17), 1 km. N, 13 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40659, imm., testis 2 x 1 + mm., 27.6 gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Pitangus sulphuratus guatimalensis_ (Lafresnaye): Great Kiskadee.-- +Apparently our specimens, which were in the late stages of breeding, +are the first evidence of reproduction for the species on the +peninsula. + + Specimens (4): [Female], 40663, ova to 1 mm., 50.7 gm. (July 9), + and [Male], 40664, right testis 12 mm., 65.0 gm., body feathers in + early stages of molt (July 9), 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40665, + testis 5 mm., 61.9 gm., molting--middle pair of rectrices are new, + 6th primaries ensheathed (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; sex? + 40662, 59.5 gm. (August 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + Mallophaga: _Philopterus_ sp. + +_Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi_ Baird: Wied Flycatcher.--This species +was especially common among the coco palms on Isla del Carmen and Isla +Cozumel. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40667, 36.7 gm. (July 8), [Male], 40668, + 36.6 gm. (July 8), sex? 40669, 39.4 gm. (July 8), and [Female], + 40670, 37.3 gm. (July 8), all from 1 km. SW Puerto Real, Isla del + Carmen; [Female], 40666, ovary inactive, 34.9 gm. (August 10), 3 + km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Myiarchus tuberculifer platyrhynchus_ Ridgway: Olivaceous Flycatcher. +--Breeding specimens of this species have been known previously from +April and May (Paynter, 1955a:196); records listed beyond extend the +season nearly three months. + + Specimens (7): [Female], 40673, ova to 5 mm. (July 10), and + [Female], 40674, ovary 7 x 3 mm. (ova to 1 mm.) (July 11), 5 km. SW + Champoton; [Female], 40745, ovary inactive, 17.5 gm., starting to + molt--1st, 2nd, and 3rd primaries ensheathed (July 16), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Female], 40671, imm., 16.1 gm. (July 20) Cenote Seco, 2 + km. E Chichen-Itza; [Male], 40746, 18.2 gm. (July 22), Piste; + [Female], 40672, ovary inactive, 17.7 gm., molting--5th and 6th + primaries and 1st secondaries ensheathed (August 15), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto; [Male], 40675, left testis 13 mm., right + testis 10 mm., 17.5 gm. (August 8), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla + Cozumel. + +_Contopus cinereus_ (Spix): Tropical Pewee.--The regressing gonads of +the male taken on July 21 in an early stage of molt suggests breeding +on the peninsula. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40676 testis 6 x 3 mm., 11.5 gm., starting + to molt--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed (July 21), 6-1/2 km. W + Piste; [Male], 40677, testis 1 mm., 12.6 mm., molting--4th, 5th, + and 6th primaries and 2nd secondaries ensheathed (August 14), 4 km. + NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Tolmomyias sulphurescens_ (Spix): Sulphury Flat-Billed Flycatcher.-- +Paynter (1955a:201) presented breeding records for this species from +mid-April to late June. My specimens seem to indicate that breeding +extends at least into July. + + Specimens (6): [Female], 40683, juv., 14.0 gm. (July 21), [Male], + 40684, juv. (remiges and rectrices ensheathed basally), 14.0 gm. + (July 21), and [Male], 40682, testis 8 x 4 mm., 13.7 gm. (July 26), + Piste and 3-1/2 km. N Piste; [Male], 40685, testis 7 x 4 mm., 15.3 + gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed (July 28), and + [Female], 40686, ovary inactive (July 28), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; + [Male], 40687, imm., 16.0 gm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe + Carrillo Puerto. Mallophaga: _Philopterus_ sp. July 28; _Myrsidea_ + sp. July 28. + +_Myiopagis veridicata_ (Vieillot): Yellow-crowned Elaenia.--The only +previous breeding record is of a male that was taken on April 29. My +only specimen has nearly fully enlarged testes. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40688, testis 7 x 4 mm., 13.1 gm. (July 17), + 1 km. N, 13 km. W Escarcega. + +_Progne subis subis_ (Linnaeus): Purple Martin.--A large migrant flock +of several thousand individuals of this species was present for several +days in August at Rancho San Miguel. + + Specimens (3): [Female], 40723, ovary inactive, 48.6 gm. (August + 14), [Female], 40724, 51.8 gm. (August 17), and [Female], 40725, + imm. skull, 52.1 gm. (August 17), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Petrochelidon fulva citata_ Van Tyne: Cave Swallow.--Throughout our +stay at Piste, large numbers of Cave Swallows were seen flying in and +out of the small opening of a well-like _cenote_ in the center of the +village. Specimens were easily collected in a mist net placed across +the opening. No young Cave Swallows were taken and gonads of adults +were in various stages of reproductive activity. A few individuals +taken were beginning to molt. Probably the swallows were nesting in the +_cenote_ although the nests were inaccessible to view. Previous +breeding records are for April (Paynter, 1955a:209). + + Twenty-two specimens were collected, of which the following were + taken at Piste, July 21-25: [Male], 40693, testis 6 x 3 mm., 18.4 + gm.; [Male], 40696, 16.4 gm.; [Female], 40697, 18.2 gm.; [Male], + 40695, 15.0 gm.; [Female], 40690, ovary inactive, 18.4 gm., + molting--2nd primaries ensheathed; [Male], 40692, testis 5 x 3 mm., + 17.9 gm.; [Female], 40698, 18.3 gm.; [Female], 40702, ovary 7 x 3 + mm., 18.9 gm.; [Female], 40703, ovary 6 x 3 mm., 17.5 gm.; [Male], + 40713, testis 3 mm., 18.4 gm.; [Female], 40704, 16.5 gm.; [Male], + 40705, 20.3 gm.; [Male], 40699, testis 2 mm., 18.6 gm., + molting--2nd primaries ensheathed; [Female], 40700, ovary 5 x 3 + mm., 18.5 gm., molting--1st primaries ensheathed; [Female], 40701, + ovary 5 x 3 mm., 16.5 gm., molting--1st primaries ensheathed; + [Male], 40707, testis 7 x 5 mm., 19.9; [Male], 40708, testis 4 x 3 + mm., 18.4 gm.; [Female], 40709, ovary 4 x 3 mm., 18.0 gm.; sex? + 40711, 18.3 gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed. + + Additional specimens are: [Female], 40718, 16.5 gm., molting--3rd + primaries ensheathed (August 16), and [Female], 40719, 18.5 gm., + molting 1st primaries ensheathed (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe + Carrillo Puerto; [Male], 40689, testis 1 mm., 16.2 gm., + molting--2nd primaries ensheathed (August 10), 13 km. WSW Sisal. + Mallophaga: _Philopterus excisus_, July 21; _Myrsidea_ sp. July 21 + and 25. + +_Stelgidopteryx ruficollis_ Audubon: Rough-winged Swallow.--Previous +records indicate that three subspecies of this species occur on the +Yucatan Peninsula (Paynter, 1955a:209). One of these, _S. r. ridgwayi_, +is resident. _S. r. serripennis_, representing the breeding population +occurring from British Columbia and New Hampshire over much of the +United States to central California, central Texas, and the Gulf +states, has been taken on the peninsula in winter. Paynter referred two +specimens taken in late September and three January-taken specimens to +_S. r. stuarti_, the highland race that breeds from the mountains of +southern Veracruz to Guatamala. + +Allan R. Phillips had identified two immature individuals (40694 and +40712) from Piste as _S. r. stuarti_; one specimen from Puerto Juarez +also is an immature and is nearly identical to those from Piste. Two +adults from Piste (40691 and 40710) are noticeably darker dorsally than +the immatures but are molting extensively and their identification to +subspecies is equivocal. Two other adults (40706 and 40715) were +prepared as skeletons. + +Although mid-July seems early for _S. r. stuarti_ to be present on the +peninsula it is not too surprising since the three specimens positively +identified are immature birds and young possibly arrive earlier than do +adults. But, the immature specimens possibly are atypical individuals +of the resident population of _S. r. ridgwayi_. + +Except for the immature individual from 5 km. WSW Puerto Juarez, all +specimens were taken in mist nets over the _cenote_ at Piste where +_Petrochelidon fulva_ also was obtained. + + Specimens (7): [Male], 40694, imm., 16.2 gm., [Female], 40691, + ovary inactive, 16.4 gm., molting--general body molt, 5th primaries + and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed, [Female], 40712, imm., + 14.5 gm., [Female], 40706, 14.8 gm., [Male], 40715, 16.4 gm., + [Male], 40710, 18.5 gm., molting--general body molt, 1st primaries + and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed, all from Piste, July 21 + and 25; [Male], 40720, imm., 15.5 gm. (August 1), 5 km. WSW Puerto + Juarez. + +_Hirundo rustica erythrogaster_ Boddaert: Barn Swallow.--Specimen (1): +[Female], 40721, imm., 7.3 gm. (August 18), apparently an early +migrant, 2 km. WSW Sisal. + +_Iridoprocne albilinea_ (Lawrence): Mangrove Swallow.--Specimen (1): +[Female], 40722, imm. (July 7), Puerto Real, Isla del Carmen. + +_Cissilopha yucatanica_ (Dubois): Yucatan Jay.--Heretofore, breeding +activity has been recorded only in March (Paynter, 1955a:217). All +specimens in my collection have extensively worn plumage and were +beginning to molt. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40726, left testis 9 x 7 mm., right testis 4 + x 2 mm., brood patch, 122.3 gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries + ensheathed (July 10), 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40727, testis 5 x + 3 mm., brood patch, 125.6 gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries + ensheathed (July 11), 5 km. SW Champoton; [Female], 40728, 109.8 + gm. (July 13), and sex? 40729, 109.5 gm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Female], 40730, imm., 110.3 gm. (July 21), Piste; + [Female], 40731, ovary inactive, brood patch refeathering, 121 gm., + molting--2nd and 3rd primaries ensheathed (August 16), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Cyanocorax yncas maya_ (van Rossem): Green Jay.--There are records of +breeding by this species on the peninsula for April 28 and 29, and June +4 (Paynter, 1955a:215, 216). + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40740, testis 5 x 3 mm., 81.2 gm. (July 16), + 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40739, juv., 62.3 gm. (July 21), + [Male], 40737, 64.5 gm. (July 21), and [Female], 40738, 64.1 gm. + (July 21), Piste. + +_Psilorhinus morio_ (Wagler): Brown Jay.--Specimens (3): [Female], +40742, 203.5 gm. (July 13), [Male], 40743, juv., 170 gm. (July 14), +7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40741, juv., 193.7 gm. (August 14), 4 +km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Thryothorus lucovicianus albinucha_ (Cabot): Carolina Wren.--This wren +formerly was considered to be a species (_T. albinucha_). In the light +of evidence presented by Lowery and Berrett (1963), it is advisable to +follow Paynter (1955a:219) and consider _albinucha_ to be a subspecies +of _T. ludovicianus_. The only previous evidence of breeding by this +species on the peninsula was a male having slightly enlarged gonads +taken by Paynter (1955a:219) on March 9. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40754, juv., 16.8 gm. (August 14), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Thryothorus maculipectus canobrunneus_ (Ridgway): Spotted-breasted +Wren.--According to Paynter (1955a:220) this species breeds from +mid-March to May 23. Gonads were moderately active in our specimens as +early as mid-July. + + Specimens (4): [Female], 40758, ovary (6 x 3 mm.) granular (July + 14), and [Male], 40757, testis 5 x 3 mm., 15.3 gm. (July 14), 7-1/2 + km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40755, ovary 6 x 3 mm. (ova to 1 mm.), + 12.7 gm. (July 21), Piste; [Male], 40756, ovary 4 x 3 mm., 16.8 gm. + (August 3), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez. + +_Troglodytes musculus_ (Naumann): Southern House Wren.--Specimen (1): +[Female], 40760, juv. (August 2), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez. + +_Troglodytes beani_ (Ridgway): Cozumel Wren.--Specimens (2): [Female], +40761, 13.3 gm. (August 9), and [Male], 40762, imm., 13.6 gm. (August +9), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Campylorhynchus yucatanicus_ (Hellmayr): Yucatan Wren.--This species +was abundant in the coastal scrub west of Sisal where some breeding +activity was noted. A few individuals were carrying nest material and +several were feeding young. There were many old and abandoned nests and +apparently the breeding season was nearly over. The only previous +breeding record is for March 19 when a newly completed nest was found +(Paynter, 1955a:218). + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40750, imm., 32.4 gm. (August 7), 1-1/2 mi. + SW Sisal; [Female], 40751, imm., 31.2 gm. (August 18), 2 km. WSW + Sisal; [Female], 40752, ovary 7 x 3 mm., 40 gm. (August 9), 4.3 km. + WSW Sisal; [Female], 40753, 31.0 gm. (August 11), 6-1/2 km. WSW + Sisal. + +_Melanoptila glabrirostris cozumelana_ (Paynter): Black Catbird.-- +Apparently the only previous record of breeding by this species was +Paynter's (1955b) mention of a male from Quintana Roo with enlarged +gonads on June 26. The three adults in the collection here reported on +were in nearly full reproductive activity. + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40764, imm., 40.5 gm. (August 8), [Female], + 40767, testis 8 x 4 mm., 42.0 gm., heavy fat (August 8), [Female], + 40765, ovary active (oviduct enlarged), brood patch, 35.2 gm. + (August 10), and [Male], 40766, testis 9 x 6 mm., 35 gm. (August + 10), from 2-1/2-3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Mimus gilvus_ (Vieillot): Tropical Mockingbird.--The only breeding +record heretofore is by Paynter (1955a:226) of newly-fledged juveniles +taken on May 26 and 29. Gonads in our adults were moderately active; +feathers were extremely worn, but molting was not evident. + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40771, testis 9 x 6 mm., 51.0 gm. (July 9), + 5 km. S Champoton; [Female], 40770, ovary moderately active (ova to + 2 mm.), brood patch, 42 gm., moderate fat (August 9), 3-1/2 km. N + San Miguel, Isla Cozumel; [Female], 40768, imm., 45.2 gm., moderate + fat (August 18), 2 km. WSW Sisal; [Male], 40769, testis 10 x 5 mm., + 51.8 gm. (August 9), 13 km. WSW Sisal. Mallophaga: _Myrsidea_ sp., + July 9. + +_Toxostoma guttatum_ (Ridgway): Cozumel Thrasher.--Our specimen had +enlarged testes and seems to represent the first record of breeding +activity in the species. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40772, testis 7 x 4 mm., 49.5 gm. (August + 10), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Turdus grayi_ Bonaparte: Clay-colored Robin.--Four adults were in full +breeding condition. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40780, testis 13 x 8 mm., brood patch (July + 10), 5 km. S Champoton; [Female], 40781, ova to 8 mm., 79.6 gm. + (July 15), 5 km. SW Escarcega; [Female], 40776, 61.3 gm. (July 21), + Piste; [Female], 40777, imm., 63.4 gm. (July 20), 61/2 km. W Piste; + [Male], 40779, testis 14 x 8 mm., brood patch, 68.5 gm. (July 30), + and [Male], 40778, testis 13 x 11 mm., 71.5 gm. (July 28), Pueblo + Nuevo X-can. + +_Polioptila caerulea_ (Linnaeus): Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.--A fledgling +taken at Piste was barely flying with remiges and rectrices ensheathed +basally. Previous breeding records are for April 11 and 27 (Paynter, +1955a:231). A male taken on August 10 on Isla Cozumel had nearly +completed molting into winter plumage. + + Specimens (8): [Female], 40788, fledgling, 5.0 gm. (July 20), 6-1/2 + km. W Piste; [Male], 40787, testis 2 x 1 mm., 5.6 gm. (July 21), + [Male], 40785, juv., 5.8 gm. (July 22), and [Female], 40786, 5.6 + gm. (July 22), Piste; [Female], 40791, juv., 5.6 gm. (August 8), + [Male], 40790, juv., 5.8 gm. (August 8), [Female], 40789, 5.7 gm. + (August 9), and [Male], 40792, 5.3 gm., molting--7th primaries + ensheathed (August 10), from {2-1/2}-{3-1/2} km. N San Miguel, Isla + Cozumel. + +_Polioptila albiloris_ Lawrence: White-lored Gnatcatcher.--This species +was abundant in the arid scrub along the coast in the vicinity of +Sisal. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40783, testis 1 mm., 6.2 gm. (August 7), + 1-1/2 mi. S Sisal; [Male], 40784, testis 1 mm., 5.8 gm. starting to + molt--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed (August 10), 13 km. WSW + Sisal. + +_Ramphocaenus rufiventris_ (Bonaparte): Long-billed Gnatwren.--Specimen +(1): [Female], 40793, imm. skull, 9.8 gm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W +Escarcega. + +_Cyclarhis gujanensis insularis_ Ridgway: Rufous-browed Pepper-shrike. +--Specimen (1): [Male], 40794, testis 2 mm., 37.8 gm., molting--4th +primaries ensheathed (August 9), 4 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Vireo bairdii_ (Ridgway): Cozumel Vireo.--Specimens (4): [Female], +40795, ovary inactive, 12.7 (August 8), [Male], 40796, testis 2 mm., +12.6 gm., molting--3rd and 4th primaries ensheathed (August 10), +[Female], 40797, ovary inactive, 12.5 gm., molting--3rd primaries +ensheathed (August 10), and [Male], 47098, imm., 13.1 gm. (August 10), +from 2-1/2-3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Vireo pallens semiflavus_ (Salvin): Mangrove Vireo.--Paynter +(1955a:236) noted breeding by this species from April 7 through June. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40800, ova to 3 mm., oviduct enlarged + (July 8), Isla del Carmen; [Female], 40799, ovary inactive, 11.1 + gm., molting--4th primaries ensheathed (August 2), Isla Mujeres. + +_Vireo flavoviridus flavoviridus_ (Cassin): Yellow-green Vireo.--Paynter's +(1955a:238) data indicate breeding in this species from late May +through June; our records indicate that the species breeds at least +through July. + + Specimens (12): [Male], 40812, testis 10 x 4 mm., 17.1 gm., + molting--1st, 2nd, and 3rd primaries ensheathed (July 17), and + [Male], 40813, testis 7 x 4 mm., 18.2 gm. (July 17), 1 km. N, 13 + km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40803, ovary 9 x 5 mm., ova to 1 mm., + brood patch (July 21), [Male], 40805, testis 11 x 6 mm., 18.5 gm. + (July 21), [Male], 40804, 18 gm. (July 21), and [Female], 40802, + ovary slightly enlarged, molting--2nd and 3rd primaries ensheathed + (July 21), all from Piste; [Male], 40806, 17.5 gm., molting--1st + primaries ensheathed (July 21), 6-1/2 km. W Piste; [Female], 40808, + ovary 5 x 3 mm., 17.4 gm. (July 28), [Male], 40807, testis 5 x 3 + mm., 17.7 gm., molting--3rd and 4th primaries ensheathed (July 28), + [Male], 40809, testis 2 x 1 mm., 17.5 gm. (July 29), and [Male], + 40810, testis 3 x 2 mm., 18.7 gm., molting--1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th + primaries ensheathed (July 30), from Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], + 40811, testis 3 x 1 mm., 18.7 gm., molting--4th, 5th, and 6th + primaries and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed (August 14), 4 + km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. Mallophaga: _Philopterus_ sp. + July 21. + +_Vireo magister_ (Lawrence): Yucatan Vireo.--Breeding on the peninsula +has not been recorded previously. A male, beginning to molt, taken on +August 10 on Isla Cozumel had enlarged testes, which were apparently +regressing. + + Specimens (3): [Female], 40814, ovary inactive, 17.7 gm. (August + 2), Isla Mujeres; sex? 40815, 19.5 gm. (August 9), and [Male], + 40816, testis 6 x 3 mm., 20.2 gm., molting--1st, 2nd, and 3rd + primaries ensheathed (August 10), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla + Cozumel. + +_Cyanerpes cyaneus carneipes_ (Sclater): Blue Honeycreeper.--Paynter +(1955a:283) collected specimens that were breeding in April. Testes +were fully enlarged in two August-taken specimens and courtship rituals +were observed in two pairs seen on August 3 at Puerto Juarez. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40817, 15.5 gm. (July 21), 6-1/2 km. W + Piste; [Male], 40818, testis 12 x 6 mm., 12.1 gm. (August 3), 4 km. + WSW Puerto Juarez; [Male], 40819, testis 8 x 6 mm., 11.6 gm. + (August 14), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Coereba flaveola caboti_ (Ridgway): Bananaquit.--Specimen (1): +[Female], 40820, ovary inactive, 5 x 3 mm., 11.0 gm., molting--1st and +2nd primaries ensheathed, 3rd and 4th primaries missing (August 10), +3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Dendroica petechia rufivertex_ (Ridgway): Yellow (Golden) Warbler. +--Specimens (5): [Female], 40831, ovary inactive, 8.0 gm. (August 8), +sex?, 40832, imm. (fresh, first winter plumage), 10 gm. (August 8), +[Female], 40830, ovary inactive, 10.0 gm., molting--4th and 5th +primaries ensheathed (August 9), [Female], 40833, ovary inactive, 8.5 +gm. (August 9), and [Female], 40834, ovary inactive, 7.8 gm. (August +10), all from 3-1/2-4 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Dendroica petechia bryanti_ (Ridgway): Yellow (Mangrove) Warbler.-- +Previous records of breeding by this species are available for March 29 +and 30 and May 16 (Paynter, 1955a:247). Breeding apparently continues +at least into July. An adult male with moderately enlarged testes +(probably regressing) was taken on July 7 at Zacatel, Campeche, and a +juvenile was obtained 13 km. WSW Sisal on August 10. The male at +Zacatal was in mangroves alongside the ferry landing (for the ferry +from Isla del Carmen) and seems to be the first specimen of this +subspecies recorded for the state. + + Specimens (7): [Male], 40829, testis 4 x 2 mm., 11.1 gm., + molting--1st, 2nd, and 3rd primaries ensheathed (July 7), Zacatal, + Campeche; [Male], 40823, imm., 10.0 gm. (August 9), [Male], 40824, + testis 1 mm., 13.0 gm., molting--4th and 5th primaries and middle + three rectrices ensheathed (August 9), [Male], 40826, juv., 10.1 + gm. (August 10), [Male], 40827, imm. (fresh, first winter plumage), + 10.2 gm. (August 10), sex?, 40825, 10.3 gm. (August 10), and + [Male], 40828, testis 2 mm., molting--7th, 8th, and 9th primaries, + 2nd, and 3rd secondaries and outer pair of rectrices ensheathed + (August 11), all from 13 km. WSW Sisal. + +_Seiurus motacilla_ (Vieillot): Louisiana Waterthrush.--Our specimen, +apparently an early migrant, was taken near the aguada at Rancho San +Miguel. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40835, testis minute, 19.9 gm. (August 14), 4 + km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Tangavius aeneus aeneus_ (Wagler): Red-eyed Cowbird.--A male having +enlarged testes taken on August 14 seems to be the first record of +breeding in the species for the peninsula. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40838, testis 11 x 7 mm., 66.9 gm. (August + 14), and [Female], 40839, ovary 6 mm., 60 gm. (August 15), 4 km. + NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Cassidix mexicanus_ (Gmelin): Boat-tailed Grackle.--Specimen (1): +[Male], 40840, 223.3 gm. (July 9), 1 km. SW Puerto Real, Isla del +Carmen. + +_Dives dives dives_ (Deppe): Sumichrast Blackbird.--This species +previously has been known to breed in May (Paynter, 1955a:263). The +specimens from July had moderately active ovaries. + + Specimens (2): [Female], 40842, ovary 8 x 4 mm., 92 gm. (July 11), + 5 km. SW Champoton; [Female], 40841, ovary 11 x 5 mm., 88.6 gm. + (July 21), Piste. + +_Icterus prosthemelas_ (Strickland): Black-cowled Oriole.--Specimens +(2): [Female], 40843, ovary 5 x 3 mm., 28.8 gm., molting--extensive +body molt, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd primaries ensheathed (August 3), 4 km. WSW +Puerto Juarez; [Male], 40844, testis 2 x 1 mm., 31.0 gm., molting 1st, +2nd, 3rd, and 4th primaries ensheathed (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe +Carrillo Puerto. + +_Icterus mesomelas_ (Wagler): Yellow-tailed Oriole.--Our specimens +extend the known breeding season; previous records are for April and +May (Paynter, 1955a:265). + + Specimens (4): [Male], 40848, testis 11 x 5 mm. (July 14), 7-1/2 + km. W Escarcega; [Male], 40846, juv. (rectrices and remiges + ensheathed basally), 30.3 gm. (July 29), and [Male], 40847, testis + 12 mm., 38.0 gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Female], 40845, + ovary 6 x 3 mm., 32.5 gm. (August 4), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez. + +_Icterus auratus_ Bonaparte: Orange Oriole.--Paynter (1955a:266) +reported breeding specimens taken in April and May. Two males taken in +late July had fully enlarged testes. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40849, testis 10 x 6 mm., 32.5 gm. (July + 28), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; [Male], 40850, testis 11 x 7 mm., 33.0 gm. + (July 30), 1-1/2 km. S, 1 km. E Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Icterus gularis_ (Wagler): Black-throated Oriole.--Breeding in this +species was reported by Paynter (1955a:267) only for the month of +April. Breeding was apparently nearing an end in late July at Piste, +where several juveniles were taken. Adult males had moderately enlarged +testes. + + Specimens (8): [Male], 40858, testis 5 x 3 mm., 67.2 gm. (July 20), + 6-1/2 km. W Piste; [Male], 40853, 59.0 gm. (July 21), [Female], + 40851, imm., 49.9 gm. (July 21), [Male], 40852, 56.4 gm. (July 21), + [Female], 40855, imm., 49.9 gm. (July 22), [Female], 40856, ovary + inactive, 50.0 gm. (July 22), [Male], 40854, testis 6 x 4 mm., 63.8 + gm. (July 22), and [Male], 40857, juv. (all rectrices and remiges + ensheathed basally), 30.4 gm. (July 27), all from Piste. + +_Icterus cucullatus_ Nelson: Hooded Oriole.--This species has not +heretofore been recorded as breeding on Isla Cozumel; testes were +nearly fully enlarged but probably regressing in the only specimen +taken there. It had been banded (USF&WS no. 601-87003) on the island in +1961 as an adult. According to Paynter (1955a:269) there are no +breeding records for this species on the mainland later than April, +March 25 being the earliest date. The species was observed nesting on +Isla del Carmen and adult males taken there and 5 km. S Champoton in +early July were in full breeding condition. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40863, testis 11 x 7 mm., 26.3 gm. (July 8), + [Female], 40864, 31.4 gm. (July 8), and [Male], 40862, testis 11 x + 5 mm., 24.7 gm. (July 8), 1 km. SW Puerto Real, Isla del Carmen; + [Male], 40860, 26.5 gm. (July 9), and [Male], 40861, testis 10 x 5 + mm., 20.9 gm. (July 11); 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], 40859, testis 8 + x 5 mm., molting--7th primaries ensheathed, 27.0 gm. (August 8), + 3.5 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Tanagra affinis affinis_ Lesson: Lesson Euphonia.--Specimens (2): +[Female], 40866, 8.8 gm. (July 22), Piste; [Male], 40865, testis 3 x 2 +mm., 10.0 gm. (August 3), 4 km. WSW (Aeropuerto) Puerto Juarez. + +_Tanagra lauta lauta_ Bangs and Penard: Thick-billed +Euphonia.--According to Paynter (1955a:272), the only breeding record +previously available is that of a male having slightly enlarged testes +on February 12. Males taken on July 15 and on August 14 had fully +enlarged testes; the gonads of several other specimens were apparently +regressing, two specimens had begun to molt, and juveniles were molting +into first winter plumage. + + Specimens (9): [Male], 40874, testis 7 x 4 mm. (July 15), and + [Female], 40875, ova to 1 mm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; + [Male], 40869, testis 6 x 4 mm., 14.5 gm. (August 14), [Male], + 40870, testis 2 mm., 14.5 gm., molting--5th primaries ensheathed + (August 14), [Male], 40867, imm., 12.6 gm. (August 14), [Female], + 40868, imm., 14.4 gm. (August 14), [Male], 40871, testis 2 mm., + 14.4 gm., molting--2nd, 3rd, and 4th primaries ensheathed (August + 14), [Female], 40872, ovary granular, 7.8 gm. (August 14), and + [Female], 40873, ovary granular, 13.0 gm. (August 15), all taken 4 + km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Thraupis abbas_ (Deppe): Yellow-winged Tanager.--Paynter (1955a:273) +reported breeding in this species in late April and late June. Gonads +in our specimens were moderately active. + + Specimens (2): [Male], 40877, testis 6 x 4 mm., 43.0 gm., + molting--1st and 2nd primaries ensheathed (July 15), 1 km. N, 13 + km. W Escarcega; [Female] 40876, ovary 7 x 4 mm., (ova to 1 mm.), + 42.1 gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Spindalis zena benedicti_ Ridgway: Stripe-headed Tanager.--Two males +in advanced molt but with enlarged gonads were taken on August 9 and 10 +and seem to be the first records indicating breeding in this species on +Isla Cozumel. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40878, testis 9 x 7 mm., 32 gm., + molting--5th primaries and middle pair of rectrices ensheathed + (August 9), [Male], 40880, testis 5 x 3 mm., 30.0 gm., + molting--3rd, 4th, 5th primaries and middle two pairs of restrices + ensheathed (August 10), and [Female], 40879, ovary inactive, 28.1 + gm., molting--remiges are new; secondary coverts ensheathed (August + 10), 3-1/2 km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Piranga roseogularis_ (Cabot): Rose-throated Tanager.--Breeding has +been previously recorded from March 17 through May 11 (Paynter, +1955a:276). Our only specimen, a male in advanced molt, had enlarged +(regressing) testes. + + Specimen (1): [Male], 40881, testis 7 x 5 mm., 24.2 gm., + molting--4th and 5th primaries ensheathed (August 15), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Habia gutturalis_ (Sclater): Red-throated Ant-tanager.--The only +breeding records previously available for this species on the peninsula +are for May 18 (Paynter, 1955a:280) and June 25 (Paynter, 1955b). +Specimens taken between July 14 and August 2 were in full breeding +condition. A male (40882) and female (40883) taken 7-1/2 km. W +Escarcega were known to be mated. Plumages in all specimens are worn +and for that reason specimens were not identified to subspecies. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40882, testis 14 x 9 mm., 38.9 gm. (July + 14), [Female], 40883, ovary 5 x 5 mm., 29.0 gm. (July 14), and + [Male], 40887, testis 10 x 7 mm. (July 16), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; + [Male], 40885, juv. (rectrices and remiges ensheathed basally) + (July 28), and [Female], 40886, ovary moderately active, 30.5 gm., + molting--2nd primaries ensheathed (July 28), Pueblo Nuevo X-can; + [Male], 40884, testis 15 x 8 mm. (August 2), 4 km. WSW Puerto + Juarez. + +_Saltator atriceps_ (Lesson): Black-headed Saltator.--Previously, +breeding has been noted in this species in February, March, and April +(Paynter, 1955a:284). A male taken on July 16 was in full breeding +condition. + + Specimens (3): [Male], 40895, testis 15 x 9 mm., 80.4 gm. (July + 16), and [Female], 40896, 73.5 gm. (July 17), 7-1/2 km. W + Escarcega; [Male], 40894, 71.6 gm. (July 29), Pueblo Nuevo X-can. + +_Saltator coerulescens_ (Vieillot): Gray Saltator.--The only previous +breeding record for this species is for April 26. Our one specimen, No. +40897, a juvenal male barely able to fly, taken on July 21 at Piste, +weighed 43.8 grams. + +_Richmondena cardinalis_ (Linnaeus): Cardinal.--The only record of +breeding previously reported is of a male with enlarged testes taken on +June 4 (Paynter, 1955a:287). Adult males with enlarged testes were +obtained on July 11 and August 10, and three juveniles were taken +southwest of Sisal on August 10, 16, and 18. + + Specimens (7): [Male], 40903, testis 9 x 7 mm., 39.7 gm. (July 11), + and [Female], 40904, 34.0 gm. (July 11), 5 km. S Champoton; [Male], + 40898, testis 7 x 4 mm., 33.8 gm. (August 10), and [Female], 40899, + juv. (rectrices and remiges ensheathed basally), 32.8 gm. (August + 10), 13 km. WSW Sisal; [Male], 40900, fledgling, 18.4 gm. (August + 18), 2 km. WSW Sisal; [Female], 40901, ovary granular, 37.4 gm., + molting--1st primaries ensheathed (August 15), and [Male], 40902, + imm., 34.0 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Cyanocompsa parellina_ (Bonaparte): Blue Bunting.--Specimens (2): +[Male], 40906, imm. (July 15), and [Male], 40905, testis 10 x 7 mm., +15.2 mm. (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega. + +_Tiaris olivacea pusilla_ (Swainson): Yellow-faced Grassquit.--The only +records of breeding, thus far, are by Paynter (1955a:291) for March 12 +and June 14. A male (40907) taken 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto on +August 14 had fully enlarged testes (8 x 5 mm.). + +_Tiaris olivacea intermedia_ (Ridgway): Yellow-faced Grassquit.--Although +females taken on Isla Cozumel exhibited no reproductive activity, two +males had moderately enlarged testes. These seem to be the first +records of breeding in this subspecies, which is endemic to Isla +Cozumel. + + Specimens (5): [Male], 40908, testis 6 z 4 mm., 10.5 gm. (August + 8), [Female], 40912, ovary inactive, 9.5 gm. (August 8), [Female], + 40909, ovary inactive, 10.4 gm. (August 9), [Male], 40910, testis 5 + x 3 mm., 11.5 gm., molting--1st primaries ensheathed (August 9), + and [Male], 40911, 11.5 gm. (August 10), all from {2-1/2}-{3-1/2} + km. N San Miguel, Isla Cozumel. + +_Sporophila torquiola morelleti_ (Bonaparte): White-collared Seedeater. +--Breeding is known for this species in May and a male collected on +September 2 was in breeding condition (Paynter, 1955a:293). Our records +seem to be the first for the summer. Specimens taken in July and August +were breeding. + + Specimens (7): [Female], 40918, 9.2 gm. (July 8), 1 km. SW Puerto + Real, Isla del Carmen; [Male], 40919, testis 7 x 6 mm., 8.2 gm. + (July 15), 7-1/2 km. W Escarcega; [Female], 40913, ovary inactive, + 7.9 gm. (August 4), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez; [Male], 40914, testis + minute, 7.8 gm. (August 14), [Female], 40915, ova to 6 mm. (August + 15), [Female], 40917, ovary moderately active, 7.0 gm. (August 16), + and [Male], 40916, testis 7 x 5 mm., 7.6 gm. (August 16), 4 km. NNE + Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Volatinia jacarina splendens_ (Vieillot): Blue-black Grassquit.--The +only previous record of breeding is a male having slightly enlarged +testes taken on June 1 (Paynter, 1955a:293). Our specimens showed +various stages of reproductive activity when taken on July 10. + + Specimens (6): [Male], 40926, 8.9 gm. (July 10), and [Male], 40925, + testis 2 x 1 mm., 8.5 gm. (July 10), 1 km. S Puerto Real, Isla del + Carmen; [Male], 40924, testis 4 x 2 mm. (July 10), [Male], 40922, + testis 6 x 4 mm., 8.3 gm. (July 10), [Female], 40923, ova to 2 mm., + 10.3 gm. (July 10), and [Male], 40921, 8.2 gm. (July 10), 5 km. S + Champoton. + +_Arremonops rufivirgata verticalis_ Ridgway: Olive Sparrow.--Apparently +the only previous record of breeding was the laying female on June 14 +reported by Paynter (1955a: 294). Males collected in July and August +had enlarged testes; a juvenile, barely able to fly, was taken on +August 14. Two specimens were beginning to molt. + + Specimens (9): [Female], 40932, ova to 1 mm., 20.8 gm. (July 21), + and [Male], 40933, testis 8 x 6 mm., 21.2 gm. (July 21), Piste; + [Female], 40930, ovary moderately active, 23.2 gm. (July 26), and + [Male], 40931, imm., 22.7 gm. (July 26), 3-1/2 km. N Piste; [Male], + 40934, testis 6 x 4 mm., 24.5 gm., molting--1st and 2nd primaries + ensheathed (August 14), [Male], 40935, juv. (remiges and rectrices + ensheathed basally), 17.7 gm. (August 14), [Female], 40936, imm., + 25.0 gm (August 14), [Female], 40937, ovary granular, 22.6 gm., + molting--2nd primaries ensheathed (August 15), and [Male], 40938, + testis 7 x 5 mm. (August 15), 4 km. NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +_Arremonops chloronota chloronota_ (Salvin): Green-backed Sparrow.-- +Evidence presented by Monroe (1963) indicates that _A. chloronota_ and +_A. conirostris_ are not conspecific. Specimens collected in breeding +condition in July seem to be the first breeding records of this species +on the peninsula. + + Specimens (7): [Female], 40942, ova to 3 mm., 29.6 gm. (July 11), 5 + km. S Champoton; [Male], 40944, testis 10 x 6 mm., 27.0 gm. (July + 14), [Male], 40943, testis 5 x 3 mm., 23.1 gm. (July 14), and + [Male], 40945, testis 7 x 4 mm., 25.5 gm. (July 15), 5-{7-1/2} km. + W Escarcega; sex? 40939, 22.9 gm. (July 20), 6-1/2 km. W Piste; + [Male], 40940, imm., 21.5 gm. (August 4), 4 km. WSW Puerto Juarez; + [Female], 40941, 26.5 gm., extensive body molt, (August 15), 4 km. + NNE Felipe Carrillo Puerto. + +TABLE 2. An Alphabetical List of Species of Mallophaga Removed from +Birds Collected on the Yucatan Peninsula in 1962. + + ======================================================================== + | |KU Catalogue + MALLOPHAGA | Hosts |Nos. of + | |specimens + | | of hosts + ------------------------------------------------------------------------ + _Actornithophilus ochraceus_ |Snowy Plover |40426, 40431 + _Amyrisidea spicula_ |Chachalaca |Specimen not + | |preserved + _Austromenopon sachlebeni_ |Willet. |40441 + _Carduiceps zonarius_ |Sanderling |40443, 40444 + _Ciconiphilus obscurus_ |American Egret |40402 + _Colpocephalum foetens_ |Black Vulture |Specimen not + | |preserved + _Colpocephalum megalops_ |King Vulture |40403 + _Columbicola macrourae_ |Zenaida Dove |40399 + _Columbicola_ sp. |Red-billed Pigeon |40457 + _Craspedorrhy_ sp. |Gray Hawk |40415 + _Lunaceps holophaeus actophilus_ |Sanderling |40444 + _Myrsidea_ sp. |Tropical Mockingbird |40771 + _Myrsidea_ sp. |Cave Swallow |40690, 40704 + _Myrsidea_ sp. |Sulphury Flat-billed | + | Flycatcher |40685 + _Philopterus excisus_ |Cave Swallow |40697 + _Philopterus_ sp. |Sulphury Flat-billed | + | Flycatcher |40682, 40686 + _Philopterus_ sp. |Great Kiskadee |40664 + _Philopterus_ sp. |Turquoise-browed Motmot |Specimen not + | |preserved + _Philopterus_ sp. |Yellow-green Vireo |40804 + _Penerirmus_ sp. |Red-capped Green | + | Woodpecker |40594 + _Quadraceps assimilis major_ |Snowy Plover |40431 + _Quadraceps assimilis major_ |Wilson Plover |40432, 40436 + _Quadraceps carrikeri_ |Willet |40442 + _Quadraceps ravus_ |Spotted Sandpiper |40438 + _Quadraceps_ sp. |Laughing Gull |40449 + _Saemundssonia brevicornis_ |Cabot Tern |40452 + + + + +SUMMARY + + +Locality records are given for each of 136 species of birds represented +by 493 specimens and sight records are given for eight additional +species. + +The Yellow-headed Vulture is reported apparently for the first time +from the peninsula. The specimens of the Streak-headed Woodhewer and +the Louisiana Waterthrush are the second ones of each species taken on +the peninsula. The Purple Martin taken on August 14, the Barn Swallow +on August 18, and the Louisiana Waterthrush on August 14 represent +earliest known autumn dates for these transients. + +Evidence for breeding is given for 20 species for the first time and +extensions of the known breeding seasons are presented for 41 species. + +Fourteen genera, representing about 19 species, of Mallophaga are +reported for 20 different species of bird hosts. + +At Piste and Puerto Juarez, species of birds such as the Blue +Honeycreeper and the Red-capped Manakin, normally thought of as +characteristic of more humid areas, were found breeding in numbers near +_cenotes_. However, they were not seen to venture far into the +surrounding deciduous forest. The availability of suitable habitat +brought on by the rainy season and the regular occurrence of _cenotes_ +helps to explain the presence of such species far outside the Rain +Forest zone. + + + + +LITERATURE CITED + + +BLAKE, E. R. + +1953. Birds of Mexico a guide for field identification. Univ. of +Chicago Press, Chicago, xxix + 644 pp. + + +BRODKORB, P. + +1943. Birds from the gulf lowlands of southern Mexico. Misc. Publ., +Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan., 55:1-88, January 30. + + +FRIEDMANN, H., GRISCOM, L., and MOORE, R. T. + +1950. Distributional check-list of the birds of Mexico Part I. Pac. +Coast Avif., 29:1-202, June 30. + + +JOHNSTON, R. F. + +1962. The taxonomy of pigeons. Condor, 64:69-74, January 30. + + +LOWERY, G. H., JR. and BERRETT, D. G. + +1963. A new Carolina Wren (Aves: Troglodytidae) from southern Mexico. +Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana St. Univ., 24:1-3, December 20. + + +MILLER, A. H., FRIEDMANN, H., GRISCOM, L., +and MOORE, R. T. + +1957. Distributional check-list of the birds of Mexico Part II. Pac. +Coast Avif., 33:1-436, December 20. + + +MONROE, B. L., JR. + +1963. Notes on the avian genus _Arremonops_ with description of a new +subspecies from Honduras. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Louisiana St. +Univ., 28:1-12. + + +PAYNTER, R. A., JR. + +1955a. The ornithogeography of the Yucatan Peninsula. Bull. Peabody +Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:1-347. + +1955b. Additions to the ornithogeography of the Yucatan Peninsula. +Postilla, no. 22, 4 pp. (unpaged). + + +RIDGWAY, R. + +1914. Birds of North and Middle America: a descriptive catalogue ... +Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 50:xx+1-882, 35 pls., April 8. + + +SELANDER, R. K. and GILLER, D. R. + +1963. Species limits in the woodpecker genus _Centurus_ (Aves). Bull. +Amer. Mus. of Nat. Hist., 124:215-273. + + +SKUTCH, A. + +1947. Life history of the turquoise-browed motmot. Auk, 64:201-217, +April. + + +STORER, R. W. + +1961. Two collections of birds from Campeche, Mexico. Occas. Papers +Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 621:1-20, August 15. + + +TRAYLOR, M. A., JR. + +1941. Birds from the Yucatan Peninsula. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., +Zool. Ser., 24:195-225. + + +WEBSTER, J. D. + +1963. A revision of the rose-throated becard. Condor, 65:383-399, 3 +figs., 8 tables, September 27. + + +WETMORE, A. + +1950. The identity of the American vulture described as _Cathartes +burrovianus_ by Cassin. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci., 40:415-417. + + +_Transmitted July 11, 1967._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Summer Birds From the Yucatan Peninsula, by +Erwin E. 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