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Vol. 1 No. 11], by Bernardo Villa-R and E. Raymond Hall + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Subspeciation in Pocket Gophers of Kansas, [KU. Vol. 1 No. 11] + +Author: Bernardo Villa-R + E. Raymond Hall + +Release Date: July 7, 2011 [EBook #36653] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POCKET GOPHERS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Matthew Wheaton +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div> + +<p class="h3">Subspeciation in Pocket Gophers of Kansas</p> + +<p class="h5">By<br />BERNARDO VILLA-R. and E. RAYMOND HALL</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<p class="h4">University of Kansas Publications<br />Museum of Natural History</p> + +<p class="h5">Volume 1, No. 11. pp. 217-236<br />November 29, 1947</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<p class="h5">UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS<br />LAWRENCE<br />1947</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<p class="h6"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History</span> +<br />Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, H. H. Lane, and Edward H. Taylor +<br />Volume 1, No 11. pp. 217-236 +<br />Published November 29, 1947</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<p class="h6"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br />Lawrence, Kansas</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<p class="h6" style="margin : 0">PRINTED BY<br />FRED VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br />TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> 1947</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="margin : 0"> + <img border="0" src="images/decoration.png" width="87" height="29" alt="decoration" /> +</div> + +<p class="h6" style="margin : 0">21-8188</p> + +<p class="spacer"> </p> + +<h1 id="booktitle">Subspeciation in Pocket Gophers of Kansas</h1> + +<p class="h5">By</p> + +<p class="h5">BERNARDO VILLA-R. AND E. RAYMOND HALL</p> + +<p> <span class="pagenum">[219]</span> +Several full species of the genus <i>Geomys</i> have been recorded from +Kansas. The purpose of the study now reported upon was to determine +the present taxonomic status of these animals and the distribution +of each within the boundaries of Kansas. No pocket +gopher of any kind has been reported from the southeastern part of +the state; in all other parts <i>Geomys</i> is locally common.</p> + +<h2>HISTORY</h2> + +<p>The first published reference that we have found to pocket gophers +of Kansas is Prof. Spencer F. Baird's (1857:377, 380) mention +of two specimens from Fort Riley. One he identified as <i>Geomys +bursarius</i> (p. 377) and the other (p. 380) he doubtfully referred to +<i>Geomys breviceps</i>. Both specimens were obtained by Dr. W. A. +Hammond. J. A. Allen (1874:49) reported pocket gophers from +Kansas under the generic name "Geomys?". Professor M. V. B. +Knox (1875:21) published a list of Kansas mammals in which he +used the names <i>Geomys bursarius</i> Shaw and <i>Geomys breviceps</i> +Baird, the last one for the specimen taken by Dr. Hammond, at +Fort Riley. Baker (1889:57) employed the name <i>Geomys bursarius</i> +Rich. for the gopher "found along the hundredth meridian, between +N latitude 38° 30' and 39° 30'." He reported this animal as common +in western Kansas. Merriam (1895:129) recorded <i>G. bursarius</i> +and <i>G. lutescens</i> from Kansas. Allen (1895:265) recorded five +specimens of <i>Geomys lutescens</i> collected between September 16 and +October 13 at Long Island, Phillips County, Kansas, by W. W. +Granger. Since that time several papers, some of them dealing +mostly with habits of pocket gophers, have been published in which +reference is made to <i>Geomys</i> in Kansas. Hibbard (1933:240) recognized +three species: <i>G. bursarius</i>, <i>G. lutescens</i>, and <i>G. breviceps +llanensis</i>. In 1944 (74-75) he recorded <i>Cratogeomys</i> from Meade +County, on the basis of two skulls dug out of the ground, and he +recognized the same three full species of the genus <i>Geomys</i> that he +did in 1933, along with two additional subspecies.</p> + +<p>Specimens to the total number of 335 from Kansas have been +available for the present study of the five subspecies recognized. +The reason for arranging all of the named kinds as subspecies of a +single species is that intergradation has been found to occur between +<span class="pagenum">[220]</span> +every pair of kinds having contiguous geographic ranges. The +characters previously thought by some writers constantly to differentiate, +say, <i>Geomys lutescens</i> of western Kansas from <i>Geomys bursarius</i> +of eastern Kansas, prove not to do so; instead, in areas geographically +intermediate between the geographic ranges of the two +kinds, the pocket gophers are intermediate in morphological characters +and therefore are regarded as intergrades. Intergradation of +this kind here is accepted as the criterion of subspecies, and lack +of such intergradation as the criterion of species. Search for structural +characters, distinctive of the different kinds, additional to +those characters noted by other writers, has resulted in the finding +of a few such characters but they too are subject to intergradation. +Therefore the several kinds are arranged as subspecies of a single +species which takes the name <i>Geomys bursarius</i> because it is the +oldest available name. Detailed comment on specimens showing +intergradation are to be found in the accounts of <i>G. b. bursarius</i> +and <i>G. b. major</i>.</p> + +<h2>METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h2> + +<p>The series with the largest number of individuals from one restricted +locality was selected for initial study. These individuals +were segregated by sex, and specimens of each sex were arranged +from oldest to youngest. Each series was divided into age-groups, +and within a given age-group of one sex from one locality of what +was considered as one species, estimation was made of the amount +of individual variation. Thus, it was possible when comparing different +kinds of pocket gophers to use only one age class of one season +of one sex.</p> + +<p>Age was estimated to some extent by size of animal and nature +of its pelage. The immature pelage is grayer and the hair is more +crinkled than in adults. A more certain guide to age, however, is +furnished by the skull. With increasing age some sutures disappear, +the rostrum increases in length and the ridges marking the limits +of the temporal muscles come to fuse and eventually, in males, +form a high sagittal crest.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p>Cranial measurements were taken as follows:</p> + +<p>Basilar length.—From the anteriormost inferior border of the foramen magnum +to a line connecting the posteriormost margins of the alveoli of the first +upper incisors.</p> + +<p>Length of the nasals.—The greatest length of the nasals.</p> + +<p>Zygomatic breadth.—The greatest distance across the zygomatic arches.</p> + +<p>Mastoid breadth.—The greatest distance across the mastoids.</p> +<p> <span class="pagenum">[221]</span> +Breadth of rostrum.—Width, perpendicular to long axis of the skull.</p> + +<p>Interorbital constriction.—The least distance between the orbits.</p> + +<p>Maxillary tooth row.—The greatest length of the upper molariform tooth +row at the alveolar border.</p> + +<p>Extension of premaxillae posterior to nasals.—From the posteriormost border +of the nasals to the posterior end of the extension of a premaxilla.</p> + +<p>Depth of skull.—From the median suture of the frontals, on the dorsal +surface of the skull to the median suture of the palatines at the level of the +first molar (not premolar).</p> + +<p>Length of rostrum.—From the anterior border of the nasal to the maxilla +at the lateral end of the hamulus of the lacrimal.</p> + +<p>In the list of specimens examined, localities are arranged by counties from +west to east, beginning at the northwestern corner of the state; specimens in +each county are arranged from north to south. If several localities are in the +same latitude, the westernmost is listed first. Capitalized color terms are after +Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., +1912.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <img + border="0" + src="images/p005.jpg" + width="500" height="434" + alt="p005" + /> + +<p class="caption">Fig. 1. Map showing the geographic distribution of the five +subspecies of +the Missipi Valley pocket gopher, <i>Geomys bursarius</i>, in Kansas, with insert +showing range of the species.</p> + +</div> +<p><span class="pagenum">[222]</span></p> +<p>In connection with this study each of the authors acknowledges assistance +from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and one of us (Villa) +is grateful for assistance also to Drs. Isaac Ochoterena and Roberto Llamas +of the Biological Institute of Mexico. For the loan of specimens we are grateful +to Dr. William B. Davis, of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of +Texas; Dr. G. C. Rinker, of Hamilton, Kansas; and Mr. A. J. Kirn, of Somerset, +Texas. Unless otherwise indicated, specimens are in the University of +Kansas Museum of Natural History.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size: .8em"> + +<h4>ACCOUNTS OF SUBSPECIES</h4> + +<p><b>Geomys bursarius lutescens</b> Merriam</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius lutescens</i> Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 4:51, October +8, 1890; Scheffer, Technical Bull., U. S. Dept. Agric., 224:6, January, +1931.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens</i> Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:127-29, January 31, +1895; Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 19:175, 1905; Lantz, Kansas State +Agric. College Bull., 129:335, April, 1905; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. +Sci., 36:240, 1933; Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric., +35:182, 1937; Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna, 2:1, February 1, 1940; Allen, +Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Bull. Inf. in Educ., 20 (no. 5):15, +May, 1940; Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zoöl., Univ. Michigan, 420:3, +June 28, 1940.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens lutescens</i>, Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 47:74, +1944.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Type locality.</i>—Sandhills on Birdwood Creek, Lincoln County, western Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Kansas.</i>—Northwestern Kansas, eastward certainly to Ellis +County, southward certainly to Scott County.</p> + +<p><i>Description.</i>—Animals with total length averaging no more than 272 mm.; +length of vertebrae of tail averaging no more than 92; hind foot averaging no +more than 35. Color: In autumn pelage, upper parts Light Ochraceous-Buff +becoming Buckthorn Brown in middorsal region and there forming a faint +longitudinal band; sides Pale Yellow Orange. In summer, Buckthorn Brown +on upper parts with a dorsal band, especially distinct on specimens from Ellis +and Trego counties; specimens from farther west lack the distinct dorsal band. +Underparts Gray Drab and sometimes whitish, usually whitish in young specimens; +basal color of pelage Deep Neutral Gray; fore and hind feet whitish. +Skull: Zygomatic arch broadly and squarely spreading anteriorly; temporal +impressions uniting to form a low sagittal crest in adult males, but in adult +females and in young males the impressions usually remain apart; shape of +interparietal varying from subquadrate in young specimens to subtriangular +or triangular in adults; in some young specimens the interparietal is reduced +to a minute, ovoid bone.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—See comparisons in the accounts of other subspecies +occurring in Kansas.</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—In his monographic revision of the pocket gophers, +Merriam (1895:129) recorded 3 "typical or nearly typical" specimens +from Trego County, and 18 "non typical" specimens as follows: +Garden Plain, Sedgwick County, 4; Belle Plain, Sumner<span class="pagenum">[223]</span> +County, 5; Cairo, Pratt County, 6; Kiowa, Barber County, 2; and +Ellis, Ellis County, 1. A detailed discussion of Merriam's account +of the distribution of <i>Geomys lutescens</i> in Kansas is given by Swenk +(1940:11-12).</p> + +<p>Judging by specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of +Natural History, <i>G. bursarius lutescens</i> in Kansas is restricted to +the northwestern part of the state, reaching southward certainly to +Scott County and eastward certainly to Ellis County; precise limits +of distribution of this subspecies are unknown. Additional collecting +is necessary to determine where the range of <i>lutescens</i> meets the +ranges of the other subspecies. The specimens studied are remarkably +uniform. One specimen obtained in October, in Trego County, +is slightly lighter colored than any other from Kansas. In other +characteristics it agrees with specimens from northwestern Kansas +and from the type locality.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number 32, as follows: <i>Cheyenne County</i>: 23 mi. (by road) +NW St. Francis, 3. <i>Rawlins County</i>: 2 mi. NE Ludell, 10. <i>Logan County</i>: 5 mi. W Elkader, +3; no locality more precise than county, 1. <i>Trego County</i>: Wakeeney, 4; 12 mi. S +Collyer, Perrington Ranch, 3; no locality more precise than county, 5. <i>Scott County</i>: 4 mi. +S Scott City, 2. <i>Ellis County</i>: Hays State College Campus, Hays, 1.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size: .8em"> + +<h4>Geomys bursarius majusculus Swenk</h4> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius majusculus</i> Swenk, Missouri Valley Fauna, 1:6, December +5, 1939; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 47:74, 1944.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius</i>, Baird, Expls. and surveys for a railroad route from +the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, pt. 1, Mammals, 377, 1857; +Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:120, January, 1895; Lantz, Trans. Kansas +Acad. Sci., 19:175, 1905; Lantz, Kansas State Agric. College Bull., 129:335, +April, 1905; Scheffer, Kansas State Agric. College Ento. and Zoöl. Dept. +Bull., 172:199, September, 1910; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 36:240, +1933; Allen, Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Bull. Inf. Stud. +in Educ., 20 (no. 5):15, May, 1940.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius bursarius</i>, Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State +Board Agric., 35:181, 1937.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys breviceps</i>, Baird, Expls. and surveys for a railroad route from +the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, pt. 1, Mammals, 380, 1857.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Type locality.</i>—Lincoln, Lancaster County, Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Kansas.</i>—Northeastern Kansas, westward certainly to Clay +and Marion counties and southward certainly to Greenwood County.</p> + +<p><i>Description.</i>—Color: Upper parts Mummy Brown in fresh appearing pelage +of February but in more worn pelage of March more reddish being near (16') +Prout's Brown; top of head and sometimes back darker than rest of upper +parts; underparts usually with some whitish anteriorly; fore and hind feet +and approximately distal half of tail white. Size: Large, total length averaging +more than 280 mm. in males and 257 in females; hind foot averaging +35 mm. or more in males. Skull: Large; rostrum averaging more than twice +as long as wide; sagittal crest high in males and barely present in females; +occiput vertical when skull is laid top down; least width of braincase less than<span class="pagenum">[224]</span> +distance from alveolus of upper incisor to middle of lateral border of P<sup>4</sup> at +alveolar border.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>Geomys bursarius lutescens</i>, <i>majusculus</i> +differs as follows: Color darker, Mummy Brown to Prout's Brown +instead of Buckthorn Brown. In both sexes: head and body a fifth +to a sixth longer; hind foot 5 to 6 per cent longer; skull averaging +larger in all parts measured except that premaxillae (in each subspecies) +extend equally far posteriorly to nasals; diastema longer in +relation to basilar length; rostrum longer relative to its width; sagittal +crest higher; rostrum often more depressed distally; angle of +suture between maxilla and jugal more obtuse.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. b. bursarius</i>, according to Swenk (1939:6), <i>majusculus</i> +differs in larger size.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. b. illinoensis</i>, <i>majusculus</i>, according to Komarek and +Spencer (1931:405), differs in brownish instead of slate-gray coloration +and in two cranial characters as follows: Nasals straight-sided +instead of shaped like an hour-glass, and superficial canals on palatine +extending anteriorly beyond first molar, and from there anteriorly +more or less separated. The first of these characters does not +always hold; occasional individuals of <i>majusculus</i>, for example +some from Douglas County, have the nasals shaped like an hour-glass.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. breviceps dutcheri</i>, <i>majusculus</i> differs in larger size +(hind foot more than 33 mm. in males, and 29 in females; basilar +length more than 42 mm. in males and 36 in females); dorsal exposure +of jugal longer than width of rostrum measured between +ventral margins of infraorbital foramina.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. bursarius major</i> of southcentral Kansas (for example +Harvey County), <i>majusculus</i> differs in slightly darker color, being +Mummy Brown instead of Prout's Brown; size larger (in males +total length more than 284 mm., hind foot 35 or more, basilar length +of skull more than 42, and in females total length 265 or more, hind +foot averaging 33 or more, and basilar length 40 or more).</p> + +<p>Skull: Averaging larger in all parts measured, except that premaxillae +do not extend so far posteriorly to nasals in either males +or females; interorbital constriction slightly narrower in adult females; +temporal ridges forming a more prominent sagittal crest in +adult males (sagittal crest barely present in some adult males of +<i>major</i> from Harper County).</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—In employing the subspecific name <i>majusculus</i> we are +following Swenk (1939:6) who on the basis of larger size differentiated<span class="pagenum">[225]</span> +the animals from southeastern South Dakota, the eastern +parts of Nebraska and Kansas, and the western and southern parts +of Iowa, from <i>G. bursarius bursarius</i> to which he assigned a more +northern geographic range. In the absence of comparative materials +of the northern subspecies we cannot make an independent decision +on the validity of <i>majusculus</i> and recognize that if it is inseparable +from <i>G. b. bursarius</i> the latter name will apply to +specimens from northeastern Kansas. We are the more uncertain +about applying the name <i>majusculus</i> to specimens from eastern +Kansas because they average smaller than topotypes. Only at the +northeasternmost locality in Kansas (3 mi. N Cummings, Atchison +County) do specimens average as large as topotypes of <i>majusculus</i>. +Farther southward they become progressively smaller in eastern +Kansas, and we interpret this as intergradation with the still smaller +subspecies <i>major</i>, to the southwest. The average external measurements +of two adult males from Atchison County are: 321-99-35. +Thirty-six miles farther south, in Douglas County, 16 adult males +average 289-80-36. From Hamilton, Greenwood County, 80 miles +farther southwest, nine adult males average 284-83-35. The maximum +total length recorded at these three localities is: Atchison +County, 342 (1 of 2 specimens), Douglas County, 308 (1 of 16 +specimens), Greenwood County, 357 (in coll. of Dr. Glenn C. Rinker +and 1 of 15 males of all ages involved). It will be seen, therefore, +that although there is a trend to smaller average size toward the +southward, the maximum of 357 millimeters total length at Hamilton +exceeds the maximum of 352 millimeters recorded by Swenk +(1939:3) among 86 males at Lincoln where the recorded average is +largest.</p> + +<p>Four specimens from Salina (Debold Farm) are intermediate +structurally, as they are also geographically, between <i>G. b. majusculus</i> +on the one hand and <i>Geomys bursarius lutescens</i> and <i>Geomys +bursarius major</i> on the other hand. In color they agree with <i>majusculus</i>, +as they do also in width of nasals posteriorly, in more obtuse +angle of the rostrum and maxillary arm of the zygomatic arch. They +agree with <i>G. b. lutescens</i> in having the occiput inclined anterodorsally, +and are intermediate between <i>majusculus</i> and <i>lutescens</i>, but +nearer the latter in size of skull and in length of the rostrum relative +to its width.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 148, as follows: <i>Clay County</i>: 6 mi. SW Clay +Center, 3. <i>Jackson County</i>: 10-1/2 mi. WSW Holton, 1; no locality more precise than county, +1. <i>Atchison County</i>: 3 mi. N Cummings, 2. <i>Jefferson County</i>: Oskaloosa, 1. <i>Leavenworth +County</i>: Fort Leavenworth (Government Hill, 2; Engineer Hill, 1), 6; no locality more precise<span class="pagenum">[226]</span> +than county, 19. <i>Saline County</i>: Salina, Debold Farm, 4 (coll. of A. J. Kirn). <i>Morris +County</i>: 1-1/2 mi. N Council Grove, 3. <i>Douglas County</i>: 1 mi. NW Midland, 2; 1 mi. N +Lawrence, 1; 2-1/2 mi. W Lawrence, 2; 1 mi. W K. U. Campus, 2; 1 mi. W Lawrence, 2; 1/2 +mi. W Lawrence, 2; "W K. U. Campus," 2; K. U. Campus, 4; Lawrence, 23; South Lawrence, +1; 1/2 mi. SW K. U. Campus, 2; Southwest K. U. Campus, 1; Haskell Institute, 1; +4-1/2 mi. S Lawrence, 1; 7 mi. SW Lawrence, 6; 7-1/2 mi. SW Lawrence, 1; 8 mi. SW Lawrence, +1; 10 mi. S Lawrence, 1; 11 mi. SW Lawrence, 3; no locality more precise than +county, 15. <i>Marion County</i>: 1-1/2 mi. NE Lincolnville, 6; 4 mi. SE Lincolnville, 1; 6 mi. +S Lincolnville, 1. <i>Greenwood County</i>: Hamilton, 1; 1/2 mi. S Hamilton, 4; 1 mi. S Hamilton, +4; 4 mi. S and 14 mi. W Hamilton, 6; 8 mi. SW Toronto, 1; 8-1/2 mi. SW Toronto, 5; +no locality more precise than county, 6.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size: .8em"> + +<h4>Geomys bursarius jugossicularis Hooper</h4> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens jugossicularis</i> Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zoöl., Univ. +Michigan, no. 420: 1, June 28, 1940; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., +vol. 47, p. 75, 1944.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Type locality.</i>—Lamar, Prowers County, Colorado.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Kansas.</i>—Extreme southwestern part of state, northward certainly +to Hamilton County and south certainly to Morton and Seward counties.</p> + +<p><i>Description.</i>—A yellowish-cinnamon colored animal, with body of medium +size, zygomatic plate of maxilla deep and mastoid process small.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—Differs from <i>Geomys bursarius industrius</i> in +slightly lighter color; occiput not strongly inclined anterodorsally.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. b. lutescens</i>, <i>jugossicularis</i> differs in less buffy coloration +and deeper zygomatic plate of maxilla.</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—<i>G. bursarius jugossicularis</i> and <i>G. bursarius industrius</i> +intergrade in the southern part of Meade County. Some specimens +from this area show a coloration resembling that of <i>G. b. jugossicularis</i>; +nevertheless, one specimen from Morton County has the occiput +anterodorsally inclined as in <i>G. b. industrius</i>.</p> + +<p>Specimens examined from Hamilton County correspond closely to +<i>G. b. jugossicularis</i>; they agree with it both in color and in cranial +characters.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 20, distributed as follows: <i>Hamilton County</i>: 1 mi. +E Coolidge, Conard Farm, 4. <i>Morton County</i>: 12 mi. NE Elkhart, 2; Cimarron River, 12 +mi. N Elkhart, 4; no locality more precise than county, 6. <i>Seward County</i>: 1 mi. E +Arkalon, 4.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size: .8em"> + +<h4>Geomys bursarius industrius, new subspecies</h4> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens</i> Merriam, North Amer. Fauna, 8:127, January 31, 1895.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys breviceps llanensis</i>, Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 36:240, +1933; Black, 30th Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric., 35:181. 1937.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens jugossicularis</i> Hooper, Occas. Papers Mus. Zoöl., +Univ. Michigan, 420:1, June 28, 1940.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Type.</i>—Male, adult, skin and skull, no. 14083 Museum of Natural History, +University of Kansas; from 1-1/2 miles north of Fowler, Meade County, Kansas; +obtained December 30, 1941, by H. H. Hildebrand, original number 16.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Kansas.</i>—Southwestern Kansas from Meade County eastward<span class="pagenum">[227]</span> +certainly to Pratt and Clark counties; from Pawnee County southward +probably to the Oklahoma boundary.</p> + +<p><i>Diagnosis.</i>—Size of body medium; color of upper parts Cinnamon Brown; +skull with occiput strongly inclined anterodorsally in males.</p> + +<div class="figcenter"> + <img + border="0" + src="images/p011.jpg" + width="500" height="471" + alt="p011" + /> +</div> + +<p class="caption">Fig. 2 Three views of the skull of the type specimen of <i>Geomys bursarius industrius.</i> +<br /> +A. Lateral view; +<br /> +B. Dorsal view; +<br /> +C. Ventral view. +</p> + +<p><i>Description.</i>—Color: Upper parts Cinnamon Brown, slightly reddish, but +in some specimens collected in September, in Pawnee County, near (15´ <i>i</i>) +Ochraceous-Tawny; underparts usually Wood Brown, somewhat whitish anteriorly; +forefeet white; hind feet and approximately distal half of tail whitish. +Size: Medium (see measurements), total length averaging not more +than 271 mm. in males and 254 in females; hind foot averaging not more +than 35 mm. in males and less than 32 in females. Skull: In males, least +width of braincase equal to distance from alveolus of incisor to anterior border +of alveolus of first upper molar, occiput strongly inclined anterodorsally, temporal +impressions usually united in a low sagittal crest, zygomatic arch heavy +and curved at level of jugal bone. In adult females least width of braincase +approximately equal to distance from alveolus of incisor to anterior border +of alveolus of first upper molar (not premolar); occiput less inclined anterodorsally<span class="pagenum">[228]</span> +than in males; temporal ridges not forming a sagittal crest. In young +females the width of the braincase is more than the distance between the +alveoli of the incisor and first molar.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—<i>G. lutescens industrius</i> differs from <i>G. lutescens +lutescens</i> in: Color darker; least width of braincase not equal to +(usually more than) the distance from the alveolus of incisor to +the anterior border of the alveolus of the first upper molar.</p> + +<p><i>G. lutescens industrius</i> differs from <i>G. lutescens jugossicularis</i> in: +Color slightly darker, the former being Cinnamon Brown instead of +Vinaceous Cinnamon, with hairs basally Deep Neutral Gray in upper +parts and underparts. Skull: Jugular part of zygomatic arch +more curved (convex dorsally) and occiput far more inclined anterodorsally; +lower part of mastoidal ridge more prominent.</p> + +<p>For comparison with <i>G. l. major</i>, see account of that subspecies.</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Judging from the known specimens of this subspecies, +it has the smallest geographic range of any of the subspecies in +Kansas, but additional collecting in Hodgeman County and counties +to the north and west of it may extend the known range in those +directions; collecting in Comanche County and in adjoining parts +of Oklahoma may extend the known range to the southward.</p> + +<p>The anterodorsal inclination of the occiput in males is the one +cranial character in which <i>industrius</i> differs from all of the subspecies +with adjoining geographic ranges. The existence of this +unique (among adjoining subspecies) cranial character is the principal +reason for according subspecific status to this animal. Although +it has other characters which are fairly uniform over a +considerable geographic area, these other characters, namely, Cinnamon +Brown color of the upper parts and medium size of the body, +after all, are conditions intermediate between those in <i>jugossicularis</i> +to the west and those in the darker and larger animals assigned +to <i>major</i> to the eastward. Considering the intermediate geographic +position of <i>industrius</i>, the color and size are approximately what a +person would predict by study of only the animals to the west and +those to the east. Therefore, the color and size probably are indicative +of intergradation between <i>jugossicularis</i> and <i>major</i>. Still, +there is the anterodorsally inclined occiput in males—a character +of a unique sort—and this influences us to give subspecific status to +this animal with full recognition of the fact that it is a "weak" subspecies +as compared with any one of the adjoining subspecies.</p> + +<p>Hooper (1940:2) in naming as new <i>Geomys lutescens jugossicularis</i> +referred to his new subspecies a skin-only from Meade County<span class="pagenum">[229]</span> +State Park. Our more abundant material from there shows the +cranial conformation to be that of <i>industrius</i> to which we accordingly +assign the specimens. However, with only a skin available, +we, too, would have used the name <i>jugossicularis</i> because the color +is paler than in other specimens of <i>industrius</i> and this paleness indicates +intergradation between the two named subspecies. Specimens +from Pratt County are slightly darker than <i>industrius</i> thereby +indicating intergradation between <i>industrius</i> and <i>major</i>.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 58, distributed as follows: <i>Pawnee County</i>: Jct. +Pawnee and Arkansas rivers, Larned, 6; 1 mi. S and 1 mi. E Larned, 7. <i>Edwards County</i>: +1 mi. W and 3-1/2 mi. S Kinsley, 1. <i>Kiowa County</i>: Rezeau Ranch, 5 mi. N Belvidere, 2. +<i>Pratt County</i>: Pratt, 14; no locality more precise than county, 1. <i>Meade County</i>: 3-1/2 mi. +NE Fowler, 2; 2 mi. N Fowler, 2; 1-1/2 mi. N Fowler, 2; 1-1/4 mi. N and 3/4 mi. E Fowler, +2; 7 mi. N Meade, Cudahy Ash Pit, 2; 13 mi. SW Meade, 9; State Lake, 2; State Park, 4. +<i>Clark County</i>: 7 mi. SW Kingsdown, E. A. Stephenson Ranch, 1; 6 mi. S Kingsdown, 1.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size: .8em"> + +<h4>Geomys bursarius major Davis</h4> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens major</i> Davis, Texas Agric. Exp. St., Bull. no. 590:32, +August, 1940; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 47:75, 1944.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys lutescens</i> Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 8:129, January 31, 1895.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys breviceps llanensis</i>, Lantz, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 20 (pt. 2): +215, 1907; Hibbard, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 36:240, 1933; Black, 30th +Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board Agric., 35:182, 1937; Swenk, Missouri +Valley Fauna, 2:12, February 1, 1940.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Type locality.</i>—Eight miles west of Clarendon, Donley County, Texas.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Kansas.</i>—Southcentral Kansas, northward certainly to Ellsworth +County, westward certainly to Stafford and Barber counties and eastward +to Cowley County.</p> + +<p><i>Description.</i>—Color: Upper parts varying from Brussels Brown in some +specimens to nearly Prout's Brown, especially in specimens from central part +of state. Top of head, and sometimes back, darker than rest of upper parts, +but no well defined black stripe; underparts varying from whitish to nearly +Buffy Brown; fore and hind feet and approximately distal half of tail white. +Size: Large (see measurements). Skull: Sagittal crest absent in females and +barely present in males; least width of braincase more than distance from alveolus +of incisor to middle of lateral border of P<sup>4</sup> at alveolar border. Length +of auditory bulla (from anteroventral edge of paroccipital process of exoccipital +to hamulus of peterygoid), in each sex, more than 8 mm.; occiput usually +vertical when skull is laid top down; zygomatic arch broadly and squarely +spreading, divergent anteriorly; rostrum averaging less than twice as long as +wide.</p> + +</div> + +<p><i>Comparisons.</i>—From <i>G. bursarius lutescens</i>, <i>major</i> differs in color +darker, premaxillae extending slightly farther posteriorly; temporal +impressions usually forming a more well-marked sagittal crest in +males; ventral side of zygomatic arch, at level of jugal bone, more +curved.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. bursarius majusculus</i>, <i>major</i> differs in slightly lighter<span class="pagenum">[230]</span> +color, smaller size of body; in males, total length less than 284 mm.; +hind foot 34 or less; basilar length of skull less than 42; in females +total length less than 264, hind foot no more than 33, and basilar +length less than 39.</p> + +<p>From <i>G. bursarius industrius</i>, <i>major</i> differs in color, being Prout's +Brown, instead of Cinnamon Brown (less Fuscous); body averaging +10 per cent longer; total length in males from 9 to 9.7 per cent +longer, hind foot 9.7 per cent longer on the average; skull averaging +larger in all parts measured. Occiput less inclined anterodorsally; +top nearly flat, less arched than that of <i>G. b. industrius</i>; auditory +bulla averaging slightly larger and less inflated.</p> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Specimens of this subspecies from Norman, Cleveland +County, Oklahoma, and Canton, Dewey County, Oklahoma, and +most of those from Kansas, are more Fuscous than topotypes and +tend toward <i>G. bursarius majusculus</i>. Specimens from McPherson +County have a darker dorsal stripe resembling that of <i>G. bursarius +majusculus</i>. One adult from Little Salt Marsh, Stafford County, is +pale, closely resembling topotypes.</p> + +<p>Most of the cranial characters, nevertheless, are constant in all +available specimens, except that in specimens of each sex from the +type locality the basilar length averages 4 to 5 per cent shorter. In +the constancy of size of the relatively large auditory bullae and in +the nearly flat dorsal profile of the cranial part of the skull, the +specimens from Kansas agree with the specimens from the type +locality.</p> + +<p>Specimens from Harper County have the occiput slightly inclined +anterodorsally and thus are reminiscent of <i>industrius</i> which has an +even greater inclination of the occiput. Probably the appearance +in dilute fashion of this character in Harper County is properly to +be interpreted as intergradation with <i>industrius</i>. If so, the actual +intergradation may be to the northwest <i>via</i> Pratt County since +specimens from Barber County, immediately west of Harper and +lying between Harper County and the range of <i>industrius</i>, do not +have the occiput so inclined.</p> + +<p>Of a pair of adults from eight miles west of Rosalia, Butler +County, the female is indistinguishable in color from adults of <i>G. b. +industrius</i> from northern Meade County and from two specimens +from eleven miles west of Clarendon, Donley County, Texas, near +the type locality of <i>G. b. major</i>. The male from eight miles west of +Rosalia is darker as compared either with <i>G. b. industrius</i> or <i>G. b. +major</i> and the coloration of the upper parts resembles those in <i>G. b.</i><span class="pagenum">[231]</span> +<i>majusculus</i>; the underparts are only slightly paler than the upper +parts as in <i>majusculus</i>. Measurements of the skulls are intermediate +between the averages for <i>G. b. majusculus</i> and those for <i>G. b. +major</i>. These specimens from eight miles west of Rosalia are intermediate +structurally, and since they are intermediate geographically +between <i>G. b. majusculus</i> and <i>G. b. major</i>, they suggest intergradation +of the two subspecies. The specimens in question are referred +to <i>major</i> because the size is nearer that of <i>major</i>. It is +mainly the intermediate nature of these two specimens from Butler +County, and the intermediate nature of the specimens from McPherson +County, Kansas, that have caused us to treat <i>G. b. majusculus</i> +as only subspecifically distinct from the more western subspecies, +<i>major</i>.</p> + +<div + style="margin-left: 1em; + margin-right: 1em; + font-size : .8em;"> + +<p><i>Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 77, as follows: <i>Ellsworth County</i>: 2 mi. S Ellsworth, +1. <i>McPherson County</i>: Smoky Hill River, 1 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W Lindsborg, 5; 1/2 +mi. E McPherson, 1. <i>Stafford County</i>: Little Salt Marsh, 12; no locality more precise than +county, 3. <i>Reno County</i>: 8 mi. N and 1 mi. E Haven, 2. <i>Harvey County</i>: 1 mi. E and 1/2 +mi. N Halstead, 1; Halstead, 3. <i>Butler County</i>: 8 mi. W Rosalia, 2. <i>Barber County</i>: +near South Bridge, Sun City, 1; 2 mi. S Sun City, 1; Wells Ranch, Aetna, 5; "1 mi. W +Aetna," 3; near South Bridge, Aetna, 1; near Bridge, 1 mi. S Aetna, 2. <i>Harper County</i>: +4-1/2 mi. NE Danville, 8; 1 mi. N Harper, 11; 3 mi. S Harper, 1. <i>Cowley County</i>: 3 mi. +SW Arkansas City, 4; 3 mi. SE Arkansas City, 9; 3 mi. S Arkansas City, 1.</p> + + +</div> + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<h4>Measurements of Adult Males of Geomys</h4> + +<h5> + (In millimeters) + <span class="pagenum">[232]</span> +</h5> + +<table border="0" + cellpadding="2" + cellspacing="0" + width="100%" + summary="Measurements of Adult Males of Geomys"> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Key for table headings in table on this page.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">N: Number of individuals averaged or catalogue number</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">L: Total length</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">T: Length of tail</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">H: Length of hind foot</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">B: Basilar length</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Na: Length of nasals</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Z: Zygomatic breadth</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">M: Mastoid breadth</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Rb: Breadth of rostrum</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">I: Interorbital constriction</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">A: Alveolar length of maxillary tooth row</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">E: Extension of premaxilla posterior to nasals</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">S: Depth of skull</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Rl: Length of rostrum</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">N </td> + <td class="tdc">L</td> + <td class="tdc">T</td> + <td class="tdc">H</td> + <td class="tdc">B</td> + <td class="tdc">Na</td> + <td class="tdc">Z</td> + <td class="tdc">M</td> + <td class="tdc">Rb</td> + <td class="tdc">I</td> + <td class="tdc">A</td> + <td class="tdc">E</td> + <td class="tdc">S</td> + <td class="tdc">Rl</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. lutescens</i>; topotypes</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">5 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">266</td> + <td class="tdr">82.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.2</td> + <td class="tdr">40.0</td> + <td class="tdr">17.7</td> + <td class="tdr">30.5</td> + <td class="tdr">26.8</td> + <td class="tdr">11.5</td> + <td class="tdr">6.7</td> + <td class="tdr">8.6</td> + <td class="tdr">3.9</td> + <td class="tdr">17.1</td> + <td class="tdr">20.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">257</td> + <td class="tdr">76.0</td> + <td class="tdr">33.0</td> + <td class="tdr">38.3</td> + <td class="tdr">16.0</td> + <td class="tdr">29.1</td> + <td class="tdr">26.1</td> + <td class="tdr">11.2</td> + <td class="tdr">6.3</td> + <td class="tdr">8.1</td> + <td class="tdr">3.5</td> + <td class="tdr">16.2</td> + <td class="tdr">19.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">276</td> + <td class="tdr">91.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.0</td> + <td class="tdr">42.4</td> + <td class="tdr">20.3</td> + <td class="tdr">31.7</td> + <td class="tdr">27.5</td> + <td class="tdr">11.9</td> + <td class="tdr">6.9</td> + <td class="tdr">9.2</td> + <td class="tdr">4.2</td> + <td class="tdr">17.7</td> + <td class="tdr">23.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>2 mi. NE Ludell, Rawlins Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12088</td> + <td class="tdr">272</td> + <td class="tdr">92.0</td> + <td class="tdr">35.0</td> + <td class="tdr">43.2</td> + <td class="tdr">19.1</td> + <td class="tdr">32.3</td> + <td class="tdr">27.7</td> + <td class="tdr">11.3</td> + <td class="tdr">6.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.4</td> + <td class="tdr">2.8</td> + <td class="tdr">18.0</td> + <td class="tdr">22.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. majusculus</i>; Douglas Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">16 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">289</td> + <td class="tdr">79.8</td> + <td class="tdr">36.3</td> + <td class="tdr">47.1</td> + <td class="tdr">21.0</td> + <td>34.1<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">A</a></td> + <td class="tdr">30.4</td> + <td class="tdr">12.1</td> + <td class="tdr">6.8</td> + <td class="tdr">9.3</td> + <td class="tdr">3.7</td> + <td class="tdr">18.5</td> + <td class="tdr">24.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">273</td> + <td class="tdr">70.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">44.7</td> + <td class="tdr">18.9</td> + <td class="tdr">30.5</td> + <td class="tdr">27.5</td> + <td class="tdr">11.1</td> + <td class="tdr">6.5</td> + <td class="tdr">8.2</td> + <td class="tdr">2.9</td> + <td class="tdr">17.3</td> + <td class="tdr">22.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">308</td> + <td class="tdr">95.0</td> + <td class="tdr">55.0</td> + <td class="tdr">49.9</td> + <td class="tdr">23.2</td> + <td class="tdr">38.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.5</td> + <td class="tdr">13.5</td> + <td class="tdr">7.6</td> + <td class="tdr">10.3</td> + <td class="tdr">5.7</td> + <td class="tdr">20.0</td> + <td class="tdr">28.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. jugossicularis</i>; Morton Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">4 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">265</td> + <td class="tdr">82.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.2</td> + <td class="tdr">40.7</td> + <td class="tdr">16.9</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">27.9</td> + <td class="tdr">10.7</td> + <td class="tdr">6.0</td> + <td class="tdr">8.6</td> + <td class="tdr">5.2</td> + <td class="tdr">17.3</td> + <td class="tdr">21.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">250</td> + <td class="tdr">68.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">38.5</td> + <td class="tdr">16.1</td> + <td class="tdr">29.0</td> + <td class="tdr">27.5</td> + <td class="tdr">10.5</td> + <td class="tdr">5.5</td> + <td class="tdr">8.2</td> + <td class="tdr">4.7</td> + <td class="tdr">16.4</td> + <td class="tdr">20.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">285</td> + <td class="tdr">92.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.0</td> + <td class="tdr">42.4</td> + <td class="tdr">17.4</td> + <td class="tdr">31.1</td> + <td class="tdr">28.4</td> + <td class="tdr">11.0</td> + <td class="tdr">6.2</td> + <td class="tdr">9.2</td> + <td class="tdr">5.5</td> + <td class="tdr">17.9</td> + <td class="tdr">22.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. industrius</i>; Meade Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">8 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">265</td> + <td class="tdr">82.0</td> + <td class="tdr">35.0</td> + <td class="tdr">40.9</td> + <td class="tdr">18.1</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">28.0</td> + <td class="tdr">11.0</td> + <td class="tdr">6.2</td> + <td class="tdr">8.8</td> + <td class="tdr">4.3</td> + <td class="tdr">17.7</td> + <td class="tdr">21.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">247</td> + <td class="tdr">70.0</td> + <td class="tdr">33.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.9</td> + <td class="tdr">15.5</td> + <td class="tdr">28.2</td> + <td class="tdr">26.5</td> + <td class="tdr">9.9</td> + <td class="tdr">5.7</td> + <td class="tdr">8.0</td> + <td class="tdr">2.9</td> + <td class="tdr">16.8</td> + <td class="tdr">19.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">280</td> + <td class="tdr">90.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.0</td> + <td class="tdr">43.4</td> + <td class="tdr">21.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.4</td> + <td class="tdr">29.5</td> + <td class="tdr">11.6</td> + <td class="tdr">7.0</td> + <td class="tdr">9.1</td> + <td class="tdr">5.2</td> + <td class="tdr">19.1</td> + <td class="tdr">24.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. major</i>; Wells Ranch, Aetna, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11724</td> + <td class="tdr">256</td> + <td class="tdr">66.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.0</td> + <td class="tdr">41.0</td> + <td class="tdr">18.3</td> + <td class="tdr">31.6</td> + <td class="tdr">28.2</td> + <td class="tdr">10.6</td> + <td class="tdr">6.1</td> + <td class="tdr">9.0</td> + <td class="tdr">4.0</td> + <td class="tdr">17.0</td> + <td class="tdr">21.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>1 mi. W Aetna, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11153</td> + <td class="tdr">240</td> + <td class="tdr">75.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.7</td> + <td class="tdr">15.7</td> + <td class="tdr">26.9</td> + <td class="tdr">24.6</td> + <td class="tdr">9.9</td> + <td class="tdr">5.9</td> + <td class="tdr">8.8</td> + <td class="tdr">4.0</td> + <td class="tdr">15.0</td> + <td class="tdr">19.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11152</td> + <td class="tdr">240</td> + <td class="tdr">65.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.0</td> + <td class="tdr">14.2</td> + <td class="tdr">26.1</td> + <td class="tdr">25.4</td> + <td class="tdr">10.9</td> + <td class="tdr">5.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.5</td> + <td class="tdr">5.0</td> + <td class="tdr">15.5</td> + <td class="tdr">18.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>3 mi. SE Arkansas City, Cowley Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12870</td> + <td class="tdr">246</td> + <td class="tdr">76.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">42.1</td> + <td>16.0<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">E</a></td> + <td class="tdr">33.7</td> + <td class="tdr">29.7</td> + <td class="tdr">11.5</td> + <td class="tdr">6.3</td> + <td class="tdr">9.4</td> + <td class="tdr">4.5</td> + <td class="tdr">17.6</td> + <td class="tdr">21.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>3 mi. SW Arkansas City, Cowley Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12892</td> + <td class="tdr">282</td> + <td class="tdr">84.0</td> + <td class="tdr">33.0</td> + <td class="tdr">41.7</td> + <td class="tdr">17.3</td> + <td class="tdr">....</td> + <td class="tdr">27.7</td> + <td class="tdr">10.8</td> + <td class="tdr">6.4</td> + <td class="tdr">8.9</td> + <td class="tdr">4.2</td> + <td class="tdr">17.2</td> + <td class="tdr">21.5</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p> + <span class="pagenum"> + [233] + </span> +</p> + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<h4>Measurements of Adult Females of Geomys</h4> + +<h5>(In millimeters)</h5> + +<table border="0" + cellpadding="2" + cellspacing="0" + width="95%" + summary="Measurements of Adult Females of Geomys"> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Key for table headings in table on this page.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">N: Number of individuals averaged or catalogue number</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">L: Total length</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">T: Length of tail</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">H: Length of hind foot</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">B: Basilar length</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Na: Length of nasals</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Z: Zygomatic breadth</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">M: Mastoid breadth</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Rb: Breadth of rostrum</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">I: Interorbital constriction</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">A: Alveolar length of maxillary tooth row</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">E: Extension of premaxilla posterior to nasals</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">S: Depth of skull</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14">Rl: Length of rostrum</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">N </td> + <td class="tdc">L</td> + <td class="tdc">T</td> + <td class="tdc">H</td> + <td class="tdc">B</td> + <td class="tdc">Na</td> + <td class="tdc">Z</td> + <td class="tdc">M</td> + <td class="tdc">Rb</td> + <td class="tdc">I</td> + <td class="tdc">A</td> + <td class="tdc">E</td> + <td class="tdc">S</td> + <td class="tdc">Rl</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. lutescens</i>; topotypes</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">6 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">233</td> + <td class="tdr">72.3</td> + <td class="tdr">31.1</td> + <td class="tdr">35.3</td> + <td class="tdr">15.0</td> + <td class="tdr">25.9</td> + <td class="tdr">23.7</td> + <td class="tdr">10.4</td> + <td class="tdr">6.1</td> + <td class="tdr">8.3</td> + <td class="tdr">3.7</td> + <td class="tdr">15.4</td> + <td class="tdr">18.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">215</td> + <td class="tdr">63.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">33.5</td> + <td class="tdr">13.9</td> + <td class="tdr">24.6</td> + <td class="tdr">21.8</td> + <td class="tdr">10.1</td> + <td class="tdr">5.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.1</td> + <td class="tdr">2.9</td> + <td class="tdr">14.8</td> + <td class="tdr">17.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">254</td> + <td class="tdr">76.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.0</td> + <td class="tdr">16.8</td> + <td class="tdr">26.7</td> + <td class="tdr">24.8</td> + <td class="tdr">10.7</td> + <td class="tdr">6.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.5</td> + <td class="tdr">4.5</td> + <td class="tdr">16.2</td> + <td class="tdr">19.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>2 mi. NE Ludell, Rawlins Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11733</td> + <td class="tdr">230</td> + <td class="tdr">63.0</td> + <td class="tdr">31.0</td> + <td class="tdr">35.3</td> + <td class="tdr">15.1</td> + <td class="tdr">26.5</td> + <td class="tdr">24.1</td> + <td class="tdr">9.3</td> + <td class="tdr">6.1</td> + <td class="tdr">7.5</td> + <td class="tdr">2.4</td> + <td class="tdr">15.0</td> + <td class="tdr">18.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12155</td> + <td class="tdr">245</td> + <td class="tdr">70.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">35.6</td> + <td class="tdr">14.6</td> + <td class="tdr">25.2</td> + <td class="tdr">24.1</td> + <td class="tdr">10.6</td> + <td class="tdr">6.4</td> + <td class="tdr">7.5</td> + <td class="tdr">3.1</td> + <td class="tdr">14.9</td> + <td class="tdr">18.2</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. majusculus</i>; Douglas Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">17 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">265</td> + <td class="tdr">78.6</td> + <td class="tdr">32.8</td> + <td>40.6<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">B</a></td> + <td>17.2<a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">B</a></td> + <td>28.6<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">A</a></td> + <td class="tdr">26.4</td> + <td class="tdr">10.9</td> + <td class="tdr">6.5</td> + <td class="tdr">9.1</td> + <td class="tdr">3.6</td> + <td class="tdr">16.6</td> + <td class="tdr">21.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">222</td> + <td class="tdr">59.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.1</td> + <td class="tdr">15.9</td> + <td class="tdr">26.7</td> + <td class="tdr">24.9</td> + <td class="tdr">10.0</td> + <td class="tdr">5.9</td> + <td class="tdr">8.5</td> + <td class="tdr">2.0</td> + <td class="tdr">15.2</td> + <td class="tdr">18.8</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. jugossicularis</i>; Morton Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">5012</td> + <td class="tdr">244</td> + <td class="tdr">72.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.2</td> + <td class="tdr">16.4</td> + <td class="tdr">25.4</td> + <td class="tdr">25.0</td> + <td class="tdr">10.0</td> + <td class="tdr">5.9</td> + <td class="tdr">8.0</td> + <td class="tdr">4.2</td> + <td class="tdr">16.0</td> + <td class="tdr">19.3</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">5395</td> + <td class="tdr">230</td> + <td class="tdr">72.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.6</td> + <td class="tdr">13.9</td> + <td class="tdr">24.7</td> + <td class="tdr">24.8</td> + <td class="tdr">9.8</td> + <td class="tdr">5.8</td> + <td class="tdr">8.0</td> + <td class="tdr">4.5</td> + <td class="tdr">15.2</td> + <td class="tdr">17.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. industrius</i>; Meade Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">7 ave.</td> + <td class="tdr">238</td> + <td>73.0<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">C</a></td> + <td class="tdr">31.3</td> + <td>36.4<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">D</a></td> + <td class="tdr">14.9</td> + <td class="tdr">26.3</td> + <td>24.8<a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">D</a></td> + <td class="tdr">10.0</td> + <td class="tdr">6.0</td> + <td class="tdr">8.4</td> + <td class="tdr">4.1</td> + <td class="tdr">16.2</td> + <td class="tdr">18.6</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">min.</td> + <td class="tdr">231</td> + <td class="tdr">65.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">35.4</td> + <td class="tdr">14.0</td> + <td class="tdr">25.8</td> + <td class="tdr">24.5</td> + <td class="tdr">9.5</td> + <td class="tdr">5.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.1</td> + <td class="tdr">3.6</td> + <td class="tdr">15.5</td> + <td class="tdr">17.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">max.</td> + <td class="tdr">256</td> + <td class="tdr">75.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.8</td> + <td class="tdr">16.1</td> + <td class="tdr">27.8</td> + <td class="tdr">25.9</td> + <td class="tdr">10.3</td> + <td class="tdr">6.5</td> + <td class="tdr">8.7</td> + <td class="tdr">4.7</td> + <td class="tdr">17.6</td> + <td class="tdr">19.9</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5><i>G. b. major</i>; 1 mi. S Aetna, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">10069</td> + <td class="tdr">257</td> + <td class="tdr">95.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">37.0</td> + <td class="tdr">16.4</td> + <td class="tdr">26.4</td> + <td class="tdr">25.5</td> + <td class="tdr">10.8</td> + <td class="tdr">6.2</td> + <td class="tdr">9.0</td> + <td class="tdr">3.4</td> + <td class="tdr">16.4</td> + <td class="tdr">19.4</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>Aetna, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">10070</td> + <td class="tdr">242</td> + <td class="tdr">83.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.8</td> + <td class="tdr">15.7</td> + <td class="tdr">26.2</td> + <td class="tdr">25.0</td> + <td class="tdr">10.1</td> + <td class="tdr">6.5</td> + <td class="tdr">9.1</td> + <td class="tdr">3.3</td> + <td class="tdr">15.8</td> + <td class="tdr">19.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>Wells Ranch, Aetna, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12238</td> + <td class="tdr">239</td> + <td class="tdr">65.0</td> + <td class="tdr">31.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.2</td> + <td class="tdr">14.5</td> + <td class="tdr">24.6</td> + <td class="tdr">23.7</td> + <td class="tdr">9.6</td> + <td class="tdr">6.0</td> + <td class="tdr">8.0</td> + <td class="tdr">3.6</td> + <td class="tdr">15.2</td> + <td class="tdr">17.7</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>1 mi. S.Sun City, Barber Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">11075</td> + <td class="tdr">232</td> + <td class="tdr">66.0</td> + <td class="tdr">28.0</td> + <td class="tdr">34.2</td> + <td class="tdr">14.4</td> + <td class="tdr">25.0</td> + <td class="tdr">23.6</td> + <td class="tdr">9.9</td> + <td class="tdr">5.9</td> + <td class="tdr">8.0</td> + <td class="tdr">3.4</td> + <td class="tdr">15.0</td> + <td class="tdr">17.0</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>3 mi. SW Arkansas City, Cowley Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12872</td> + <td class="tdr">242</td> + <td class="tdr">66.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">38.1</td> + <td class="tdr">15.0</td> + <td class="tdr">28.0</td> + <td class="tdr">26.2</td> + <td class="tdr">10.3</td> + <td class="tdr">6.3</td> + <td class="tdr">7.8</td> + <td class="tdr">4.5</td> + <td class="tdr">16.1</td> + <td class="tdr">19.1</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td colspan="14"><h5>3 mi. SE Arkansas City, Cowley Co., Kansas</h5></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12894</td> + <td class="tdr">230</td> + <td class="tdr">82.0</td> + <td class="tdr">30.0</td> + <td class="tdr">38.5</td> + <td class="tdr">15.5</td> + <td class="tdr">28.0</td> + <td class="tdr">25.6</td> + <td class="tdr">10.0</td> + <td class="tdr">6.7</td> + <td class="tdr">8.7</td> + <td class="tdr">4.0</td> + <td class="tdr">16.6</td> + <td class="tdr">19.5</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td class="tdr">12893</td> + <td class="tdr">246</td> + <td class="tdr">83.0</td> + <td class="tdr">32.0</td> + <td class="tdr">36.5</td> + <td class="tdr">14.2</td> + <td class="tdr">25.6</td> + <td class="tdr">24.8</td> + <td class="tdr">9.6</td> + <td class="tdr">6.6</td> + <td class="tdr">8.7</td> + <td class="tdr">4.6</td> + <td class="tdr">15.4</td> + <td class="tdr">18.1</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<p class="h3">Footnotes</p> + +<a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor"></a> +<div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_A_1"> + <span class="label">A</span> + </a> + 15 averaged. + </p> +</div> + +<a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor"></a> +<div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_B_2"> + <span class="label">B</span> + </a> + 16 averaged. + </p> +</div> + +<a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor"></a> +<div class="footnote"> +<p> + <a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_C_3"> + <span class="label">C</span> + </a> + 6 averaged. +</p> +</div> + +<a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor"></a> +<div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_D_4"> + <span class="label">D</span> + </a> + 5 averaged. + </p> +</div> + +<a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor"></a> +<div class="footnote"> +<p> + <a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a> + <a href="#FNanchor_E_5"> + <span class="label">E</span> + </a> + approximate. + <span class="pagenum">[234]</span> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class="chapter" /> + +<h2>SUBSPECIES OF THE SPECIES GEOMYS BURSARIUS</h2> + +<p>If <i>Geomys lutescens major</i> Davis is correctly judged to intergrade +with <i>Geomys bursarius majusculus</i> Swenk, the name for the full +species will be <i>Geomys bursarius</i> because <i>bursarius</i> is the oldest +name among those available. Some new combinations of names +are required. According to our present understanding, the eleven +kinds of pocket gophers named below are properly to be arranged +as subspecies of the species <i>Geomys bursarius</i>:</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius bursarius</i> (Shaw). Type from unknown locality in Upper +Mississippi Valley.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius majusculus</i> Swenk. Type from Lincoln, Lancaster +County, Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius hylaeus</i> Blossom. Type from 10 mi. S Chadron, Dawes +County, Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius levisagittalis</i> Swenk. Type from Spencer, Boyd County, +Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius vinaceus</i> Swenk. Type from Scottsbluff, Scotts Bluff +County, Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius lutescens</i> Merriam. Type from Sandhills on Birdwood +Creek, Lincoln County, Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius illinoensis</i> Komarek and Spencer. Type from 1 mi. S +Momence, Kankakee County, Illinois.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius jugossicularis</i> Hooper. Type from Lamar, Prowers +County, Colorado.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius industrius</i> new subspecies. Type from 1-1/2 mi. N Fowler, +Meade County, Kansas.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius major</i> Davis. Type from 8 mi. W Clarendon, Donley +County, Texas.</p> + +<p><i>Geomys bursarius llanensis</i> Bailey. Type from Llano, Llano County, Texas.<span class="pagenum">[235]</span></p> + +<br /> <br /> + +<p class="h4">LITERATURE CITED</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Allen, J. A.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1874. Notes on the mammals of portions of Kansas, Colorado, Wyoming +and Utah. Part I. On the mammals of middle and western Kansas. +Bull. Essex Inst., 6 (no. 2):43-52. February, 1874.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1895. List of mammals collected in the Black Hills region of South Dakota +and in western Kansas by Mr. Walter W. Granger with field notes +by the collector. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:259-274. August 21, +1895.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Allen, P.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1940. Kansas mammals. Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Bull. +Inf. Stud. in Educ., Number 20 (no. 5):l-62. May, 1940.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Baker, A. B.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1889. Mammals of western Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 11:56-58 +(for 1887-88).</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Baird, S. F.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1857. Explorations and surveys for a railroad route from the Mississippi +River to the Pacific Ocean. War Department. Mammals, Part I, +xxxii + 757, pls. 17-60, 35 figs. in text, 1857.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Black, J. D.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1937. Mammals of Kansas. Thirtieth Bienn. Rept. Kansas State Board of +Agric., 35:116-217.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1940. Distribution and variation of pocket gophers (Genus Geomys) in the +southwestern United States. Texas Agric. Exp. Station, Bull., 590:1-38, +6 figs. in text. October 23, 1940.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Hibbard, C. W.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1933. A revised check list of Kansas mammals. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., +36:230-249.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1944. A checklist of Kansas mammals, 1943. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., +47:61-88.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1940. A new race of pocket gopher of the species Geomys lutescens from +Colorado. Occas. Papers, Mus. Zoöl., Univ. Michigan, 420:1-3. June +28, 1940.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Knox, M. V. B.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1875. Kansas Mammalia. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 4:18-22.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Komarek, E. V.</span>, and <span class="smcap">Spencer, D. A.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1931. A new pocket gopher from Illinois and Indiana. Journ. Mamm., 12:404-408, +1 pl., 1 fig. in text. November 11, 1931.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Lantz, D. E.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1905. Kansas mammals in their relations to agriculture. Kansas State +Agric. College Bull., 129:331-404. April, 1905.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1905. A list of Kansas mammals. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 19:171-178.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1907. Additions and corrections to the list of Kansas mammals. Trans. +Kansas Acad. Sci., 20 (pt. 2):214-217.<span class="pagenum">[236]</span></p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Merriam, C. H.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1890. Descriptions of twenty-six new species of North American mammals. +N. Amer. Fauna, 4: v + 60, 3 pls., 3 figs. in text. October 8, 1890.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1895. Monographic revision of the pocket gopher Family Geomyidae.... +N. Amer. Fauna, 8:1-258, 19 pls. and frontispiece, 71 figs. in text, 4 +maps. January 31, 1895.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Scheffer, T. H.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1910. The pocket gopher. Kansas State Agric. Coll. Ent. and Zoöl. Dept., +Bull., 172:197-233, illustrated. September, 1910.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1931. Habits and economic status of the pocket gophers. U. S. Dept. Agric., +Tech. Bull., 224:1-27, 8 pls., 2 figs. in text. January, 1931.</p> + +<p class="noin"><span class="smcap">Swenk, M. H.</span></p> + +<p class="outdent">1939. A study of local size variations in the prairie pocket gopher (Geomys +bursarius), with description of a new subspecies from Nebraska. Missouri +Valley Fauna, 1:1-8. December 5, 1939.</p> + +<p class="outdent">1940. A study of subspecific variation in the yellow pocket gopher (Geomys +lutescens) in Nebraska, and the geographical and ecological distribution +of the variants. Missouri Valley Fauna, 2:1-12. February 1, +1940.</p> + +<p><i>Transmitted May 30, 1947.</i></p> + +<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> + +<p class="h6">PRINTED BY +<br /> +FRED VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS +<br /> +1947 +<br /> +21-8188</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Subspeciation in Pocket Gophers of +Kansas, [KU. Vol. 1 No. 11], by Bernardo Villa-R and E. 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